Star. — London, England, 1819-06-28 00:00:00

Eft , under t., any _further - condition of L ti yerking classes, or of any part of mankind." Let net, Mv. rever, my brother manufacturers be. alarmed. • 1 - - Indail to propose nothing that will not-itenefittlietn, by. a judicious employment of the poor, equally with all the other classes. The second cause, and which is intimately connected with the first. is the rapid ,nerd extensive increase which has been made to mechanic anal other scientific power, and which is still in ac. tive progress. lb give admit faint idea of this infl ( nt,. l but gigantic power, which in its rapidly increasing yet almost unnoticed growth, will soon set at nought all the cakulations of modern statesmen. I will state one fact of easy proof that willdevelope to ourselves , and to.surrounding natives, •:the new circtinistances in which we now are. and in which tie are about el:sexist. Front.the best data which awl* procured it appears, that one in lotted thripopelehon-of Great Britain and Ireland. thirty yeari ate, wens actual' labourers—bat since the introdu4tion of t . rjrryytweli children. and worries into' Maaisfettires, ithe Praise"- don is now generally supposed to .hive rhea to, east in three• of the *hole ansnber: Coasequent)ye if the, population of Great Brkain . and /tifarid is now IS millions, .6,000 0 000 ef them are in manual operation. Within the last 30 or 44 yes.rs there has been as much new scientific power created and applied to' perform the operations in one branch only of one of our ester . sive nreaufactines 41 masainthe spinning of cotton), that, with the Ail of two bundled thousand persons, can spin as much thread as on the single thread w in common, use a few years n o, could be spun by twenty millions of expert aduk spinners. Now le; provide that *amber, would require a populatiori (WI indestnoits as our's now isy of sixty millions ; and etipposing that each individual of . the working class competent to labour was employed solely in spinning cotton thread. In this calculation J assume that each . individual. with the aid of the improved machinery now:employed, is spinning cotton; performs the week of one hundred on the single wheel. Observe, then, the extraordinary change which the cotton spinning machines alone have produced in society. The,two hundred thousand parsec!: now employed is cotton spinning, stipposing one it three to be actin) labour- Ms Zip Low give a population for coesumption of j .604,11PW,twhile they now produce as much as would, ll:mired a population of sixty millions. to create :Years ear 1: 'What thee is become of the old • okr berweets reabstion and straillnetiow,. slick d in the *MAI every palms* moue -414 .i . „has yet wattentelpen she saline ? This ar ste , is no longer to be feared., aid lot come idi,their reasonings on the,alient hemmer - -s - than* value ; they tau only lead the mead far ly from the existing &ass anti ro v o lv0)4 - 144 : 1 1' byriath of perplexity and Grew: ._ s-,.: % .„.i: , • also Dukg of Kars heti dam n. chenille, ' •en was made by Mr. Owen from , hii own pireomil experience, and strongly proved the necessity of find 'ng out new modes for the employment of the poor. ~-`Applause.) .Ivii..9w EN theft proceeded as follows r..." But it is one branch of one manufacture only in which scientific improvements have been made; they now to be found in almost every branch of every piaaufecture in Great Britsia and Irelands ; Every subsequent inquiry I have made on this subject. since occuned to me, has increased my knowledge magnitude, and it continues to increase ender prosperous or adverse times. My first and very hasty inquiry induced me - f Labour. performed years, to be , millions ; and , 1 millions to know that state it much , ;ve progress, spurred .dversity. Such ir _ British Empire deceive power, ' - whole world . and abundant lions, when '' number. the arrangements now exists, ' , means to support . superior comfort, empire may be ' .itis to ' ~. again in war, a.e rapidly increasing in numbers. and they are ready to. receive an addition to their .popu lation frbm all parts of the world ; while we le* tee -iinciplea quite the reveals, and pursue utallusien cannot fail to weaken ourselves, and strgthen , who may become our opponents. The (nit war which we shall be engaged, will make us feel the extreme folly of this conduct." The Duke of KENT here called the attention of the Meeting to the great importance tithe last observa tion which had fallen from Mr. Owes. It was high time that means should be taken to resist that abo minable argument which was held out, that soci _ find its own level when the superabundant population pf the country had died or emigrated.-- ( Applause. )—He conceived that, it was nee' particularly to call the attention of every' ' to the propriety rather of employing at horse, than suffering ' mto country—(App lause)—and that the means ... Iployrnent existed, the statement of Mr., Owen - clearly demonstrate, even to four times the .of our present population. His Rod High also called to the recollection of this.rfffeting, during the long and expensive war in which we been so recently engaged, we had been %Ada necessity of spending our money in the pa A foreign troops. How much more sa would it be, in the tweet of a similar unhappy eve N future, to devote our means ko the paymantuf feelings, • - advancing to a dangerous extent, as soon as they shall discover 'that this depopulating system is unnecessary—that it has no other foundation •than an ignorance of facts and practice, the knowledge of which is now essential to relieve the people from the distress they suffer, and the Government from the accumulating perils with which it is daily surrounding itself.—The fifth • list cause which shall now be mentioned, is, the important advantages which may he derived from* - • great increase, to the population of the Briers Empire, and more particularly to that part of it .a eluded within the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.; provided that the population shall be trained, as lima educated as usefully empkryei, and circumstanced as, beneficially ai the very ample means which •this country now affords will permit. The wisestmen in all ages have justly considered an increase of. popio, lation, where suiScient means could'be. friend for its support, to be 'an increase to the real wealth" and Strength of any country ; and to " increase and saul tiply" will yet be found to be a dictate of the most profound wisdom. In the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, .there is at this moment a superabini dance of all that can be required to enable the pop* lotion to increase to much shore than four times he present amount, and Most advantageously for, call parties. By this addition to our population, tinder the circumstances which I obntemplate, there will be far snore than a proportiossal increase to itil•that tea be desired in human society-agood morals and kW conduct will gradually improve on principles as woo taro and fiiecr as those of mathematics—real stealth will superabound—the political power of the cootilty will become invulnerable, and by using it with AO dom and moderation, you may secure a continuant, of peace throughout the civilized world,' gradually people those parts of it which are now wilds and de serts, and, by degrees, you may even improve • harmonise the' most savage and unenlightened p • of the earth. If advantageous commercial purse are coming to an end, as I contend they are, these. Will be aolack of occupation and employment. Yak the utmost aid of our science, industry, and power , there are ages increasing beneficial work berm; p, you. Your ca and skill will be kept in con. scant requisition, and you will have the mo'st satis factory returns from both. So ably / with his view of it, has the subject beta handled by my friend Wi t Malthus; so deep is the fear which he has thus fiend °tithe minds of the most intelligent, by his sup s/kir powers of reasoning (assuming his data to be tra4 that L do not expect that any thing but facts can now give relief to the- alarms of outmost profound gates. Men, when a child is born among the working claiiei It is curious, and deserving oirernark, that the power Of mild of mie individual of high talent andpmemara. fog Weary shiuld lead maakind in dread iglu at an evil and a less which it would be batter to con ceive a great good, acid the source of gain. Vf)ilis * faculties aod qfialif,ifis of 4 infanis shall be knoll's * "ed the power.wiliehsociety now possesses of &nisi . the infant into span shall be wisely applied to . ~ then for many agei w ll . mankind risoice, 'that! regret, when an infant is born.among ape 'king climes, I wish to dissipate your most tbs. ' t tr slit fears on this Subjeet i and tte assured, that if my 'altperience has afforded me any correct knowledge of huxhan nature, that at , no Naha period of the world can we experience any thing like the same evils lad misery from an excess of poputatios, as we now from _ :_ - inflict won Ourselves frotn the fear world ever attain the full extent 'bill give to each iacnybilmattha a earth and moiety can afford, distantperiod, it will be then, of• society which experience much more easy to limit po me or misery, than at present ; . remote a contingency, that it is folly to waste one thought upon , are the causes which in attention to the subject before combination, the parts of which detail. In the progress of my , that, to give permanent , employment to the we k in e t ,cenary to combine laud, intellectual power, in Web a Mehl* - --417 aid the other; and thek co-operation, when carried into be injure any other pan of • Permit me, however, to request you Will bear in mind, through the -whole of the following , plassatiOns, that she eersegesbents before you- "..• wised for the most poor and dostitiste miemberi • ciety, and whose sole dependence' for tubitettor from want of employment, on their own parishew-i The first consideration is forming this plan Wali, what number of individuals could be combined isa.l gether to render to each other the greateetadvaalhgei with the fe west inconvenieocies ? Experialkee Viers that about one thousand men, w Ilad children, would give ‘ a decided superiority - piper grater e -- to unite for one purpose ; and the experience also which I have had - in re-modelling or changing the habits of a whole people, opposed to me by all the prejudices of strong feelings, arising from different habits, notions, and supposed interests, you can form but a very inadequate conception of the advantages `which may be acquired by such arrangements. In the first place, the form of the village combines more economy, comfort, and advantages, than perhaps any other disposition of houses and public offices. It admits of econothy of building, of fuel, of cooking„ of cleansing, of police, of inspection, of labour of all kinds, in a very remarkable manner. It combinei the cheap bat invaluable comfort of air, light, acid space, and the parties are in the midst of all that occupations. Such are some of the benefits arising from the form of the village. The two farming eip ‘4 sablislrments, each of them being placed in the centre, • half of the land, and the works hop s and mantiklo Wks being situated_ at a short distance from fits lege, have been arranged on the same principle's 44 . economy of labour and convenience. The same prin.; ciples prevail in the disposition of the schools, kitcheue, eating rooms, church, lecture rooms, gardens, and in short of all ie appendages tothe plan. The particulat' use and object bleach part I will now particularly ex' Threesides of the parallellograth form dwellings for the married persons ; two apartments, a sleeping and sitting-room, one in front of the square, and tba l other looking into the gardens, will be appropriated for a man, his wife, and two children, under two years of age. The fourth side don§ists of dormitories for children above three years of age, boys and girls apart i and this range of buildings is terminated on one end by apartments for the sick—on the other by arrangements to accommodate strangers: The build ings in the centre, contain the kitchen and eating tooms for 1000 persons. Into the kitchen is to be introduced all the science and economy known on the subject of cooking; and the different families will have private tablet in the public rooms. On the right of this building is the infant school, and above is the church ;on the left a school for older children, and above it a library, reading, and lecture room. Around the exterior of the village are gardens; on one side of these the workshops and manufactories, and on the ,other washing houses,. drying greens, and other offi ces. The two farming establishments, one of which only is seen on the model, have been already men tioned. We new presided to the general arrangement arid employment of skages. I have already placed, a man, his wife, and two children in the ordinary dwelling apartments: when a third child Is born in a family, or the eldOst attains the age of three,gs s t moved to sleep in the dennitones, and it " the day-time to the infant school; in which, ed:* d the' pTets oninia near to it, the child is • . . red until it arrives at the age o f six yeas o f s this is somewhat new, permit me to ex myself maze fully. I have tried the effects this part of the arrangement for three years and a b and the result is quite satisfactory, and beyond thy most sanguine hopes I had entertained. This inii school' affords the means by which children may by prtvented from acquiring bad habits, and no hum being, I believe, can yet estimate the benefits whirl may be given to mankind, br this simple, econo mical, a nd certain means, for the prevention of bad habits in the rising generation of the poor ; they m be made althost a new race of human beings. I not now detain you longer by dwelling on this part Of the subject ; but I can state from experience, that society now possesses the power to do more sood to itself, by training all the children of the poor m good habits from infancy, ,than it can effect by a tenfold labour and expenditure in any other direction what^ ever. I speak now under the correction of those, who have given themselves much trouble to investi. gate the subject; I hope some of them who are eompetint to do justice to the subject will state what* has been already done in this way for some of the ,poor children of Westminster. The public is much Indebted to several individuals, of whose valuable 'serried in this respect they are yet uninformed, Baf I must return to the immediate subject before us.—.. When the children have been three years in the infani schools, that is, Ott the age of six, they are to be rol mo v ed into the second, or elder school, in which they are to remain Ur years; but during this period they will be taught habits of physical, as well as . of mental industry, and application. The gardens are to be cultivated by the' women, aided.by the children frit* ibis school, who in the first year, or from sir to seveig Vi re to be employed for one hour in the day in the 1 4E4m ; from seven to eight, two hours ; from eight to nine, three hours ; from nineeo ten, four holm; from ten to eleven, five hours; andi froth actin t twelve, sit hours • thus, in the last year, dlviding the `day equally between instruction and manual employs ment. Under this arrangement, at the eat age . twelve, they will have acquired good dispositites, a useful - education, superior manly habits, • prebend. I have given but a slight and bass of this arrangement—time will not ad m i t but I will, with pleasure, give any furthe r e ,, in my , power, that may be required by any sent. If it will not fairly meet every oy, e , the most intelligent minds can tir3e agait;si. estimation it would be of no va l ue . No y in the object is to relieve the working society generally, from the evils of Nap( ignorance. I have no ambition to gratity will accept reward of any kind from any any service I may do to the public. In then forming these things I secure all I wish, 01 one. moment contemplated. This statement was received throughout most profound attention, and was occasional] by approbation. The Duke of Sussex now rose, and obsei be should not take up much of their time, manner in which the subject had been opei Illustrious Relation, and the able explanat plan which had been given by Mr. Owen. trious Relation had justly stated, that it much reflection before any man could venni 'an opinion upon it, and therefore that he of Kent) did not pledge himself to any ( He himself would do the same, and would it was folly in any one, withont deep investi pledge himself in such a way. He had, heard enough as to its importance, to be that it ought to be taken up by every one to relieve the distresses and sufferings of But it ought to be impressed on their r. tame time, that no result could be iminN!. petted from the execution of the vlan, wise it would only be encouraging the h suffering multitude, by adding disappoii, distress, and perhaps laying the foundation serious evils to the community at lax saying this, he hoped he should not be stood as hostile to the measure, but merel, of caution to those for whose distresses he sincerely. He could not help saying that another consideration which weighed doi him, and had not escaped the reflection of trious relative. It was this—how far die pi of this plan might interfere with the existi, general, and in what respect it would be to alter them. Perhaps there was no one which called on them more seriously to - never ought we to pull don n an edifice ti, something wherewith to replace it—(Loud He wished it therefore to go forth to the be investigated, and to see what could be His Royal Highness then proposed,the . Resolution : " That the plan now explained to this Meeting involves derations at all times interesting to society. That at this cider period the subject is fraught with additional claims regard and attention of every part of the community ; larly as it admits of no exclusive principle, but is suited signed substantially to benrfit all parties. 'That consid, long and extensive experience from whence this plan ha. sated, and tie time and greet expense which the promoter has devoted to form the arrangements before us, it i=- earring the attention and investigation of all thou interest in sodas a termination to the present sniff Pbor, and the numerous existing evils of pauperism. Mr. 3. SMITH seconded the Resolution ; what he had seen of the establishment of New , expressed his conviction that ItlnOwen had ' society greatly, and he believed that a great `tie p,Trr • n would be effected by what be wa 'Resolution was then put and agreed The Duke of Sussex then moved a Resolution the formation of a Committee of leading men parties, as he trusted ikwould never be considered party question.--This was agreed to. Mr. ROwcbOFT then announced the following • as Willing to be Members of the Committee: The Dutet of tent and Sussex, Sir Wm. De Crespigny . 'Raison Peel, Sir Thomas Torten General Brown, Mr Bourne. Mr. T. IL Budd, Mr, Bads Montague, Mr. Mr. Harmer, Mr. Joshua Peel, Mr. Rovrcreft, Mr. a Mr. Smith, Mr. Fester, Mr. Clarke, Rev. Wm. Gurney, Mr. FR A slat (of Malta House, near Edit , ' begged leave to request the attention of Highness for a few minutes, as he had to state cumstance not yet known to the public, wl was certain would afford great pleasure to kis Highness and to this Meeting, and which some degree connected with the great object i lioratiag the condition of the lower classes. he alluded to was a plan for the formation and villages on the sea coasts of Ireland. had proposed this plan of colonizing the of Ireland fifteen years ago, but could wards it no active attention, until he had done himself the honour of making, a r , tion on the subject to his Royal Highness, Regent (,a copy of which he begged let, sent to his Royal Highness, the Chairman Meeting); that in consequence of the approbation of the Prince Regent, he (Mr. Fraser) had taken an op portunity of laying the whole of his plan before a Committee of the House of Commons, acconipan)- ing it with the heads of a Bill for carrying it into effect, and for the further encouragement of Landed Proprietors and others to build such towns and vil lages, and to enable Government to be at one half of the expense in making harbours and other necessary public works. He therefore repeated, that as soon as the Report was printed he would be happy to lay it before the Committee, with such observations , as he might wish to submit to their consideration. IMr. Fraser begged to apologize to his Royal High ness for the li be rty he had taken in addressing hint, as there were several Members of the louse present; but as he did not see any of the Hon. Mem bers who had been on the Committee, and the report not being printed, the Members present could not allude to this important measure, which he trusted would now go on without interruption crhindrance. His ROYAL Hionxitas the Chairman said, the Mr. Fraser had his best thanks for the statement he had made ; that he would put his name down on the Committee ; and should be happy to have further communications with him on so interesting and im portant a subject: Mr.ltecit IMO concurred with thecommendatiors on the Illustrious Personage who presided at the meetin. It was an example of zeal for the public good, ani of benevolent intention, worthy of the highest praise. In a limited degree he thought the scheme likely to succeed, and to ptodesce, where it did succeed, considerable happiness, comfort, and morality, b 7 giving employment and instruction to the lower classes. No person could admire more than he did, or appreciate more highly, the be,nevolcnce that -- ft, ". • • - i, . , 1 ,, , .- - : . . . . . .• . . i••• ' . a . _ , . • . ' . , , ...011 - 7 • , . j . • . , 1.0 4 . - arn subjects, and tghavepur.s*u• protected by- .oRor,andlif the working classes, as much as experience wise .s. avow these causes to force society into the bravery of Briton" ilOde:--.(Agiteuse.)—This 'and .Ifie`preseitt habits of the world will permit? The Table ionfosion. These causes all"rass i cook . only be affected by In increase of our popula-I 'Caliinatiaii before you is formed with a akar to. . .. . 'the sew ussillsoctssdug sYstemi. whiah has $ 'r 6 s v ier faili ; Itid inlegaleme haelnigaiis allied been sug- ailbee'l2l.the objects -which have been nientioned.--.-- i , . :, • a .;.. a. ebiedwi,thlis.the last SO ram: For the evils wnsran Liked were - adopted, so desirable an end conadmiver .I have tried many of these parts incombinatios under . . have bfto froevatasiloY thhilTabanita* You say!he • attained.' liii desired, by those observations, not. circumstances greatly more disadvantageous. than I existing state of all dse issanufactiaring distsida in: to be understood as making gay tilMktiOn upon our' those before you, and in practice they exceed the the kiqgdom, and mote paztitlibtrif to the evidence Foreign Allies, who had served .e 1! both faithfully most sanguine expectations I had formed of them taken b e fo re the Committee appointed by the two and honestly. . previous to trial. I will now point out, on the model, . ~ Houses of Parliament, to inquire into the condition Mr. Owmi proceeded.--w The fourth cause i—To the use of the different objects before you, and endea- . of children employed -in manufactories. Such an in- the itritation :and dis Content which - must arise.from your to give some idea of the peculiar advantages each vestigation will pros* to those, whose minds are un- the misery that cannot fail to be engendered by any part derives from its connexion with all the others. I .. , . prejudiced, that th 4 system, under the present practice mea sur e s whi c h t en d to depopulate a country. But say some idea, because without you had passed through 1 , , - _ is,-not calculated to effect any_further improvement these feelings, so hazardous to create among a peo- the same experience which I have had in arranging a 4.1 . altaarnelloration in the condition of the poor and ple hOurly advancing in knowledge, will be increased great multiplicity of different and.distinct operations, ~ ,_ ~ nil rilnce ! and the experience also 1 . 1 • •i tifr MI6 •14-•' 'l. :" 1 49(4 • • l'i : z t 1 $ : tvi , • . ' elllCk.l • ~ . ••• ' OrtAti tli . . PNlical grimace less that N, astray f byrintb 1 . Tel lation Ss • i t ..• experipc 1 , • ins out • -.4 App • ~ • /VIVA not in o ' 1 1 :',.i ' these sc 1, are now i, Inaoufic subsequ I l i l' ..„ of.iu to 4 prospers s inquiry ) ' of Libor] years, I millions • to 800 r 4 ,,t . now to I lto scat in active and adv •>l,- dthi e Brit tive i vk. the who full and millions 4 , f , that nut of the which c ; . ,• vise me in super , ' • i empire 1 : whom i • ) ' tend in . 1. , they ari 1p lotion I , , principl '?:., ~ which c l' ' those . w •, • in whic elttettlt i i ' The ' • . Meetin I tion wi: time th p minable would populai (App. portion :i mind is lotion coantry - employ would I "1: estent ( ness al that du had bee the nec i of fore - would i iu futui ed me to state the aggsegate amours gross • inflict ipoi formed by machinery withio the last 40 of it. ould the world es equal to 100 millions ; the nest to 150 of population that'll/ill giv a more extensive and accurate inquiry, utmost benefit that the earl as of labourers. I have good reason which must be a very distal that I should not eitseed the truth were in the improved state of such higher—and this terartairer is still will necessarily create, nms< ress, spurred on both by our • pulation, without crime or . Such in truth is the teal sitn -al but in truth this is so remot mpire, that it wields within kW* pa* very essence of folly to r, which, exceeds the manual labour Of die Subject. These, then, rid 50 years. ago. It is competent to a datiat t me to turn my atteni ichmt supply of more than two hundred you, atie to form that combi en the population can be increased to I will no* explain in detail The third cause for the introduction experiments, I discovered, gemenrs before you, is the necessity beneficial productive empl Lists, beyond any former period, to de- classes, it was necessary t support a large increase of population good habits, and intellectua union, that the political rank of the. that each should mutually w preserved unimpaired. Nations with the result Of this co-operatsr obe feared we shall again have to con- fell elect, should not rulers ThstY l is nit o f elPianati La rol ttiy one i nt. 10 ) .:ettllll, 0* I:. It, tole in:tr e ha nt upe:isra a t d itY: , 1 Y pan ! k t col react.' • or er, i k wt with i f aservcd, ti t ne, after.' pencd LT natiOn U 1 n. His kilo it re su i, ti inure to (the • Iy one 7.6 / ald add , L A C568,260; 11 id, llower t; be convis t i echo a•;,), e i of the r t * minds tit • isediat.cl ) p C Ins or o c m . e bope i pointmeat is ttion of ntug large.. k • rely by ers i I he felt an t rat chore rs deoplv •,•• I of his e prose sziag laws s be n•-ce.san one suirjet o pause; fr till we ;•al tral app.'em be public, :a be done. the follossiri tawdresiecnr: at at this pail:. 4 claims to tfo unity ; s suited and sls- consid,ring I plan has orip. pronsotir of a 5, it is well do we who frd Inficrings of ism." n ; and trem Neir Lawn's, sad benefitel great moral le was oed to. :esolution fir g men of all considered • owing names ttee: CresPirls Sr rn, Mr. Stories Mr. Preece, , Mr. Ricardo, Gsroey, ter. Edinburgh), • his Royal o !Mt a &- Lk; which he to kis Royal ' , hick was is )ject of acne- uses. What on of towns , d. That he e sea coasts d obtain to- had recently represenra- st, the Prince eve to pre- - man of this Iprobation of taken an op- which _ ordinary no• against ant t that all- would give a decided superiority in &II respect over useful practical education, superior manly habits, nit society any greater or smaller number. The next consider, and a knowledge of gardening ;at the age of twelve, ,abundant atioo was, what quantity of land would be necessary .the boys will be removed into the agncultural and igrated.— to support that number of persons : rod aped a-mf. manufacturing departments, in both of Which they necessary cleat surplus for all the beneficial purpose% of thithed will be well insiractaL hum all the ordinary no. y thinking constituted society? That quantity, I have reemein *as and prieluctieet in die Minds of many against our popu- conclude, need not exceed One acre for ma mac e this part 01 the arrangement ; but under the system leave the woman, and child. Then, how could their Isbourhn before yoti those obj ections have no wei g ht, t h e y are ins of such most advantageously employed for themselves end me re ly d m , a pp a ri tions of theory or limited experi- Mr.. Owen fierietY? soon discovered, reqoiredrhat trade once . 'al females , besides bei n g in the gardens at t ime s the Mid manufactures should be combined with the prposlimeurn of the ye ar , wi ll h ave th e gown. ' tore ; but that this part of the Irrangemmt could not supoproneadance and occupation of a ll the domestic elditeung. adeantageniuly .adeptii .withoet adding edam rusiederee r and when properly trained f or the pur- which we that should secure to ea& joilividaal geed vita !pork of Many if the education of the chil- lies mi l der frost? iorancy, mid neefol bilkilOort. Thai fainted *en nleo, which, under this rystem, will be con- eat=the . important imisidsvitios;Are_the tbonsandlndi-' shined • the mom ins duty of society._ vsdaals could hi amoral to eitele ditur z . Tbesnoterelbsiew • tithe employ m e nt o f eac h ppy even, Immix economy in alhheir deritiodit toMenenlty, wl* &radon the locality of soil and santuf out and yet by chit economy manufacture* whielipractkal mew will readily com- .