Star. — London, England, 1809-05-10 00:00:00

juncture. If there were any man in Englamlikbam as to regret, at the time, that the task of aiding Spa* devolved on his Majesty's Ministers, he would now have his complete revenge. The proceeding!' attend ing the expedition to Portugal 'gad become a subject of ridicule, even to our enemies. Nothing could be more ridiculous and disastrous than the successive ap pointment of Generals ; this was the circumstance which gave rise to the Convention of Cintra. And the effect of that Convention wsts, the delay of the British troops in Portugal, so that they were unable to join our allies till the month of December, when our co-operation was too late. It must have occur red to any person that the best mode of commencing the campaign would have been to enter the north of the peninsula, and prevent the retreat of Joseph Bo naparte lrom Madrid : and if that was not practica ble, it would have been better to have gone to the South, and made a stand near the Sierra Morena. Bat, independent of these questions, what he meant to contend was, that Minister; were incapable of car rying on their own plans. It was no secret that Bo naparte was making vast and rapid preparations in the month of September, to conquer Spain. This was known to Ministers long before they sent Lord William Bentinck as Ambassador to Spain; and long before they gave any orders for the march of the Bri tish troops into the country. Ministers were not deceiv ed wi.h respect to the affairs of :pain, Lord William Bentinck wrote that the Spanish armies were far in ferior to those of the French. His Lordsi.ip was de sired to press the campaign in the north of Spain.— He communicated his plan to the Spanish General Morla, and this man, who afterwards became a traitor to his country, and whose object was at that time to give up Cadiz, and the fleet there, to Bonaparte, ap . . I P4RLM. 2 ;fENTART PROCEEDINGS. HOUSE" OF LORDS, TUESDAY, MAY 9. Th • House this day, at three o'clock, went into a Committee upon the !-it,fford Peerage, and Counsel was heard at • the bas in behalf of tile claimant. POR3 ['GAL. The Earl of I.WFR POOL moved the Order of the Day for t king into corsileration his Majesty's Message respectifig a loan e 660,0001. to the Prince Regent of Portugal, and after observ ing upon t - .e sincerity and good faith of the House of Braganza towards this country, and lice privrions they had subjected them selves to, rather than submit to the will of the French Ruler, metered an humble address to his Majesty for his gracious com munication, and imparting to his Majesty the uniform concurrence of their Lordships to the measure proposed. The Duke of NORFOLK did not rise to give any opposition whatsoever to the loan mentioned ; on the contrary, he sincerely thought that there was no act of his Majesty's reign, with respect to munificence to fori.ign potentates, marked more with genero sity, humanity, or wisdom, than this, and Ministers were un doubtedly entitled to credit for it. But whilst he coneetted all this, he would not have it understood that he recognized that which was now understood_ to exist, namely, cur speculating any more in attempts to resist the impe•uotts strides of France over th • Continent of Europe, and by an ill judged and ill planned Con votion, undertake the guarantee of her deliverance. There was a gallant General gone out, and gallant troopt.were under his command, be entertained no doubt hut that they all would do their diary : hut he feared it would he all of no avail. He dreaded it, but he anticipated it, that in the effort to save the Peninsula from the grasp of the Conqueror, they would ultimately meet the fate of those who went before them. • His Grace added, that he did not even think it policy for this country to contend the right of Soverek . .,nty in ;iny continental struggle. Our chief wisdom, in hit opinion, at present consisted in making such a peace as Would save the integrity of our own dominions, and keep the long arm of France from reaching our oriental possessions. The Ad dress, so far as it related to the loan, had his heartiest concur rence, for he thought that the fidelity of the House of Braganza, their sufferings, and our own dignity, all combined to warrant an exertion of our liberality. • r The Earl of BUCKINGHAMSHIRE did rot altogether ties- peare d oeugoteo at the proposal, and desirell that the pond of eve:vital good yet arising from our straggle for the Cor- Ent , lish army might by all means enter the north of linen!, but he was not altogether satisfied as to the expenditure S p ain ,• and nobody but Morla and Bonaparte could be of the money before the convention or treaty respecting it took place, and he put some questions relative to this po i nt to t h e Noble gratified Loy such a plan as this. The campaign COM- Secretary. menced, and the British army was destitute of the very The Earl of LIVERPOOL answered them most satisfactorily, thin ,, . it stood in need of; it was quite destitute of ca and the question was carried mm. rhs. valry, although that was a force which he would have Lonm, MPLITIA. 'supposed the Ministers wished to deal most largely in, On the motion of the Earl of LIVERPOOL, the Order of the Day was read for the House taking into consideration the Local from the efforts they made on their entrance into militia Bill, wilco his Lordship shortly stored the merits of the office to increase the cavalry. - But the cavalry which Bil!, and coicluded with 'moving, that it be now read a second I was at last sent, did not arrive at Corunna till the o 1 Bth of November, the time when two Spanish armies Oa this motion a short discussion arose, and the question was supported upon the public principles of utility and necessity. The i were defeated. They never took the least step to Peers who spoke in favour of it were the Earl of Lis - moot, prepare the way for Sir D:Baird's landing at Co- Lord HARIVIY BY, and the Earl of WESTMOR ELAND. Those who ! runna; and see how extraordinary it was that the cypo.rd it were Ear!s Fit Z wILLIAm and Rossi.rn, the Marquis troops should be sent to Corunna, when Ministers had of Dour LAs, and Lord /LNIRK. 'fly. grounds of opposit i on le tt er were, that it would operat e t o wea k en our i nterna l strengt h , an d from Capt. Kennedy, asserting that the Junta be destruct've of our best defence, a constitutional army. The did not wish the English to land at Corunna. At question, h 'wryer, was c.trried without a division, and the bill the time this letter was lying on his table, Mr. Under was ordtrsd to be committed to-morrow.—Adjourned. Secretary Cooke avrote to Sir D. Baird that he could I not collect from Capt. Kennedy's letters that there would be any objection to the landing at Corunna.— Now, mark the astonishing contrast between the con duct of the enemy and of the Bt itish Ministers. Bo naparte flew with the iv pidity of an eagle; they crept like a great tortoise to the Spanish coast. Every part of the conduct of the Noble Lord (Castlere:igh) was like the sinuosity of a snail. That Noble Lord, with out ascertaining what Officer commanded the Spanish armies, desired. Sir John Moore to put himself un der the command of the Officer, whoever he might have been, whether fit or unfit, who then should hap-, pen to be at the head of the Spanish armies. He never heard of a thing of this kind before. Fortune,. however, as blind as the Noble Lord, decided that, Sir John Moore should be saved from that disgrace. See what an effect this might have led to. Morla was then at Madrid. He was resolved to sell him self to Bonaparte : he might have been the Com mander in Chief at the time of Sir John Moore's ar rival in Spain ; and if Morla had then ordered Sir 1 John Moore to advance to Madrid, and put himself in a situation to be destroyed, he trust have obeyed, or violated his instructions. He would next come to the conduct of Mr. Frere ; and first, he must notice the reluctance of Ministers to produce the letters written by that Gentleman ; they were drawn from them like drops of blood. When called on for them, the Ministers said they were private, and of no im. ilortance. But they were of the utmost importance ; however, they were the cause of Sir John Moore's march to Salamanca, and of his army being divided. How did Ministers act on the misfortunes of Sir John Moore ? They attempted to throw the blame oil . their own shoulders upon that gallant and great man. But fOrtunately the production of Mr. Fare's letters put the matter in its true p'iint of view. In his un fortunate situation Sir John Moore wrote to Mr. Frere. He saw no Spanish force to co-operate with him. He had no support, and saw that the whole of the enemy's force was opposed to him. The an swer sent by Mr. Frere was a most pressing desire to advance to Madrid ; and he wrote this letter at the very time when the pass of Soinosierra was taken, and when Bonaparte was within 17 miles of Madrid. At this very time, so ignorant was Mr. Frere of every thing passing in Spain, that he expres'sed a hope, that the British General would be able to prevent the ierupion of the French into Spain. Sir J. Moore had a little more sense then to listen to the rhapsodies of Mr. Frere. Morla also desired him to advance to Ma drid, and requested him to come by the pass of Somo sierra. On the d2d of December, the very day when Morla was writing that letter from Madrid, desiring him to come to him, he was capitol:l6llg with the enemy, and treacherously giving up that capital. It was evident, then, that he wanted to entrap Sir John Moore, and Mr. Frere joined in all those pressing invi tations. Nay,he did more than this. He senthim aletter by a person on whom very heavy suspicions oldisaffec tion rested. If this messenger, Mons. Charmilly, was not a spy, he was at least a dupe. It was said Mini sters knew nothing of Chat nUlly then was it to be supposed that Mr. Frere would have entrusted an im portant mission to such a person, unless he came re commended by Ministers ? Mr. Frere was not con tent with giving Sir John Moore false information, but he forced on him his bad advice, and in the per son of Charmilly appealed to the army against the General. lie afterwards made use of the most inde cent language that ever any Gentleman did to his equal. Sent too late by his employers to do any good, Mr. Frere must needs spew his activity in assisting tin-, willingly in the treason of the man who was in league the enemy. Far was he from supposing that Mr. Frere did not think he was acting toy the best. An Englishman would be incapable of being a traitor:. however, Bonitparte contrived to get as much front I Lis incapacity as he could have got from his treachery. Sir J. Moore, ignorant-as he was of every thing going HOUSE OF COMMONS. On the motion of Mr. Alderman SHAW, the Temple-bar Im provemtnt Bill was read a third time, and passed. Mr. STURGES BOURNE obtained leave to bring in a Bill, to vest in his Majesty's hands certain parts of the lands of Wind arm Forest, in the county of Berks. The Home went into a Committee on the Navigation Act, the Report of which was ordered to be received to-morrow. Counsel was heard against the Woollen Manufacture Bill in a Commi tee.—Order:d for reconsideration on Friday next. Lord MILT ON brought in a Biil to enable Judges to try causes in their own counties, which was read a first, and ordered to be read a second time on Monday se'nnight, and to be printed. A Message from the Lords announced their Lordships assent to the Sunderland Earbour BPI, and several other Private Bills. On the mo,ion of Mr. PARNELL it was agreed, that the House should on Friday next resolve itself into a Committee on the Irish Tithes Bill. Mr. TOsTER moved for accounts of the Grants to the Trus tees of tine First Fruits in Ireland, which was agreed to. Mr. WHITBREAD said, as he understood the Chancellor of the Exchequer brought forward the Ways and means on Friday, for various reasons he would defer putting any questions to the Right Hon. Gentleman with respect to lotteries, as he intended to do, thougli he could have wished for an opportunity of putting tir•m before the budget came out. Mr. ROSE gave notice, that he would move to-morrow that the House should res.lye itself into a Committee on the Act re lating to American ships, and the conditions on which they were permitted to come to this country. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL of SCOTLAND brought up the Ittport of the Committee on the Scotch Local Militia Bill, which was agreed to, and the third reading ordered to-morrow. Mr. HOWARD wished to know if it wits the intention of the Right Hen. Gentleman opposite to take c:l . e.te exemptions front the Income Tax, allowed to (miners? The CHANCELLOR cf 4ie EXCHEQUER said, it was not I his intention so to do. Mr. FOSTER moved for leave to bri:T in a Fill to !rake fur ther prJvision for enforcing the Acts relative to Customs, Excise and axes, in Ireland. Sir JOHN NEWPORT hoped the Bill woulel not be hurried through the House, as he was .orry to say too much of the Irish business frequently was. Mr. FOSITR had no wish that this, or any other Bill, should he improperly flurried through the House. That no grounds lir complaint shotiici.exist in the present instance, he would move tL•at the Bill should be printed, to give every Gentleman an op poriunity of becoming ccuainrcA with the provisions it contained. Sir JOHN NEWI-ORT explained, and leave was granted. Mr. FOSTER moved for leave to hrirg in a Bill to amend se v;.ral Acs for regulating the collectiag of the Duties on the sale of Spirits in Ireland. Atter a short conversation between Mr. BARNARD, Mr Fos- TKR, and Sir JOHN NEWPORT, leave was granted to bring in the Lill. '1 he Committee on the Irish Assize Fees Lill was postponed till to-morrow. THE LATE CAMPAIGN IN SPAIN. Lord TEMPLE rose to make his promised mo t'o:1 relative to Spain. He observed, that no Ministers ev(r possessed thore ample resources, for the most i pottant purpose that 'ever interested the world ; Illcrekrz lie f2:t it incumbent on him to call on I f. , u!:•:: to enquire into the causes of the failure of t)c c. mi.ai n w: - .ch they had undertaken to carry on. 0„e e;iuld :he bravery and gallant conduct cf ti.ose who were sent to fight our battles; and no lt,l one cold attach to thew. The 'louse had raised the pr udest rno:itiment to the memory of one of our bat and greatest soldiers; and if they had not done bo, they v:ould have left that task to he exclusively performed by the enemy, who raised a monument to him where he tell. The best testimony of his fame, however, existed in the hearts and feelings of the sol diers whom he commanded, and who fought with him. T o Sir John ?Moore, therefore, or to any of the heroes who conquered with him, no blame could attach. Who then were to be toe objects of censure but his itiaksty's Minister; ? Our allies were not the cause of the disa,ters we suffered. But he should be able to prove that our disasters were to he attributed solely t the conduct of his Majesty's Ministers ; and then ‘vouli ,cave to the House to determine what confi. e they were entitled to from the country. Amidst tie gig ow that was spreading Over Europe, and fast t,) our shorts, sprung up that glorious rd or , Fht ilanie, of the insurrectio n in Spain. The hit r.linistersthen had th e grandest opportunity ku..l L i e d them of im;irovin rt g the must fortunate con on•o where arotnidh;Trt, thre* hinge! Vitiliskes war) aM ht made such movenjents as enabled Ole I Spaumirds to preserve their friny towardsthe South. AU this time, the British Ministers never thought of Ire!ving the Spanish fleet at Firm], until•it was too r Such was the energy and activitrthat pervaded this expedition from September to January ! He did not wish to hurt the feelings of those who heard him, by recounting the disasters attending the retreat oflSir John Moore and his army-. The battle of Corunna . would for ever be a monument at once of the lustre of British. soldiers, and the incapacity of British Mi nisters. Although we lost our greatest General, his spirit still reigned in the British Army. If we were to look for the causes of the failure, where were wa to look but to the Ministers of the country ? They proved themselves completely ignorant, not only of the amount of the Spanish troops which they under took to assist, but even of the French ; and, to fill up the measure of their ignorance, they did not even know the amount of their own force ; for Lord Castlereagh wrote from Downing-street to Sir John Moore, insist ing that he had a much greater army than was actu ally under his command at the time. Here then was a picture of the conduct of Ministers! How did this correspond with their mighty promises at the com mencement of the Spanish insurrection ? And after such a picture, was it possible for the House to pass over their conduct unnoticed ? The Noble Lord then concluded by moving the following Resolutions : " That it appears to the House, after considering the eocu mem laid before it, that the spirit of resistance manifested in Spain last summer had not been seconded by Great Britain. " That the British Ministers, before they gave the prom'sed assistance, afforded the enemy time to collect his resources, and advance with numerous erodes into Spain. " That when the British army arrived there, it was not sup plied with those things necessary to enable it to co-operate effec tually with our Allies. " That nothing ,was done by the British Ministers to com bine a proper plan of operations, or to gain a knowledge of the amount of the force of the Spaniards, or of the enemy. " That the loss of the Spanish fleet at Ferrol, in consequence of being taken by tLe French, was owing to the neglect of Mi nisters, in not sending a naval force in time to get the fleet away. " That the House is further of opinion, that, in consequence of the negligence, weakness, and incapacity of Ministers, the hopes of.the nation were disappointed, its treasures wasted, and 7000 of its bravest troops uselessly sacrificed." Lord CASTLEREAGH rose. He did ,not ob ject to the statement of the Noble Lord in any other respect, than that his attack had been too general, and not so pointed on any particular charge as sufficiently to draw attention to it. The Noble Lord generally charged the present Government with want of vigour, want of force, ignorance, &c. which:, had they not been dull scholars indeed, they might have learned in full peifection from the Administration of which the Noble Lord formed a part. He- hoped it would not be said that the Noble Lord and those who acted with him had not had every advantage given them in the, full disclosure of evidence which had been made, and which he should be sorry to see followed as a general 1 rule. But it appeared to him, that in a case so grave. so interesting, and of so heavy responsibility, it would l be impossible for Government to stand right with the country and with the world, if the principle on which it rested was not explained. He thought the present the most futile and ineffectual attack that had ever been made against •any Government in a case so ex tended, and depending on so many circumstances.— ' The Noble Lord first accused Government of want of information, and of tardiness in the assistance ren dered to Spain. As to information in every thing connected with Spain, where could they have got in ' dividuals so qualified, as to supply them with the in formation ? Again, if they had waited for this its formation, must . they - not be indeed open to the Charge of .tardiness, which they would in that case have now had urged against th , :m with far more force and effect than it had been this night. As to plans of operations, it would have been preposterous and impertinent in the Government of this country to have interfered in presuming to direct them.— What right could we have to direct the operations of a campaign in which we were only the auxiliaries ? If the Noble Lord, however, meant that they . had no general notion of the place of Spain in which they were to be employed, he was - mistaken. They had long before laid it down that the North of Spain was the advisable place for them to act. In this not the British Government alone, but every Spanish Mili tary Authority- whatever concurred. The Marqu's Romana at St. Anckm, General Castanos at Madrid, and Sir H. Dalrymple at Lisbon, all agreed in this— and the only persons who seemed to dissent from it, were the politicians of London. He knew there was an opinion entertained by a Military Officer of cha racter-in this country, that the proper situati in for us to have occupied would have been the Pyrenees, but as that was not now argued, he should not touch on it. The Noble Lord seemed to' have chalked out for himself an intermediate campaign, taking St. Sebas tians and Barcelona for his scene of action. He was afraid, however, the Noble Lord must soon have gone to the Pyrenees, as he -could not long have held out at Sebastians. The Noble Lord proceeded to consider the moral obligation and the policy of assisting Spain, as in the assistance lent to her it was equally given to every other power who was warring with Bbnaparte.. The resistance head met with in Spain made it neces sary to send an army of 200,(X)) mat into that country, whereas, had it not been for the assistance received from this country, Spain might have been over-run by the troops which Bonaparte originally had there. The Noble Lord then proceeded to the different omissions alluded to in the opening speech, all of which he an swered. He then enforced the. arguments which have been already before the public in favour of the diver sion effected in Spain by the advance of Sir John Moore's army. The Noble Lord contended, that there never had been a more successful diversion ; no one effort had been made by the French South of the Tagus from January to March, in consequence of that diversion. He denied that that movement had been the result of Mr. Freres importunity, and thought it but a bad compliment to the high character of the illustrious General concerned, to suppose that he would have suffered himself to be influenced con- , trary to his own military judgment„to undertake any great military movement ; and he contended that the letter of the 9th proved that that gallant O ffi cer would not suffer himself to be so influenced. His advance upon Valladolid was of his own mere mo tion, and lie (Lord C) was convinced that that distinguished Officer had made that movement up n solid military grounds and those only. With respect to the losses of our army in the course of that cam paign, they did not materially exceed what b t i cated by his Hon. Relation—between 4 and .. , ;rie- 1 men, including casualties. This, considering t:::• ex - ent and severity of the campaign, was not so ordinary a loss ; for had so large an army remain v d at home, their casualties within the same time Wo o d have ' in all probability,amounted to 3000 men—. The. Noble Lord - then "ripiateil what he had a.dvan c . ed upon a former occasion in vindication of the Ge. vernment, with respect to the supply both of trans, ports and cavalry. He contended that Govern. ment lad not only been justified in their expec t ,. tions of the result c,f such a contest, but that Spar. had evinced an energi, zeal, and sincerity worthy of her cause. .He considered the British caaracter ad• vanced by the campaign, and more especially in co r .. sequence of the magnanimous and cbsinterested p ar , this country bad acted. Spain, by our conduct, w a , now convinciel that England had no other ob j . .,ct than to rescue her from the usurpation of France, and to o , , it in such a way.as to preserve the integrity He concluded by caking upon the I louse to e direct negative to the Resolutions of the Noble Eon'. Mr. PONSONBY replied to many of 41,,. „„„. ments of the Noble Lord who preceded arm. 14, asserted that Ministers, in thinking by their to act in conformity to the wishes of the peepl.l,., a been rash and precipitate. He thought the Secretary had made a very inconsiderate statemut with regard to Austria, thereby giving colou r t o t i t justification attempted by Bonaparte for entering a war with that power, on account oilier hostile Nu. parations. lrle also condemned. the Expeditio n to Portugal, and accused the Noble Lord of tariinecs in sending instructions to the seat of war, which remind ed him of Pope's lines, • Speed the soft intercourse, from soul to soul, And waft a sigh from Indus to the Pole." For the Noble Lord had never thought of sending Dispatches from this country till they - were al,e lately wanted in anotler. After this, the Right Honourable Gentleman entered somewhat more in to detail, and contended that precautions for the reception of the army werg not taken at Corunna, and that much time had been lost in marching ficm Portugal. The Noble Lord had scarcely mentioned the name of Mr. Frere, far less defended his conduct, which task he supposed he had left to another more able to do it from authority. He thought it evident that the interference of that Minister hid a great effect on the operations of Sir John Moore, 'who, by his instructions from Government, was bound to treat his wishes, and those of the Supreme Junta, with the utmost deference and respect. Our lo ss o f men he did not conceive to be cc m;ensate.{ by any advantage, or supposed advantage, we had gained in any respect, and that loss was in a great measure owing to the negligence of Government, in not taking care to secure proper information of the stete and progress of affairs in Spain. He coisidined both the Spanish and British Governments to be blameable in their =inner of conducting the c tmpaign, and the Noble Lord's defence as the weakest ever maec, which was evinced from his not beihg cheered by his friends on a single point he had stated (Hear, kar !) He therefore gave the motion his.hearty assent. Mr. Secretary CANNING expressed his so' oar that the Right Hon. Gentleman wile had spoke list, had not made out a better story than his Noble n I had done. It was a good stratagem in oratory fur a speaker to lament that others h id not been appleided when he Wanted applause for himself. (A laugh.)— The Right Honourable Secretary defended the policy adopted with respect to Spain, and contended the: it was not a proper time to arraign the conduct of Go vernment, because Ministers had net called fin- eoe quiry. The case which Government had to lay be fore the House would assume a different appearance when regular enquiry should take place. It was not fair to take one campaign and say the House had the whole conduct of Government before them. lie felt it a duty to follow the Noble Lord to that part of the campaign which the Table Lord had described to bc misconducted, and at the same time attributed that misconduct to the interference of Ministers. If there had been any errors in the movements of the troops previou rto the battle of Corunna, that battle w o u ld obliterate all.. He did not impute any errors, but, from a fair examination, he would deny that the al vance of Sir John Moore had been effected by Mr. Frere's interference. He thought the advance r;glit in a military point of_view, and if there was meat due to that advance, the merit did not rest with Mr. Frere. With respect to the person employed by Mr. Frere (Charmilly), he was unknown until Mr. Frere arrived in Spain. M. Charmilly passed through Sal tmanca with a letter from the Junta of Madrid to Sir John Moore. It was the duty of Mr..Frere to forward ths letter, and many of* the charges tittered ageiast him were unfounded. He had to express his regret that .a precipitate retreat had taken place, but the only way Ministers could be implicated, was fir not send ing transports; yet it would appear by the dispatches, that it was not the fault cf Government that trAIIS' ports were at Vigo, instead of Corunna. He felt, under all the calamitous events of the battle of Co runna, that it was a contest much to be desired for the honour of the country. On considering the general situation of Spain, le was persuad .d teat a deter mined desultory war would filially induce the peop!e of that country to give the command of their armies to a skilful officer, and that they Would be brought to a successful battle, when a British force might again be useful. The Right Honourable Secretary concluded by asserting that Miniiters were entitled to the approbation of Parliament for their conduct,• in- stead of censure. Mr.TIERNEY said he was convinced that the fair hopes which the aspect o' the affairs of Spain in spired in the beginning, had, in a great degree, been dashed by the misconduct and neglect of the Brisish Ministry. They sent an army to Spain, when there was no longer any chance of co-operating with tbo Spanish armies, and that army was exposed to all the miseries and disasters of 4 most precipitate retreat through the fault of the British Minister in Spain.— Frere, in his opinion, was deceived by the Junta, or acted from the impulse of too sanguine expel:L yons ; yet a Treaty of a singular nature had ken concluded with that Junta, among whom it n'As w) 1 unlikely there might be traitors to the Spanish cause a treaty which precluded this country from making' peace with France without the consent of that Mr. Tierriet then proceeded to censure the conduct ~ t the campaign in terms nearly similar to those useJ 1 -.~~ bow l .:srvy ) g Wood ivin c . m trans. oven-. peeta. Spa ty c f . er Pd. cnt- d rot w 1. than rive a ti. l• en;c.- t to tit ig itao le p * . un to 'Am ia mind. • itlng