Star. — London, England, 1816-03-07 00:00:00

.. iettreo iilp and peace, as tlte public mutt kneftehat i n a " ne w alarm of war it must be revived. He must ny that moiler, were entitled to the gratitude of the co untry, for the way in which they had brought the ear to such a glorious conclusion, and he 'trusted they word listen to the voice of their friends and of reasan end abandon the Tax, which Could Not b ut be mos t oppress i ve ly felt, in a time of such unexampled distress. kr. CARTWRIGHT had always considered the Leone Tax as a war tax; but he thought it neces sary now, for winding up the expences of the war, sod from what he had heard from the Chancellor of 1 lie &deg tier of his intention of giving relief to the it ekeltural interest, he was et opinion it would be yeah more beneficial to the country than raising the ; pi les by a loan, which would affeefthe public cre ie, by raising the funds. Mr. THOMPSON was of opinion that the conci liate of the Tax would be a great oppression on *wintry; while a lo an o f fi ve or six millions, in jog of depressing. wou ld ra i se the fends. andsup pit the public credit. Th e i ssue o f- Exchequer Bills, oldie contrary, would depress the funds. It was the duty of the . Government to relieve the country ei der its present distress. But the conduct of Mi: A kers raised suspicions in his mind, that there was sore behind the curtain than met the ear. Tn. Cowry. tankers, from their wrsh to relieve the pea.. pk, bad brought themselves into inextricable difficul ties. The Right Honourable Gentleman had said, that this Tax would compel the miser to pay like a Gentleman. But he could tell him that there mere Oars in his part of the country who would not pay like Gentlemene--(4 leegh.)—They wo u ld pay no Property Tax ? and would only lend their m iney at a enormous interest, which the distressed borrower was obliged to pay. He would put it to the Minis ers, after all the distresses the country had undergone, rather it was not their duty to relieve that country from this oppressive impost ? They never would be able to persuade the people that it was not obnoxious sad unnecessary. He had lately interfered to get a poor woman and her children sent out to Botany Bay with her husband, a convict ; and a letter had been received from this family, expressing in glowing tears the comforts they had enjoyed ; they had abun dance of poukry, pork, and luxuries such as they wild never obtain here. In a short time it was 're ported that he - had orders to send out B people to o. Dn y NI, and he was actually app l ied to by a ma n olio was lately a respectable small fernier ' Y pr.' ino him to send him and hi s f am il y out, as he wasnow6 obliged to go from house to house to beg for bnead, being unable to get work. He mentioned this once date to prove the genera l . state of the country, the . y people of which w e re actua l ly starviisg , and to , la , plot Ministers to take off not only the Property Tax ' but every other rat i h a t p ressed art the agriculturist. Sir GILBERT HEATHCOTE justified the means by which .the Petition had been obtained. He never would lend his name to any surreptitious mea. awe. Mr. SWAN said, the Meeting did not contain one Weed irarsons, and only sixty signed it at first, after which it was sent round the count r y f or names. Itgot signatur es , b ecause it was not sim plyet a g ainst the Property Tax, but aga i nst tax rtion ai°g er. Sir GILBERT REATHCOTE denied that he had represented the Petition as containing the voice of tie county of Rutland, but only of persons in err nie parts of R ut l an d sh i re. Mr.LOCHICART explained hi s reasons for a p ring of a modifi e d tax to be, that it would affect- p throat. I tall s op pr i property which h a d attained a most unna. eevaton. The monied man was collecting a ll ii sproperty to lay out i n l and, and to profit by tlle gases which affected the ot h er c l asses. The fu nded: peaty of the kingdom this year would, he would ' to!tete to sq. Purchase double the quantity or land Ithci it could have bought at any other t ime . Mewled a modified t a x, - on til tight by th e C hancellor of th e e g t. - He r ti c a n d e s qi s ie ta r. ted l l ' a h s e t madams had paid b ut a small pertion of the tar, Wale it had fallen on little traders, who were least We to bear it. It was U rea ties broke through, b ut s c vl b i ur h eb jaw' fan in its tramels. A I ;snag the tenant, and ex tax prop erly mod' which the held the lick . . ified, re oneratmg trade entirely, ltd be mo st d es i rable, and to such a princile h %old, remain a stead y f r i end. p e The Petition was then received, read, and ordered ts lie on the table. th:frt,..7ST_ERN rose to present a Petition from , _., l ;sebui yi Gentry, and Freeholders of the count ' :_fatt, express ing, their hope that the Property stanca a tt li osid_ riot . continued, under any etc r i u.. itereThey further hoped,. that- the most rigid esy st ite.would be exercised in every departmen t of Tie. Petition was received and read. On the mo. it lie on the table LONG POLE WELLESLEY said, ' give n t h e fullest attention to the subjethct.at - same opinion he previously entertained , that the co nt i nuance of the Taz would be . inj ury t h at the country could experience. diffhe might bfrom e censure d for mai nta i n i ng an and erent Gent le g reater of m uc h particularly one at variance wi th it H onoura b le Gentleman for whom every feeli ng o f t h e deepest duty and yet . h e could not , consistently with his nuf.. fug out of that House, do . otherwtse . than to question. H e was f ully inclined believe the Right Hon- Gentleman (the Chancellor of --) ~ - )had done every th i ng to modify, the out he WAS satisfi e d t h at these was such a prejudice against it in the minds of the as to render it utterly impossible that it could under any c ircumstances, the desired effect. never be continued in time of peace, without much disagreeable feeling - Tar, h owev, . --- in every q uarter . it due to him i r i , It was anobjectionable...— to say, that be trusted in had for ine .i se ~,. .u an erroneous opinion of the con. ...at might result from the currying of the and be was not 'without hopes that the ; b ut it Gent as would not persist in pressing so di d, .and should ultimately succeed, he et.._ En d hull standing first and foremost,touse ion mule interest he might possess, to put down ae2"alf e.gainst it which he Apprehended would • e 441 atlendsd the • Meeting, and could i )7 7; d that the company consisted of those who en. rote4lAntesi tn_terest and influence in the "" Pc r etest might be COUSideied as • , e h , it:veil at peat* ropert% rat, even ;even years of ur.r, time. It the whnle to prove, th at b y ,me portion of the rtgaved. in time of r said, that in no se Tit to remain Even should It Vvi)010 '.as to year. The Noble t he ( ash himself fro to e had n...rer e had give n e 4 eels said in ti, d g triumph that bl tigli in hi, own the country, :he Noble Lt at; Legislature had !ontinue longer of a definitive might put hif the country to in the wor d s conrructi.n s then ) ? the Noble Lord , it would only Inai ited io Pa. !!) Rave to the the in the. Xtbie a short tim e ly .concluded; nide to that :a the country lotorces. lie he Chancellor words " no had been can . attended that not wish the card. That weaken, as set ivetoi Par. !d the system the country, to Petition. out 4dopted the tutelars as' the T.t But sup. rer, and tee have no ef• e preferalik ) oppose the ring of the require a b e the wad Lath ; this lemptioti of Ise whether t ? It was tact before n . I t was it was bold it that was y as mock le conduct ohle Laid' the guts he Noble lic mirtd rice Aids de of is 'other of ron thee. be. -louse' to r that of as either le was a ire, mid country. rro e been a s. He of a . I the genera! hang. ,Even the tor, Lientenant• of the County had thought proper 'to come torteard and give his cordial approbition ot all t h e Petition contained The Petiiinn was the Lord n ordered to fie on the table; MIL fON presented a P. 'irises from the Borough if .Highans Ferrer', which was received and read, after a few observations from Mr. Cart wright.--Ordered to lie on the table. Wr. BROUGHAM presented one from the town of Dundee, complaining of the odious and oppressive nature of the Tax, and 'conciemnino, the arts prac tised to render it palitable, by pi etended mahfica tiens. • The Petitioners implored Parliament not to be taken in by artifice& It also represented the Mi. Nary Establishment as well as the Tax, as dange rous to the Constitution. The Honourable Gentle man said he declined entering at any l ength on the subject, after the excellent speech of his Honourable Friend, the Member for Worcester ; but he could not refrain from reprehending, at everyopportunity, the language held out by Minister& He would i not, not, therefore, advise the Noble Lord an sinis Friends to think that they could succeed in dupig the country by the fallacious gloss of the words t , and no longer" —and whosoever might attemit to insinuate party motives to those who opposed' the measure, would find that their efforts would only meet with the con. tempt they so richl sheir opponents. y deser ve d, instead of disarmi ng Mr. HOUBLON defended what be bed said on a former occasion, as to respecting the Tax. H e h ad now ever modificati on of the y hope th at h e should see it properly modi fi ed, str eet the wishes aud rests of of all part i es, in whic h case it should have his roost cordial support. A long explanatory conversatina ensued between Lord CASTLEREAGH and Mr. BROUGHAM, respecting what the former had said in the early part of the evening, as to the conduct of the late Ministry in respect to this Tax, who,-by. their sp eche' and its. tention of continuing it for toarteen years, had eat). ne?ated the present Government from the charge of a breach of flitch, its proposing to continue it for oniy two years after the war. Mr. HUSKISSON deprecated which t h ese incid-n the lo ss o f t i me tal discussion consumed. H e went at mu c h l ength into a reviews of the conduct the O ppos i t i on, while in power, and contended th a of t it was a b sur d to say Ministers were deba continuing the T rred from Tex und er an f rom the y circumstanc es char ge o f violating their faith to the coulitry.-... Had the plan of the late Ministers been adopted, re garding this Tax, it would hav e heen necessary to continu e it !sr three or four years frnni this time, in stead of twe. ' Mr. TIERNEY thought that there could be AO M;)re 6t time for a Member of the douse to state his sentiments upon this Tax than when he was dischar ging his duty tiS his constituents by Presenting a pe mean against it. But for his own part, as he had not at this moment that excuse for treublin g the House he would confiae himself to a very f.:w words. The Gctitlemen ou his side of the House had on this oc. casion been accused by the Noble Lerd opposite of beginning debates upon this tax, of crating delays, and preventing mere immediate business from being discussed —when at the same time he made this , accusation, the Noble Lord produced a large book! containing a most complicated plan of finance, on' which his Lordship and his colleagues put their own) construction, saying that it was incumbent on their' oppunents to answer this, to answer that, to at schedule C, l oo k at scheddie 11, and, in short 100 k , to dis (Hcuss all the parts of that complex statement ear, hear, frees the Omositioe.) • But he must say ifor himself, that he would not . was into the partici& /Jars of a plan of finance width was now eight years old, as he was eight years older. and could contrive to amuse himself • bettar than by reading it at this time. However, the argument which the Noble i Lord endeavoured to establish by his reference to the financial plan of 1807, was, that there was a breach of faith then, and therefore a breach of faith was justifianl e How. But he denied that there was , any breach of faith at that time t and fie pet himself 1 upon the country to deny if. was not then i one single petition presented to t here House complain., ling of any breach of faith ; but now petitions came front every part of the kingdom, complaining that if' Fa:at/nein continued this tax they would break faith: with aim country. The oposal of Lord Henry Petty, when he presented his . lan to the House, was this, that if it was agreed to, the country would be re. lieved of certaia tares: It was a fair bargain i t , to the country. At the time of proposing it, there was a probability that the war might be finished in trine or ten months ; but cause th be was in the plan the p ossi b le calculation that therewar e might have lasted a notribe,r of years, the Right Honour. 'able the Chancellor of the Exchequer and his friends chose to take up only this part of the plan, and upon' it he attempted to found his argument. He was not. indeed aware that the Right Honourable Gentleman had plans of finance laid by, to which he might re fer as his convenience suited, under tfie different head s of his own plan, without regard to connectionor, con sisteney—(Hear, hear.) He would venture to say, that there were not in the House three men who un derstood what the Right Hononrable Gentleman has this night been speaking about (a laugh), nor as many who understood the plan which the Right Honour able Gentleman had brought forward in 1813, and by which the war was carried into the Sinking Fund. (Hear,heer.) A s to t h e measure now proposed, by Web the Property Tax w as to be continued, the. country said it would be a breach of faith. But on Ithis the Noble Lord turned round and said that if it nnis a breach of faith, another plan had been ap. proved of by the House under a former 4 Administra p ion which, a l t h ough the country had been so bra. 1 tally dull as not to understand it, would have been a much More flagrant breach of faith. The Nob Lord, however, did not me re l y conf i ne himself to thisle, but took occasion at the same time to VOllt a good deal of abuse against the or form e d Gentlemen who s u pp orted a part of Lord Grenville's Administra tion. Now if he were one of the Noble Lord's pc/U -tical followers, be certainly would feel rather alarmed' at the way in which the Commander found it neoes. sary to carry ore the war. Indeed, the friends of the Noble Lord seemed to feel little at their ease since the new mode of tactics had been adopted, for when the Noble Lord and his colleagues began to throw glass bottles and stink-Pots, it chewed that they were reduced to such extremity as to be near a •cdpitala- • tion—(Londlavrlter, * awl Hear, hear.) I n ohm it seemed th..t those Honoutable Gentlensen who were on his sid e of the House were not to trouble them selves to recollect whet had passed, but were merely to turn to the luminaries mon the o t h er s i de of -the Mr. House t o overcoe all diffi culties. HUSKISNON explained. The discussion of the plan of 1807 had been commenced b friends. Th ey had been chaJlenged to examine it from the other side of the House. Mr. FITZGERALD.--This Right Han. Gen (Ctleman (;slr. Tierney) had accused the Noble Lord astlereagh) of unfairly cased the House by the discustiatis into which he entered, in consequence of the attacks from the opposite side. This was quite a new complaint from that quarter. There were Gentlemen in the House who had heard the Noble Le -,rd, almost by name. attaeked most bitterly only a few nights ago, for not having made any reply to the arguments or rather the invectives, which had' been soli berali t y poured forth from the other side of the House; and now the complaint was, because they had been satisfactorily answered (Hese, /sear.) if the Petitions accused Government of being about to break faith with the people, and if the Right Hon. Gentle. roan, perhaps for the tenth time, preferred the same accusation, he was prepared to deny it ; rlte contrary had already been proved (Rear, hear.) With respect to the plan of finairce proposed by Lord Henry Petty, the Right Hot,. Gentleman said, that there had not been three persons in the House who understood it—. (Criss e no, tro,)--who now understood that plan. l'he Hutp.e was certainly obliged to the Right Hon. Gentleman for his assertion, th,it it did not under stand that plan on which a loan had been made, on which the war had been carried on and the tvar taxes continued, and by which public credit had been sup ported. But the Right Hon. Gentleman had gone much f:rther when he asserted, that when the plan had been proposed, the war could not have been ex pected to continue above nine months—(ffear.)— This then was the sagacious expectation entertained by those who framed this plan, from the expenditure ot thirty-two millions- -from that system of w i se Jibe. talky which t h e crisis of Prussia made the m a ff ord to that Power a loan of eighty thousand pounds ?....- (Hear, hear.)—But he would do them the justice Co say that this was not their ex the contem plated the continuance of the war for fourteen a and they expressly stated, that after the termin a ti on' of that period the nation might expect to be. relieved of eleven millions of taxes; and the statement was. , then in these words, " and the public would then be relieved from suaryy the whole of the Property Tax." (Hear, hear.)—lie now called upon the Right lion. Gentleman and his friends to support the tax now on the same principle on which it had been laid on. Mr. WYNNE stated, that the .time whe petty Tn the P ax was t o b e taken off was expressly fixed fro- or the expir at i on of the present Act. Mr. BARING thought that the question, lather w or not f a ith h id been broken towards the people by any former measure, was not ;tow the question before the House. It was perfectly competent for Parlia ment to pledge the Property Tax ; in fact, it had been pledged by hfr. Pitt. Nu man doubted that the tax migh t not be pledged ; but all that he n•:,-. contended was that it was not now pledged.—(Hear, hear.)—lt' was not mortgaged, it was not pledged ; thereto, e there was now no reason for continuing it. This was the whole extent of the quesii -n. The Petition was tieu brought up, read, and or dered to lie on the tahle. Mr BARING postponed till to-morrow week his motion relative to the late tr insact;ons in Ceylon. On the Motion of Mr. BA kIN G the following papers w , re oruered to be laid before the House : A copy of printed questions put by the Commis sioners for the Income lax in the City of London, add required by them to be answered by such indivi duals as appealed against the rate at which they were called upon to pay the Tax. —Also Copies of any Correspondence between the Board of Commissioners for this Tax, and auy mercantile houses in the ents City, relative to consignm made to t h em of colonial produce. . • COMUITTES OF SUPPLY. Mr. CA LCRAFT having moved the Order of the Day for this Committee ; on the motion that the Speaker should leave the Chair, Mr. LAMBTON wished to ask a question relative to,the Chairman of the Committees of the Brog }Luse (Mr. on den), wh o h ad been absent a former evenin g when it was hi s duty to attend as well as now —yet his place had been occupied by another Honourable Member. The Honourable Gentleman whose ab wee he noticed, received a large salary as Chairman of the Committees of the House, and it wag therefore his duty to attend. H e asked the Noble Lord whether he could gravely state to the House, t h at the absence of the Honourable Member was occasioned by indis position ? This question was not noticed. The question that the Smu= shonkl now leave the Chair was then put and carried. The Chair was then taken by Mr. Osaonza, amid cries from the Opposition Benches for Mr. &OGDEN. ARMY ASTIMATE& Mr. OSBORNE having put the question .on the first Resolution, that a number of land forces should be maintained for the .ensuing yeAr, not elcceedi 176,000 men, -on which th e d e b ate bad been ad ng journed-- Mr. o&T rose. As he had moved the adjournment f the debate on the former evening, he considered that he was pledged to take this first op portunity of stating his senoments nponthe question. He thovgbt the establishment proposed was more extravagant than the cireurnstancesof the country required, and objectionable, as increasing the influence of the Crown to an undue extent. In what be had to offer to the House npon the questiod, be wowed first address himself to the details of the Estimates before the House. .Hecould not go along with some of his Honourable Friends in the extent of the ',lac. tions which he thought might he made • nor could he understand those Honourable Gentlemen on the other side of the House, who said that the present was not the real Peace Establishnient. as Treaties could go, we were now in a slate offcorn. plete security.—[The Houourable.Gentle•uan then went through the Estimates, discussing each item. and the following is the abstract of reductions which he proposed on ( in cluding Hors e a n d Foot In the H ousehold Troops guards) he proposed a reduction of about 4090 au= :-.1,n the Dragoons, • I inclnditsg both the eitahNhnient of Great Britain and Ireliiiid, he thought ~b „it 600 , 1 men might be dispensed with This was, in the Home estahled:. went, a reduction to the extent of 10,000 mn. i s w the g it riions for depots, arsenal s , an d dock yard, he thought that this was a servi ce for whe-h the Conceived h e and Artille r y were adequat e . H e that 300 0 men was quite a sufficient number for garrisoning Gibraltar. On the whole of that branch of the Colonial tstablishment, inelud, ! A ra, Gibraltar and the lonien ldends, there might be a* reduction of SOO° men. In the West In Iblands, there might be a reduction of betwee n 400 tut' 5000 men. He theught 2000 men, insteed of 3000, would be quite su ffi cient at the Cape of Goo,: Hape. At Ceylon, from the information whice he had. - been able to obtain, 500 men would be enetteh.-- For the Mauritius, 1400 would be suffieeot. From the whole 99,000 men, proposed for the hame station 6 , e wished 23,000 to be dedurted.v. and the colonie In talking of the h emy in France, he would with to ask one qirestion. He saw no mention of any Regi. went of Guards in the list of troops to remain in tha t country. although there were at present several regi ments .f that corps stationed there [Lord Ca s reaeh said across elle table that those regi tients of Guards now ia France were to come home 3 The Honoutable Gentleman thanked the N b:e 1,- , rd for the information. Looking at the home establishmeot, he found SS General °dicers for F.ngland and 22 for Ireland. Surely there was no necessity for such a idernumber. The next branch that came under cousf. , ation was the public departments. Upon these ;several departments put tegether, a considerable sum might be saved. He bestowed high praises an the halt,of the Chelsea and Kilmainham lie-pi 'tat:, with a view to the benefit of the country, and the reward of its defenders. As to foreig 11 troops, he saw no necessity for our having any of them in our pay, during peace. The Local Militia might be en. tirely dispensed with, and the expense of the Military Colleges much reduced. He eulogized the Military Asylum, but thought that it ought now to be ma naged at• less expense. As to what had been said by an Honourable Friend of his that if the H: u se sent back the estimates, and prayed for new ones, the very same would be returned to them, he could not believe that it would be so. But if such a thing were to be done, the House would know how to sup. dicate such a disrespect towards a majority of its Members, and would seed ao Address, preying for the ditmissat of the Ministers who could advise se rash a measure. Mr. RO6E commenled the clear and temperate mode in which the Honourable Gentlemen bed wade his observations. He %reel.' net go into the general subject ; but he would say with referance to the Home and Irish Establis!;ment, that there never was a tame in whic!) the presence of a large miluery force was more necessary to the coliectie 1 of the revenue, eight millions of reeenue could nct he more ece.onmi. call), coil:cted than by the expendi:ore til; £140,000 in this manner. Adverting to the Island of Corti+, he contended that the possession of it %sets essential to the protection of our trade in the Mediterreneen, which might otherwise be destroyed with facility. 4 was evideet diet Bonaparte knew the velue of this place by the lerge garristes which he maintained in it.. With respect to the West Indi i Islands, it would be impo'dtic to rely on any assistance, which in the mot of attack, they might receive irons Catteila.— Each ought to have a force capable of de!en.fing it. He completely concurred with the lionotte.ble G en . rleman in his observations on ate our pensions a ll owed to brave veterans. They did great honour to the Y ; county and that honour was ,tot a little increased by the private subscriptions with which every News. paper was filled. Mr. S. WORTLEY compliment e d th e csndour with whi c h the objections to the v ar i ous Estimates had met b d been made. He trusted t h at that candour would jetty be y a correspondent feeling, and that his Ma. 's Goverment would not resist any suggestions, except those, a compliance with which might hazard the security of the possessions - that ought to be main. rained. He would first consider the force required by the Colonies, because he conceived, that With re ferenco to that forcelhe establishment at home ought to be fixed. la Canada he admitted th at the pro poposed to keg force could not be decreased. I t was good licy pon foot such a for,, there, as should prevent the probable success of an invasion of it from being a temptation to America to commence a new war. As to the West India Islands;considering that no power in Euro had a navy but Great Britain, whence could we ptpect an attack t The considera tion was, how much force was required beyond that necessary for the internal police of thoseklands ? On this subject, ordinary military authorities had little ' weight. The force necessary to take, and the force necessary to keep those islands, were two very dd. ferent questions. He thought the Noble Lord had overstated the force necessary for the latter purpose. Independently of the reduction of the etbiemnt, by the approaching restoration of Martinique and Guadeloupe, he thought that the numher or troops proposed to be employed in the West India station might bereduced by fifteen hundred men, With re gard to-the Mauritius and the aye, he did not think the proposed establishment necess try. First, as to the Cape, it would be recollected that from its situation it had once, with a regiment of 600 men. withstood the attack of from two t three thousand men, who had been sent against into It could not, therefore, be supposed Co require the /arge f orce of :000 men et • e onsider the present day. The Maur:tors certai n l y was a place bable importance, and some persons thought that it was even of more importance than the Cape; but in that place there could be very little danger of external attack. The only thing to be dreadild was from the inhabitants, and he -thouOtt that they could be kept in sufficient subjection by a force less than that which was now proposed. He should next come to the Mediterranean : the garrisons in its vicinity would, from tohtetilrers:fuaotulornp,:isieesrnsioontes ;exbpoutseidtatio h e did tack than any ,numberdid not think on the whole they required that great of men which, was now intended. As to Gib raker, which might be con•idet ed hi an enemy's court try, he did not think that 4040 men would Int too such But this not: could n t be exteeded to tne Lilian Idands, which in case of attack, miefit h e easily re. lieved by.troops from Malta. He neat adverted to the establishment proposed for Ireland ; and from,the unhappy situation of that country, he lid not think it could be considered as too much. The necessity of to uv Right Mr. WES'. t h e Ez. theNalitity, ~, Isly Per eftilex, exP, all it ""Ntid n con stances The e m4i loopy 'foul try sof. *State. l e had The'retitinn ger , 00 RIO that itai e I :qUalat Mr. LONG ;reel oar hating Rl', ' heals of the sg tron lately, that t L it tgreatest inj t of d ugh he m W *ion ditier en tPerie, nee, and 6so of a Righ t Fa ve it tetertained e NhiCe :111600, yet h e 1141 nal conduct en' Po▪ se the q uest i er °it the Right if t kErchequer) reel litigate, but he a no foetal prejudice as to rend Ike, under an Cyld never be • much disc s. a War Tar, he felt it due to h ir be had forme( NelteS that migl • , and be 6albt Ron. Ge nt l er -Min rs lig , 11. its Dr I. ". 1 I I I I I , . i • 1 1 i . ; ~ , i ,/ ,1 11 r !) 1 ii I : . , . i i - . . . • i 1 • ~ . f . 1. iII 1 I t f i I 1 f ,f. 1 . i i f