The Press. — London, England, 1856-10-11 00:00:00

OcTonrn 11, 1856 the present situation is created only by temporary causes, and does not authorise fear. The monthly account of the Bank of France was publshed on Thursday. The results are important. Under the head of coin and bullion there is a decrease of no less than 69,332,5451. The Treasury account is about 17,000,0001. less than last month. The ad vances on Government Securities have decreased by 2,353,450 f. With respect to the Neapolitan question, beyond mere rumour, nothing definite has transpired. The tone of the circular of Prince Gortscbakoff has been generally condemned by the French press. Admiral Trehouart is yet in Paris, waiting orders. The Emperor reviewed the Imperial Guard on Wednesday. The Empress and Imperial Prince were present. The Emperor was on horseback. Prince Napoleon has returned from his North Sea cruise. A certain undercurrent of excitement exists among the working classes of Paris against their landlords. Placards are constantly posted up with the words, " Tqe son proprietaire ; je tuerai le mien," and other menacing recommendations. Several arrests have in consequence taken place. A deputa tion of ouvriers have had an interview with the Em peror this week, upon the subject of high rents and dear bread. AUSTRIA. Le Nord of the oth calls attention to a statement by its Vienna correspondent, upon "high authority," that the Austrian Government, immediately upon the publication of Prince Gortschakoff's circular, ad dressed an "energetic note" to Paris, calling upon the French Government not to permit itself to be seduced by England into employing menacing measures against Naples, but to limit its action to amicable representations without trenching upon the sovereign rights of the King. The French Government, it is further asserted, has given by telegraph such reassuring explana tions as tend to remove all apprehension of a naval expedition. Baron Mohrenbeim arrived on the Ist from St. Petersburg with important despatches for the Aus trian Cabinet. The result of General Martini's mission was eagerly anticipated at Vienna. General Martini, besides the official note for the Cabinet of Vienna, is the bearer of an autograph letter from the King. M. Hubner, who returned from Naples on the 2nd, is at present preparing himself for the discussion of those questions to be brought before the approaching Conference at Paris. A letter from Vienna, in the Weser Gazette, speaking of the coming " adjourned meeting " of the Congress of Paris, intimates that Austrian views as to the principalities and Montenegro will have a majority in the congress. It adds : BAs to the Neapolitan affair, it is hoped that the King will consent to send a plenipotentiary to the conferences iu Paris, or to a special congress which will afterwards take place, and which will settle the Italian question and the Greek question. It is wished to give in this way a pacific turn to this difficulty and to postpone (meitre de cOte), in a manner equally honourable for all parties, the demands of the Western powers. The German papers this week generally dwell on the community of views and feelings subsisting between Russia and Austria on the affairs of Naples. The visit of the Emperor and Empress to Lom bardy has beep postpued from the beginning to the end of November. Field•blarshal Leiningen died at Cracow on the Ist instant. RUSSIA. Le Nord announces that the Emperor and Empress proceeded to Toula, not to Kiew, from Moscow, and would make their solemn entry into St. Petersburg cm the 9th. The Empress Mother reached Warsaw on the Ist, and passed through Breslau, en route to Dresden, on the 3rd inst. Typhus fever had broken out with great severity at Moscow. Several eminent personages have been attacked, and the Metropolitan of Moscuw had died, The census of Russia, taken at the Emperor's accession, is published in the Moniteur de l'Armee. The total number of the population amounts to 63,000,000. At the accession of the Emperor Nicholas the census then taken only gave a popula tion of 51,000,000. This large increase in the space of thirty years may, however, be readily understood when it is considered that the Russian territory has now an extent of 22,000,000 of square kilometres (a kilometre is five-eighths of a mile), and a length of coast of 27,000 kilometres. If the population continues to increase in the same proportion it will 1900 amount to 100,000,000. The Russian empire, according to the same document, contains 112 dif ferent peoples, divided into twelve principal races, the most numerous of which is the Sclavonian, including the Russians properly so called, the Poles, the Cossacks, and the Servian colonies of the Dnieper. These populations inhabit the finest and the most important provinces of the empire. THE PRESS. With respect to the Neapolitan question, Le Nord announces as a rumour from Berlin that Russia hatl demanded the immediate convocation of the second congress at Paris, and that France had agreed to the proposal. A letter from Berlin of the 2nd, in the German Journal of Frankfort, says : There is a talk in diplomatic circles of a second and more recent Russian note on the Neapolitan question. It will be addressed to the French Government, and is said to have been written under the impression of the accounts from Paris which announced the departure of the ultimatum and the demonstration of the squadrons. It is said that this note sums itself up in a positive protest against a pro ceeding which, if once admitted, may in its consequences overthrow all the political and international law of Europe. _ . _ SPAIN. General Narvaez and M. Gonzales Bravo have ar rived at Madrid. A royal decree, anticipating the delivery of the Duchess of Montpensier, has conferred the preroga tive of Infante of Spain upon the child. The Madrid correspondent of the Indhpendance Beige writes that the Emperor Napoleon has addressed " an autograph letter of eight pages, full of serious advice, to Queen Isabella," which it is said on the same authority was replied to by the Queen in becoming terms of gratitude. TURKEY AND THE PRINCIPALITIES. According to information received in Paris, the return of the Ottoman forces to Wallachia has coin• cided with the occupation of Galatz by an Austrian force of 3,000 men. Prince Schwarzeuberg, the Governor of Transylvania, was at Galatz on the 27th ult., and left in the evening for Jassy. The Journal de Constantinople of the 29th Sep tember, alluding to the Bolgrad and Isle of Serpents difficulties, observes : It is known that the question of the isle of Serpents, as also that of Bolgrad, far from being adjusted, takes every day a graver form,the difficulties raised by the Court of Russia being contrary to the spirit and the letter of the treaty of Paris of March 30. We believe that we are thoroughly well informed when we state, that in consequence of telegraphic despatches received the day before yesterday, the English division, under the command of Admiral Lyons, at present. an• chorea at Buyukdere, has received orders to return to the Black Sea. The admiral himself, on board his vessel, the Royal Albert, has not yet left his anchorage, but several frigates, corvettes, and steam gunboats are preparing to depart. A French squadron it was reported was also ordered to co-operate with the Brit►sh fleet. An Austrian squadron was also expected at Con stantinople. Le Nord this week publishes a diplomatic note from nista Pacha upon the question of the annexa tion to Moldavia of the isles of the Danube, and addressed to the representatives of the Porte at the different Courts. The Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs sets out with the assertion that as the isles at the mouth of the Danube never formed part of Bessarabia, but were always subject to a special regime settled by the treaty of Adrianople, it is clear that they cannot be included in that part of Bessarabia now restored by Russia to Turkey, and annexed to Moldavia. " Article 20 of the treaty of Paris," observes Fuad Paella— fixes the new frontier between the Ottoman empire and Russia. Art. '2l says that " the territory ceded by Russia shall be annexed to the principality of Moldavia, for the suzerainty of the Sublime Porte." The spirit of this last article makes it easy to comprehend that the annexation to Moldavia of the territory ceded by Russia applies only to Bessarabia, and not to the islands in the embouchure. If the contracting powers desired to give the islands to the Moldavian principality, the treaty should have so ex pressed it in an express clause. The declaration of our plenipotentiaries at the Paris Conference, embodied in the protocol without any obser vation on he part of the congress, confirms the return of the mouths of the Danube to the direct ownership of Turkey. It promises the discharge of a duty in return for a right recovered. The condition in which the islands at the mouth now are, the spirit of the treaty itself, and this declaration of taking possession—a declaration accepted by the congress —will be evidence of the intentions of our allies as to the future condition of the mouths of the Danube. In stipu lath% for the restitution of Bessarabia to Moldavia, they undoubtedly had no intention of wronging Turkey by de priving her of what rightfully returned to her, to unite it to a province having no claim to it. Our august allies must have recollected the blood shed at Oltenitza, lialatat, and Silistria. • The abject aimed at by l•:urone in stipulating for the restitution of the mouths of the Danube was the freedom of that river. It is plainly evident that the best means of attaining that object is to place them again in the hands of their legitimate proprietor. The Paris Union thus remarks on the diplomatic note : The Sublime Porte claims the ownership of the isles on the mouth of the Danube. Doe. 4 she claim them from Russia! No—bat from Moldavia. The Porte may be perfectly in the right, but the claim is not the less singular. Has it not been decided and drawn up that 965 Moldavia thrms en integre& poet of the Tarkish territory ? Does not the Divan understand that the Sultan is sove reign, nut protector, of the Danubian principalities? This is in truth a strange claim, and the more so from the fact of the isles being deserted and not capable of being inhabited. The Corriere Italian of Vienna, of the sth, says : new treaty of commerce, the draft of which has been drawn up by M. de Prokesch Osten, is about to he con chided between the Porte and Austria ; and we learn that the principal basis of it is a diminution, and eventually a suppression, of the duties imposed by Turkey on the ex port of goods by the Austrian frontiers, and the grant of extraordinary facilities for the importation of Austrian pro ductions into the Ottoman empire. The dissension between the French Ambassador and the Turkish Government, with reference to the privilege granted to Captain Magne and the naviga tion of the Sereth and the Pruth, is said to be entirely settled. Austria at last listened to reason, and the revocation of the privilege has been again set aside. GREECE. The Greek Government has received a joint com munication from Mr. Wyse and M. Mercier, respect ing the conduct of Admiral Bouet de Willaumez on the recent events at the Pineus and the Commandant de Place there. Both Governments have expressed, through their Ministers, their entire approbation ot the manner in which Admiral Bouet has acted. Mr. Wyse and M. Mercier have also presented a joint protest against the distribution of the national property which the Government was about to bestow on its own partisans. Mr. Wyse, has, moreover, protested, in the name of the English subjects who in 1424 and 1825 lent money to the Provisional Go vernment of Greece (namely, 2,800,000/.) on the security of the national property, and which money was applied to the cause of national independence. This gives liberty to England to act alone without the co-operation of the other two powers. King Otho has adjourned the period of his return to Greece. AMERICA. Intelligence from New York to the 27th brings news of an engagement between Governor Geary in Kansas and the free•soilers. The result was not clearly known. The election of Fremont was con sidered more certain every day. The result of the October election in Pennsylvania was eagerly anti cipated. An immense and influential political meeting was held at New York on the 27th ult. Upwards of 25,000 persons were present. The Speaker of the House of Representatives addressed the audience on the topics of the day with the view of showing that the Republican party is the Conservative party, and entitled to the confidence of merchants. We give the main points of his speech elsewhere. The report of Mr. Corwine upon the affair of the 15th of April at the Isthmus of Panama suggests the occupation of the entire isthmus from ocean to ocean of the United States, " as the best practicable mode to insure safety and tranquillity to the transit," unless, adds Mr. Corwine, New Granada, after the proper representations shall have been made, and the necessary demand made upon. her in pursuance of treaty stipulations, can satiafy us as to her ability and inclination to afford the proper protection and make speedy and ample atonement for the wows in flicted upon our countrymen by the people and official* of the State of Panama. The burning of a steamer on Lake Michigan had been attended with the loss of some sixty lives. FOREIGN MISCELLANEA. M. Louts Bt sec has replied to the article in the lloniteur of last week, and denies that any of his charges against the Imperial Government are replied to, and reasserts that the political prisoners at Cayenne are overworked and in a pestilential climate. He also asserts that secret transportation is still going on : As regards the fact of the political prisoners living side by side with ordinary criminals, the Moniteur states that there is in Guiana a whole class of common felons, who had nothing to do with politics ; these were " occasionally located on one and the same island with the political prisoners, but never beneath one and the same roof." This assertion may be true, but it is quite irrelevant and uncalled for. It has never been asserted that the class of those who are merely common convicts and the other class are herded together in Guiana. The question is, whether in the political class itself men of honour do not live side by side with liberated galley-slaves, whom, in the dark con fusion of the coup-d'etat, it was thought fit by the military commissions to condemn, on a pretence of plots or risings, so as to degrade the rest by their contact. If we are to believe the Monilcur, such would be the case, for it says : " Even among these—the political prisoners favoured with the indulgence of the Emperor—there were many whose antecedents, in a criminal point of view, were deplorable. Their descriptions swarm with statements that would have justified the classification of them either with old offenders previously discharged or with convicts." The Moniteur is glad to call to mind that among these deported to Cayenne many have been condemned by the Republic itself. In the first place, by the word " many " the Moni tear means some nineteen or twenty. Seoundly,—the Re•