Star. — London, England, 1816-02-03 00:00:00

, • .r • . \ • I • •.• iterz PAPBR. • couirkirno se. EttIIEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND , 1 AUSTRIA. . MIND AT P 411.114 2D 4OnosT. 11115. In the Name of di* Most Holy and Undivided Tatter-tr. Napoleon BOnipart• being in the power of the Allied soves reigns, their Majesties the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, she Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of Rrtgiia, and the King of Prussia; have agreed. In virtue of the stipulations of the Treaty of the 25th of March, 1815, upon the mea,nrest Moat proper to render all enterprise impossible, on his part, titlingt the repose of Europe. [Chen follow the names of the Plenipotenthwies.) Art, I. Napoleon Bonaparte is considered by the Potwers who Save signed the Treaty of the 25th March last, as their prisoner. Art. 11. 14;P custody is especially entrusted to the British Go , Vernment. The choice of the picce, and of the measures wbich ten best recurt the oliect of the present stipulation, are reserved to liis Britannl.: Art. I:L 'I br In,per!al Courts of .Austria and of Russia, and file Royal Ct. aft of Prussia; are to appoint Commissioners to pr6ctsed to, aid abide at the place to whicb the Government of his. Isrizeunich "Aiaji.uy shall have assigned for the residence of Thsslolecm Bonaparte, and who, without being respousible for his cut..otly, will assitre themselv es: of his presence. Art, iV. I I±s Most Christian Majesty is to be invited,. in the none of *ht four abfree• mentioned Courts, to send, In like man met ' a French Cununinioner to the place of detention of Napo-' Iron Bonaparte. Art. V. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland binds himself to fulhi the engagements which (all to him by the present Coneentien. Art. I. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ra tifications shall ha exchanged within fifteen days, or sooner, if possible. lu faith whereof, the respect'''. Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention, and bare agmed thereto the seals 'rif their arms. Done as Paris, the !d August, in the year of our Lord 1515. (Signed) (e l «fcd) (LA) CASITLIRtAGII. (1..5.) The Prince of May. (L.S.) WILLMOfOIII. TteNICIL. [militias Conventions with Russia and Prussia.j PAR Lhig.ENTAR r PROCEEDINGS. • HOUSE OP LORDS, FPBRIIARY 4. A Meettti toCe place at three o'clock, and atter Prayers (by the Bishop ot GLOVC EST cm) were read, The 'sari of Bit , Anroin ( kte Baron Bradford) was introduced in the usual form, sworn, and tuuk bis seat. Ms Lordship's sup porter* were the Lards of Shalesbury and Verulam. SeVeral Petitions for the introduction of Appeals were pre sented; and divers orders made with respect to pending judicial business. 'I he Log 0 cii AINCP.LOR intimated his intentlen to sit en 'Wednesday next, for the hearing 9f Cau ies, at ten o'clock.. Me, nto.t, !rum the Commiitioners for the Reduction of the 'National t.sebt, presented at the Bar the Accounts of the same for the , itAr ending the sth of January last ; and also an account of Stock transferred to the said Commissioners, f.r the purchase of Life Amiuhle4 tion.Tanuary 5, IflOtt * to the ith Jan. 1816.- 13.e -I ac;:inints were ordered tq lie en the Earl PATUURS'i' laid upon the ti t bit., by command of his litts7Al H 41iness the Prince Regent, a variety cf do:ument4 and parrs r lathe to • the Negotiations at the Conpresa of Vienna, stadia* a copy of the live freaties of Pease with France. _ . The eats of the papers, which writ numerous, being resi, lad IIATtitIRST proposed, ?liar as pril.ird cvies of the Treries were now ready :''or dr•isery to their Lordships, tt.e same shoukt I;.e tekci into ceinsiderwliso on T:iursd.ty st'n;i4hr, and mcved ;hat the Lords he stimrsiii,wd for that day, w!eich was ordered tucordierey.--Adjourned till Monday. HOUSE OF COMMONI • isslo for the wisdom' of Pailitutelit to Menem / whether or not it should be abolished. This, how ever,• was a question which he could not but think it premature to discuss, and on which his own mind was by no means made up, .As to the Sinking Fund, he wished in the present year to give it an operation to its fullest extent, and even to continue this operatihn.as long as the public credit might .appear to require it, according to the principle of the Act of 1798, on the faith of which the Public Creditor advanced his money to Government. — From this be hid • not the least wish to depart. ee -1 Icept on such grounds as should make it equally bene ficial to the creditor. The Act of 1815, which he had the honour to pr opose to the House, was found ed on this principle ; but it contained no provision relative to a state of peace. How far it could be adapted to such a state, would be for the wisdom of Parliament to consider ; but he disclaimed any in tention of proposing any thing respecting , the Sink ing F d. b und, which could at all prejudicial to the Public Creditor. Mr. BARING replied, that he did not doubt the faith cf the Right Honourable Gentleman, in not in- tending to touch the Sinking Fund, to the injury of the Public Creditor, but he was desirous to know whether his notion of the Peace Establishment that ' would be necessary, was such as would enable him to apply the whole of this Fund to the purpose for which it was originally intended—that of the extinc tion of the Public Debt ? t 'Mr. BROUGHAM wished to know whether it was intended to modify the Income Tax in a parti cular degree, as far as it affected the cultivator of land, and his horses employed in agriculture ? The CHANCELLOR. of the EXCHEQUER repeated, that the state of the agricultural com ' munity, must speedily call for the serious astentiou of the House. Lord CASTLEREAGH moved that the Orders of the Day on Mondays and Wridays should take precedence.and be disposed of before other- business . (the usual motion at the commencement of the Ses sion-).—Agreed to. Respecting Private Bills, it was ordered that no Petitions he received alter the 16th of the present month ; that no Private Bills be read a first time after the .5 ft cf March ; and no Report received after the 16th of May. ' • Mr. W. SMI'I'II expressed his intention of bring ing before the House, at an 'early day, a question, respecting the Exchequer granting Extents in aid, .for the recovery of private c!ebt.s. It was known that Extents were granted in ell cases where the per `son wait the debtr , r of the Crown. He had been in. : fored, that and rvitl were frequently made that the .parties were debtors.of the Crown, the object of which was to secure a privr.te debt ; a practice which had very much iocreared, to the detriment of the subjeei. Mr. HORNER wished to know, whit was the Noble Lord's invention concerning the discussion of the contents of the Treaties, which he had just laid before the 11onse? From the way in which the mo tion had been framed, it would appear, that it was his irtettdon to mix up the discussion an these Trea. tic„ with that of 'the NegOciations which had taken rlace at Vienna. Lord CASTLEREAGH assured the Honourable Gentleman. that his object was, on that day, to en tertain a discussion on the arrangements that took place on the termir,ation of the law war. A Peti!laa teas presented from the Sramrn of North Shields Intl its vien.ity, staring, nut having beets dismissed from hi; Majesty's N.ivy, they were totally des:kite of employment, and prayilig On r 4 riing the Petiat'll, It was. observed by the Seem's', that it c:intaitied 1.0 signa:unts. In consequence of this estrum-. die say oversight,. it etitcd not be received. Mr. BROUGHAM gave ttwice, that be should, at an early d.,y, move on Address to the Prince Regent, reativeeo the late trnisJetroos in Spain. sir Pl. RC:MILAN gave notice of $ motion for IN,"eJtiesday next, for nig:v.l4 Freehold Estaies liable to the payment c the Ci.r.tt act Debts of the owners. 'I he CIIANCEI.I.OR of the EXCHEQUER' moved for the revival of. rin; usual Standing Cornitilttee., relauve to Trade, Ste. kion, P. is iss,,s- Laws, acs —Agreed to. Sir S. kOMILLY moved an Address for the Papers ordered last 3r,slon, rclative to the Affslr of, Governor Ainstie..... Agreed to. Mr. LYNNETT asked if any thing bad been done in confor mity to the Report at last Seulon. relative to the State 01 the l'r:vntt of .he Metropolis; and particularly poncerr.iog the Ma nn, men' of the King's Bench Pr•r,e. t Mr. H. ADDING FON, io answer, said, that rue attention had ben paid to tie subject, as far as it interfered %rah the duties of the Herne Department. Recp.cting the King's Bench Preoti it was distinctly lest to the intic.es either to investigate the sitt!jec thsnis , :lves, or to aopoint g Lonunissitin for the pur pose. I hit had thought the latter mode to be IllObt proper and convenient. Mr. GR ENFELL gave notice of a motion for Tuesilay next, relative to I:a.k Notes, to the same purport as his motion of List bession Serjiart OnSLOW gave notice of a motion for the 20th inst. relative to the! genera! enr;gistrir.g of Deeds. the CHAN Chl.l.olt of the LXCHEQULR said 1 . ,e should ttke an early opportunity of moving for a Committee to consider what ieconuroda.ient could be afforded to his Honour the Vice- Chane-dor. iu teeprct to a proper room and the accommodations tot conducing business ut his department. Unit CA3 ILEALAGH pi meted Copies of various Treaties between Great Britain and the Continental Powers.—Ordered to lie on dot tAiie. His LorlsiOp then gave notice, that on se'to.ight be thbUld IlloVe that these Papers lke taken into pohmileration. A DDR ESS. PROPERTY TAY. Mr. BARING said he wished to put a few quell lkies to the Right Honourable Gentleman opposite, founded on the ooservations he had mane on the pre. xedinn evening, relative to his intention of continu irig the Prop6ty Tax, as it was a subject that had excited the greatest sunsatian. The first question he Add ask w.iv, whether the 1.1.. e intcaded to be re. *Awed salts merely fur a modifieation of the tax ? ant' alms, 'whether the powers of the Commissioners were to be Continued or not, in the same degree as they exist at present ? Also, whether the continuance of the tax was intended merely as a temporary mea sure, or to-be a permane . nt s , ,urce of supply ? Tire, second question was, whethis by saying that the Sinking Fond was not to be eLcroach.ld upon, it was intend.-:d to leave it operatic,: as usual, wholly for the reduction of the National Debt, and the benefit of the Public? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said, that the ilonourahlo Gentleman 'ha put his (locations in so clear and candid a manner, that he feat much pleasuye iu giving him all possibl e explana. tion. With respect to the intention of Government concerning the Property Tax, he thought he allpald . be very soon' pre pared to jay before the HOupe a proposition founded dh the basis of the present Act, but not distinctly the same in all its provisions. His great object had been to produce such a modification as, while it fell with less {orce upon all classes, should not exempt any one width l.zd the ability, from paying their pioportion. respect to the con tinuationof the Tax, his intention was only to sub soil it as a War Tali, or one necessary for winding up the expenses of . the contest ; in which view it Tright be found necessary to continue it during two three years, -et the end of which One it might . • . J •.. Y t . . Mr. METHUEN brought up the Report of the AJdresq, and moved that it should be reid. I`..!r. BARING thought .t was a subkct of very great re ref, that Ministers should have thought proper to advise so long a prorogation of Parlia ment, at a time when the distress of the country was unexampled-'-when it was labouring in every branch of its inhlustry. Whether a remedy could Of could not be afforded, it was at least not very becoming in his Majesty's Ministers to prorogue Parliament as they had dune. In the Speech from the Throne there was contained a statement respecting the pros. perous condition of our commerce and manui actures. He was sorry to see that this statement should also have been introduced into the Address, and re-echoed to the Throne. The distress, as far as related to agriculture, was indeed admitted in the Speech ; but that distress was also extreme with regard to com merce and manufactures. Every person at all ac quaintJd with the state of the country, knew that not only the home trade, but every branch of the external trade, was at present suffering under a de pression to an extent which in his lite he had never before witnessed. He did not mean to impute blame to Ministers on this account,—to say that this did not arise necessarily out et the peculiar circumstan ces of the country,—or that there was a remcny foe the evil ; Inn in such a state of the country it was unexainplcd to leave Parliament so long prorogued ; and it was an insult to the feelings of the; country to state from the Throne this account of our prosperity, which would certainly indeed fill most people with suiprize. He Wished to say a word with respect to the nature of Treasury evidence of prosperity. This W 43 the returns of exports; and he would state the occasion of our increased exports. The exports to America having been stopped during the war with ' that country, seven years' goods which had been col lected for exportation were at once sent out ; and l i this was the cause of the last yen's increased ex porvation. He was sorry to add of this trade, that it was one of very considerable . loss. They ought rather to calculate on the loss of the country from the amount of exports than the profit. But in every case the accumlation of goods gave, occasion to the increased exports. With respect to oar finances, he should be glad it the predictions of the Right Ho nOurable Gentleman were to be found right, and if the country were to chew the extraordinary pheno menon, that with the property of the country so re duced as it had been during the last twelve months, and"with the incomes of those persons so teduced who werpthe consumers of the excisable and taxed arti. cles, the revenue should still increase. But there could be no doubt, if the revenue was the same as formerly, it was because people did not all at once limit their expenditure to whit was the amount of their: incomes. With resliect bitirg Assessed Taxes,' for instance, it was neceirarry tb give a considerabke notice before any redaction in the taxation Could take plate. Many persons were not aware of this, inid tound at the time when they expected a "reduction, that thei bad yet to give notice of the reduction. He 'shotdd be sorry if the prediction shotild turn Out I PRIfNCII PAPERS. NUAitY st7.e, that ti e Mate, omit, Sat tads was a very Minim made of' esti swing the prosperity of the country. There was oes part of the Speech which occupied a larger ion of it, and of the speeches i of those Gentle- It is not tr,ue.PaAsasiosm'e lA persons men who supported the Address, than the import- of Wellington has set out. lice of the subject would seem to deserve, and he There has arrived at Venice a ship f renn e n ., could not avoid noticing it.—This was the transac- i ti thenople, with the news that tl.e Divan him o'ruA Lion respecting the Island of Ceylon, which on the 1 levy of an European corps. coropn se d of alit " serters which arrive from foreign c:-ent r i es. termination of a great war bad been extended to our 1 possessions. The accounts of this seemed to be ra! Much is said in public of the *nests at LIVI L ceived with quite as much acel.trnation as those of 1 One of rise prisoners is a seriear.t ; a clue wa s 0 ‘ 6 . -- the battle of Waterloo. It was impossible to avoid 'by the answer to one of the Erg interrogatoti ei w y noticing this ; and the circumstance was new more led to the arr 4: of several Frrsons. Who ap p particularly remarkable from the manner-in which it have held councils. N o P"'"e "tarns tail' vet ! had been recommended to them, and also from the formed of the ulterior designs of the factiou s . 1.,`, warmth with which this country had been last eight were absolutely destitute sit t'i: means of a ct i„ 7 eulogized as 44 the rallying point of lo.ritimacy." r> i t The police, which has arpcstei four persons -.." . . might be right to see liow - fa - r the other transactions of his Majesty's Government bad It tendency to de prive him of thathrilliant title, which he supposed was to be in future added to that of Defender of the Faith—(Laugh)—A war had • been declared and a King deposed—a King whose titles were at least as long as those of any European Monarch. The Pro. claim:ion of General Brownrig bore, that in conse quence of his violation of the chief duties of sove reignty, he had forfeited all right and tide to the same, and he was declared fallen and deposed. He supposed General Brownrig had received a lec ture from home for the presumption of calling Sove reign authority by the title of King. He was glad, however, to find something like Whig sentiments in persons appointed to situations of this description. He had no doubt that this King well deserved to be hurled from . his throne • but he should suppose that this act would prove ra ther injurious to our character of Champions. of Legitimacy. The above clause of deposition was fol)owed by rather an awkward clause, the declaring the kingdom in question to belong to the 'Sovereign of the United Empire. They had all, no doubt, heard of titles trumped up by Sovereigns to their nekhbours territories ; but he thought it would puzzle the most ingenious at malting up such titles to 'frame one for our Sovereign to this kingdom. Mr. Brownrig, the Governor, after t;epering ti.e King of Ceylon, ceclzred not. only the King deposed, 6 , but all his family arid relations, whether in the ascending, descend:Hg, or collateral line, for ever excluded from the succession." This seemed rather a great stretch of authority on the mart of the Governor, including them all in the crimes of this person. lie had not the smallest doubt of the enormii ies committed by the Sovereign in question ; Lut they were not, perhaps, of a more heinous nature than those committed by the nrni who had hven pl;.ced by this country on the throne of Spain—(Hear, hear.) But there was some thing more in the studious manner with which our chinos to the title of the rallyini point of legitimacy were trumpeted forth, than met the car. When it wa; considered that this had also heftn put in the pnblic prayer which had been sent all river the coun try, there maa -evidently be something more in it than sacs imagined. HoWever favour4bly etch a sen timent might be received in a certain quarter, he was convinced that throughout the country it met with the contempt which it deserved. He re:Jly could not sir why such a sentiment should ',se blaz , ,ned in this nianoer. To the people it could be of no use; it WAS only calculated to put into the minds of Princes that they should have a title to their Thrones, notwith standing the utmost extent of misconduct—it could only have a tendchcy to increase that unworthiness which Princes bat too often manifested.—(Hear.) Mr. hIA RRYAT was ready to a_tinit that distress had certainly prevailed, but it arose out of the pecu • liar circumstances of the times. ELIE he had also to state, that the distress which had been peculiarly lilt was confined to the exporting body, and not to the community at large. He admitted also that tempo rary distresses were necessarily great, and he hoped his Majesty's Ministers would take into consideration how speedy and effectual relief could be applied. He, on the whole, approved. of the Address. Mr. LOCKHART observed, if it were true that the distresses in other departments were only tem porary, it was not so with the age icultural interest. The agriculturists feint ever depend upon some sure price in proportion to the value of the commodity, and without any positive law they could have no ex pectatioa of the price to be obtained. His only hope was, that Ministers would take this subject into con 6:aeration. With respect to that part of the Address which recommended union, he knew of no dieunion except that which would keep one man from parti cipating in the ht.rthens of others. There were se veral taxes on agriculture, which must be repealed, for instance, the tax on malt, a tax which amounted to a prohibition, and prevented the poor hind from taking a drop of that beverage, which is necessary to invigorate his mind, and to refresh his body. In reviewing the taxes which press upon aAriculture, tithes called for attention, as the farmer buffered se verely, while the tithe-holder suffered nothing. In agriculture taxation had not the effect of raising prices as it had in other things, for a tax upon wine would not fall upon the merchant, but tipos The con sumer. If something was not speedily done, agri culture not only could not flourish, but its existence would be at stake. In saying these few words, be Was positive there never was' a time when tenants and landlords found themselves in greater distress.. The evil was not at its height, but at its commencement. The artificial currency of the country was one of the causes which produced the evil he described. Money lent to Government at a former time was not of the value of the present currency, which is now increased one half of its former value. Thus what is now laid in taxation ; is paid in double the value of money when the Loan Was contracted. It was necessary that the farmer should be put on a level with the tithe-bolder, and that the interests of agriculture should be proportioned to the interest of ftinded pro. petty. It was upon a principle like this the difficulty could be relieved, for our unity and security depend. ed upon a judicious and equalized state of taxation. The Report was then read and agreed to. • • ' Adjourned to Monday next. • LIST OF MINORITY ON MN. anslarr's AIMINDMINT ON THR ADDRESS. Atberley, A. • Hanbury, Was. Russell, Lord John Burrell, Hon. P. .Lambton lobo G. Smith. J. PBuidett, Sir P. Martin, H. Tavirtock, Marquis Olvendisb, Hon. H. Moore, P. Tierney, lit. Hots. G Cavendish, Hon. C. Mathew,M.Hoo.Gen. Townsbend, Lord J. Abrington, Lord Preston, ltd. Wilkins, Peter Gordon, Rt. Piggott; Sir A. Ha l m, Sir Rt. litomilitt, 'Sir S. Bennet, Her. H. G. 'Homer,' Pr. leanclilre, Lord beathcute, G. • early implicated, is occupied withthed of m etaiied affair, which appears a desperate project lence without strength. PARIS, JANUARY so. Yesterday, at seven in the everting, the D e b.. Welliagton was still at the Elysee Bourbon ; dotibtloss by mistake that a journal announc e d departure for Creamy ; hit ho will, as we as - flounced, s;.l out on an ea•ly day. k. The tv i t :w4c"h his i ti ich h l a e as d vt e il A l - bt l ied i e ; i t cl o a r tc y t o d l ,,e. B n is h : ee a d p aattetlote4.oromat h p i r s int il er iri o h f months imprisonment by the Correctional Tr went through four editions, under the adminie r. ; of M. Fouche. It was an edition published si kei , - change of Ministry, that was prosecuted b i k v - Tribunals. The Ex-Conventionalist Ramer (me of those voted for the death of the King) has set out tot many. tie carries with him a COISSid. - JALT su m ' LYONS, JANUARY 25. The individual arrested here some days stn' General Lavallee. 4t is not known wloadei net remain in custody here, or bd sent to Paris, be wall proceeding when he wits arrestel. GRENOBLE,•JANUARY 25. The Prefect of the Department of Platt has c „ formed the Functionaries under him, that the m ete of pretended conspiracies, put forth some clayli ke by malevolence and propagated Sy disqiiietude, if Without foundation, and that there is nothingtek s , BERLIN, JANUARY to. 1 The Fete of the Peace, of the Coronation, rad the Orders, which tike place on the be celebrated with much soh:mills). Prince Ll u d z , if his health permit, will arrive that day. sort-Carded by all the Princes of*his House, atm ceded by a Committee of the Orders, the Actin and the Officers of the Court, and accompaLied the Knights of the Orders of the Black Eagle, the Red Eagle, of Merit, the Cross of Iron, an,d John, will go in procession on foot from the P . • to the Church ef Dohm, and will return in the manner atter the service. The Royal Family dine at one o'clock. The same day the distil of medals, decorations, &c. will take place. An Edict is soon expected, which will dL the unitatit ull the Civ:l Oil - leers of the C which assimilate each rank to those of the army. BANIBER.G, JANUARY 21. The public attention is now turned to the ciotions between Bavaria and Austria. Acc , ' to the latest inte:ligence from Munich, the Clot ' Mdnteglas, First Minister of Bavaria, has teat *- ' to Field• Marshal Lieutenant Baron de Vacquats, Austrian Ministry in Bavaria, a very important N which was sent immediately to Milan. It is said in this Note, which is presented as the ultiantom Bavaria, that Power no longer opposes the etc •• Of the Innvicrtel and the principality of Saw bourg, but under the express condition, that Austrian territories on the left bank of the • which shall be ceded to Bavaria, shall serve in turn to exchange in the arrangements which Ba proposes to make with Wurtemburg and the Cr Duchy of Baden. From this it *mild result, it Bavaria would have nothing on the leli Wok offs Rhine, whilst it would cede all the right bag die Inn. Besides this, Bavaria demands of Asia 11,000,000 florins in money. It is said, thatb Court of Vienna is disposed to pay this sum esti the produce of the contributions which it is to recap from France. It is not true that a misunderstanding has slips between the troops of the Corps d'Armee of re Count de Colloredo, and those of General de Wok . which were cantoned on the frontier of the ' • lity rf Salzbourg. ROME, JANUARY 1 4 . The Marquisate of Ischia, of which the bide tiler has given the title to the sculptor Canori in the March near Montalto. Canova has g to his Holiness very civil letters from the Priem . gent of England and the King of PrOsia• ' was also the bearer of letters from Prince berg and Lord Castlereagh to the Cardinal ' • of btate. The Prince Regent has directed to-erect a monument for toe tonib of the Candsi York, the last offspring of the House of Stuart, died at Rome. A brief of the Pope declares null the to tween the Prince Royal of Wirtemberg and the cess Charlotte. of Bavaria. GENOA, JANUARY 16. • The attack which the Tunisians prepare a. thr port of St. Peter, in Sardinia, is still f Unfortunately, the news of a Treaty of the Epropean Powers, to put at last an end to the cies of the Barbary Powers, is without toundAo The Captains of English ships of war have o* not to oppose by open force the piracies of the bary ships committed in their sight. They ate?; permitted to use means of persuasion. Adtairallg . 1 _ E:mouth himself, commanding the British forret' the Mediterranean, lately met a Corsair or Ale which demanded from him provisions for 110 dred.Christian slaves, . which he had taken 0 0 .! coasts of Apulia and the March of Ancona,. 70 tening to throw them into the sea if the Admiral t 'fused the provisions.' The provisions were g row " NANTO•4 (AIN), JANUARY st The 21st of January, at eight o'clock in the ing, the Sieur Frere Jean, revolutionary Priest hlarat, Chabot,' .Robespierre to Bonaparte and has been arrested •at Volognat, a little village al short distance froM Nantua. • • This person, who was before arrested for se discourses, had been acquitted by the tribund I , • 1 far time a' ai ge oi ioadel Mr a ken. Ro ipi