The Press. — London, England, 1856-05-03 00:00:00

MAY 3, 1856. black coats and white waistcoats. Marshal I'elissier, in proposing the Emperor Alexander's health, alluded to the brave armies that were enemies but are now friends. Two different kinds of bread were on the table—the black rat i on bread and the white bread, like cake. After the company had risen, cigars were handed round, and se v e ra l o ffi c ers who had been partaking of a capital luncheon just outside, at the end of the marquee, from the remains, together with others , were invited in. It was close upon five o'clock before the allied commanders again mounted their horses, when General Luders and Marshal Pelissier, who was smoking, led, followed by General de la Marntora, Sir Hugh Rose, General Windham, ; Sir William Codrington and his aides•de-camp keeping in rear amongst the escort, which was th 6 same returning us coming.—lb. 1 1 1 • • THE TREATY OF PEACE. THE lion. William Stuart, First Attaché to her Ma jesty's Embassy at Paris, arrived on Monday morning at the Foreign-office, bearing the ratification by their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of all the Russias, the King of Sardinia, and the Sultan, of the definitive treaty for the restoration of peace, and for the maintenance of the integrity and indepen dence of the Ottoman empire, signed at Paris on the 30th of March last. A Court of Privy Council was shortly afterwards held at 13uckingham Palace, at which proclamations announcing the conclusion of peace, and ordering the 4th instant to be set apart as a day of public thanks giving for its restoration, were agreed upon and issued. On Monday evening the Earl of Clarendon and Lord Palmerston, in their respective places in the Lords and Commons, laid upon the table the fol lowing documents :- 1. The General Treaty, and Three Conventions annexed thereto. A 2. A Declaration respecting Maritime Law, signeJ by the Plenipotentiaries. 3. The Protocols of the Conferences. The official copy of the treaty agrees in the main with that published in THE PRESS of the 26th ult. It remains, therefore, for us to supply only the missing articles of that otlierwise correct copy. The following clauses were those omitted : Art. 5. Their Majesties the Queen of the United King dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of the French, the Emperor of all the Russias, the King of Sar dinia, and the Sultan, grant a full and entire amnesty to those of their subjects who may have been compromised by any participation whatsoever in the events of the war in favour of the cause of the enemy. It is expressly under stood that such amnesty shall extend to the subjects of each of the belligerent parties who may have continued during the war to be employed in the service of one of the other belligerents. Art. 6. Prisoners of war shall be immediately given up on either side. Art. 7. Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, his Majesty the Emperor of the French, his Ma- jesty the King of Prussia, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russian, and his Majesty the King of Sardinia, declare the Sublime Porte admitted to participate in the advan- tages of the public law and system (concert) of Europe. Their Majesties engage, each on his part, to respect the independence and the territorial integrity of the Ottoman erepire, guarantee in common the strict observance of that engagement, and will in consequence consider any act tending to its violation as a question of general interest. Art. 8. If there should arise between the Sublime Porte and one or more of the other signing powers any misnnderstanding which might endanger the maintenance of their relations, the Sublime Porte and each of such powers, before having recourse to the use of force, shall aflord the other contracting parties the opportunity of pre- venting such an extremity by means of their mediation. An additional article here follows : ADDITIONAL AND TRANSITORY ARTICLE. The stipulations of the Convention respecting the Straits, signed this day, shall not be applicable to the vessels of war employed by the belligerent powers fur the evacuation by sea of the territories occupied by their armies, but the said stipulations shall resume their entire effect as soon as the evacuation shall be terminated. Done at Paris, the 80th day of the month of ➢larch, hi the year 18.56. Mere fAlow the signatures of all tho Plenipo• tentiariee.] CONVENTIONS ANNEXED TO THE TREATY OF PEACE. I . — Convention between all the European contracting lowers respecting the Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus. (Signed at Paris March 80, 1816. Ratification exchanged at Paris April 27, 1636.) In the Name of Almighty God. Art. 1. His Majesty the Sultan, on the one part, declares that he is firmly resolved to maintain for the future the principle invariably established as the ancient rule of his "Pire, and in virtue of which it has at all times been pro- hibited for the ships of war of foreign powers to enter the Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus, and that, lk ) long as the P orte i s at peace, his Majesty will admit no foreign ship of war into the said Straits. And their Majesties the queen of the United Kingdom or Great Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the Icing of Prussia, the Emperor THE PRESS. of all the Russian, and the King of Sardinia, on the other part, engage to respect this determination of the Sultan, and to conform themselves to the principle stove declared. Art. 2. The Sultan reserves to himself, as in past times, to deliver firmans of passage for light vessels under flag of war, which shall be employed, as is usual, in the service of the missions of foreign powers. Art. 3. The same exception applies to the light vessels under flag of war, which each of the contracting powers is authorised to station at t 1 e mouths of the Danube, in order to secure the execution J the regulations relative to the liberty of that river, anu the number of which is not to exceed two for each power. Art. 4. The present convention, annexed to the general treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of tour weeks, or soonet if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Paris the 30th day of the month of March, in the year 1850. [Here follow the signatures of all the Plenipo tentiaries.] 2.—Convention between the Emperor of Russia and the Sultan, Limiting their Naval Force in the Black Sea. In the Name of Almighty God. Art. 1. The high contracting parties mutually engage not to have in the Black Sea any other vessels of war than those of which the number, the farce, and the dimensions are hereinafter stipulated. Art. 2. The high contracting parties reserve to thew• selves each to maintain in that sea six steam•vessela of fifty metres in length at the line of floatation, of a tonnage of 800 tons at the maximum, and four light steam or sailing vessels, of a tonnage which shall not exceed 200 tons each. Art. 3. The present convention, annexed to the general treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of four weeks, or sooner if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their ar/118. [Here follow the signatures of the Russian and Turkish Plenipotentiaries.] 3.—Convention between her Majesty, the Emperor of the French, and the Emperor of Russia, respecting the Aland Islands. In the Name of Almighty God. Art. 1. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, in order to respond to the desire which has been expressed to him by their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of the French, declares that the Aland Islands shall not be forti fied, and that no military or naval establishment shall be maintained 4 r created there. Art. 2. The present convention, annexed to the general treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of four weeks, or sooner if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have of thereto the seal of their arms. [Here follow the signatures of the English, French, and Russian Plenipotentiaries.l Declaration respecting Maritime Law, signed by the Pleni potentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, France, Prussia, Ittissi3, Sardinia, and Turkey, assembled in Congress at Paris, April 10, I MO. (Translation.) The plenipotentiaries who signed the treaty of Paris, of the 30th of March, 1850, assembled in conference,— Considering,— That maritime law, in time of war, has long been, the subject of deplorable disputes; That the uncertainty of the law and of the duties in such a matter gives rise to differences of opinion between neu trals and belligerents which may occasion serious difficul ties, and even conflicts ; _ _ That it is consequently advantageous to establish a uni form doctrine on so important a point ; That the plenipotentiaries assembled in Congress at Paris cannot better respond to the intentions by which their Governments are animated than by seeking to intro duce into international relations fixed principles in this respect; The above•mentioned plenipotentiaries, being dilly autho rised, resolved to concert among themselves as to the means of attaining this object ; and, having come to an agreement, have adopted the following solemn declara tion : 1. Privateering is, and remains, abolished. 2. The neutral flag covers enemy's goods, with the ex. ception of contraband of war. 3. Neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war, are not liable to capture under enemy's flag. 4. Blockades, in order to be binding, must. be effective— that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient retdly to prevent access to the coast of the enemy. The Governments of the undersigned plenipotentiaries engage to bring the present declaration to the knowledge of the States which have not taken part in the Congress of Paris, and to invite them to accede to it. _ _ . Convinced that the maxims which they now proclaim cannot but be received with gratitude by the whole world, the undersigned plenipotentiaries doubt not that the efforts of their Governments to obtain the general adoption thereof will be crowned with full success. The present declaration is not and shall net he binding, except between those powers who have acceded, or shall accede, to it. Done at Paris, the 18th of April, 184. (Here follow the signatures Qf all the Plenipo tentiaries.] I 417 lorti#n anb Colonial latelligtna. FRANCE. The formal exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of peace was officially announced in the Moni teur of Monday as having taken place on Sunday at three p.m., at the Hotel of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. On Munday afternoon the treaty and protocols were laid before the Corps Legislatif and the Senate, amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the members. 'the French papers during the week have been filled with the treaty and the annexes, almost to the exclusion of every other topic. Without exception the treaty is regarded as highly satisfactory by the whole French press; and the opinion expressed by the Mats, hitherto considered an Orieanist organ, has created some surprise The treaty of Paris (says M. de Sacy) is intended by its principal authors, or, we are willing to admit, its prin cipal author, to replace the Vienna treaties of 1t414 and 1815. On this we openly and sincerely congratulate the French Goveroment, or rather we openly and sincerely congratulate the Emperor himself; for some people have reproached us, it is said, with always mentioning the French Government and seldom alluding to the Emperor. We ask nothing better than to correct this involuntarily inaccurate phraseology. Old Corneille says somewhere Or other : A qui regarde bien L'Empereur seul est tout, et l'Empire n'est rien." It is to the Ertperor (continues M. de Sacy) that France and Europe are indebted for peace; the plenipotentiaries have proclaimed it, and we have great satisfaction in re • peating it after them. The Constitutionnel compares the treaty with that ofJuly, '4l, much to the disparagement of M. Guizot's diplomatic chef-d'ceuvre. Count Orloff was received by the Emperor on Tuesday in order to present letters of notification of the accession of Alexander IL to the throne of Russia, and also a letter of congratulation on the birth of the Imperial Prince. The remarkable attack of the Constitutionnel upon Espartero last week was followed on Tuesday by the Patrie with an article of a very opposite tendency, which intimates a curious dessous des cartes : The two Marshals, Espartero and O'Donnell (say, the Patrie), are aware of the desperate efforts of demagogy and reaction ; they know that in Spain, as well as abroad, skil fully organised calumny is spreading malicious reports about them in order to raise up public opinion in Europe against the Spanish Government. AUSTRIA. Count Buol, on his return to Vienna on the morn ing of the 21st, immediately proceeded to the palace, and was cldseted with the Emperor from ten till half: past one. The organisation of the Danubian principalities is the subject of daily conferences at the Foreign-office, under the presidency of Count Buol, and attended by Baron Koller. The conferences were to close on the 2fith, and Baron Kolier, with Colonel von Kalik, to leave for Bucharest on the 30th. The evacuation of the principalities is reported as being decided on. The Austrian troops will retire in brigades, so that the evacuation will hardly be corn • pleted this year. RUSSIA. Accounts from St. Petersburg state that an Impe rial decree disbands 337 druschines of militia, and six regiments of Cossacks of the Tartar cavalry, raised this year in the Government of Kasen, form ing together a total of 350,000 men of the militia of the empire of the first and second Bans. The Journal de St. Petersbourg publishes an Im perial order of the day to the militia, announcing the termination of the war, thanking the men for their devotion and granting a cross of honour to be worn in retirement. Expeditions for the conquest of the Caucasian mountain tribes, it is reported from St. Petersburg, will at once be organised. The Caucasian army will be strengthened by two regiments of infantry and two of dragoons, and the expedition placed under the command of General Kruleff. The Czar's journey to Warsaw is fixed for the 18th of May, when several grand reviews of the Crimean troops will be held. It was generally believed at Warsaw that the Grand Duke Nicholas would assume the Viceroyalty upon this occasion. The Emperor has addressed a letter to Count Orloff thanking him for his loyalty and uprightness in conducting the late negotiations at Paris, and appointing him President of the Council of the Empire. The resignation of Count Nesselrode has been officially accepted by the Emperor, and Prince Gortschakoff appointed to succeed, with M. Ivan Tolstoi as adjoint to the new Minister. Count Adlerberg, the Minister of the Imperial Household, is appointed successor to Count Orloff , in the post of Chief of the Imperial Staff. A decree in the Invalide Russe suspends all levy of military recruits for six years throughout the whole of Russia and Poland,