Star. — London, England, 1819-02-19 00:00:00

.. . . . * , • , . . ' ) • • •16 . 1i . . 0 - "Z.1" " ,o < t : /1 10 0, . • -- - 17 - :- ilk' 4- -1 41 . • . 4 4 V,• • , ' 4 v - 1 X! , * .4 I A A b - 1 ,„": t ' .o v 4 l l . ' l k l ~, 06.,c_ \ .. .. . • .• . • OfP ~ ;* i • .. . t ; ‘ ,,,, , . • 1 . 7 --mil pF___, , • .- _t00:;.././1.11110.1.110f, r,,, _e_e . .. ~1 • ' • I , l6ammrs, I , i 4 • FRIDAY, FfBRU ARY 19, 1E419: PRICE SEVEN-PENCF. itt/Ar.ANC.E, Amory 99, 1819. ,NERAL aid tiOARD of granted their Authority for the from the Plates engraved, on a , from the ORNERAL SURVEY performed under the Superintendence of the Royal Artillery; the that 50 Plates are already finished, Sale at the Ordnance Map Office, TO THE OCCUPIERS OP THE SOIL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. THE REPORT of the CHAIRMAN of the PRO CEEDINGS of the Committee of Management, in coo formity to the Resolutions of the Meeting of Occupiers at Hen derson's Hotel, Palace Yard, Westminster, on the 14th of Ja nuary last; and tha further Resolutions of a full and respectable Meeting of Land-ownom and Farmers, at the same place, on Monday last the 15th inst. will appe a r in THE FARMER'S JOURNAL, on Monday she Mid of February instant. • PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. the various Pe.titions complaining of undue Elections in Ireland. HOUSE OF LORDS, FEBRUARY it. Sir JOHN NEWPORT rose to present a Petition from the Agent acting in London on tehalf of the Freeholders of the County of Cork, whose Petition had beep presented on the 22d of January last, com‘ plaining of an undue return in the Elections for that County. The present Petition prayed that time for entering the recognizances on the former Petition might be enlarged. The ground on which the prayer of the Petition was supported, was, that an opinion had prevailed, almost universally throughout Ireland, that the Act 53d Geo. 111. which prescribed the time within which recognizances should be entered on Election Petitions did not extend to Ireland. The Petition stated that several opinions from high legal authorities confirmed this construction of the Act. The Petition . WAS then real—On the motion that it should lie on the table, The Royal Assent was declared by Commission to the Malt and Pension Duty Bill. The Lords Commissioners were the Use Caanest.Loa, the Earl of Sztareascuity, and Viscount bletvn.r.z. The Bristol Gas Light Bill was read the second time ; as was the Twenty Minions Exchequer Bills' Bill. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE gave notice of his intention with inference to the questions he had recently put upon the subject, to move to-morrow for Copies of the Instructions given to Afastess of Vessels, under the Convention agreed upon two years ago, on the subject of the Slave Trade, and respecting the Appointment of Cunimisdoners under the said Convention. lie then moved that the Lords be summoned for to-morrow, which was ordered accordingly. . TAAFFII6I DIVORCE BILL. On the qnestloa for the second reading of this BM, Counsel end evidence were heard. These Plates form a complete Map Folkestone, in Kent, to the Land's End, in k St. Lawrence, near Bristol, and Fordni.ss. Ste,:ral other Plates of , and fart 7, which contains the the Central part of Wiltshire, and Hampshire, will be ready for delivery application to Mr. BAtta, at the an Index Map will be shewn, procure a Map of the Country surround ay select any Plates they please for . this subject, addressed to Mr. Ba ircrettry of the Beard of Chtinar.cr, attained tn. Beard, R. IL CREW, Sac. ANTED on LEASE, at, Lady Day, or Mid summer, an UNFURNISHED MODERN HOUSE. M good Repair, for a Gentleman's Family; containing three Sitting Rooms, four beat Bed-chambers, as mow for Servants, convenient Offices in proportion, double Coach-house ' and Sta bling, well supplied with Water, a Walled Darden, and a few Acres of M=dow Land contiguous, dry sheltered situation, In or near a Village, and easy distance from Post and Ma rket ZitzZ as o to 50 miles from London. A 1 post paid, to E. M. Post Odice, Henley, Oxon. MR. WEST, P. R. A. • This day was published. In ilea price 711. MBE LlFEand STUDIES of BENJAMIN WEST, Esq. President of the Royal Academy of London, prior arival in England —compilcd iron , tnateriab furnis hed by Ninself. By JOHN G AI.T.-3ec.aul Edition. Prir. • for C'•Jdell and. Davies, *Lind ; and T. and G. Un derwood, as, Fleet-street. Mr. Wasaini,asi;ading Counsel for the Pedtioner, stated the case, and several of the intended witnesses were examined with a view to substantiate it, The first witness was a Clergyman of the Roman Catholic persuasion, who stated that Mr. and Mrs. Taaffe were married Et January. 1806. Loiff. • '.lked by one of elasir Lordships whether there wise regular registry books of the human Catholic marriages kept. under the authority of law, the Rev. Gentleman could not an , swer In the afarmative ; uptm which, The LORD CHANCELLOR observed, that such books could not be received in evidence. The nest witness was a Gentleman of the name of Daly, who stated that he was present at the solemnization of the marriage. From the evidence of the subsequent witnesses, it appeared that Mrs. Taaffe had three children ; that Mr. Taaffe having reason to suppose that his Lady had, formed an adulterous con nection with Lord William Fitzgerald, brought his action against that Noblemaprin the Irish Cbtat of Common Pleas, where he obt.tined.a verdict for £5OOO damages. Two of the domestics, a woman who had lived with Mn Taaffe while site resided in Bruton -street, mid afterwards, for some time, when the was on the Continent, stated, that about the close of 1814, she attended the Lady to Brighton, from which, in some time, she went, accompanied by Lord William Fitzgerald, to Dever, and shortly after , they repaired together to the Continent, where, at several placs, they lived and coha bited together as man and wife—the Lady going by the name of Lady PJL:abeth, or Lady William Fitzgerald. The second of these witnesses, a young nian who had lived as servant with Lord William, deposed to the same effect. One of the witnesses inte nded to be brought forward was Mr. Cline, the eminent Surgeon, but Mr. Wannest said it would be highly inconvenient foe that Gentleman to attend in time this (OTING TIIR IPILARGEMENT `HURCHS AND CHAPELS. of SUBSCRIPTIOtsIS lately ',UTTER have much pleasure in Account of the appropriation of a _ ha disposal, convinced, that nothing encourage support to the Society, than an already contributed have been benefi- This day were published,• price as. THOUGIITS on the RESUMPTION of CASH PAYMENTS by the BANK; and on the Corn Bill, as toaneeted with that measure. In a Letter addressed to the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer. • • By A. H. CHAMBERS, Banker, Bond-street. Primed for T. Egerton, Whitehall; and J. M. Richardson, CornhilL WILSON ON THE GOUT—SECOND EDITION. This day wire published, price 4s. sewed, OBSERVATIONS on the GOUT and ACUTE RHEUMATISM; containing an Account of a safe, speedy, and effectual Remedy for those itiseasea. Addressed to Arthritic and Rheumatic By C. WILSON, M.D. Member of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. Printed for T. and 0. Underwood, 32, Fleet-street. Legislature has provided for addi. requiring assistance beyond the power has left a wide Field for the useful its Supporters. POWER ON MIDWIFERY. This day was published, in Bvo. price Is. 6d. boards, ATREATISE on MIDWIFERY, developing new Principles, which raid materially to LIMEIN THE SEIM, MIS or sai Panewr, and shorten the duration of Labour. ISy JOHN POWER, Accouchenr, • Member of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. Printed for Thomas and George Underwood, Sit, Fleet-street. 11111 1 wi -- t)(179 1 .113 ER • • • • OFFICE OF ON E lASTEIt-GF. I oqI)NANCIE having 4 Tripernktes, taken gore Inch to a Llile, f eEEAT !MITA! N, perf Ciod WILLIAM MUI are hereby infirmed, tl Imprestions are on £ Tower of London. TB cost, faint Folkestone, 1 and thence to ‘ll:ek yea the Thames to Oacoi lark are row in hand, r. of Somersetsbire, t nh'shed part of Ham! " a t IA of March. By ai ~. Map-Office, where *.,en wilting to procure t heir osen habitations, ma, parpow. All letters on tl . wader cower to the *cm 7 , ' I , I irter of the &a TETT FOR PROMOT] LTD BUILDING OF Cl I ITU the LIST of received, the COMA 'us to the Public an A. - deb: Foods placed at its wore effectually encourag • . e that the Sums airy applied. Ike Gears made by -the L Churches in places requ Ns Society to afford, but Is ,• 'on of the liber.lity of i lie want of Church Room •-• • the Parliamentary Grant meat or more injurious in • , Room in other Places, exertion, encouraged and therefore who feel the in and may have been disco • , by as apprehension th, notion of its limited IN • k their support, when t by the small Sum alrpadi --- already advertised Since received : t by Editor of Christian T. Burton, Esq. . P. G. Blenrowe - . Dr. Blackburn - Burgh . E. Bonney - .T. C. Bond - - H. Calvert - - • Chnmonk, Esq. and Fellows of Catherit Corobnge Roger Clough _Cooburn, Esq. - -and Fellows of Jesus Labridge I thoesne - bud of the Established C h. Foulkes Falmouth • Dt. Frewen Outten . ILrris, Esq. ant-Colonel Iligginson John Ilumfrey - Robert Jones .James Jones • Edward Jones - . John Jones - - • Richard Jones - . Thomas Jones - Emu Lowther liewtiplo Esq. llr. Loveday • F,I. !Aimee - sho !argent. I:sq. • C. Long, Esq. •C. J. Lyon - - G, Steams L.,‘"NATION, by Dote -fronds Ins Moo o. II - • L by Messrs. Sikes and NIAVCOOIe T. Dr. N uit v R F. Onslow, Archd Worc,itet - John P enrose P Esq. - Parry . : J. Sunderland • Dr. Stowed - and Chapter of Salida; .14. Thelwall •Dr. T. A. Trenchard - • Thos. Tudball •• 4 Tumor Esq J. Willi3m; - rd Wildin g , Esq. : .(I m Chapter of V I •IL Warren - • G. E. Webster : camber of Contributor' '"curt of Donations 4:53,1 of Am. Sari scriptions Anlications have been re Let been considered, ' • leave been made , ante 4cco nmot. u 4tion h:to t .1 1 :: 111 being Inv and to ret n•lininS Application *soon as the Appl 4 7 Docum ent. • 4b x ri:doos and vs_ h a km Bracts 'too at in 711 t h e and o, et •Itty's Of . e Treasur er eh Ctt.. 7ree . steetior s by the 1... Lunder cover t o n th d e l l n i n l i vitb the um Rene ? • ,c,rt tonn es "Yndt, T . , Esq. - - 144.t0 P . N. Ham WM, as— • . in the larger Parishes, to correct Grant is devoted, is not perhaps greater Its consequences than the want of Places, which can only be supplied by ' and assisted by this Society. , importance of the object of the So discouraged front contributing to its that link gpod would result from Potwar% will, ao doubt, cher:flab' they observe how much has been already applied. DOnti . ollS. I Annual Subscripts. - £52,330 0 6 £543 1 0 Observer CS 0 0 - , 10 0 0 .1 1 0 - 21 0 0 - SO 0 • -S 0 0 - 50 0 0 - 2S 0 0 -S 0 0 Catherine ILI% 105 0 0 1 0 0 5 5 0 College, Church 105 0 0 5 5 0 1 0 0 10 10 0 105 0 0 ?.1 0 0 0 10 6 100 0.0 5 0 0 105 O. 0 ' 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 t 0 0 10 0 • 100 0 0 1 1 0 5 0 0 ,50 0 0 SO 0 0 1 1 0 by Messrs. - 100 0 0 10 0 0 1 1 *0 S 0 0 21 C 0 Cu. - Archdeacon of 21 0 0 1 0 0 -3 0 0 - 21 0 0 - 105 0 Q -1 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 21 0 0 - 25 0 0 - 105 0 0 S 0 0 105 0 0 5 0 0 2 2• 0 received front 110 Place , ; of the:e to 35 of which Grants a various trnountrig to £10,157, by which addi been given to 12,E39 pet :ons; 8500 mappropri.sted tttti: :afloat will be determined upon by the Lpplicants shall have furt.ished the netts- cactions will be received by the prin. id Country; and ty the Rev. 'N. J. Office, 52, I.incan%- f nn-FPlds, on ac- ChNrles Hoare, Esq. Fleet-street. General Pont to be addressed to the Francis Vreelh.g, Cezeral ite wotds " Churches and (lapels" Adatrtisetnentl the Donation of d5O, shcJid Lave bten tt rsea-ribe. JOAN:A.)I; Y.C.I)BLit, Stc. Wells - Aributors 1159 '53,8'817 0 547 4 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 DOG MEDICINES. BLAINE'S MEDICINES for the DISTEMPER, JUP and these for most of the Discuss of DOGS, sanctioned by more than 'twenty Years' increasing Reputation, continue to be Prppared from the original Recipes, by the Proprietor, W. YOUATT (late BLAU'S and YovArr), Veterinary Surgeon, 3, Nassau-street, Middlesex-HospitaL They are likewise sold by (itseand Sons, 4, Broad -street, Exchange; Barclay and Sons i'holesale Agents), 93, Fleet-market; and all Medicine Venders. Also, BLAINE'S genuine HORSE MEDICINES. Advice's' usual on the Diseases of all Domestic Animals. 'E RAC s COUNT, the many attempts that are A. daily made to impose on the unwary a SPURIOUS COMPOSITION, instead of the GENUINE BLACKING yrepated by DAY and MARTIN, they have adopted a new Label in which their address, 97, HIGH HOLBORN, Is so conspicuously placed in tie centre, that...they trust an atten tions* this, and the difference Oche type, which is unlike all leffrr press, will enable purchasers at once to detect the Imposition. The Real Japan BLACKING, made and sold Wholesale by DAY and MARTIN, 97, High Holborn • and retailed by the principal Grocers, Druggists, Bookseller, Ironmongers, Per fumers, Boot-makers, &c. in the United Kingdom, in bottles, at 6d. Is. and Is. 6d each. NERVOUS COMPLAIN TS AND DEBILIMY THE late celebrated Dr. FOTHERGILL, in the, course of his extensive practice, encountered repeatedly such distressing cases of Nervous Consplaints, that he was in duced to direct his principal attention to the discovering an ef fectual and permanent remedy. This invaluable Medicine here offered to the public attention under the title of " Dr. Fe- THERGILL's NERVOUS DROPS," was the happy result of his efforts ; by means of which he invariably succekdedin sub duing and exterminating every description of Nervous disorders and their various distressing affections u Lowness of Spirits, Head-aches, Loss of Appetite, Indigestion, Sumps, Tremors, Hypochondriacism, Extreme Lassitude, An xiety, Fainting Fits, and every kind of debility or relaxation of the system. To those unfortunately thus afflicted, it is confidently recommended to use the above inestimable Medicine, by which they are assured of obtaining immediate relief, and by a due perseverance' in it agreeably to the directions given, the complete re-establishment of their health. Sold in Bottles, at 4s. ed. 111. and fits. by Banes and Sows, Citernists, No. 4, Cheapside, center of St. Paul's, London; and 34, Sackville-street, • Dublin; and all the principal Booksellers, Druggists, and Medicine Venders throughout the Kingdom evening, upon which, The LORD CHANCELLOR observed, he could attend on a future opportunity ; pqd the farther consideration of the case was adiounsed till Tuesday next. • INTERESTING CASE IN CHANCERY. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said, he had a Petition to present to their Lordships, which com plained of a case, involving, in his mind, no small degree of hardship, and one of such a nature as he deemed peculiarly incumbent on that House to attend to. The Petition was on the part of two Lunatics, and the case to which it related was one, wherein a Decree bad been obtained in the Court of Chancery in their favour, for the sale of certain estates, which, or part of which, being copyhold ;• and as it appeared• that hi the Act under which the sale was made, the word •' Copyhold" was unfortunately omitted, irwas heldtthat the persons in question could not make out a good title to the property, and, therefore, the pur chasers were not compellable to make good their contract. The object of the prayer was, that their Lordships would take the extraordinary hardships of the Petitioners' case into their consideration : and cause the Act in question to be so amended, as that the Chancellor may be authorized to make such order therein as the name and justice of the case obviously pointed out. The LORD C!TANCELLOR expressed his regret that there should exist the necessity for such an appeal to the Legislature as that brought forward by the Noble Marquis. His Lordship briefly explained the nature of the case, and the import of the Bill which was referred to. The Chancellor was empowered to order the disposal of the property of Lunatics for the I payment of their debts, and it was deemed necessary some time since that a more particular enactment should take place on the subject, and accordingly Na Bill was brought in for the purpose by the then Soli citor-General, now Chancellor of Ireland. Upon re ference being made to the Master, in the particular case to which the Petition referred, in order to ascer tain what property was applicable to the payment of the parties debts, the Master was of opinion that the copyholds should be disposed of. On this, the Act being referred to, doubts had arisen as to part of its wording, RI the Way stated by the Noble Marquis. There was no doubt as to the intention of the Noble and Learned Person who proposed the Ait, but some amendment thereof was certainly requisite, and he was of opinion (without reference to the step just taken) that some Legislative procedure would be adopted, either to declare what was the sense and meaning of the Act in questibn, or to amend it, so that the word " Copyhold" should be properly in eluded. Indeed, the proposition was so reasonable in itself, that he had no difficulty in saying, that if the' matter had not been taken 'up, he would have come forward himself oil the czcasion. _ The Petition was ordered to lie on the table:— Adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER acquainted the House, •thet tie time had expired within which recognizances should have been entered into by It. Bell, L.L.D. on his Petition presented on the 3d of February last, complaining of an undue election for the Bo rough of Great Grimsby. The following Members were chosen by ballot as the Com mittee to try the merits of the Inverkeithing Electioo : • Sir H. W. Clinton, Mr. G. Mundy, Mr. J. Ramsbottam, Mr. F. I. Littleton Sir W. De Crespigny, Mr..l. S . Moffitt, Mr. J. Fleming, L ord Glentwley, Mr. J. Hunter Blair, Kr. U. L. Lister Mr. H. Fynes, Mr. George Gipps, Earl Temple, Mr. J. ll . ' Smith, and Sir George Clerk. Mr. CHUTE presented a Petition, signed by 500 matt to spectshieowners and occupiers of land , in the county of Hants, praying for a revision of the Corn Laws, and a further duty or the importation of Foreign Corn.--Read, and ordered to lie tbe ' o• •I I J I II • I, DUTY ON COALS. • Yesterday a Meeting was held at the City of London -Tavern, for the purpose of taking into consideration the necessity of petitioning Parliament for relieffrom the present partial duty on coals, in London *ad the out-ports. At one o'clock Alderman WooD.took the chair. He was accompanied into the room by Alder men Waithman and Thorp, Mr. Wilson, M. P. Mr. Byng, M. P. Mr. H. Sumner, M. P. Mr. Williams, M. P. Mr. Harvey, M. P. and several other Gentle men, Members of the Committee. Alderman WOOD stated the object for which the meeting had assembled ; after which the Secretary read the minutes of a conversation which took place between the deputies appointed at a former meeting to wait upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the subject of the high duties. From this it appeared that that Right Hon. Gentleman had expressed the willingness of hi; Majesty's Ministers to give the sub ject their most serious consideration. Mr. JACK:, then proposed a string of resolutions, which he prefaced with an account of the origin and I progress of the several duties which had been laid on coals in London, and other districts, up to the pre sent time. These duties amounted, in Middlesex and Surrey, to about 10s. 91d. per head, men, women, and children; in 14 (Aunties, it was Is. Id. on each reison ; in 4 counties, about Id. and in 21 counties, Oleic was no duty at all. He then detai'ed the evils Ito which this partial system led, and concluded by expressing a hope that the resolutions, and the peti tion to Parliament founded upon them, would meet the concurrence of the meeting. • 1 The Resolutions were then put and carried, as were al-o tie Petitions to both llou.es of Parliament. •A-3Ai:xa3sr.. 10 10 0 2 2 0 Mr. WYNNE said, that according to the general rule laid down by the House, the prayer of this Pe tition could not be attended to. To - statethat the Petitioner or the pasty eoaceened bad acted on a misconeepdon of that rule was not a suffieient reason to induce she House to depart from the rule. In the present cese themisconception was most extraordi► nary, and yet it was ene which seemed to have per vaded the whole of Irelind. The only ground on which he could conceive it to have been founded was, that the operation of the first clause of the Act was expressly confined to England and Scotland. But then the other parts of the Act most explicitly comprehended Ireland. Yet throughout the latter country the opinion prevailed that the operations of the Act did not extend to it ; nor was this mistake confined to a few persons, for even persons of a high reputation in the Law had fallen into it. Amongst the rest, Mr. Gabbett, a lawyer, whore character stood deservedly very high, had made the very same mistake. In so extraordinary a case he did think that it might be allowable for Parliament to grant the prayer of this Peti:ion. At the same time, he could not but remark that it was not in the power of the House to extend this indulgence generally. Per haps a remedy for this particular class of eases might be provided by passing a short Act, which should recite the prevalence of the mistake in Ireland, and enact that therefore a further time should be allowed for entering the recognizances on Petitions already presented from that country. Mr. BATHURST thought the question deserved the serious consideration of the House. As to intro ducing any Bill to settle the question, it was to he considered that its operation would be retrospective, and as such he could not think it desirable. Mr. BANKES thought it desirable for the House to come to some decision on the general question. Under the circumstances of the mistake having been so general and extensive, he rather agreed with, the view taken of the subject by his Hon. Friend (Mr. Wynne). it would, therefore, be perhaps proper for the House to resume the consideration of the subject on some future day. The Petition was ordered to lie on the table. Sit JOHN NEWPORT gave notice, that be would to-morrow submit to the House a Motion upon the subject of it. The SPEAKER said, that after what had passed on this subject, it would perhaps be proper for him to apprise the House that two other applications had already been made to them on the same subject, but that no definitive order had been yet entered upon the Journals respecting them, nor had the applica tions yet been absolutely discharged. The Order. with respect to them stood on the Order Book. The observations which might be offered to the House, now or on a future occasion, Would therefore include the case of the Drogheda and Galway Petitions, as well as that just now laid' upon the table. ' Mr. WYNNE thought that, under the present cir cumstances, there were several considerations which demanded the attention of the House. The words of the Act expressly provided that.the time for enter ing the recognizances could only be enlarged once. But, on looking into the precedents on this subject, he found that on several occasions the 'House had thought itself competent to revive as well as to en large the time. The Shaftesbury case he thought a sufficient authority on this point. The SPEAKI.fIt begged to remind the Ireue, that in two out of the three cases in wllich the apnii-' cation had now been made for enlarging Vie time, that application had been refused 13.; the Nome ; therefore, if on the Petition now presented an order was made for enlarging the time, there would ap pear on the Journals contradictory orders on pre- - cisely the satne question. , STATE OF THE PRISONS. Estimates printed. Mr. CLIVE presented certain Papers and Returns relative to the number of Prisoners confined for cri minal offences, &c. Lord CASTLEREAGH gave notice, that on Tues daynext he intended to submit to the House me- Lion for an irquiry into the State of the Prisons throughout the Kingdom. Sir JAMES :4ACXINTOSH said that it was 4 very short notice, from Thursday to Tuesday, for bringing before the House a question of such impor tance, and hoped the Noble Lord would fix some more distant day than Tuesday. Lord CASTLE.REAGII expressed every disposi tion to accommodate the Honourable and Learned Gentleman, and therefore named Thursday next. The Notice was then entered as for that day. COPY• maul.. Mr. LAMBTON gave notice, that on the 11th of March he intended to submit to the House a motion on the subject of Copy-rights. ILAVE 'BADE. the unportatton a twain Morn.—taau, 444 V. YG•a...v •••• table. " SLAVE TRADE. Lord PA I.MRIUITON presented an abstract of the Army Mr. SMYTH rose to move an Address to the Prince' I Ratisnatei for thisyser..—Ordered to lie on the tables and to be . • printed. • Regent, praying that there might be laid before the MIRK ELECTION PL'TITIONS. House a copy of the Com v. akin with thiKing of tile The CLERK of the Crows presented a Return of Netherlands, relative to the appointment of a Ccm- the state of the Recognisautces to be entered into on • lois:atm to harry into effect :he abolition of the a we • • • • • • • • -- • • - - ^ - • - • • . • . -