The Press. — London, England, 1856-04-19 00:00:00

superior to governmental authority. The Cardinal prelate will preside on all special occasions, and the ordinary debates will take place under the provisional superintendence of Monsignor Ranseher, the Arch bishop of Vienna. A committee of report is esta blished, to frame an authorised account of the de bates, to be submitted to the Cardinal prelate after each meeting; and when a question is carried, it is to be immediately forwarded to the Pope for confir mation or rejection, together with a report of the proceedings. The authority of the Emperor in Roman affairs is denied and derided. On the opening of the pontifical chamber the assembled prelates and clergy —Austrian, German, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, and even Croatian—dressed in the sumptuous habiliments of the Roman Church, marched in formal procession to the cathedral of St. Stephen, where tho mass was celebrated by the Cardinal president. On returning to the chamber the session was formally opened by tie Cardinal, in the name and by the command of the Pope, without reference to Imperial per:nission. It was purposely omitted to constitute a president under the powers of the Concordat. In spite of this sacerdotal obstinacy and presumption, public opinion is against the synod. The question is thoroughly understood ti be between the liberty of the subject and the tyranny of the priest; and the absence of any open remonstrance on the part of the Govern ment. to these Papal extravagancies is a proof that, however blameable was the granting the Concordat, the priest has lost his cause, personally, in public estimation, and is no longer a subject either of fear or respect. The synodal plot to reinstate the priest in supreme power is a failure. France had been cal cud aka upon as a coadjutor; but the conduct of the Ultr.tmontanists on the birth of the Imperial Prince savours of a doubt on the part of the Jesuit; and the nomination of the Abbe Landriot to the see of La Rochelle augurs yet more unfavorably for the " parti pretre." The abbe was the champion of' classical education against one solely and entirely clerical and C iristian. He refused to banish Horace and Virgil from the schools, and would not consent to abandon the sonnets of Anacreon, and the graceful eloquence of Euripides, for an exclusive study of the old fathers. The Concordat has even been an obstacle to the working of fiscal reforms, and the Austrian Minister of Finance has strongly animadverted on its impolicy. The priest does not find favour with any one, and receives the doom without the name or reputation of a favorite. In the revision of commercial tariffs Austria is be ginning to display sounder views of political economy. An Imperial ordonnance publishes a lower scale of import duties. Cottons, woollen cloths, hemp, hard ware, &c., are to be admitted on terms of advantage, that will give an immediate action to the markets of the respective articles. In addition, railways are no longer condemned as the conductors of revolution ; and new lines, open for the employment of English capital, are proposed, and meet with governmental approval. The majority of the Prussian Chambers in favour of the " Croix" and Ministerial party is decreasing. The insidious attack on the liberty of the press has been firmly resisted, and the ft vat Ministers, although motions to curb a disagreeable channel of censure, are at last beginning to comprehend that it education is made compulsory, no Government can chain the expression of ideas to which its own educa tional instrument. had given birth. The liberty of the press to education is as the railroad to commerce. N -ether have MM. de Gerlach and Berg been more firtunate in conducting the affair of the stolen despatches. Pubic opinion, without justifying the abstraction, runs counter to them personally, and this may be considered as a decided expression against the " Croix" faction. On the subject of the Ministerial changes in the organisation of the Rhenish provinces, M. d'Anerswald moved an amendment against Ministers, which was carried by a majority of two. The Rhenish provinces strongly adhere to the interests of the Prince Royal, and the Ministerial defeat:, temporary for the moment, is significant of coming events. If Russia, as it would appear, determines to take a step in advance on the subject of reform, Prussia will have to march parr: passu. The Chambers of the Duchy of Baden have been likewise occupied by discussions on the liberty of the press, the Liberals demanding that the penalty for a libel against the German Diet shall not be of equal severity to that for an offence against the laws of the duchy. Under the cloak of the question is concealed the animosity against the interference of the Diet in the domestic affairs of the German prin cipalities. The Chambers of Denmark are still un settled in their movements on constitutional matters of grievance, and those of Hanover and Bavaria have to contend with powerful oppositions. M. de Bu.il, on his return to Vienna, will pass by Frankfort to hold a consultation with M de Bismarck Selion hausen upon the state of Germany. There is but one solution, and the attitude taken by England, France, and Russia, places that by the sword out of We VW**. J. E. L. Ii THE PRESS. SIENA, April 14. AUSTRIA has taken possession of the Duchy of Parma, and Borth Catnpiano and Pontremoli have been garrisoned by the Imperial troops. These places are far away from the scene of disturbance. Bordi is situated on the northern side of the Apen nines, upon a spur of the mountain commanding the valley that slopes away to the distant plairs of Parma. Campiano is in the same direction, at the extremity of the Val di Taro, and abutting upon the Piedmontese territory. Pontremoli lies on the southern side of the range overhanging the banks of the Magra, which runs into the Gulf of Spezzia, and dominates that portion of the Piedmontese fruitier opposite the Sardir.ian fort of Mulazzo. The disposition of these troops has a certain signi ficance. It is a tacit accusation, overt in the deed. The actual meaning is declaratory of the disturbances having had a Piedmontese origin, and military precautions have been taken to cut off the retreat of the disaffected, to intercept supposed com munication, and to have a ready access to the Sar dinian territory. ['here is no concealment of design in the Cabinet of Vienna, neither is it doubtful that Austrian intrigues have been employed to precipitate matters in order to afford an excuse fur the occupa tion of the Duchy of Par,na. 111 a iliscussion at tie Conferences, relative to Italy, Count Orloff advanced the pr position that a State requiring aid either to quell revolt, or to defend itself ttainst a superior force, had a tight to appeal to the ally in which it ha.' the greatest confidence, and that such an appeal authorised the interference prayed for. The principle was generally admitted. Austria conceived that it was enunciated expressly in her tavour, and, only mindful of hatred to Sardinia, overlooked its application either to England or France. There is a strong and growing feeling in favour of Russia amongst the Libeials everywhere. It may be turned to mighty account, and the Pope may )et have an adversary, even in Italy, to shake both his spiritual and temporal power. There be two things to war against, the Austrian and the oriest, and they are not held in high estimation at St. Petersburg. M. T. A. dfolign anb 6 lonial 3nittligentt. FR NCE. The Emperor gave a State banquet to the plenipo tentiaries last Saturday in the Salle des Marechaux. AU the members of the Congress had been invited, together with the Foreign Ministers, the Cardinals, and the Ministers, Marshals, and officers of State of the empire. Lord Clarendon sat on the Emperor's right, while Count Buol was on the left. Towards the end of the dinner the Emperor rose, and in a firm and ernohatic voice said : I prrpose a toast to the u•tion so happily re-established between the Sovereigns. May it he lasting; and it will be so if it reposes slot .vs on right and justice, and on the true and legititnate interests of the peoples. ['hese w..rds, said the ?tloniteur in its report, were received with enthusiastic applause. The fete given by the Mayor of Paris to the pleni pwentiaries at the Hotel de Ville on Monday was very successful. None of the resident torei4n ambassadors were present, the question of prece • ilenrv, it is said, nut having been satis actortly arranged. lie Empress continues to improve in health, and that of the Imperial Prince is also satisfactory. The programme for the churching and baptism is arranged, but the dates are not yet definitively decided on. Her Majesty will shortly remove to St. Cloud, and after the baptism proceed to Biarritz. The Pays, of Sunday, denies the truth of a re port that Prince Napoleon would go to St. Peters burg on the occasion of the coronation of the Czar. Marshal Valliant is said to be cbout to resign the portfolio of Minister of War. Marshal Bandon is looked upon as his successor, while Marshal Bos quet would replace the latter in Algeria. The formation of a vast camp between St. Tropez and Bormes, in the department of the Var, has been decided on. The regiments returning from the Crimea will be concentrated on the ground. AUSTRIA. The members of the synod, now sitting at Vienna, headed by the Cardinal-Archbishop of Schwartzen burg, were received in audience by the Emperor on ihe 12th. The Gazette des Poste,: alleges that the synod is occupied with the estahli.hment of ecclesiastical tribunals for matrimonial causes. New measures against the press are being adopted, and various pro positions by the Austrian Government are under going examination. A new law upon marriage ; and projects of law, providing an indemnity to the con vents fur the suppression of the serfage of the pea sants, and bringing into harmony the administration SATURDAY, of temporal and ecclesiastical justice, are under dis cussion. It has been decided by the synod that offspring of mixed marriages shall be educated the Roman Catholic faith. PRUSSIA. The Borsenzeitung of the 14th says that it is pro. bable the Emperor Alexander will accompany mother to Berlin, to hold interviews with "other European sovereigns," who are expected to be present. Great preparations were being made at Potsdam for the anticipated reception of the illus trious guests. _ Baron Mani euffel was expected to visit Frankfort officially on hid return from Patis. The Minister of the Interior and the Minister of War have both lately sent in their resignation, but have been prevailed on by the King to retain toeir portfolios. The trial of the parties engaged in the late Hinck elday duel has been concluded by the military tribunal to which it was referred, but judgment is re. served. RUSSIA. The Journal de St. Petersbourg of the sth pub. lishes an official notification of the re establishment of commercial intercourse between Russia and the allies, and also a permission for the free exportation of grain. The Emperor Alexander, according to the usual custom of the Russian sovereigns after the conclu sion of any great political act, left St. Petersburg for Muse .w on the 9th. The Emperor, after returning thanks for peace in the cathedral, was to attend the jubilee of tho Grenadiers of the Guard, on the occa sion of the hundredth anniversary of their formation. TURKEY AND THE PRINCIPALITIES. Intelligence from Constantinople reports that great excitement reigned at Varna and in the neighbour. hood, in consequence of the discovery of the mutilated body of a Christian girl, who had been violated and atterwards murdered. The crime was ascribed by the Greeks and others to the Paella. The funeral of the girl was attended,it is said, by 6,000 Christians, and in the church a Bulgarian harangued the people, vehem• ntly demanding justice. According to the Journal de Constantinople, the troubles in Arabia, and particularly in the Hedjar and in Katkiari, continued: 130,000 men were in arms, and refused to acknowledge the new Governor of Mecca, who had retired to Cairo; while a positive insurrection has broken out in Belgradchie, in Bul ga is, where a large body of men, headed by an ex- Russian officer, were attempting to drive the 'Pinks out of the country. The Christians of Koniah have demanded the protection of the Sultan against the Moslems, who were on the verge of revolt after the publication of the late Haul Seheriff. The news of peace hail been received indifferently at Constantinople. Prince Gregory Ghika had sent in his resignation as Hospodar of Moldavia to the Sultan. SPAIN. On the 16th, the Madrid Gazette publishes a despatch from Valencia, dated the previous day, twelve o'clock, announcing that Valencia continued tranquil. General O'Donnell was acting Minister for Foreign Affairs. INDIA. Intelligence from Ca.cutta up to the 10th and Bombay to the 19th of March has arrived, in antici pation of the overland Lord Canning arrived at Calcutta on the 29th of February, and ' , AS immediately sworn in. Lord Dal housie had left previously, on the 6111, for Suez. In replying to a farewell address from the inhabitants of Calcutta, Lord Dalhousie observed, with respect to "keeping the peace" in India:— - - It is not for me, gentlemen, to speak of the events and the measures of past years. on which you have dwelt with such favorable regard. lint it may he permitted to me to look forward with Sou, and to express a hope that, as I leave you, the prospect is fair and full of promise. No prudent man, having any knowledge of Eastern affairs, would ever venture to predict a prolonged continua• tion of peace in India. We have learned by hard experience how a difference with a native power, which seems at first to be but the little cloud no bigger than a man's hand, may rapidly darken and swellinto a storm of war, invclving the whole empire in its gloo:n. We have lately seen how in the very midst of us insurrection may rise like an ex halation from the earth, and how cruel violence,woi se titan all the excesses of war, may be suddenly committel by men who, to the very Ilay in which they broke out in their frenzy of blood, have been regarded as a simple, harmless, timid race,not by the Government alone, but even by those who knew them best, who were dwelling among them, and were their earliest victims. Remembering these things, no pm& nt man will venture to give you assurance of continued peace. But we seem to have every reasonable ground for be lieving that tranquillity within and without is likely now to prevail in India, and that thus fair scope will be given for the prosecution of those projects of internal improvement on which the Government has largely entered. As to his future life Lord Da!housie My only ambition long has been to accomplish the task which lay before me here, and to bring it to a close with MP. r, di%. the i in pro- his