The Press. — London, England, 1856-05-17 00:00:00

MAY 17, 1856. dons and to the frequent change of ground. The opera ' limy w as well supplied with everything but forage up to the 11th November, and until that time there was no de. W c i en ey in the means of transport. After that time, how• ever, he admitted that he had not satisfactorily discharged his duty ; but then, that was owing to the dreadful state of the country between Balaklava and the camp, which it was i m possible to foresee ; and owing to which the baggage animals broke down, and died off faster than they could be replaced. Mr. Filder here quoted copiously from the evidence of other witnesses in proof of the difficulty of trans port which existed in the Crimea, and then passed to the question of carriage by sea, upon which the ar my was dependent for its supplies of fresh meat, after the first six weeks of its stay in the Crimea, when the stock of live animals found in the country was exhausted : In order to secure the attendance of a constant supply, he applied frequently to Admiral Boxer for the means of transport. but could never secure a number of vessels at all adequate to the purpose, as fully one•third of the live animals purchased died on their passage to Balaklava. With regard to the supply of fuel, the commissioners were under a complete misapprehension He had never content:.:d that it, was not a part of cern missariat duty to supply fuel, and on receiving instructions from Lord Raglan on the 4th of December to permit the issue of charcoal, he at once caused 80,000 rations to be prepared, and gave notice to the several divisions that they could be supplied on an application at Balaklava. With reference to the supply of hay, he wrote to Sir C. Trevelyan for 2,000 tons on the 13th of September, but only one-fifth of that quantity was sent out, and he received information from Sir C. Trevelyon that only 157 tons per month could be sent out : The Artillery, Commissariat, and Transport Service alone required 580 tons per month; and including the cavalry, 886 tons per month were required. He wrote to inform Sir C. Trevelyan of this; but notwithstanding, in each of the months of October and November only 270 tons were sent out, a quantity which was only one third of that which was requisite. Sir C. Trevelyan, in a letter, stated his opinion that. a much smaller quantity would suffice than he (Mr. Filder) had written for, as he thought that extensive supplies might be obtained from quarters which he (Mr. Flitter) sated t' be exhausted. As to the vegetables, these were scarcely to be got., and limejuice was sent out for the hospitals, and no order for its general issue to the army was given before the 29th of January, 1855. Mr. Filder further stated that the commissariat staff were inadequate from the first, and that he would lay before the board his original instructions from the Treasury of February, 1851, for the provisioning and foraging of /he army. The board then adjourned. On Friday the case of Mr. Filder was resumed. Mr. Flitter continued his statement, pointing out various inaccuracies in the commissioners' report, and attributing them to not obtaining information from proper sources in the first instance. I foreign anb (Colonial itittligentc. FRANCE. The appointment of Baron de Bourqueney as Ambassador at Vienna, and that of M. de Hubner as Austrian Ambassa,lor at Paris, appeared officially in the Moniteur of Thursday. The Belgian press and Italian questions form the principal topics of the French papers. The Moniteur of Tuesday, with referanee to the former, stated : The part of the French Government has bean simply to point out the evil and its consequences: it is for the Cabinet of Brussels alone to seek, to find, and to apply the remedy. The Government of the Emperor concerns itself with the efficacy, and not with the nature of the remedy. The published note verbale of Count Cavour upon the state of Rome and Italy is discussed with much vivacity. The Constitutionnel declares that France and Austria will shortly present a note to the Pope, indicating the necessary reforms. The Univers denies this, and the Assemblie Nationale cbarac tenses such interference with the Roman Govern ment as infinitely worse than the attempt of Men schikoff to coerce the Sultan. The King of Wurtemburg left Paris on the 13th. .Ilie visit of th e A rc hd u k e M ax i m ili an o f Austria is said to be connected with arrangements for removing he ashes of the Duo de Reichstadt from Schonbrun I) Park Forty. thousand men of the class of 1850-7 have been disbanded. F requent diplomati A c USTßlA conferences are said to be taking place at Vienna, between Austria, Prussia, an d Italy. The journey o f Prince Windischgratz to Berlin is regarded as not without political signifi cance. It is generally believed at Vienna that the Prince goes to obtain from Prussia an extension to Hungary, Gallicia, and Italy, of that stipulation of the Congress of Vienna by which the integrity of Ge rmany only is guarantee d . A ustr i a d es i res to h ave the entire possessions of each sovereign guaranteed. The Gazette has announced that Baron Brunow Will rePlaoe Prince Gortschakoff As Ambassador at THE PRESS. The Emperor, it is thought, will shortly visit Italy. Count Colloredo, the new Austrian Ambassador to the See of Rome, left Vienna on the 9th for his post. Previously to his departure he had a long conference with Count Buol and Cardinal Viale Prela. RUSSIA. The Czas of Warsaw announces that Russia is to commence a campaign this summer against the Cau casus. General Chruleff will have the command of the expedition, under the superior direction of Gene ral Mouravieff. The expedition will extend to Dag hestan, a distance of about sixty miles from the Black Sea coast. General Mouravieff has been making a tour of in spection in the Caucasus. He was joined by General Chruleff at Ekaterinodar. SPAIN. The reception accorded to Espartero has been most enthusiastic everywhere. He was eagerly ex pected on his return at Madrid. The Madrid Gazette of the 9th, in allusion to cer tain articles appearing in the Journal de Madrid, speaking of French intervention as a very probable event, says : Some journals recently publishing letters representing that communications of an unfriendly nature had passed between France and Spain are now obliged to confess that none have taken place, and that our diplomatic relations with France could not be more cordial. DENMARK AND SWEDEN. The proposal of Denmark for the capitalisation of the Sound dues was signed by Russia and Sweden on the fitb. Of the 36,000,000 rix-dollars claimed by Denmark, Russia will have to pay twelve mil lions (about 2,000,0001.), Sweden five millions, and Norway one million, rix-dollars. The Hanse towns, Lubec, Bremen, and Hamburg, on the other hand, have formally declined to accede to the Danish proposals, till the land transit duty levied by Den mark on goods passing through Holstein and Lauen • burg shall be abolished. The relations with the United States remain f r the present unaltered, but the treaty will eApire on the 12th of June. Prince Oscar of Sweden lett for Lubec on the 11th, en route to Belgium and Paris. TURKEY. Omer Pacha was organising movable columns to overrun the provinces where agitation existed. A letter from Constantinople, in the Augsburg Ga zette, says : It is affirmed that some foreign troops will remain in Turkey, notwithstanding what has been said to the con trary. The Porte at first protested against this prolonged stay, and the great powers consented readily to meet her views; but at the same time they pointed out the con• sequences of insurrection against the execution of the new Hatti-Scheriff which might attend the immediate de parture of all their troops. The Divan hesitated in the face of these considerations, and, after mature reflection, requested that a corps d'armee should remain for an un defined period on the Turkish frontier. The disturbances at Nablous, Konieb, and Mag.. nesia appear to have subsided, and the Hatti.Scheriff would seem likely to be carrie out. Persia, it appears by reports, has concluded a commercial treaty with America—with three articles which tend rather to turn it into a treaty offensive and defensive. The first of these, says a letter trom Constantinople, states that— The Persians not being a maritime nation, the Ameri• cans will be obliged for the advantages which the treaty grants to their commerce to have a fleet in the Persian Gulf, in order to defend Persia against the enterprises of whatever maritime nation should attack her. The second gives the Americans the right to have their ships of war in the Shea-ill-Arab, the mouth of the Tigris ; and the third of these articles allows them to have a factory at Kurnab. The Fremden Blatt learns from Bucharest that Count Coronini has received telegraphic instructions to begin on the 15th to move his head-quarters and a part of the troops across the Wallachian frontier into Austria. Half the army of occupation is to remain for some time to come. ITALY AND SARDINIA. General Dabarmida, formerly Minister, is about to start for St. Petersburg on a special mission. He will bear the answer of King Victor Emmanuel to the notification of the accession of the Emperor Alexander 11. M. Manin has addressed a letter to the Doritto of Turin. The ex-dictator declares his confidence in the Piedmontese Government to effect the liberation of Italy, and be remarks particularly that Sardinia, at the late Congress, made no concessions to the "eternal enemies of Italy—Austria and the Pope." M. Mania concludes : No, the l'iedmontese Gov - e•rnment has not abandoned the cause of Italy ; it has not been unfaithful to its national mission. Its titles to the gratitude and confidence of the national Italian party are increased, and its moral import ance, its influence, and consequently its force, in Italy and outside Italy, have become enlarged. It has taken • new step in a line in which, sustained, and, if necessary, im pelled by the opinion of the country it governs, and by the 463 applause, the sympathy, and the gratitude of the other Italian provinces, it will be easy for it to progress, and from which (as 1 hope and believe) it will be impossible to draw back- The debate in the Chamber of Deputies upon the treaty of peace was concluded on the dth. Count Mamiami supported the policy of the Govern ment. M. Brofferio denied the benefits of the Anglo-French alliance, and pointed to the treaty of the 15th of April to show that I'iedmont by her exclusion from that treaty could not consider herself safe. Count Cavour replied that England, France, and Austria had determined to make any act of ag gression against Turkey in Europe, Asia, or Africa a ensue beUi, but Sardinia had not thought proper to go that length, and voluntarily abstained from signing the treaty. M. Cadorna then asked Count Cavour if he had any objection to read the "note" communicated by him to the Governments of France and England, dated April 16, 1856 ; and also questioned him as to the truth of the reports in circulation as to a con cordat being negotiated with the Court of Rome by the Sardinian Government. Count Cavour answered the first question by reading the "note." As to the second, he declared that under present circumstances it would be impossible to enter into fresh negotiations. Some years back, he said, the Government had been recommended by exalted personages (i.e., the Emperor of the French; to en deavour to reconcile its differences with the Court of Rome ; but now those same personages, seeing the tendency of the Austrian Concordat to revive media val institutions, had altered their opinion, and en couraged the Sardinian Government in preserving the rights of the civil power. Finally, M. Cadorna proposed to the Chamber to declare its approval of the Ministerial foreign policy, and express a wish that it should persevere in the same track. This motion was supported by Count de Revel and M. Moia (the former the leader of the Right, and the latter a member of the Left), and, on the motion being put to the vote by those in favour standing up, the whole house rose en masse, with the exception of Count Della Margherita and some half dozen members of the extreme Right. The result was received with loud and repeated cheers from both the galleries and the body of the house. A fur ther discussion took place on the 10th, in which M. Cavour observed that, though France and England bad not yet officially replied to the note of the 16th of April, they supported the position maintained by Sardinia. They did not wish to reply until sure of the effect of their words. " When two great powers," observed M. Cavour, " declared their opinion, that opinion could not remain without results." AMERICA. By the drag° we have dates to the 3rd instant. A cruel outrage upon, and murder of, several passengers had occurred at Panama. Central American affairs were absorbing the at tention of the Senate at Washington. Mr. Weller offered a resolution calling on the President for all correspondence regarding the recognition of the new Government of Nicaragua. In the late contests between'Walker and the Costa Ricans some important correspondence between the Costa Ricans and the English Government had been captured. A series of conflagrations had occurred in Phila delphia, destroying between forty and fifty buildings and their contents, of the value of at least 2,000,000 dollars. The Presidential election was causing some ex. citement. Mr. Buchanan's reception everywhere had been enthusiastic. INDIA AND THE CAPE. Little intelligence of any moment has arrived by the mail of the 16th. India was tranquil throughout. The " absorption " of Baroda was to be accom plished. The Governer•General remained at Calcutta Cape of Good Hope papers to the 22nd March inclusive have come to hand. On the 13th his Excellency the Governor, Sir G. Grey, opened the third session of the first, Parliament of that colony, with the usual formalities. Peace and prosperity prevailed. The Kaffir chiefs expressed a strong desire to continue friendly relations with the British Government, and though every dependence was placed upon their word, his Excellency declared that the Executive Government would not be lulled into an unwise security on that account, but at all times be prepared for any outbreak that might be made, though at present not at all expected. AUSTRALIA. Intelligence from Melbourne to the 4th Feb. has arrived. Mr. Haines continued in office. In the council, the " Electoral Act" has passed through committee, the "ballot clauses," as they are called, having been added, despite the opposition of the Go vernment, which however, on their resumption of office, decided on treating the question as an open one. An ingenious attempt on the part of the squatters to procure a kind of legal _ upon their rights as "occupiers of Crown had been defeated. The Government adjudication rown lands," successfully