Star. — London, England, 1819-08-06 00:00:00

I I R ~. rth. I 4 . t I . i‘ '. t I • I t 1 • . .•••• I t ; • 4 •' • . , el I I . • . ' . t . i, .1 t, t l / • • • 1 I . k , 1 i ?$' '1 . i , 1 . t . 1 ' 4 4 C , I, l k i 1 •i . ~ ` ' • k '? I 4 . i t .• I I, : employed in the argument has allusion to water, which always will find its own level if means be not employed to prevent it, as by damming up on the one hand, or underdraining on the other. Will any one contend that a man desirous to obtain more water than he has, to move the machinery of his establish ment, has a right to work like a mole, and by getting Under his neighbour's fish pond make a way for the water toiled its level in his own milt dam? Our Contemporary will, we think, readily compre hend this argument. In its practical application it resolves itself into this conclusion ; that no man has any right, from the laws of social intercourse, to com pel other people to pay any part of the wages of his workmen : hi has no right to say I will only pay you osze-half of the wages to which you are entitled, you must go to the Parish for the other halt—or starve. —ADAM SMITiI has said, and said truly, that labour should be left to find its own level—but in his very statement he asumes that no third party shall be called upon to furnish any part of the remuneration. We subjoin a letter from another Manufacturer; contain ing some most sensible observations on this subject, and well deserving of attention. He has read and ' studied ADAM SMITH, and those who would take any part of his doctrine as an axiom, should not overlook corollaries;Lis for his whole doctrine is founded on the principle that a man must always live by his work, and , his wages must, at least, be sufficient to maintain him. " They must even upon most occasions be somewhat more; otherwise it would be impossible for him to bring up a family, and the race of such workmen could not last beyond the first generaiion." And he inclines to the opinion, that the labour of an able bodied man is " computed, at the lowest, to be worth double his maintenance."—( Vol. i. in ninth edit. pages 102 and 103.) We have contended, and we still contend, and what is more, we are certain that we shall at last prevail, that the workmen should be paid their fair wages by their employers and not by others ; and we do main tain that they should be forced to pay them, but not ala BONAPARTA as has been imputed to us. How then ? Precisely by turning the artillery of the un just employer against himself. He says, "Go to the Parish for ONE HALF of your wages." Let the Parishes, in return, say, " GET THE traotsfrom your Master !" But how is this to be effected? Of this we have a practical example ; for happily the principle for which we have been contending is beginning not only to be understood but to be acted upon.— In the STAR of Monday last we informed our Readers - that at Leicester it had been resolved that the prices of labour agreed on between the Master Frame-work-Knitters and their workmen in 1817, should not be reduced. To effect this it was agreed in Vestry at Hinckley, and with the approbation of the Vicar and High 'Sheriff, that a Ten penny rate should be raised for the support of those who might be deprived of employment, by refusing to work un der the prices agreed to by the Masters in 1817— See the STAR of Wednesday. Let this example be followed by other Parishes, and the masters will be compelled to give wages adequate to the maintenance of their workmen. What has been the effect in Leicestershire? An increased demand for goods. For the buyers now see that no hope of farther reduction in the wholesale prices is to be expected. Another instant benefit will result from the adoption of our system : the men, being paid a fair price for labour, will be under no temptation to work eighteen hours, instead of twelve, a day ; and of course eigh teen men will find employment, while twelve only are in work at present. Our limits oblige us to close our remarks at present, subjoining the letter to which we have alluded above : --- 19.TELE FREEHOLDERS OF WILTSHIRE. • , T" glorious victory which I ovit to your virtuous exertions in the sacred cause of Independence, is at length t achieved, and I am placed in that alevsta station to which I aspired, upon no other principles than those which I was sure you would finally approve, and dignify by your general sanction. The day of my succes ts that from which I must nornore mate professions of principle. The sincerity of all my past declara tions I must now evince by the faithful discharge of sny most Important public duties, and by my ever vigilant regard to your In terests, Rights, and Privileges, committed to any care as one of your Represcitatives in the Legislature. To obtain your favour bat ever bear. the main ambition of my life. It must now be my anxious study, by deserving a continuance of it, to retain anal to tmprove it. I nine th'..l triumph which we have gained, because I con sider it Ilk triumph of that Indepuidence, without which we can pever be happy even in prosperity, and can never deserve to he proven: is. It is the triumph of the principles of British Liberty, and of our invaluable Constitution. Rvir grouted for the honour to which I have attained, by youriadep.adent Suffrages, I r mvu, . Your most obliged, faithful, and devoted Servant, Sanatory, Augiutt:4, 1019. JOHN BESETT. THE EVENING STAR. LONDON. • FRIDAY; AUGUST 8, 1919. Tag 'NNW. • PDT= 01VITOOKil TIM DAT AT ODA O'CLOCK : ' Bank Stock 239 • 3 per Cent. Reduced 71if 3 per Cent. CAmsols 701 711 i Si per Cent. 808-4 per Cent. 90th 5 per Cent. Navy 104(ti Bank Long Annuities 19 1 , 163•18 India Bonds 10 11 pre. • Exchequer Bills (2d.) 1 2 pre. par Omnium 4i 4 pre. Consoli for. Acct. 70/ 71H. We are happy to find that the question which we have agitated respecting just and equitable remune- ration for labour, is taken into discussion, and with a proper temper and feeling, by those of our contem poraries who cannot yet entertain our views upon the subject. We have particularly in our eye a respec table Morning Paper (the Herald) which cannot be charged with having ever shewn a want of due feel ing to the .claims of humanity. To the statements on this question, in that Paper, we shall therefore pay due attention ; fully persuaded that the Editor will de us justice in one point in which he has mis taken, or rather assumed what be coaceives to be, necessarily, the measure we would recommend' for obtaining, practically, the improvement which we aim at, in our present condition—and if we succeed in convincing him of his mistake, it is possible he may yet lend his powerful aid to the accomplishment of the object we have in view ; for we have never found him backward to avow and to correct any erroneous opinion, taken up from hasty views, or ra ther, perhaps, from erroneous premises. On some vital principles we are already agreed. Alluding to the STAR he says : " We readily enter into the spirit in which a respectable Even ing Paper has taken up the distresses of the poor. The princi ple it enforces has been more than once previously brought for ward by us, viz. that among the means of taking the mass of the manufacturing workmen out of the hands of agitators, the most efficacious might be, benevolence on the part of the Pub lic at large, and of the manufacturing employers in particular— and ,it is matter of regret and surprize, that the alarming pro gress of sedition. and the agonizing cries of distress, have'not already opened the'channels of charitable contribution. We also expressed the wish that a conciliatory arrangement of wages might be brought about between the workman and the muter. 'Our evening aotemporary contends that the Master-manufactu rers cotdd, with reasonable profit to themselves, give higher wages, and that they should beforeed to it .'" FROM A MANUFACTURER. So far we are agreed , reserving , however, to give Sts--I have attentively read the letter signed" A MANUFAC. our own explanation of the sense to be given to the rotten," inserted in the STAR of Tuesday. concluding words, " that they (the Masters) should As my sentiments are in a great measure in unison with that writer upon this branch of political economy, I shall not take up be forced to give higher wages." We have not em- any part of your valuable Paper by going over the same ground, ployed these express words; but we have no objection but briefly refer you to the practical result of the very plan to adopt them as our own—not, hpwever , with the sense which be recomm ends, and which has been constantl y acted which as to the mode of accomp lishment he would have , upon in Spitalfields for many years. In the 15th year of his present Majesty an Act was passed, to be taken as that which we recommend. That he enabling the manufacturers and the journeymen weavers of the has mistaken our meaning, is plain, frcm the mode silk-trade to settle among themselves the price of labour; and he has pursued to combat the spectre which he has when they were igreed as to the price of making any articles,l r aised. That we may avoid tne possibility of mis- they went before the Magistrates, who ratified the agreement I', and this 'fixed price becomes, by law, the regular wages of the stating his argument , we sh a ll g ive it in his own words: journeymen, until it may be altered by any subsequent /Atreus/I .a It is very likely ( s ay s the Mornin g Herold) that if BONA- TARTE had found Imperial France in the same predicament, he in this district; and I give it as my deagreement would have sen t Commissioners to the manufacturing towns, I have for many years been one of the principal sillt.manufac .who should settle the rate, and imp ose it arbitrarily u p on both tiara's.z,ded op i n i on , a nd as the rest* of much practical knowledge, that this Act has parties. We will suppose the rate might even be fair, but still secured to the industrious journeymen what may be considered the imposition of it would be a monstrous violation of political as a fair price fur their labour. It has kept the district perfectly commercial freedom. Neither could it be im p osed b y the quiet, an d pre. vented the enthrone rise of the poor-rates which wor kmen, or even by the majority, or b y an y number of the we must have had recourse to, to make up for the deficiency of trasters, without violating the principles of freedom, according the earnings of the industrious poor, had they been oppressed to to which every-individual has a right to catty on trade. In fact, tabour, like any oth er artic l e In the market, must be left to find that degree which has been so awfully witnessed in those p arts its own level according to the demand for it. The master ma of the country which have been 12ft without any kind of cheaply legisla nufacturer has the sa tive interference. The average amount of the earnin g s of m y t.se right to purchase labour as as eymen is not more than from 15s. to 165. per week, though he can, which the lab ourer has to bu y his loaf as cheaply as he Ourn can. The establishment of a minimum, in the one case, would I keep them constantly employed throughout the year. This, surely, cannot be deemed more than fair wa g es ; and with this, be as unjust and preju dicial as that of a ntazinsum in the other." the multitudinous poor of Spitalfields are satisfied. They are We have not yet recommended any direct interfe peaceable and orderly; and notwithstanding attempts have been route by Government to settle the price of labour. made by Deputies from the North to excite in them a spirit of We have not proposed that labour should not, like revolt, they continue to maintain a becoming respect for the any other article, be left to find its own level. We legalized authorities of the land, and a high regard for the esta have been contending for a principle, which, when Wished gradations in society. Out bow are the poor opp ressed in other parts of the'country? well understood, will bp acted up on b y the Public, Look to Coventry, and to many of the principal manufacturing to prevent labour front being DEPRESSED BELOW its district' In the north. There the poor journeyman labouil bud proper level, by artificial means In fact, some of the for sixteen houri a day, for about 6s. or 75. per week ! This will doctrines laid down by our Economists have been not afford tread for his children. With a breiken heart he is misun,e:stood and misapplied. The figure of speech orced to apply to the parish for a few shillings per week, it make up the deficiency. The hard-working industrious man is made a pauper; and in this degraded state, he is driven to beg for that at. he hands of au Cliffirseer, which, in justice, he has a right to demand as the lawful price of his labour. Thus he sinks in - the scale of society ; this operates greatly to the deterioration of his morals, and finally produces ah alienation from that coon tryand Government under which he cannot live by his honest industry. 1 know that the disaffection of the manufacturing and labour lag poor throughout the kingdom arises PRINCIPALLT FltOM 21119 CAUSE, and that it does not proceed from the temporary distress of those who are out of employ. It is in vain to talk about the depressed state of trade not affording better prices far labour. — It can make no difference to the country, whether you pay the I l journeyman 7 , s. per week as wages and 7s. per week out of the parochial fund, or whether he is paid the 14s. by his employer as the fair price of his industry. In either case, the cost for the article is the same, and nut a single piece of goods more or li.ss would In manufactured during the year. If the former plan be much longer persisted i n—if men continue to " ke,.p back the hire of' the poor ;" to " use their neighbour's service without wages, and give them not for their work," it will ruin the mo_ rals of the lower classes of society, and pave the way for the must awful consequences ; whilst, on the contrary, the latter would restore peace, comfort, and comparative prosperity, to our numerous and industrious poor. I am well aware of the objections of many great and good men to the principle lam now advocating. It is asserted, that the Legislature ought not to interfere in these affairs of trade, that labour must be free, and that it must be left to find its own level, and be paid in proportion to itirdemand. These, they say, are the sentiments of Dr. Adam Smith, as laid down in bis `‘ Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations." But it never entered into the mind of that greai man to pay a labourer but half his wages, and then make up his deficiency from the poor rates. " A man (says he) mast always 11.. e by his work, and his wages must, at least, be sufficient to 'maintain him . They must even upon most occasions be somewhat more ; other_ wise, it would be impossible for him to bring up a family, and the race of such workmen could not last beyond the first gets,- I ration." And he inclines to the opinion, that the labour of an able-bodied man is " computed at the lowest to be worth double his maintenance." (Vol. i. in 9th edit. pages 109 and 103.) It has been wisely remarked, that the whole cyst em of polity and government is a system of compromise between what is perfect in theory and what is praeticable in execution. If it should be found that the , manufacturers throughout the country do not unite, and by wholesome regulations advance the price of weaving, it will become the Legislature to interfere and put a stop to that system, which, if persevered in, will ultimately involve the country in universal ruin. The great anxiety which you have manifested to improve the morals of the poor, and better their condition in human, life, will render unnecessary any apology for the insertion of these hasty remarks, whilst it will add to the many obligations already conferred upon, Sir, your constant reader, Wood-street, Spitalfields, Aug. 5. WILLIAM HALE. The Paris Papers of Tuesday arrived this forenoon. The trial of Professor BAvoux has terminated in his acquittal. The verdict was received by three distinct rounds of applause. M. BAVOUX left the Court, accompanied by about .50 youths exclaiming, Long live Bavoux ! The representation at the Theatre of Lisle of a Piece called Le Soliciteur, has been the cause of a quarrel between some young people of that city and the Officers of a regiment of Infantry stationed in garrison there; The Author had• permitted himself I to indulge in some pleasantry about theftudal state; the Officers thought proper to evince their disappro bation ; the townsmen, on the contrary, were loud in their applause; and, as is too often the case, the par tiet were proceeding from words to blows, when the interference of a superior Officer of the Regiment quelled the disturbance. Next day the Colonel ha?. ing assembled the Officers, desired to know those who had hissed on the preceding evening on the oc casion of the allusion to the feudal state ; fourteen of them immediately give up their names, when the Colonel demanded their swords, and ordered them under strict arrest. _ - - A rumour of an intended Congress of Ministers at Carlsbad, acquires daily greater appearance of pro bability. Ministers from all parts have been for some time moving towards this point of destination. M. ALOPEUS, the Russian Plenipotentiary at Berlin, and Count VALLEJO, the Spanish Minister there, left that capital for Carlsbad on the '23d ult. The Madrid Gazette has not as yet ventured to say any thing of the recent events at Cadiz. It merely announces the rewards conferred on Generals ADV,- SAL and SARSPIELD. Count MONTIJO, who was removed about a year, ago from the government of Grenada and exiled to' Burgos, having recently ventured to pay a visit to Madrid in the disguise of a muleteer, was arrested on his return to Burgos. and conveyed to Valladolid. This Nobleman was of singular service to FERDI• NAND on the occasion of the affair of Aranjuez on the 18th of March, 1808, and enjoyed for some tune a great share of his Majesty's. confidence. It appears that the Eit•Mioisters CASA Lamm and PIZARRO have been conducted to Valverde, a small village in the environs of Madrid, and placed in a Convent, where they are strictly guarded. This measure has been taken in order to accelerate and facilitate the proceedings which have been instituted against them. The latest advices received at Madrid from Cadiz state, that tranquillity had been perfectly re-esta blished in the Army, and that the soldiers had taken little share in the conspiracy. A General Officer had been added to the number of the arrested ; several individuals had sought their safety in flight. " This affair," continues the Madrid \Vi iter, with an amus ing degree of seriousness, " has only relaxed the pre parations of the Grand Expedition; orders have been given to replace the troops whu have been disat ined ; thus the result will be merely a shurt delay in the de parture cf the Expedition." It is easy for Ikatni..sat4. to give orders; he may call spirits trout the exit) deep" if he pleases ; but will they come when h e , virgin petticoat embroiderer, cloth call them? It is generally understood at Ma irid that the pr. voy of the United States insists in the strongest r n . net for the Ratification of the Florida T- e: , •P that unforseen difficulties have been throw n i n not by Spain herself, but by certain fuieie Fx.antNaNto still remains at Sacedon. The arrest by the order of the Kiag of p i Professors Arndt, and the brothers Walker. with an opposition from the Civil Au;' ); Bon, whiCh must we imagine be not v e ., table to the despotic taste of this Monarch. The seizure of these Gentlemen had been an Officer and some Gend'armes, who It patched from Berlin for the purpose; the P immediately appealed to the Civil Authori-a place, representing that they could not drugged trom their homes by a military fat they were only untenable to the Civil A, under whosejurisdictien they lived ; and the owed to that Authority responsibility, they from it protection. The Magistrates felt t of the appeal, and made the emissaries of It, give up their prisoners, who have neverthel their word of honour that they will not le; but abide the result of any prosecution wl be legally instituted against them. • The same Sovereign of Wixom wt have speaking, has just favoured the woild w: singular specimen of Royal clemency. Color szunAcu, as our Readers may recollect, demned, for certain unpublished effences, sonment for life. His MAJESTY, we are been graciously pleased to commute thu into imprisonment forfourteen years. Tb this commutation will be fully appteciated, add that the unfortunate object of it is aim verge of his seventieth year! French 5 per cents. Monday, 71 f. 70 c. A Dutch Mail arrived this forenoon, w; to the 4,th inst. We extract from them th( striking article on thz subject of the late Germany : HEIDLEBURG► JULY 22, The arrests which have taken place at time in different parts of Germany, and es) Prussia, have caused much uneasiness. It is remarkable that the persons arrest cused, particularly in Prussia, are the sal who, in 1812 and the succeeding years, for the deliverance of Prussia and Gen are the same apostles of national iadepei rose, with the most zeal, in a mass French—who declared the war to be a people—and who, in a certain point of deserved the Lame of the Deliverers of The whole affair cannot fail to draw the all Europe; and it is impossible to Fortance which every writer gives to thi which the diplomatic mcvan:nts tha. this moment do not tend to diminish. It that the plot was discovered at the nik the Prussian Government could no long.. it seemed, the proclamation of the Constitl is also remarked, that the King of Pros Berlin a few days for Carlsbad, and that ters of Austria and Russia suddenly left ' Advices have been received from Cl of March. By the subjoined extract of an English Gentleman resident in that will be seen that a formidable force wa , of , marching, for the purpose ot liberal fi om the yoke of Spain : From the period of the flight of chez from Conception, the whole of thi found itself on the best footing of secur possible to desire. The whole of the ten now free, presents a vast field for cf agriculture, and tor Chilian arts ; and sources of the Government seem to every way, multiplied. Nothing can expedition against Lima, which is qi march. This expedition is composed of 10th, and 11 th battalions of infants' Ayres, of a battalion of Cazadores, ginient o f mounted grenadiers of that cher with the 2d, 6th, Bth, 9th, and 11 of the infantry of GAR, of the regime' Ilusbars, and of the 2d brigade of Al State. The rest of the army of the Old Chili remains to march to the as! capital of the Rio de la Plata, in case which is expected from Spain should , such reinforcement should be necessary " The Supreme Director of Chili has Ayres, Don Luis de Cruz and Don Cavareda, as Commissioners to promot Government and General Artigas, an their differences, offering his giaranu observance. Here it is believed that a concluded atair, and that the Col named has only for its object to ob! agreed upon between the parties. la they already know a little ot the pit which is copied in the old one." Numerous Copies of the subjoined had been sent to Lord COCHRASEI along the Coast of Peru, to prep:xi e tor the approach ot the Liberating .4 • PROCLASIATIOV OF THE SUPRE:.... OF CHILI TO TILE HAIIITA N ' The moment approaches in which :he It et rii . ..! Chili must protect your beautiful regions,. t er, you sill at last asiume, moor.; die 11411J:li u So.' em? bt h,k ., : h unnerie a :gemi t :lnp,.s t litherrpt l ioas i t e owittenollewa t .at7ircr e et..f. .. S hen :16.4° 4 d cf he, . s t -eat• ..vet .. •cred Cy dl e oriti jonn,. .att for • arthi t c o e h i r teh‘t i . \, t ..ah i L e et,leit ‘ caspecteti o i, f ::ll4 : : rt 4 y. l) eou r u rivce " . 4 ; t t . ; .you th ens; atio v e'ir pal ? , ors ouTP eers :124 , 4 aJrY 10 xce Tt ct w not ihul of teS atmit • . rtheless gitei .• lest, been ec ‘°lc'' t, itlli s l s e 'a la s 3: c oss . AC , ylel It) tat aces, to ia l pf, rb are told, the this senti r Tire value ve... lated, whet already os .we en, 70 c. e in, with P... on the fcao • , ine late arrests 12. 'lll :e at the crt ul especially • Yt crested and . .nit ,e same p • .sp ears, cont.. • Germany: .• ssi lependence ass against • e a war of .• of slew, ' of German: at the attettior • mistake the ;. ) the aiin, a c• ha. we per cc . It is rem '• to morneat longer skis!, - 2onstitutiol Prussia hat'. l that the N.e left Berlin. ef 1 .0 Chili to tie t of a letterf. that country, h; was on the liberating '• e , of General. ir. cf this State. .t, • security that it he territory , r T commerce, And hence tl-c to !yet'. can retn,l is quite ed of the 7th, antry of es, and of that State: Id 10th b ;iincnt of rri- F Artillery ti the Andes nt e aSsiSt2l l Ce d case the es • std be so gra A C has sent to 1 • . )on Salvs , l l a smote beiwer , , an adjustO .antes for it, a that this is COMMISSiC2, ObSeffe 1:1!C 13 the se' '1 to phAnt''' ,ined Prcc/ 1 ' : W be e the I Arm': • • 'lt EMU DrE,i A s . iss of N a. 4, w, p T I~ ~' :i~ i'iT i'~ ~,~~~ I i