Star. — London, England, 1819-05-19 00:00:00

on just s and legitimate b. Fl..:(,J,t:poraical strength; and MI that tars. I L e world, to which, as a great EQ. • 1. ~ s h e was entitled, and which if was the, ro . • J t . , .. .ri.ry ' • ther Power that she should alwaye' • But it was against Revolutionary France t h a t the spirit of British !stalky had been di-' • When this country stood alone, acid when 4-oper.i•ed with the other great European States, ;is cc e.slly averse from allowing any opportu to th.it Revolutionary France of extending her l utare and eissernihating her. principles, and in :. r „..„C , of conscious dignity she had overthrown the and brought about ate sera of peace and re :tu:ion. There was no jealous feeling now existing .ether in the Councils of this country or those of bee towards that people, now enjoying a r lawful . i ,„„nicent and the institutions of rational liberty. Mem such a feeling being operative with re. _ in .! to the interests of France, it was the sincere de 're of all the Allied States to see her prosperous and 1 cap.tble of standing on a level with the rest. bsor.3l.k. . Honourable Gentleman had Qgcused the c„, . 7 ..nient of being indifferent to the eommercial or the cAuntry ; but he should be prepared proper time, that the commercial ince to at a r esti cf Great Britain had been, since the peace, eon. fide:Lir advanced ;with respect to facility a ma r _ and extent of commercial intercourse, the mei cx.tile property of the country hadneVer been equal is a mount by one third, to what it 'has beat within e, list four years ; and for the last two years it was tic g rea t es t ever known. But the Right Hon. Gen i2mban had blamed the Government, as neglecting Li k e advantage of circumstances favonrable for akin" commercial treaties ; but he trusted that Iv re was more wisdom, and a more liberal policre-. itirar)—a policy that did not knock at'every -door pelt at narrow and partial compacts, which could u:dycleg a:al imphde the spirit of British commerce, t hicl., it left to act fteely and independently, and to iti way by its own laws, Must become prospe rous:a...l es,tended ; - narrow views god little policy sets ing, would be fatal to the great and c.,:..rivietive system of commerce, which, on broad c nlightened principles, established its mete pros- - s—t:sat system would not be served, said the .. , le Lord, by winclim itself up in the bowels of r:ry State- 7 (Cries of Hear, hear, and laughter.)- IChen this country *vas introduced iota the heart of Spin—when it was introduced into the heart of Por tc,a—that was not the time to take an ungenerous airantige of the circumstances of those States, and &scenti to seize an opportunity of making bargains, Nothing could be more contemptibly unworthy than such a line of proceeding. He would pretest against it ;Ins-, though he had not heard it_ on this occasion fir the first time. The Right Hon, Gentleman had rinsadvetted on the treaty with America. He had szii it was a treaty of concession, and that the va liable possession of Newfoundhuid had been sacri fced to the weakness of Ministers. On that subject o,e Right lion. Gentleman had.shewn an absence of iSormation, beyond what could have been expected f:om one, or most subjects n*ually• Newfoundland was -not ceded by that treaty. Its cssion had arisen from a construction of past of the Treaty of Ghent, which had been left unsettled. But i; to tl.e treaty with America, it had met the interest approbation of both countries, and had never in any instance been complained of. To prove the bene- Ecial effects of that Treaty, it was only necessary to i:ate, that the amount of the commerce between this country and America was 10 or 12 million* annually. The Noble Lord then contended that if the Right Hon. Gentlemankad in his motion only the avowed ohject of inquiring into the circumstances of the coun try, he would have acted contrary to common sense, is dispensing with the consideration of the Bank Re im, and the state of the finances. But as the House had no time to throw away, he would advise the Honourable Gentlentess to endeavour to obtain tir l oiject in a more compendious way. The question rightly understood, was simply whether there ought to be a change of Ministers ?—(Hear). In order to decide that question, the Noble Lord did not think it world be necessary for the House to go into a Com rittee. The services of Ministers were not ea so forgotten--(Hear,)—bet it put himself and his col leagues in rather difficult circumstances, to state the merits of a question so personal. After the decision is the Scotch Burghs, and the Inquiry into the Cri-. miral Laws, perhaps another and more decisive ma-: Itity might be looked for.. Ile would not put his own case in any arrogant feint of view ; but be vould ask, where was the adore of on eminence, by which confidence ought to be destroyed ? (Hear.) The Right Honourable Gentleman had stated, that he saw no principle in the present Governnnnt ; but he would ask him, looking on him' as he did, as not one of the smallest stars on the other side, when, in the course of his political life, had the Right Honour able Gentleman himself displayed any thing Bte principle?—( Cheers.)—When had he 'hew* diet he acted upon a system of a 6ted and decided character? Ha had indeed :hewn considerabkdexterity, but eiat was not principle; and thoukh" his Conduct on that night could not properly be called trick, yet it vas at .cast management—(Hear, hear).-But ces linly with the aid of that kind of management the R:ght Honourable Gentleman had shewn the most retzveiing disposition to thwart his Majesty's Minis ulro,had opposed and turned aside the torrent eestit.ction—(Cheers).--TI i e best defence of the ii • s. . ••.er. was in a remembrance of the great events late history of the Country. The recollection of "t• y Englishman would furnish him with the most powerful of all arguments in suppott of the Admipi '-tri,tion under which was effected the deliverance of. o u "uty—(C4eers)—lhe flight Hon. Gentleman 1. ' 4 2 stated, that his Majesty's Ministers Were indiffe :ler, to the iutcrr.al interests of the Country since t he bat facts did not bear out such an assertion. Poor Laws, of which so much had been said, had ;;ore iavestigation; it was an im . portant snbject. Were r.ot indifferent to it. '1 he Charities of •.ry had been examined into, likewise the Cur b)* 0: t'.•.e Nation, the Bank Affairs, wad the hit the Right tionottrable Gentteinaticifd cieumiier his movements with any great stOTe of: ition of armmesst(A. laugh). Ile was to marshal his forces,. and appeir at the cl tl.em on a grand field-day—(4 laugh). The o . 11 G . ..curable Gentleman did not think .prop er c;f the time of parade until the discussion of the ' and financial Question. He foresaw 'iC. zatnliz. 7 anxic, 0 . soul t:^i.p~: CL' C'' autV i thea' a mon& kis lion; ?Pal ; splendid ai 131 6 fhre the nourable was in a sad state of •disorganization and in- A rmy - efficiency —soinefitnevs la upon one another in stead ludicrouso fth eenem scenes y f d u a sio ffo n r .,... din ( — of oi l a i u t g i d ca ' . ) l — co a n n things ra ßu n t ks no u w .ere confusion--(Laughter). u h g e l n :te n r st ). p iffe 4 r n e d nt t a p p p p o e ip a te radn_ece—every well wore dra p wn u Man in his place —every sentinel at hii post—every eye on the leader—and ever mouth locked, all Wait tile for the word of command with the most disci pl ned s fence and attention. The Noble Lord would not do well-drilled Whigs the injnstice to suppose that they had sacrificed their consciences to the views of their leader, or that they had signed a bond of unqualified obedience, constituting him their politi cal Pope—(A laugh.) But whatever might be it :the cause, their subordination wa s m os t comp let e : kept them to their duty, i nsens ible o f f at i ue d 'even indifferent to natural refreshment—(Cieb: an d 'even a n d laughter.) As to the Gentl emen on hi s o w n side s o f the House, he believed they were n o t so s t r i c t in their muster and arrangemeht, but perhap s it was, that, like all victor i ous armies,-they were nurs d a i s t; the lap of Indolence , to the . injary of their discip line. (A laugh.) But he had no doubt that they wo ln ul e. d again rally round principle, as they had done before, l and proclaim to the country and the Right Honour able Gentleman (Mr. Tierney) that such a trial as he was making of the temper of the Hoitse was not to be passed over with Impunity—(Ped cheering.) lie trusted that the friends of Government, iorerior as they were in numbers, were not to be overcome by superior dexterity and managetnent ; and however the Right Honourable Gentleman might display the effects of his prowess in reducing chaos into ordor, yet that spirit and those principles which had already borne the country through its past dangers, would -still maintain her cause, and ensure her triumph and security. Tice Noble Lord concluded amid loud cheers, by declaring that this motion would decide whether the Right Hon. Gentleman was to enjoy the confidence of the nation, or whether the good opi nion of the country, its wishes, and its strength was still with his Majesty's Ministers? Mr. G. L 4MB commenced by observing, that the Noble Lord had attributed to the Right !fon. Mover the practice of a political dexterity • but he would put it to the House whether for die last half hour the Noble Lord had given them any thing else but specimens of his dexterity?, The Honourable Mem ber then vindicated the Opposition from the charge of giving a vexatious resistance to the measures of tiovernment. Though they 'had diebred with the ftiends of the war on the propriety of its origin, yet during the whole continuance of it they had never opposed a vote of supply, though they pressed upon ,Government the necessity of negotiations when op portunities offered. The consequences of the was had since justified the opinion which his Iron. Friend had entertained of it ; the most dangerous of those con sequenees was the present state of financial embar rassment. He did not intend to undervalue the re sources of the country, but to extricate it frem its difficulties was a task beyond the powers of the pre sent Ministry. The Hon. Member then paid some encomiums to the Noble Lord and his Right Hon. Friend (Mr. Canning) individually, but declared that, as Ministers, they did not possess the confidence of the country ; therefore a change of Ministry was required. There was something in the Administration which ,even success could net raise. and to which even the ;sot splendid events could not impart their bril liancy. The Honourable Member said there was a littlenesy of management in their proceedings which 'disclosed the dificalties they endeavoured to conceal —(Mar, hear.)—Of such a nature was the scheme 'relating to Exchequer Bills, by lowering the interest for the put pose of lowering the National Debt.— The Honourable Member observed, that if the want of popularity which attended the present Ministry, was is consequence of their war measures and perse verance in the system of Mr. Pitt, that unpopularity came rather late—it would have been better d oha it operated to the prevention of the war, instead of !.‘ lowing its afflicting results—but it would teach na tions, in future, to pause before .they committed themseltoe to wars, the evils of which no human power could afterwards awn,. The Hon. Member declared, that the principle of economy and reduc tion would never he adopted by the present Ministry. He also protested against the mode of doing business by Committees as unconstitutional, and as 'dragging e Executive Power too much into the vortex of the House. The cause of economy required eternal vi gilance, and an eye ever watching expenditure. 'The measures -of the present Administration were very ex ceptionable, and it was not surprising that their sys tem of *nances should be so deranged, when there swas so much discordance in the Cabinet—(Hear,)— , The Noble Lord had undertaken to charge Gentle ' Men on that side of the time with being regularly disciplined and marshallee. in array against Admini stration. He (Mr. G. Lamb) seriously lamented that he was unable to retort the charge upon the Noble Lord's party, who could be accused of every thing in the world but unanimity. There was no one sub ject upon which they were all agreed, as some were found in the House voting for one question s and others of them opposing it. lie conclueled,hy aying that the present circumstances of the country demanded some inquiry, and under the conviction that this mo tivn would conduce to that, gave it his support. Lord CLIFTON spoke against the motion, but in a tone of voice inaudible in the Gallery. Mr. R. MARTIN observed, that as the question was now reduced into a very narrow compass, being nothing more than whether the House would select the Gentlemen on the Opposition or those on the Ma i- nisterial Benches , for the Members of Administr tion, he must claim his right to express his opinions upon it. If the contest of the evening wis t r o be cont est for power , he wou ld call on the Right Hop. Leader of the Oppo sition to step manfully info 1* arena, and there meet the Noble Lord face to fig4 l (Loud laughterfrom both sides gfthe How.) II call upon him to do this, in order that the caniptigh might be shortenedoted he (Mr. Martin) migh,Vitke his tette diseessit and depart for his coutitim freland.—(Laughter confirmed.) He repeated the at- tr. ap be litatenea; it tie sit war of posts..-- nen, whom he saw for a moment on 1 !embers of the form, the House caved no obligation to the • present to de. e present Government-- em the n nation. they had not returned him for -the County which he represented, though one proof of their popularity in it might be deduced from the circumstance which he was going to relate. Ile had canvassed 12,000 Free holders resident in his County, with the standard of Government unfurled—.-(loud and vehement In:teeter) ; and had in consequence obtained a great majority over the mighty minion of Opposition, Dennis Bowes Daly—( Continued laughter, and cries of Order, order, from different parts of the House).— A 4 the House did not seem inclined to hear him any further hd should sit down. Mr. W. WYNNE thought the question too much involved in the consideration of what probable Ili fluence it would have on the change of Ministers': and however well he was disposed to the preyldus question, feeling that the House was averscfrOm it,. he had made up his mind not to vote at all. Lord JOHN RUSSELL spoke warmly in Favour of the motion. He complained that no steps were taken to amend the Poor Laws, which Mr. Horner said had the effect of putting the people into a state of villanage. He also combated the notions adduced by the Noble Lord (Castlereagh) to justify the war with France,.and contended, that considering the re sults which flowed from it, so much blood and trea sure was badly spent in such a cause. He concluded by denying that place was the object of the origina tors of this motion ; and gave it as his opinion that the confidence and hold which they already had in the good wishes of the people, were more consolatory than power sustained by unpopular means. Mr. SINCLAIR said, that the Right Honourable 'Gentleman who had proposed this motion had saved. the House a great deal a trouble, by stating his ob ject to be to induce his Royal Highness the Prince Regent to dismiss his present Ministers. He thought that the Honourable individuals who held the Go vernment of the country were held up to scorn and contempt by the motion ; hut he was far from hold ing opinions of that description respecting Ministers; and saying this he might add, that he had the honour to be elected a Member of Parliaseent by the free and unbought votes of a county—(The remainder of the Hon. Member's words were inotiible in the Gat! ler#, owing to the burst of laughter whir) on the Oppo sition side followed the . deliverf of okeervation.) Sir FRANCIS BURDETI said, that the subject to which the Motion now before the House referred was one so yast, and included so many objects, that the eye could scarcely' take in the view which it suggested.- He felt inclined to address thelieose on this subject as a Roman Emperor had addressed the Senate" Non . seribani vobis, retires Conseripti Tx/ quod non possum seribere," &e. If the object sai the Motion before the House was brought forward merely for the purpose of effecting a change •iO niseration, he was ready to say, thatfor.his part'. did not lee what great advantage wpo/d be derived from it—(Hear, kepr, and some laughter.) He did not care what effect his remarks might produce on either side, if they served to elicit truth. An Honourable Member who followed the Noble Lord (Mr. George Lamb) had almost contradicted the force of his.ar gunaent, by his excessive candour in praising the Noble Lord who had then just sat down. He had de csribed another Member of the Administration (Mr. Canning) as possessed of great and transoendant elo quence and of talent which no one will deny. It was therefore strange that the present Motion should be considered as 'calculated to produce merely a change of Administration—(Hear, hear!) He (Sir F. Burdett) would say, that he knew the pre sent Administration to be justly unpopular through out the country at large, not merely in consequence dnancial difficulties, bu t on more important grounds .—On the grounds that they had sithverted all the an cient bulwarks of the Constitution.—( Cries of Hear! hest! from the Opposition sidc.)—lt was by subset yiency to Ministers that the Parliament itself, though a new one, had become unpopular. When the Noble Lord was praising the discipline of the forces, gnus tared, as he was pleased to say, by the Honourable Member who brought forward this motion, he might be considered as at the same time making an ha rangue to his own troops, whom he would call his household guard.—(Hear, hear, and laughing on the Opposition side.) He feared that no impression would be made on these disciplinarians, for a majority of tae House still consisted of the nominees of Peers ; and here he could not help saying, that such interfer leace in the election of Members for that House was in the highest degree opposed tosonstitutional prior iples. The Honourable Membery in the next instance, pro ceeded to notice the extreme distress and difficultitta which, as he stated, pervade the whole manufactur ing and agricultural system. He believed, he said, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer was at the end, of all his schemes, and that if he were to propose an ,Income Tax, it would be acceded to by a majority in that Douse, however repugnant it• might be to the 11 feelings of the people. He could believe, that ev en ,Income Tax, if brought forward by the Chancel lor of the Exchequer, would be acceded to ; for, al: though he was the least likely man in the world to dupe any one, he had persuaded the House . that one-pound note of the Bank of England, together with a shilling, was worth ooe guinea in gold, at a time when the guinea was selling in the market for much mere—(Cries of Hear, hear, and laughter.) — The Honourable Member nest took occasion to al lude to the state of Ireland, the people of which, he said, were rather iiiitated than injured under reli gious pretences. With respect to that country, whiela. had been so ;ankh misunderstood, and couceraingl 'which so man) , absurd prejudices prevail in England, he said, that in the visit which he made there, he had been most agreeably disappoiuted. Injustise and prejudice , he said, had represent ed t h e Irish as .savage, but if they were so, he could only say; that they were the gentlest on the face of the earth—(Hear, hear.) Ireland was perhaps the only country in which if a person' were thrown on the shore, solitary and*. stitute of every means of support, he might craves over the entire country, and would .obt ain the, spia• patby and hOspitality of the poorest cotiaget, ski whose door he should present himself—(hear, -0- • `. %il MC! 4.5.4V.!1 . . s. :. ;% k . • -. I .1r! . t • . ,AI lbw . it t te t it's iltSetttiUSe Me Ilt jug cm, pe-ttoti -ti At 014 tlivilfaigii Would be 111 • . ...1 . '1.111. .1. : f -' ' 1 h . C A l— "A t f4l l 9s ) 11 04 - PA Sr, IciS re i hiel-, rentesk4ipi patties wou,icrgite up alti `avole ) Mich• ad.twAttliiitis t x pli the 44- W4igkter.) .X( the modest, Gentlemen, ti z his. Otiiiio mit lie. paratlpd . .iiiis., t grithe opposite beaches, wOold'ltep for At thiie iiixer; alicil . lievrea hi ',2-otaliis . in al the to the Treasury %welt ; 4nd name the ,! airay of a I‘fahratta tonfederacy r .(o . eas). Administratim, which they wished to lot is events which had given that Itighk,Bo- would be better enabled 'than it was it Gentlembn the command, the. sfreat Whig. tide which of the parti“ ought to gove is in a cart atntn ~f' •d:..._.'......--..-- -_'.l !.... tr_ _ . ... LIIIO-••••••• 4.4rOspi table ti.rgiiiiii*liit,St e sti Is v t~ts is as ult. of all'ilifi iittat i sruirtry; from the highest - 1W the most hu mble; - aitcr when reflected 011114, system whith had been adopted towards ra.th,a p l / 4 0, le, • when he considered that some pet sons coullsee roily , the lea errors which might perhaps exisz in the Irish character, but none of its virtues, r it reminded him of Ora comparison of such persons to the btetl..s which travels over the delighl.ful adornetwith every abject that is beautiful and healthful, in °rake that it may at length settle and feed upon carrion— a. (llritr, hear).—With regard to Scotland, it had been said that an important measure had been carried for it. As to this measure, he would only sayAceipio . fmtstutnque sit ! He was lifraid, how ever, that the House would not give the Scotet that power which alone could procure them redress, gamely, the power of electing those persons who 0 " • were to dispose of their property.--(Ikor, hear).— • The people of England had committed the same error as the people of Scotland, and it had beers equally destructive to each. Ilz feared. that they would not get redress. And yet without a t atioral Reform nothing could he done that would give real force and energy to the measures dr Government. Ministers might rest assured that there couldnot be - a truly powerful and solid system of Goverrimem, if they were' not supported' by a House . of, Cornmotts , possessing the con fi dence of the ceountry,t and that it was impossible that the House of C e omusems, unleis a Reform took 'slice ? .couldPasKiss ifte . ,lnnAden4e and support of the people. '',, , Without t raip*t.:lleforna nothing would be done, even, respeguek :the Poor Laws. 'With regard'tik the inkjec i t y O_llasaiet, he • would be s ierT'short. The questron,,Ohe Bank had truly said; was nbe iihthertliefsholilikPay in specie, hut whether the 'ciiittrnsrinces..or the country would admit of a diminished circa:lin ?- 7 4(ffects, hear.) Mr. Alderman HEYGATE conceived that it was the duty of the Government to - Use :every possible means to promote economy, aq4 that therefore au inquiry into the State of the Nati o n was absolutely necessary, especially before any measures were re, sorted to, which; in the presette_ state of taxation, would reduce the circulating Medium below its amount, previous to the Bank restriction. , Mr. DICKENON conceived that a wide and a broad Administration was the Only means by which safety could be procured to the country ; ,, Mr. MARRYATT complain 4 that the sytem acted upon by Ministers h!dprOchsc.fd a ; goat nation in that comirierce t oNhibh,stifingtif.d war, we enjoyed a kind of monopoly. Ile sqqgls , :conclers;ped the issuing of Exchequerißilis:lhirother qprutes, which caused the great English capitalists to 'Myatt their money in foreign funds; .and tender that *wet • subservient to promoting the tointliterie of other countries. The consequence - of ;lithe 602.5E61 ram! sures of vacillating Ministers wat; ( that cOmmerce was paralysed, and no man knew what tbdo . witt his This state of things was owing to the absurd conduct of the Chancellor of the &Chestier. lie had a great respect for some of the Members of his Majesty's Administration. In what he now said, he wished to draw a line of distinction between the r e_ nonce Minister and some other Ministers, and it w because he approved of the conduct of the principal • Ministers, that he would now vote for the previous a 4 ~. • question. • Mr. MABERLEY said, he also had a respect for .bis Majesty's Ministers; but he would vote for the Motion, because he considered the country to be in suAlt - a state, as imperiously called for inquiry: BANIZES observed, that the Right Honour. able Mover of this question, avowed that it was meant to be a direct attack upon Ministers,. and he should oppose it on that ground: He, himself, had always endeavoured to keep aloof from partyLLVouri laughter)—he contended that he never had joined any party in that House ; and he believed, there was in the present Parliament,- as little party , as ever there had been in any former Parliament; ' • Mr. WILLIAMS supported the motion, because he dissented from the plans of the Right Honourable gentleman opposite. - Mr. CANNING said, that the motion bf the Right Hon. Gentleman, as fairly explained. and understood by almost every Gentleman who had taken part' in the debate, was, that the House should sit in jadk ment on the character, and pass a verdict on the Conduct, of the present Ministers of the Crown. One or two Members had indeed attempted to support the motion, while They renounced the conclusion ; but he would put it to the House, with all the quail : . Rations to which it was subject, whether it did not, involve the fate of those who at present possessed She confidence of the Crown, and carried on the functions of Government ? (Hear, hear.)—The issue.must be,. if the eight Honourable Gentleman carried his ob- . jeci, to pronounce the dissolution of the Ministry... 7. (Hear, hear, hear.)--In stating this be did not impute blame to the Right Honourable Gentleman, but allowed that his conduct had been frank and fair. — In looking. at the sate of alairs, it was impossible not to observe thaexertions,"however strenuous and however ardent, for the good of the country, might be frustrated by unforeseen circumstances. Perhaps , at this very moment an imperceptible danger was hinging over the country, which might fall at no distant period: 'ln saying this, holyeveri he begged to be understood as not alluding to any Follicular calamity which might befall . the nation, It was merely a vague spppbsition of his own—(freae.j.-- The Right Hcm.ffetAleman, had said, this tftC dig.. uity'aridbottiiir Of Vie country* had snftrcijAs kti f f ey greierdeasure real the exhaustion or i its fii4Fesr— and.he`pietned **think that some oPFortunitf. b e en krit of vindicating' the inttst,. asset-sing r i g h ts . ant! ifrcitoZting intern sthePalAPE• hnerefthed .to the tnitur )n ,i;ch . o 40(44 su blectehad been inhumanly put to ; deal kx,i4rl;r. Uhler* of the United s.tets-,OfFai9 ryi rg wtbli{t he Dad ddtti'he 'find stated nOthing.kso t ru tb„ eolidnoi chiracterjse site atrocious ac; An too g ltyuage • bat what had all cbis cosh, with a Commit on the State of the Natioft—aepwedly to be appointed m bring Miniiterito,the#O, as.,cl" urinals? Wit bad :it to sftS ofith .he question, un less the Governtheist were acCulea oc . backwarAness in not eillin? the /oneticans td accconnt for the 'con ,i;luct. of their, General ?, 'the 1001 4 *notpal)le hirirever, had gli e telf: ‘ aOrtilited, be . entertained doubts s4ccl! Ximiste 4 6 - had nct acted correctly in the cniihe'MtichltterlacitplEcx With the likit unfairness of argnment he hsd 2bramliotettipe e ,due non-interference of this coutr.ty to preveat the cession of 1 I , . t • ' 0. • I I i •. l ! • ! ' 1 • * i, • , r I I ! I i I I 1 .t , : I 1 . . i 1 , .. ; 1 1 . i I I I . 1 ' i I I 1 I I 1 i : ... . . . 1 I I . 1 1 . I 1 li 1 I ' 1 • ' I / • .—. . . - ;! i . ;, . . ~ . . • , I . , i ' 41 a 1 .. • I I . i . I t t tr I •,, I u , I , . . , . /1 • 4 . , ~i . 1: .1; 1 i t I ~ ,11 i • 1 .v . / 1 . • 1 ii t 1 • , ) • ' 1 ..:+ •: ....• A ,•___.---L._