The Express. — London, England, 1855-01-11 00:00:00

EXPRESS, THURSDAY EYEN!NG, JANUARY 11, 1855. srosesesy, If they are, how happens it that they were trilogy dispensed with in the Alecto, the Apollo, the Bloodhound, the Castor, the Ceylon, the Crescent, the Crocodile, the Cygnet, the Dasher, the Dolphin, the Fantointe, the Fia guard, the Frolic, the Harlequin, the Juno, the Lily, the Linnet, the Madagascar, the Medea, the Makes, the Minden, the Naiad, the Nereus, the North. Star, the Peignin, the Phaeton, the Phonix. the Plasma., the Pinto, the Porteus, the President, the Prince Royal, the Prometheus, the Racehorse, the Mimeo, the Royal George, the St. George, the Stromboli, the flume°, the Scorpion, the S wift, the Tartarus, the Torch, and the Victoria and Albert? In 1852, also, there is a still greater number of ships from which we are happy to say the return is nil. In them there were no bleeding backs and men screaming with agony; but, as there is only one re turn from many of them, we will not quote any more names of the ships which deserve inch honourable mention. We will merely say that many of those Which make the return nil in 1853 make the same return in 1834. We have quoted the names of all ships in which there was no flogging in 18.53 in order to show that under every circumstance in which a man of war is placed, at home or ►broad, as a guard ship or sea-going, little or big, some one is found in which flogging has been for the year 1853 wholly dispensed with. Let us ask, too, without the intention of incrimi nating particular commanders—for it is the system we condemn, though under such a system the esprit* of individuals has much room to play bloody pranks—how it is that in the whole year 1853, com prising four returns, we find in the Britannia, carry ing 120 guns, and having 1,000 men and boys, only 5 persons punished, and only 180 lashes inflicted, while in the Brisk, of 14 guns, and perhaps a crew of 150 men, in a part of the year comprised in three returns, 7 persons are punished, and 222 lashes are inflicted ? Or how does it happen that in the Queen, a great ship of 116 guns, only 10 persons were pun ished, and 144 tubes were inflicted, if any were, for the return does not say, in 1853 ; while in the Salamander, a little sloop of 6 guns, 14 persons were punished, and 417 lashes inflicted? In many ships there is no l flogging, in many others there is very little, and in others again there is a great deal, so that the bloody backs are distributed in very different proportions in different ships—five in the great three-decker Britannia, one to every twenty-four guns; and seven in the little single-decked Brisk, one to every two guns : ten in the great three-decked Queen, one and a fraction to eleven guns; and fourteen in the little mingle-decked Salamander, two and • fraction to every gun. We might quote similar instances, but we spare our readers the horrid recital. If flogging, however, can be done without in one ship it can by careful management be done without in all; and if it be almost dispensed with in a great many ships, in no one can there be any justifiable pre text for inflicting it in such quantities as in the little Salamander and the little Brisk, and several other ships. Under such a system can we wonder that the Army and the Navy are so much behind the age—that they have to learn the art of war from the barbarous Russians P From all the relations of civil life, trom those of master and servant, employer and employed, teacher and scholar, parent and child, from every part of civil society, except the most degraded classes. where the husband still too often lifts his hand against the wife, we have dismissed corporal punish ment as dishonouring and degrading. It was even put a stop to in our gaols till it was re ♦ived by a recent act, as a supposed cure for the vanity which sought notoriety from raising the hand against the Sovereign. But it is still retained in the Navy as the common punish ment for venial offences, such as drunkenness and disobedienoe, and for undefined and undefinable ' offences, inch as insolence and mutinous conduct. It is a striking illustration of the great truth expressed by Mr. MACAULAY, in one of his speeches on parlia mentary reform, though in his mouth it was a mere rhetorical and party flourish, enunciated for a pur pose, and not the representation of an abiding faith, "that barbarism belongs to the government, and civi lisation to the people." The barbarism we have de scribed is in her MAJESTY'S Navy, the improvement in manners, to which it is a contrast, is in the people. This is a state of things, as Mr. MACAULAY added, which cannot last; and the more the barbarism is cleansed out of her MAJESTY'S Navy, the more the Navy will be in accordance with the civilisation of the people, and the more it will be worthy of respect and honour.—Daily News. I t I THE OPERATIONS AT EUPATORIA. What is the obstacle which has hitherto rendered the capture of Sebastopol impossible? The Conati tugUmnel, which raises this question, replies : It is, that the allies have not bun able to invest the place; that the latter could obtain supplies without diffi culty; and that the garrison was incessantly renewed from the supporting army. The Russians, slue the battle of Inksrmann taught them tkat they could not cause the siege to be raised, have done nothing but endeavour to pro!ong this state of things. The allies, on their part, hays deter. mined to put a stop to it. Eupatoria has been re-occupied by a European division; officers of artillery and engineers have been sent there to throw up works of art and fortifi cations, in order to make it as strong a position es Balak- Ilea, and u such the point d'appui of an army of operation. This army must now have arrived there ; it consists of the Egyptian division and of the best troops of Omer Puha, and is commanded by the Turkish generalissimo. We have said that Eupatoria is to be to the north of Sebastopol what Belaklava is to the south. That fact will suffice to show in what a situation the disembukation of Omer Pasha will probably place the Russian army; it will be placed between two fires. One of two things will happen : either the Russian army will endeavour to crush the troops whew basis is at Enpatoria, with the certainty of being immediately attacked in the rear by the Anglo- French army; and the destruction of the Russian army would deprive Sebastopol of all hope of making a successful resistance ; or, in the second place, the Russian army, in order not to accept battle in such a disadvantageous posi tion, and with such adverse changes, will retire from the banks of the Belbee, as it hes mired from the banks of the ' Tehernaia; will concentrate itself on BatchieSerai, or on Bimpheropel; and will sbandon Sebastopol to its sole re sources and to the chances of an assault. Such a retreat of the Russian army would, in fact, be immediately followed by the complete investment of the place, and the deviome '. 1101,“ would not be waited for long. Thus, either a great ' and decisive battle in the most favourable conditions for the allies, or the retirement of the Russians without combat, and the immediate assault of Sebastopol. Such was the situation of things in the Crimea at the end of the year. Let übe certain that the year 18.15 will have well , emumemeed for the arms of Franco and her allies." RENEWED BLOCKADE OF THE DANUBE. The following has been forwarded to us for publication : Admiralty, Jan. 10, 1855. 1 81r,—With reference to the last paragraph of my letter of the Bth November last, stating that the French and Eng lish admirals in the Black Sea bays received orders from their respective governments to extend the blockade of the months of the Danube to all the ports in the Black &a and in the Sea of Azt,ff, which still remain in the possession of the onanay ; I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to acquaint you, in order that the same may be made known to the mercantile community, that the governments of England and France have further decided that the blockade in question shall take place on and after the Ist of February next ; and that due notice will be given in the London Gussets of the blockade of the particular port' .o soon as the same shall hare been effected.—l ass, do. (Signed) W. A. IL Hanivroze. To the Elsorttary at Lloyd's. Icbe Court. WINDSOR, .Ixtr. 10. Thereeru no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. Vise Queen and Prince Albert walked in the grounds ad joining the Castle this morning. The Deebem of Kent visited her Majesty to-day. The Marquis end Marchioness of Abrams, the Ladies Harriet and Louisa Hamilton, Viscount Torrington, and Major•Oeneral Wylde have boas Invited, and us expected this afternoon. The Earl of Clarendon is eLo expected to-day. The Marquis of Lansdowne rotund to his seat, Bowood Park, Wilts, after attending the Cabinet Council on Tues day afternoon. The Earl of Cluendoa left town yesterday for Windsor Clads. Viscount Pahnenton left London on Tuesday afternoon for his seat, Breadlands, Hants. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office, from the Governors of Canada, New Brunswick, Non Scotia, and the Cape of Good Hope. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yes terday, and heard a petition for the prolongation of Foard's Patent (Smoke Apparatus). The Lords present were the Dean of the Arches Court, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall, the Judge of the Admiralty Court, and Sir E. Ryan. Despatches from Mareeilles report the arrival of the Doke of Cambridge at blahs. 1 - The Earl of Cardigan, we understand, has arrived is Paris, from Marseilles, en roues from the mat of war in the Crimea. His lurdahip was expected to arrive in town yesterday. The Imperial Exhibition of ISM, has addressed a French and foreign artists, inviting them to exhibit thoir works of art. Several facilities are offered by the French government. of the Great Industrial The Academy of the Beaux-Arta on Saturday appointed M. A. Thomu its president, and M. H. Leaman its Vice-President. The Academy of Inscriptions et Belles Lettres has nominated M. Villemain President, and M. Lotionlays Vioe•Preeident for 1834. The Marquis de Lavalette, who was Prefect of the Var, under the Restoration, and afterwards Mayor of Grenoble, has just died, aged 93. ERENCH LOAN.-11to Paltlie an informal that twwwwwtt ww bow made by oar borer mow. Arni m, tw tormwat et eta* la the above LOAN. predaslaa to *111•11 Of OM =NM IS Tles• pa Naas, et 44 from to fear hips* le per ma. milk' oil splairstion. Emhart% 2S frame hr tie modslides. A. OCUWAILICUUD red Co. 65, larrarrialoul. TILE NEW RETURN OF NEWSPAPER ..- The return 0 newspaper stamps jest lamed givss sits hilevisig reran,: Fint Quinn. Seem& Quarter Daily News . • 319,191 348,044 Morning Herald . . 303,000 299,000 Morning Post . . 205,000 226,000 Morning Chrsaide. . 162,500 186,000 Expreas . . 177,133 198,389 Globe . . . 175,000 195,000 Sea • • . 168,0(X) 192,000 Standard . • . 103,000 101.000 the ersirtoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. la name e "The Lason" coatanaisi the same enable. .owatte," is published every Tuesday sad Friday might, in tiar tar poet. newetleasests tenoned for .11w tepres," Landow Lynda, power saust as at Ow Mow Ur, leonverinerzwer, by Two Ado* es tku Say of publiaatiew. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tens tv—bleraiag. Sb. Sta Ammo" 7b. 17" Te.a meow—Mersin. 7b. 4.7 m Altera*" 1." LONDON. THURSDAY. JANUARY 11. LATEST NEWS FROM ABROAD ARRIVAL OF ADMIRAL DUNDAB AND THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE AT MALTA. MALTA, Jaw. 6. Admiral Dundu has arrived here with the Bri tannia and Trafalgar, and will take his passage in the Vectis for France. The Duke of Cambridge has landed here from the Thames, and will remain to recruit his health.— c ironic/4 (PROM TUB OF TEI DAILY WIWI) PARIS, WIDXSSDAT. The Moniteur announces that Omer Pacha has embarked at Varna for Balaklava, where he will concert his movements with General Canrobert and Lord Raglan. The Ottoman Cieneraliasimo has made arrange ments by which he will have at his disposal a force of 50,000 men and 80 guns. The Monitvur also says:—This day, at noon, the Emperor, attended by the Minister of War, and Generals Regnault de St. Jean d'Aogely, Rolin, de Cotte, and Mellinet, reviewed, in Vie court of honour before the Tuileries, the detachments of the Imperial Guard destined to join the army of the East in the Crimes, and whose departure will take place on the 10th or 11th of this month. These troops, under the command of General Ulrich, were composed of one company of Sappers of the Engineers, of detachments from the Ist and 2nd Regiments of Grenadiers, of detachments from the island tad Regiments of Voltigeurs, of a half bat tal= of the Foot Chasseurs, and two batteries of horse artillery, _ The infantry was arrayed in three lines, with the artillery behind it. His Majesty, after pausing down the front of the troops, stationed himself near the Clock Pavilion, where the battalions were formed in square. The Emperor advanced to the centre, and pronounced the following address in a firm and fervent tons of voice, amid repeated cries of "Five l'Empereur!" Soldiers,—The French people in the sovereignty of their will have set up again many things deemed for ever dead, and now the empire is reconstituted. Intimate alliances exist with oar former enemies• The flag of France waves with honour on distant shores, which until now the bold flight of our eagles has never • reached. The Imperial Guard, the heroic representative of military glory and honour, is here before me, surrounding the Emperor as of yore, wearing the same uniform, car rying the Name flag, and, above all, cherishing in its heart the same feelings of devotion to its country. Receive then these flags, which will lead you on to victory, as they led your fathers, as they have jest led your comrades. Go and share what dan gers yet remain to be surmounted, what glory to be gathered. Soon you w ill have received the noble baptism to which you aspire, and you will have helped to plant our eagles on the walls of Sebastopol." After this harangue, the Emperor alighted from his horse, and with his own hand gave the flags to the two colonels commanding the Grenadiers and the Voltigeurs. Her Majesty, the Empress, present in the balcony, then descended into the square, and walked round it, leaning on the arm of the Emperor. Their Majes ties stopped several times to speak to the soldiers. Seeing the emotion of the Empress, these warriors redoubled their enthusiastic cries. The Emperor, after conducting the Empress back, remounted his horse, and the ranks began to defile past him. A considerable crowd pressed against the the iron railing of the Carrousel, and mingled their acclamations with those of the soldiery. All the spectators admired the martial' air and ardour of these fine troops, as well as the precision of their movements. LORD ELGIN AT LIVERPOOL. LIVERPOOL, Witnirostm Last evening Lord Elgin, after disembarki ng h the United States mail steamship, proceed e d to the Atg4 Hotel, where he remained for the night. This Na n the Worshipful the Mayor, J. A. Tobin, Rsq„ ( 4 41 his lordship, who subsequently proceeded to Po. G eo Hon to view that magnificent matte». Ths Sefton, besides other distiognished visitors, as vrell e , large number of the inhabitants, were present, t s ship expressed his gratification at all he saw. m att o'clock he proceeded to the Town Hall, where Its w as by the members of the Liverpool Chamber of Come and those of the American Chamber of Compares. .The Maxon first addressed his lordship; led he avy lowed by Mr. 011.3 Y, of the American Chamber of mere*, who preeeoted the address TO EMI RIMMT HONOIMAILI JAMES EARL OP 111 aND EIMCARDIME. "My Lord,—We, the President and member' 0( American Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool, avail selvreof the opportunity afforded by your lordship's a s in Liverpool, to offer our hearty congratulations csk Mae return to this country, and at the same time to esl the high sense we entertain of the valuable services a ycur lordship hu rendered to your country, dewy arduous period in which you have fill e d the office o f vernor-General of Canada. " We especially desire to express one utisfactio4 a successful termination of the negotiation, in which lordship bore so distinguished a part, and which result the reciprocity treaty between her fdalesty's North A A can possessions and the United States of Atneries. These interchanges of mutual interests, which it tions and encourages, cannot fail to exercise a power:l guinea in preserving the good understanding which so happily exists between that entirprisiog people and selves. " We regard as a measure of sound policy the mute sued by her Majesty's government, in removing all re Lions in our tariff not absolutely required for the support of the public revenue, without reference to other nations may do. Other countries, seeing the bei arising from this wise policy, em encouraged to folios example, towards which the North American previ under the rule of your lordship, have taken m import step. " When exchanges between nations cease to be made advantage to both parties, the natural limits to corona, intercourse between them are reached. It is our prii to lead the way in removing restrictions, so as to e, those limits as far as poesible—a course which is mill calculated to promote civilisation, the spread of Christi and good-will among nations. " Most sincerely do we congratulate your lordeb accomplishing a measure which removes so many ens dissatisfaction, and which draws closer and closer bonds of friendship which we hope never to see dish between Great Britain, her colonies, and the United S countries which are naturally united by language, I rity of laws, usages, and customs, and in many CUP 11 strongest ties of relationship. " We fervently hope that your lordship, having no tired from the citifies of your late important post, under the bleuing of Divine Providence, be long s to your family and friends, and that in your future ' your country may yet for many years enjoy the bent your high talents in her service. " Signed by order and on behalf of the American ber of Commerce, " Wm. OILET, President " J. o..lluxuax, Secrets " Liverpool, Jen. 10, 1855." Mr. _Boum, of the Liverpool Chamber of Como then presented the following addreu: " To the Right Honourable James the Earl of Elsi Kincardine, &c., late Governor-General of her Bei Provinces in the Continent of North America. " My Lord,—We, the Liverpool Chamber of Come dears to avail ourselves of the opportunity of your ship's landing in this port heartily to congratulate y your safe return to England, and to expreu the favoi sense we entertain of the most important service you rendered to Great Britain and her North America flies by negotiating a reciprocity treaty between thus vinces and the United States of America, thereby Is removing vexed questions, especially that of the flu which threatened to engender unpleasant feelings it countries, hetween whom it is most essential that s goodwill should always evist. "Considering commerce to be the harbinger of pea, civilisation, and the promoter of the best interests of kind, it must ever afford us the utmost gratification the bond of amity drawn closer between Great Brits the other nations of the earth. "We feel it is due to your lordship not to allow pass through Liverpool without evincing our high r Lion of your services, and expressing a hope that ye have a long and happy life to render your country I bencfits. " Signed on behalf of the Liverpool Chamber of merce, " TILOMAS BOUCH, Preside Lord ELGIN, in responding to the compliment pal said they would all understand the feelings of pleut gratification with which he bad received those adds particularly as they had been received by one who la engaged in the service of his country for several I such a remote part of the Empire—from bodies fi, high a position as those who now honoured him wi gratulations. The tale of his administration of ci America was very simply and easily told. He win] January, 1847, with two objects in view. In the fin it had been his earnest endeavour to place the cols such a position politically and economically as wool them nothing to envy in the condition of other pe earth, not ezeepting that of their neighbours and I ons citisena in the United States. He might say, s ' egotism, that in undertaking this task, hi sidered it of no ordinary dlffieulty and meg In the report of Lord Durham on Canadian affa respective conditions of the ten itories lying on opposi of the boundary line separating the United States e British Provinces was contrasted, and even if later e were required of tho hopeless entanglement of CI affairs, it would be found in the recently pas pamphlet of hie distinguished and immediate pied He felt, however, great as was the task, it was I to undertake it, because he felt confident that upon E condition than its fulfilment could the connexion I England and the Canada be permanently maintains other view was not of inferior importance. It was the commercial relations of the United States and the Provinces on such a footing that they should not, if at any future period, furnish occasion to estrangei alienation between those two kindred nations; thought that both of those objects he had, to RPM at least, accomplished. Indeed, he imagined he m that nine-tenths of the people of Canada were now aims that their condition in connexion with Engle treated favourably with that of any other people civilised world; and he believed also that the i commercial relationship which would spring up the United States sad Canada when the Reciprociti came into full operation, would reader Canada in it not a barrier or a severance, but a link that won he kindred people of the United States and Englat His lordship concluded his address by cordially ledgieg the kindness with which he had been tenni resumed his seat amid loud cheering. MR. EDWARD OLIVER'S CASE. Letters from Berlin of the ith state that, according to a despatch from Count Buol to M. Manteuffel, the Conference has not laid down permanent conditions of peace applicable to any circumstances that may arise, but has only offered a precise sketch of the preliminaries which Russia must accept in order to the opening of negotiations. The Cologne Gazette announces from Berlin that, in their interpretation of the four points, the allies do not demand the ruing of the forts of Sebastopol, nor the reduction of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea; the latter, however, is to be a subject of ulte rior discussion. FRANKFORT. JAN. 8. The news from Vienna has for the moment arrested the active canvassing for votes on the question of mobilising the federal contingents which the agents of Austria and Prussia have been carrying on amonqet the plenipotentiaries of the Diet. The Austrian proposal for mobilising the troops was formally made on Friday last. The Journal di St. Poters6ourg states that in the Best week of October Be!amyl assembled 20,000 mem, would have been more likely to promote peace. No doubt is entertained of Lord CLARENDON'S resolute determination to uphold the honour of Isis country and the interests of Europe; but he ‘llll do well to keep a bright look-out and • dons bridle-hand upon some of his subordinate essois. The danger to which Europe is exposed by die 'ramping ambition of the Russian Government is Ms great to admit of any conoession being made, ■erely to spare the self-love of the Muscovite Wee. Any mortification he may have to tedergo he has brought upon himself. The peace and civilisation of Europe are too important to be offered up u a sacrifice to the vanity of one misprond man. " Material pe rorates!** must be exacted from the CZAR to ensure his keeping the pesos towards all his neighbours for the future. He cannot be allowed to retain that stronghold, from which one step may at any moment place him u muter in Constantinople. It has been customary on the part of Russia to make defeated enemies contribute to defray the expense of war before it would grant a peace ; its own practice might on the present occasion be advantageously turned against itself. What is meant by these suggestions is to urge upon the Western Powers the necessity of sternly l and inflexibly executing justice on the Czar. It is neither wished nor expected that they should allow PAntoTic FtrYip.—The Earl of Elgin has brought with him the Canada subscription—twenty thousand pounds sterling—to the fund for the relief of the widows and or phans of the soldiers who hams been killed in the present war with Russia. This sum was raised in equal proportions from the French and English population of Canada—ten thousand pounds from each. INCREASED SALARY TO COUNTY COURT JUDGES.— By an seder of the government, 15 of the 60 County Court Judges have been selected to receive a salary of 1,5001. a year each. Under a recent act of parliament the maximum salary to be paid to the County Court Judges was 1,5001., and the minimum 1,2001. The labour of all the judges has been considered by the government, and the result is, that the maximum salary is to be awarded to 16 out of the whole number. The judges are precluded by a provision from practising at the bar. It Is understood that the metropolitan judges have been included in the highest amount of salary to be paid. In some of the districts the muses entered have annually imeeeded 10,000 in each. The County Conti Jildlim an allowed their travelling expenses. by Mr. LIVERPOOL, WEDNI Yesterday morning the cue of Mr. Wiwi before the Court of Bankruptcy in this town, presi Steveason. Mr. Bardswell his previous application to set aside the petition fo cation against Mr. Edward Oliver, and the who' s ubsequent proceedings. After denying the various reports, which alleged that the creditors sirens of having the estate administered through t of Bankruptcy, he proceeded to argue the case, upon an informality in the petition, in its neglectin for what the bankrupt was indebted. Mr. Evans admitted that the petition was not in the prescribed form, and after explaining that In filed the petition in the first instance, he said, ins he could net sustain the petition in its present form not think he could better his client by seeking to and set himself right, he did not think he ought f resist Mr. Bardswell's motion. If his Honour wen to amend the petition it would leave his client w cultist to contsad with elsewhere, and he consider safer course to advise him to withdraw. His Honour declined to give his decision tint (Wednesday), when he declared the adjudication and the petition void. RUSSIAN TRADE IN THE BALTIC.—Rb —ln consequence of the extremely mild wsatl has not been experienced for a very long time, I in the Gulf of Finland remain open to shipping number of merchant vessels arrive and depal Although two ukases have prohibited the m es corn from this side of the empire, the Ru‘sian consulting the interests of the mercantile and population of the country, who have suffered during the late naval campaign, would seem at to oppose no obstacle to exportation. S 1 r are taking in cargoes of corn without meet mostly rye and wheat. Swedish and Danish been preferred by exporters, in the belief the countries will preserve their neutrality. The p angel, and in tut all the ports in the Whi Inuit sp. lil I sue Emperor, aster MALui.mi...ls usam amanracan 10...., At teast, however, there were would de prive Sebastopol of all hope of severe; an attemp t making a successful --- ' cation against Mr. Edward Oliver, and the who the campaign. Mr. Bernard left the Crimea on the 19th of . aand., reprd to insinuate that more " coo-- brutal exhibition,. remounted his horse, and the ranks began to de fi le d ents= for the CZAR ' S feelings" 792 men and boys stretched up crosswise by the resistance ; or, in the second place, the Russian army, in Decem b er . s ubsequent proceedings. After denying the ' past him. A considerable crowd pressed against the wou ld h ave b een more likely to promote peace. hands and legs, or tied to the gun and scourged with order not to accept battle in such a disadvantageous post- The Lords of the Admiralty have given Mr. Ernest various reports, which alleged that the creditors sirens of having the estate administered through h the iron railing of the Carrousel, and mingled their No doubt is entertained of Lord CLARENDON'S 30 and odd lashes, each to bleeding. for his bravery at the attack of Sebastol. He is now on Lion, and with such adverse changes, will retire from the Augustus Travers-Stubbs a lientenantoy In the Royal Navy, d a of Bankruptcy, he proceeded to argue the case, banks of the Belbec, as it has mired from the banks of the s a rre labonruig in the trenches, acclamatione with those of the soldiery. All the resolute determination to uphold the honour of In the first half of 1834—0 f which, however, the important battery. and has ill/ comman d upon an informality in the petition, in its negleetic, spectators admired the mart ial air and ardour of Tehernaia; will concentrate itself on Batchi-Serai, or on his country and the interests of Europe ; but be returns appear not to be complete, for from many ships Sinsphoropel; and will abandon Sebastopol to its sole re- for what the bankrupt was indebted. . will do well to keep a bright look-out and a there are only one instead of two returns-330 simi- sources and to the chances of an assault. Such a retreat of MARSEILLES, JAN. 9. The Britannia, Neptune, and Gorgon, have err- Mr. Evans admitted that the petition was not 1 these fine troops, as well as the precision of their strong bridle-hand upon some of his subordinate lass rpectaeles were exhibited, some of them in eight the Russian army would, in fact, be immediately followed rived at Malta. in the prescribed form, and after explaining that h movements. agents. The danger to which Europe is exposed b y of the Russian fleet in Sebastopol, the sailors of which by the complete investment of the place, and the devious- filed the petition in the first instance, be said, inn , I , ing ambition of the Russian Government is might, if they heard of them or saw them, exult at mesa would not be waited for long. Thus, either a great The Varna correspondent of the Fremden Blatt n h o e t eo th u i l n d k n h e e t cosuustaildabettitteerpetition client Letters from Berlin of the 7th state that, accor di ng the gra s p and decisive battle in the most favourable condition, for writes that merchantmen now convey stores to the Crimea to a despatch from Count Buol to M. Manteuffej, th e too great to admit of any concess i o n b e i ng ma d e , being the serf , of the c zAR. By th e end of the y ear , the allies, or the retirement of the Russians without on their own account, and no fewer than 1,200 vessels trade and set himself right, he did not think he ought f • Conference has not laid down permanent conditions merely to spare the self-love of the Muscovite when the returns are all completed, the 330 will combat, and the immediate assault of Sebastopol . Such between the Bosphorus and Kamieach Bay, supplying every- resist Mr. Bardswell's motion. If his Honour wen of peace applicable to any circumstances that tray ruler. Any mortification he may have to probably be swollen up to more than 792 . I n t h e WS/ the situation of things in the Crimea at the end of the thing both better and more expeditiously than the Turce•i.tsbyprseeseeknitogf°trmo Anglo-French attendance. to petition end the ' • it would leave his client I, arise, but has only offered a precise sketch of the un d ergo h e has brought upon himself. The eighteen months, however, more than 1,100 such year. Let us be certain that the year 1855 will have well cultist to contend with elsewhere, and he consider 4 which Russia mast preliminaries t scoop the opening of negotiations. tin order to peace and civilisation of Europe are too horrible spectacles were exhibited in her MAJESTY'S thalalsassa important to be offered up as a sacrifice to ships. Mr. Comisrr and others, in times past, dwelt for the arms of France and her allies." safer course to advise him to withdraw. PATRIOTIC FUND,—The Earl of Elgin has brought Hi s Hs „, • • • r decliqed to give hi s decision wit The Cologne Gazette announces from Berlin that, the vanity of one misprond man. " Material per on the fast of all burdens being named after the RENEWED w i th him the Canada solace lion—twenty thousand Quad BLOCKADE OF THE DANUBE. P Y P e (Wednesday), when he declared the adjudication sterling—to the fund for the relief of the widows and or- in their i nter pretation o f th e f our p o i n t s , the allies mattes" must be exacted from the CZAR to ensure people, and all privileges and powers after theand the petition void. : I The has been following forwarded to us for phana of the soldiers who have been killed in the present do not demand the rasing of the forts of Sebastopol, by keeping the pesos towards all his neighbours for crown. The debt it was sneeringly said is national, ..., publication : war with Russia. This sum was raised in equal proportions ~ .1 . nor the reduction of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea ; the latter, however, is te be a subject of ulte- the future. He cannot be allowed to retain that the fleet • her sd aj , is MY s. Now the people may Admiralty , Jan. 10 , 1855. Sir,—With reference to the last paragraph of my letter of ttUSSIAN from the French and English population of Canada—len TRADE IN THE BALTIC.—_.IO I —ln consequence of the extremely mild weather, i riot discussion. stronghold, from which one step may at any moment exult that the fleet is her MAJEsn's, deeming it the Bth November last, stating that the French and Eng- thous a nd pound s from each. has not been experienced for a very long time, the place him as master in Constantinople. It has been better, as they no doubt will, to bear the burden of lish admirals in the Black Sea have received orders from INCREASED SALARY TO COUNTY COURT JUDGES.— in the Gulf of Finland remain open to shipping, at FRANKFORT, JAN. 8. customary on the part of Russia to make defeated the debt than the i disgrace of 1,100 human backs their res p ective g overnments to extendthe blockade of the By an order of the government, 15 of the 60 County Co u rt number of mercha n t v esse l s arr i ve an d depart s e ' The new s f rom Vienna has for the moment arrestedmouths of t h e Danu be t o all the perta in the Black Sea and Judges have been selected to receive a salary of 1,5001. Although two ukases have prohibited the espoi i the active canvassing for votes on the question of enemies contribute to defray the expenses of war bruised and bleeding by flogging. These backs are in the Bs& of Ast,if, which still remain in the possession of a year each. Under a recent act of parliament the maximum corn from this side of the empire, the Ru',ian gO 7 mobilising the fede ra l continents which the is before it would grant a peace ; its own practice might found not on board th e na ti ona l fl ee t, but on board the "war ;I am commanded by my Lords Commissioners of salary to be paid to the County Court Judges was 1,5001., consulting the interests of the mercantile and sg g the Admiralty to acquaint you, in order that the same may and the minimum 1,2001. The labour of all the judges has population of the country, who have suffered so d Prussia of Austria and have been carrying on on the present occasion be advantageously turned her Ms.issn's s hi ps. he made known to the mercantile community, that the been considered by the government, and the result is, that during the late naval campaign, would seem at thil amongst the plenipotentiaries of the Diet. The against itself. The persons now distinguished much more by governments of England and Francs have further decided the maximum salary is to be awarded to 16 oat of the whole to oppose no obstacle to exportation. S 1 nee , Austrian proposal for mobilising the troops was What is meant by these suggestions is to urge e • failure tha n • that the blockade in question shall take place on and after number. The judges are precluded by a provision from are taking in cargoes of corn without mach c • gregious splendid success, who uphold a formally made on Friday last. the Ist of February next • and that dos notice will be given practising at the bar. It is understood that the metropolitan mostly rye and wheat. Swedish and Danish ye . upon the Western Powers the necessity of sternly this system, must not tell us, with this return in our is the London Gnsette of the blockade of the particular judges have been included in the highest amount of salary been preferred by exporters, in the belief that t 4 The Journal di St. Peters6ourg states that in the and inflex ibl y executing justice on the Cwt. It is bands, ordered by the House of Commons to be r eta" se" as the saute shall have been effect•d.—l am, de. to be paid. In some of the districts the causes entered have countries will prams their neutrality. The port w exceeded 10 000 in each The (Sigurd) W. A. 13, lismiLrox. ! annually , • County Court angel, and in tact all the ports in the White first week of October Scbamyl assembled 20,000 men, neither wished nor expected that they nbiiii allow printed on the 23rd nit , that such punishments are • gi To the Illeorttary at Lloyd's. I Jude* ars allowed their travelling expenses. !rout sp. $ :', • $ . , . • • I' • . I . . • • 4 1. • • . "Whenaped by i iyith his 7 p capable f tabs - -Z = BARBARISM IN THE NAVY. 'that lic . tica among his noble add priests which has abetted aid oneyarsged him in his lawless designs against Turkey and Austria. Against the Russian nation the Western Powers nourish no hostile sentiments. They regard, indeed, the Masco• vita as a roes far in arrest. of the civilisation of Europe; they do not believe that Poland has been benefited—or that Persia or Turkey, or the Bola conic populations on the frontier-lands of Turkey, Austria, and Russia, would be benefited—by being subjected to Muscovite rule; they wish to see the Muscovite yoke removed from the necks of all Russia's neighbours; bat they sincerely desire to see the Muscovites flourish, and advance in the arts of civilised life in those :lands which they can pro perly call their own. It is only since tke close of the fifteenth century—sinoe the expulsion of the Tartars—that Russia can be said to have a history. Looking back upon its national records, we find everywhere traces of the rudest barbarism, of the most narrow-minded superstition; but we also witness incessant flashes of an energetic spirit, and a rude natural intelligence. The colonisation of Siberia, the extension of mercantile enterprise to and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean, to America, to the Chinese frontier, to the Hiodoo Kush, and far into Persia, bear witness to the indefatigable energy of the Muscovite race; for these have been mainly ao oomplished by private adventurers, possessed of comparatively slender capitals. The more robust temperament of the Russian has absorbed into his nationality and assimilated to it many heterogeneous tribes of less natural energy. Among the numerous sects which have sprung up within the bosom of the orthodox church in Russia it is curious to trace the workings (in a ruder form) of the same metaphy sical inquiries and passionate yearnings which have broken up the Western Church into so many discordant communions. The efforts which the Russian serfs are continually making to detach themselves from the bonds which connect them with the soil—the wealth and knowledge to which many of them attain—the talent for social and industrial combinations which they evince, and their good faith to each other and their employers—all mark them as a race destined for a glorious future. They are slowly but surely working out their own elevation—even the efforts of their Government to convert them into mere automata to subserve its purposes are indi rectly aiding their struggles. Bat their progress will be accelerated by their being thrown back upon their own resources—by their having their minds diverted from dreams of foreign conquest and propa gandism. The most friendly service that can at present be rendered to the Russians is to coop them and their Government up within their own confines—except in so far as commercial enterprise may lead them abroad—to think over and readjust their mutual relations undisturbed by any foreign interference. — Daily News. Tax evils of our old military system, which some persona still regard as essential to the national safety, and require to be extended, are every day becoming more prominent. For example, the former system of recruiting still continues, and after the army has become an attractive service for all classes, and might be made still more so, false representa tions are still used to delude and mislead our youth in order to tempt them to enter its ranks. They are taught to expect nothing but light and trivial enjoyments, instead of being prepared for earnest and stern duties, and the disappointment caused by the falsehood leads to discontent and demo ralisation. Then severe authority steps in ; a some what indecent, not to say brutal, system of discipline is called into play ; and the cat-o'-nine-tails and the Provost-Marshal secure the obedience that would be voluntary, and exertion that would be cheerful, were' not the foundation of the service trickery and deceit' What is true of the Army is also true of the Navy ; and flaming posters inviting volunteers continually appear, which tempt young men to enter her MA JUTE'S ships by promises of enjoyment and promo tion not to be found in the service. From the fraud discontent, disappointment, disobedience, and turbu lence ensue; and to keep them in check that corporal punishment is had recourse to which still dishonours and disgraces both Army and Navy. According to a return, recently published,792 cor poral punishments were, in the year 1853, inflicted on the seamen, marines, and boys, employed in her MAJESTY'S ships, which is equivalent, we presume, to 792 persons—or something more than lin 50 serving afloat—having been flogged in the year. The number is about equal to a whole regiment, and 24,807 lashes were inflicted, which is at the rate of 31 3-10 lashes laid on every naked back. Thirty-one lashes with a boatswain's-mate's cat, wielded by a stalwart arm, under the impulse of a threat of similar punishment unless the culprit was hit hard, would peel off the skin from the nape of the neck to the rump, and stud the back with clots of stagnant blood under the bruised skin, or send the blood streaming into the trousers. A shocking spectacle this, of 792 lacerated backs, bruised and bleeding, orna menting her MAJESTY'S ships equally, in all parts of the world, in the year 185$. There might be more—for from some ships only two, and from others only three, returns were made, while from each ship, supposing her to be in commission for • whole year, there ought to be four returns ; so that the number stated . may not express the total of the brutal exhibition,. At least, however, there were 792 men and boys stretched up crosswise by the hands and legs, or tied to the gun and scourged with 30 and odd lashes, each to bleeding. In the first half of 1854—0 f which, however, the returns appear not to be complete, for from many ships there are only one instead of two returns-330 rim'. be spectacles were exhibited, some of them in sight of the Russian fleet in Sebastopol, the sailors of which sight, if they heard of them or saw them, exult at Wag the serfs of the CZAR. By the end of the year, l when the returns are all completed, the 330 will reliably be swollen up to more than 792. In the eighteen months, however, more than 1,100 sash, horrible spectacles were exhibited in her MAJESTY.S' i elips. Mr. COBBItTY and others, in times past, dwelt 1111 the fast of all burdens being named after the people, and all privileges and powers after the Srewn. The debt it was sneeringly said is national, the fleet is her MAJESTY'S. Now the people may mat that the fleet is her MAJESTY'S, deeming it letter, is they no doubt will, to bear the burden of Salsa* than the disgrace of 1,100 human backs braised and bleeding by flogging. These backs are found net, ma board the national fleet, but on board lbw ][a7liere ships. The plain now distinguished much mom by gingkoes failure than splendid success, who uphold system, must not tell us, with this return in our l hoads, ordered by the House of Commons to be ,ieted on thi 23rd nit, ' that such punishments art _, _. 1 the Bus,. and nteltaestl t 6 plateau unmakes tobeinfnensed by any vindictive/foliar n . excellent tea( die fi t th e ieleasge inth biro t NO lee b ft believed u p t ballad tb e t gory ass be capable of weatesly hashing kis Is bavieg convinced by an attack, me th eet. l ir i t: Bat he it s great offender against the peace and the I. lo the Ca ' sa . happiness el Europe, sad the moat dispassioeate Joe d, that on klit 2 el Sep ties respires that ,shonld be ma* tre;feel deeply. 6 In ali un ca t t eell' ied off 2,000 " a6e a p t . ta" lt b and bitterly the humiliation to whitish, has exposed troops of the neighbonriny station h i m at . . . - - - - 'Tadao in their turn, 1114001 t all the Tbie, bewails . , is ma 0 eurookaiove. and if Red a lam of 44 men and 6° horses * that &mt..: ......,.. la. ..,,ht,....ra ~.4..t. .mhials haa with 8 guns, on . of Kouroyk. The Russian puerile aothing to 051 and disappeared• gazette, It la laid, other band of icroilgoTe;sia, added that the .nuked the prey, and inflicted a lot Wed on their diatarbers. The Moxitewr has already informed us that the assembling of the Conference on the 28th ult. was demanded of Coont Buol by Prince Gortchakoff. It was, however, the old Conference, in which Prussia was represented, that he wanted, and he stickled for it until told that Prussia had broken up that council by her own act, and could not under present circumstances be admitted. The next move of the Prince was to demand that the Germanic Con federation—virtually the Bamberg Conspiracy— should be represented in the deliberations which were to define the conditions of peace. This demand, it is known, was not complied with ; and as soon am the Prince ascertained that it would not be, he gave way, and declared himself authorised to receive the interpretation from the three allies. HAMBURG, JAN. 5. The Austrian forces now stationed in the city and neighbourhood of Cracow amount to 52,000 sea of all arms, with 68 pieces of ordnance, divided into four parks, which can be united in five day.. The horses of this artillery, al though complete in number, ►re by no means in good eondi tion, and upon the whole this artillery corps can hardly he said to be prepared to act immediately in the field. The army corps stands in direct communication with that of Lemberg, which numbers 42,000 men. The junction of the two might be effected without great difficulty, either for joint action or for union with the army in Eut Callieia and the Bakowina, as circumstances might require. The latter army corps may number 100,000 men. That of Trim. sylvanta has a strength of 120,000, and that of the Princi palities about 50,000. - To these several Austrian corps we find opposed in the first instance the corps °mounded by General Paniutine end the first corps of infantry under the orders of General Stowers. It Is known that by the terms of the recent im perial rescript, dated Dec. 25, the command of General Simon *steads over the provinces of Livonia and Cour land. We are now able to fir with some swung the various position. of the Russian army in Poland since its concen tration three months ago. Its main strength continues to be stationed within the triangle formed by the right bank of the Vistula between Wilna, Grodno. and Warsaw. This ,area, and always will serve, u the chief basis whence the military opentions may be carried on, and to which either the entire army or each detached army corps can always retire, in order to reform in cue of a reverse. Except the few regiments of Rauian cavalry scattered over the country, the left bank continues to remain very bare of troops. Prussia, therefore, has nothing serious to apprehend on the side of her Polish frontiers. THE NECESSARY TERMS OF PEACE. AMONG the beet informed circles—political and mercantile—the opinion that Russia sincerely desires peace appears to preponderate. The condition of the Russian army in the Crimea is said to be deplo rable ; the disorganisation mendaciously attributed to the English army is, it is alleged, literally true of the Russian. Again, from St. Petersburg we are assured that the CZAR is " hard up," both for men and money. He is, moreover, said to feel acutely the isolation in which his brusque and unjust attack upon Turkey has placed him, after having so long been accustomed to the deferential attention of European courts. Lastly, it is reported that the Ell PRESB, who 11 rapidly sinking, is importunate in her entreaties that he will put a stop to the effusion of blood. All these things are represented as having contributed to shake the "iron will," and dispose the EMPEROR to lend an ear to pacific counsels. We neither affirm nor deny the truth of these representations. "We tell the tale as 'twos told to us;" with this simple addition, that the reports reach us from various quarters, and from some upon which we repose confidence. A short time will decide; for if they be true, the Russian Minister at Vienna will honestly endeavour to promote the restoration of peace. It will be the duty, however, of the allied Governments to keep a wary eye upon a Power so unscrupulous in having recourse to direct mendacity, as Russia proved itself to be in the outset of the Oriental negotiations. They ought never for a moment to forget, either, that in suing for peace the CZAR relinquishes, or postpones for an indefinite period, the realisation of a cherished—a hereditary ambition. NICHOLAS, be it also held in remembrance, will have his self-love sorely wounded when he is obliged to confess, by deeds as well as words, that be has undertaken a task which exceeds his powers, and has failed. Mortified vanity, and the relinquishment of desires long indulged, will cause Russian diplomacy to shift its standing place and change its aims more than once during the progress of negotiation; and no subterfuge will be left unused that promises to break the fall of the Estrinon, or render it less conspicuous. It will be necessary, therefore, that the represen tatives of the Western Powers employ the plainest and most unequivocal language, and abide by it. They hare a wily and unscrupulous adversary to deal with—a Government less remarkable for talent than many imagine, but unrivalled for that low and un blushing cunning which sometimes is more saeoses ful than talent of the very highest order. The 1d• sian Minister must on no occasion be allowed be shroud himself in vague or obscure phrases. The terms of peace exacted from the CZAR ought to be of such a nature as shall effectually secure Europe against a repetition of the game he has been attempting to play. It is the more necessary to in sist upon this seemingly self-evident position be lie= very equivocal language on this; head has be hoard to drop from lips which will have a good deal to say in these negotiations. There has been an affectation of expressing regret that the terms offered to Russia are unnecessarily severe; an attempt to insinuate that more " mo deration" and "regard for the CZAR'. feelings" LORD RAGLAN AND FLOGGING IN THE ARMY. [The following anecdote has appeared in an evening contemporary. It is equally honourable to the judgment and the humanity of Lord Raglan. His lordship has in all human probability made a good and brave soldier out of one who was on the very verge of being made a hopeless reprobate. Since Lord Raglan has found out that the lash may advantageously be dispensed with in one cue, it is to be hoped he will extend the application of his newly discovered principle.] —E n. of Daily NMI. " At the General Court-Martial, held before Sebastopol, on the 18th December, Private Francis Hagerty, 4th Regiment, was tried for having struck an officer and a sergeant, while in the execution of their duty. The pri soner was drunk. He was found guilty, and untamed to 50 lashes and 12 months' imprisonment with hard labour, which Lord Raglan confirmed; but remarks The offences of which the prisoner has been very properly found guilty, are of so serious a character as to justify the loth°. twit of the whole punishment awarded by the court ; but, in consideration of the youth and inexperience of the prisoner, and the circumstance under which the crimes were committed, and in the hope that his expressions of sorrow and contrition are sincere, the Commander of the Forces is induced to remit all punishment, and to award his pardon; thus affording him an immediate opportunity of showing, by his conduct, that he is not unworthy of the lenity that is now extended to him.' " NAVAL AND MILITARY. The Admiralty will receive tenders to-day for the hire of sailing vessels, of from 400 to 600 tons each, for the conveyance of huts, &e., to the Crimea. The General Screw Company's steamer Crcesus is now being repaired in Southampton dock, and, after being coated with Buchan and Peacock's composition, she is to proceed to Portsmouth to take the following troops to Balaclava, detachments of the 4th, 7th, 18th, 19th, 23rd, 28th, 34th, 38th, 42nd, 44th, 46th, 71st, 77tb, 88th. 93rd, aho the lst:battalion of the Me Brigade ; in all 19 officers, 26 sergeants, and 1,138 rank and file. PORTSMOUTH, SAW. 10. The Dragon, 6, paddle-wheel sloop, Captain Will cox, sailed this evening from Spithead for Pembroke, having on board the crew of the Victoria and Albert, with the Hon. Mr. Foley, first lieutenant of that ship, and Mr, Aylen, muter, who go there to take charge of the new yacht Windsor Castle, on her being launched, and towing her to this port. The crew of the Duke of Wellington, 131, screw ship, Captain Gordon, are ordered to be paid wages tomorrow, and have short leave of absence. The Duke of Wellington will have to come into dock to have her bottom examined ; she is having a refit at Spithead. The Ajax, 60, screw ship, Captain Warden, bad her compuees sdj sited yesterday and to-day, on completing her refit. The Arrogant, 46, screw frigate, Captain Yelverton, was taken into dock to-day to have her bottom examined. The Geyser, 6, paddle sloop, Commander Dew, having fitted ont, went out of harbour to Spithead this afternoon. The Prince Albert, merchant ship, sailed for the West Indies this afternoon from Bpithead, having a detachment of the 36th Regt. on board. DUBLIN, ZAK 10. The first company or detachment of the newly-orga nised Commissariat Driver Corps, consisting of one superin tendent, two sub-superintendents, and 47 drivers, under Commivary-Cienend Hewetson, arrived in Cork on Monday from Dublin, en route (or Queenstown, for embarkation on board H. M. B. Princess Royal, Lord Clarence Paget, to join the army In the Crimea. The company is composed of active, healthy young men, raised in this country. The corps will consist of 'even companies of 50 men each, in eluding non-commissioned officers—the latter taken from the constabulary. The men are accommodated in Elisabeth Fort until arrival of the ship, which are hourly expected. Major Hamilton's company, 2nd battalion Royal Artil lery, are to march from Kilkenny and Limerick to Bailin collie, and to be replaced by Captain Lennox's company, lit battalion. The detachments at the forte on Loughs Swilly and Foyle are about to be redaoed from 50 to 25 non-commissioned officers and gunners. 92ND DZPOT.—Tbis depot has selected about twenty volunteers, who are north of Ireland }non, from the Antrim Rifles, who joined their new corps on Friday last at Belfast. Among the latest arrivals from the seat of war is Mr. Richard Wellesley Bernard, brother of Captain Bernard, of Castle Bernard, King's County, who arrived in Dablia from Balaklava yesterday. Mr. Bernard left this in May last with the 11th Hassan, and was present at the battles of Alma, Inksrmann, and Balaklaya. Amongst several curiosities which Mr. B d has brought over to this country is a Russian cob pony, which served all through the campaign. Mr. Bernard left the Crimea on the 19th of December. ----- The Lords of the Admiralty have given Mr. Ernest Augustus Travers-Stubbs a lientenantey in the Royal Navy, for his bravery at the attack of Sebastopol. He is now on shore labouring in the trenchea, and has the command of l en important battery. MARSEILLES, JAN. 9. The Britannia, Neptune, and Gorgon, have ar rived et Malta. The Varna correspondent of the Fremden Blatt writes that merchantmen now convey stores to the Crimea lon their own account, and no fewer than 1,200 vessels trade between the Bosphorus and Ksmiesch Bay, supplying every thing both better and more expeditiously than the Turco- Anglo-French inrencianoe.