The Express. — London, England, 1861-11-14 00:00:00

EA U -D E -V I K —l".ak piir, PALE BRANDY, Iv per nalkos. 14 oiv.o analyst", to be pe eultarly free front aridity, awl very eitpervo I" rect.& Imports Colin... In Prying, to•tles, 344. per .be.: or in • am for the volint,7, tts . kotprioy corrhote it:lb I. N., Agents, aal to Iw "iitAiiie.l only II EN It V DUE IT sod I 0., Old luntival's Dol t , Holborn, HARMONIUMB.-NEW MODEL CR mat, MALE, and WOOD. dll. Itrzeut-attret. erortgas. TO 001t1 Es Pf ,S D r.yrs. dreettsainabb leMyd kor" ho " Lmidon Ewellly Paper. used be at Mr Gem to, ➢oureriertraat, by Tito tenet at Se die HAYMARKET. TIII Marna), NoLE AND THE LANIII.-01.1t OPt SIN. M r saim. !ethers, litick,toor. Valitry, (lark . 1...m.g and Miss IL Olivet. —And 41 11;ANIYA UMW. —Comment,. at 7. rRI KV( v. _ . Tim Er cmon, JEAN N ifirA WELiDI NO.—PLATING WITH /I ML 11.-sint. J. Braglism. Ity.ler. 11. WW licursh. G. Joriva Aft* IL Leclerc% sal Mrs. Wiliam. —And Pt/ CA-1024•EA.5. BT. /AUDI'S. THIS EMICIIO. A JUI.K\ A L Mr. 0. ',Wax and Katv Terry —THK I.OOK NoIBLEMAN Mr. A. Wlg.an. —Awl KILL OK ILL Messrs. Whams. Kohlru. Corkvrell, Mattirlb•. V. MallhuwAL—Conisearrs At 71. lIRIVANNIA. Tins Ttilsr.to, Tllll WIDOW'S SUN. nr. June* Holloway atul Ora 1. L.oot The froups of Doss awl Monkeya—Y. !Abair • hit weowice. —THE COME OV frISOBEUIENCE. Mr. J. Vowiptult —Mitt TN6 LEUVAlD.—Ornanties at Of. NIGH VIATIII AT WIDOW 6 MOE. Twill DAT—Moroi% 111. Atterw.u, Oh. Om. To•IlelliOW —Murals& MIL Attemoon, Ul. Was. LONDON, 211L - RSDAY, NOV. 14. TO OUR READERS. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. A !ate edition of tho Express is published every •veuiug during the racing season, containing the results of the day's races. Tue. attempt is once more made to break the spirit of the Hungarians by delivering them to the tormentors. All further discussion of public rights is interdicted, and for property and life there is no other security left but the caprice of the sword. Absolute power is locally delegated to ono man, and that man a soldier bred in the school Of WINDIMAIItATZ, and likely to prove a worthy adept in the arts of which that celebrated chief was master. Count PALFFY, to his shame be it said, is • Hungarian, descended from an ancient stock, many of whose branches have in other days afforded shelter and protection to the country in whose soil it has long held feudal root. Not a few patriotic recollections are associated with the name ; and in the days of the heroic QUEEN the family gave not a few distinguished senators and more than one Palatine or Viceroy to Hungary. Thu present Count, however, like others of higher aristocracy, has uniformly aided with the Court against the Diet and the nation. Throughout the parliamentary struggle which came to a crisis in 1848, there was always • minority of the nobles who could not by relied on as supporters of the Constitution against prerogative, and who, whenever any attempt was made to uphold the political rights of the community, openly abetted the policy of resistance pursued by the Cabinet of Vienna. Some rarely or never attended the later sittings of the Diet, and others by degrees with drew from its deliberations, and in the Austrian capital awaited unmoved the issue of the conflict. The same course has to some extent been pursued during the last twelve months, in which the reso lutioas of the representative and hereditary branches of the Legislature have rarely been otherwise than unai us. Count PALIFIi has spent the greater part of his life in the Im perial garrisons and camps. He was Aide-de camp to Prince Wistemutuasre in 1849, when the Bohemian General undertook to suppress by force the constitutional liberties which had been conceded to other parts of the em pire, and when, by energetic cruelty, he suc ceeded rapidly and effectually in accomplishing his purpose. The pledges given by the Ers rswra the popular assemblies that met at Vienna and at Prague were effaced in blood ; and such an indelible impression was left upon the popular mind of the worthlessness of all Imperial assurances and revokable concessions, that the recent repetition of a similar farce on the part of the Court has been looked on with listless unbelief by the best men of every race throughout the empire. What wonder, then, that in Hungary, where for centuries there had been a Constitution defensible and defended by • national army, some distrust of Aulic promises and schemes should have been manifested, and a determination formed by every man of patriotic feeling, whetherooivervative, like M. Draw and Archbishop Borrows'', or liberal, like Eorvon and TILZ[I, never to barter the tune-honoured guarantees of Hun garian freedom for the paper constitution prof fered in the diploma of the 14th October, 1860 The result has but too fatally verified the pre scient wisdom of their unbelief in royal words and centralizing schemes. For the second time every vestige of parliamentary and municipal liberty is suspended by the irresponsible breath of despotism. That the Austrian Court has found a fitting in strument to carryout the designs of arbitrary power may be inferred from the terms in which the suc cessor of HArxxy announces himself to the mem bers of the Council of Lieutenancy. " The " liberty of speech has been much abused of late. " As for me, you will know mo by my acts, as I " shall judge of you by yours." And to take security against the abuse of free speech for the future, he has inaugurated his vicegerency by sup pressing three of the meet popular journals. Yet the stupid man takes the trouble to assert that his mission is to restore confidence in the Crown and loyalty, such as formerly characterised the Hunga rian people, without which the Eursaoa cannot be expected again to convoke a Diet, or to restore coo stitutioncl franelielec If the ancestors of Count Palen/ could speak from their tombs they would remind their degenerate descendant that they never suffered • King of Hungary to be crowned without taking the oath to observe the laws and immunities of the realm ; and that when he talks of blind and abject confidence in the professed good interstices of a usurping and f..rsworn despot, he asks his fellow countrymen to abandon the traditional path of national liberty, and to abjure the political faith of their forefathers. If Hungary be nentitied at the choice of one of her own aristocratic sons to be the spokesman to her of insult and of wrong, let her remember that history is full of like examples, and that there never has been an oppressed nation whose fetters have not been rivetted by apostate hands. While the state of siege is maintained at Warsaw, be cause the Poles wear mourning and sing national hymn' over the graves of their murdered kinamen, Poles of rank and fortune are found ready to hold high odic* not only in the remote provinces of the Cnia, but in the local administration of Poland itself ; yet no one thinks meanly of the gallant captive race on diet account, and no one outside THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 14, 1861. the narrow circle of absolutist infatuation believes that the choice of such implements of repression works otherwise than as an additional cause of exasperation. It is so in Hungary. There would have been less resentment had a German soldier been sent to enforce martial law in the country to which he was previously • stranger. The free-born Magyars could have thought no worse of his public acts ; and as for his motives, they would have persuaded themselves that he knew no better. Hut for • Hungarian noble who lends himself to do the shameful work of violence and terror there is no such poor shadow of palliation. This is the sin against the spirit of liberty that cannot be forgiven. I IT seems almost incredible that any cotton spinners in Lancashire can be meditating a strike against the reduction of wages rendered necessary by the state and prospects of our cotton supply. It is too true that in the neighbourhood of limy some of the operatives have actually struck against the reduction of 10 per cent. proposed by the masters ; and at Preston there is a threat of turning out against a reduction of 71 per cent. Such a course, adopted under the circumstances of the time, seems to show that even yet, after tine great advance the Lancashire operatives have made in knowledge and in insight into their own inte rests, there is still much misunderstanding among them of the source of wages, and the causes of the rise and fall of the payment of labour. The Bury men on strike are reported to have declared that they will consent to a reduction equal to the advance made in 1859,—that is, five per cent. ; but they have struck against more. The Preston men refuse all reduction. Where do they suppose their wages come from 1 / They are, for the most part, newspaper readers ; they must have seen by the journals of their county that employers are failing in larger num bers than were almost ever known before. The Maechester EfAMilier says that seventy-nine firms in the district of the manufacture have failed since the Ist of January. There have been fifteen failures at Manchester, and the same number at Burnley and Bury ; and no leas than thirty at Bolton, Blackburn, and Clitheroe. When manu facturers of small capital, and precarious standing, fail iu numbers in this way, the larger and safer capitalists are under a great strain. They can stand losses for a longer time than weaker firms, but they have to stand losses. Not only does their business yield them no profit, but they have to pay wages out of their capital. Of course this can be only a temporary state of affairs. It is a question of time. Unless trade improves the day must come when the concern must stop, either by the employer's failure, or by his retiring from business before his property is all gone. It is very clear that it depends partly on the ope ratives how long this payment of wages may go on at all. if they were to insist on, and to ob tain, full wages, or something like it, the mill would close very soon. If they are willing to bear their share of the adversity of the time, the pay ment of reduced wages will go on longer, afford ing the chance of a return to prosperity. All this is so clear that everybody will be asking the question, on this occasion, whether the discon tented operatives suppose that there is the money to pay full wages lying somewhere, or whether they disbelieve that the present price of cotton is inflicting heavy losses on their employers. If the masters could go on manufacturing on the usual terms, they would be very glad to do so, even by sacrificing any such secret store of money as ignorant turn-outs suppose them to' possess ; for it is a heavier loss to them to leave their machinery idle, and prepare no stock against the coming time of demand for cotton goods, than it would be to invest any spare money in labour ; and their present contraction of their business, and reduction of wages, shows that they have really no choice what course to take. The operatives must be well aware what the price of cotton now is in the market ; they must know very well that it cannot answer to make and sell fabrics at anything like the ordinary price while the raw material costa double. If so, what can Vie men gain by a strike? By demanding what it is not possible to grant, they will simply bring their employment to an end altogether. Do they not see that they are affording their employers an opportunity of closing their mills, and waiting to see what turn affairs will take 1 Many mills are working five and four days In a week, and some are working three ; but it is more loss than benefit to put costly machinery in motion for only three days per week ; and many mills are closed in preference. The folly of objecting to a rtaluc- Um of wages under such circumstances is extreme. The profits of the manufacture are already swal lowed up in the price of the raw material ; and if the labourers refuse to sacrifice a portion of their share, the manufacturer must come to a stop. Instead of ten or seven-and-a-half per cent. of their wages, the men will have to go without the whole. All the world, in and out of Lancaahire, has had long and earnest warning to prepare for the very crisis that is happening. The manufacturers have for years past been exhorted to provide against a dearth of cotton, such as was sure to happen some day. The operatives have for many months past been warned that there would be short work and low wages this winter, and have been entreated to lay by every penny they could spare as a resource for the hard time coming. Both may wish now that they had been wiser. The manufacturing interest might long ago have se cured ample supplies of every quality of cotton from onr own colonies, from Egypt, Africa, and our great dependency—lndia. One million outof the hund red millions which our capitalists have invested in in ferior objects abroad, would have given them the command of the best cotton, much cheaper than 1 , the slave-grown commodity of America, in any quantity, however other nations might quarreL By being too indolent and careless to lay out a few hundreds of thousands in a thoughtful way they have given their fortunes and the prosperity ci a considerable portion of the nation into the power of a fore'gn people who trust much to their power of inconveniencing us. It is even too true that the American Confederacy would certainly not have gone so far as it has done if its members had not supposed that they could compel us to help them by making our cotton supply depend upon it. They are discovering that we shall not help them for any such reason ; but they would not have made the mistake if we had had the command of other cotton fields. Such has been the fault of our capitalists. The operatives, on the other hand, have now to show whether they have made a better use of warnings than their employers. The coming winter will show whether they began in good time to re trench their expenses, to deny themselves luxuries, and to look about for a variety of occupations for their children, in preparation for the days when cotton should be doubled in price, should become excessively scarce, and finally should cease to arrive in the country at all. It is to be hoped that many have money in the bank, and that fami lies will not now, as in so many former cases, be- I come all idle at once. In good times the tempts tion is great to have the whole family busy and rich together, and therefore we see six or eight of I • household all spinners, or stockingers, or lace weavers—at ono season earning among them at the rate of hundreds a year, and at another time all idle and hungry together, instead of being able to help one another under all changes of the times. We shall soon see who has and who has not been prudent in these ways ; but meantime it is a shock to the friends of the working men to find that any considerable number of them can hasten their own ruin by compelling their employers to I close their mills. One explanation of this insane act has been offered, in the way of conjecture. It is said that the men perhaps believe that the dearth of cotton r may be at an end at any hour. It seems so unna tural to thorn that cotton is not to be had, that they fancy it can hardly be true, or must soon cease to be so. Such feelings are natural; but it is not reasonable to act upon them as if they had fact at the bottom of them. It is reasonable to hope and expect that there may be a sufficient supply of cotton in a year from this time, from new fields of production. It is reasonable to remember that any great success on the part of the Federal forces in America, and especially the success of the great naval expeditions now being sent forth, may put an end to the blockade, and restore our communi cation with the Southern States. Such things may happen ; but we have no right to reckon on them. If the Northern army was in possession of Southern ports at this moment the cotton might still be out of reach ; and if it was reached, it might be found short in quantity, uncleaned, or badly ireparcd. There are various risks, if the obstructions were removed ; and they are not re moved yet. There is notb;lg in the state of affairs, American or English, which can excuse any rashness in anybody connected with the cotton manufacture. Rash speculators in the commodity will suffer loss, sooner or later ; and they deserve the punishment ; but what shall we say to the rashness of men who refuse the means of subsis tence at a moment when the continuance of that subsistence is becoming a grave question at best! AUSTRALIA. VICTORIA. We have advice. from Melbourne to Sept. 26, being a mouth later than those previously received. The new parliament assembled on the 30th August, barely a week after the conclusion of the general elections. A day or two having been occupied in the preliminary work of constituting the houses, and re-electing Sir Francis Murphy as speaker, the formal opening took place on the 3rd of September. The speech read by his Excel lency stated that it had been deemed expedient to extend the advantages of the occupation and culti vation licenses on the gold fields to persons who may be desirous of engaging in agricultural pursuits. " I trust," he said, "that this—the most liberal land system in the Australian colo nies—will not only be duly appreciated and exten sively resorted to by our own population, and that the exodus of those unsettled portions of the people who, having no fixed attachment to the country, are led away by every rumour of a newly-dis ' covered goldfield will be checked, but that it will be a powerful inducement to intending emigrants to make this favoured land their home, who might otherwise have directed their (*urge elsewhere. It is not too much to hope that the prosperity of the country, retarded by the want of facilities for settling on the soil, will rapidly advance under the operation of the new system." Measures for the reorganisation of the civil ser vice, for the benefit of the mining interest, for the abolition of state aid to religion, for a reduction of the export duty on gold, for a revision of the tariff, tko., were announced in the speech. It was also stated that the postal money order system would be extruded to the colony in connexion with the United Kingdom, that a bin to amend the con stitution of the council would be introduced, and that the sense of parliament would be taken on the mode of compensating members of parliament for their services. In the Legislative Council the speech was very badly received, and the add-ess reply assumed the form of a protest. In the lower house the chief subject of dis cussion had been a motion by Mr. Duffy on the occupation licenses. The debate lasted for six nights, but ultimately Mr. Duffy's motion fell to the ground, there b&•ig no division. An amend meat to the address was lost by 37 votes against 33, these numbers expressing the strength of parties in the house. Ultimately it was agreed that business should be suspended for a month to give ministers time to complete their preparations. During the present year, up to Sept. 26, the total quantity of gold brought to Melbourne by ascot:, from the several diggings has amounted to 1,340,773 ounces, which, valued at 41. per ounce, gives the total worth at 5,362,0921., while in the correspond ing period of last year the quantity was 1,470,386 ounces, valued at the same rate at 5,881,5441. — showing a balance in favoui of 1880 of 129,613 ounces. The shipments during the present year up to date have amounted to 1,412,378 ounces, to the value of 5,649,5121., while the quantity shipped during the same period of 1860 was 1,478,168 ounces, which, at 41. per ounce, gives the value at 5,912,6721., showing a balance in favour of last year of 65,790 ounces. In its commercial report the Herald of Sept. 26 says: The month which has elapsed since the preparation of our last summary of news ban produced little of import ance affecting business operations. Every description of market has squally suffered from the prevalent languor, sad tho fact is fora 1 upon us that speculation in trade has almost deserted us. The importing and wholesale firma are more cautious than ever in their dealings, and, in the face of the general depression, the retail houses are compelled to doel'ie doing business rather than increase their stocks. Every day, in fact, produces additional evidence that the internal trade of this colony is rapidly contracting within such moderate limits, as more closely than heretofore represent the commercial affairs of a population of five or six hundred thourand per sons of ordinary means of consumption ; and until immi gration has assumed dimensions corresponding with the natural wealth of the colony sad the abundant resor-ces which, under a liberal system of a lministration, every colonist has at his command, it will be futile to anticipate the extension of trade beyond its present area. The money market is very fi•m. The banks sti" main tain their rates of discount unaltered, although money is really plentiful. Eight percent. is the presentcnrreotrate for first-class paper. lu the open market from eight to ten per cent. is charged, but unquestionably good sear-Wes are difficult to be obtained. The rate of exchange upon London has fallen since hat week, but &strong opinion prevails that a further reduction is impending, and that by the time the °etcher mail leaves, the exchange will be at par. it stated that the land bills would be immediately re introduced, and that bills for the regulation of the gold-fields and for settling the Chinese question would require consideration ; and other measures of less importance were alluded to ; but no intima tion was given of the financial or the educational policy of the government, and no allusion whatever was made either to the recent disturbances at Bur rangong or to the nomination of a new Legislative Council. The question as to the position of the church and school lands has again been discussed in the Assembly. A bill declaring these estates waste lands of the Crown was last session carried by the Assembly, but rejected by the late Council. Since then a con siderable quantity of the lands has been sold by auction. A resolution was last week moved by Mr. Wilson, condemning the appropriation of the pro ceeds of these lands without the sanction of the Assembly. A long debate ensued upon the right of the house to touch properties that had been dedicated to a special pur pose, and the motion was affirmed by a majority of 22 to 14. This emphatic disapproval by the Assembly of the policy of the government with regard to the church and school lands, led to a ministerial explanation from Mr. Cowper at the next sitting of the house. He stated that his own inclination, after the recent vote, would have been to resign, but that, considering the import ance attached to the early passing of the land bills and other measures, the government did not conceive it to be their duty voluntarily to abandon their offices. The Chinese Immigrants;Regulation and Restric tion Bill measure, which is introduced by the government, provides for restricting the Lumber of Chinese immigrants according to the tonnage of the ships bringing them, and also for the imposition of a poll tax. A motion affirming the undesirability of pre cedence being given to any religious sect on state occasions, has been carried in the Assembly with out a division. NEW ZEALAND. THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD. The past month bad been exceedingly barren as regards news connected with the projected cam paign of the forthcoming spring. The arrival of Sir George Grey was anxiously expected by all parties. All interest about the war at Taranaki, and the threatened war in the neighbourhood of Auckland, was sunk iu the discovery of gold at Tuapeka. The diggings were opened early in June, and the yield of gold for three months has been about 27,000 ounces. We make a few extracts from the latest papers, which will give a tolerably correct account both of the state of things as they now are, and of the yield of gold from the commencement. Our first extract is from the Otago Colonist of the 13th of September, and has reference to the landing place at Dunedin, the seaport of Otago, or rather its principal inland town on its only navigable river : It is a mast distracting sight to see the state of matters at our jetty just now. Chaos could not have presented such confusion. Vessels arriving daily, and tumbling their human loads with luggage and lumber on the jetty, to crowd, push, and scramble through goods, trucks, carts, horses, and men, to some goal which they might find out if they can ; lighters discharging, and having the cargo laid out on the narrow jetty to be kicked about and trampled on at the mercy of the passengers, whilst the owners of the lighters dispute among themselves, or appeal to the bewildered jetty.keeper as to which of them have a right to the truck for bringing the geode to the end of the jetty; one .solitary landing waiter, perched on the highest pinnacle of the last truck load, endeavouring with almost distracted eagerness to keep an exact account of each package as it hurried off in some cart ; the jetty.keeper and hie aaristant flying from one package to another in the hope of getting their rules laid unto them for the measurement before they disappear in the general rush; carts pulling off from the confusion with • load, and others backing in to take one, getting their wheels locked in each other, to the annoyance of the drivers, who occasionally burst into a smack of Billingsgate, but mote generally tsy to make the best of it. From an "Extraordinary" of the same journal of the 18th Sept., we take the following : The escort arrival in Dunedin this day at 5 o'clock, bring ing 11.2131 ounces, having left the Tuapeka diggings at 1 o'clock on Tuesday. The quantity brought in by the last escort was 7,759 ounces. The escort was delayed one day ie expectation of bringing in all the gold offered, but more was coming in as the escort left. Considerable quantities of gold have also been brought in by private hands ; one party of four men brought to town on Tuesday 1,000 os. A gully one mile to the left of Round Hill was being worked, and parties making an ounce per diem. The weather was fine, l and the roads had improved, and the bridges over two creeks were completed, and had the effect of immediately reducing the price of flour to W. per 2001 b. beg. 2,503 miners' rights and 50 business licenses had been issued. All was quiet at the diggings. Upwards of 6,000 people were (etiolated to be at work, still chiefly in Gabriel's Gully and the immedi ate neighbourhood. Numerous persons were prospecting in various directions, with various success. Gold was said to be discovered alined everywhere that holes were sunk, but whether in paying quantities is nut fully ascertained. A new field is said to have been discovered, sixteen miles nearer Dunedin, in which one party were making an ounce a day. The wildness of a digging population, and the ex. eitement in the province, are ouch that thu diggers rush from one spot to another without the least tangible ground for so doing. The Melbourne Aryls says : - - An exodus has set in from ow. shores towards Dunedin, which has eclipsed all previous events in the history of rushes. The ordinary trading vessels between Melbourne and Otago were early found unequal to the crowds that pre sented themselves as passengers, and, as the fever spread from guld.tield to gold-field, it was found necessary to place additional lines of coaches on to the main roads of the colony to accommodate the miners hurry ing to the new gold-field. Some of the large clippers on the berth fur Liverpool were at once taken up for Otago, and rapidly tilled; next the steamers were taken from the Adelaide and Hobart Town lines, and sent to New Zealand ; two of the Sydney line were next taken off that passage, and engaged for Dunedin ; and in suoceasion all the large vessels in port, including the Lightning, Result, Empress of the Sea, King of !tidy, hc., were engaged, and despatched, crowded with passengers ; while craft of all kind., including steamers sent from Ade laide, others that had been laid up for months in the Yarn, and barques, brigs, schooners of all sizes and classes, followed with goods, drays, horses, and impatient diggers. About ten thousand diggers have thus been conveyed away from our shores during the month, and the rush as yet ex hibits no erupt= of approaching exhaustioi. Sir William and Lady Don were engaged at the last advice. at Sandhurst, Australia. They were shortly to return to the Theatre Royal, Melbourne, and play over the Christmas holidays. Thu Divorce Act has recently come juts) operation in Melbourne, but up to Sept. 26 no GUMS had been tried under it ; the notice that petitions could be received having only been recently published. Mr. Justice Moleaworth, the Equity Judge, will also preside over the Divorce Court. The Mdboirne A yes says " The Acclima tisation Society pursues its labours diligently, and almost every Indian steamer and London clipper now brings contributions to the stock of imported animals and birds in the care of the society. A portion of the Royal Park is now being prepared as • home for the animals, in connection with the society, and a bill for the protection of imported game will shortly receive the attention of Parliament. The movement will be further strengthened, in a few days, by the advocacy of a local jour nal, the Yeomen and Australian Acrlintatiser, which will be issued from the Argos office." FRANCE. APPOINTMENT OF M. FOULD AS MINISTER OF FINANCE. IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE EMPEROR. (REUTER'S TaLLGIII(%) PARIS, Nov. 14. The Moniteur of this morning contains decrees, nominating M. Fould as Minister of Finance, and M. Forcade de Laroquette, present Minister of Finance, to the post of Senator. The Moniteur also publishes a letter addressed by the Emperor to the Minister of State, wherein his Majesty approves of the financial programme drawn up by M. Fould, and acknowledges the necessity of confining the budget within invariable limits. The Emperor continues :—" The only efficacious means to attain this end is to resolutely abandon the faculty which appertains to me of *Ruing a fresh credit in the absence of the Chamber. " I am determined to introduce changes, and the Senatus Consult° which will be presented to the Senate on the 2nd December next will contain this resolution, and determine your budget, and those of the different ministries, by large sections. "In renouncing a right which equally apper tained to the sovereigns, even constitutional ones, who have preceded mo, may I do a useful thing towards ensuring the right administration of the finances. "Faithfnl to my origin, I neither regard my pre rogatives as a sacred deposit which cannot be touched, nor as a heritage from my ancestors, which must be transmitted intact to my son. " Elected by the people, and representing their interests, I shall always abandon without regret every prerogative useless for the good of the public, as I shall likewise preserve unshaken in my hands all power which is indispensable for the tranquillity and prosperity of the country." The Muaifeur then publishes a letter from the Emperor to M. Fould, approving of his financial programme, and charging bun with the carrying out of the same. The Moniteur also publishes M. Fould's pro gramme, which demonstrates the necessity for the suppression of extraordinary credits, and examines the financial situation. It recalls that recourse has been had to credit under all its forms, and cal culates that the deficit has reached the amount of 1,000 millions of franca. M. Fould's programme continues :—" The fears which the faculty of directly disposing of all the resouroes of France inspires in all our neigh bour► obliges them to maintain immense arma ments. To renounce this power, more apparent than real, more menacing than efficacious, would not only give confidence to France, but would calm the uneasiness of Europe, and would remove all pretext for hostile measures. " Even admitting, against all probability, that Europe might, from a state of complete peace, immediately pass into one of war, the abandon ment of these prerogatives of the Emperor would be without danger, as the country and the great bodies of the state would afford him their devoted concurrence." LATEST INTELLIGENCE. INDIA. Calcutta journals of October 8 have come to hand this morning. All the offices in Calcutta, both public and pri vate, were to close for • holiday of fourteen days on the 10th, the first day of the Doorga Poojah, the great idolatrous festival of Bengal. The Go- 1 vernor-General was to depart (says the Efurkaru) for the trip to the North-West, and the investiture of the chiefs with the order of the Star on the 25th; the Commander-in-Chief will also be off on his tour of inspection ; the Lieutenant-Governor had already gone to Darjeeling. " All Calcutta (says the Hurkart4) is winding up its business and pre paring to disperse in search of pleasure, though it is doubtful where they will obtain a resting place for the soles of their feet within holiday distance of Calcutta, for the waters lave not as yet at all abated. In KishattgLur they are six inches higher than they were iu 1856, in which year the di‘tresa among the peasantry was so great that government had to undertake public works to some extent iu order to alleviate it, even though the numerous planters scattered through the district did their utmost to afford to the people assistance and support." A year of severe trial for the labouring population is imminent in many dis- ' triets, where the continuance of the floods have washed out or drowned early crops and prevented the sowing of the later ones. All India is, how ever, on the alert to make the most of the cotton opportunity. On this head the Englishman severely censures the Manchester manufacturers for doing nothing either to further the extended growth of cotton in India, or towards taking off the stocks now on hand in the up-country depots : The following shows the expense of cultivating an acre of land with cotton in the Raichore Deal), the yield of which will be 2601b5., or when cleaned 70Iba : Government land4az Cost of preparing Lad 0 3 0 Weeding Cast of 201 be. of wad Sowing with drill Pieiciog the cotton 0 1 0 Cleaning ditto ............. 0 1 3 Carriage to sea-port Freight of 31. 10s. per ins Bornriog, baling, to. 0 0 11 £1 4 10 Commission at 2i per cent., Tid. 0 0 0 Brokerage at i per cent., lid. 0 0 9 Total EI 5 7 or nearly qt. per lb., exclusive of any profit whatever, either to the cultivator or shipper. It is thus clearly percep tible that the present priceof Indian cotton in the Liverpool market is not sufficient to induce any increase in the cold vation ; the more so as the charges here given arc irre spective of the thousand and one demands made on the trader by every native agent through whom, hands it pilaw It must be, moreover, borne in mind that any new lands taken under cultivation would entail great expense on tho ryot. The clewing, levelling and preparing the land would scarcely be done under 11. 10s. an acre, and the subsequent weeding@ and hooiegs, without which the plants would not thrive in a newly turned soil, would further increase the cultivator's outlay by at least another pound 'telling. It is, therefore, evident that without some more sure and substantial prospect of remuneration there min be little prospect of the ryota being induced toenterlargely into the cultivation of new lands ; though they may cultivate more of their old lands with cotton. But this canuot mod will nut be sufficient, and unless Manchester is prepared to raise the price of Indian. grown cotton neater to that now being paid for the produce of American slams labour, there is, we fear, hut a poor prospect of any very great increase to the cotton lands now existing. There is no doubt that cotton is being very much more generally grown this year than last ; but it is not oo new lauds, and is at the sacrifice of other crops. This is nut what is required, for it will never answer to grow cotton to the exclusioo of other crops ; the aim must be to induce an increase of cotton cultivation in addition to the crops now ustmlly raised ; and to effect this the induce ment to clear jungle lands must be far greater than at pre sent. We have endeavoured to place this subject clearly before our readers and the Manchester Cotton Supply As sociation. The matter rests entirely with them ; they must raise the price of the Indian staple, or they will hardly induce say very great increase in Be production. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CALCUTTA, OCT. 8. -- - - Elena/Gr.—There has hoes very little nativity in the market for bills on London, and tie rates have ruled at from 9t. O'd. to 2.. 5.161. for bank bills, 2s. 5-16 d. to 2a. 014. for credits, and 2a. 00. for documentary. On France sales bays been made at 2s. Oid. for three months• sight, payable in Loadoo, and 2.55 to 2.60 payable in Emma. &les have been made on Chins at 2.15 per 100 dole., and on Mauritius ►t 52 for thirty days sight, and 52; for sixty &ye sight. Ocivgnownwr Stcuarrits.—The speculative operations in goverment paper noticed in our last report, have not since bun so active, and rates as quoted are barely maintained. 4 per ast., dia., 16 to 16 12 ; 5 per cent., dia., 3to 3 4 ; 5 per cost, prem., 4to 4 4. MOSSY Xnagrr.—Money continues in full ripply and 'moot &already investment at even below bank rates. The speculsties in government securities has been maintained by the ease with which leans can be maintained at four percent and even under that rate. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. An Adelaide Commercial Report of September 27 lays : There has not been the slightest improvement in merean tile affain during the past month, our market being greatly I governed by that of Melbourne. The producing interests of the colony, however, continue to be healthy and pine porous. The season has been extremely favourable for agriculture, and most prolific crops may now be looked for with oonfideoce. A clip of wool better than the average both as to quantity and quality is also to be expected, and with regard to the third staple product of the colony— copper—there is no reason to doubt that many of the mine that have recently attracted alteration both on Yorke's Peninsula nod in the North will justify the very large expec tations that were aroused by their discovery. The July mail did not arrive until the ltith instant ; the delay having occurred in the Mediterranean, advice were received ei as late date se 3nl of August, and the news thus brought was forwarded by telegraph to Melbourne. Oar inter course with the latter place has been greatly interrupted by the transfer of the steam-vessels regularly engaged io the Melbourne and Adelaide trade to that which hoe sud denly arisen between Melbourne and New Zealand. Gold fields of some promise have been discovered near Otago, and a " rush" from Melbourne of almost unprecedented mag nitude has been the result. Whether there is anything in the new discoveries to justify the rush it would as yet be premature to soy. The ascertained facia certainly do not justify it, nor has the somewhat inex plicable excitement whic:i they have occasioned in Melbourne as yet affected the population of this colony. The unprofitable experiences of the Snowy River " rush " will probably have a 'Watery effect in checking any disposition in this colony to rely upon the chances of the new lottery. Mr. Stuart has returned from his second attempt to cross the Australian continent from South to North. He succeeded in getting much beyond his farthest fanner point,and estimates the most northern latitude to be attansd at 17 deg., this being in longitude 133 deg. Here he was stopped by a tract of impenetrable forest, which he made thirteen unsuccessful attempta to pierce, after which want of sulticieut supplies compelled hint to retreat• Though unsuccessful in the pretties object of his expedition —that of reaching the North meet—Mr. Stuart has ' esteldished the gre4 fact that the desert character merited to Central Australia is unreal, and that anal:nest bouodless area of country available fur the purposes of civilisation exists in the interior of this continent. NEW SOUTH WALES. The second session of the fourth parliament of New South Wales was opened on September 3, by hie Excellency Sir John Young, the first time that the present governor has officiatel at suck a ceremony. The governor's speech contained very little that afforded matter for discussion. It con gratulated parliament on the possession of politi cal institutions, and on the increase in the popula tion, in the yield of gold,aud in thegeueral revenue; ATTEMPT AT POISONING IN CEYLON. The °old •blood persistcuoe of an Oriental bent on revenge—the utter recklessness as to the consequences to others—the absence of all idea of tha sacredness of life, are well known, and were very near having a fatal exem plification amongst us recently. Oa the evening of Friday last Mr. Shand entertained • large party, including General and Mrs. O'Brien. After coffee had been *served they all became more or less sick, some violently so, The Goner.' suffered very severely, and we understand that Mr. Pennefather continued to feel the evil effects of the dose, more or less, until yesterday evening. No suspicion attaches to the cook, who having partaken largely of the coffee, after a day of fasting and fa tigue, himself suffered frightfully. A considerable number of native servants belonging to the house and in attendance on the guests, also partook of the coffee, and suffered in consequence. The symptom.. and the ladies time, as fez as tests have been applied, all point to arsenic as the poisonous agent employed. We regret to say that the old question " Who is she!' applies to this case. A lail in Mr. Shand's service carried on a liason with the ayah, • married woman. The cook denounced the guilty parties to the husband, and it is supposed that, to be revenged on the cook, the lad referred to mixed the poison with the coffee, nearly sacrificing the lives of twenty or thirty persons who partook of it. This is the suspicion at preemie rod the supposed guilty party is io custody. Mr. Shoed is about to issue notices in the native languages offer lug a reward of 50/. for evidsece which shall lead to con viction. —Culortsto 0/wryer, Oat. 18. WEATHER REPORT.-(THDI DAY.) THEIRSDAT, NOVIONIS 14,, 8 LL 11.1/5.1/L C. IA iC. L s ---- --I I — —,-- - 416131 1942 64 1 42 L. r 7 3133143 N 29.41 46 , 42 7.6. o 6 Lairs W.37 46 1 43 N.E. r 6 BEtewtca .... } 1 29.26 46 144 N.L r 7 51u403363 —NM 401 69 N. r 8 Minna ;29.471 If H N. r 6 814121.84 oHwar .. - t 1 Bd v s . s iti, soso w ril C.. 111 4. 4 44 4 , 4422 N.W. .lt. 9 e 7 9 0 3 2 s 2 Vaiarila _jaw! 18 37 1 Q0w11914781 129.W 36 1 36 N.W. I b 1 Vi 113013111 16.11 6, 41 1 40 N.W. 1 5 2 8 LONDON INCH 39 :37 W. 6 b - Dovn. .....- 29.30 41 1 39 3 1 6 5 P 011161100711 1113.41 43 '4l N.W. 6 c 4 P0271.677u lbs4 43' 41 W.N.W. 6 aI 8 Hamann 1711 714116, ISM 43 I6I 1 N.N.W. 4 a I 3 :PLANATION. ll.—Fkarptaster »dam! to p! gig. atme,n ses Irrel ; each 10 feet, of vertical vise, causing about Ohs-hundredth of an loch dimloution , and each 10 deg., above 32 deg., causing nearly three-huodredtla inerrant. L—Espoaed thermometer In shade. 11.—Moistened both (for evaporation and dew pointi. 11.-11trection of wind (true—two points kit of mag netic). I. Yorce (1 to 12—estimated). 11.—Cloud (1 to 9). I.— initials : b, blue sky : c. clouds (detached) : f, fog ; b, bell I, lightning: m, misty (hazy) ;0, overcast (dull) r, rain; s, cow; I. thunder. IL—dem &Parlance (1 to 9). Z.--Calis. PITTIOUT TO TIM &SPORT. PROBABLI BRFORII SATURDAY. N. Britain—S. to E. ,and N.-- E. to Northerly—Gale, rain or Gale, mow, rain. snow, then fresh. Ireland—E. to N. and W.— N.E. to N.W.-Btrong, then Variable, moderate, rain, moderate. snow. E. Coast—S.E. to N.E., N. and N. to W.— Strong to fredi and W.—Strong gale, rain. clear. S. England-B.E. to E.., N. and N.W. to S.W.—Strong. N. W. Much rain, gale, strong. 'N.B. Warning signals on Tuesday and Wednesday. The Victorian Industrial Exhibition was to be opened at Melbourne on the let October. Great prepare- Mons were being made for taut, event, and the Exhibition building was being fitted up in a style calculated to du justice to the large number of contributions which had been forwarded. Yesterday afternoon, Admiral Fitzroy telegraphed to Mr. Morton, Hull, to "hoist drum," indicating that a storm was to be expected. The barristers of Marseilles gave a darner to M. Berryer on Saturday last. Covers were laid for 100 persons. M. Berthon, bdtonnier of the order of barristers, proposed the health of their distinguished guest. Since the abolition of passports, and since a treaty of commerce was concluded between Great Britain and Franco, the communication between the two countner has greatly increased. During the first ten months of the present year 108,758 travellers panned through Boulogne, going to or coming from England. The number of tra vellers during the corresponding period of last year was only 91,785. THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS is Ht'NOARY.-.• The Peas of Vienna hos the following :—" We learn from good authority that among the arrangements made by the Chancellor and the Lieutenant on the occasion of the estab lishment of military tribunals, they agreed that every journal not appearing in Hungary, which shall be drawn up io a sense incompatible with the maintenance of order and public tranquillity, may be prohibited and prevented from entering Hungary by the post-office, whether the journal be printed in Austria or in • foreign country. In oonsequence of the new powers given to the military tribunals, a particular section hu been reamed at the Court of Military Appeal to take cognisance of the appeals of civilians against the judgments of those tribunal'. =I Pe!, the Po. co% of t uga i ati broil pas and