The Express. — London, England, 1855-03-01 00:00:00

THE RIVER PLATE AND BRAZILS. The Royal Mail mew efeawehip, La Plate, papists Le Fans, arrived is the Mersey yesterday. Her dates are—Buses Ayres, Dee. 12; Mesta Video, 1b; Rio Jumbo, Jos. 1 ; Bala. 9; Pernansbneo, 24; St. Vincent, Feb. 6; Madeira ; 16 ; and Lisboa, O. 800 brought so Weill a diassonds. Her data* from the Brazilian ports are anticipated. Dews' Urquias had accepted the terms proposed by the Basses Ayres. govereinimr, sad had bound himself not to barter, further is the :affairs of Bassos Ayres. One of tdta Maws, of Buenos Ayres (Sector Canso) bad bees ..a.4 governor of Basta The sew public Exchange of Hoopoe Ayres was closed ea the 6th of December. TIN tallith' form in the rural di►tricts wine being dis banded. _ _ _ TM Banes Ayrean market wu free of Eoglish mane- Mthasin. Hides sod tallow were scarce, bat wool was ar• aft*, am plentifully. ULMto Esslaad 304 ; dry do., 70s ; tallow, . per ton. To the Channel (for orders), dry hides, ZJw 11, 00.. ; tallow, 235. ; and heir, 33.. per ton. Eachaoge elf Imam 655. to &Ss 6d. Franm, 81 j. TIM Paraguay we learn that • large Brasilia three was on the I roatier. alar learljesty's ship 'Liftman was at Buenos Ayres. Tie Warrior Queen, god Eleanor Thompson, from Liver• poW, Jobs sad Urania, from London, sod Commerce, from Glasgow, at Bueoos Ayres. At Monts Video, a Bra sil ian squadron of war steamers wasia the course of formation. The mew ministry were on without any change Is their misessres. Trade is imports bad been extremely dull for mese t.me, but an improvement in the *Rinds of produce was apparent prior to the departure of the La Plata's "driers. Freights were •ery low ; wool 205., and tallow 30s. to 33e. per ton to the Channel. It was generally expected at Rio Janeiro, that the quarrel between that state sad Paraguay would be settled without so appal to arms. No news of interest frees Msdeira.S t. Vincent, or Lisbon. AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES. MOM THZ IFIICIAL COILYILIPONDINT OP Tali DAILY NZW9 NEW YORK, nu. 3. Daring the last few days five anti-Nebraska free soil have been elected from five states to the United Slates Senate—Mr. Trumbull, from Illinois, in the place of General Shields; Mr. Wilson, from Massachusetts, in the place of Mr. Everett, late minister to England; Mr. Harlan, from Iowa; Mr. Durkee, from Wisconsin ; and Mr. Seward, from New York. These are significant facts ; nor is it be lieved that in a single instance these men would have been elected had not General Pierce, who went into the Presidency as the champion of the great compromise measures of 1830, betrayed all the pledges he had given before his election, and opened again the agitation of the slavery question. In 1820, when the first serious agitation ot t he slave ryquesi ion arose, after t he adoption of the Federal Constitution, in 1789, it was solemnly declared by the American Congress that so much of the territory of the republic as extended north of 36 deg. 30 sec. north hiti•ude should be for ever ex empt from negro slavery. This law grew out of the agitation which attended the introduction of Missouri into the Union. No attempt had ever been made to disturb wt:st was called "The Great :Missouri Comprorcise." All the great statesmen of the couutry had stood by that compromise; and it was regarded as a compact so sacred in its character that no subseq , uent legisla tion was likely to interfere with it. Every intelli gent American understood that the power to abolish slavery . rested alone in the states where the ins itu tion existed—that over it, as an institution, the Con- gress of the United States had no control. Any other interpretation of organic or statute law would bare involved an infringement of the individual sovereignty of each separate state. It was with this understanding that the compromise measures of 1850 were enacted. Nor did any man dream when General Pierce was elected, so soon after tho tremendous crisis of 1830, that this com promise, or any compromise, would be disturbed ; but the mtless ambition of a few demagogues, meet ing with ready encouragement from the newly elected President, once more raised the slavery agitation, and the introduction of Nebraska and Kansas, as two vast territories, larger than France and Spain nailed, was thrown u an apple of discord into our national Congrtss a year ago ; and although the measure was frowned down by the enlightened opinion of the nation north and south, still, by the force of presi dential patronage. a bill was carried through both hours which opened • territory nine times larger than the great state of New York to African servitude. North of the line the Missouri compromise bad declared slavery go. There never was, indeed, any prospect that African slavery would ever be established in Nebraska ; but • desperate effort was made to insti tute it in the territory of Kansas, and the probabili ties are now very strong that it will there be inau gurated. The south did not demand the abrogation of the Missouri compromise, and it was abolished at last only through the power of 'political corruption, which enabled the President of the United States, during hie term of office of four years, to distribute the entire patronage and power of the government upon his favourite creatures, involving the payment of not less than three or four hundrrillion dollars, the whole of which was to pass thro dgh the hands of the men of his choice. A storm of indignation broke over the country, and every election that followed that atrocious act condemned Frank Pierce and his Nebraska Bill to infamy and contempt. The stat.s of which I have spoken were all of them ready to stand by the com promise of 1850, because it was an olive branch, which every one of those states had clasped in their hands, and accepted as the wisest and best alterna tive in the midst of an ill-omened excitement. Mr. Buchanan, the able minister of the United States at the Court of St. James, has been set aside by the legislature of his state ; and a Know-Nothing democrat has been nominated to represent Pennsyl vania in the national senate. Pennsylvania is one of the largest and richest states in the Union. For awhile she plunged recklessly into debt, in the con struction of her great system of public works ; and in the general crash of 1837-8 she failed to meet her liabilities ; but her resources were too vast to render anything more than a temporary suspension neces sary, and her credit now stands high. She is wisely deciding to sill those public works at auction, to emancipate herself from the incubus under which she has so long laboured. She is a noble state, al though she has, in proportion to her territory, popu lation, and wealth, furnished fewer 'eminent men for the public service than almost any other of the old states of the confederacy. There seems to be a disposition on the part of Congress to filially redeem its pledges, entered into with the state of Texas, when the compromise mea sures of 1850 were passed ; and by virtue of which ten million dollars were pledged to that state, as a consideration for her giving up all claim upon the territory of New Mexico. Five millions of the ten were paid ; bat the other five millions were retained until all the creditors of Texas should resign any further claim upon her treasury. Most of them were willing to do it ; but because some hesitated, the pay ment of the five millions was postponed. A bill is now being passed, appropriating six millions to cover the last claims against the state of Texas, interest , and principal ; and it is believed that the law will be enacted, and justice at last done to that new, heroic, and vigorous member of our confederation. Our present diplomatic delegation to Europe hav ing proved a most humiliating failure, is being dis solved, and its members are twining home. Mr. Buchanan is an aspirant for the presidential office, with no more chases of moms, nor so mach, as any new man whose name has not yet been heard of. But like an old statesman, he doss not so readily come to that conclusion himself, and it is understood that he is °owing home to look after his prospects. Poor Mason, our minister to Paris, has been struck with paralysis, and he is obliged to give up his office. Soule, Belmont, and Owen, are all obliged to expend far more than their salaries, and seeing no prospect of retrieving themselves from the disgrace to which they have bean subjected, they are willing to give place to better men. In fact we are in the midst of a ef peacul revolution which will end only in a !borough reform, which will introduce a new regime into affair publie affairs. Loxpoit FAllll2B' Cum.—The ant meeting of thie club will be oa the 6th of Kara. The subject for di sunion, " The Cultivation of Deli= Bye Grow" will be latrathised by Kr. J. C. Morten. The Meensies will etet• moue at half peat Ave °Wait. RIOTS AT LT GOLD (Frcee the if rtberene drys' et Dee. L) On the 20th November a meeting of 2,000 persons was held at Ballarat, when it wu resolved no longer to pay for a license to get gold. On the following day the commissioner in charge sent out the police to search for unlicensed miners. BALLARAT, TBIURSDAT, NOV. 30, 11 P 11.—le great haste 1 forward you the proceedings of this morning, and, considering them of the greatest importance, I send them by • special messenger. e At 10 CIS Meer,. Commesionen Rode and Johnson, with their troop of mounted and lost police, with drawn swords and fixed bayonets, demanded from the diggers their liaises. The diggers, on their appearance, assemb:ed is mimes, many with arms, to resist the enlacement of this most obnoxious tax. Mr. Commissioner Rode attempted to reason the point with the digger,. He told them be must do his duty, having received instructions from the highest authority to that effect, and do it be would. He drew their attention to what their own deputed's) had told them yesterday—via., that if they memorialised the Lieute , nant-Governor they would gain their rights; and that, I moreover, Mr. Fewkwir bad been selected as one of the number to inquire into the grievances of the goldfields. (Three Ghee. for Fawkner.) The cry of the diggers was— "We will not have drawn swords or fixed bayonets." " Where is the Governor t" Bend up the Charles Ho thaw" "We want justice, and we will have it." Upon this Mr. Commissioner Redo declared he was deter mined to collect the licenses. (" We haven't got them ; we I can't give them." "We have burnt them.") Mr. Commissioner Rede—My lads, 1 m,.st read the Riot Act. (The cry was, " Read it, read it.") He read it. The scene of confusion and excitement w hi c h occurred in the I sew road at this mome,.t eye-witayse alone can depict. I I A moment of silence being obtained, Mr. Reds said, " The licenses must be shown ; we mus: apprehend all who have not their licenses." One great universal cry then arose, "To the camp, boys, to the camp ! " For some dis tance the diggers followed towards the camp the retrograd• ing military force, when suddenly there was a shout of " Not to the tamp, boys, not to the camp ! Back to our own ground on Bakery- bill." During this period the detachment of the 40th and 12th bad formed near the bridge. Of the diggers, some went to the Eureka, some to the Red-hill, where they boi-ted their fi.g—. The Southern Cross"—while the commissioners and commanding officers were hollidog a consultation on the new road, evidently non-placed as to what were the inteatioes (.1 the diggers and what they were next to do. At length the military and police formed themselves into divisious on the Bakery• hill, throwing oat their " light bobs" as sharpshooters behind the heaps sort uniting the holes. The poeitian being thus taken up, Mr. Johnson asked what he was to do if, in the collecting of the licensee and the apprehension of the unli censed, violence were used. The answer from the offi,ev in command of the police was—" If a man raises his hand to strike or throw a stone, shoot him on the spot." These were the orders given to the police. An unfortunate man, riding, not being licensed, was taken prisoner to the camp under the guard of two troopers, with orders from their officer, if he made any attempt to escape, to blow his brains out. All this took up some time, of course, and the grand re slew having taken place on Bakery-hill, the government (ores, for some reason which, though both an ear and eye witness, I cannot understand, retired towards the camp, but not in peace, tir hundreds of diggers had equipped them selves with revolvers and with weapons of all kinds, both offensive and defensive. Scattered shots were heard about this time, and one man, having " scaled" his piece, was pursued by a party of the polies, who, acting under orders, fired on him among the tants, but luckily missed, aid eventually captured him. Throughout the whole of this eventful morning, from 10 a.m. until 4 p.m , there was one nni 1, unanimous cry—" We will not pay the license; we will h►ve our rights." I may state that the whole of the camp was barricaded with sandbags, trusses of hay, &c., and parties of soldiers and police posted behind these defences. No ene was al lowed to approach, but even in the main road all were told to " move on." At .5 p.m. we were aroused by reiterated shootings and firiog, which we &wonted to proceed from the diggers' stronghold, Bakery-hill. Oa going there I toned a large number of diggers assembled, totaled in line, giving I. their names in rotation, in order to become members of the Re. form League. All were armed. The sailors were placed in a division by themselves. Parties were going through the manual exercise under the superintendence of an old sol dier, and all present gave strong evidence that they were unanimous and determined. A meeting will Like plus at 4 a.m. to-morrow. 7 p m.—An outbreak has taken place on Creswiek's creek, and a part of toe pollee hes been sent thane from this place._ -- - A strong party of diggers has occupied the road to Mel- bourne to rescue the prisoners. I believe Keen prisoners are taken, several wounded on both sides, but no deaths. MOVIMANTO OP THE MILITARY. From the statement made in the Legislative Council yesterday by the Colonial Secretary it wilt be sees that a collision had taken place between the rioters and the military, although happily without loos of life on either side. The state of things at the diggings has indeed become most critical, and any hour may bring us intelligence of the most serious nature. The government is thoroughly aroused, and is concentrating the whole military and police force of the colony at Bellew. All the available men of the 40th and 12th Regiments have left town for that locality. A body of 300 rank and fLe of the former regiment, with their band, were marched out yesterday afternoon, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Valiant and the whole of the officers of the regiment Thai tool; with ih; w 7o;;; 1 1 field pieces, two 6 and two 12-poanden. All the officers and mm of the 12th Regiment, with the exception of Cep , tails Vereker, and the neesenary guard, have left for the same place. They number about 300. 24 man-of-war's men and about 20 marines from Mr Majesty's ship Electra have also been sent off. 60 hone sad about the same number of foot police wens to be &spieled yesterday alteraooa. A large number of beggar sad ammunition waggons were sant with the military. We also Misr that Sir Robert Mehl*, Commander-ia-Chief of the Forces, and Colonel M'Cartmy, Adjutant-Oeneral, intend to start for Ballarat at 3 o'clock this morning. The amount of the force, and polies, to be assembled at thess diggings will be little short of 1,000 men. (from tM Correspondent of the Geelong Adtertiser.) BiLLA/LAT, Nov. 30.—Mat happily yesterday over quietly. About mid-day a platform was erector= the Australian fisg—and it ealy—hoisted to attract atten tion. Messrs. Black, Keeuedy, and Ilumffray arrived by the annoyances from Oeeloag immediately before the hour of meeting. Some time alter their arrival the proceedings began. Mr. T. Hayes haviag been voted into the chair, the deputation to town was called on to suite bow mitten stood there. It was stated that the hands of his Excellency are so boned that he is comparatively powerless so far as the extension of the franchise to the diggers, the more per fect unlocking of the lands, end the release of the prisoners, when demanded by the diggers. Strong hopes, however, are entertaised by the deputation' that, if a memorial be presented, the prisoners will be im mediately released. The appoiatmeat of a liberally °oasts tined commission is considered to be an event of impor. tone*, as the instructions of the commission are to rectify all that is wrong, as far as there is power vested in them or Si: Charles. Mr. Holyoalte has not returned from his mission to the up-coantry goldfields, but he is at present hourly expected. The principal speakers were Reynolds, Weeks, Belot, Brady, Vern, Quin, 0. Black, Wheatley, Murmurs, Ross, Han dray, Kenaidy, he. The Right Rev. Bishop Goad and the Bev. Mr. Downie' came from Melbourne yesterds Bo urgent did they con sider their bushier that, I u , they, had travelled aU the sight previous. After their arrival the Rey. Mr. Dowding and the Rev. Kr. Smith tried to persuade both the esseemitese and the meeting to rive up the intended burning at Ib NINN/Af t bus trishout avail. The amendment to resolution $ bed seemody • favourer. If I understaad aright, this deputation mite up at the instigation of the government, which wished them to use their influence and prevent the burryinp on of the crisis which soar, now that the licensee are burned. The number of licenses already burned is pretty large. The next license-hunting day is the one on which all eyes are at present centered. During the earlier portion of the meeting, and for some time, the military tinder areas were posted in the gully be neath the camp, and all the other fora was ander arms is the camp. The Rey. Mr. Smith and Mr. Kennedy weal over, at the request of the oemaittee, aid wished the mili tary to be withdrawn hem the sight of the meeting, as then was no real wee he the display, and many felt irri tated at such as openireende of power. The meeting most (*quietly. There was a large num ber of persons Napalm* who kept up a rann;ag lire of small arms. This mestlas dimmed with wily • slight sad dest tea horse hem s OM. A large body of /slim was errand up yesterday main to the map as Eureka, to midi it, as the night before there had boss s omelet* rush made as it by the diggers there, sad stems violence committed. We have,11;;Ii•;; (for lesa awns at 'erred sada nfentatiee), des abbeys sea polies le the Mental nen badly weeded, Mu the nine ef lianday men' sad eight's rev. it does all lode& Canals Tees& was wu antreeesr the the neveyease situplles is.es MS, sad who me se woolly sun es es min Y. 116 k Mut ant danger. la mead's to ell this sad nest bs eidei on senior of the 11th, who hes died ifs gmehet wevai. Mae, Ohm, bMh Awn NM mu us swim* bat, though set to the hespitsl. I Ms Mad several mins of tie 'sign of this geanol. BT tomorrow flier to kens tie real state of the matter. Mb give s pse- Wes of ponies s brineekler ; the Mot Is la all dinning. =Mr the Winne of a s tra w Mt Masoviurs MolSOit.,—MaLsovatta, 3.—Tbo sold asarkst samisen deb% vide fie prise at 3/. 18a. per oases. The Mares Pia owed at ebe Customs yesterday with AIM masts, mai 4 6 1211. is pia web& It will be was by flto roam of Geoloor renege he Os tot malt is Nowak/. that Na wood allarados of do b. Ms a odds moot of sposilatio, mad hoe liqt=okiimi ftObam boa taloa oat of biol. TM tetra mama Tobago prises of lost 21. per team all goal's yeeleelei. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH', 1855. eutotliogrephy. With respect to the general question, it has been said, that sonstitutlonl government is on its trial, sad that the eyes of the world are turned upon Eng- land to see whether onstitutionl government can earry out its principles. Now. if public men, at a time when the national interests are at stake can forget everything bat themselmo, and scramble fir odes teeing the first plan that is offered to them, I say that we shall be the laughing-stock of the world, and the system of which we are so proud will be looked upon as a sham, in which the public places are to be only filled by the men who are unprincipled enough to sacrifice their country in order that they may obtain the emoluments of office. (Cheers) On ordinary onnaion, I should have addressed . you on home subjects, but by common consent all our atten tion is devoted to one absorbing question. However, on all the great questions upon which I gave pledges, I adhered to those pledges, and shall do so again when the state of the public mind allows of their introduction. (Hear, bear.) On the questions of the ballot and of church rates I have always voted consistently with the pledges upon which sou sent me to parliament. (Hear.) To return to the groat question of the day. We have been so mach united by the distressing events of each day, that we have quite forgotten the history of the origin of the war, and I do think that con sidering the phase which our affairs have now adopted, it is most important that the original considerations and causes should nut be kept out of sight. There is a small but influential party in this country, led by Messrs. Cobden and Bright —men for whom I have the highest respect, and than whom better does not exist—and this party, taking the peace line, builds ail their facts on a false huts. Messrs. Cobden and Bright sedeavour to make it appear that we are fighting for the Turk.. True, to a certain extent we are; but the condition of the Turks is not au essential part of the war question. It is all very well to cache public feeling against despotism, and to point to number one and two despots fighting for the third; but the real truth is, that we are fighting fur the Christian subjects of Turkey. You are aware that of late years there have been great 'meliorations of the Turkish laws, and, in masequenee, the Christian population have made immense progress in teaming Ind civilisation, while liberal opinions have been rapidly gaining ground amongst them. The Emperor of Russia saw this progress with alarm; and his object in sending Prince fdentehikoff to Constantinople was, if possible, to check the growing liberal tendencies of the Christian population of Turkey. He knew that, if the Christians could at say time reader themselves capable of selt'governmeet, he might bid adieu to those magnificent pio voices, the possession of which would make him the greatest monarch in the world. Accordingly, Prince Meotchikoff was sent to Constantinople shortly alter Lord Aberdeen had been made prime minister—(bear, hear) — and my impression is, and I shall hold it to my dying day, that it we had exhibited a held front we should have been obliged to go to war. (Cheers.) The Emperor would have withdrawn his claims, and would have been satisfied with whatever terms were offered to him. But we d,d not set so, and hence the origin of all our misfortunes. (Hear, hear.) The British government was compacted of two parties—the old liberal party, and the party denomi nated Peelites, without any considerable following, but having great ability among its member,. Now then men held distinctly opposite opinions on Russian domination from those of Lord J. Russell and Lord Palmerton. In quiet times government might be carried on with inch a cabinet, but it would be impossible in any great crisis of national affairs, because at such times a hall-and-half policy is nevi r successful. (Cheers.) Instead of telling Russia what Esg. land would permit, and what she would not, we pursued half measures, at one time patting her back, at soother checking her, but never pursuing anything like a bold and decisive policy. Having detailed the diplomatic proceedings which preceded the war, aid which he classed as all belong ing to a timid policy, the hon. member proceeded. All this time we bad at Vienna to protect the interests of Turkey a man of great worth and many estimable qualities, but en tirely unequal to such a crisis, but the misfortune through out the whole affair has been that our government has put the right man in the right place, nor been able to nerifica private, or party or family considerations to the public interest . ( L oud (beers.) How did we get into this wen ? Our Minister for Foreign Affairs told us that we were •• drifting" into it. I ark was that the word of a statesman appointed to guard the desti nies of a country . ? (Hear, hear.) The war was proelsimed to have no territorial objects ; every one knew it had not, but was that a statement to be made to Russia, showing that she could lose nothing—we, everything? Our government haring " drifted" thus into war, they made tie plunge et last without having the slightest idea of what were the ne cessary preparatioas. They first seat the troops to Oalli. poli without having prepared any supply of food, and had it not bean for the French they would have starved. Then they sent them to Yarns, and I must mention that during their first operations 1 was in coconut communication with the government, and there is scarcely anything which has happened since that 1 did not foretell, and which might bars been avoided had my advice been taken. Amongst other things, I said that Varna was an unhealthy place ; they subsequently consulted another gentleman, who said it was pestiferous, and yet, despite those warnings, they sent the troops, and the result was that, in a short time, we lest an incredible number of men. We are now told that they were sent to produce a moral effect on the Russians besieging Silistria, but in my opinion the Turkish powder and ball had a much stronger " moral effect" than our poor soldiers, perishing helplessly at Varna. Neat the Crimeas expedition was determined on. Government tells us that it was determined on in spring, but, for their own sakes, I trust that that is not the case. Were it so, I should el that some people ought to be seat to Tower-hill, where persons were formerly sent for crimes for which they now get distin. unified and rewarded. (Cheers, and cries of "The Garter.") If the expedition wen contemplated in spring, they should have taken every preliminary precaution before resorting to the critical eeperimeat of throwing a British army on foreign shore. But nothing was done. I saw the magnifi cent fleet of men-sf-war and transports, and thought that England, possessing such resources, ought to be able to accomplish anything. Although I knew the expedition was late, I thought it could not possibly fail, and I was still further confirmed in my opiaion by the victories of Alma sod 'entwine, which placed the old Eaglish courage on pinnacle higher than any it had ever before attained. But after the battle of Alma a delay took place, and why ? If we advanced at once, it is stated by the beet military authorities that Sebastopol must have falls.; the 'pain* was so greet that the gates would have been thrown open to es; and it is also Known that the French wished to advance. We could not because we had made no preparations for the transport of our wounded; and thus, in conesquenee of the n g het of the government , two days were lost—and with them an opportunity which will occur again. (Hear.) Again, after our forced march across the country, an extraordinary delay took place; and the result was, that when, on the 17th October, we ostensibly opened fire, we in reality did nothing. (Hear, hear.) Having alluded to the want of roads, of depots, and of transports, Mr. Layard went on:— Thus the army were left no tents, no necessaries; and while supplies were rotting in abundance at Eapatoria, the soldiers were perishing in hundreds at Balaklava. For the sick we had no hospital, although the French had prepared one ; and the consequence of this neglect were dreadful. The medical staff was insufficient, a state ment of which I will give you a striking proof. There was a steamer called the Kangaroo, on board of which were placed 700 sick and wounded men. She was to have sailed in the afternoon, and • doctor was to have noompaaied the invalids; one doctor being considered enough for 700 wounded men on ship-beard. I was on board another ves sel, and what was my surprise to see the Kangaroo still alongside, with the flag at half-mast high as a signal of inf irm. Our captain went to see what was the matter, and he found the deck so covered with the dead and dying that he could scarcely walk the desk. He salted the captain why he had not season' the Isere emewered that the me dical man who had been erased bed sew ems. (Risen, and a general meanies et boner sel *digestion.) The medical man who mailed was subsequently toned out, tried by court-martial, and thquitted ; and de you know why ? It appeared that the general had told him to be is reediaeea te go and to present ii self at his tent at • 'Pertain hoer. Now, whether it was that the dense did sot like to go, I cannot tall, but lammed of adaa bite the general's teat, be went up amide and leo at ti sad be was acquitted on she gees de that be bad strictly fulfilled his orders. (Loud missal N Ob, eh," and " Name.") What Is worse, he has been allowed to remain in the MIMIC* sines. Bat the same meleet pervades all our service. Lord Raglan writes home that be waste garage, because the hay has not arrived from England. Osmaive the absurdity of bringing hay from England, wins in Turkey there are hundreds of miles covered with the beet horse food. (Rear, hear.) No wonder that our keeps should perish when porter is kept sailing backward es t terseard while the men perish, and the trace ports are hided is inch a way that medicines are pat at the bottom and dine shot at the top, m that when the vessel ealle at &Merl ale has to be wholly unladen in order to get at the mainise sheets. (Hear, hear) All this time it &add be reeelleeted that we have in oar pay WIG lens of truseport ; mad the estimate for that item alone r 11,1100,000 L (Hear, bear.) Is it sot dreadful to talk *et set lase *se SOL has been spent ea every man is whet me ea eI esseibely end pee they been see received what has bass Weed ? Tbe speaker alluded *lke ditereat onetime ef private bea•volessw, end pawed a wean Nes pilots* es Miss Nightingale, who, he said, had eaeridsed all Me beautiful hair in eide r as night the more seedy be able to preserve eleadistess amid the terrible wielsked uses el the btopital. He site emsalineed Ike sue et a etwp of tea, *deb wee refused by to eineekeedi ad Is. 3d. tbe pound, and of height by lbe ems deperlonat at 25., end pressed* :—Now, a pellemes offered*. saber tai l : purply tbe troops with ample Miens, iseksilnig tes t kerb las* sad vegetables, a plat * els, wad a gill et as se a deed pdea, end the delivery le be amend ender a pseeNy. Ris ins net eutertakeed, red kr weeks be wee be elbow an answer. At lest, he noshed en =- ewer is Ike negative ; and, dace *en , he bag the nielbei by whisk be intended to earn vet al de dolls is is, that the Whin WI was net Magill ego. embalm« the* Ow skis will Nee * ale* tens a day_ end that a tweak nab* et mesh lan steadily beltway& sad Ihrtrarde add keep up lbe =et Of elem. be wield aid semi mil est one My and back the next; sigh blesipi asp do for the goveseasel• ps bet nth fee piens headset but Ids plan appeased me etlyleadble, and I will eadedsbe to say t hod II b w men ratb it would have bee. soleasefid. (Ram bail Ass** proof of what way .dine by primes Ike Timer feed, in whi* - es lieth e of 10,000‘ li a tr as limed* et sped was lf pints *e wit ed@ ern do tbiri Irby piernmet do muck sere wit Winked asses ? Thus must be sonteb b t a i: fault. (Hear, bear.) Ask whose fault it 1, and I Fou will find it is attributable to the heads of d e pa r t men t * . irst of all, the heads of departments are unacquainted with details; secondly, they are afraid to undertake responsibility, and throe whose business it is to see that they do their duty, when they go wrong do not. punish them. There was the cue of Dr. Lawson, found guilty of dis graceful conduct, and sent away by Lord Raglan. When he arrived at Scutari, instead of being sent bogie to Eng land, be was detained to fill the place of another doctor. Do you think the Duke of Wellington would allow himself to be so treated ? (Hear, hear) In the case of Dr. Dickson. the duke would not have him in spite of the reinstatemeat of the government ; and when the latter sent a new man, the duke sent him back also. That is what Lord Raglan ought to do. Do you think the government dared resist him ; or if they did, and he appealed to the people of England, would they not support him ? (Hear, hear.) But we have now in command men born in another century, who have spent :all their lives at the clubs, and now at sixty or seventy years of ego are sent to Luke charge of the army. But to remedy this state of things it is proposed to send out commissions, a course whist which I have entreed (my wet mast protest, because I belies they can lead to no good. You send out commissions to inquire into the transport and commissariat. Do you think any officer in the service will give evidence before these commissions ? No, an unsatis factory inquiry will be executed, which will have no effect but that of screening the offenders. Bat it is impossible that such a state of things can be permitted to go on much longer. England finds her army of 54,000 men reduced to 15,000, or 18,000 at the most, some regiments being reduced to the officers and • corporal ; and it is believed that, with proper attention to details all this misery might be avoided. What we want is to recoil these men, and not to lose time in sending out commissions, which can lead to no peso ! tidal result,. (Cheers.) But in addition to the commissions, you have appointed a committee, and upon that committee I wish to say • few words. I have never ap• proved of that committee, but voted for it as a vote of ' censure against the government. I believe its inquiries prosecuted strictly may be dangerous to the country, and what is more, I believe that it might have been prevented. (Hear, hear.) I believe that if Lird Palmerston had come forward, with a vigorous programme of reform, and asked the bout* to release him from this committee, they would have done so; but now it is too late, sad it will be impos sible to do without it. After one or two further observa tions, the hon. member concluded by calling on all who heard him to sign the petition in favour of Lord Goderieh's motion. MesTlitione were passed approving of Mr. Layard'e par. liamentary conduct, and in (*your of Lord Goderich's motion, and the proceedings terminated. HALIFAX ELECTION. HALIFAX, WIDNRODAT ETININO. The nomination is fixed for Saturday next, and will not, according to present app cos, be a matter of form only. Sir Charles Wood, the new First Lord of the Admiralty, is threatened with the opposition of Henry Edwards, Esq., Major in the 2nd West York Yeomanry, a tory of the old school, and panning an extensive local Mame. Mr. Edwards has once sat for Halifax with Sir Charles Wood, and was defeated at the last election by a very narrow majority. The contest—if it take place—will be a close one. Sir Charles meets his friends and supporters tomorrow (Thursday) evening, at the Old Cock Inn, when be will address them. The bon. baronet has already issued his address, in which be says : " Gentlemen,—At a period of no ordinary importance, I have been called upon to undt nuke the heavy and respon sible charge of the direction of the naval resources of this country. " If I bad only my own wishes to consult, I should have remained in an office where I have taken the deepest in terest in the administration of our Indian empire. "I did not, however, consider myself justified in shrink ing from any post in which it was thought that whatever service I could render would be moat usefully given to my sovereign and to the country. "My acceptance of the office of First Lord of the Ad miralty makes it nece:sary that I should appeal to you, gentlemen, to pass an opinion upon my conduct by your votes. " I am more than usually anxious that by again sending me as your representative to parliament, you should mark your approval of the course which I have taken in pursuance of what I believed to be the clear line of my public duty. " I have the honour to be, gentlemen, your Inteful and obedient servant, " CUARLE2I W 00D. " Belgr►ve•square, Feb. 26, 18.56." MR. LAYARD AND HIS Yesterday, pursuant to invitation, the County Hall at Aylesbury was densely Wed with the electors of the borough and hundred, to hear from Mr. Layard an amount of his parliamentary condaot alaee his election, and his opinion on the state of affairs in the Rest. On the platform were several of the more influential liberals of the borough, sad the c►air was taken by Mr. ACTON TINDALL, the Clerk of the Poses. Mr. Layard and his friends entered the hall at half-past three o'clock, immediately after which The CNAINNAN briefly opened the proceedings, and called ca Mr. Layard to address the electors. Mr. LATAID then Came forward, and war received with loud cheers. He aid : Gentlemen, electors, and non electors of the borough and hundred of A.ylesbary, I trust I may call you all my (Heade, although I may recognise among these present some who have been ray political oppo nents. It was • goo.' old castor', before we bad a news paper press to scatter over the whole kingdom the news of the metropolis, and of the world at large,—it was then the good old custom for members of parliament to writs daily to their constituents, telling them the parliamentary news, communicating their opinion on public affairs, and stating their views on those subjects. But now that we may read as we go, and that every man's opinions and conduct are open to public investigation, that habit is ao longer ne cessary. Still, I think it is good for a man to now and then meet his constituents, and endeavour to give an •ecount of his stewardship. (Hear, hear.) Ido not ap prove of a public man, when he has obtained his election, thinking no more of his eonstituents, especially at a moment like the present, when events of such importance are taking place. (Hear, hear.) I know of no padtion mnre agreeable or more disagreeable than that of a member of parliament appearing before his constituents. Agreeable, if be has acted up to their expectations and fulfilled their promise; disagreeable if be ha only a coafessiun to make of trusts betrayed and pledges uore• deemed. (Hear, hear.) It will be for you at the close of to-day's meeting to say whether my position is to be agree able or disagreeable; for myself I may say that although I may take • line different from that of other people, 1 have always acted up to the beet of my judgment, have endeavoured to do my ditty in the redemption of all the pledges I have given, and teenier* I can ease before you today with a clear and honest conscience. (Cheers.) Having now passed these eacomiums on myself, let me now do justice to the constituency by adding that no man bar a bet:er right to be satisfied than myself. (Hear, hear.) Up to this day I have received at your hands every cossiele ration and kindness, and nothing has occurred rendering a meeting like the preseat necessary. You left me unfettered, and I trust that I have a abused or violated your confi , dente. (Hear, bear) Now,however, political events of the highest importance call gether members of parliament and their constituents ; but before 1 go into these I shall take the, liberty of giving you • little chapter of autobiography. I war lately placed in a rather invidious positioo, about whi c h I should not have troubled the House of Commons, which has nothing to do with private or personal matters; but I do think that when a member of parliament has been the victim of con siderable misrepresentation, his constituents have a right to know whether he has been doing right or wrong in the matter coneermed. There is one subject which has excited consideratile gossip in political circles, and which has eves been made the subject of some comment in Aylesbury—l mean the unfortunate affair between Admiral Dundee and myself. On the face of the aff.ir you may perhaps think me to blame ; but I think I eau show that, although perhaps I may have been guilty of • little indiscretion, still, on the whole, I have acted in a way which ought to entitle me to your approval. I happened toga to the Eat with a gut's man whose friendship I bad formed, and with whom I have been since on terms of the greatest possible intimacy,— a gentleman of great influence, ability, and high cha racter,—a man well known in London,—and when he quitted me in the Crimea two or three dais before the battle of Alma, he asked me to writs freely my opinions on the war in the East. I did so, addressing him as a friend, and not as • perste con nected with the public papers. As to his being con nected with the Tunas, perhaps you will recollect that on my entrance into public life I had a little fight with that newspaper, and ever since I have not been their reporter, neither have I had any political connexion with that journal. I wrote to this gentleman as a private friend, and by an unfortunate mistake—for which he is not responsible —the letter was published in the paper. All the facts con tained in it were quite fit for publication, but there wen certain reflections on Admiral Dundee which I did not wish to appear. When that letter war published, I did what any gentleman and man of hosenr would do; I expressed my regret that reflections on the private character of any man should have escaped me, and I at once expressed my willing ness to explain away the offensive passage. I stated that I had no objection to make against Admiral Dundgs's private character, and as 1 had never seen hiss, nor ever been on board his ship, no breach of confidence had been committed in my writing to a private friend shot I thought of • man who commanded a large breach of the public service. I was willing to state this, but my offer was not accepted. Various threats were used, to which I did not give way, but still offered to explain that I bad nothing to say against Admiral Dundee's private character. At last they accepted my terms, and you UM the correspondence in the news. papers. I still retain the same opinion as to Admiral Dundee's prints character, and it is a very strong one. I must now say • few words as to my actual position at the present moment. You have no doubt seen that I have been I offered office, and have declined it. I will now explain my actual position. Some time before I had the honour of representing Aylesbury, I returned from the East, being then in • diplomatic position. Lord Granville named me as Under. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and I served for • short time in the Foreign-office ; but, as you remember, I Lord J. Russell's ministry went out •bout three weeks 1 after. Of course it was my duty to go out with the govern. mut, bat Lord Derby, who anteceded, behaved to me in the mat handsome manner. I war not then in parliament, but Lord Derby told me I might remain is the office until his eon returned from India, as he intended him for the post ; but then, if he continued at the head of affairs, be would give me en equivalent appointment, or a diplomatic mission on the Continent. That wee a handsome offer, and one whir& I could have accepted without any compromise of principle. I had not as yet en tered life as a public man, and could have eerily accepted the libelee abound. All my political friends were of opinion that should MINS the offer, except Lord J. Russell, who expressed himself to the contrary, and his; opinion I did not hesitate to follow. The consequence was that I defini tively refused Lord Derby's offer. Lord Derby remained but a very short time in office,and Lord Aberdeen:suoceeded him. Lord J. Russell considered that I, haying given up this borough and given up office for his sake, was fairly en titled to a position in the new government, and accordingly put me down as Under Secretary for the Board of Control Shortly after the same noble lord seat for me and imfermed me that a gentleman remained unprovided for whose ability and long public services added him to • po sition, and his lordship threw himself upon me to resign my office in favour of this gentleman. I felt that it was my duty to place public before private considerations, ea ceded to Lord John's Russell's request, and Sir Thome, Redington was appointed to the Board of Control. Shortly afterwards Lord John Russell offered me a consulship in Egypt ; but that I declined on various grounds, the first being that, having pat my constiteenta to considarable trouble in electing me, I could not go abroad and leave them to fight another battle. (Cheers.) Shortly afterwards the peat gustiest which is sow agitating the whole world began to show itself in the East, and Lord Stratford was seat to Constantinople. He was anxious that I should se company him, and I did so at great personal incesvesgeoce, appealing to your kind indulgence to permit me to absent myself from parliament. I de glutted *See, and west on my own account and alsecellat my own expense, so anxious was I to be of some use to the public. Aft er I wen; those questions arose about which I differed eras Lord Stratford ; and, after remaining until I found I maid be of no farther use, I retuned to this cesuatm and took the line of which you are all aware re -7e =g the war. (Rear.) Well, having takes that line, Nog eapect any farther office from goveramest, olden. I mast tell yes that on refusing the consialablp I was peened the first appointment that should be apes. It been said that my line was adopted in eon sequoia of gomenal disappointment, bat I now want to show my eoostituents that if my object had been my surest course would have been to hold my ioogae. I took that line, however, and continued it he two years, when government having sue talent a pout defeat, went oat of office, and Lord Paliesullan enseeeded. Yon are aware that, althosgh his was antiaally • new goveremest, it contalsed • large ma jority et the members of the eld oil. Lord Palmerston Wanda seflaiat me perk of the Ordnance, but I felt that, having veted only twelays before, that no confidence ought to be gineedia the late government, I could not consistently to In another composed chiefly of the same materials. (" Beer," and cheers) flseosdly, I recollected that I had mama it to be the duty of government to put the right saes in the right plasm, and I was in so way soaneeted with the Ordnance. I hit, hankie, that I should betray my own prineiple if I amp ed mediae In will* I smell ass serve the rabbis. The was that I reseed slim sad mad* a speak of whim "Pa me aware. In the menatime the new goverameat disagreed, three of he most important menden Mired. ma Lord Palate/5m effiwided to form a new geemmast. Oa Friday_ last ids hedship mat tor me and eillmei me the ohm of Under-lemeemy at War. Remy aiMsmgh met anxious for offle2 s yj d e having exposes* en* dem opines, I felt that I east be deft my duty to the peals did I shrink hen eieepting seek Ghee when ellined. It would het es ff I hired to lam the eritiaissa of whist I my bed hies m Thieshee, when Lord P•lmeaia aimed see tbe slowly nimle sew ceeditkos se la aimed certain %lawn and moped it. Bat se the lebwitg day Lead Palmmelas ant the me seals, aid 151 that for aortas im putes* Nam= he was geol to withdraw hi offer, but that at Lied I. ineners legimit I OW have the office of Umlw-isiniesy he the (Medea. I sew hit AM I wee ks the ease ruffles as I kad =kw 1a1414. I was net ampliated with the awl is Ilse 5 pies, I might have bad tinetime he Inep re I Sok is a memo et great asthma essiseery, vim mhos WM tha t M would they ellaingesd le de he mble= be = bal se , revises pesellir. ter eilled at the seine pe tilM Wanks rold elk aassara, that if be sesseediml Wake a govionsat weft d rabbi audidesee, sad of ay madames, b Amid lave sty isdepeadeat moppet. Mai, WO Be mob fa ray SWANSEA ELECTION. The election for the boroughs of Swansea, Aberavon, and Kenfig, to fill tio vacancy caused by the demise of J. U. Vivian, Esq., took oleo* in the Guildhall, Swansea, on Tuesday, the mayor presiding. A large num ber of the Swansea electors were in attendance, together with several of those residing in the contributory boroughs. The prescribed formalities having been observed, and the Mayor having suitably introduced the business of the day, S Benson, Esq , came forward to propose Lewis Lies/rips Dillwyn, Esq., as a candidate for the representation of the associated boroughs. Sankey Gardner, Esq., of Neath, seconded the norninstion. No second candidate having bees nominated, the Mayor declared Mr. Dillwys duly elected, and presented his congratulations to the new member. Mr. Dillwyn then proceeded to address the electors, and, having adverted to some of the incidents of the election, said-1 began life es' a moderate whig. Yon know what that means. I was brought up in a liberal school, and the comparison of causes and effects, in more mature life, has in no degree served to weaken the liberal ideas I entertained ; but, on the other hand, to strengthen them very materially In the onset of life I took the liberal side. The first part 1 ever took in public life was at a meeting eon d for the purposes of petitioning for the abolition of church rates. On the question of free trade, the removal of religious disabilities affecting any portion of:my fellow coun trymen, I have invariably advocated the liberal side of the question. And I need not say that subsequent experience has very much tended to strengthen my belief that a liberal policy is the true policy for the welfare, the stability, and the advancement of this country. My belief is strengthened that a larger infusion of the popular ele ment in the legislation of this country is necessary. You may rely upon it that it can be gradually done with_ per ' feet safety and with great benefit to the constitution. With regard to governments and parties, I beg to state that I am not a party man. I will not vote for Mr. This or 14 Lord That, but I will always endeavour to look to the merits of their measures, and act accordingly. With regard to the war, it will be my endeavour to support inch measures as will, in my opinion, bring it to a speedy termination, eons's- Wetly with the maintenance of the position of this country. I believe that this war will be productive of greet reforms in the administration of the army, and I shall give that important question my greatest consideration. In po litics, u in life, we have one of three courses to pur sue. Yen must either go back, advance, or stop in the middle—leave things at halves. I am for going on words. For myself, I cannot say that lam sorry that the coalition ministry has been broken up. Some of those who have gone out are, in some respects, good men ; but I am rather glad that they have gone oat. I believe that they Prevented the proposed measure of reform being carried last year. If the country wished to go back, let it do so; but Ido not believe it will do so and continue. At all events, lam for advancing. In conclusion, I thank you once more for the boson, you have conferred upon me. It will be my object to give you no cause to think that the confident* you have roused in me bas been misplaced. Three cheers having bees gives for the newly elected mem ber, and Wes sheen for the mayor, the meeting separated. Kum LIICAN.—A letter of the 14th from Balaklava say.:—" Vs were startled lost night by the intelligence that Lord Lassa was recalled from the command of the cavalry division. He leaves immediately for England, se compound by one aide de camp and the whole of his horses.' The remits for his recall have given rise to many tales, bet the most prominent is that on account of the fatal day at Balaklava ; but this is only supposition. I know this much, that the letter of recall commenced with the words, • The Queer desires you will send in your resignation,' or words to that effect, which has rather a curious sound with it. General Thackwell, we hear, is coming to take the command." NEWIPAPEZ COREIMPONDENTS IN 2HS CRIIILL.— TIN correspondent of the Herold writes:—" The attention of gutless* acting out here es correspondents for Lydon joss*. has been called to a statement made in the Upper House by the Earl of Harrowby, t. the effect that a meet ing of special correspondents had taken place here ; that they were addressed by Lord Raglan cc kis re presentatives on the impropriety of certain omens.- cations ; and that one of the aforesaid correspondents had replied insolently and arrogantly,' and been eonapwady ejected from the Crimea. I need hardly say that theseto sot a partials of truth in such a statement. The Wes earl has evidently baps made the victim of some miebieeess boas. It is most decidedly mischievone, for a aerials elm of the pub*, not intimately sc with the relative degrees of =filmes enjoyed by tiT oesuben of their lordships' home, the =Wa imea*. et • an Earl of Harrowbr will very likely wet wad bedi otteaticat and belief. lam sure that before this his ismilkip will see that he has been in posed ups% sad that some ' heartier jokers' him only used his se the =Wham for publishing this lively but 1# times sasidole feint ths seat of war is the out. The Wawa dos to whisk I proms lb lordship alludes was gives mpg ratable*. spatial swiewsaisels of the Dina sad aro imp =melee. It ens gloss by a timber of Lord lieglao's a g raejvo. sad Ores wiUt the awe parent ewarteey sad g y foellog. The geollassa to whoa it was abbess taseireil it la the awe wide. am& reamed a we iltl wini t: wetersose that, se kr as they wen sew. etwooL Lw4 &odd bare we own to impish' of their swan for the fame." Tim NuaAll Ramovez. Acre.—Yestettlay the, amended bill is weenittoe to eonsobdata the Nahum Removal Acts was lewd. It sow muds, 60 clauses, pad a amber of forwa to be wed la conyiag the some Into Dye ratisa. SOCIETY OF ARTS. A paper was read at the rooms of this society last night by Profaner Joint WSLOON, F.R.9 E., on the boa Industry of the United Btatti. Earl GarateitLs was Is the chair. The lecturer began by tracing the wrest of the mann facture of iron In America from its commencement to the present time. Previous to 1715 America was supplied from y the mother oilmen% About that time iron began to be manufactured to Virginia. F rom 1 7 40 to 1760 the average of the make was 2,360 tons. This had increased in 1770 t o 7,626 tons. In 1810 the year) make was 64,000 tons. Coming down to the year 18.40 the produce for the year was estimated at 316,000 tons; which save en incense of 60 per tent. in eight year,. In 1842 the production fell to 226,000 tons, but during the next four years the produce was trebled. After various fluctuetions, occasioned by commercial and fiscal causes, the trade revived, and the returns for the pest year present the appearance of a make equalling the maximum which the trade had reached previous to the depression. The lecturer then gave a detailed account of the nature of the ores in the United States, and their distribution. He dwelt upon the marvellous riches in iron and coal which await the enterprise of the capitalist, illustrating his re marks by references to • map, on which large black patches marked the presence of iron and coal. The chief seats of the manufacture were :-1. The Houseatonic district—production, 10,000 tons ; cast per ton, 20 dole. t o 25 dole. 2. The Hud son River district —production, 80,000 tons ; cost per ton, 18 dole. to 20 dole. 3. The D e l a w a r e an d L e hi g h Riven district—production 120,000 ton e ; cost per ton, 16 dole. to 18 d Is. 4. Th.; Schuylkill River district—production 100,000 tons ; cost per ton, 20 dole. 6. The Susquehanna River distriet—produe tics:, 120,000 tone; coat per ton, 15 dole. to 18 dole. 6. The eutomec Ricer district—production, 126,100 tons ; cost per ton, 20 dole. 7. The Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers districts—production, 160,000 tons ; cost per ton, 20 doll. The present consumption of iron in America he stated to b. about 1,200,000 tons. Of this the Americans made 700,000 tons, and imported 600,000. This large importation is obtained entirely ,from this country. While we export 600,000 tons to America, we only export 400,000 in round numbers to all other countries. America, then, is our beet customer. How are we to keep possession of the market ? If we cannot produce iron at • rate which will allow us to import it into the United States under 20 dollars for pig and 60 dollars for bar iron, the home manufacturer will beat us. The Americans have • nateial protection of 50 per cent., which seises from the charges of freight, commission, insurance, &c., to which imported iron is subject; and an artificial protection of 30 per cent. shins from fiscal regulations. The English manufacturer, therefore, has to struggle "cajun a protection of 80 per cent. After making some remarks upon the progressive state of the iron manufacture 131 America, the lecturer pointed to some s p ec i mens of a beautiful product which hsd been obtained by annealing the slug or cinder, usually considers d as refuse. He then came to the most important portion of the lee tare, which was, to direct attention to a process Of making wrought iron direct from the ore, without the interventiten of smelting. His description et the process cannot be given more briefly than in his own words : " The process I refer to was patented by Renton, in 1851, and was in operation at Cincinnati, end at Newark, New Jersey. Another operation of some magnitude fee. • similar purpose, and based on a similar 'ninety's (Harvey'epatent), is carried on at Mutthaven, New York, where the return', I am informed, are equally satisfactory. In both the coneenion is effected by mixing the ores with a proportion of fuel, both being reduced te a coarse powder, and raising tho temperature by means of heat applied ex terrial'y to the chamber in which the mixture is contained. The fuel is ignited, and burns at the expense of the oxygen of the ore, and metallic iron is left mixed with the foreign substances usually accompanying such minerals. This reduced ore is then moved to a furnace, suitably arranged, and subjected to a temperature sufficient to bring the iron to a pasty condition, when It is worked together as in a puddling furnace, and drawn out in bells of the required size for tilting. 337 this process a great saying is effected, as the entire ezpeuditure of exertion, fuel, and labour, would not much exceed alai:tithe ordinary process of puddling—while at the same time a superior quality may be expected, IS the temperature at which the deoxidizing action is carried on is not high enough to cause the iron to combine either with the carbon of the fuel or with any of the other impurities, as silicon, sulphur, phos horns, &e., which are always found in the ordinary pig iron. The first (Rentoo's) lam informed will shortly be in operation at the Llynvi Valley Works, South Wales. " Should this method prove successful, the enormous iron resources of the United Statis might be used to the advan tage of both countrier. The great abundance of the mag netic oxide, the richest of all iron ores, and its proximity to the coast, would furnish English ironmasters with a cheap material, inexhaustible in amount. English capital, acting upon American raw material, would produce the greatest beriellts to both England and America. During the lecture, Professor Wilson adverte.l occasionally te the disinclination exhibited by English ironmasters to the adoption of new I.TOONINIA Mr. GLADSTONE defended the English manuf ac t urers and thought that the variation of clim a t e in America would , he sufficient to prevent that country from competing with England, in spite of her natural advantage in respect of the raw material. During some part of the year the extremes of temperature had the effect of stopping the manufeeegee of iron. Mr. Blab did not believe that the process spoken of could he mere economical than that in we at present by the blast furnace. We can produce 3,000,000 tons of iron per annum, and as long as we can do this, America will he our customer. Dr. Percy, Mr. May, Mr. Dares, Mr. Bevan, and Mr. Macgregor addressed the meeting on the subjett. GMANVILLI rose at the end of the disenesion, and alluded with much emotion to the death of Mr. Hume, who was ono of the memberst of the society, most constant in his attendance. He paid a just and beautiful tribute to the virtues and public spirit of Mr. Hume, and his un ceasing t Mots for the advancement of science. He glanced slightly at the various remarks that had been made by the various speakers, and paid a graceful tribute to the merits of the lecturer. ROYAL INSTITUTION. The seventh lecture of Dr. Tysdall's course on magnetism and electricity was delivered on Tuesday, the branch of the subject to which he directed attention being the properties of conduction and induction. In the con sideration of the property of induction he d to sone of the early experiments which exhibited the attractive and repulsive powers of electricity, and the effects of attract lion and repubion were explained to be owing to the pecu liar power which excited electric. possess of inducing in all surrounding bodies a condition of electricity of the opposite kind. Thus an excited glass rod, which is positive, induces negative electricity on all bodies within its influence, and as the opposite kinds of electricity attract each other, light substances that are capable of motion are drawn towards the glass; they there become charged, by conduction, with the same kind of electricity as the glass, and are then repelled. The effects of attraction and repulsion were illustrated in a remarkable manner, by tracing invisible figures with the knob of a positively excited jar on a slab of excited wax, and then dusting over it some powdered sul phur and red lead through • muslin sieve. The sulphur and the lead being in opposite states of electricity, they sepa rated oa the wax slab, one being attracted to the tracings made by the Leyden jar, and the other to the wax, showing distinctly by their different colours the figures that had been drawn. Dr. Tyndall pointed out the distinction be tween induced magnetism in soft iron and the induction of electricity; which exhibits an apparently strong contrast in those associated phenomena. In the induction of magnet ism there is always polarity, and when a magnet is broken in the middle the two puts instantly become two magnets, each having a north and a south pole ; but when electricity is induced, and the body under its influence is separated, one part remains electrified negatively and the other positively. This was shown by Inducing electricity in two insulated metallic hemispheres, which were first placed together to form a sphere and afterwards separated, when the .two bodies exhibited opposite electrical states. The peculiar influence of points in conducting electricity was next szplained and illustrated. Ihe concentration of the electric field on the surfaces of bodies increases as their extent diminishes; and at points it becomes so highly con centrated that it flies off readily to all surrounding bodies. This was shown by fixing a point to an electrometer, which had the effect of giving a charge to the gold leaves frees a glass rod held at a considerable distance, the difference when the point was attached being that the leaves remained dis tended after the glue rod was removed. The effect is increased when bodies are heated, as was exhibited by placing a lighted pantile on the electrometer, which atted more sensitively than the cold metal point. The current of air that is felt issuing from a point, when fixed to an elec trical machine, was explained to be owing to the rapid com municiation of positive electricity to the air immediately round the point, and the consequent repulsion of it from the positively electrified point. AIITOCRAPHB.—In the sale of autograph letters and other curiosities, by Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson, the well-known literary auctioneers, oa Monday and Tuesday last, there were spetdmens of the handwritinc ammo of our distinguished poets, including Gray, Akensids, Csubbe, plumb, Moore, Campbell, Byron, Soutla Hunt, Barns, Falconer, Scott, Ac., which uniformly sold y, for high prices. As instances oldie =snit for possessing inch religues, we must confine our quotations to the following: Lot 62, Moore's "Lest Boas of Summer," 21. 20.; 82, Southey's letter to Lamb respecting Hone, 21. 12e. 6d. ; 146, Bonne bitter to Dr. Moore, containing his own life, NM ; 146, Burns' " Cotter's Saturday Night," 201. 10a. ; 148, Field ing's assignment of " Tom Jones," 81. ; 161, Scott's letter prodrom ßrol ia.no T u er enj 's , ina , w i rls eu ..was Peithgr ak il s w t srt edisiAmedi h t , th l :4 sirrises u l sain r:32 itiroinsil t : raw r w ard ie auto grap h n::s . tw . a t a g us Mars'si a • 1 61 I u s ; re: a n U ou o: 0 Robert Buss , poet," placed on the title.page of " amen thine beans bell which formerly Ivelsoned to the Abbe, 0( of a essmerp I mei tbeee.es well es One . ems eale el *else* Mr. Bend's beaks eul mieselmes, 10111 de sere to amylase the weld of our puseenet assisa a h " a than v o i the g w g eost ■ alweldad r milicid ßemel 7l"ll2: oltl 3l.l6i.sti 11aink.hAalVOs711"111.'e". tics, sold Gr l day5' .411661' ..; produced seerly 7,0001. _ . 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