The Express. — London, England, 1855-02-21 00:00:00

LA ERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.—TuraDAT, Pas. 20. TIN Lob C as iv. e'elbek. took kis Nit ea the wean* ARMY SERVICE ACT AMENDMENT BILL. Lord PANKURE moved the wend readies of this bIU The Berl of SLLENBOROUOII, without inteading to =the measure, suggested that iti operation should be to a period of three years. He prommalled to criti eine is considerable detail the orgaalsaties of the lusty, and the military poker of the country. Lord PANNIUII.II assented to the proposed Intitatioa, and, afar some farther coaversation, the bill was read a nosed time. The standing orders of the house Wag specially sits psaded for the purpose, the bill was carried through the remainiag stages, and passed babes their lordships ad journed. The boats 1040 at half-put T o'clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS—TVIDAT, FEIL 90. The &queen took ths chair at 4 o'clock. NEW WRIT. On the motion of Mr. C. Bence, a sew writ was ordered for the county of Stirling, in the room of Mr. Forbes, de- mead. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The following bills wins read &second time:—Manchester Improvement ; Birkenhead Dosk Trustees ; Liverpool Cor poration Water. LIVERPOOL IMPROVEMENT BILL. Oa Ws motion for the wooed reading of this Mr M. GIBSON said teat there wee a question of public galley analog out of this measure, to which he thought it right to call the attention of the house. It would be in the recollection of the house that some time since a commission wee appointed to inquire into the question of harbour dem. This commission had not yet completed its report, bet span that document, when completed, no doubt the kg's later, would thick right to found some public isessure. This private bill would, however, to a certain ratan, he feared, mortgage dues to be raised hereafter in the port of Liverpool ; sad, tberekto, would be ma impsdimeat i* the way of future legislation on the subject. He did not latead to oppose the soossid reading, hut be certainly thought that some alums ought to be imarodsood to pro vide against the evils while ths bill thessionei Mr. HADFIELD sonsideeed thee velem same guartes WWII given open the pate* saseliseel by lie sight m hos. frilled (Mr. M. Gibson) the bill would be met etiostlene able He. therefore, 'moved that it be read a cussed time That day sir mouthk Mr. t;AAD iv ELL tbsught that he had better at mies state the foots of rho MOO to the house. Early in the year 1802 the ipmaties of peals( tolls and of ether dues levied es dips fa gnomes &In se limit to the parties goyim. se% NM =doe the rradon of the bow, sad the gemenelest than issued. eammimina Ar dm pno=l eolleatiag a mare ad bkontabas apes whisk Man lion might safely M Sounded. After that time the chant ithipping Ant poised, is which a clause was intro duced providing whim the Joel/rant which parliament might hereafter Ass upon the question being interfered wife by mortgages of tolls. A clause similar to that was aim is the peaseat bill, and he (Mr. Cardwell) had had that iambs an Interview with the Chairman of the Liver pool D mks, who had given an undertaking that the clause should eat be withdrawn from the measure. This being se,hie del net think throe was any emus for the apprehen sions whisk had hoes ezpossesd by his right hes. and ham Moeda whew weeded him. Mr. LIDDELL *eight that after what lad beta maid by the right Ms. pedants. opposite, he wed net pp far ther into the matter. TM name was of legal importance to Lirsepsol e and be tasted that the hem would miasma to its poising. Mr. BRIGHT was of opioioa that after the shillomeat of the right hon. patients there seed le no dlllesity in reading the bill a mead time. He rise, that his hoe. friend would withdraw kb Mr. HADFIELD would de sop if he disberift nadir stood that the bill vise not to pm without the Marais in question. Mr. CARDWELL agate explained that he had ea os manes to that street ; when The amendment was withdrawn, sad the bill read a mend time. PUBLIC BUSINESS. THE ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS. Mr. BRIGHT bad a petition to present, to whisk he wished to 'all the particular attention of the hones. The petition wee from Charlotte loom, WllO formerly MUD* U Merthyr Tydvil, and was the wife of a collier ia that db. trial. She stated that is 1850 she was falsely sbargal Ida =Log lamas,' whisk was ealuataious ; that I. Vitriol she was served with a eitetioa from the u =s Court of Llawilla; that ahe offered to make a reeantatiam were whisk she had savor ward—(lamthter)—lest Une em• pemsa amemated be between 7L mad Si., a sus beyond the ability of Mosel! or ber hasbaad to pay, that in Ibie ti of April Yid she um taken to Cardiff gas i that dot bas thas bees hem the 16th April, 1864, to the 281b= 1866, Marstemalad for as Wham whisk ski sew " She oho stabol that she had applied to dot biting ed the dimes and to tho Ssastary of Stab be the Eons Dopseissid, to.. 'wither of whisk : 'armies lad she olibbedi gag FALL Oho *wakes moo to the booms milk the Malls playa tbat by the wa- Fdpasliameat *dot =ollie *NM tibia gires te the liedsobellsol Chmiet ems of deeds,— elmasid—oad that steps 1554; Liss to debase bar Rua penal psalm. adiglie) maid set Isa eider Mha =reseal ea IL dwell thseebra sow Sao Id.-sif to Mack • fees. was this ; that a stale et *bp like that shows is this reign was most Madam. (" Hear, hoar," and Lighter NOTICE OF MOTION. Mr. SCOTT gays notice that on a future day ha shield novo for copies of despatches addressed to oar admirals is the Black Sea, mad of the corrsspoadosos sa relation thereto. _ RETURNS ORDERED. On the motif); of Mr. ADDEBLEY, Marne wen tes clued of the amber of mil Mashers appreatisrl si tlis tint operation of the Wafts et Aspire mod ta UM, et the 31st day a Deseetbee. Ilk et the overbe; who, having terminated apprentiewhip. ems sew la train ing eoll.ges; of the sashes who, baying teenhated ap• pentieeships, ara now espied es milieu emetheee under Waste of July, 18.52, or a t r e := of sehasie nail, et the number who, having are neither in mini., weeps wee we a r=t i n i staat Mashers, bet have toss WOO SON eseepetiese. ROADS AT BALAELAVA. _ _ Mr. LOCKE asked whether any report W boos ressived from the engineers sent eat to seastraet tbe =at Es laklava, stating the whisk bee bees Wads, sad the time that wold ho asaaory far agagallaht s t railway. Also, whether say manes nom mad between% Sikhism end the eternally of tbs Ing o soplie of emits the wants of the aray g sod, it ael e wMMa lag seders bad bees given for the ameisdea deaths mad. Lord PALMERSTON said that inganeensa bad begs reseived by the ornament of the arrival et obi mess= gad workmen at Sikkim' who were to be s is Lying down a railway there. Them wm also at alai piss the iron ready to fora sittees labs of railway, top Om with everythiog elm needful for the works, whisk Ina being proceeded with. With regard to the outer panel the iitiesboo, he believed that there was ao ether Ind formed at Balaklava this that which had heretofore cdomil. The government were sot in pommies of informs*. which would amble them with any certainty to my hew lag the railway would take to construct .11AYNOOTII. Mr. SPOONER eked the First Lord of the Treasury when the report of the monaistionen eppoioted to inquire • into the system of education carried on at the College of Maycooth would be presented to parliament. Also, whether it was tree that a copy of the evidence taken before that commission had been forwarded to Dr. Cullen, and, it so, when and by whom authority it was so forwarded? Lord PALMERSTON was sorry to say that he was unable to answer the question as to when that report would be presented to parliament It had not yet been made by the commissionees. As to the other part of the question, he was totally isioraut of the matter - to which it It,. SPOONlR—Perhaps the noble lord win make la quirts.. It is a very important matter. (Laughter.) BBRO - 8A14113 IN THE AitILIF. Mr. A. PELLATT asked the ilader-fiteretu7 of State for War whether the government intend to allow sergeant'', while serving, the same 'Aguayo of pay as is now given to aorperals, namely, one penny per day for every tam of Ave years' meritorious service, with corresponding retiring pen sion; also whether reasonable pensions would be allowed to the widows of serpents. Mr. F. PEEL reminded the hon. member that the posi tion of sergeant was in itself considered a Tawas* for meri torious service, and that if a sergeant behaved otherwise than meritoriously he was degraded to the ranks. With to pensions, the same were granted to sergeants a to rt[ l : t r d men in the army, bat upon a slightly Morommed male. SYSTEM OF PROMOTIONS IN TEI AZMT. Wable friend the member for Huddersfield (Lord Gellseida) is his place, he took that opportunity of asking him to peatriene his motion upon the present system of premedsm in the army. He made this request on behalf of his hen. friend who lately held the office of Secretary at Illree S. Herbert), who was moat anxious to be present when the matter was discussed, but who was now confined te house by illness, and was therefore unable to attend ea that occasion. Lord GODERICH said that under the circumstances he could not refuse the request of the noble lord. He trusted, however, that the noble lord would give him an early day for the motion. Lord PALMERSTON thought that upon the let March the motion woald stand in as good a position as it did upon that occasion. Lord GODERICH postponed his masa to that day. TENANTS' COMPENSATION ( lL111.1131D) BILL. Ma. Nadeau SHEB rose to ask 14111,4 tee bohng la • bill to Wtempeneation for improvieg triode mg to oessoll• ' et% mod the laws relating to leasing pewees is Im hof. The his. and learned member proseeded to team *often" el the Modest mad boast to lookoll, soongbiallog ghe hole idiot Is bod ht tiowooll est bow the et sneil ls =a= 4 4 ll.lll.2 b i k e d Ne di es d indigo' ea Omni aseirong tot tio= orooloy. TSB EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 21, 1855. eigegey.qb ohject would be answered. Should they not be istidactory, he nest bring forward his motion in a sub elentive form. He night say for himself—end he believed that was the punt Iselln—that so beg as her Majesty's t wen prepared to urn oe the wee with vigour, rue bike to interim erMk them ; but, on the Kwas li they were amine es per Mem their cordial sup was only en their Alm le senduet the war with vigour that it liquid bump necessary for the house to expels ille ”inklet OF a feelludee. The peculiarities of our trade with Ruda were well Mem and it was known that i.E is *seemliest emeesly be said to exist an industrious and sisubstering Moo. The wealth of Russia was almost entirely the produerden of the labour of serfs—hemp, tai. low. lan, Hawed, sad other articles of that description, raised from the NU. It toss well known that for these camislities we were the eustomen of Russia to ten times the Melia( Of any ether soustry, and more than all the rest of the world put together. And, further, that these pro dustless were raised in • great measure by menu of the capital of British merchanta,lthat the landed proprietors of Russia were enabled to raise these productions from the soil by advances from the British merchants is Meter to Ulf landed proprietors who sent us their pro ducts in summer. Cat off, therefore ' this capital, and they deerseeed the productive power of Russia. Now, at the outbreak of the war be thought he was correct in saying it was expected that as much injury would be done by cutting or her commerce as by the operations of our army and our feet. It was sale, aad truly, "we are not a groat military nitre—we have not a great army—but we have a great !set, which Gan, at lent, blockade the fleet of Russia in ." It was confidently anticipated that from that blockade the commerce of Russia would be so crippled that in • short time it would be almost impossible At the Emperor of Russia to carry on the war. Histasy was appealed to, and 1801 was cited na as example. At that time the trade of Ras sin wee destroyed, the nobles could not coatribute to the of the war, and disastrous consequences ensued. li f i l l iCruntly, Russia was induced by Napoleon to joie the continental system, and from that time the rouble de- dined in value, and its declining in value betokened' swim Ameisedifilculties to the Emperor of Russia. At the Mast of this war the value of the rouble was 38d. ; it fell to 324., and it was confidently anticipated that before the war bad lasted much longer ruin and poverty would befall the landed proprietors, and that the Czar would be in a state of bankruptcy. Now, let them Inquire how far these anticipations had been realised. He ventured to say that if our arms had hitherto failed in the Crimea—and when he said they had he did not imply a doubt as to their ultimate smess—our operations against the trade of Russia had failed, and morose. So far from a blockade of the ;oda. eipal ports of Russia having been efficient, the exports from these ports had been greater than they ever were before. The ease might be summed up in this statement—that the sommans of Ruda had not been injured, and that ten mil. lions of English money bad gone to Russia in the present season—eleven millions being the ordinary sum—and that the value of the rouble, which had fallen to 32d., had risen to par. When he said that ten millions had gone to Russia this year, instead of 11 millions, let him explain. We were in the habit of paying in three ways, first by exports from this euatry ; seoendly, by amalgamate of foreign cargoes ; and thirdly, by mousy. The first two :of these modes of payment had been eat off, and the whole of our payments this year had been in money, which was what the Emperor of Russia moot desired, and P" :rt2 enabled him to equip his forces. Now, he ventured to say that if they were to rely on an end being pat to this war on the measures which had been taken to put an end to the commerce of Russia, the war would last the life of the youngest of them. He believed the mat was anticipated Am the blockade of the ports of the Black Sea and the Sea of Asoff, for that was a blockade that could not be evaded by land carriage, the distance being too great. And of course this was a subject on which • greet deal of Interest was telt, and several question were put in that house to the first Lord of the Admiralts, and he would read from the Daily New the report of the answers to those questions. Oa the Ist of June Sir James Graham said "he had on nun than one occasion endeavoured to give a distinct answer to • ques. inn nearly identical with that now put. Distinct orders had been sent by the governments of England and France to imitate • blockade of the principal Russian pone, both in the Baltic and in the Black Sea, and the effect of the blockade would apply to ships of all nations, whether amidst, French, or English." He went on to say that de facto this blockade existed. Subsequently, statements were made to the same silent. Now it was a fact that these blockades were not instituted, that up to the present time they had not been instituted. A blockade in the Black Sea was intended to commence on the Ist of this month—it was subsequently pat off to the 14th ; and it there had been a blockade at all, it had been instituted within the last two or three days. What had been the effect of this ? He had • memorandum which had been forwarded to him by the Chamber of Commerce at HuU—s respectable body, who had taken a great deal of pains to obtain information on this subject, and who, speaking of tb• trade serried on through the ports of the Black Sea and the Sea of Anil', said— " Shipments of linseed have continued to be made from the Russian ports of the Black Sea and Sea of Asoff, on a scale unprecedented in say previous year. (Hear.) Since the de claration of war, that is, from May to December, 380 to 400 fromyg about 700.000 quarters of linseed, have sailed the Russian ports of the Black Sea and Sea of Azar. representing • value to Russia of about • million sterling in this one article My. The greatest previous annual export of linseed was in 1863 sad 1864; that nth. entire twelve months of 1863 being 040,000 quarters, Min the entire twelve months of 1862 only 446,000 quarters; whereas in the eight months of this present year of war, in the face of an snared blockade, we have the enormous export of 700,000 quarters, and that in an article of the first magnitude as respec ts the trade of the Blink Sea. The injury to British merchants, as alluded to in the fore going memorandum, has endued through the interim since July. The reiterated asenreass on the part of minis ters, tbe: the blockade would be strictly enforced, has had the effect, not only of placing this considerable trade in the heeds of foreign houses, but the counter operations into whisk rite said British merchants were driven in conte mns of their being se warned off from the Black Sea, are thaeolsaed with less owing to the immense import from the very quarter fns which they were thus interdicted, and flea which gummiest assured them repeatedly nothing would be Unwed to WON. As • collateral ooasequeace, the neutral shipowner his found his vessels employed at high taille, WINNOW Imports of the like articles from neutral marl* en which British ships could have been imaged, have Me_ pepeetionally discoursged." Although ports of ibe Rink In sad the Sea of Azar had not boss MeatadN, the month el the Danube bad. If the months et the Daubs bed net helm biothaded, we should have hem enabled to eheein a large quantity of corn from the FeheMiliies. TlasseAre the result was that we had bleskeded the months of the Danube, whisk we ought not to have blockaded, sad that we had net blockaded the peels of the Black flee and the lee of Asoff, which we ought to have bisehaded. The consequence was that the exports fres JAMB dad been greater than ever; that the BMA undies% believing the assurance, of the SINIIIIIII" lad made sot ringernente in India and eleraffineefixt the ar ticles they usually obtained from Hui; OM bed brought these articles home; and that, se eseepebsded WM from Basis also, they had sustained • pest ha TAP Mkt parties who had benefited had been the Greek m who all along disbelieved in the blockade. Now he be extremely glad to ham • satisfactory explanation ea Ills subject. He thought the house would Iwo "Mb big that sane explanation was due to the WM; ate Its must say that when his honourable and PAM Mend the Secretary to the Admiralty, in his speech Se ether day, ingested the propriety of turning the river though the Hone Guards, and in which, with great frankame , he said the war had b e diegracetully conducted, he mated in a manner that would be satisfactory at least to his constitu ents; but when he said there was no blame attributable to the Admiralty, and that be had nothing to explain, he thought he went rather too far. He was quits prepared to believe that the First Lord of the Admiralty had • satis factory explanation ready, so far as the Admiralty was we aselled • but he thought he might venture to lay down this rule, that the head of • department was answerable for failures union he showed who the culpable party was; and es his being disinimed and a better man substituted there Mame of improvement; bat if they were =into know wile mato blame, if they were n to lay their hands on ille foompololo, or the incompetent, or the obstructive, their mein seemed absolutely hopeless. (Hear, bur.) He gtthis to Balaklava, and to the authorities in the i te et who he was sorry to say were not removed, but Asa whom a commission was sitting. If indeed the Lord of the Admiralty could show that Mere was • reason for changing the policy of the goverument, that our fleet was not efficient M blockade the ports in the Black Sea, well and good ; but be was at • loss to know how that could be said, when one steamer might have effectually blockaded the Straits of Feertels—which would have been an effective blockade so eseiteg to the law of nations—from which exports to the ascot of two millions had come, and when a Aw steam on West have effectually block aded Odessa and the other and ill the Black S. lf, then. we had a competent force, and Men were sent out to blockade, he thought Ifs ought to know why the blockade was not seeded out. He would now pass to another part of the subject, namely, the blockade of the Baltic. We had had two great fleets, one operating in the Black See, which had not blockaded at all, or done any thing, as far an he knew, except fire a few shots at the forts of Sebastopol, and we had bad another great fleet in the Battle ' which had indeed established an effective blockade but which had been evaded by means of land-carriage. Now, be thought be should be able to show that the blockade In the Baltic had been substantially evaded in a manner which no doubt was not anticipated. The species of land. earrings which had been organised by the Emperor of Rus,is, with the connivance and concurrence of the court of Fluids, had been brought to • degree of perfection which mild scarcely have beta anticipated. Upon it a commis sioner was appointed by the Emperor of &Nils, a the y able man, with • competeat staff, and he made roads,and those roads had been overflowing with Res ell' ummerce. A vast stream of the Russian commedities i ' which 'Queerly came by sea, hem mid tallow, and linseed end flu, bad flowed along tai used flies Mews to the Prussian port of Memel, sad hoe No ml hod ltelfeeitipped.' Thus labour was unionised, ad As war Mee eeeperted in Russia. He need not say that this sense, through Prussia, gave Prussia a good ground hie thian is sweet of neutrality. He multi set lo lam Um ses iron • very able pesighlie ne 1110 odds*, by Ms hon. blend the member Rif 11.111MM1.0110.11 I Si J.TOIING said, Wits nadenstuall the beeensuble and !Mara* eimillemaa properly, be inlindsd making von alight literntiest In the bill, which had direarby weeded the ap proval tithe Wean. Hs wee assompeoll by kW Majoity's to my, C that they meld. TM net offer any we* s = t heiredneden et the am beneze i r= lelined smillenna had rented his ewe with peat .al poet Inahases, eel it IMill be well, nadir ii * eincamaramera, that the measure should be {lei 00 sea sale* by the home. Art to the maser ia whisk the in tended penis= of the bia were to be iatrodlied. ,he-maid give se munellnes &eloquent. He would repeal. that the glielineastwore eanelblie of the moderation and temper with wig* the honourable and loaned gentleman bad be troths* Missals. C. and Jima to be hoped that the house mold ammo a flab's , to the question. • Leave was dna M bring in the bill. HOUSES FO TR O T WORKING CLAM* IN LAND. Mr. DUNLOP meved for leave to bring in • bill in ihei- Mate the motion of dwelling-holies for the weehis elmese in see em Scotland. The him. member urged Pea en fieseemed , andatias lee re workiag clauses in flaidowl WS NM dared esepomff by the increase of population mad the de- Men elf ng-beeali, especially in Rdishiergl, where the beanie of publie buildings had ems* much a defi ling of dwellings that families were bred to herd to pew in inealmeat apses, and in cellars with all their seemnpanililille of misery, lid vice. Mere individual bonevelenn am net oneleient to supply the want, and the Object of bit bill was to induce capitalists to invest in the erection of suitable dwelling-houses with a reasonable respect of a return. The first obstacle was the unlimited liability of all parties engaged in associations for building dwelling.housee ; and he proposed by the bill to give a limited liability to such parties under the authority of the sheriffs of the different counties, who were to approve of the sanitary regulations adopted, and to see that the requital mind was subscribed. He also proposed to remove another obelisk, by_ substituting for the present expensive oravey. mos of l an d, where dwelling-houses were tots erected, the =l, is ;he *los of the sheriff • plea of the bonn et such dwelling marked with • particular amber. A register book wee to be kept in the office of the sheriff, and the transfer could be executed by an entry in the book of the number of the plan, which would eat about be. or 10e. instead of 71. or U. There was seme difficulty in getting rates lac such dwellings, and oleo in converting bad houses into good MOS. In Glasgow there were Inge blocks of houses in the *emus parts of the town which had no known owners, and were inhabited by shams amen, and were dens of potion= and diem, ; bat no me could acquire property in them, or bald ea sad imprine them Weans coo title was to be lifted. He premed lap We bill that any *soapiest moselaties Si lindling amil bageoving dwelling-homes should, by sew met el tbileeel melanin, apply to the Court of ilession, and ea a attain gm Wing paid into court, and retained is use the heirs to the property should appear, that a pestle. unitary title amid be given to the purchaser frli of any future claim. Those were the principal provisions of the bill, to which ha hoped there would be,no opposition. Mr. ELLIOT raid that, as • Scotch member, be could not (main anything more calculated to tales the moral' character of the p.ople of Scotland, than the hon. member'. proposal ; and its benefit would be felt not only in the great towns, bat extended over the whole country. Mr. KIKNAIRD thanked the hon. member for having introduced this measure, and cordially agreed with him, that a men benevolent society, with some legislative provi sion would be found ineffectual to correct the evil in • great city; with the assistance of such a measure as this, it might be done. Mr. WILKINSON expressed • hope that the mann timid be extended to ingland at mew beam period. Mr. CARDWELL salt ke en* not emenin any subject , of greater interest than this, and be should be exceedingly happy to lie. bill betreolit in apes it ; so far as his depart -1 mist wen ateeereal, the sentiment would render any 1 lid they Mad he make it • perfect measure ; but there Wore sone dillkaltire in dealing ail the subject. Leave was then given to bring in the bill. PUBLIC CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS. ILA 3. 0. PHILLIMORE moved for leave to Wei In hi bill for the appointment of public prosecute's. He would not occupy any time now in stating its details, Si be understood it was not the intention of gonamont to oppose the first reading of it. It was most important that every Mop in • minimal peasedlig should he an Mime by paths autheelty, wed es the law now elesd, all that ha portant part dale preetedlep, whisk elapsed bee the ale orr eeryw :hat the aim h re ad be Oenemitlld Mtil SW psi. Wei* We a seperiar_jelgo te take his trial. was lelelk espeevided for. Igen - wiles the ease =the }demur war eloped before lb. meglelestre, sad tie ameleatiewe and depositions wows Womb& beam ajZlte eller, everylbbre wee left to ebratee. 'he sews, W tbe aseiesi - pereeester, bat the alasetalsee was that we ma le psilemaa.le a dot mewl abs. were le be boat arose el*, sat be/dewed mad prelliplo al maddad. and over whist the most inameast =4 nisite to prevent lissraat and cruel abuses , we gave to these mes ae unlimited power of pardon and connivance; and we ealrasted them with an mithoeity whisk in every 'matey bat Ragland was Mid with as meek anxiety as the honk* of thea liforelf. Ia may geese it depended es the trate's sleeks to pessesete ; and there was evidence to show that the, aenintimis recommended committals, be eline they beit abase interest in the lees they would gala Z t im r sea seinnealions. He would not now enter into any the meld is which he proposed to remedy those eritsi la br i wtosa lb measure was brought forward he should be to any can who would suggest any leaprmainent. This matter involved no party inter. et, but that in which we were all intimated, the pure administration ot.justice. Ho had eadeavound, by one clause, to provide against an evil which every one who attended the courts of intim mast have witnessed with regret. He proposed that prisoners elmuld have the power of calling witnesses (except wit- Mimes te character) at the public expense, provided the Mo i r a Id es. sanity that eselo witnesses were necessary for Ia hie opinion, the administration of jostles mitt to provide ad slaty Si the liaviction of the guilty, but for the defense of the imlient. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said it was very far from W latsolikse tre eau the slightest opposition to the Law deetion of tide bill ; but whoa the hon. asd Torrid easeaber istredesed a bill upon the subject lad smoke, that bill append is ablest every lawyer in the home to be an almost leepeless Ill; u is. credo sped's= Of Ws , ler tioa he never saw. At the ems tim e he guile *yea that the subject was very ins sad if imp blew mall he devised whereby a gesesseete odd be =:=lwith a ee_d le the ........, =nit ef the diMenft white =UN be gesselmeed with solar, as west of peeresegge o he was reedy to *dealt that the appoiatmese el a pebble ter was most desirable. He bed awgoded ide le the ben. sod loused ber. they bed mit te esses sap whom the be imem .. es/ isessei member sol d be Ma the il sagged arsdriag better thee tide. It was a meb of the greatest dlibeity. The whole el our =idles iiiMlNWime of Oaks was gadgety eiblbet his the enigmas el a_ ?abbe prosecutor, ▪ abome beliesiebet eith it ;it midi be entirely new and braise lathe ppm* wit= ; he agreed that it 141 it psseibly be eeesum but it was a master of great diS edgy. Hardai bees Goatees to see whether any Mime cask be deebed, he (the Attorney General) applied to the very kielbed authority, the Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's BOW* who had, upon more than one °cur else, dedieed himself in f of appointing • public preaseeter. And what was the answer of that learned Chief Justice? that be himself, during the time he was Attorney-General, bad again and again directed his attention to the subject, and that although he was met aoxioas to devise some scheme, be could not hit open any that would be satisfactory. lie (Biz A. Coekbura's) own opinion wee, that the present moment was not yet ripe for legislation on the subject. What was to be done, for lo stases, with the magistrates' clerks ? Were they to be in trodieed into the proposed new system, or were they to be deprived altogether of any share in the conduct of prosecutions? He agreed that it would be mush better if they were limited to the functions of magistrates' clerks, and not allowed to take any part in prosecutions ; but then, on the other hand, we should deprive them of considerable emoluments, and then would some the question of compensation. He therefore thought the first step would be to see what was the part the Registries' clerks took in permeations, and to see whether the amount of expense that would be in curred in providing compensation to them would not make it desirable rather to introduce them into the new system proposed than to get rid of them. He had moved for cer tain returns on the subject, which were not yet produced. If a body of meats appointed expressly for the conduct of criminal prosecutions were introduced, as the learned (oedema proposed, an immense expenditure would at once be mated ; and tee system could not be made diciest without • great number dutch agents. It was set merely is the tendon of the case in court, but the great advaistage antieipated would be in the previews prepa red= el the ease, so se to make it fit for a jury ; and if agents were employed to collect evidence, and get up the Cabal, mho staff et them would be needed as would entail a very great espouse upon the country. Then, what should we de with the patronage this created ? Should all that patronage go to the goverment? If it were to be given to the judges, there were many objections to that, for then its exercise would be under no parliamentary responsibility, and it might become, like other patronage administered ia the same way, a matter of nepotism and favouritism ; and he thought it would also teed to create subserviency and a want of independence in the bar. If, on the other hand, it were given to the government, there were serious objections also to that, wbieb, be thought, we were nut yet prepared to deal with. At the seine time, if his hon. and learned freed could see the way to devise • scheme that would be sate 'factory be the bone and to the country, he (the Attorney. Genial) &NM be glad to see it introduced, and, if it were • sit= lithe adoption, to give it such assietanes as he imuLL -- Ala NM remarks front Mr. Ewan, Mr. Napier, Mr. FiVii, shad other siemben, leave was given to bring in tits " One of the customhouses on the frontier has tau* as of Basilian prods+, lath this country. If that were done, he mush as 1,000 thalen a day for import duties, and as many was satisfied that we should soon see ea sad put to the war. as 600 eart-loads of hemp and flax have frequently arrived We were the principal, and, he might even say, saintan per day at Memel. Throughout the summer the town has tially, the only customers of Russia. Its produce could not presented an extraordinary spectacle. Berry warehouse, be developed without advances of Eoglish capital. Stop coachhouse, stable, and outhouse has been literally crammed that capital, sad the productive powers of Russia would be, with merchandise; the streets and apse spaces ban been very much lessened add diminished. If he were told that it piled with it, while upwards of 100 ships have been kept would be impossible to carry oat the measures belted mom lying in the harbour, unable to discharge their cargoes, on mended, then he would revert to his original position ; account of ell the landing-places being occupied. Landlords either abandon the blockade altogether, or adopt some have realised rents, taverns and shopkeepers hays obtained means—he left the government tee choice of those moans prices comparable to those which resulted from the rush of —to render it an effectual one. (Cheers) He believed emigration to Melbourne.' It is estimated that the extra Cost that an announcement of that kind made by the govern on Russian prOUUOIt belonging teem British merchant, for its men—and he really hoped to hear such an announcement transport by the Russian peasantry to Memel, is so less than made that night—would have a serious and immediate 2,600,0001. This ie exclusive of the goads serried t• Arch- effect upon the resources of Russia. He believed that angel fur shipment, and the loss from damage and derma- tbe value of the rouble would immediately fall, as it had den to them on the road, where insurance is impossible." dons • few days ago, when an order in Conseil Then he went on to my that while this trade was going on was issued which was understood to prohibit hemp, but the combined fleet of England and France wen watching which, it turned out, only prohibited contraband—so most the seaboard to destroy. the commerce of Ruses. He said, tive was the value of Russian money. (Hear, hear.) A and said truly, that the blockade bed been evaded, and that large amount of English capital, amounting probably to it was humiliating to shut the front door and allow the side millions, was waiting in London to know whether it should door to be opened, and to pay the expense of opening the go to thelicaperor of Russia, to enable him to send reinforce side door. But his hon. friend came to an entirely opposite manta to the seat of war, or whether it should go to India conclusion to that welch he (Mr. Collier) came to. His and other parts of the world, to develop: the resources of hon. friend said, have no blockade at all. That was con- our own colonies, and to open up for us new markets. sistent ; it was a view 'thick any gentleman might logi- (Cheep) He (Mr. Collier) believed that such an announce (sally adopt; but to say we should have a blockade, that i meet as that to which he had alluded coming that night that blockade should not be effectual, and that we should I from the government would have a very serious effect upon not take measures tomake it effectual seemed to him a pro , the war with respect to the next campaign ; and be thought position utterly untenable He could only say, if his hon. that their operations ought to have a special reference to friend was right in his conclusion, he would be justified, the next campaign. Tie effect of our troops did not depend and, in fact, it would be his duty, to oppose the navy upon their own number so much as upon the numben of thorn estimates. It we were to have no blockade half with whom they had to contend. At present we were, so to of our present fleet would be enough for our protection, and speak, playing a game of chess, right hand against left, for we enough to meet the fleet of Russia. His (Mr. Collier's) were sending out troops to the East, and at the same time contention was that we should have no blockade if we could sending gold to the Emperor of Russia, with which to not have an efficient blockade. If they could not stop this equip forces to withstand them. We were in a position transit through Prussia, let them have their goods straight gsseod the Emperor of Russia, resembling that of a greet from Croustade. He was one of ;those who contended, not trading *company competing with a small one. Our trade that they should mass to blockade but that they should with Russia formed a very small portion of our whole corn make the blockade effectual. He did not desire to dictate merge; but the trade of Russia with us was almost its all. to her Majesty's government the precise course which they The Emperor of Russia had more men than we—and if he should adopt. That wee a matter of policy which was in lost two men for our one he would win. If, on the other their bands, but he would state the notions which he hand, we lost two sovereigns for his one, he would be had been led to form on the subject. In the reduced to bankruptcy. (Cheers.) So long as her Ma first place it seemed to him that Prussia had enbetantially jesty's Weight's were disposed to carry on the war been guilty of a breach of neutrality. Prussia had not thoroughly and in earnest, they would forma strong govern merely made a profit individually, bus this trade had been, went, and they would meet with the hearty, unanimous, in a great measure ' organised between the governments of and enthusiastic support of the country. But if they went Russia sac Prussia. A convention had beta entered into, on as the former government had done, proposing hall and Prussia had derived a great - measures and waiting to be goaded into activity by the mere.. This transit trade from Bono to Memel was en- press and by public opinion, the sooner they fell the better. tirely • new trade, which had been organised for the ex- (Cheers.) He (Mr. Collier) was inclined to give them every press purpose of eluding our blockade. Now it had been support in his power, and he trusted that their explanation held by publicists; in fact there was • rule called the rule would be satisfactory to the house and to the country. of 1768 to this effect, that a neutral might be (Load cheers.) allowed to carry on an accustomed trade hut not a new Mr. MITCHELL seconded the motion. trade to the Wary of • belligerent. Lord Stowell said Mr. CARDWELL said that the motion which had been "The general use is that the neutral hu • right to carry brought for ward with so moth ability was a motion for on, in time of war, his accustomed trade, to the papers which, of nurse. there was no indisposition to lay on utmost extent to which that accustomed trade is the table of the house. Probably, however, the house would capable. In different circumstances he holds by his title." consider that uceh a question which had been argued with Here was • trade carried on to the injury of ourselves sad so much acuteness, andiwhich had attracted so much interest, to the detriment of our trade. Now, he ventured to think it was right illative should make • more general statement that that conduct on the part of Prussia afforded a than would be consistent with a mere reference to the grouse of nmonstramse on ',oar past. At all events, if motion. When, unfortunately, at the expiration of • peace Prussiajoned the Western Powers, as he had every reason of nearly forty years, this country found itself again involved to hope she might, he trusted that one stipulation made by in a European conflict, it became necessary, of course, to our government would be, that she should seal her treatises consider what ought to be the commercial policy of this to Russian produce. The frontier of Austria was in kgreat country, and to regard the circumstances of the particular measure closed. Close the frontier of Prussia, close the ease with reference to the enemy against whom we were to Baltic, and close the Black fees, and, he believed, the be opposed, with reference to the allies with whom we were result would be that the commerce of Russia would be so about to take the field, and with reference also to those far crippled, that the Emperor of Russia would not for any neutral powers whose good feeling we weld not help length of time be able to carry on the war. They bad a being desirous to carry with us. (Hoar, hear.) right to search foreign ships, and they hada right to put a Now the enemy with whom we were about to stop to this commerce. But, further, there was a measure contend was peculiarly circumstanced, inasmuch as his which undoubtedly they had a right to adopt, namely, they ports were situated upon land-locked seas, and he was had a right to prohibit the importation of Russian produce thus particularly exposed to the consequences of blockade. into this country. To that the objections were twofold. The allies with whom we were about to unite had differed In the first place, it might be said the prohibition would with us in former years as to the laws of maritime policy not be effective; and in the next place, that we should which were to prevail during war, and the neutral powers injure ourselves. Now, in reference to the first point, the would naturally sympathise with us, as we adopted a prohibition of these articles from Russia, the way to policy least, prejudical to their interests. Under these air effect that would be not to allow any such articles cumstances the declaration of war was accompanied by a to be imported oaten a certificate should be given from the declaration of policy on the part of her Majesty, not wan consul abroad, from the port trom which it came, that they tag any of those rights of blockade, for which Great Bri efer* not the produce of Ramis ; and then should be an tato had contended in former wan, but suspending Forting oath to that effect. He would also require as oath to be of them during the continuance of the present conflict from taken by the importing merchant to the same effect. It motives of policy arising from the facts to which he had re might be said there would be perjury, end that this would hued, and which it would not be necessary to pursue farther. not be effective • but the house must beer in mind the cha- It naturally followed as a consequence that the order in ?actor of our Rtinsian trade. It was carried on almost en- council of the 15th April, to which reference had been made tirely by • few houses of the largest capital. Without in terms of disapprobation, should be paned, for if it had a large capitol it was almost impossible to carry not been passed, the effect would have been to allow trade on a large Russian trade, because it was car- to be carried on for the beeefit of Russia and of neutral tied on entirely by advances. Now, the English powers, to the exclusion only of British subjects. However merchants in Russia, before Sir Hamilton Seymour left St. desirous the government might be to carry on with vigour Petersburg, present ed to him a resolution they had come to, and to bring to • conclusion the war in which the nanny that if the trade were prohibited they would have nothing was engaged, however willing—reason being shown—to whatever to do with it, and they cams to • similar mole- agree with the hon. member for Plymouth (Mr. Collier) that lion in London. In consequence of that the rouble fell it would be well to lose two sovereigns for one in such a from 48 to 32. Subsequently, when it was known that the cause, the government did not think it right to adopt a resolution was not to be acted on, it rose again. These course the certain consequence of which would be to merchants—and, he was happy to say, one of them would inflict injury upon British subjects, while it was scarcely second his motes—would, ho believed, in a body renounce potable that limpid do harm to the enemy. Such did not the teed.. They told them that they could supply them appear to the government to be • course of action likely ' with similar articles from other parts of the world, that new to bring the war to • speedy and prosperous termination. waken might be opened, and the springs of commerce, The hon. and learned member said that we bad adopted a like natural springs once opened, did not clue again. coarse which was totally and entirely ineffectual, and that Any month might bring a general peace or a geoeral war, our openness bad signally felled that the 'evens from sad in either event all this outlay would be rendered en- Russia were greater than ever. nugatory. Or, again, before the new capital could Mr. COLLIER—From some of tke ports. be brought to bear, arrangements would have been made to Mr. CARDWELL would quote the statistic. of the whole procure the articles from other pane of the world, and that trade, which led to a totally different conclusion. His hon. would also render it in a great degree nugatory. (Hear, friend said that the blockade had bean totally ineffectual, hear.) Bat it was further said that we should injure our- and with that conclusion he (Mr. Cardwell) respectfully selves. He (Mr. Collier) would freely admit tbat that would Joined issue. He should be enabled to show that so far ; be the case. Did any man think that we could enter upon from the blockade having proved ineffectual, it had been this great war without inflicting a serious injury upon our. quite the contrary, considering the circumstances under I selves, and without making a great sacrifice ? (Cheer.) which it had been conducted. What were those decent- Were we to go quietly on with our business, bring in our stances ? It bad been truly said that the trade • reform bills, and emulate our internal affairs ; and when we with Russia was peculiar, because, in times of peace, had a little time and rumples capital up our hands, employ it was carried on by means of advances of English capital it In crumpling up the Emperor of Russia ? (Hear, hear.) made in the preceding year. It was so, and the natural It we were not prepared to make sacrifices we ought corollary of such a state of things was that at the outbreak I to have cogineand the war ; and if that was the spirit in of • war you should leave your seeing' the opportunity of ; which we were disposed to carry it on, the best thing the bringing their purchases from the hostile port, else you is , government could do would beta make pesos on any terms. flitted more injury on your friend than on your enemy. (Hear, hear.) Should It be said that we were (Hear, hear.) It was for these reasons that time had been ready to sacrifice the lives of our best and bravest given in the Baltic and in the White Sea, and, although be in defence of the liberties of Europe, but that there did not hesitate to admit that the blockade in the Black was one calamity which we could not look upon with any Su had not been enforced in a satisfactory manner, still he ' semblance of equanimity, which we could not face without had some reasons which would in part account for the delay. terror which drove us into very agonies of despair—that At the commencement of • blockade, which wu to be carried calamity being • rise in the price of tallow ? (Cheers and on in oonjuaction with an ally, communications were se ' laughter.) Was it to be said that we were ready to grapple pessary between the parties as to the manner in which it with the Emperor of Russia, and to take every measure was to biecarried on, and the vessels by means of which it for; that purpose, except a measure that would make us was to be effected. He believed that in this way some time pay something mere for our candles ? (Hear, hear.) If was lost in the coulee of last summer before the blockade ' that was our spirit, well might we be termed a "nation of was established, and at a later period every noel of the shopkeeper"—well might it be said of us that we were res. fleet was employed in the conveyance of the greet expo& pectable people, who had better stick to our business, and not tion which set sail in the month of September. It wales, meddle with foreign wan. The boa. member for Manchester time was given in the Baltic Sea, and wore lime cheered him ; and no doubt that boo. member was perfectly given In the White See, in consequence of the consistent in his views • but what he (Mr. Collier) would greater difference of latitude, and also for un wanted for was this - -either make peace, or conduct the avoidable reasons the blockade wudelayed lathe Black Sea; war with vigour sedated. But, after all, we should not be and such being the state ot the case, it could net be expected brought into ray state of great distress by the loss of this that a comparison of '64 with previous years would show Russian produce. We had Lrge stocks on hand. (Derisive such a falling off in the Russian trade as the advocates of cheers.) Well, all that he eould say was, that he (Mr. vigorous measures might expect. But let tenet be imagined Collier) had nothing to do with it. (Cheers and counter that be was making this preamble an excuse for nuatisfac cheers.) We had large stocks, and when these stocks were tory results, for he bad tables to show, which he thought exhausted there were other markets from which we could would satisfy the hon. member for Bridport. That hon. obtain fresh supplies. Oa this point he would quote a high member had stated that ear imput ts ,from Russia had not authority—the Eamoinsei newspaper. In, the Economist exceeded two-thirds of the imports of former years and of the let of April (a derisive " hear"), the. editor spoke had coupled that statement with en argument resp e cti ng with infinite contempt of persons whom he called " dealers the prices paid for them, which had surprised him in grease," and went on to point out how that, in the event as Doming from so great an economist as his hoe. of the Russian supplies failing us, substitutes might easily friend, but that was not the point to which he intended to be found. He stated th at the import of Russian tallow refer. Now what had been the result of the blockade ? was stationary, and that our growing wants were sup- First of all, whatever mercantile nary Runde possessed plied by palm sad cocoanut oil. He showed that tallow, had been entirely annihilated as far as trade was concerned, hemp, and corn might be procured from other parts while our ships bad roamed free on every see, and no con of the world, and he concluded with this sentence : signor would have consented to pay an additional premium "We may expect, therefore, from the impediment which for insurance against the attempts of Russia. With regard war will lay is our way of getting tallow, hemp and corn to manufactures also, Russia took great pains to be a maes tros' the uncivilised space the Czar governs, that latitude :g country, and protected her manufactures by large art and industry will know how to obtain ,from import duties. He had reason to believe that her =me ths whole of the rest of the world a greater factaren had suffered materially, by reason of our being abundance than hitherto of useful articles than able to pit on Russia,' by means of the blockade, that very pressure which was now sought to be put on Great Britain— stationasy or retrograding Russia can possibly supply." On this point he (Mr. Collier) would also read an ex- namely, the preventing her from getting the raw material nest from a recant circular of Messrs., Noble:—" In the for her manufactures. (Hear.) He did not intend to early part of the present year, when it was expected trouble the bones with figures at any length, but he held in the supply of hemp from Russia would be stopped, we his hand tables wbieb would show the state of Russian im. called the attention of several of our friends to the hemp ports and exports in 1854, as compared with those of the from India, and they have forwarded us samples of superior previous year. Taking the three articles of flax, hemp, and qualities, well adapted for all the purposes of Russian hemp, tallow, to which particular attention had been called, he but it would take some time before any large quantity found that Russia sent to this country in 1863, 1,287.000 could be obtained, properly prepared for the purpose, and cwts. of flu. In 1864, she sent by sea, in consequence arrangements were made for to preparing the crop that of the blockade, very little, but in order to make would have mime in next year; but, after it was discovered the *comparison a fair one, he should add the that the supply fpm Russia would be regular through Prussian increase to make up for the Russian decrease, Prussia, there was no inducement strong enough to urge and then they would see how far the overland Prussian them to carry out these arrangements and they have, trade made up for the Russian decrease. In 1854, the Prue therefore, fallen to the ground; and, instead of our getting slam increase was 426 000 cuts , making the apparently net the large supply we expected, there will be very little more decrease of Russia 678,000 emu., or 52 per cent. on the then the usual supply from those _places. If, however, it whole trade of &mai& With regard to hemp, the demise were certain that the trade with Russia would be stopped tion was 63 poi cent., and tallow 62 per cent. Now he con ier one year only, it would give such an impetus to the sidered that these figuresehowed the blockade to have pro (rowan of fibres In the colonies that we might for the dined • very great effect in so short a space of time. (Hear, future leave them entirely to themselves, and we should be hear.) Then the export of raw cotton from this country to sure, in the year 1866, and after that, to receive such quan- Rasa& had fallen to the extent of 64 per cent. His hon. tides and quality that would nuke us perfectly friend had said that there were many Nunes from which independent of Russian hemp, as the producers any vacancies created in the supplies of this country would be able to send it (after they were once might easily be supplied, and had said that it was quite fairly started) at prices that would compete with Rue- futile to suppose treat any new manufactories would be set sin hemp when at the lowest price, and it would also be of up. Surely he had not travelled so much in the 'great advantage in doing away with the prejudice now ex- manufacturing districts without noticing the n isting on the part of consumers about trying a new article." pidity with which, when corn and raw material He (Ur. Collier) was glad to hear from the right hon. bare. and labour were cheap, new factories sprung up in net (Sir J. Graham) that arrangements had been made for those districts. He hoped, however, that neither in procuring hemp from Italy. tie need not tell the Irish war nor pean people would be led, through a sense of false members that more flax could be grown in that ' country • security, to trifle with trade ; for let them recollect that coma and it might also be obtained from other parts of the world. petition would spring up ruder unwise laws which might Tallow might be brought from Australia, and palm and not afterwards tie easily got rid of. He could show, from cocoanut oil from the coast of ; Africa; for the principal tables in his hand, that our imports from other countries manufacturers in London were already discontinuing the bad increased quite proportionably to the decrease from MPS of tallow in favour of thine two oils. (Hear, hear.) Int Russia. Then with regard to prices, it was notorious that the a word, there was no one article of Russian produce which tendency of the war had been to raise prices in London, we could not obtain from other parts of the world, and but at the same time to depute them in St. P eters burg. chiefly from our own colonise.; and when once those new ! He saw by an extract from the circular of Messrs. Cattley markets wen opened, the markets of Russia would be per- that in 1864, as compared with '63, the price of tallow, manently superseded. Either, then, let the government hemp, and linseed had decreased in St. Petersburg in a remonstrate with Prussia, or 'aerobe their undoubted right ratio disproportionate to the lemmas in London, seeing of marching neutrals, or let them prohibit the importation that they had to compete with neutral redacts in the lat. ter plus. The circular further suited that the cost of - Hags overland had very much ob s t ruc t e d trade, mid left very little encouragement to continue it. • The charge fee nei? th l Win e v r bee oit yrig t: gw a talu n d 2los i w u l se al' ntovdenrh:tlilmi nepegttf"7:swKteohreenyoofhtet4adnMfheotuDl:milooelanttdbasigilie of for weeks, beeing been lest lying in the woods, while the peasants carried other goods, for which they got high s , fares. Sometimes they were further d e t a i ne d b y the ice oa ths Niemen. Already, the circular stated, the rum expend e d in carriage exceeded a million sterling. (Hear) His e n friend said two and a half millions ; but the greater colt . imposed is the conveyance of goods to a neutral markse, the more the pressure which the blockade was eoceslonlw to Russia. In conclusion, Messrs. Cattley aaid, et are said to be low, but a change from war to peace wosid soon alter the market." Such were the results of a blockade which his hon. friends maintained had been ineffective. Then they had the argument based oo the price of the rouble and the state of the exchanges, but then it must be manifest that any argument drawn from the state of the exchanges was in reality drawn from commerce, as th e state of the exchanges was the barometer by which &lime. niary transactions were regulated. It was always hassede m to argue from the state of the exchanges, because there were so many disturbing matters connected with them. It was better to rely on other indication. but the state of the exchanges, if spre a d over a sufficient period, would lead us to the same result. Rig hon. friend said that the war had not dep reeerd the pri ce e l the rouble ; but what were the facts ? la time of peace the ; exchanges were in favour of Russia, but mince the war there I was no single indication of the determination of bullion to that country, but, on the contrary, they had throughout the whole time indicated its exportation. His hon. friend said that the price of the rouble had fallen to 321, on the deck ration of the blockade, but had eubuquently risen almost to par. But his hon. friend should consider that at 32d. the export of bullion paid a prone of ten per cent. (Hear, hear.) It was obvious, then, that the blockade had already produced considerable effect on the trade of Russia. It had annihilated its mete untile navy for commercial purpose*, oppressed its mane factures by hindering the import of the raw material; the price of its produce bad been diminished, and it had Mu put to a much greater expense in bringing a muck intake quantity of its produce to market. (Hear, hear.) Andhra he must notice a fallacy in the argument of hie hon. friend. It was true that on the first declaration of blockade the la. creased expense of overland transport must fall cm the British merchant, because, having made advances, he mast have his goods as best he might ; but afterwards all contriges must be made on a new footing, and contracts would be made on the terms at which the goods could be obtained in an open market. That being the cue, the next thing Its house would expect him te consider was, was it in the power of the government, by further measures, to Milk* still greater injury on Russia, and whether such amine would most injure Russia or England. It must be fart that when a trade was interfered with both par ties must be injured ; but as the blockade operat e d; upon neutrals as well as upon England, the maximum of pressure would be inflicted upon Ruuia, end the minimum upon ourselves. Customs regulations to this country would have the opposite effect, putting the maximum upon Reeked and the minimum on Russia. That was the ream why government hesitated to apply commercial restrictions at home. Let him ask the house to pursue this ease (nether, and take a particular instance—that of flax. Hon. mem bers talked lightly of the effect of stepping the supply Of flax ; but let them remember that the annual value of the linen made in this kingdom was greater than the whole export trade of Russia. (Hear, hear.) And let hint ask what would be the comparative pressure when one country supplied the raw material and another manu factured it. Stop it in the country of its growth, and what pressure did you put on the agricultural produce ? Yon drove him from his best customer to his second best, and be sold but half the quantity. But stop him here, andyea made his second best customer his best, and injured pots own trade. The hon. member for Dundee could tel the house what a mere trifle decided the market between the Scotch and Irish knees and their German competitors. Re believed theta mere fraction in price was sufficient to drive all the orders to Germany. (Hear, hear.) The Me member said that there were already too may flex mills, and that the trade was overdoes; and the remedy he would apply would be te make the raw material much dearer than at present. The additional price would go to those very perms with whom the English manufacturer wu competing, and by a double operation they would have made the raw material dear to their own manufacturer and cheap to his rival, and all this by way of inflicting an injury on a person who cold his raw material just the same, though at a rather lout price than before. (Hear, hear.) He would real to than what might, perhaps, be a novelty, a chapter el history towards the close of the late war. These doctrines were nut invented by his hon. friend the member for Plymouth and the member for Bei& port. They were held more than 40 years ago by high ave thorities ; they were held at that time by the Chancellor ef the Exchequer and by the gentleman who filled the office which be (Mr. Cardwell) now bad the hoaour to hold. In the year 1811 the Chancellor of to Exchequer brought in a bill for levying duty upon the cotton of the United States et America; and, as if in whimsical parallel with the &ele ments which had been made use of that night, when thetas* Lord Ashburton objected to this bill, on the ground of the injury it would do to England, the Chancellor of the Ex chequer said that, "as to the supply of cotton," be (Er. Omeiwen) wan quoting from the Afinll9l Register—" he did not fear but that our own colonies and the East India, would yield every sufficient supply in case we got none from America." (Laughter.) Mr. Rose said he believed thus could be any deficiency in the supply of cottee, ms the East Indies would yield a supply to any extent. How were they Berea from that deplorable calamity By the • wisdom of that house. The first Sir Robert Peel, Colonel Stanley, member for Lancashire, and the late Lord Ashburton, did not think that for the supply of cotton for the manufactures of Lan ' cubits it was desirable that they should go to the East Indies ; the House of Commons agreed with them, and differed from the government of the day, and the calamity was ceasequently averted. (Hear, hear.) Now, the cotton trade was a very great trade in comparison with the flax trade ; and during the interval which bad elapsed, the cot- Inn trade had been very greatly increased. But let him entreat the house to consider what would have been the result if the doctrine which he had reed bad prevailed? (Hear, hear.) Did they think it had been no advantage to Manchester that Liverpool had been the cheapest merest for cotton in the world ? (Hear, hear.) Did they think that if in 1811, by certificates of origin, or by some pro& bition, they had succeeded in making Hamburg, or semi • other continental town, the great emporium for cotton, that wonderful development of trade which they had had in the last 40 years would have taken place, and that they would now have possessed those immense sources of wealth. • of domestic happineu, and of national power which they derived from their great manufacturing prosperity ? (Hesr,, hear.) And let them not confine their view to questions d trade. To his great astonishment, he had heard Ireland pressed into the caw (Hear, hear.) As if what was asked would be for the benefit of Ireland, those docrines which they used to hear some time ago about putting on prehibie lions in order to encourage domestic manufactures had I re-appeared that night in connexion with Ireland, and the • north of Ireland had been quoted as a reason for adopting such restrictions. Let him appeal from his hon. friend to the Royal coeiety, who had devoted themselves with se much advantage to the improvement of the flax cultivation in Ireland. In their last report they said, " When war was declared by her Majesty's government against the Emperor of Russia, it was et once apparent that the interruption of our commercial relations with that empire might seriously affect the supply of the raw material of the British and Irish linen manufacture, as well as of the seed which bad hitherto been obtained from Riga for sowing in Ireland. When it is remembered that of an I average of 80,000 tons of flu from all countries, nearly 60,000 are brought from Russia alone, and that of the yearly import of flax seed for sowing in Ireland,from two-thirds to three-fourths come from Riga, it will hence be seen that the cessation or diminution of the supply of these articles, as a consenuence of the wee, might be productive of serious inconvenience to the linen manufacturer, of the United Kingdom and to the flax growers of Ireland." He had said that the linen trade of this country was nearly equal to the whole external come mere of Russia. But they were to prohibit all articles from coming into this country by Custom-house regula tions. Now let the house observe what that was. It was no pert of the ordinary regulations of war. He had . not said a syllable in favour of the relaxation of those regulations —he was arguing against imposing restrictions, the effect of which would be to operate entirely upon themselves, and the iocidence of which on the enemy would, as he had shown, be minute or insufficient. But, supposing it to have been de termined that the imposing of restrictions would be benefi cial, how 'Gould they have set about it ? Weie they to rem sort, of all things in the world, to certificates of origin? (Hear.) He thought they had heard the last of them, seeing that universal experience had proved them to be ineffica cious. What wee the state of things at the close of the last war ? They had thrown their own trade out of employ ment, and their manufacturing districts were In a state of confusion. What was the testimony of ,liistory ? He would give it them from an unexceptionable source, from an historian whoa . natural inclinations would probably not have indispoaed h im to re unction. Mr. Alison, in speaking of the fruitleuness of Napoleon Buonsparte's attempt, in the plenitude of his power, to accomplish that which was now considered so easy that the government were culpable for not having reduced it to practice—Mr. Alison said, " To such a height was this practice curled by the French Emperor. that it opened up new channels of commerce to British industry on the conti nent quite equal to that which had been destroyed; and the suffering which was experienced in England during the continuance of the continental system was al most entireoy owing, not to the Berlin decree, but to the loss of the great North American market, which the Orders in Council imposed." But how could they have undertaken to accomplish this object? Let him ask, first, whether they would have uecided to act alone, or whether they would hays thought it necessary to consult France? (Hear, hear.) France was their ally ; she, like them, was dependent on this source for flax seed. Were they, then, prepared to take such a step without the concurrence of France ? or did they think it would tend to cement the good understanding which existed, or to render the alliance popular in this country, if a benefit were secured to their ally by her saga city, of which they thought proper to deprive them selves? (Hear, hear.) It might be said that the object would have been secured by means of certificates of origin ; thet was to say, Prussia, being a great THE TRADE WITH RUSSIA. MX. COLLIER thew row, in pursuance of the notice he had gives, to call t►e attention of tae house to the state of oar trade with Russia, and to more for a return of the Ens idea exports from the port of Archangel to this 001Intr7 during the present yeas. He said he had put the motion in the shape of merely moving for a return, because as the= was a new 'cannon= it might be premature to pledge the house to a resolution. He thought some explanation was due from government, both of the past and of their Judea =as as to tke future. Should those aitplanntiens be sale