The Express. — London, England, 1855-08-08 00:00:00

A 9 deepen 1862-3. Tbe right boo. gestlearso this geo• seeded to read lb. fsltowieg amount.: INDIAN PINANCIL —I 852-53. 1. goes! : ttSt AS get Memos . AMOCO Ural Mann —2,087,361 Leal earplug —6.121,9411 Noell Wooten Produced : Ravenna SAMNA Local amp's 1,1141,030 LAW surplus 4,976,779 Mum, Ctserr or Wand . 114 Numb- Natters Prone,. . SANAA. Net Reeenus of dttre Charge* a ditto Surplus seditabl• torperesi Nese se leas .. It. Mores: tt,rs,l7l 9.007,4,:r7 1,787.721 -- 2.'17,584 -- 2.184071 . .... avaitaleo toe emeral var. pared India 111. eseloy : - 2.811,343 - 2.961028 Owen Teta 1101611011 of the 1111 , 11/111 - Tete▪ l Clump& of dine Taal lionise d ditto la twine* ea Can Debt Mantes d. &eyed to enema I, wee. on ludas Mew care - 20.331.279 - 10,373 341 - 5.183,719 - 2,01071 - 1,1197,4311 - 1,70,150 Su;les dIO-* sone owl Ili[- - 424,U7 COMP:ULM% OF W 1 VT2 FOX 11.51.14. Wllll ACTUAL YESULT OF 11111.4 i. ItSVIIIUZ. Eavesse. berme. Daresse. -- 1. Ordlsary : X 2 2 teal rev ~...• lIN9 CIIIIIMMO 4131 t 'Maw (abolkhad, ISO) Paii••••• . wimp _ 1447af 44141 _ __ _ _ NJ 111 1;171 18,933 10W63,7t8 lierlaraa4llBl9p —..— 14,437 J• 414181 Use mil 9888. 14.370 anoxia of Soma 8881Irmars —... 9,141 81499889 el Owe .... 464 Noma id Poperb .... ....„ 881.1' 3 2101111111411 hie. 98L— .... ...—....... 116.739 .4418 al pumile 10, 4 14 10000 r us wows .. . lalso .. lON 311949184994481 i Mee Sri* s ?/Maul states lidlklaiatercd by Rogistrar.Cieseral Prom& al nor's f late Goma el the Pulki.ll USN Gals by liiihaages KASS dootoooe of nooses tosoorte of eopeuditoro Dliroiwoam of 143445, au:aspired eft ILS3J-S3 1r26.44254W401 276,215 %WM 1;tillIML DOSIIOM - -•--- I. Ps/meats is kleallsatios of •. flue Ctianne WcollWilen. &a. Allowances oat or reseneetty treaty Slakire fend-1 anj as ... Allman.* to 'Wage ogee. Nam. 4 4 4sa.sis 24,63, 768 --w- Chatoesol eaectice—WOrm, Chores of edit:dos—Pt go Parsentt to eLOsaato op Iteg4tror 9e,rost _ . 19,662 206,098 103,733 7,091 49,027 39,40 96..024 913,946 DOAN ;972 5,117 412,20 3,739 36,006 31,917 CDs vs in India : not avid lollies" Jodi lel sod polies Lshim wot km, bui.elPiv, *5. Military Illative, Indian navy. ke. . . Chariton of itraitaaamirments Mint ILtsrest oa d.bt 3. Charon in ft&ed Dividends ua Yaw India &wok Intenst on base debt . Steam oommoonstkat with lOU Ditto fur ea+eadrn ootowunkwtio• to Trampart of tuarie sod Mom Furlosah and retired military pay Ditto menu* all to Her Hale* t cope la India A/tyre pervious lita, at Yeti trOopa Chirrptee—reneral (temm 33,000 31.693 62,416 3 693 46,603 _. „. ~. . *twat, &e.) .. . At-enlee allowance* to et . & servants Annuities ut Madras Clan larviess Fund. Retiring pay—St. Reims atabliab- Tatatubbaeot to as ea Lipson of tnalowadoa el demists ♦rma to bsv Majootro wows go* to India bootee of owns . TOW_ ...... MtimmmammoWWn. 1,480 1498,630 Note— Eseere of Income over expenditure, 102.55 Lae..., of eirmdltere over Income, SOO a. Ind , 5t.,0,1,77e He was aware that the diadem was somewhat large, but it chiefly arose from a coas with respect to which the peo ple of this country could not find fault, xis , the large , amount expeaded upon public works. He did sot think that the Hotness' Commons sired complain of this expendi ture, Inc no st.hject bad been more frequently and pertina ciously pressed than the necessity for the undertaking of those works. His tight hon. friend (Sir C. Wood) in briag hag this .a t feet before the house lest year, had, while he lamented the deficiency which then appeared, frailly coo lewd that be had at little hope of us being made good. He (11e. V. Smith) wished to deal with the committee as snowy se his right boo. friend, and be would therefore advert brit ify to some of the items seriatim. The first sub- Jam (.r consideration was the question of land us. New, it would be impoesible to increase the amount raised from that sore, of revenue by increasing the tea that wee admitted on all hands; hut it was hoped that by following the eon t ery sy steen,e. s., by lowering the rate,* larr r grose retina might be obtained. This was not a sonde notion of his owe. A report had been made by Mr. C.._ field on the subject, , who,after ear. fully examining and maturely c. nsidering the , facts, stated that by dgersealog the rate much land at pre- , sent ourccupted would be brought 10 , 0 cultivation, mad the gross revenue from th a head increased. By this issues twofold object would be gained—the 'slid cf the tszpayers and the increase of revenue. The seat item was the , duty on opium. In this a large decree., was experienced, but that might be expected, as the consumption of that article was a nun matter of fashion, and DA such liable to great fluctuation. It might be hoped that when the present troubles ta China were at an tad the revenue from this source would rise to its old level With regard to the next item, the raven.. from salt, under that head a slight in. cress* was exhibited. He might mentkin to the commttee that as endeavour had been made to plate the collection of this branch of revenue upon a better footing, hut some little (faculty had been found in the matter. Under the Mad of caroms there was a slight, but sot very mate rial decrease. He should have preferred—had the condition of Indian revenue permitted—to have made the eaperiment of dispensing with these duties, and going upon the system of free trade Bat it was impoodhl• to do so without the aid of some protesting tax to fill the elks which had been east upon the lamas as in Ragland, end is the present position of Indutia enema it was difficultto find such protecting a iurce of ue. These were the most noticeable sources of Isdias revenue, mid although the ez penditure bed largely increased he did not think that there was any reason for despair. The system at present prevail. fag Is India was leading to a groat estansion of her mamma, end that must predate as effect sus the revenue also. Railroads were beteg exteeded, reads made and improved ; is the Veil., of the N.rbudda end la the Himalaya main taias iron -as found. All of these chutes opened a more cheerful future. With regard to the sources of expenditure in India, the first of these was the army. He did not think that the reduction of that army woutd be the set of a statesmen. (Hear, bur) It was something to say that there were in India 820.000 sren from whom this country might derive supplies—issue of used at home—to carry on the emstest in which this summery was at pressed engaged. It was ennuthing to my that there were these men who were ready to go to a service fee which they bad sot entered the army. and °Moue who were ready to lead them. The nest item of expenditure was for judicial expense'; this war largely increased. This, however, area' from the recommendation of the select eon. aline* of that bum, end no reduction of expenditure meld he reputed epos that head. With regard to the radar/how of the interest upon the loan, it appeared to him that se ether course could have been adopted than that which bad been followed by his right bon. friend that preceded him in office. There was one it• ea. however, upon which he thought suss saving might be effected, sad upon which be thought much consideretioa ought to be gives. It was with relent.* to the balances retained in India. He was aware that some authtvitiee, Lord Bilenbc;;;lt ales g7t others, held that a balance of at least ten million' ought to he retained in band. Mr. Grant, however, bad reported that, I. his opisioo, the baleen of sight millions at present kept up night be advantageously and profitably reduced. This, however, was a subj ec t which meld not be dealt with without Emelt sure tad atteation. While thus in natter, of Sauna their prospect was net se pleasant as could be wished, le reloteed te say that is political matters it might, without ezeggnaties, Ise termed briniest. Throughout eer Aslant empire the greatest trasq•Ullty prevailed. Nor was Mere &ay fear that this would be disturbed, as Ma noble irked Use new Governor-Gnarl would avoid mg CZ:. With rennet to Caboul, he had the pleasure of as the beam that a treaty had been entelsded *Mob the Govereet-Gssinl laferned bin was likely to Ind to non important results. Pres Nepaul they had rewind the nest setisfeeten Mentlialle ; but with regard to PM* the position was. as a yet, sae et The difficulty was Qat, although we had ablediplosaatiste Viet country, the diplomatist. of limas made nob exag gerated Madan that *ha tie E is u s b assa b e d as abases with them, while tn. _ Imp the proashissot the Russians Wperformeam of them which w tittle's. However, no diffloulti that power s except, perhaps, lawless 'oats' tribes on its ft iavasioa by that route was qu reports showing but the star elan 'government to withdr• eapeditioa, fact that only had always bad with lef Indio. lie bed also to monk bad brat aide in t!e that his right hem Itii ad Mir. With regard ta public wuris the reports Present' 4 a most gretifyieg eaumerstion—canals its the Punj iuh, on itlatr*willfisly, the Godavery; letorovements in at-am navies. des, lead the completion of the electtis telegrapa. Ile eristag egad from-jam report eta knowing list of first-elate 'Porky actually in ',Tore a: "Tbe main lime and the stab. aidiary works of the Great Ganges Canal; the great im provement sad partial remaking of one of the old Jumna Canals; the Great Bares 1) .nab Canal in the Punjab; the Great Peshawar Road in the Punjab; a vital& te 'totem of secondary road, in the ; the Great Branch Goad from the Trunk Raid through Gysh to Patna; the new Demarrodah eattiatiketeets; e user navigation CADS' from the Salt Wager Lake to the H a.gbly ; the Chittagong and Arnhem Reed; the Great Rued acru a the moitetn:ns io • straight lies from Prone to the ma coast; the Godavery Lenient irrigation system; the Crirea Annicut said Itrioption system; the improvement oi interval water enm• mainieetion sad harbours on the Madras coast; many (sent_ roads in Bombay ; two complete ordemii of roads in , one en either side of the Indus; and the weagletion of the electric trkgreph in India and Peon." The electric telegraph was now v.moleted throughout Ingle mainly thronigh the es•Ttion of Dr. O'Shaughne.sv, and now enteeded 3,600 nailer, at an expense of 30i. a mile. A pro posal was also ander conriderati m for t Reeling electric owe gruniesion between India and Europe. That was a pretty Moog bill for pulite works. Then as to redrraye, it appeared that t. e Eat Indian Railway was sanetioued as far as D..1h1, 990 miles, and emstracted for as fir as Allah*. bad, 690 miles, and was to be completed by the end of the year 164; it was opened an far as Eaneegunae, 6G miles from the Calcutta and Delhi Ilse, near Bard wan, and distant from Csleatte 125 miler the works un the line from Calcutta to Rajmabal, on the Guars, were in • very forward state as tar as tbn Mare river, a distance of 60 miles f ons the Raneepange and Burd wan junction; the rate of interem g teed by the But India Company upon 4,000,0001. of capital, is 6 per cent. The great India Penin'uia Railway (North Rivera Retention) was eang dosed to Senerpcur, en the Tnull Ghat road ; it was opened to Callian, 23 mile* from Bombay ; and contracted for and reedy for opening as far as Wasiedree, abut 12 miler beyond Collies. The South Eastern Est , naion, which was to diverge from Callan, was sanctioned to Poem-11,85 whit ; and con.racted for ti Cempoolte, at the foot of the Bbore Obit; the rate of Interest guaranteed was 6 pet emit. on 1.000,0001. of capital. No part of tha Madras Railway was yet opened, but the line from Madras, which was to diverge to the north-west to Bellany, in the direction cf Bombay, was Purveyed and pertly set oat; the line from Madras to the south twist war set out iu its whole event to Brypcor on the western or Malabar coat; it was claret to ascertain the precise state of the works, as they were in course of cunatruction by the railway engineers themselves, bat Major Pears eaperted that the line to the western coast would be open for traffic by the close of the present year. The first part of the w. fg+ on the sine towards Bombay were also in a forward crate. The rate of jeerer g end *as 41 tier cent. on 600.00*, b per cent. or. 600.0004 more, and 4! per cent. on 1,000.0001. 1 The &Jude Railway was stool .ned from the harbour of Kurrachee to the ludo., at or near to Jurruck, a distaste os 110 miles; the company was at oresent engaged in collect ing capital, and prosecuting the necessary surveys ; the rate of interest guaranteed was 5 per ea nt. on 600 0001 The Biroda and Central India Railway was sanctioned from Surat to Baroda, and thence to Ahmedabad • distance of 153 miles ; the company was also at present engaged in col- Icctiog capital and completing tni ir ys, previously t the commencement of the work.. ; the rate of interest gua ranteed was 5 percent. on 500,0001." With respect to the law a coomiision had been issued by his right hon. friend, Iset it had not as yet furnished in reprt, however, in one district a resident judge had been appointed instead of tie former migratory renew , nary. A very remarkable decu saint had been laid on the table respecting the use of tor tare in India. (Hear.) It was impos.ible to deny that in the Madre presidency personal pain and bodily punishment l had been inflicted not only for crime, but to aid in the col lection of rents. (Hear) He could not c /active anything more abhorrent to the notions of an Englishman than such a system, and the only palietory fact connected with the transaction was, that no European had ever actually in /anted the torture, it being en wily done by the native officials. (Hear, bear.) This did nut, however, acquit the Euro,m ' on euperintendent. who shnild not have either tolerated or permitted such a practice. There could be no wt. send opinion but that inch a practice must be utterly and entirely abolished. (Hear, bear.) H. turned now to a more pleasing subject, namely, the recent public examina tions under the act of 1653. (Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Smith) had taken the greatest care to Ohtani a competent board of examiners, and had preen' at the bead of it 84 James Stephen, along with whom it comprised the examiners from Oxford and Cambridge, end one from Brlfsst. The num her of candidates was 113, of which Cambridge sent 32, Ox. ford, 19; London University, 6; Trinity (Dahlia), 16; and ✓ime other', making in all 113. The examination took place at Queen's Culler, and tt e question. were such as lir (Mr. Smith) should he sorry to answer. lie woe happy to say that of the successful candidates, ()ecru semi{ ; Cam. bridge, 6; London University, 2 one of them the best answerer is modern languages; Cork, 2; G Away, 1 ; Edinburgh, 1 ; and the highest answerer had 2,254 marks. This esarnivition h.d no doubt been most cr. ditohle to ail parties concerned ; but he should have wished that a Moo MCI examinaiim had been added, to the readier-sof the essfibiates. (Hear, hear) He did not hope that this new Mrwould product better men than they had known in ; but still he could not help thinking it a floe sight to Of • this? young men @Onion rn life witho.d arty support but their own talents and their own strength, and he bide this'll pad speed with all his heart. With !aspect to rte education of the natives, be was happy to a y that the system commenced last year by 1... right honourable friend was being ctrried out with complete success. He need not, be believed, say say more about the navigati a or prosperity of India, except that the Oodavery was being improved ; but he thought that when the impediments were removed the further im provements should be lett to private companies. He bad sow gone through the various statements respecting the Batmen and poliles of India, and bad only to allude to the petition presentee bj the lea member fur Safford respect ing a double government. There might be some apparent, absurdities in the present system, but Lis belief was that on the whole it worked well l•th f. r India and the mother country. He had always derived the greatest assit.l Lance from the Court of Directors; and many acts connected with India were so important as to make advisers of such skill and experience of the high. at value. What a task, for Instance, would it have been for any man to choose a sorer aor-general on his single responsibility—sn °Meer 'Mitsui %hilly entrusted with absolute dominion over a vast empire. He believed that his noble friend, Lord Cooping, would exert that power, not in the direction of increasing the area of our doesisioce, but in cossolidatieg our territory and de veloping our material resource,. His noble Mend would have an incentive to usefulness in the name he bore, and would, like his illustrious father, recollect that, although about to wield an almost despotic power, hie name was associated in the country he I. ft with ratinnsl liberty, with the principles of free government, and the institutions of a fore people. (Cheers) The right hon, gentleman concluded by moving the adoption of the report. Mr. BRIGHT roes, and in &lengthy speech moved the fol lowing resolution—" That. in the opinion of this Mow with a view to brie, the state of the finances of India aeee clearly before parliament, it is desirable that the axed of Control for the Affairs of India should consider the practi °ability of making up the I accounts of the revenues of India on the 30th day of October instead of on the 30th day of April, and of laying before parliament, during the mesa of March in *sob year, a complete statement of the Iseelpta and expenditure of the Indian treasury during the presiding, with an estimate of the anticipated receipts and expenditure for the current, per. That this house is fur ther of opinion, that, in order to aff red a fair opportur ity for a coasideratios ot the statement on Indian Finance, now sanually submitted to the house by the President of the Board of Control, it Is desirable Ma., in future, that statement should be made at such a period of the session as shall permit of its receiving the attention which its importance Monads.' The dismission, which subsequently related almost en daily to the question of torture as ea element of the Indian system - of finance, was somewhat warmly continued by Sir J. W. None, Mr. J. 0. PHILLIMOII. Mr. OTWAT, Mr. HINLIT, Sr C. WOOD, Mr. WHITIOIDZ, Mr. H. MAN etas, sad Mr. D. Burnous. The reeeisracisi prepaid by Mr V. SMITH were then nosed to. The reedetiese proposed by Mr. BRIGHT 111010 4110 agreed to, sad the hoses reamed. TITHE RENT CHARGES. On the motion of Mr. Cowes'', a return wee ordered of total 'esti:barges speed or awarded to be paid in lieu of tithes, end confirmed by the tithe ehnunissionera ; distie guishing between those assigned to clerical appr priet nn and their leans, parochial incumbents, lay impropriwors, and schools and college,. CHARITABLE TRUSTS BILL. The house then went into committee on this bill. A number of Glasses were struck oat, in pursuance of the arrangement shindy made, and the biU pseud through committee. The remaining *whin of the day were then disposed of, and the louse adjourned at a quarter put 2. NEw ACT or WEST INDIES RELIES' LOANS Among lb. acts jest pissed is ass to authorise the comets donors of the Tramway to maks arrangements cosetnting certain loans advanced by way of relief to the bloods of Antigua, Nevis, sad Moatierrat. The time of repayment of the loans lo the Islands mentioned on account of earth quakes, to., may be unleaded, and the Interest, which wee per cent., Mead to 31. 6a per cent. Corresponding ad vantages ere lobe sieved to private hotelmen. In ow of default of payment at the times flied ander this sat, the rata of interest end Ow bestalasente origiaelly agreed spa may be requited. 11,211 43,437 MU 3,151 1,163 13,51 0 1 5,401 THE EXPRESS. WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 8, 1855. LONDffic VEDYggDAI ON Monday Lord lons RUSSELL announced that he would next day " make some observations in re ference to the present state of Italy, and the (impe -1 lion of the Papal States by foreign troops." 'Yester day Lord lons kept his word by expatiating at gre►t length on the Vienna Conferences, the we , in Aria, the war in the Baltic, the war in the Crimea. Italy was almost forgotten ; but luckily it °slurred, to Lord JOHN, just before bitting down, that to omit entirely the subject be had undertaken to lecture upon might look rather absurd, and in consequence a few words about Italy were added by way of post script to his magma et verbosa epistola. Lord Joss's remarks were listened to wit► that chilling listlessness with which everything that falls from that ghost of a suicide statesman is now re sited. Lord PALMERSTON, out of sheer politeness to an ex-colleague, endeavoured to say a few woe* that might Dave the appearance of admitting than was something worthy of attention in what Lord JOHN had said. Mr. WILKINSON conclusions& Is protest against the doctrines of the Hon. Member ter London. Aud here the matter would have rested, but that Mr. HENLEY, unkindly, though truly, blurted out that "he could not see why or wherefore this discussion was brought forward at the present time." The whole House nodded assent to Mr. HENLEY, acd the business of the day proceeded without any further• notica being taken of Lord Joss or his speech. It is impossible to read Lord Joules oration with out charitably wishing that some kind friend or relative would turn the key upon him, in order that our POLONIUS may "play the fool nowhere but in his owe house." He dwelt with emphasis on the slow progress the Allies are making in the Crimea, on the no-results from the presence of our magaificent fleet In the Baltic, and on the disgraceful check which the Allied arms have experienced in A-ia. But instead of pointing out that this state of aff tiro is owing to no inherent strength of Russia, but to the dilatory and planless manner in which the war is waged by the Allies, Lord JOHN inferred from it that Russia is an overmatch fur France and England, with Turkey and Sardinia to boot. He complacently assumed—as if it were the most agreeable intelligence in the world— that the strength and resources of France and Eug• land are exhausted, while those of Russia are only, for the first time, being brought into full play. He counted up our war expenditure for the year,' insinuated that it was greater than any year's expen diture of the Peninsular war, and followed this up by an exaggerated statement of the troops which the CZAR is marching southward to reinforce his armica in the Crimea. On the strength of these assumptions, Lord JOHN urged upon Ministers the necessity of con• eluding peace as soon as they can and upon any terms. Redid not call in question the justice and expediency of the war; he did not attempt to cosealthat wecannot back out of it without the loss of every rug of repu tation ; but he asserted or implied that Fiance and England have undertaken a task beyond their powers, and that they have nothing for it but humbly to sue to the CZAR to grant them peace. To reconcile his auditors to these pusillanimous coun sels Lord JOHN affirmed that the Turkish Ambassa dor at Vienna had concurred entirely in his views of the terms upon which peace might be concluded, and' bad evinced the utmost indifference to the further prosecution of the war. This, par parenthesis, may show that Turkey was as ill-represented at Vienna as England; but it does not prove that the Ottoman Government are satisfied at the prospect of being thrown overboard in the way Lord JouN recom mends. With singular inconsistency Lord JOHN, after his long and laboured attempt to per meate the House of Commons that there Is to safety for England except in im mediately concluding peace on any terms, fired op when he was accused of doing so by Mr. WILKINSON, sad protested that though he was in favour of ac cepting Count BuoL's proposals when he returned from Vienna, he is not so now. In the course of his speech, Lord J. RUSSELL expressed a wish that Lord PALMERSTON would publish the despatch in which he stated his reasons for thinking that Count Bunes proposal should be closed with. It is devoutly to 'be desired that the Paulin would take him at his word. To many these cowardly, base, inconsequential arguments of Lord JOHN appear no more than the mere inaunderings of dotage. This is a mistake—they are the utterance of a low, short-sighted, run ning. Lord JOHN broke with his own party when he abruptly retired from the ABERDEEN Cabinet; he lost his last hold on the independent Liberals by his conduct at Vienna ; and he is now assiduously spin ning the spider-web threads that he flatters himself are to connect him with a new party. His yester day's speech is a programme issued for the approba tion of the "nefarious combination." It is an indi rect appeal to the Aberdeenites, Peace-at-any-price men, and Disrselites who voted in the minority on the Turkish loan. It is meant quietly to say to them—" Gentlemen, these are my views ; entertaining them, shall Ido for your leader r It will not do: England could tolerate a Government so com posed and so led. Mr. Lima's speech, in which he laid down the law that the policy of England should be dictated by a coterie of Mammoth stock and share jobbers collected from all the countries of Europe, inspired such unmitigated disgust, that his associates did not dare to continue the debate. They interrupted it, attempting to make a diversion by a personal attack upon Sir WILLIAM MOLESWORTH. Mr. COBDEN returned to the question of Sir WIL LIAM'S speech at Leeds, which be did not venture to grapple with at the time the Right Hon. Baronet convicted him of gross misrepresentation, and en deavoured to better his miserable case by alleged quotations from confidential conversations, which will make any man shy of unreserved friendly dis course with Mr. COBDEN in future. Sir JAMES GRA HAM argued that there wss no "nefarious combina tion," on the ground that, though there was a pre vious concert between his and the Peace-at-any-price faction, they ware oot °Wain, when Mr. RICARDO made his motion on the Turkish loan, how the Disraelites would vote. As if there were no such things as extem pore combinations. The drift of the " nefarious oom- bination" is palpably to seize the rein of power in order that they may sacrifice the homer end interests of England, and the interests of Europe, at the shrine of a sordid conspiracy of speculators in the turn isp of the share and stock markets ; and the mani festo promulgated yesterday by Lord loin, Russzu. is an appeal to these worthies to receive him as a collage% bouti ;the c .--- ituvocal ter - rrt terms that it might bs expedient to incorporate Tut.. can; and the States of the Church into the Sardinian_ • arm In throvring out this suggestion, Lyra Jowls was doing the work of Austria as subserviently as when he returned in breathless haste to London to urge upon the Cabinet the acceptance of Count BooL's peace proposals. Sardinia, on account of the constitutional policy of its government, is at present an eyesore and perpetual source of apprehension to Austria. But were the Sardinian Government to stoop to hold Tuscany and the States of the Church by the gracious consent of Austria, not by the cell of the people, it would be degraded into au accomplice and dependent of the allied Despotism , . Lord JOHN RUSSELL recommends that Sardinia may be put in possession of Central Italy, in order that King BoHBA may no longer be disturbed by the neighbourhood of French troops, and that the appre hensions of Austria about its Veneto-Lombard posses sions may be set at rest. Most earnestly do we pray that the soil of Italy may speedily be cleared of all alien soldiers, of what. ever nation. But we are not such ninnies as to wish for the removal of the French from Rome in o•der that Austria may be left the preponde rant and unchecked military power in the Peninsula. For centuries has the fair soil of Italy been nothing more than a battle-field for . the rival ambitions of France and Germany; it is time that this should cease, and that Italy should be left to the Italians. But the admission of Italy into the brotherhood of European nations must be the work of the Italians themselves, not the elusory and deceptive boon of foreign despots. In spite of the chronic brigandage and low childish superstition that impoverish end depress Italy, the educated class in that country are second to none in intelligence and moral worth. They are quite capable of governing themselves; and one or the moat cheering glimpses of • better future, that break through the dull enervating mists that at present rest upon European politics, is the prospect of an opportunity that may ere long be afforded the Italians of emancipating themselves. But no such opportunity can ever pre sent itself if a disgraceful peace is patched up that ' will leave—among other enormities—the Austrian Emperor lord paramount of Italy. With regard to the war itself, there are none who more heartily ' despise mere military glory than ourselves, 0- s o more cherish peace when combined with solicit:el and social liberty and freedom of thought and speech. But ' when these inestimable blessings are threatened, we ' do believe that it is honourable for a nation to display courage, self-sacrifios, endurance, and warlike skill in asserting them. And therefore do we, in common with the great English people, repudiate the des ' tardly counsels of the " befarions combination" of railway jobbers and Oxford Jesuits, even though they should chance to meet on what BURKE called " the low, dull Bedford level." It is a weary business to write a history of failures and omissions. It is so much more pleasant to praise than to blame. A man who has spent the day in noticing instances of virtue rather than thoali of folly—who looks, as the phrase goes, at the bright side of human nature—sits down to dinner with e much better appetite, and is altogether a mach mor. genial and agreeable person than your &outfaced melancholy cynic, who interprets every action, and construes every motive, so as to paint bis fellow creatures in the most odious colours; and yet, with the beet possible intentions, we cannot always be scattering praise all round. Even against our will we are compelled to be severe. Thero are some men of whom we would rather cut off our right hand than say a word of ill. IQ many respects they are so good, so amiable, so clever, so worthy of all commendation, that it seems like an act of foul ingra titude to asperse them in the slightest degree. It is in .ome such spirit es this that we are about to offer a few observations on the amount of business accom plished since last November by the House of Com m/MIL Now, we are free to confess that, in theory at all events, we are proud of that institution. It dates from the very earliest epochs of modern history. It is associated with the most eminent men whom this country has known. It has fought the battles of English freedom against the haughtiest and most despotic Monarch of a haughty and despotic race. It has done much, in later times, to carry out the great principles of civil and religious liberty. It hes accomplished many social reforms, and saved us, on more occasions than one, from the worst excuses of a revolution. The votes of a few English gentlemen have frequently effected changes which, in other countries, were the work of armed men. Of such an institution Englishmen may well be proud. But what hes it done for us during the last nine months? What child has it brought to the birth? What public good has it conferred? What, io short, of the simplest and most obvious kind, has it accomplished? We blush to write it, but the chief business of the House of Commons has of late time been talk. We have had abundance of debate, die cusaion, and conversation. There has been little enough of oratory—of that kind, at least, which our fathers listened to in the days of Fox, and PITT, and CAttratto—but of bluster, of angry denunc i at i on, of war of words, we have bad more than enough. Ouly at the very close of the session has this once renowned House addressed itself to bona fide work. We need not go very far for a proof of the charges we are bringing against the assembly of the English Commons. The latest instance is the withdrawal of the Bill for the improvement of the University of Cambridge. We will not be too severe in our cen aurae upon this act of omission. Many things have been left undone of much more vital °consequence. But our complaint is, that here wee a measure of national interest, which need not have occupied more than a very few sittings of the House of Commons, but is now postponed until another session. Last year a great deal of time was spent in the discussion of a Bill for the Reform of the University of Oxford. Every clause was well weighed; there was scarcely a sentence in the whole Bill which did not elicit some remark from the small body of en thusiastic statesmen who took part in debate. extend ing over several mouths. There was no time last year to touch upon the subject of Reform at Cam bridge, but it was faithfully promised, or at least folly understood, that the thing should be done at an early period of this session. Let us see how this promise has been kept. In the first place, a Bill for the Reform of the University of Cambridge was intro duced, of a kind to excite universal and deserved dissatisfaction among the persons most interested io the matter—the resident graduates of the University. It was discovered that, in one very important re• spent, the Bill was less liberal, less adapted to the emergencies of the ems, than that which was peened Jut year in the wee of Oxford. Cambridge was absolutely asking for reform. All Government kid former errors, sod so they had the folly to tell the world _that Cambridp., was - able to use, 'with:owlabusing, the advantagi a of a thoroughly free eonstftetion than Oxford. This proceeding was of course very much to be blamed. But it was of the less importance, as the Bill had not yet passed the House of Commons. On that more popular assembly the eyes of all Cambridge graduates were fas tened with eager hope. If the House of Lords had not been ashamed to reverse a solemn decision—pro nounced a few short months ago—the Commons would surely rise up in defence of the injured gra duates. lf, in the opinion of the Upper House, it was proper that the governing body at (Jam bridge should be elected not by the majority of the graauates, but by the persons who had done all that in them lay to obstruct the course of University Reform—there was still a Lower House of Parliament, from whom justice might be got. These hopes have been sadly disappointed. Brsught down to the House of Commons at the fag end of the session, just when everybody is leaving London, and the weary British senator is preparing t) pay a visit to his constituent, or to shoot grouse in the Highlands, it has shared the fate of the hapless innocents, who are sacrificed, year by year, to the t etkative propensities of our legislators. And yet this Bill was well worth a little attention. It cinnot be a question of pure indifference whether that ancient and wealthy school of learning shall be suffered to go to wreck and ruin. We do not, of course, mean to say that, even in its present condition, Cambridge does not confer great advantages upon the community. But the system under wh ch it is managed was framed in times as different as can be conceived from the times in which we live. They were days in which dissent was held by churchmen us a deadly sin—and the Church was then in the plenitude of her pride and supremacy. They were days in which no bishop in the land would have ventured to propose the introduc tion of anything like a popular element into the government of the University. And the system—constituted in such times—ia still, to a great extent, in existence. All that we ask is that this state of things should be abolished. We ark that Cambridge should be allowed the privilege of free government, that every graduate should enjoy the right of suffrage, and the whole institution ,be converted into a literary republic. Whether the day is gone by when the two great Universities are to exercise an important influence is a different ques tion. But, at all events, let us give them a chance. It would never do for Parliament to br interfering every year in the internal affairs of the University ; but surely time might have been found to reverse the decision of the House of Lords, and, once for all, to rid Cambridge of those bonds from which Oxford has been already delivered. It is ut&lcss now to say any more on the subject. For this year the evil is beyond a remedy. A whole twelvemonth longer the University will continue to pursue its old course, to tread in its well-trodden paths, and all because the gentlemen who are en trusted with the supreme direction of affairs in this country will speed in empty talk the time which should be spent in fruitful action. If we might be allowed so much frc cdom of thought and expression we should say that, in these days of " practical talent," in this nation of shopkeepers, amid this bus tling crowd of men who pass their nights and days in the pursuit of Mammon, to whom every moment is worth so much in gold and silver, the statesman who shall win most confidence and renown will henceforth be the man of few words, and prompt, decided action. FRANCE. (FROM OUR OUR OWN 00R1 PARIS, TUESDAY iTENINO. We must now look to the London papers exclu sively for genuine news from the Crimea. All the lettere from that quarter that arrived in Paris yester day were frightfully mutilated, the Grand Provo3t having in many instances cut out three-fourtha of their contents. Letters from Vienna state that the new camp pre paring at Varna will be composed of five French divisions, and eleven English regiments. It is not yet known what troops the Allies will select for this service. A letter from Varna, of July 20, in the German Journal of Frankfort, says that up to that date no French troops bad arrived in that town, but they were fully expected in the early part of August. The same letter adds that the embarka tion of 5,000 mea tor Anatolia was being pushed forward vigorously. The Assembles Nationale ob• serves that if it be true (and I believe, by the way, it is true) that French troops are to be at Varna this month, it does not thiuk it right to conclude, as several correspondents have done, that the Allied generals are preparing an expedition against B. lola rsbia. On this subject the Military Gazette of Vienna gives as positive a fact from which it infers that the *tussles eert ainly do not believein any such expedit ion. Prince Gortchakoff has, it says, definitively given orders to General Loders to remove his head-quarters from Kischeneff to Odessa, and the staff has already arrived at the latter place. A new circular despatch has lately been sent by the Cabinet of Vienna to all the representatives of Austria at foreign courts, in reference to the federal resolution of July 213. The Constituttonnel accompanies the publication of the letters of the Duke de Levis and M. Chapot with the ciogle observation, that the document against the eontents of which they protest is entirely in the hand writing of General Elio, sod was seized among other papers of his oil June 7. 1855. M. le Comte d'Escars (who, it seems, adopts the spelling ot Des Cara for his ancient name) now adds his protest to those of the Duke of Levis and M. Chapot against the inferences drawn by the Coast& tutionnel from the use made of their names by Gene ral Elio. It is to be observed, however, that he ad ' mita the fact that he did carry a letter from Count de biontemolin to Prince Gortchakoff. I am assured that further seizures of papers have been made at the houses of certain Legitimate, which very seriously implicate some leaders ot the party. At the Bourse the Rente opened with firmness, but with little butanes' doing. The attention of speculators was chiefly directed to the Credit Mobi tier and the railways. The reduction of 1 per cent. on Treasury Bonds, which I informed you some days since had been decided upon, produced no dint upon the market. A similar measure was takes immediately after the subscriptions for the two former loans of 250 millions and 500, and it was universally anticipated that the same course would again be fol lowed. The delay in the apportionment of the loan, at which some surprise has been expressed, is ex plained by the fact that the labour is much than on the former occasions, when all the an= tions above 500 fr. Rente were annulled. Daring the last half hour to-day there was a considerable re action in railways .from the opening prices but still most of the lines closed at an advance. Rouen rose 20fr. ; Northern, 17fr. 50c.; Orleans, sfr.; Western, 10fr. ; Lyons fell 10fr. The Rente, sympathising in the reaction in railways, declined 10c., closing at 67fr. 40c. Bank of Francs rose 40fr. French supplementary sentences devoted by o • the wishes expressed in the e the Shah was so accustomed to 4-4-001 b Russians broken, Om he doubutl IV le X Oh. , ••••. ,,-,46 • ian politica, may appear irr ecun . t ,••er by the large majority of which were mad, by our mermen- dlieulth s • a•.orrhend rom cant • • ; hut, if narrow serntinis4 tubriN - dank's. The University had already t I• • foe •• • perfect keeping he rekat slgHe mach, IP. only, waited to be released from tr. some lit 'nee fr . Is frontier. * of R 7 1c A TO 0 BYO ,•• • . on ' • ha. • Lord JOHN 4 void i to bonds by omilm'eot voice of Parliament. $ quite chimer: eed, h • teemed tor Lip ea shout andanarehicalcondit Naples, was 4atural e • eugp,phat the Lords should do their lir ingot , most be I Moe, 10, •o' I r rw all it. r . m the Ifi f ti l" a 1 ,, ! or the op. • • • under which Venige fj#. to s•uppq i rb•-friireasute so many degrees less coca rd • he(Mr refer an i • • • ba clog. Re adverted etclusivelkilk popular and useful than that which they sanctioned loin the cues at imp ere Tuscany, from which the Austrians have wirmt.!avt year. They were penitent, beyond measure, for the Indian navy to Foch %tent HIGH WATER, AT LONDO IDLE. drawn, and the States of the Church where there are the_ein they had _commitual---Wichtb•-seal-et the Fir.t Lord would next ye.r be Iwo D.T-Morairt. I.lt , elm Itia-tbuaas 1i0•" 44 5 -, two - -- lre4toesowiturratc tts.-iter— troops. And he hinted in no equivocal re-converted heretics they basted to atone for LATEST NE tV S FROM ABROAD OUR ARMY IN THE CRIMEA. (PROP 01.111. OWN CORRESPOWDZNS.) CAMP ABOVE SEBASTOPOL. - Juttr46filty — uktudytt — onTrlST there 1" -- 0 . mise of rain. There was a heavy fire all isigh l i from the bowi e ,. 2131 d about -midnight the enemy made a sortie against the ambuscades and advanced trenches of the French on the Malakhoff bill. The moon had been shining brightly, and about five minutes after it had set and there was general obscurity, the Russians sallied out. The French were on the alert,and must have perceived the enemy advancing, for the first notice in the English attack of the sortie were the French bugles sounding the alarm. They were immciiately followed by the usual sharp cry of the Russians as they rush e d forward to attack, mixed with the sound of their bugles and shouts of officers. A very heavy fire of muiletry followed, and all the batteries opened with terrific effect. The Russian steamers were very active in throwing shells over into the French wcrks. It is said that the new French battery neer Careening Bay did not open her fire against the steamer., reser,. iog it for a simultaneous operation with other "nuke on the left, which is to be carried into effect agai ns t the enemy's fleet in a few days. The flight of shells from our right attack, in the direction of the Malakhoff works, and the ground in their rear, wee unceasing. As many as eight or nine shells from this attack might be counted in the air at one time. Some of the Misch mortars in our new advanced battery were also fired in the direction of the low ground between the Redan and Malakhoff hills, along which it might be presumed troops would ad• vane towards our own works, bat the enemy eihi. bited no intention of making an attack on oar trenches. After a period of fifteen or twenty minutes the musketry ceased. The enemy had not gained any advantage. The French sap, which is now fast approaching the ditch of the Malakhoff, we. not I iujured. Our Allies have also some rifle pits close to the edge of the ditch, the fire from which causes great annoyance to the enemy, and they are so atienpletely under the parapets of the works above, that the larger guns cannot be sufficiently depraved to reach them. The enemy, it is supposed, sought particularly the destruction of these ambuscades, but the alertness of the French prevented them from achieving this object. While the cojeat was going on before the Maly lthoff, there appeared to be an attack farther on the right, near the advanced French works in front of the enemy's lines on the webt side of Careening Bay; but the distance, and the fire on all sides, rendered observation in this direction very imperfect. JULY 26.—The fire from the batteries on both sides was very incessant during the whole nights The Russians not only threw a vast amount of shells into various parts of the works, but kept up a constant discharge of grape and " bouquets " against the advanced trenches. These bouquets consist of a number of small shells or grenades ; they are thrown from a mortar, about tea or twelve at one discharge; they burst closely toge ther, and their fragments are scattered in all direct Lions. A constant fire of this kind is going on against the French works on the Malakhoff Hill, and in ad dition the sharpshooters maintain an unceasing fail _ lade. The lose of our allies, from casualties of all kinds, is said now to be equal in numbers to a regi• ment per month, or nearly one hundred men pee diem. This seems to be a very large number, but the great extent of ground they occupy, and the strength of the force employed in guarding the trenches and in workirg parties, with the closeness to the enemy's lines, will sufficiently explain the apparent impro• bability of the statement. The proportion of our own casualties has greatly increased of late, though this majority have not been providentially of a very grave character. From the great weight of our shells, and the superior power and comparative proximity of our guns, the loss in the ranks of the enemy must also be very great. The cavalry division have been kept under arms all day ; the several regiments being held ready to I • turn out at a moment's notice. It is said that an at• tack was looked for in the direction of the Tchernaya. A deserter from the enemy bed reported that the Russians were making preparations to move against the Ailed force in the plain of Balsklays, and that they had provided themselves with a large number of pontoon bridges for effecting the passage of the Tchernaya river. A body of Sardinian and French light troops were thrown out to make a reconnais sance, but returned without ob.erving any appear• times indicating such an intention on the part of the enemy. They exchanged a few shots with some Russian outposts. A constant bre has been kept up all day in the batteries. JULY 27.—The fire in the batteries was very heavy, and continued incessantly all night. JULY 28.—The fire in the batteries was as heavy and uninterrupted last night as it has been for .eve• ral nights past. The early part of the night was moonlight and clear ; subsequently clouds gathered, and some smart showers of rain followed. (PROM ♦ SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT). CAMP BEFORE BEI3ASTOPOL, JILT 27• Although the bombardment has not yet com menced officially, yet our batteries are far from re mining idle either by night or by day. The report asserts that an order was delivered from head quarters to the effect that no shot from the enemy was to remain unacknowledged, but in every prac ticable position he was to receive, if possible, two for one. We are too near his stronghold for Johnny Rurky to leave us unnoticed, and as soon as the clink of some nulucky pick-sae rings in his ears, a shower of grape or canister, a light ball, and a bouquet of shells, give us notice that we are not sufficiently careful. The French have withstood the brunt of two assaults on their position in front of the Malakhoff. Their advanced trench is now within 100 paces of the counterecarp of that work, and the Ras- sians evidently calculate on their gaining a footing there, as they are at present occupying themselves in throwing up a eavalitr wotk in rear of the former parapet, this may enable them to make a more protracted defence, but it will also cramp their movements, and prevent them replacing their guns and repairing their works, as they could more effectually do were their space less confined. It is a more direct advantage to us, as, in the event of oar taking the outer work, this new parapet will afford us good cover from the fire of the ships, and prevent us from suffering so severely while endeavouring to form inside. Thai who have seen the rear works of the Walla from our shipping outside, - say that the form ie somewhat heart-shaped ; the two semi-circular por• florin are Cooing the besiegers, and the sides are formed "en cremaillere," so as to secure a flank ing fire along the whole front and flanks. TWO entrenchments are drawn within it; but although such sieges as those of Saragossa and Sabin warn as that a town must not necessarily i