The Press. — London, England, 1853-10-15 00:00:00

OCTOBER 15, 1853. The Parbonentu of Turin calettlates that ' kilometres (about 330 English miles) of railwaY will be ePeu to c irculation in Piedmont by next year. This result is the most extraordinary. as the works hare not been in progress wore than three years. The names of the lines are : Turin and Genoa, 105 kil.; Alessandria and Novara, 100 kil.: Turin and Tessane, 05 kil.: Twin and Susa, re: kil. Turin and l'iguerol. 36 kil. ; Mortara and kil. Turin and Novara, 03 kil. The works for the railway of Central Italy are being unshed on with great activity. (heat and unforeseen t hihealtioa have, however, been met with, and three large. an many suuill tunnels are now found to be - . . reuisite. Lines of electric telegraph are now living established between St. Petersburg and Warsaw, and from St. Petersburg to Cronitadt. The latter line sill be very difficult, in c onsequence of the numerous islands and canals which it will hare to cross. SL Petersburg will be made the ventral point of all the telegraph lines of Russia. All the quartets of the capital are also to be united by link.' of wire in the same manner as has been done at Berlin. A specimen of the ducking-stool is still preserved iu the museum at Scarborough. It is said that there are persons still living in the town who remember its services being employed ehen it stood upon the old pier. It is a s ubstantial arm-chair of oak, ill' an lion bar extruding from elbow to elbow, just as the wooden one is placed in a child's chair to prevent the occupant trout falling rward. Et.vi %ItK 111 LE Escyrr: ratom PtosoN.—A convict., named James I escaped in an awe ii i(( 11011111er fOOIU the Sing-Sing prison. He made Ilia way under water !Ivan the prison to • point about a mile distant, whore he went on shore, and could not afterwards be found by the Alcoa of the prison or the authorities. Ile neeemplished this by means of it waterproof pipe, the lower end of which he held in his mouth, while the upper end nay joined to a small bag of air which looked like a duck, and Hooted upon the surface of the water. this means he breathed while he made his way slowly tinder water. After defying svial.lt for some Week*, DUIIII Mettilliti s ta ut the house of a relation. Her Majesty's atagl its commenced the tionsin ou Monday last. The pack will, as usual, hunt the forest country for the first two or three weeks, after which the regular fixturea will be announced. A West Indian paper of the Ist of August contains this unusual announcement :—" The inclemency of the a eather, yesterday, was such as to prevent our compositors from attending at the ottiee, consequently no paper was issued by us. Our readers will, of comet', excuse the omitution under the circumstances." The Etoperer of the French has conferred the order of shevalier of the legion of Iloneur On NI. U. Guilwrt, of !helically, the pivainstiT of the enterprise sif it HOC Of Vi.i. , c1.4 lit`tWVl'll that place snit Paris, of Willett the Sub., now in the Seine. is the Oran , efatrier. The Submarine and European Telegraph Companies have opened an office at Gravesend. Twenty-seven French and foreign arclibiahops and bishops and their cardinals were present on NVednesalay at Amiens at the removal of the relies of St. Theislosia. 'l'll4. French Minister of Finance has authorised M. 'lnland, the spline of the agentede-chauge, to make rut arrangement with the chairman of the stockbrokers of Loudon for the simultaneous publication the sante day, during I 14nirse henna, at Paris and London, of the public funds. These quotations are to he officially placarded. The first stone of a building for ragged schools was laid in Southampbin en Thursday. The edifice will cost be tweet' Is l'll. and 7001., and about ritStf. has been subscribed towards it. lnimense stores of grain are collected in Odessa and the Danubian 'sorts in anticipation of purebasers. thlessa contains 11101* than 1,200,0011 quarters of various kinds of grain, while at tialats and Ibraila the magazines are en tirely tilled; and corn is piled in the open streets, render ing them in some places impassable. The Grand Council of Zurich has authorised the Co. vermnent to subscribe, in the mime of the canton. for I plat shares, value 5410.0110 frames, in the 54,1084:14. t Swiss Hallway, on condition that the municipal council of Zurich should subscribe a similar amount to the same undertaking. TUE KOSSTA AFFAIR. A most . voluminous mass of state papers, relating to the Kossta difficulty between Ausnia and the United States, has arrived by the last American mail. They consist of a " note" from the Austrian Charre d'Af faires in Washington to the American Secretary of State. and an elaborate reply from the President. Chevalier Iltilscinann recapitulates in full detail the most prominent incidents of the affair, and then em bark-t upon a series of arguments to show the pro priety, on the score of international right, of the sur render of liossta to the Austrians, with the further conclusion, that it behoves the United States' Govern ment to disavow the condoet of its agents in Sturyna, to call them to a severe account, and tender to Aus- Uia some satisfaction proportionate to the magnitude of the offence. The reply, which is communicated by Secretary Marcy, thus begins:— " Department of State, Washinttion, Sept. 26. " The President has carefully considered the note of Mr. Hublemann, Charge d'Affaires of Isis Majesty the Emperor 4,1 Austria. of the 29th nit., addressed to this department, and the other documents relative to the mueh•regretttd oecurrences at Smyrna in June and July last, pith a view t.i ascertain the nature of the complaints therein preferred acaiust the Aturricau 4/Diem engaged hi that affair, and THE PRESS. for the purpose of giving such satisfaction as Austria might be entitled to receive in case he should find that these °di cers had nut duly respected her rights. " Though differing very much fi - om the I it'l%,• preheated by Mr. llulsemann ou helutlf of his t ioyeruutrut, the Presi dent still indulges the hope that the t xposition of the p slur cipal reasons on which his own conclusions ar e founded will induce his Majesty's tiovernment to look at the transaction in a different light from 11110 iu %Well it is pri seated by that liovenment. " It is the duty of the undersigned to present these rea sons to Mr. Hulseinatin. and he will fiul in his intention if in perfortuing this duty he does not evince a friendly spith, and avoid, so far as it can be done without itnlutit jug the full strength of the case, the introduction of topies to which either /dr. linlsetutuut or his tioterionctit con take excepthat." The Secretary then enters into a full statement of the facts attending Kossta's original escape and sub sequent return to Europe. defining very minutely the status in which, according to the President's inter pretation of international codes, the political relations of that refugee, both tow anis Austria and the State's, existed at the moment of his seizure at Smyrna. lie proceeds : " These consideration , . have led the unelemigneel, as he believes they will 11,1551 all otitis Who duly reflect on them, tee the confident eollelloli iiii that there t\ll4 uu trittit • S between A neenia and Turkey w hieh could justify or in any way count..• nanecthe seizute or imprisonment of hoseataby the Austrian functionaries. lint. it' Ansuia wally lease such tintlessrity by treaties Is alle mew 01111111,, It 4•41144.4414.411 y c xt4.144144 only to I Anal' hilt slibieeta: It 001111 nest, therefore, be amelosl to Ks sesta, unless hew as such a seileje et at the t ree he was seized. If the, uestioned' his nationality is to lie settle d b y into national law, the only code Nll,ll 61111611 c% the Mies b) which this lineation la to be determined , there is good reason for adjudging him to have lawn, when liliZed at Smyrna. an :Austrian subject. Ittit settle this lineation as Austria would have it settled, ley all a pp e al t o l irr own civil code, the result will be the Nellie." Mr. Marcy then maintains that Kossta lead e, to be an Austrian subject, and therefore I l k ca ptor,. and imprisonment at Smyrna were unwarrantable. At the same time he had become a 511161.0 the United States, whose officer.; and re pr e , c ietative,, were consequently perfectly justified in interfering on liis behalf. Remarking upon the appeal made by Austria to the general opinion of civilised nations, I s lore which tribunal it had impeached the conduct of the States, the Secretary declares his cony ietion " that, after elne consideration of the intuit at Smyrna. those. lumen" which have teen see prompt tee e emseires w ill esinedly prompt to comet any precipitate jessloneent they nun have flamed In regard to it. Ito Moltke+. the belief (lest, after a full and fair examination—not me rely o f a a l e nutted fact, lent a the whole genets of facts—they will lee alemeelantly satistled that the agents of this thevennnent in that transaction have respected intentationell law, and in 110 partielllar transgressed the restrictions it imposes " Before closing this cuunnunuieniism, the Septet ary briefly notices the complaint of Austria against Captain Ingraham for violist ii the negatel soil of the Intonate empire. The right of tee call the rititeel States to an account for the acts of their *gents, affecting the so• vereign territorial rights. of Turley, is nest perceived. mill he does not acknowledge her tight to require any emelt'. nation. " If anything was thole at Smyrna in derogation of the sovereignty of Turkey, the ranted States will give antis factAwy explanation to the Milan when he shall demand it, and it has instructed its minister reaident tee make this known'to hint. lie is the judge, and the only rightftil 'mtge., in this affair, and the injured party toes. lie has investigated its merits, pronoun...el judgmemt. against Ainstrin, and acquitted the hutted Slates; yet. stealete as it is, Anstria leas called the United States to aesseeent for violating the sovereign teratorial rights of the , Emperor of Turkey. " The esenelnaions at which the President has an teed, after a full examination of the tranaaction at Smyrna, and a respeet fill consideration el' the viewse' the Austrian' I lovely• ment thereon, ate presented in year. Ilulteemanine note, are, that lienesta. when 'seized 111141 impr i sone d , was invested with the nationality of the. felted States, and they lead there fore the right, if they chose to exercise it. to 'Anted their protevtion to him : that frotu intonational law—the only law which can be rightfully appealed tee for rules of action in this ease—Auatris could derive no a i u.ty to olestimet or interfere with the United States in the exercise of this right in effecting the liberation of Kussts : steel that 'apt. Ingraham'a interposition fur his release was, lee' the peculiar and extraordinary cirentustances of the vise, right and proper." The Austrian Cabinet has published in an oAlcial paper the understanding with the United States' minister at Vienna under which it has consented to release the refngee. The ship in which Kossta em barks is bound to take hint direct to the United States, touching at no intermediate port. Kossta's American passport forbids hint to leave the ship be- fore it reaches America. With the knowledge and consent of the United States' minister, it has been notified to the refugee that the Austrian Govern ment will proceed against him should he again show himself in the Ottoman territories. Having thus disposed of the personal question, the imperial Go vernment looks with confidence to that of the United States for an acknowledgment of those principles of international law which leave been raised in conse quence of his imprisonment. In pnisnance eel' this understanding, Kossta was delivered over to. the United States' Consul at Smyrna on the Nth ult, 573 Blom 'Markt and (big ))nttlligtnce. FIGV 1V EVENING WI: last week expressed g devilled eotitiet . that, i tho 60‘..vottietit were to raise thii interost on FA eliequer Nils to 'ld. 'ter atom, Ow) . eaull float a premium, and that the tiovennitent and mono terest would he relieved from a position übi..ll, alitle it wag disgrareful to the former, stilijeete.l tho latter tit Kerious loss. We are able to state that the day lifter this obser vation *4.4 matte an intitnatieen Ca m e from the T res . sory that tine interest on Exchequer Wits was tee lee raised to ..!11. per diem, and ever since they have been all el O'OllllllM of 1 to N shithowt. WO observe that the quarter's weirphis, amounting to upwards of itittoittf., is to he A pplied he the ex , tinetion of the national dole!, insvg prolialay 1 , , the reilitetion of the deficiency bills, but the, *„. isre wise sill depend on e ireettnstawiees. We consider that the tiovernment are' now in a good position to deal with the South Solt diNicutiosit for, neesereling to our calcolation, by the month r January next the tioverteseeent still lime sue asl4ol balance of about 51 million., arising from sitrplll4 revenue., meet the sale of •!,;(41,000/. Exclwsittet Stills 0 %41 ri m o n . in .limn' last ; and we have no Ihittbi that when the nixes Arising fl S leet th e . e letli e SA O n helve k s e . SISSIVS. suit hit'll'li`se that may he expected hoist the isn't dele 111‘, 14 , 111e' into operittion, the s a i rpluai re . M 1111•11 114141 11111 N. %%11114'1011 to pay o 8 'thee remaining South Sea aliSsi'lllie . lll% 1% illasoit resorting GA a creation of stock. A meri• its eanitinctetal war, in which England took part, mottle', however, alter this ielenset st prospect ; her let thee tiovernment lit' assurcsl that we c ould 11 1,1 ratrQ oil ii war with the present Bands Charter %el ; for eattli4)l ISIS 11 Will'llll4lllllVo.l4 , lllllleis sel lEllll'4oe lllllly ith a VIS 1111.11111•11 elltlVlst•i. Prop's. must h aw representatiie fist. !loser preipesty, either hit gold o r bank notes; noel if, im the ra4s. of weer, gold leaves SIC t h e hull, or trestle ally other mile', tb s . (tank—Sts the pre...ent law shields— must vont' ne t h e r i 45 1504 1111'"raitrA ; Rod the VlSiess tillPltee %salad las. that the rote elf liseeney wallet rise higher noel Light 5., anti INnesiily the Batik Might Ist' rethtvill to that I ) , tine theist she runlet nest Illeeke 114411111 . iiti he the' Mei. caned.. world at late.. Wu might pessithely In' reduced tee it state. of beireeromeler the ()Elsie g sat' the present nose eilisorel Musk Charter Art. 'I lee \I in'le't during the week lots been eittieseent. !tills leaving a noodle to run 1111te been discounted at 41 tie v per old., but billy of it Stager date leave commanded t 5 per ea'lll. 1111.'11' 4 1; Reid money i.e 11110011lateilly in active demand tier cormot i eial piirposes at 5 per cent. This Will exist until tl e vague apprehensions relative to a crisis in the Au. - tralian trade are set at rest. 'flee settlement of the Coasts! *coined has talon place this week, noel there has not been such a set tlelnent Ice yours, nor such a sent city est' stock. As murk per e,•111. has 10'411 paid for the Isl e an of t'onsols for a itwittli, awl the entreat rote Ilan been 1 per cent. NIIW, tilliiiething very disastrous MUst arise tottus tify suede emermielis sts.citlations for the fall as is. Let 1114 t4Pr hod it wurks. A bustler having Consols lends tlient at, sny I Isseekaarelation—Which is eq al to 111 per cent. for a month ; the Consols pay 3. Is enabled to lend his 111,,iwy a t r,- 40 , w hil e i s operation lasts, lee is sic locally wade, lt 4 per cent. for his stoney. This very day sin s miliegit broker lent 50,000/. Consols at 1 per cent. backwitrelletion, fixing thee. price at lls, lest a sudden settlement of the Eastern guys. lion should cause them to rise tea that Ilsice ; and a very wise pre caution too. etaiseslm have this wee k finetnieted be twine it'll and 1111, and close toelay 'flee exalting's% nighty um hem r, alllieste ld rli slot sntliciently 10 the exporteitisai of go at 4 pn 'I lie Corn Market is heavy. The banks are full of tetuuey, belt great catetioli esertisad in lending it, save for short EttltEleiN The transaetions in the leseei..gi fields lse.. Is, rm limited in extent, nod will continue so wail ilo. question of pence or *sr is decided. it.III.WAYS. The niatket for rAilway shares has, generally speaking, been firm, and the scarcity of stock i 4 ‘ 4.1 1 at. I per rent. less been paid for the loan set London and North-Western Stock, 1 per cent. on Great Western. 1 per cent. on Lancashire and York shire, i on Midland. Most of the shores iu the other fi rs ., or e . s ca rce, and it is evident the public have bsslight noel the speculators oversold theneselve• The Bear account in French shares bus diniiiii.l. 0• 1 46..