The Express. — London, England, 1850-04-24 00:00:00

is NI is s ci I. ri fa 1 . 61 a li • i • r ' is ty rr .t ; • t • to ~c • • • o f thrr own 11,03111, have declated atoms. ~ education. la speaking to a genthataa no one can deny-1 mean 8w James Stevens— . te r„ ot Roden History at the Uaie the ty of Cue. oa.ng what lectern he gave, ssid, that err i'•• - ,•...4 u ps to give we lecture a week, lad cue hour to vas hour mad • hell is ease , * say that that is sufficient instruction vw year, mem to be iastructed is tech a sub it it sumer, ern I to conanee the 'declaim *hide y the pun sem according to the 'yam Vojeh al. ;"* :. .4 v ied with the ancient Collegiate usenet of which has prevailed in the univenitles of this sod etich, for one, I should be very Sony to see Jlllllfillibed — (best, hear)—hut then, I think it . • 4u . Neel, net wishing to introduce anythiag - a'•••e • - ra.versities of Oslord and Cambridge have •• : •,r, ttrodaced by the step which they have taken • !.:1, to time. and the last of which we heard of • two or three hours, not wishing to carry • teat directive farther than th., throneless to go—it is mist imp: neat to coastline that • *ten: toe with coll.?, instruction, which is the • • • ..riblhhad ande of teaching in our univenities ; starle to this, again, is the manner is which, et,. by the wills of the founders in many ia• unit he tak. n from crrtein families, be . , -nit, r, and with **Ur flllfilltiillll of the same ;• :o me, therefore, that it ought to he the ob .' • C Whale them• two educations is such a way that the I the to:legto should be found to be the meu who best iarancted, not only in ela.sice and cr• cr. bet aloe in these various breaches - end that they might to dines the • •ung ma. not solely and exclusively to those et etudes in whaah they have hither:co taught ..! :bey should be able to atria end guide then in • ..r.: nal irate:Hon which, without that gladiator, mach ha in is effect. I owe Met it does sr t, se that there ie say such great difficulty is • t a :Nett, bat it does seem it is as object which : • a:tata.d by th. universities them-elm; that is ' ••1 4 le : the separate colleges and tutivinities , • lot the power, .:apt in rare Ismaili's% ~:cu•red from time to time wh. with great • r Lave bona able to discover that Uri • •hich they ol e fin extra.* in shaving and rta•ters, but at. r have not the ;newer el .te Fes to ephi . ch I have alluded. dtsaLble to mak- three changes, is there any • • son wby they shtiht rot be &tempted? I • : w mot appear to me three is any such uncle. , re. only redsna that could be alleged is, that 'O.• pay such respect to the 'Om of ail the sou eught not I, sattrfere with the wits even d•r-t and ineportan! good. I thick tit tt ;rieteiple enotinwied f•r by nav hon. Weed the member • •-. thaord, bemuse he mar allow r thugs to which he al.eded in his •:: .3 the drtirableneas of which I ultra with ~.agree wish other membere of this !awe, wrich took place at the Reformation wu a • z e .y getting aside the and Im/ratios of the . he purpfte, akin to the purpose for .. • loanchde:nith mire divenity of appicstioa, tLe wanders had directed in various in l• • ee..pl •p.d in a manner jastli d and =don d by •.. estische religion. Me hon. friends yr, and sip; • • - r.a 7, that the chatch of England reformed herself . • use..etin ; bet we know wry will that the stave •e.st dist ta say to the reform of ths church and crest deal to say to the reform of the %Diver. et if any use will lock at the li s t, •.• l.• Ai of hours sad neaten of college% he will .• rer.cie masters were appointed in the mien of VI . and ia the time of Mary other martin were s• craft to the tame of Elizabeth, the firmer were cud, sad a sow head and neuter pat in his place. may cad that "the Church of England re _ but in fact it was a atreag interference of with all teat wdl and determ=atim which cheese-the two s stets Mary cad E;.s co. th. What is there • •ert, it we hare a great otject in view, an inter • ea far with these wills of the loUtion as to the I,ol:tifs to place , in the situation of fakers • _ .cer.by t 3 in the edema n of the of these two universities, the most espabl , e-..at they can hod in the suivereity or eloowhert ? I the report made on lb. outing MO. Vaiversity of h that two of tito members et each stollen were two • at the head of the colleges. An otketion very .• urged in proposing a antes woe, that the mien • rJy inspired a violation of the deeds of endowment, . eourniesioners said that cohabiting that in the of both untvenities the object of the (runners had :, promote issued religion. they were not die to attach mock importance to an objec:ion was d.rected gothic a fund calculated to • three ends. They go en to say that if in au be assomplliked without any interbrenee • r. that will be the pnfereble manner of attaining ,nt, bet they had said what I thick lee sound prin. tttat if you kept in view th.t which these founders had w if be object was to promote religion and sound to them two tariviminee, you were entiCed to its .ty law. I own it appears to as that with regard to •s ativersities, thinagt my how. friend says that the .• .t..i.r. applies only to some three or four or five of the • tomber of era gm at °abed ; that although it may . • •au greater number than that, yet with regard to • :bug which are most richly endowed there is, what • . called ia • minhanisal question, • waste of power neat extent, whenyens ken endowments by which • • ethic! per might be maintained and employed in ...Cl.= of a Mat number of young men. You have • • bject to-day, owing to the manner in which the oh:ch ought to have been so literally complied • •in seen departed from. If this is disease, bow is -ctto be accomplished? fioms, 1 know, say lot a bill • oe introduced for the parpcseol enabling the waver. • c' eoieges to make these changes, but I own it . .• • ts a• ttat with respect to a question of AL kind, • me other questions akin to it, the inquiry by •• . commision would be eminently serviceable, • ti t.d to make those change, introduced by the • rt•ties themselves more complete and efficient. my intention, therefore, to vote for the motion. I •. cet the bon. member will not press it on the house ; • • terniely our intention to advise the crown to issue a • •••c .aimiesion to inquire into the revenues and ' : toe two of Oxford end Cambridge.7ct • .G that no such eommlalion we issued eight or tea • . ..to because, under the then circumstances of the • night have had an appearance of hostility; bat • ecmalialion be appointed, composed of pow - at , ' have themselves been *duetted at the nal • ••• end who entertain a filial regard for their plan of ' •a, and it the inquiries are mede in a friendly spirit, • *onset n3thing but advantage to result from such said that although he had been pre to go along with the noble lord at the commence. •.! cu speech, his satisfaction was much abated by lie ' • eanouncemant that it was his intention to advise tiara to issue a commission to sequin into the nein ', • end revenues of the ucivenities. (Cheers.) He t. • . silt the 'obis lord that the question, as regarded hten, must be decided by par li ament, but he could not t••• e;•.b him ss to the principle open which a commission itsue. lit (Mr. Uoulbura) was satisfied t h a t a oom- •• was not a proper mode, the more especially as the • hid already of their own volition introduced • .1 the reforms it was intended to promote, but • ae he believed, it would most certainly thwart sad .• lb. noble lord rejoiced that the proposal fora cow •• a made ten years since had bean defsat.d, so did he • • ~ .•.ulburn), and he believed that if the present proposal •• .••.• defeated, the noble lord would rejoice es much ten : •• recce as he did at present. (Hear, bear.) What • • did there exist for such a emantheion ? The antl fnma of examination had already been exploded, ••• • mill new branches of science had been added. h• tl'3.•vl that the noble lord would re-consider his determi• sod as to the present motion it wee hie (Mr. Goul intention to give it the most determined oppo- L SCCLLY regretted that the noble lord had omitted wterence to Trinity College, Dublin from his speech, and I, reconsideration, that he would extend the coax r-..5.t.r. b, tl.at institution as well as the universities of Eng. The R.man catholic, had good reason to complain of lt.J llClusicia from that college. If the hon. member for t".t. Laiwashire should withdraw his motion, he (11r. world move that the oommisaion propo sed by the lard be instructed to extend its inquiry to Dublin , teity. (Divide.) IiZYWOOD, after the promise given la the noble wen peewee ea withdraw his motion. ("Ni, no," and Divide," trom the oppoeitioe.) With regard to Trinity aye, If a substantive motion was made on a hews even '; to Laclede that college in the inquiry, he would support He begged to withdraw his motion. (Cries of " No, no,' eLI "Divide ") Mr. It YAL3IER thought that after the announcement . .!the noble lord—an announcement made at a late hoer tet tweeted, without any previous notice—(hear, bear)— • house could not come to a satisfactory vote upon the without further consideration. (Cheers from the '..xntisa.) The proposition of the noble lord involved itters of considimible moment, including legal points of se imperteece. (Hear, hear) He begged to move that •-• oiste.• be adjourned. (Cries of "No ! and Divide ! ) The question of the adjournment having been pat, Lei J. ItU7•ShLL expiated a hope that as the hon. and irentlestan wished for an adjournment the Louse sot object. (Hear.) He admitted that until he roes t debate the house had coo Intimation of his Intention' to S the appointment of a commission of inquiry in re- Its usavenitele, and therefore he thought the sus ' "-oo for an wijarnwst reasonable, hat he believed • f. , 4. and horned gentian's was mistakes in -.et at nes sot competent to **mown te hose a • ' sow the v.natitatioa or resalable ef these noivessi .- simply to take *videos* volantolar elm dolfewho *shins to give it as to the sabeseef the Ilealittoo "al whether the metatarsi of these isellhaelensmiskt • • 'seeded, though there might be saw Mfbeltv is , Arise to give 'video's whether they we willies or ..t that was not what his h ror d wL ..• . 1 . LAW thought the no din g two •rs - tla ...suing of a C01111Millie• to state samrsity as such, and an inquiry with the view to la .. 1 rs ea% ?Is Inundation of these institedele end the spe ' 'top co 1 , .r which they were estabilshed. (Hew, Ms = orameat now proposed would rye the amble eortssaity of consulting with the lawedit= at the • to how far the power, of the ereent extended in . bat it appeared to him that the noble lord it a natter of cousiderallis dlfitealg le , se Inqui ry upon • reluctant aniveesitY. (Him Hs welted the noble lord would resensider the ' sod that if he found hinted/ wrong he world ti1i4411141 to recede Iron the intention he had THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1850. ante eiTortoo. at battled'se and shuttlecock with the Wanes and' the happiness of thousands, who sought better interest for their money in the public works of their country than the funds would yield. The great earthquake of Lisbon and the terrible harriceues of the Antilles, were more merciful in their ruin and devastation than these successions of railway panics. Those mighty convulsions of nature engulphed or swept away their victims at once, and an huge exemplars of painless extinction. Our railway panics have gradually and remorselessly destroyed people's ty before th e i r eyes, and tormented them witra Pe s r ense of prolonged a n d agonising help lessness and hopelessness. The weaker and the poorer have been ruined by fright; calls have been paid only to disappear In the next day'. share list ; and those who have " hedged" their high-priced stook by pur chases at what seemed low figures, have only done so to find that by longer delay a still greater deprecia tion would have enabled them to have produced a yet lower "average." No doubt there are many good reasons for the pre sent depression. %i hen seven great lines completed and in operation, and a larger number of secondary lines, have not paid any dividend during the last half year; when the last North Western dividend was a deubtfal 5 per cent.; when the Great Western is ask ing for nearly tour millions of additional capital; when the Caledonian is in a state of insolvent repu diation; and when several important lines, the opening of which involves for the first time the princi ple of ore concileable competition, are just approaching completion; no %wider public faith in railways is shakes. But just as little doubt is there that there are as many bad reasons as good ones for the depres sion. Alarm in pecuniary matters has always a ten dency to beccme exaggerated; and the prices of rail way shares, even it the result of bona Ma sales, have indic ated an exte-it of fear which, after all, the traffic returns scarcely warrant. But those prices are not altogether, the beet au thorities aro of opinion, the consequence l pf actual sales. They are, it is generally believed, in no alight degree caused by the fictitious operations of mere speculators. And the conclusion which tame little iiquiry on the point has led us to, is that of late the number of shares actually transferred in the book' of the leading companies bears no proportion to the amount of business done; and that for one real trans , action there are, at least, half a di zen time bargains. No little part of the depreciation is, therefore, caused by those gambling propensities which it is hopeless to attempt to cure, whether they break out in the dingy regions of St. Bartholomew or in the more airy (fe males of St. James; whether they fled an object in Midland stock or in the favourite for the Derby. What Spanish formerly was, railway shares have now become to the Stock Exchange. But although it is hopeless to cure, there may be some means of checking these propensities; and two modes of doing so have been so fiequently 'egg( stedi and are in themselves so easy and simple, as to render it matter of surprise that they have not been resorted to. Ono is, that every railway company should issue a weekly or semi-monthly return of the number of its shares, or the amount of its stock actually transferred on its books. The other, that all 'mad fide sellers and buyers should insist on immediate payment for their sales or the immediate delivery of their purchases, as the case rosy be. By the former, the full extent of the actual operations of sales in each compsny would I be made public •, and by the latter speculative share brokers would be somewhat restricted in the op:iort u pities they now have of founding en their clients' sales or investments fictitious operations of their own. The various stock exchasgee have certainly a perfect right to fix Fettling days on which to pay tor, receive for, and otherwise arrange their internal transactions; but their clients are under no obligetiun to be bound by their rules. There cm be little difficulty in selling for money, and in buying for de livery, instead of for " the account ;" and it is some what intolerable that there should now be, through out the kingdom, an organised fraternity speculating on the distresses and misadventures of the property of the very people by whose brokerage they: at least, prefers to live. . . OUTGOING MAILS. The malls WA Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt Ceylon, ludia, Hoag-Hoeg, to., will be wade up this anulag. The wails few British North Agonise and the Uaited Stites will be made up as the evening of April 26. The mails for Lisbon, Spain, and Gibraltar will be made yap on April 27. The West India Mello, including Bermuda, Havannah, Nam, Headwall, New Orleans, and Mexico, sad excluding Mese toe Madeira, St. Juan-de-Nicaragua, New Granada, Chili, and Peru, will be median ou May 2. The mails for Modern, the Brasile, and Buenos Ayres, will be made up on the 4th of May. The malls for Gibraltar, Malta, Grime, the lonian Islands, lir&Ceylon, India, and China, via Southampton, will up as the morning of key 20. MON WATER AT LONDON =IDOL Ti. O ..—AINTANL 20.. Dram° 1,-lAmskag, 1% *amiss% ia. lea. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24. WE think that fair hopes may be entertained of the settlement of the Greek difference. This is plainly to be discerned in the altered tone of that great Russo-Greek organ, the Times. A week ago that journal informed the world that "if Lord PAL 3111ASTON did not recede, Russia would advance!" Yesterday it drew in its horns, by acquainting us that the Greeks " had little to hope from the actual or forcible intervention of any gnat power," inasmuch as " Admiral PAHICER'6I squadron was more than match for any fleet that could be sent against it." We congratulate the Times on having made. how ever tardily, this brilliant discovery. On Monday we read in that paper, on the credit of M. ZOGRA PIIO9, that if the English fleet did not quit the Piraeus, the Czar would invade Turkey. We did not see at the moment, why the poor Sultan should be made to pay for what England might do or might not do in Greece. But the limes re-assures us by observing, that "the boldest operations of Russia could afford but a distant diversion is favour of Greece." The fact is, that the East is still the land of illu sions, or, in more vulgar language, the head-quarters of lies. All the potentates and statesmen of that region indulge in dreams, and in the big and empty words which . people talk in dreams, and which have neither meaning nor truth. There is no greater dreamer than the Czir, and no caliph of an Arabian tale given to utter more grandi loquent words or more empty threats. What his Imperial Majesty slid t 3 M. ZOORAIIIOB, and what M. ZOGRAPIIO3 reported to his govern ment, and which thriugh that government reached the world through the trumpet i r g of the MI" we care not. Bat we appreciated from the first, as the nnes itself his done at last, the emptiness of such threats, and the bellownesa of such words. Poor King Onto, 1;;;;;;;Tke the Tunes, has been the dupe of this grandiloquence. And, indeed, we should premise that his Majesty is very much given to put trust in dreams, and to feed his fancy upon visions. His whole reign has been more that of a chewer of opium, than of a politician who atended to business. He was scarcely promoted to ttc Greek throne, by indeed an almost fabulous, and certainly a blind award of fortune, than he imagined that it was but one step further from the Greek to the Turkish throne, and that a telling Wart would do it. In this illusion he spent much money, and indulged in a vast deal of treachery. Later, he found prosaic England opposed to his entering upon another war of Troy, whilst French and even Rule liana flattered him with the idlest hopes. England told him that if his aim was aggrandisement and con quest, he had the surest means in his hands, which were to govern justly, economically, liberally. But OTno despised this vulgar mode of conquest. Ile preferred playing the little, passionate, prodigal tyrant, checking the development of Greece ard pre venting the foundation of his dynasty. This policy favoured Russian vi* ws; and the miserable idiot of a king trusted the insidious councils of Russia, not the honest and constitutional ones of England. This, however, meters not to us. If Russia and France will aid in nullifjing Greece, and making its government despicable and detested, we cannot help it. Rut we cannot permit, that petty veNeanee should be taken upon us for giving good counsel. We cannot petret our subjects to lc robbed, and no attention even paid to their reclsmations. Neither can we permit a boat's crew of British sailors to be taken, and dragged with blows to a guard-house, without the shadow of a cause for the outrage, and with the determined denial of the smallest repara tion for it. • Considering the restrictions and the burdens placed on railway property by law and legislation, and how severe their effects on it are during its de pression, directors and boards are, we think, scarcely l exhibiting sufficient activity, energy, and combination in their intercourse with government. Those restric tions and hardens are three-1, The low rates of fares imposed on railways ; 2, The vicious principle on which they are assessed to poor rates; 3, The in justice of the passenger duty on railways. Now these arc points which ought to be continually pressed g the attention of government and parliament. Yet we cannot discover that any representations on them have been made to ministers by the various railway directorates in any united form. It is now demonstrated in the most convincing of all forms, viz., by reduced dividends, that the assump tion and the calculations on which the legislature fixed railway fares were purely imaginary and chi merical; that so far from railway profits generally averaging, as it was long supposed and estimated they would, 10 per cent., it will be considered a fortu nate railway which yields a dividend of 5 per cent. on its original cost; and that, owing chiefly to the enormous powers parliament conferred on landowners in their dealings with rail way companies, the parliamentary estimates on which this 10 per cent. calculation was based, hate been necessarily and unavoidably ex ceeded. And such being the case—it being now established beyond all doubt that legislation as to farts was founded on defective information and on an ticipations ridiculously sanguine ; railway companies certainly have a strong case on which to ask the legislature, at least, to reconsider the subject of fares. Already the Railway Commissioners have, under a sensed accurate mileage, relieved some companies from that height of absurdities—the " geographical clause" —by which they were bound to charge in certain cases by distance, as " the crow flies," instead of by the number of miles the passenger was actually car ried. And the time is, we think, approaching when a further step will have to be taken in reference to fares. On this poit t especially, the insult offered to the officers and crew of the boat of the Fantome, we do think that the British government has "how° a very culpable Teraina'''. Instead of a fleet coming to de mand reparation for it after such a length of time, it should have been sent instanter. Nor is it by a seizure of merchant vessels that such an insult to the navy of England ought to have been reeented, but by a broadside pointed at the very palace of the King, the boy-monarch whom our arms placed where he ir, and who having made use of that position to insult us, and deny a word or a tittle of reparation and of justice, should have been taught a much severer lesson. Mr. WYSE is perfectly right in consenting to no terms and signing no °lnvention, in which there is not an express apology for the insults offered to the officers and boat's crew of the Fantome. But his Majesty will yield, we have no doubt. Nor, indeed, would he have resisted at all, had not those who fed him with illusions, and who are themselves under the influence of the same illusions, buoyed up his resolve. M. THOUVENEL promised him nothing lees than the speedy coming of a French fleet. Since that has proved vain,M. ZoGRAPHOII has telegraphed from St. Petersburg he coming of a Russian one. The Times hail zealously chronicled each of these threats, conveyed to it through the PISCATORT or conservative French porty. And when our sagacious contemporary was deceived by the illusion, no wonder that poor Onto was their dupe. The Tinter, however, read yesterday its recantation, and poor Onto has by this time probably read his. For the truth must come out at last, even from St. Peters. burg. And this truth, telling King Orno that he had no material assistance to expect from the Czar, must inevitably have disposed that monarch to descend from the cloud. of cis Olympus, and enact the part of an every day and a sensible monarch. Amongst the foolish falsehoods got up on this sub ject, none are more glaringly contradicted, than that late events have either humbled England with the Greeks or rendered them odious. On the contrary, the first feeling of irritation evaporated, the Greek press and public discern and admit, that England could not put up with such repeated slurs and Nampa, and that the court and ministers were alone to blame. Rusin by having pushed the King on to residence, and then abandoned him, will have earned for itself the most unenviable reputation in Greece. Another error, which our letters enable us to dispel, is the assertion that Greek trade is utterly paralyse d by our blockade, and that the consequent loss is enormous. The Greek shipowners and merchants are too apt to repeat this grievance ; natural enough, as they demand indemnity from the government. And government will echo it for their purposes. But we believe the fact to be, that previous to the block ade, the Greek marine was, the greater part, lying idle, no freights to be had, no bag. nem doing. The great corn trade of 1847 had prompted the building of an immense quantity of shipping, for which in 1850 there was literally no employ. And we point out this fact, not merely to meet the grievance of the Philhellenes, but to appease the fears of the protectionists, who, in their dreams,see large fleets laden with corn tame from the Black Sea and the Levant to inundate our ports. There is stagnation of trade in the Mediterranean; and how- ever the Greeks and the government may accuse our blockade of their ruin, this ruin must be accounted for by other eansee, patent to every observer, and at tested by every correspondent. It is for the public benefit that railways should be a remunerative investment : for, with insufficient profit on the capital invested, trains must become fewer and slower, travelling kis fah and more irre gular and uncertain. If we turn to those lines on which speed is highest, punctuality most unde viating, and safety greatest, we shall find them to be the companies whose dividends are still highest And the argument that the country generally may be benefited though the profits of railways are unremu nerative, is shallow in the extreme : for, the more the question is investigated, the more clearly will it appear that the best of all tests of public advantages from railways is tbe amount of dividend they pay to their proprietaries. But if the legislature will restrict railway fares, by so much the more is it bound, in reason and justice, to relieve companies of the undue pressure of both local and national taxation. No one contends that railways ought not to be assessed to the relief of the poor ; nor does say one claim for them an exemption from the tax on conveyance to which other modes of public travelling (except, indeed, steam-boats) are subject, however indefensible any tax on locomotion may be in principle. But what is contended for is, that rail ways ought to be assessed to poor relief in the same manner and rate as land generally, and that the net profits, not the grew receipts, of tra ffi c ought to be taxed. We have so frequently shown how oppressively the present poor-law assessments operate on railway; that now the Railway Commissioners are about to issue a report cc the subject, we shall not further enlarge on the question; except to remark, that the placing railway assessments on the same footing as that of otheg i s e al n a, would, it is calculated, give to companies y an increased dividend of 10s. per cent. - The paseseger duty of 6 per cent. on the gran re ceipts might have been a trifle when profits were 10 per cent. ; but now that on many lines there is no dividend at all, such a duty on gross reesiss is, in point of fact, a confiscation, whereby the cr edi tors of pro- JEW. companies may be damnified. Mr. WHITEEIZAD, of the Stock Exchange, in me of the series of useful little pamphlets he le just now inning, has therein a table of 30 companies, by which be shows that this tax of 5 per cent on their gross receipts is a duty of never lees than 7 par amt. on the nett receipts of railways, and that it sometimes reecho as high as 14, 15, and even 17 per cent. Now, rarely this is a bur then from which railways in their present plight might be somewhat relieved—at lesst, to the extent of transferring the 6 per cent. from the gran to the nett receipts. Tim sent state of railway property is certainly vary disheartening. Confidence in its security at an investment appears to be suspended; in what was Mx months ago thought to be its " lowest depth," a " lower still," has now been discovered, but without any certainty that the bottom Immo yet been reached ; North Westerns (the Consols of the railway share mar ket) once at 2401., have at lest touched • discount ; Lancashire and Yorkshire Fifths are not to be got rid of without paying ten shillings a share to any one rash enough to finger such explosive commodities; and the gamblers of the Stock Exchange are playing expressed that ar m end trust to the Worts ef the issifeer- Sty,a beit t whisk e alleged rem eosin m adapt fie Wen of shehs la ti e mato of emlety kr maybe est ite *Wek (Hoar_ .) The ATIVRICZTOZNERAL bagel hr hes. gad learned friend's *Weekly' presented beis a of the aware and shaman. of the grapiest it ware as megatim gemsheles te esteem Istaley, esi le alter the whole regulation of the wahseibp, be gamed that enlb an objein MEN not be carried est, adage foingled es as set of pedhnemt. (Hear) Bet ble sale bleed had net suggestei a sesusheLa of that nature. Mbar* was any doubt as Mlle legality of a emaseleiles ef tawdry to take 'videos* is order to lay befog" the goventateat and parliament so to the state ef edema= in them univer sities, gad hew be the objects for which they wave bottom& might be exteadoi, be might refer to the precedents of the Charity Cosasissies eptioinkd, and the Cominissioa of laquiry late the Cathedral, Chapter, and Skilesiastieal Corpora lona. (Hear, hear.) In each of these cues the *Nut was not to nuke new regulations or enforce °pinkies, bat to collect isiformatim to lay before government and before 'wham's; to enable them to legislate should ties be neemiery. (Hear, hear.) Of the legality of a own sabelon for each a purpose he had not the slightest doubt. (Heir, bear.) Mc BEST said he had himself been the victim of law Warms—(laughter) —end if be retained his seat he should propose one of the beet reforme—a reform of the house itself. (Laughter.) Oxford and Cambridge universities enjoyed peculiar pr,vileges, and as long us hr maligned a member of the house they would retain them. (Laughter.) Yr. HENLEY said the explanation of the Attorney. Omen' would cot be very consolatory to the universities. He had told the hoop, that the commission was not to be executive, but he bad gone on to speak of the inquiry with respect to ehapters and municipal corporations. If the in quiry ia this cue were to be followed up in the same man ner as the inquiry in (heroes referred to, the heads of the universities might naturally NI reluctant to give luterstation. (Hear, hest.) The noble lord had adroitly oeotao.ed to ap petite the question from that of admitting tore. His object, perhaps, was to get in the thin end of the wedge, is order afterwards to achieve as object which he did net dint wish to avow. Colonel SIBTHORP tendered his thinks to the hon. member for Kidderminster (Mr. Best) for the marl, coon, which he had purse. d. (Laughter.) Whatever 'sight be the operstins of an arbitrary law, he Loped that him. mem bit would continue in that august assembly. (Renewed laughter.) He knew what this commission would be ; it be mlf-erented, as all 'overnice:it commissions were. The whole promsl was a shuffle ; it was another ministerial trick. (Laughter) He hoped the house would divide. Mr. It/TULL/LOH wished to know whether the noble lord (Lrd J. Rowell) intended to extend the inquiry to Trinity College, Dublin. Lod J. RUdiSELL did not thick that Trinity College, Dublin, could be conveniently included in the inquiry. The holm then divided, Fur the adjournment . _ . 4gaisst it The debate was adj-uirw d accordingly. ADMINISTRATIONS IN IRELAND. Mr. KEOGH moved for leave to bring in a bill for the improvement o the law regulating the administration of the personalty of deceased persons in Ireland. The motion was agreed to. DEFALCATIONS IN BENGAL. Mr. ROEBUCK moved for a select committee, to inquire into the defalcations occurring daring the registrarship of Sir T. Tattoo, Reg - stria of the Sorrento Court of Judi cature at Bengal. He sold that Sir T. Tinton had been app dialed under the Witt Geo. 111 , antitheft by the powers of that act the property of all pi noes dying intestate in that presidency was of n•aesaity placeo in his hands. Hair hag to obtained the property to question, it became lost, and the unfortunate sufferers now MM. and asked the house of Commons to determire what ought to be done with them. There were not two apini-rre that, so far at they wire con earned, they had a door c aim upon somebody to have their property restored. He, therefore, asked for a committee to inquire when the facies were with respect to these tritium ti and to is Rudy the mischief. He abstained from ,ffering any opinion ou the subject, and he had only to hope the' his request would not be rehired, inasmuch as it was au appeal to the justice of th e h ogs .. Sir J. C HOBHOUSE thought it impossible for the House of Commons to refits the inquiry now sought for. (Hear, hear.) A similar unfortunate cite bad occurrod in the year Ib2B, and in IN3O the Holm of Commons, almost without any discussion, appointed a committee to inquire into t►e circumstances that had produced the defa'estnirs which had occurred in the presidoney of Madras. The hove. member tor Sheffield had very properly refrained from offering any opinions upon the present ease, at d, there fore, it was a perfectly legitimate subject for a committee to ascertain tree extent of the evil and to remedy it. At present he would not enter into the merits of the case; but the time might come, after the committee had deliberated and returned their report, when he should feel it his duty to exprese his opinion in reference to the case. At present be did not feel himself called upon to do more thin atqui see, and he would say very cordially acquiesce, ia the request of the hoe. muskier. (Hear, hear.) Sir J. W. HO 30 said he entirely acquiesced In all the observations of the hon. gentleman who bat moved for the committee. It was a fit and proper subject for a committee, and there could be bet one opinion on the merits of the case. (Hear, hest.) The motion wee then Freed to. CHANCERY FEES. Tho SOLICITOR GliiiillA;;Sel for leave to bring in a bill to es:blis the Lard High Chancellor of England to authorise the collection of fees payable in relation to pro etedinp in the Court of Chancery, and in lunacy, by means of stamps. Ater a few observations from Mr. HINILZY, the motion was agreed to. _ JURISDICTION OF BOROUGH JUSTICES. Oa this 'salon of 31r. MVNTZ, fence was given to bring Ii a bill to su• bons' juntas of any borough having a sepa rate gaol to commit anise prisoners to seek gaol, and to extend the jurisdiction of borough justices to all offences and natters arising within t►e borough for which they act. TENEMENTS RECOVERY (IRELAND) DILL. This bid was read a wooed time, and ordered to be eon atittsd. TIMBER DUTIES. Mr. MITCHELL postponed his motion fur going into committee on this question for a fortnight, when, he begged $. give notice to the right hon. gentleman the Chancellor of the Ezcheque. be would certainly brine it forward. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER admitted that the timber duties were in • most uneatisfactcry state. Yet, having taken every possible means to ascertain if the views impressed by the hon. gentleman on the house could be carried into effect as regarded the proposed drawback, he should say that be could not at all agree with him; and should therefore be prepared to oppose the motion wh it might be brought forward. Lord JOCELYN hoped the question would be speedily settled ; as to his own knowkdge, many persons knew net whether to send their ships to the Baltic for repairs, or keep them It home. He regretted that on • former °edition, when he put a question to the right bon. gentleman the Chancell a of the Exchequer on the subject, he did not re ceive as courteous an answer as he thought he was entitled ' to. He regretted the right hon. gentleman allowed his temper to have got the b tier of his judgment on the occasion. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER disclaimed all intention of discourtesy to the noble lord. After a few words from Sir G. PECKBL and Mr. HVDSON, as to the necessity of speedily determining the question, the matter dropped. The other orders of the day were then disported of, and the hawse adjourned at 20 Lantos after 12 o'clock. KIDD] ELEC fION COMMITTEE. This committee mot yesterday at 11 o'clock. Elisabeth Edwards examined—Was housekeeper to Mr. Robert Watkins, who had a vote for Kidderminster. Went with him to the Boar's Head, in Worcester-street, the even lag before the election. They were in • large room, which was full of people. Mr. Corbett and William Watkins came in. The former wanted Robert Watkins to go with him into • small room, to which after much pressing he consented. Corbett objected to witness's accompanying them, but R. Watkins insisted that she should. They went into a small parlour. Wiliam Watkins wet with them, bat left the room soon alter. Mr. Corbett asked Robert Watkins which way be inteaded to vote. He said for the liberal party, as he bad always dine. Mr. Corbett then pot two half-nowas in the table, and said they mat have esmothing to drink. He then took a 61. note out of his pocket, and told Watkins he would give him that at once, and 161. more, if he would come to the Green Man and Bill, and would vote for Mr. Boat. Wat kins refused to take it, upon which Mr. Corbett prainad it into his hands, and after making some further be took it at witness's request. Remained is the rem with Robert Watkins all night. Was afraid to go Isom, *MI SON of Mr. Best's party came down and made a rew. They broke the doors and windows. Went with Weddle' sent day and changed the note. He never applied to Kr. Herbed for the 161. premised by him, and voted for Mr. Giabeeme. Cram-examined by Mr. Montague Smith.—Had lived as housekeeper with R lett Watkins for upwards of foss years. Thomas Matthews examined—Was • lac* dealer at Kid derminster, and had a vote for the borough. Was la But habit of attending the rams and fain, where he somistiasse did a little business in the thimbleriggieg line. (Laughter.) Had signed the requision to Mr. Giaborne. Was aware that document pledged the electors who signed it to use their utmost endeavours to secure that geatlesean's return; a pledge which he bad fulfilled by votlag for Mr. Beet. (Laughter.) The week before the edeetion he was ofsnd 61. to vote for Mr. Beat. Said he would not dirty his Angers that way. (Laughter.) The day before the poll west to Warwick races professionally. Polled at 8 o'clock on Wed and was the second on the poll. Adjourned to this day at 11 &desk. RAILWAY COMPANIES AND TUB STAMP DtrlT. The Leacester and Preetaa, Wear Valley, sad ether railway waysides have presented petition Nara the Stamp Dade. Bill. LIBFATT OF 81 , 12 CH IN 800TIAND. Messrs. Russell sad Sleigh wbo were *jested hoe tho muting held is the Mule Hal to petition waist Mr. Stunt Wortkl's bill legalising marri.ge with tie akiitt of a desisted wife and hoed for a brush of the pus% bave (says the Beata Prow) " obtained the opinion at emlannt sonneel an two pninte—Art, whether they sewn allied Is be boned at the .testing; sad, seeondly, worse Any lave in nation .dust the Lord Provost tee an Used ennuaitment and wren/roue detention. On both points the opinion le denidedi la their favour; sad, aecordiealy, Mr. linessil hie wat to institute proceedings sealed hi berdeldp; nod the Advocate, Mr. Inglis, and Mr. Meldanil, boobs= retained se counsel." FRANCE. PARIS, Tuxanay, 7 s.x. M. Baroehe tendered his resignation of the port folio of the Interior on Sunday evening. It was not accepted. The minister has been induced to retain his post by the privately expressed adhesion to the government's bill of many who abstained from speaking and from voting. Among these are to be reckoned MM. Thieve, Placatory, Estancelio des Rotoars, Woloweki, Fourtani er , an d Boinvilliers. The cabinet has had a most narrow escape. The absence of the Ministers of War and Public Works from the ballot of SaturdaT evening has received as yet no satisfactory explanation. MM. Thieve, Piece tory, and Boinvilliers beg the Constitutioanel to state that but for their accidental absence they would have voted with the government. The Prairie says that the greater number of the mem bers of the moderate party had resolved to vote against the enembla of the Transportation Bill in consequence of the adoption of the amendment of M. Odilon Bar ret. It was only at the entreaty of several of the ministers that these honourable members consented to vote for the bill which has been so mutilated by the vote of Saturday. The Press. of this morning contains a letter of the 17th from Madrid, announcing that an extraordinary courier had arrived at the Belgian embassy, with the news that Lord Palmerston had definitively con sented to the arrangements for terminating the dif ferences with Spain, and that this news had bison immediately telegraphed from Madrid to the pro v.nces. I have made inquiries on the subject in quarters well informed upon Spanish affairs, and can not find anything to confirm the announcement of the Press.. On the other hand, the papers of the, 18th have been etc. ived from Madrid, and do not say a word about this news, which mast have appeared in the Oaceta de Madrid of the 18th if it had been tele graphed to the provinces on the 17th. The Spanish bankers here equally ignore the auspicious, or rather suspicious, intelligence. Meanwhile, from all I can hear, it seems that some hitch has occurred in the eettleme:it of the Spanish question. I have it from excellent authority, that the two notes prepared at Brussels., with the consent and approbation of Lord Palmerston, were laid by the Belgian minister at Mad rid, at the close of the last month, before the Spanish government On the 31st, Fidel, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affair'', signed ore of the notes, with the full unde:standing that Lord Palmerston would sign the other without delay, and on the same day both the Doti s were sent off to Brussels, where they arrived on the sth inst. On the 7th they reached London. Nothing has been heard of the matter since, until this statement of the Prem., which certainly tallies very well with the time when such a result might have been expected, hat unfortunately is not confirmed from any other source. In selecting their candidates for the Paris election of the 28th, neither the socialists nor the moderates have been fortunate enough to hit upon a champion wko will be acceptable to all fractions of his party. The proposers of D spout de l'Eure w:11 not vote for Eugene Sue; the proposers of Fernand Foy will not vote for M. Leclerc. There may be some few exceptions, but this will be the case with the mass. Now the result of the election will entirely depend upon the propor tion of the fractions which refuse on either hand to vote for the candidate of the majority of their respec tive parties. And as far as one can judge these frac tions appear to be very evenly balanced, amounting probably on either hand to abo u t 20,000. At th e lest election the average of socialist votes given to each of the three candidates was 130,000 ; the average of moderate votes 125,000. So that the number of votes for Eugene Sue may be expected to amount to not very fur short of 100,000, while those for Leclerc will in all probability be some thousands less. At all events the run between the two is expected to be a neck-and-neck affair, and from the tremulous sensi bility of the magnetic needle of the Bourse to the most trifling electioneering news, one would suppose that the fate of the Republic hung from this decision. In order to repair the serious breaches battered by l the Moir du People in the candidacy of Leclerc, an attestation of the heroic trait upon which his title to represent Paris is founded has been sign S . -1 by several officers and men of the corps of National dotards to which ii. Leclerc belonged. This is published at the head of all the moderate papers. The sitting of the Legislative Assembly to-day opened with the adoption, without debate, by 451 votes against 41, of the bill presented yesterday by the Minister of War fora credit of 130,000 fr. for succour to the victims of the catastrophe at Angers. The order of the day called the house to the renewal of the discussion on the budget. Oa Chapter 34, relative to inspection of departmental services, fixed at 114,0001 r., M. Raudot proposed a reduction of 40,000 fr., upon the ground that inspectorships of charitable establish ments were sinecures which drained the funds of the poor. M. Baroche opposed the reduction. Upon the chapter of prison M. Jules !rime complained that the prisons of the Seine were placed entirely in the power of the prefect of police. He also found fault with the division of prisons at the ministry of the Interior, and demanded explanations with regard to the suicide of a prisoner at Mout St. Michel. 7.1. Baroche defended the actual state of prisons, and declared that the prisoners at Mont St. Michel, guilty of armed rebellion, had not been treated with excep tional rigour, and referred to en inquiry which had been made on the subject by a counsellor of the prefecture. The author of these calumnies was a discharged employ.', who had sought this means of being revenged on the director. The Assembly, having adopted the remaining chapter of the budget of the interior without debate, passed to the budget of agriculture, of which the first chapters were also adopted without discussien. A debate without interest followed concerning the Agronomic Institution of Versailles. In the sitting of yesterday a violent attack was made upon M. de Lamartine by M. de Mornay, who loathed sentiments of humanity upon the lips of men who had helped to subvert society. An allusion of M. de Lamartine to Napoleon drew from General Regnault de St. Angely an exclamation that it was blasphemy to compare Napoleon to convicts. General Dumas has been appointed director of the affairs of Algeria at the Ministry of War. General Rostolan has addressed an order of the day to the troops of the Bth, 9th, and lOila military divi sions, which are under his guard, passing a high eulo glum on the conduct of Sub-Lieutenant Simon, of the 66th, for firm and decisive conduct against the band of rioters at Limoux, on April 1. Another order of the day.states that the major of the 66th regiment of the line has been placed on half-pay, for having evinced a want of firmness on a similar occasion. Count Zamoyski, whose extradition had been de manded from Turkey, for being concerned in the in surrection of Hungary, has just arrived in Paris. The committee appointed to examine the various modes of voting recommended to the notice of the Assembly has made choice of that invented by M. Lanet de Limancey, to which some improvements have been lately added. The bulletin for voting by this method will consist of a little plate of steel, either blue or white, and bearing the name of the represen tative. II is supposed that a considerable saving of time will accrue from this plan, and that errors will be impossible. The committee demands a credit of 29,984 fr. for the execution of the apparatus required for this new method. A cabinet oouncil met yesterday at the Elyse., in which an important decision respecting the club law is said to have been taken by the government. The Evenement was seized last night by the agents of ➢f. Culler, wherever it was found selling in the streets. P.B. There was some conversation in the Assembly to-day of negotiations for an important modification in the ministry. The President, dissatisfied with the state of things, thinks, it is said, to strengthen the ca binet by admitting to act with M. Barocho some im portant members of the majority. Overtures have been made to two of the most honourable members of the legitimist party, whose hesitation has prevented anything having been yet decided. Der PABIS. Aram 23. Poe Amount. Money. Ope Mel 11.1 set. Lowest. Maine. 8 per Oats. 33 48 35 60 33 73 15 80 65 70 I per Ceuta. B9 46 49 30 89 30 69 15 119 40 S do. New Lites. . wt 9 .9 99 44pee Oesets. 7BlO per Osnat. M n traleoge ea Lembo.: at Welt, 23 33 ; 80 dsys, 2146. Belem. ft. 1840 lOOl Hooey. Naples Nantes 93 now, Do. 1141 lOO . Doman Wen 1819 79 .. Do. Ito. 2 Piedmont 3 per Conte 84 10 . Bank Shares •••••••••••• BOVIMIL--St. Oermain 350; Versailles (right hank), 160; do. (left bud°. 140; Paris and Itooen, 307 50; Rouen and 110 219 30; learaeilles and Avignon 1E0; Strasbourg and Bale, 40.1 ; Or and Vieraon, 323; Orleans and Bordeaux. 390; North, 416 25. Paris sod nt. 1123 73; Tours and Nantes. 223 73; llchtertatt and Troyes, 100. SPAIN. It has been positively ascertained that the cabinet courier who is to take to Madrid the definite answer of the English government for the restoration of diplomatic relations with Spain, could not quit Lon don before the 13th or 14th. MADIJD, Ann. 17 .—Tbree per Gann, 291 pow RH" I3 paper VI 134 papw ; Passives 1; Coupons, st pa per: flank ot.F SI auk 49 papa• Yichang, on London 34.11. ITALY. LOMBARDY. Letters of the 10:11 inst. from Verona state that Radetzky hu just authorised the Jesuits to return to the houses, both at Verona and Veni ce , f rom w hi c h they had been expelled on the 18th of March, 1848, when the promise of an Austrian constitution was published. TUSCANY. Count Thuo, cmsmander of the 8:h corps of the Austrian army, arrived at Leghorn on the 15th. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, APRIL 21. The information I forwarded two or three days ago of the intention of the Prussian cabinet to with draw from the Schleswig-Holstein affair altogether, is now confirmed. The Prussian government have been induced to take this step by the independent proceedings of the Statthalterschaft, who, as you al ready know, have st nt a deputation of three men of confidence to attempt an independent negotiation with Denmark. In the opinion of the Minister for Foreign Affairs this last step of the Statthalterschaft, afforded Prussia the opportunity of negotiating a simole peaoe between Denmark and Ger.rany, disregarding alto gether the duchies, who are in poss'eeion of a well disciplined, numerous army, and no longer defenceless, therefore. With this view a conference took place the day before yesterday between the Prussian plenipotentiary, Von Usedom, and the Danish envoys, at which the following proposal was made by the former :—" Prussis, authorised by the full powers granted her by the federal commission, proposes a simple peace between Denmark and Germany, and invites all the federal stites of Germany to join in it as soon as possible. With regard to the dispute be tween Denmark and the duchies, all parties reserve their particular rights ; G-ermany also, with respect to the federal resolution of 17th Sept., 184 G." As, by this proposal, Prussia has withdrawn from all im mediate connection with the sduiion of the Danish- Schleswig dispute, Herr von I:adorn, the Prussian plenipotentiary, left Baden yesterday for Erfurt, to take his seat in the German parliament. The Deutsche Reform publishes a telegraphic mee rine, not dated, and a itheut the name of the place whence it comes, stating that intormation from the Polish frontiers has been received of the concentra tion of large bodice of Russian troops at Lsnegei. Radowitz and Manteuffe I have arrived from Erfurt. Araft. 22.—Voluntary Loan, 1051. State Iran, 801; Bank Shares, 931. Vir.asa, Aram 20.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 931; Four per Cent, ditto, LI; Exchange on Frankfurt, 1151. iebr Court. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and the Princess Helena, took a drive in an open carriage and four, yesterday. The equerries in waiting, L,rd Charles Fitzroy and Lieut.-CoL the lion. Alexander Gordon, attended on horseback. Lieut.-Col. the 11 n. C. B. Phipps had the honour of join. ing the royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace, yesterday evening. Her Majesty's private band war in attendance in Buckingham Palace, on Monday evening. The Marchioness of Douro has relieved the Viaconnteas Canning in her dation as lady in waiting to her Majesty. The Duchess of Kent, acc3mpanied by his Serene Highness Prince •, notoured lag performance at her Majesty's Theatre list evening with her presence. Her Reyal Highness was attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson and Sir George Cooper. The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Major Ste phen., honoured Mr. Burford's Panorama of the Arctic Regions with a visit yesterday. The committees on manufactures and machinery of the Exhibition of 18.51 had a meeting yesterday in the new palace of Westminster. There were present Mr. T. P. Gibson (chairman of manufactures), Sir J. Guest, Mr. Barley, Mr. Ansley Pellatt, Mr. Redgrave, Mr. Towruiend, Mr. Morrie. Stirling, Mr. J. 11. Vivian, M.P., Professor Cowper, Mr. H. Hope, Mr. Cub:tt (chairman of machinery), the Earl of Rome, and Sir John Rennie. Mr. Scott Rumen, secretary to the ral commission, attended. Colonel Reid (chairman) and Messrs. Cole and Dilke were present on the part of the executive committee of the royal commission. Mr. Itswlinsoo, C.E., had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Viscount Newry and Mr. Kinloch hod an interview with E erl Grenville yesterday, at the office of the Railway Commission in the Board of Trade, on the subject of railway communication in the neighbourhood of tee town of Newry. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial- Who from the governors of New South Wales, Australia, New Zealand, she Mauritius, Hoog-Kong, Ceylon, and Malta. NEW STAMP BILL. A parliamentary paper printed yesterday gives the Chancellor of the Exchequer's revised scale of duties upon stamps, as they are to be submitted to the House of Commons upon Friday night. There ap pears to be a material variation between the plan as now printed and as it was generally understood in the thaw of Commons upon Monday. It was believed that on the smaller considerations some relief was to be afforded to the poorer taxpayers. It appears, however, according to the scale as now set tled, that upon all small considerations of from 501. to 2001., a duty is to be paid of 6.. per cent., whilst on all large considerations up to 100,0001. the duty is only to be ss. per cent. The Chancellor also proposes on the smaller stamps to take his increase in the shape of an additional le. 6d. on sums of 231., instead of in the shape of a duty of 2e. 6d. on sums of 501. The scale will be as follows, as contrasted with the lower scale already adopted by the house : Amount. Sir C. Wood's Hous e o f C ommons ' Seale. Scale. £ £ s. d. £ s. 010 0 1 50 to 50 75 75 to 100 100 to 125 125 to 150 150 to 175 175 to 200 200 to 250 600 . 6 0 0 10 1,06 5,000 10,000 20 000 60,000 1 9 6 0 0 100,000 250 0 0 And the same And so on, in amount for all higher proportion to values. the values. The Chancellor of the Exchequer promised cm Monday that ho would lay upon the table an im portant return from the Stamp Office, showing the produce of duties on stamps of various values. This return was printed yesterday, and its object is to show that upon stamps upon deeds of conveyance the Chan cellor of the Exchequer will lose 266,000/. by the adop tion of his new wale of duty. An explanatory letter annexed to the return states that this is mere matter of estimate. The way in which the " estimate" is made it is most desirable to show. The return Resumes that about two-thirds of all the stamps issued are used for conveyances. It then cal culates the amount of lose on each description of con veyance stamp on which the rate of duty is to be de creased. The great item of decrease is upon the IL stamp. Out of the total decrease of 268,0001., it is cal culated that no less than 114,0001. will arise upon this single stamp upon conveyances. The 11. stamp upon conveyance deeds represents purchases of pro- perty where the amount of purchase money is be tween 201. and 601. It is assumed by the return that there are no lees than 38,170 of these small trainee°. dons annually. Those who know anything of the value of property in England and of the very few sales that take place where the value is so low as 501., will at once see that it is utterly impossible that there cane any such number of transactions. What ie the fact? The truth is that the 1/. stamp, of which it is assumed that there arc no less than 138,000 annually impressed upon conveyance, and on which so great a lose is estimated, is a stamp used for a vast variety of purposes, but more especially sir Ph I A . f.i, i . • J . : %