The Express. — London, England, 1860-07-19 00:00:00

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No one who pays the slightest attention to Health Statistics can doubt that they are meet ireful in teaching us the extent and conditions of preventible diseases. When these increase, it is Use duty of the enlightened portion of society to do the best it can to diminish the mortality. This subject has been moat forcibly recommended to public attention by a very well written and popular inquiry into the causes of the recent increase of small-pox, and the means for its prevention, by Dr. A Liman COLLISMON. Of all diseases it fortunately happens that smallpox, whatever we can say as to its cure, is certainly the most amenable of all to prevention. Of the many scourges that have visited the human race it is one of the most fatal. When taken in an ordinary manner, that is, when a person not previously armed to resist it, either by a former attack of the disease or by vaccination, is infected by it, it destroys more than a quarter of its victims, and blinds or maims for life more than another quarter. No climate affords any stay to its ravages. It is as fatal in the torrid as the frown zone. Civilised and savage life are equally exposed, the latter perhaps more fatally. Before the immortal discovery of Jmixa mitigated its direful effects the great mathematician BCION,UI it' calculated that small pox deprived of life not less than fifteen millions of human beings every twenty-five years. Fortunately for mankind this disease may be more readily warded off than any other. When once it has Tilted the human frame it very rarely mots it again. When it is introduced into the system artificially, by its virus being applied to a scratched or abraded surface, it is generally milder and lees fatal than if taken by exposure to an infected atmosphere. Hence early in the history of the dimes we find the physicians of different soantries having recourse to the method of eesreftie9 or isoestat ire) healthy persons with the disease, to ensure their having it in a milder form. Now, though this method is favourable to the recovery of the inoculated, it Mares the public at tarp in greater danger. Each Maculated person is as much a centre and focus of infection as the person who takes the disease in sa ordinary way. Though inoculation may save a sea's own life, it doss so at the risk of bis neighbour's. Dr. J cam amens, that whereas of those who take the disease naturally one in every five or Gil dies, not one in fifty dies of those who have been inoculated. Yet inoculation is an artificial means of making smallpox an epi demic where it would not otherwise perhaps be prupagated. The practice of inoculation, therefore, on the whole, increased rather than diminished the mortality- from small-pox. Mr. Moose Mates, that at the beginning of the eighteenth century, when inoculation was not much if at all used in this country, about one-fourteenth part of the population died of small-pox. During the latter portion of the century, when in oculation was extensively practised, the proportion of deaths decreased to one-tenth. If no other means of mitigating the ravages and fatality of small-pox than that of inoculation had been discovered we should on the whole have had little cause to be grateful to the healing art. The destruction of human life, immense as it was from the disease itself, was not the only evil. Most of its victims who escaped with their lives were pitted and disfigured. Many lost one or both eyes.. Not a few became early victims to scrofula and other diseases excited into activity by this fell scourge. J devoted a life of active and careful observation to the discovery of a check for small-pox, and found a means of guarding against and warding off its attacks unknown for any other disease. He discovered that there was a kind of pustular disease to which cows in certain dairies were subject. This disease was frequently coin ' ted to the hands of the farm servants who milked the infected cows. It was a popular , svpulion in the dairy counties that persons who had once suffered from this cow - pox were as safe from infection ea if they had hail the smallpox itself. He put this to the test, by inoculating those who had had the cow pox. lie found that in every case he tried, neither by inoculation nor by any other method of in fection could he communicate the small-pox to those who fuel taken cow-pox from the cow. Instead of inoculating them with virus taken from a small-pee patient, he took matter from the cow. He found the milder disease could thus be propa gated artificially. Moreover, be discovered that t hi s cow-pox once reduced in the human being could be transmitted from one to another. After being transmitted thus artificially from one person to mother for many persons in succession, he found all alike unsuscepuble afterwards to thu in fection of the small-pox. The great advantage of vaccination over inoculation Collelidll in this, that the cow-pox. unlike small-pox, can only be propa esied by actual contact. The contents of a pustule of eow•pns mist be actually applied to the abraded ..esv - vT13311 .q . 'or scratched skin of a hue er smug flydario produce infection. Hence vaccination properly performed...find is, by the inoculation of real cow-pox taken from • healthy individual, is as sure a preservative to the person who takes the cow pox as if he had passed through the small-pox. Vaccination has this advantage over inoculatioo, that it preserves life by the propagation of a far milder disease than the mildest small pox, • disease never fatal, confined generally to the number of pustules arti ficially produced, incapable of propagation by ordi nary means of infection, and when properly pro duced as sure a preservative as if the more serious disease had been pealed through. Vaccination does not absolutely secure a person who has the cow-pox from small-pox, any more than small-pox itself absolutely insures its victim from a recur rence of the disease, but perhaps it would not be going too far to say that ordinarily not one person in • thousand who has really had the cow-pox ever takes the small-pox. Those who do, have the disease so mildly that it has been calculated from well-kept returns that not one out of 450 who take small-pox after suc cessful vaccination dies. When the small-pox raged at Marseilles in a very virulent epidemic form in 1828, there was an estimated population of 40,000 persons not above thirty years of age. Out of 200 protected by previous small-pox twenty took the disease and four died. Thirty thousand had been vaccinated-2,000 of these were affected by small-pox and twenty died ; while out of 8,000 Altogether unprotected by previous small-pox or vaccination 4,000 took the disease, and no less than 1,000 of them died. If we could doubt the general efficacy of vacci nation rigidly carried out, Ds Casco and Sacco report that in 1812 Vienna had been free from small-pox for five years and Milan for eight. Sweden and Denmark so effectually enforced vaccination that for twenty years both countries were free from small-pox. Had other countries as successfully enforced vaccination as Sweden and Denmark, the conviction of Jamie', that he had dis covered, "in the mild form of cow-pox, an anti " dote that is capable of extirpating from the " earth • disease which is every hour devouring " its victims, a disease that has ever been con " aidered the severest scourge of the human race," would have been demonstrated years ago. t Well-kept Health-Statistics show how remiss the country of JiNSUI'S birth has been in using the boon he gave it. Our deaths from small-pox have nearly trebled in three years. They have risen from 2,277 for England and Wales in 1856 to 6,460 in 1868. The mischief still spreads. The Registrar-General gives 240 deaths from small-pox in the metropolis for the last, the Midsummer, quarter of this year, against 27 deaths in the corresponding quarter of 1857, and 34 in that of 1868. In 1859 it was 233. Hence during the last two years there has been a fright ful increase above the mortality of 1858, in which year more than a sixtieth part of the deaths from all diseases in England and Wales was caused by small-pox. More than half the deaths from this disease occur among children under five years of age. It has only been within the last seven years that vaccination by a legally qualified proc• ntioner of medicine of all children has been made compulsory by law. Yet as the 16th and 17th Viet., c. 100, only compels the registrar of births to give notice to the parents at the end of eight days from its birth that the child must be vaccinated, while the parents are allowed three months in which to vaccinate, and neither the registrar nor any other authority is required to see that vaccination is really enforced, the act, with its penalty of 20s. for each omission, becomes a dead letter. Vaccination can only be successfully performed by skilled and well-educated persons. Means are now taken to secure schools for vacci nation, as well as a supply of proper matter, in all the principal towns in England. For the future, by an order of the Privy Council made this year, upon the urgent and valuable reports of Mr. SIMON, no person is to be employed as a public vaccinator who cannot show that he is properly qualified for his office. In the absence of further means of preven tion we would impress upon our readers in general that every one should influence his neighbours to the utmost of his ability to do what they can, by recommending and enforcing vaccination, to save human life. Dr. Silcox and Dr. COLLLNSON bring another subject forcibly before the medical profession and the legislative authorities. Cow-pox has been proved experi mentally to be small-pox modified by transmission through the cow. Wherever small-pox prevails and cows are found, cow-pox can be generated. As small-pox loses its virulence bypassing through the cow, may not cow-pox be deprived of some of its preservative powers by transmission through thousands of human beings I Cow-pox is only effectual when taken at the proper time from proper subjects. It is admitted by all authorities that during the last 20 or 30 years thousands have been ineffectually vaccinated. Granting, under favourable circumstances, that cow-pox virus passed in succession through human beings since the time of JECIZR may be as effectual now as it was then, would it not be sound policy to arm our properly qualified vacci nators with virus taken at once from the cow ? Those who have used matter thus procured have observed that the cow-pox so produced is far more like that figured by JZNNZE in his immortal work than that produced by ordinary matter. At any rate, our death-books teach us that either with or without legislative help every well-wisher for his fellows is bound to do his utmost to destroy the plague of small-pox by enforcing vac cination. LORD MAYOR CARTER u &host too large-hearted to compute nicely how much the guests he invites will return in " drawing " power, otherwise be certainly would have to regret the un profitableness of his entertainment last evening. The dinner at the Mansion-house to Ministers is generally looked forward to as a political event. It may be unreasonable to expect a Premier who, as the Loan MAYOR informs us, freluently spends sixteen out of the twenty-four hours in the House of Commons, to make striking disclosures in addition at the Mansion-house dinner-table : nevertheless the public has at times been gratified to gather, on occasions like the pre sent, views of affairs, and indications of policy, broader and more comprehensive than any that can find a place among the hurried business of • dying session. The characteristic of the speeches last night was • masterly discretion—a quality by no means to be undervalueci in these times, but one which may nevertheless be carried too far. Perhaps her Mairirea Ministers retvernbered the excessive candour of Tuesday night's debate; perhaps they feared that conflict of Conservative principles and Liberal opinions which Mr. CLAY recalled to their recollection ; perhaps they thought that the least said is soonest mended ; at any rate they carried reticence to its utmost limit. Lord PAutzwurrox praised the Volunteers in • S~PRlWi t Eller r 4, li epee& which, being truly • British; wai- not out of place at the Mansion-house because it 'could not have been Out of piece any where; and Lord JOHN Rumen. reminded his hearers of the fidelity of the Corporation of London to the principles of civil and religious liberty. But of present practical interests, Cl the things which at home or abroad excite men's apprehensions, hopes, or regrets, the two noble lords said not a word. Their silence was no doubt necessary, and we do not complain. We note the difference as a sign of the times. Cbt Court. OSBORNE, JOLT 18. The Prinoe Consort returned from London yes terday, attended by Major-Gen/tat the Hon. C. ()mi.. Her Majesty and the Princess Alice met the Prince Oar sort at Osborne pier, and accompanied his nryal ►ighnees to the house. The Duchene of Kent drove out in the morning, and again in the afternoon. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, la Downing-street. The Ministers present were Vis count Palmerston, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Lord John Russell, the Right Hon. Sid ney Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson, Sir George Grey, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hou. Edward Cardwell. A deputation from the committee of the Anti-Slavery Society bad an interview with Lord John Russell yester day at the Phrenpa-oftloe on the subject al the slave trade to Cuba. A meeting of the Cambridge University Oommissioners was held at 6, Adelphi-terrace, on Tuesday. The commis sioners present were the Right Hon. ore Lord Justice Turner, the Rev. Dr. Vaughan, and Horatio Waddington, Esq. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council est yester day. The lonls present were Lord Chelmsford, Lord Kinpdown, Sir Edward Ryan, and Sir J. Colville. Lord Kingedown gave in the appeal from Bengal, "Ramgopal Mooheriee v. Maaaeyk and Kenny" and an appeal front the y Court, " The Peerless" (pert Chelmsford. heard), wu concluded, and judgment given by Lord Dtepakl ee were seat from the Cololli9l-0600 yesterday to the Governor of Malta. PROOF' MR OR TR' PRINCI Of WALRIL—Her Majesty's ship Hero and her Majesty's skip Arindisa, both for Quebec, were spoken July 12, kt. 49 N., long. 11 W., by the Parliament, Irvine, arrived at Havre. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge honoured the Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde by his company at dinner last evening, at their reeidersoe on Carlton House-terrace. The royal duke, who was attended by Colossal Clifton, arrived at 8 o'clock. There were pro mat to meet his royal highness— The Earl of Wilton end Lady Katherine Grey Egerton, the Earl of Howes, the Farl Arawaley, Viscount and Viscountess Stratford de Radcliffe, La and Lady Carington and the Hoe. Miss Carington , Lord Week, Lord and lady Lismore, kc. The Duke and Duchess of Richmond will leave town at the end of the week, to receive company at Good wood during the ram week. The Earl and Countess of Strafford and family have loft St. Jamea'saquare, for Wrothrua Park, near Hadley. The Countess de Grey had a wink dansante last sight at the family 111111131110 e, in Carlton-gardens. The Earl and Countess of Chichester have left Wallace's Hotel. Lord and Lady Colchester entertained a select circle at dinner lest evening, at their residence in Berkeley. KUM. A marriage is arranged between Lady Arabella D. 8/Axl le Weak daughter of the Earl and Countess Dela war, and Btr Alexander Bannerman, Bart. The marriage took place at St. George's Church, Hanover-square, on Tuesday, of the Princess Victoria Gooramma, daughter of the late ex-Rajah of Coorg, to Lieut.-Colonel John OunpbeU, of her Majesty's Indian army. Sir William Snow Harris, F.R. S., a member of the Royal Western Yacht Club, was, on the 14th inst., elected an honorary member of the Royal Yacht Squadron. The noblemen and gentlemen of the squadron consider that Sir William has by his scientific exertions rendered im portant services to the naval interests of the country. His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant will visit Cork next week, to attend the annual dinner of the National Agricultural Show. The Countess de Persigny gave a brilliant dance on Tuesday night, at the French embassy at Albert Gets, to a very large emainblage of the foreign diplomatic body, and the lesdiag members of the aristocracy at present in town. Lord Clyde arrived at Dover yesterday afternoon, and was presented by the corporation with an address. His lordship, who was accompanied by Major Alison and Colonel Stirling, his aidade-amp, left by the 3.45 train for London, amid many demonstrations of joy at his safe return to the shores of England. .~..' Ifsu THE OREAT ECLIPSE. The following brief statement of au important discovery, nude during the eclipse, wee received by tele graph lent evening from an English savant attacked to the expedition which proceeded to the north-eext of Bpain : " MIRANDA, JULY 18. " Our =CCM' his bees complete. We hare two photo graphs of red dames, which prove that they beloug to the sue. " We have secured many photographs of other phases." ARCHERY AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE. —The Crystal Palace annual archery meeting commenced yesterday—and will be resumed and concluded today—in the cricket ground at the lower part of the perk. Upwarda of 100 guineas are awarded by the Crystal Palace Company as prizes —the highest for gentlemen being 16i. end for ladies 10/. for the greatest gross scores, with other prizes of valuable bows and arrows even by Mr. T. Aldred, of 126, Onford.itreet. This liberal hat has attracted to Sydenham all the best archers of the kingdom, including several members of the Royal Tozophilite S ociety, and many ladies and gentlemen from Manchester, Birmingham, Leamington, Chelten ham, Lichfield, Hereford, and other distant parte of the country. The management of the meeting, wlaich was In every respect satisfactory, weaconlided to Mr. S. Met-Ticker, of Leamington. The proceedings yesterday were commenced by nearly 50 gentlemen at 100 yards, and in this contest Xr. H.Bradford headed the list with a score of 143, the ex-champion of England, Mr. H. A. Ford, who 118, and the present champion, Mr. G. Edwards, who soared 118 The best more at 80 yards was made by Mr. Mean* at 00 yards by Mr. Ford and Mrs. Bicker, mid at ISO yards by Mrs. Hornblower. The " best golds " were made at 100 yards by Mr. Maitland, at 80 and 60 yards by Mr. Feed, at NI yards (ladies) by Mite Hartehorne, and at 60 yank by • Merridew. the highest gross score orthe day (410) was achieved by Mr. Walters. The appearance of fhe geld, heightened by the elegant end tasteful costumes el the lady archers, with the beautiful scenery of the park, and the admirable performances of the band of the Gram dierGuarda, conducted by Mr. C. Godfrey, jun., presorted • highly interesting and attractive spectacle. To-day the archery meeting will be rmumed, at 11 o'clock by gentler men, and 2 o'clock by ladies. THE Rev. JOSEPH SOETAIN.—MT. Sortain the celebrated preacher of Brighton, died somewhat on Monday last after a very long indisposition. He preached on the last Sunday in June with his wonted ability, though with ism then his wonted vigoor, sad had left Brighton for a week's rest in the hope of re cruiting his strength. Mr. Fortain was a very remarkable an, and overcame in • very striking way the defect of a very weak and unmusical voice. He had great powers of description and command of language, and although, like Robert Hall, be appeared somewhat cold end commonplace at the commencement of his discourse, the powers of the great deep seemed, as it were, to break up ai he advanced, and he rivetted attention, engaged the mind, and affected the heart as he proceeded, to a met remarkable degree. His sermons were very original, and were carefully thought out and prepared in his mind, although he seldom made more than one or two notes. His popularity was attested by the vast ooagregatioes which attended his chapel, among whom were often fwad the leading men in literature and science. He was peculiarly happy in rivetting the attention of the young. His death wiU create a void which will not speedily be filled up ; and his removal is matter for deep regret with ail those who value real eloquence which speaks at the s a me time to the understanding and the heart. Mr. gnrtai n was a n s ense rammer, a sound philosopher, and an able di v i ne . H. w u a 1..: a good mathematician, a modern linguist, and a fair Hebrew 9,...hc1ar, and was esteemed and beloved by all who knew him,--,Tinta• IN G, Ivy* LATEST INTELLIGENC: ,--- NAPLES. Official despatches received by the French govern ment give the following important news from Naples, under date of Tuesday, July 17 : On the 15th some soldiers of the royal guard, in numbers, according to some accounts, about 40, paraded the streets in arms, crying, " Hurrah for the King ! " " Down with the Constitution !" This demonstration occasioned great disturbance, and led to collisions with the people in many instances. The ministers, in order, as some say, not to be im plicated as accomplices in the reactionary move ment, went in a body to the king and insisted upon resigning, unless the authors of the riot were arrested and brought to a court-martial. The king assured his ministers that he entirely shared their sentiments, and promised that the mutinous soldiers should be arrested and punished. Orders pursuant to his Ma jesty's determination were immediately honed. Bat the king did not stop there. In wler to furnish a more convincing proof still of his real enteations, he got on horseback and, accompanied by the Minister of War and his staff, rode round to all the barracks, harangued the troops, and made all the officers and soldiers take an oath to be faithful to the constitution. At the Grand barracks, occupied by regiments supposed to be especially hostile to liberal ideas, the king formed the troops into a square, and in a short but emphatic speech told them that the best means of proving their attachment to his person was to respect the constitution, and to show their devotion for those liberal principles which would henceforth be the basis of the public law of the kingdom. After this speech the regiments took the oath to the constitution, amidst cries of " Hurrah for the King !" " Hurrah for the Constitution !" The ministers, after this demon stration on the part of the king, thanked his Majesty and resumed their portfolios. The next day the members of the Corps Diplomatique called upon the king to congratulate him. THE ANNEXATION MOVEMENT AT NAPLES. Our correspondent at Naples writes on the 14th : " I do not find that public opinion is disposed at all in favour of the constitution with the Bour bons ; but, on the contrary, increases from day to day and hour to hour in favour of annexation. Were there confidence in the dynasty, had it a character to lose, it would be different ; but the sins of the fathers are on the children. Our shops are full of portraits of Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi, and not a word is uttered in favour of Francis IL" GARIBALDI NEAR MESSINA. The Opinion Nationak has received by telegraph the following important news from Messina, under date of July 15 : " On the 14th, Garibaldi, at the head of 3,000 men, effected a junction with Medici. On the next day, the 15th, General Bosco, with 4,000 men and three guns, sallied forth from Messina, marching in the direction of Barcellona. A battle and an attack on Messina seem, therefore, imminent. The French consulate at Messina is crowded with people, who ask to take refuge on the steam-frigate Descartes. The consul has protested against any bombard ment of the town until sufficient time has elapsed for foreigners to leave it." The Naples correspondence of the Prase says that when the Veloco deserted the King's ships re fused to go in pursuit of her. George Maniu has quite recovered from his wounds received at Calatafimi and Palermo, and has been promoted by Garibaldi to the rank of major. SYRIA. LETTER FROM THE SULTAN TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON. The Muniteur of to-day says : " The Sultan has addressed the following letter to the Emperor, under date July 16 : " I have at heart that your Majesty should know with what grief I have learned of the events in Syria. " Let your Majesty be convinced that I shall employ all my powers for establishing security and order in Syria, and that shall severely punish the guilty parties whoever they may be, and render justice to all " ' In order to leave no doubt whatever on the intentions of my government, I have entrusted that important mission to my Minister for Foreign Affairs, with whose principles your Majesty is acquainted.' " INDIA. BOMBAY, JUNE 22. A large meeting of the natives has been held, voting an address of sympathy to 81i Charles Trevelyan. News has been received here from Zanzibar that a French frigate, on being refused certain conces sions, fired upon the town, and lauded marines. The Imaum then surrendered. Ne 4. BOMBAY MAIL. Tho Bombay arrived at Suez on the 11th Mat. The Peuinsular and Oriental Company's sailing ship Had dington arrived at Bombay on the 12th of Jane. OUTWARD MAILS. The Nubia, with the London snails of the 20th sad 26th of May, reached Point de Galle. es route to Cal cutta, on the 19th of June (two days early). The Panther, from Marseilles on the 12th, arrived at Malta and left for Alexandria on the 15th inst. THE UNITED STATES. 901:ITHAIPTON, THIMIDAT Nourrr. o. The North German Lloyds screw steamer New York, Ceptala S. L van Banton, with New York dates to the 7th lost., bee arrived off Cowes. The New York beings 182 passengers and 263,720 dollars in specie, of which 204,000 f. are for England. The Parana, from Galway ; the Persia, from Liverpool ; and the Fulton, from Southampton, had attired out. Captain Hall and the officer@ of the Great Eastern had been entertained at a banquet by the proprietors of the New York Illustrated News. The visitors to the Greet Eastern had been very few, in consequence of the high price charged for admission. The news from Hevennah was unimportant. The sugar stock was 350,000 boxes. Exchange on London, sixty dare sight, 12) to 13 premium. Accounts from Buenos Ayres state that the yellow fever prevails in all the Brazilian porta. Prices of all kinds are unusually high. LONDONDERRY. Juvr 18. The Royal Mail ComprTii i iielee:alisiiieliiik; from Quebec on the 7th July, arrived in Lough Foyle at 3 p.m., with sixty passengers on board. She landed all the mails and seven passengers, and proceeded immediately for Liverpool. The Persia and the Fulton bad arrived out. The case,7o;To; ptore steamers, Marquez and Habana, which was recently tried at New Orleans, had been decided, the Judge having declared these steamers not to be lawful prima, and ordered their restitution. The claim for indemnity was withdrawn. • • Ara • TY Bieckinuidgw•Lesie Committee had beam held at , in which it was resolv e d t o ma k o • the electoral ticket. he • Democratic State Convention bad nomi. nated 33 candidates to support the nominations of Brecken ridge and Lane. PATZTTZVILLI, JULY 5. The telmaph was completed to this place yesterday. The Californian Overland Mail, with San Francisco dates to the 15th ult., armed at New York on the bth instant The excitemeat at Arizona on account of gold illsonvertes in Meymbrie continued. The market' war* unchanged. The har►est accounts were favourable. COMMERCIAL INT=IGENCE NSW YORK, JULY 6. Cotton unchanged. Flour and whist heavy, but sisehrogsi in price. Corn scarce and fanner. Oats quiet. Beef and pork quiet. Mone7 and exchange undamaged. Stocks not brisk, but prices higher. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nom out OWN PARIS, WILDNZISDAY EVICLUSG. The Bourse was much depressed. Notwithstand ing a rise of I m Console, there has been a further fall of I per cent. in the Bente, which following upon a fall of lilet3 amount yesterday is very con siderable. Sales were prevalent all day, without any reaction. The closing prioes wore 68fr. 70c. for cash, and 68fr. 65c. for account, being a fall of 150. and 25c. Mobilier fell 18fr. 75c. There had been a rumour that the Credit Mobilier would take up the Turkish Loan which has been refused in London, but under present circumstances this ope ration is considered impossible. The Orleans Railway fell 13fr. 75c. ; Orleans, 15fr. ; Lyons, 10fr. ; Southern, Sir. 75c. ; and Western, 2fr. 50c. Eastern rose 2fr. 50c. It is cu rious that, although the Bourse is worse by a great deal than yesterday, the prospect of intervention in the East is considered less im minent. The news of General Trochu's expedition at the head of 4,000 men is denied, and the rumour is traced to the report of an officer that at least that force would be required if intervention should be decided upon. It is said in Bullier's Corresixm deuce that the objections of England had delayed active measures. Even M. Grandguillot's article, which occasioned uneasiness at the Bourse, confirms by the following concluding passage the idea that no intervention has yet been decided upon : After all, it is advisable not to give way to unreasonable alarm. The mischief done is great, no doubt, but Europe, now warned, will permit neither its continuance nor its return. U Turkey should be found unequal to the emer gency, Europe will not be unmindful of what is due to populations long oppressed, and the victims of three mu- Write of servitude. France, to which the East turns its im ploring look as to the land of heroic and generous self-de votedness, will find in her historical traditions the inspira tions of an initiative imposed by her long-continued gran deur. The Emperor, by thus resuming, in the name of the imperious necessity of circumstances, the continuation of our history, will rally round this work, one of the most interesting to modern civilisation, the unanimous sympa thies of nations and governments. Anxiety was, however, felt about a ministerial council held this day, at which it was understood that both the affairs of Syria and Italy were dis cussed. I have seen an official letter from Turin, which states that a rising in the marches of the Roman states is considered imminent. The weather was very cloudy to-day during the early stages of the eclipse, but just about 3 o'clock, when the obscuration was at its greatest, the clouds broke, and the phenomenon was seen under very favourable circumstances—at least in the part of Paris where I happened to be. The degree of obscurity was so slight, that it would not have struck the attention of an observer not on the look out, for it was much about the same as in 1868. We learn by telegraph from Madrid that, at the spot selected by the French astronomers who have gone to Spain to observe the total eclipse, the sky was cloudless--a most important point for those who hoped to see Lescarbault's new planet between the sun sad Mercury. MESSIN A. The following proclamations have been imued by Inhabitants of the Province of,..ldeuina. The Dictator of Sicily has confided to me the command of your province. The difficult post confers great honour on me, but not the less on that account do I deliberately ask myself whether my strength will bear the burthen I have assumed or not. Had I trusted to this strength alone I should not have accepted, but two reasons console me for having done so — the duty of devoting myself entirely to the service of the country, and the security I feel in finding myself assisted by the co-operation of all good men, of all those who love their country's welfare above everything. Commissioned by Garibaldi, and proud of being able to call myself his companion in arms, I have little to tell you, and shall do what circumstances require, freely, frankly, and without boasting. Traiued up long since to freedom, I was always her soldier, and made it my duty to fight for her defence. And Freedom means with me—Justice, Virtue, Morality. Such is the civil freedom, noble and instructive, that I am reedy to make respected by all and for all. The laws emanating from the power of the Dictator, and which laws must be scrupulously observed, are basest on these principles. Convinced that liberty bean with it rights that ought to be protected and defended against a party that would fain trample them under foot—a part that by iniquitous mains, unworthy of the age we live in, @ striving to substitute for the light of freedom and preset.s the sad and mournful darkness of ignorance—that to combat these adversaries force is now at hand—not • brute, but a liberating foroe, re presenting the energy and will of • people—l shall oocupy myself with the unwearied study of the military question. In this respect, if I expect corresponding exertions and co-operation from every part of the public administration, I expect the peculiar and powerful support of the cou rageous youth of Sicily. In presence of the sublime spec tacle afforded by thousands of volunteers hastening from Northern Italy to dotheir duty as Italian patriots in this island, their brethren of the south will not remain passive. The better hopes of the country are centred in the young rnen, Immure to the sacred enthusiasm of their youthful years are added intellect, vigour, and • resolute mind— beause men are the soldiers of the future, as aged men are the prudent guardians of the wisdom of the past. And with our young battalions we shall obtain power, and being certain of our object shall prosecute the war and end with victory. Ones more, too often indeed, our arm@ will have to be turned against adversaries born on the mune soil, speaking the same language. and warmed by the same Italian sun. But the principle of liberty is stronger than all of us, because it is necessary. Let them also conform to that principle—a glorious future awaits them. The foreigner still oppresses • large portion of Italian land. The re demption of that territory would be their own redemption. They who can be good soldiers under the flag of slavery, without glory or honour, will be heroes on the day when they nun call themselves the soldiers of their native country ; when an immortal prin ciple shall urge them on and convert them from slaves into free men. The pnnciple for which battle was done at Magenta and San Martino, at Varese and Como, is the same that has called to arms the Sicilian people, that causes volunteers to flock hither from all parts of Italy, that will call ua to arms to-morrow. The cry then of the dying and the victors was —One Italy. Such shall be our cry. With the noble ex amples of • loyal soldier king and of Garibaldi, raised to the height of 'Washington, we cannot be stopped in Mid. career. Inhabitants of the province of Messina,—Fortune has placed us here in the van : it is a post of honour. We know bow to show to the world that we are worthy of it in every Aad re w e rt e i t we shall be able to say that we have done our duty as men, citizens, and soldiers, we shall have con quered, and Italy, once more her own mistress, will take her seat among the civilised nations. Barcellona, July 5, 1860. The General Commanding the Province of Metro, G. Memel. TO TUE ITALIANS OP TUB NEAPOLITAN ARMY. Ilrothns,—When all the world regards and applauds Italy, why do you wish alone to remain the laughiug•stock of Italy and the world? When the whole nation is gathered under the glorious tricolored flag, why do you wish alone to remain tho sup porters of a deg on one side of which is written "Perjury," on the other, " Infamy"? When the noblest youths of Italy are coming forward u the valiant champions of liberty, why do you alone wish to remain the ignoble instruments of torture and of the "alp of *deuce " Think of it—you are brave, indeed—the bravest of soh diem had to say it, Garibaldi said it, whom you oppow :d. And you were fighting against Italy, your mother. Tiro those arms of yours against the foreigner, against the one • mice of Italy, and you will be so many heroes. Thick of it—you might have your breasts eov e r o d with immortal names, like Crimea, Mastro, Magenta, Martino, Como, and Varese--but instead of theta yuu bat. ally the remembrance of fratricidal contests. For your honour, for your safety, rouse yotuselves you are lost, as the cause is lost that you serve. Redeem yourselves by fighting the enemies of the yountry. some with us, we stretch out our hands to you ; swbr us, together we shall be invincible. With a fete stsl great country our full activity will find an honourabl e de. -do tit. T now only one Italy to serve—serve it. Throw yourselves on its bosom ; come and swell the ranks of tho, who are fighting for her. Your rank shall be preserved to each of you ; you shall also be promoted. Immediate assistance shall be atforild to your soldiers, to your officers, to all of you that steed is wed of it. _ Come to us as brothers, aad you shell be received IS auk --es such he protected. 13aroellosa, July 6, 1861:1. G. MCD!CI. PORTUGAL ' AND PORT WINE. The policy of the Portuguese government, with regard to the wines of the Alto-Douro, ha, been suicidal. Narrow restrictions and disastroe, monopolies, and all the scandalous arts to wi11... men who are fettered in the performance of their daily duties have recourse, have marked the p.riol during which the famous " General Wine Coin pany for the Agriculture of the Wines of the Douro " has governed at Oporto. The wile , grower of the Alto-Douro is beset with restriction, at every turn. He is not allowed to export as 1,, pleases. The production of the Alto-Douro wine district is limited to one artificial quality for cis portation to England ; hence an artificial scorny and an enhanced price. There is an absurd eystcin in force which declares that either the upper or the lower part of the wine in one and the isane, vat shall be shipped to England under heavy imposts, while the other part cau be shipped free of export duties to the American and other market.. On all aides, in short, is the Oporto merchant per. plexed with restrictions. Tasting committees, mo nopolising companies, a blind interference between grower and consumer—here are the condition, under which farmers cultivate the grape along the valley of the Douro. The Oporto wine trade is, therefore, undeveloped. The merchant who want, a little freedom must buy it. " Permits for the removal of wines from the Douro to the exportieg lodges are publicly sold like railway scrip." This is the assertion of Baron de Forrester, who is a large wine grower, and who has devoted sixteen yearn t.) the incessant advocacy of free trade in Portuguese wines. " Fifteen years ago," he tells us, "I was the only British merchant who inva riably made his own wines iu the port-wine country; now, my example has been pretty generally followed, and every merchant, by the system of permits above referred to, may till his stores with wines of any or every quality as he may think fit, providing it suit his purpose to pay the enhanced price of about 31. per pipe." Here are a few of the trammels which have restricted the productiveness of the Alto-Douro, and which have tended to make a sound, unadulterated port wine a scarce article in this country. Rich clubs are buying up choice vintages at fabulous prices; and hotel-keepers blandly inform their customers that they have not a tingle bottle of port they can recommend under eighteen shillings. The Douro produces wines of various degrees of excellence that would, under a system of free trade, be cheap and popular in this country. Free trade would bring unadulterated port wine to Eng land at a moderate cost. If Oporto merchants awl Douro farmers were unshackled, port at a guinea a bottle would disappear from tavern cellars and club tables. Again and again has this reform been urged both iu Portugal and in EngliueL But there were old-established interests at Oporto that were not to be put down in a day. The sale of permits was a lucrative business. The cause of Portuguese free trade, in short, looked hopeless until the British Chancellor of the Exche quer gave out the provisions of his budget for this present year. The eyes of Portuguese ministers were opened England would become a claret drinking country ; then where would the port wine trade be 1 The late Portu guese Minister of Finance was compelled to meet the difficulty boldly. The monopolists, and tasters of Oporto must be attacked from the front ; and England must be put at least on a level with the United States. That which, in the interest of both England and Portugal, had long been demanded in vain is to be extorted from the fears of Portuguese ministers who have studied Mr. Gladstone's budget. The British consumer must be permitted to import the Name kind of wines as have been hitherto reserved for exportation to the Americas. The Royal Wine Company must cease to dictate as to what wines the merchant shall purchase, consume, or export. The late Portuguese Minister of Finance ad dressed himself boldly to his task. On the 29th of last May he introduced a bill to the Cortes, in which he proposed thatthe restrictive system which has for an entire century embarrassed the port wine trade shall immediately terminate, and the bar of the Douro be free fur the exportation of all kinds of wine produced in the valley of that river. The minister, in his speech, referred directly to our reduction of import duties on wines. He said : Now that England, by her considerable diminution in import duties on wines, opens a field to our commerce. as she does to that of France and Spain and other wine-grow ing countries, the abolition of the restrictive laws, with re ference to the Douro, end the free exportation of every kind of wino by the bar of Oporto, becomes a measure absolutely necessary for the prosperity of our agricultural and com mercial interests. The legislation which governs the Alto. Douro restricting the exportation almost to one sohtary osality of wine (and this for the most part artificial, pensive, and but little adapted to the taste of the age), if it were not revoked would deprive Portugal of the &dean• tages which she possesses in her soil and her climate. Eng. land is about to be inundated with wines of every quality. and from every part of the world. Many classes of her subjects who have hitherto been deprived of the daily use of wine on account of its great cost will now drink wine freely. Unfortunately the minister who introduced this free-trade measure in the above emphatic words is no longer in office ; but there is reason to believe that M. Avila, the new minister, will take up the good work of his predecessor, and give it all the in fluence of his cabinet. By this bill new varieties of Portuguese wines will be thrown into the English market. The wines of the provinces of Tres os Mentes, Beira, and Minho, which hitherto Oporto merchants have not been permitted to ex port, may be delivered in London at prices that will enable them to compete with the cheap vint ages of France. The prosperity of Portugal de pends upon her wine trade. She is emphatically a wine-growing country ; and England is her most important customer. "We must be prepared," said her late Finance Minister, "to compete with the wines of every quality and of every country, in the principal market which is now open to us, under the salutary principle of free trade "—and with this preamble the ex-Minister laid the follow ing resolution before the Cortes : That the vine-culture of and commerce in the wines a the Alto-Douro be henceforward free, as are the rominienc and vine-culture of all the other wines of We learn from Oporto that much opiastiti..n is expected to the adoption of thin weeping nteastuv ; but if the enlightened free trade party in Portugal back ministers when M. Avila re-introduces the bill of his predecease► in office, the time is not far diataut when the Douro will yield England clu-q. and unadulterated port wino, and when the Portu guese wino trade will be quintupled. During the put week it WM extensively an nounced, both by advertisement and placard, that the re. nowned French exile, Victor Hugo, " poet, orator, and hi.. torian," would deliver a lecture in Belfast on Garitolti. the proceeds to be banded over to the treasurer .t the local fund in aid of the exertions of the illustn.u. Italian chief. The celebrity of the author of No• poleon the Little," and the object of the lecture wen , IP• small attractious, and had Victor Hugo oak hie pearanee, he would have been welcomed by one of th.• largest and most enthusiastic audiences over met to , ,,Ttlp . r in Belfast. As it is, the public of Belfast —as it *jeers front the Northern Whig of yesterday—have been mite the victims of a ridiculous hoax.