The Express. — London, England, 1861-11-29 00:00:00

R •. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 29, 1861. • 2 Gan WITH ASD Cub pUlti EXTRACT of CALVES' PIET, laar Wallas mg carry Cas. Salle la. la, mail la patois. by all relen. WANCIACTURY. UTTLZ IVITLANWST.. lbayaubal, W. " like stores, and other articles which are dime* " auxiliary to warlike purposes. Such goods are " denominated contraband of war." But the question arises, how is • belligerent to ascertain that a neutral is carrying contraband 1 The answer is, that during time of war each belligerent is armed with the right of visitation and search, so that he may ascertain for himself whether the neutral is furnishing aid to his enemy ; and it is the established custom of nations that neutrals shall submit to be searched, and that if any neutral ship attempts to resist a belligerent who proposes to exercise this right, it may be carried into a prize court of the belligerent and condemned. The existence of war therefore implies the right of visitation and search and conversely it is equally true that the right of visitation and search has no existence except during war—in other words, it is what is called a belligerent right. Now at present there is war between the Northern and Southern States. It is true that the Northern States regard the Southern States as in a state not of war but of rebellion. But England regards them as at war, or in other words has declared herself neutral, and has granted both sides belligerent rights. What is the consequence England has submitted to have her merchant vessels searched. The Trent, therefore, was no doubt subject to be visited and searched by the San Jacinto, nor is there any reason to doubt that Captain Mots was prepared to submit to the visi tation. If England bad not granted the North and the South belligerent rights, the North would not have been entitled to visitand search the Trent. Messrs. Suers'. and MAXON would have been in Tut more the conduct of Captain WILES, of the oyes of the English Government, as they now the Federal inau.a. war San Jacinto, is considered, are in the eyes of the American Government, the more difficulty is there in reconciling it fugitive rebels, and having once escaped to the deck with the ack hoe ledged principles of International of a British ship, which is British so", would have Law. In the discussion of a subject so likely to been safe from the hands of Northern naval officers. excite national susceptibility it is of the utmost If, therefore, they are now liable to be seized and importance to maintain a tone of calm imperils- carried away it must be because they come within lity ; nor should there be any reason to anticipate the definition of contraband of war, and because in these columns any vicious appeals to national the Northern officers are entitled to exercise the prejudices. Hitherto we have never ceased to de- right of carrying off Southerners found on board plore the irritating tone which has been adopted by British ships, without the necessity of appealing to some of our most powerful contemporaries ; but al- a Prize Court, and, therefore, in • manner quite though we always have maintained, and rtill continue contrary to that in which contraband to maintain, the undoubted right of the Cabinet of goods are treated. In short, if the act Washington and the people of the North to put committed by the captain of the San Jacinto down the rebellion in the Southern States, it is is justifiable, not only must the four gentlemen impossible, iu the pursuit of this laudable object, seized be contraband of war, but, unlike goods, to permit the rights of neutrals to be violated, the naval officers of the ship are themselves the and the safety of British merchantmen on the high judges, without appeal, of the fact that those OMB to be compromised. The dignified impsrtia- gentlemen are liable to seizure. lity which has hitherto distinguished the conduct Let us consider this matter more closely. Belli of the Ministers of the Queer; in most difficult sir- gamut rights have been granted to the Federals cumstanocs leaves no room to doubt that the and to the Confederates : there is, therefore, • honour of the country is este in the hands of Lord state of war : and there is a right of search. Pate canoe and Earl Rumens ; but in the As Kier says: "If, upon making search, the meantime it may be interesting and, perhaps, " vessel is found employed in contraband trade, useful to explain the principles of International "or in carrying enemy's property, or troops, or Law involved in this unfortunate dispute, and the ii despatches, she is liable to be taken and brought conduct which this country ought to pursue in "in for adjudication before a prize court." obedience to these principles. Now, undoubtedly the Trent was searched ; but Various accounts have been given of the fade search was made neither for enemy's property, nor which have occurred. No doubt all of them for troops, nor for despatches, nor was she em proceed from British sources, but it is not unim- ployed in contraband. It cannot be deried portant to observe that all of them are identical. It that this British mail steamer was pursuing her appears, then, that the San Jacinto arrived at Hs- ordinary postal service between two neutral ports, vannah on the 2nd of November from the coast of and was giving no aid to the enemy. Africa, bound for New York. At that time Messrs. It is said that the four gentlemen had despatches Meaux and SLIDILL had arrived from Charleston, of some sort from the Confederate Government. But and as it appears took no pains to co n ce a l their in-. despatches in such case are not contraband of war, tention of proceeding to England as emnsartes because, as Lord &reeds declared, in order to bring from the Confederates. On the 4th, the San despatches within the doctrine of contreheeik they Jacinto, having coaled, left Havannah ; but must be conveyed from one portion of the enemy's seeing that only two days had elapsed from the territory to another portion of his territory—as time of her arrival, Captain Yemen could from Bordeaux to • French colony—but if they hardly have received any instructions from his are sent from a neutral country, as from the French Government, although, of course, it is quite pm- Anileceadnr at Washington to the French Muster Bible that the Federal Consul M Ilevannith ittri at Paris, in • neutral American ship, thane no in Ve furnhiLeii him with instrootioes from Wash- right in any belligerent to have the ship con ington. On the 7th, Messrs. SLIDILL and Mason demned which carries them. To confirm this sailed from Havannah in the British mail steamer opinion the American editor of Weed-err Trentfor St. Thomas as ordinary passengers, having nay he quoted to the same effect :—" It is paid for their berths, and in company with their remeirr.A. he says, " that the cart;ng of families. The importance of these facts will appear ~ despatches can only invest • neutral dosed with hereafter. But next day, the Bth of the present ~ a hostile character in the case of its being ern. month, about noon, in the narrow part of '' ployed for that put pose by the belligerent, and the old Bahama Passage, Captain Motu, of the " that it cannot affect with cf.re'nality either a Trent, observed a steamer, which turned out to be regular postal packet " [as the Trent was] "or a this American steamer Ben J acinto, carrying 13 • merchant ship which takes • despatch in its gnus. When within about a furlong, the Ameri- " ordiary course of conveying letters, and with can fired a round shot and then • shell ; and a the contents of which the master was necessarily the Trent was stopped. A boat containing two 14 ignorent.i, But, in the second place, the American officers and twenty armed men then federal officer never searched for and never ob boarded the Trent, and demanded—not, be it ob- ta;led the despatches which may or may not be in served, to search for contraband goods, which the existence. The despatches, therefore, even if captain of the Trent would have been bound to taey would have entitied the Federal officers to allow, but—the list of passengers. This the do what they did, not having been found, cannot captain refused ; but the lieutenant of the San form any justification in this case. Jacinto, after announcing the name of his ship, Again,'it is said that Messrs. SLIDELL and MASON declared that they had received positive informs- were public envoys from the enemy's Government, tion of certain passengers being on beard* and were liable to be seized just as militaryor naval whom he irwild fake out. This demand was officers in the service of the enemy would have balm also refused. Messrs. Steeds and MASON, with l i a bl e to he seized. It is impossible to sup their secretaries, however, on hearing their names pose that the Federal officer imagined himself en read out by the lieutenant, desired to know what titled to wise those gentlemen on the ground that was wanted of them. Being told that they they were rebels. It must be remembered that were to go on board the San Jacinto these gentle- the Federal officer had no right whatever to search men claimed the protection of the British gag, and the vessel for men, for even the British Govetn declined to go but by force. Presently three ment, which has insisted upon the right of seizing more boats came from the San Jacinto, and British subjects found on board neutral ships, never finally, after • protest from Commander WILLIAMS made so extravagant a claim. All they asserted was who was in charge of the English mails, the four I that in searching for contraband goods they might Southerners were forced on board the San Jacinto, seize any British subject who happened to be on and the Trent was suffered to proceed on her board ; and this is distinctly admitted by eminent voyage. I American jurists. But in any case these gentle- As has already been observed, it is by no means i men cannot be claimed as rebels ; rebellion is an improbable that the captain of the San Jacinto offence against the municipal laws of America; may have acted on his own responsibility, for he it is no offence against International Law ; in certainly had no time to obtain instructions from ' order to make any man or anything liable to be Washington ; and this probability is increased by se' red on board of a neutral vessel by • belligerent the singular character of the proceed'-igs in the cruiser, it must be affected by some defect recog- Bahama Channel, and by the fact that it seems nixed not by municipal but by international law. almost like infatuation for the Cabinet at Wash- We must repeat, therefore, that if there was any ingbm, in the very crisis of • gigantic rebellion, right to seize these gentlemen it must have been to embroil itself with the most powerful naval n o t because they were rebels, but because they power in the civilized world. Let us hope, there- ' were contraband of war. And it is re fore, that the act of Captain Wide; was unau- markable that this my ease of Messrs. thorized. But, in the meantime, it must be SLID!LL and Mesme seems to have been an assumed to be the act of the United States Go- ticipated by Lord Stocat. in the case of the vernment, and therefore it is necessary to examine Friendship. In that case France and England the grounds upon which the seizure of Mr. Su- . being at war, an American ship had been hired for DILL, Mr. MASON, and th eir secretaries can be the purpose of transporting ninety French mad justified. ners to Bordeaux. The vessel was overhauled by Now, it is laid down in every standard work on . • British cruiser, and was condemned in the Prize International Law, that when war arise, between Court. But it is clear that if only four French two or more nations, neutrals are still entitled to mariners had been on board the ship, even though carry on commerce with the belligerents, except !it was bound to • belligerent port, the in certain specified cases. The principle of this I vessel would not have been condemned, but rule is that the quarrel of the belligerents on the contrary would have been restored ought not to be allowed to affect the in- with its crew and cargo. "It is asked," said tereits of neutral nations; and history Lord STowlu., "will you lay down a principle shows that since the declaration of American "that may be carried to the length of preventing independence, no government has insisted with " • military officer in the service of the enemy more energy than that of the United States upon " from finding his way home in • neutral vessel the sacred rights of neutrals. Nevertheless, " from America to Europe 1 If he was going it is admitted oven by the Americans, that war " merely as an ordinary passenger, as puts certain restrictions upon the trade of neutrals. " other passengers do, and at his own expense, As the American Chancellor KENT, deservedly " the question would present itself in • very one of the greatest of legal authorities, says, " the " different form. Neither this court nor any " principal restriction which the law of nations " other British tribunal has ever laid down the " imposes ~n the trsde of neutrals is the prohibi- " principle to that extent." This is surely the " Lion to furnish the belligerent parties with war- very ease of Messrs. SLIDELL and Maaox, with SIOOND-HAND PIANOFORTES. CUM. UAL& mod WOOD Moo a largo sooolaset of served And PL./aim. by ts lII+I4 isiftrami mbar*. b$ greatly minced 0ff0...--111. Sae 1•4441•14. ifit eriareoo. TO 001111/1101111111111t LI lakeholl Ow "lbe am" &aim beady, ram mei In al I=6 Oungiodessk by 1.0 ~Ow Oa a lAY~ARR=T. TISM imam THE MALAUC OF COMFORT. —OUR AVILICAN &know notnsra, Bur kotone Mrs. C. Y.4m. aod Mir alliner.•••Siii MA I NI; E IN TS. Ur. Compton. 410.1 MY Mt si4ANUm 011itsr.—Costalenceal PRIVCCFrg. Teri Mt Kin xn.—A34 OTH Noon. Vediter. Ity.kor. J.r.llas. Putter. shunt, sad Cathcart. Maw C. lacing. IL Leclerty, sad Elsvorthi. IT. JANINA. TWM ErMinna A WIFIN JOVIINAL. Mr. O. Vining an,l MM. Male Teri. —TIM POOR !WILLMAN. Mr. A. Wigan. —Awl TYIMPAIINAU SCMtroL. Manna O. Vlnltsc Chatle., larimme. Mir Herbert ...i Mrs. ►. Illattlinani.—t.nninanc• at 7i. I I ANNIA The gY1011314. THE NANDI( MIAULN. Mks K (laytem.— or 11.bkell —N. OWL. Wilk. sr e prun, —Mr. J limorpr•sa —TUN WIDOW" lON. Mn. s. Lau*. - Anal 'rug CALL. . A\U CMILD.-4.lrommor this important difference in their favour, that they were neither military nor naval officers, but simply citizens of the United States, to whom England had granted belligerent rights. But lastly, even if those gentlemen were in fact contraband of war, the Federal officer had no authority whatever to seize them on board a neutral merchant ship, but should have carried the ship, as she was, into a Federal port to be adjudi cated upon by a Prize tribunal. Neither in muni cipal law norin international law are persons entitled to take the law into their own hands. The civilized citizen must submit to have his rights vindicated by tho regular tribunals. Officers of belligerents must obey the same principle. It is impossible that neutrals—the wealthy and powerful nations of Europe—should submit to have their merchant ships overhauled, and the character of the cargo, as well as the nature of theirahipe'employment, should be determined on the instant by any American captain. The Northerners must obey the law of nations, and before they attempt to take final possession either of goods or of passengers must obtain the judgment of a properly constituted court. If the Trent was entitled to carry Messrs. SLIDILL and MAmox ea passengers, she was en titled to proceed on her voyage with those gentle men on board, and the only court which could determine that question was that international tribunal called a Prize Court. The officers of the San Jacinto have rendered this impossible by carrying off the gentlemen in question by force of arms, and, as we must believe, in direct violation of international law. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. To sum up. The Trent was entitled to pur sue her voyage, after being searched, unless the despatches or the four gentlemen were contra band. Neither of them, as it seems, were con traband. But whether they were or were not contraband was a question not to be determined by a naval officer on the spot, as Captain 'Miss seems to have thought, but by the judgment of Prize Court. Cbr Court. WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 28. The Princess Alice, the Princess of Leiniugen, and the Prince of Leiaingen, Wrist with her Majesty yester day. The Dean of Windsor and Dr. Jennar had the honour of being included. The Queen, accompsnied by Princess A'ice and the Princess of Leioingen, drove out this =swing, attended by MajorDeneral Seymour. The Hon. Victoria Wortley has succeeded the Hon. Emily Whom* ma Maid of Honey- in Waiting to the Queen. Mr. Mathew, her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republics of Central AMAMI, had an interview with Fail Russell yesterday, at the Foreign-office, to tabs leave prior to embarkation for that ossatry. The Judicial Cemarattes of Use Privy Council sat= day. An appeal from Bawl, " Joyicurrun Ltd v. rain Sing" (put hard), err concluded. Judgment was reserved. As spread front Benpl, " Amsndinoye Dowse v. Poornochunder," wu heard. Lord Justice Tuns, gave judgment, restoring the amsal. The lords presses WIC The Lords Justices Knight Broom and Turner, Sir J. Cole ridge, leer L. Peel, and Sir J. °civil& - . Despatches were received t 7wrday at the Colonial-office, from the Governors el the el Hoed Hope, Natal, Bt. Helena, Malta, Caykw, awl wig Lag. Dispatches win sent to the Governor of One& MErrnro oP MINUITIMIL —Viscount Palmerston received the Earl Russell, the Doke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and several other members of the cabinet, early in the foreseen yesterday, at his lordship's official residence in Downingatreet. After the separation of the ministers Lord Pahnereton caused ammonia to be Waned for • Cabinet Connell this after noon at him reaideuce in Downing-street, at two o'clock. The Duke of Somerset arrived at hie official residence at the Admiralty, from Mr. G. Tomline's seat in Norfolk, his vice having been ant for by telegraph in order to at tend the Cabinet Council to be held this afternoon. His Him Haney the Austrian Ambassador and tits °mattes Apposiyi cocas to tows to-day from visiting the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury at Hatflekl House. The Duke and Duchene of Montroee are at Com pihrne, on a • * Alt to the Emperor and Empress of the French. The Earl and Countess of Stradbroke have been entertaining at Hookup a nseeniston of guests doriag the kat fortnight, including 64 Royal Mihail', the Duke of Cambridge, Hoe. Colonel sad Lady Margaret Chaim* Sir Hoary sad Lady Sophia Dee Yuan, Sir Edward and Lady Caroline Kerrison, Lord sad Lady Alfred Paget, Lord and Lady Huntingfield and Hoc. Mai Vaaneek, Hon. Admiral sad Mrs. Rom, Earl Annealey, Moo. Gilbert Heathoote, Hoe. H. Windham, Er. Hoary Milbank, and Colonel Morris, C.B. The Marquis and Marchioness of Beaumont, Could Aratatetee, sad the Baron Bsjera, have arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jormyu-strest, from Paris. Mr. and Lady Margaret Beaumont have left toss for &SUM Hall, Wakefield, Yorkshire, in order to be present at the funeral of the late Hrs. Beaumont, which takes place today at Bretton church. The Hon. Orantley Berkeley has engaged to de liver a lecture at the great annual bird show to be held nest week at Southampton. WILLS AND BEQUESTS. The will of the Right Hon. Sidney Baron Her of Lea, P. 0., of Wilton House, Salisbury, bearing date July 10,1868, was proved in the principal registry on the 41st inst. by his lordship% brothers-in-law, the Right Hoe. Thomas Viscount Da Vase, and Chas. Wyndham a Court &minion. E.q., the executors, the personal property being sworn under 160,00)1. Lord Herbert died possessed of very . considerable property, both landed and personal ; and that over which his lordship had the power of disposition he her bequestbed to Lady Herbert, his relict, absolutely, when he has shoo appointed residuary legatee. His lord. ship les left • family of seven children—four soli. and three daughters—all in their minority ; and as no pro vision is made for them in the will, it is to he inferred that they are otherwise amply provided for. The testator has left legacies to some personal friends and to he domestics. There is a legacy of kill(. be queathed to the Salisbury Infirmary ; also • sum of I,CYOI. vested in trustees, the dividends accruing there horn to be applied to repairing the chancel of the church at Wilton, which owes its erection to the mundixouce of his lordship. Het eldest eon, now Lord Herbert, is in his twelfth year, and is heir presumptive to the Earldom of Pembroke and Montgomery. The will of Alexander John Colvin, Feb of Gloucester. pees, Hyde Park, was proved on the s th inst., by his daughter, Steuart Amelia, the wife of John Dunstan' e req., whom he appointed sole executrix. The personalty was sworn under 40,4. ;at. The will bears date Sept 4, Kin, and was executed at Portobello, N.B. This gentleman las left many bagasse to relations and friends ; but the principal part of his property is bequeathed to his daughter, whom he appoint. residuary legatee. To his granddaughter, Jane Luphemia, • legacy of ti ,000/. L bequeathed ; end to the children of his sister, Mrs. Turnbull, a sum of 8,0C31. amongst them. There lea legacy bestowed of 6001., with • comment some what peculiar. The testator rya :—" Upon leaving for ' India I was indebted to Naming him) seven shillings. I bequeath him :Mt, as a proof that I have not forgotten The will of Capel Banbury Leigh, Fag., of Pontypool park, Monmouthshire, and Peoarth, Glintorganshire, was proved in London on the 14th inst. The personal property was sworn under 1011,0004 The executors appointed are the widow and Lieutenant•Colouel George Grey Roes, Grenadier Guards, of Courty nits, near Cardiff, and the Rev. Omega Gore, Rector of Newton St. Lue, Somerset. The will bears date August 22, 1560, and the testator died at Penarth on the 25th of September last. The deceased has bequeathed to his relict, independently of marriage and other settlements, an are other of annuii ts. of 2,400 i., and a I .taiptcy of 5,00 t. ; there rid esence, to.. beyond these bequests. devised to coo, John Capel Haebury Leigh (aged eight years) ; he is also appointed readiuu7 legates of the personal estate. The testator has bequeathed • few legacies to peretioal friends, and his annuities and legacies to his depsodeon sod domestics have been liberal as well as his charitable dons tioos. He km left to the infant school, which he had in stituted at Tyengath for the instruction of the children of his workmen and labourers, a legacy of 1,0001., to the Swansea infirmary and the Bristol infirmary each 5001., and a legacy of 2001. to the Bristol Eye Infirmary.— Illastrined London News. all laden with muskets. The youth waa put in ckatins and taken to the eitadsl, where he wu soon follow by two of his companion; also in chains. A mass of anecdotes are in circulation. Thus two Russians are said to been put into the chamber of an ecclesiastic, whom it was desired to arrest, and who said he was ill, and there they remained until he could be removed. Two ladies of P— were to be arrested and publicly whipped because they had sung patriotichymns. Oneof them succeeded inescaping. The other said she was ill, when the moment for her arrest came. Immediately two Russians were put into her chamber, and she became really ill from fear. Passporte continue to be refused; but the superior authority him ordered an exception on behalf of the peasants. _IIIOII . WATINI AT WNW 111811011 Two D;ii:ll;.Ciaira. 786.7.7mta5e5••71 th W. To-wow —Mori.. IL Oa—. Allaisma. ob. Sa. LONDON, PiUDAY, NOV. 29. THE FRENCH PRESS AND THE TRENT STEAMER. The Debate of to-day observes that the question of the Trent is not so simple as some have appeared to suppose. "It is generally admitted,"says the Paris journal, " that neutrals ought not to mix either di rectly or indirectly in war operations ; that they expose themselves to lawful seizure when they carry for either of the belligerents contraband of war, troops, officers, known spies, or other agents belonging to the service of the armies. It is very natural that the Americans should watch narrowly the waters of the Isle of Cuba, and that they should challenge all that leaves Havannah, whence it is so easy to gain the coast of Florida. As the Trent is but a merchant vessel, and as it was not sufficiently removed from the American coast to escape all suspicion, the Federal cruiser bad the right to stop it, and to examine what wason board. The whole discussion between President Lincolu and England will turn upon the real character which must be attributed to Messrs. Mason and Slidell. President Lincoln will doubtless allege that the arrested commissioners were going to Europe for war purposes, and that the maritine code of civilised nations, in expressly stipulating for transports, has specified no similar privilege for vessels which perform the postal service. It may be that the contents of the despatches which Mr. Mason and his colleagues were to communicate to one or several European cabinets are of such • nature as to throw a light on this grave and intricate question. Unfortu nately for Mr. Lincoln, Commander Wilka has not seized those despatches, which have arrived in Eng land by the L Plata, and if they include anything which may legitimatise the act of the American cruiser, or mitigate its character, it is not very likely that the only diplomatic agent of the Southern States who is at present in London will be in any hurry to publish them." The Paris Presee and the Indepenclance contain a letter from a correspondent who was on board the Trent at the time of the seizure, and who seems to have shared in the indignation which that pro ceeding excited. One statement in his letter is that the commander of the San Jacinto, when on the deck of the Trent, more than once used the words that he would have the Confederate agents, "dead or alive." The Pattie says that "it has been informed, from a private source, that Rear-Admiral Milne (Sir Alexander Milne, K. 0.8.), Commander-in- Chief on the North American and West Indies station, had, on hearing of the outrage committed on the Trent, sent three steam-frigates to the Inland of Cuba to escort, until new orders, the steamer which plies between the Ravannah and St. Thomas." "It appears," says La Patric, " that informa tion has been reoeived at Washington by the American government that important personages of the Southern States were continually taking that route, and that the expedition of the Ban Jacinto would be renewed. To prevent such a repetition Admiral Milue sent the frigates in question." La Patric, commenting upon this affair, in an article signed by M. Cucheval de Clarigny, says : The pretext that KM. Mason and Slidell were seised as "contraband of war" could only be admitted If the envoys of the South had washed to make use of the Trent to introduce arms or ammunition into America ; but they were, on the contrary, leaving America for Europe, and there were no OM= on board the steamer. The swientries or agente of a government have never been regarded as "contraband of war." Consequently, there bas been • manifest violation of the English Bag, and it is to be feared that it was ordered by the Cabinet at Washington in its desire to seise, at all risks, the despatches of which the envoys of the South were the bearers. Under any circumstances, the British government can not dispense with exacting as a reparation the dismiaael of the officers of the San Jacinto, the liberation of the passen gers taken from the Trent, and an ildemnity for them, Will the cabinet at Washington be able to make all there concessions in fine of the state of '•citation "i which the peer of the North keeps the population against England? It is, therefore, to be feared that complications of the most serious nature may arise between England and the United States, and we perfectly underatand the impression the BOWS produced on the London Block Exchange. Reinforce meets for Canada were already in formation, and they have bees ordered by the English government to sa" forth with. The Constittitionnel says : The angst of en English mail steamer by an American vessel of war is so senorita fact, that we may be justified in believing that the officer who committed the act did so upon his own responsibility, or that, if he was obeying instructions from the cabinet of Washington, the latter had not sufficiently weighed the consequences. In either case we hope that the American government will make a reparation sod satisfy the claims of England. We count upon it doing so in its own interests, which have always served as a guide to its policy. In fret, it is impossible that the Americans should not understand how irregular is the arrest of MM. Slidell end Mason on board the Trent ; how contrary it is to the law of nations ; and bow prejudicial the consequences of this act would bs to themselves. It would be the °melioration of the "right of search," against which they have always protested, and which was one of the chief omega d She war they themselves waged with England in 1812—a right of search exercised not only on commercial vessels but on ships of war, for the nail steamers are royal vowels, having on board a Routs. cant of the Royal Navy, and their odious wear the net. form of the British Navy. - By declaring contraband of war simple gnawers wite or without a diplomatic mission the Americans strike a mortal blow against the privileges of neutral States, which it is to their interest more than anyone else to me re spected. The Opinion Nationale says : We perfectly understand the deep sensation this event has caused iu London ; for if the French flag had received such an insult the whole country would have risen u use man to demand striking satisfaction. We have, in fact, always proclaimed respect for a neutral hag, and the national dignity would invincibly make us exact from others the same 'aspect we should pay to them. We must, however, admit that the question is not quite so simple as regards England. Great Britain hes always been opposed to the ' rights of neutrals, and if in 1856 she made a concession from her old principles, it wee solely because she toned an ample compensation in the abolition of letters of marque. England, as regards Dentrah, is folly bound towards us and all the powers that adhered to the convention of the 15th of April, 1856. But the United States were not of the number. The Washington Cabinet refused to admit the new maxims proclaimed by the P►ris Congress, because the Western governments would not go the whole length in the path of commercial liberty by decreeing the complete emancipation of trading viands in time of war. It results from this double situation that England and the United States have remained, in their reciprocal rola - Buns, under the empire of the ancient maritime law. POLAND. The Brea/au Gazette contains the following letter from the Polish frontier : Throughout the kingdom war is being made on the tele- Nam '29.2V &mamma 29.351 Gum j111.331 IUWIO& 129.32• AILDROSIAB ,ea.ss PORTRObiI 213.22' 3 / 1 12L14 .20.79 GALWAY • IIoARBOIMION 42111 (41111111.003. Vataarru gozuvrome .• • 211.71 LOND011!?Dill Dorn 81 P 011.111100311 19.87' PearLuso PLIMOCITII ? V.75' 29.86. 5.1.4. B. LW. W.R.W. LW. S.W. LW. &W. LW. LW. LW. B.W. LW. B.S.W. EXPLANATION. B.—Barometer corrected and reduced to 32 deg. at mean ma level each 10 feet, of vertical rise, causing about one-hundredth of an Inch diminution : end each 10 deg., above 32 deg., causing nearly three-hundredths increase. E.—Exposed thermometer in shade. M.—Moistened bulb (foe evaporation and dew point). I.l.—DirecUon of wind (tnie—two points kit of mag netic). 11 . .—Force (1 to 111—esUrnatod). C.—Cloud (I Co 9). I.— Initials b, blue sky :c. clouds (detached) ; f, fog ; h, hall lightning; m, misty (ham) ; o, overcast (dell) : r. rein s, MOW t. thunder. B.—beis disturbance (1 M 9). E.—Cahn. PONTIOVI TO TIOII IMPORT. TIOZADIA 11110111 MONDAY. 'N. Britain—N.W. to SAW.— &S.W. to W. and N.W.— &rout, some rola. Strong, with rain, to a gait. Irtland—N.N.W. to IL—Motto. 8. to N.W.—Stintlar. rate to strong, and rainy, Coast—N. W. to S.W. and 8. to W.N.W.—Strong. Ms/. B.S.L—Fresh to strong, with rain. & Nnland—& to N.W. and S. 8.8. W. to N.W.—Gale, rainy, —From moderato sod Sue to then fresh and clear. • gale, with rain. graph, and long pieces of wire are carried off. During the i m s I Admiralty orders were received at Chatham yea h,/ days some 600 feet have been stolen from the line be. Malay dine:tins the Resolute, one of the Arctic exploring tweed Warsaw and the Prussian frontier, and lamely s , ships, which, after being abandoned, was discovered and pro. the damage repaired at one Point when it is renewed : seated to the Admiralty by the United States Government, at another ; so that it hu been resolved at last to have I to be fitted as • naval trannpmt, to WE , the Place of the the wine watched by military patrols. It appears i Diligence. The Resolute, on being received from the Ameri. certain that a movement is contemplated ia the approaching save itoreramont, wee dismantled in Chatham harbour, spring, for considerable depots of arms are famed as where she has over Man bees lying in ordinary. various places. The other day a young wan who was The Nationalible states that the Abbd Pomaglis travelling as a merchant between KOlllllO sad Wanaw, has boos appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at the took to the latter city five waggons lades, as he maid, Uaiversity of Turin, in the place of Profaner Beni, elected with atereimadire. It was found that the.. magas won reporter to the Council of State. ITALY. It is confidently Mated that the /Log of Italy is about to pay a visit to Naples. A delay in his journey is caused by the approaching visit of Prince Oscar of Sweden. It appears that on the day of the re-opening of the Italian Chamber, the deputy Duko Proto read some lines announcing that he wished to use the right of initiative to bring forward a scheme for removing the misfortunes of the Nea politan provinces. No one paid any attention to this announcement, but a few days ago his scheme was read in the bureaux of the Chamber, and never has there been a greater storm in the private sittings of parliament. The proposition of the Deputy Proto was no less than the detachment from the kingdom of Italy of Naples and Sicily in order to restore Francis IL ! K Ratarai interfered to prevent the affair from going any further. He suppressed all the papers connected with the proposition, and induced Duke Proto to give in his resignation. The fact has become known, however, through the indiscretion of one of the employes of the Chamber, and is instanced by some of the continental journals as a proof of a liberty which even the adversaries of Italian unity enjoy. (armies al:Liman.) TURIN, Nov. 28, Evramo. A bill for the temporary occupation of the con vents by the military was brought forward to-day in the Senate. Urgency was demanded for the passing of this bill, as it will shortly be necessary to provide lodg ing for 93,000 recruits. Baron Ricasoli stated in the Senate that the relations between Italy and France continue to be of the most cordial nature. He said also that the accounts of brigandage in the Neapolitan provinces were exaggerated ; that the number of brigands in 'thelßasilicata does not exceed 250, and that a rein forcement of 2,000 carabiniers would shortly be despatched into that province. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY. The Jura has ai_ived here. A telegram from Boston states that the collector at that port had received ;nstructions from Wash ' ington to stop the export of saltpetre and gun powder. Colonel Cochnme'a speech, urging the arming of the uegroea, was moat violent in tone. INDIA. BOMBAY, Nov. 12. (By Telegraph direct from AlemodrM) Lord Canning is about to extend the system of permanent settlement to the north-west provinces. Disturbances have taken place at Nortgong.(l) (This telegram left Alexandria at 5 p.m. on the 23th inst., land arrived in London at 10.30 a.m. today (the 29th). j REQUIEM SERVICE FOR THE LATE KING OP PORTUGAL. Yesterday a requiem service attended with great pomp was odebratA. for his late Majesty the King of ror tugel in the French Chapel, Kingstreet, Portman-square. The ;dispel was &mated vdth all the emblems of mourn ing, and in the centre was • g canopy, under which the coffin was placed,covered wit • black velvet pall, richly embroidered with silver. The gallery facing the altar was, for this occasion, devoted to the use of the ex.royal family of France : and was hung with black cloth draperies, em blazoned with shields bearing the Dime of Dom Pedro V. Behind the altar were black hangings, having embroidered thereon the arms of Portugal. On the left ads of the altar was • throne covered with a lofty canopy, embroidered with silver, for his eminence Cardinal Wiseman, who presided at the service. Seats for the diplomatic body were placed down the nave, those for the ambassadors being on the left side, and those for their attachés on the right. A crown, • sword, and • sceptre were displayed, and over these insignia of royalty hung the flag of Portugal. Wax lights in splendid silver candelabra were placed round the coffin. On the altar were six large gilt candelabra, and numerous wax lights burned in branches along the walls. His Royal Highness the Duke de Nemours and their Royal Highnesses the Doke and Duchess d'Aumale, with several of their children and • numerous suite, arrived about 11 o'clock. Their royal highnesses were attired in deep mourning. The foreign ministers present included Count Flahault, the French Am bassador; Count Apponyi, the Austrian Minister; the Belgian Minister, the Bavarian Minister. ,the Minister for Italy, the Brazilian Minister, the Minister for Sweden and Norway, the Spanish Minister, the Minister for Turkey, the Minister for Portugal, and the Charge d'Affaires of Prussia. A staff of attaches accompanied each of their excellencies, and the diplomatic corps, wearing their stars, medals, and other decorations. Cardinal Wiseman wore the robe of • cardinal-archbishop, and was attended by Monsignor aerie and Canon Hunt. The high mass was sun by Bishop Morrie, two priests acting as deacon and au . The music, which was very impressive, consisted of Mosert's Requiem Mass, sung by a numerous choir, presided over by M. Lezonipte, Mr. Hayden Harrison playing the organ. After the high male prayers were said by the Cardinal, standing at the head of the coffin, and wearing a mitre. The proceedings were conducted with great solemnity, and a number of distinguished foreigners were present, in addition to the ambassadors. 1 WEATHER REPORT.-(THR3 DAY.) YAIDAT, NORMS 11, A A.ll. TRUST AND LOAN COMPANY ol? UPPER CANADA.—(THIS DAY.) This afternoon an extraordinary meeting of shareholdersysa held at the offices, Mwrgate•■tteet, fur the purpose of declaring a dividend, Mr. E. P. BOLA ERIE, M.P., 111 the chair. . . The following report of the directors was real and adopted : " The director beg to submit to the proprietorsthe follow ing report and statement of accounts for the six months ending the 30th of September last. The net profits during that period amount to 14,6961. ls. 3d., which, added to the sum brought forward from March, gives a balance at credit of revenue of 14,763/. 15s. 6d. It is recommended that out of this balance a dividend at the rate of Si per cent. per annum, less income tar, be declared on the peal-up capital stock of the company ; that one-half of the surplus profits over 6 per cent. per annum, and the usual charge for inte rest, amounting together to 3,647/. 13s. BtL, be carried to the reserve fund, in accordance with the royal charter of in corporation ; and that 2501. be applied to the redemption of preliminary expenses. There will then reason the sum of 411. Is. 10d. to the credit of the next half-year's accounts, and the sum of 37,293/. 15a. 4d. to the credit of the reserve fund. The directors again con. gratulate their shareholders on the success which has at tended the company's operations during the past half-year. They continue to receive from their commissioners encou raging reports of the marked improvement in the position of the agricultural interest in both sections of the province, and they have every reason to believe that the prosperity of this important class will cot be prejudiced by the deplorable events which have produced the present crisis in the United States." EASTERN BENGAL RAILWAY.—(THIS DAY.) The half-yearly half-yearly meeting of the proprietors was held at the offices, 24a, Gresham-street; Mr. JOHN FAR LETLISITH in the chair. _ The report, which had been previously published, having been taken as read, . . . The CHAIRMAN; in moving its adoption, congratulated the meeting on the satisfactory nature of the report, both as regarded the past and the future. The future could, of course, be only anticipated, but the favourable expectations of the chief engineer. Mr. Pardon, appeared to be well founded. He (the chairman) and his colleagues still thought that if any line of railway in India would pay, theirs must, on amount of he local advantages. Notwithstanding the floods no injury had been done to the line, the arrangements made to prevent injury having fully answered the pur pose. He then read an extract from an letter front India in support of this statement. Great progress bad been made with the works during the last half-year, and In all probability the line would be ready for opening in about six or seven months from the date of the directorereport (the 26th of Sept.). The arrears of calls were very trilling. There were only in this four rs oountry and eight io India. ab out 3,20:11. defau lte egate expen:- tun at horns and in India was about - 3,2031. a mont d h, which left a Inhume of about :10,CrJ01. in hand. Shin the last meeting debentures had been inroad under the authority of the shareholders, and up to that time the board had realised 50,C301., while applications were still coming in. He believed the scheme of Lord Oanning for selling waste lands and redeeming the land tax would prove highly advantageous to India. Mr. HENDERBON seconded the motion, which, after a brief discussion, was unanimously adopted. The retiring directors were re-elected, and Mr. Fletcher was appointed to the newt suditorship. A resolution for converting the paid-up shares into stock was proposed and agreed to, and the usual vote of thanks concluded the bitilineen. THE FIRST TRIP ON THE METROPOLITAN aiiiriii (From the City Prett.) On Thursday last a large party assembled by in vitation at the Great Western Hotel, for the first trip— purely experimental —on the Metropolitan Railway. The petty started sow after twelve, aceenpuied by the chair man of the company, Mr. Wilkinson, and several members of the directory, sad of the Markets Improvement Com mittee of the Corporation. The trial trip was divided into several separate Journeys, and the first was front the Great Western to the site of the Chapel-street station, Paddingtoa. This was the most important of all, be cause it afforded as opportunity of testing the merits of the locomotive engine invented expressly for this traffic by the company's engineer, Mr. Fowler. It I. a matter of profound imparts/me to the public, that in the coo struction of an underground railway it was essentially necessary to construct underground engines. Seieece keeps pica with the demands upon her, and, as the ordinary locomotives were prorounmid unfit for this pecuhar traffic, the burden was thrown epos Mr. Fowler of providing engines capable of accomplishing the journeys, without producing either smoke or steam. Accordingly, the first part of the trial trip was as much to test the merits of the new engine, as the novel form of roadway ; and it is our bounden duty to state that the comfort of pap seaters by this railway has been secured in good time, and most effectually. Mr. Fowler's Monition consists in shutting o ff all escape of steam the moment an engine enters a tunnel ; at the same time the escape of smoke is rendered impossible, not merely by the consumption of smoke, but by its non-produotion. the fire being damped out, and progress through the tunnel being accomplished by means of conserved foroe—that is, of steam saved up for the purpose; none being generated on the spot in tranzits. But the directors were not satisfied with an example of the new method of working the traffic through tunnels without smoke andsteam, they must needs take the visitors back, and allow them to compare old and new methods : the engine, in this second journey vomiting all the smoke and steam it pre duced, and leaving the company to judge by ex perience as to the value of the invention of Mr. Fowler. There wasnot a shadow of doubt remaining, that Mr. Fowler had &oomph/had an engineering triumph essential to the success of the Metro politan Railway as a medium of public traffic. The next journey was from Church-street to the baths and wash houses, accomplished oo foot, in the dreary tunnel under the New-road. Though performed under du. advantageous circumstances, it was evident to an, that when opened for public traffic, this will be a cheer. ful not a gloomy or sepulchral railway. The line is lighted with gas; it is remarkably dry ; the atmosphere is sweet and wholesome ; there are numerous ventilating shafts, and the temperature will be needy uniform all the year round, the average being about GU deg„ which is the most comfortable, alike to the invalid and the healthy. ' After emerging to the daylight, the party again diet-aided at Marylebone Workhouse, and traversed ou foot the route to Trinity Church, through a nines of the London clay, fearfully forbidding in its character, compared with the sand and gravel of the districts lying farther west. After ascending and descending ladders placed almost per pendicular, the party again encountered the temporary hor rors of the subterranean regions, and again pursued their way over sand-hills, heaps of gravel, and through sloughs of mud, to Eustonequare, where they once more made ac quaintance with the welcome daylight. Oooe more the dement was made near Gower-street, and there another engine was stationed to convey the visitors forward, and the party halted next at Euston-square, where they were transferred to daylight by means of the " lift " used for the removal of soil for the subway. There was yet another journey, and that the must interesting of all; namely, from Rastas-square to the terminus of the Great Northern, at Kings-case. The ponderous engine of the outracton carried the train of extemporised passenger. waggons far into Clerkenwell, then brought them beck, and, by memos of the single line of rails, carried than fairly to the platform of the Great Northers, Railway, where the trial trip ended, the whole party being satisfied that the difficulties of subway transit had been overcome by the combined energies of Mr. Fowler and the contractors, Messrs. Smith and Knight and Mr. Jay, and that a moderate exercise of patience would suffice to prove that the undertaking was based on soul principles, and would prove hereafter a great and a lasting triumph. The company assembled at the close of the day's business at the Great Northern Hotel, when an excellent repast was prepared. Mr. Wilkinson, the Chairman of the Company. proposed only two tosse the first was, " The Queen ;" the second, "The Markets Improvement Committee of the Corporation," coupled with the name of Mr. Lowman Taylor, who briefly responded. The party continued to divots the interesting questiou arising out of the first trial trip on the Metropolitan Railway, long after the Chairman departed, Mr. H. W. Valiance occupying his place ; and it appeared to be the unanimous opinion that the undertaking would he suerr• fill far beyond the most sanguine expectations of its enrol supporters and promoters. The contractors. Messrs. Sufi and Knight, and Mr. Jay, were frequeutly and heat praised for their exertions ; and Mr. Henchman, the secretary, had full justice done him for his faithful ad• herence to the original programme of this much-trial sal now triumphant company. The Echo de Lod kie says :—" Considerable activity prevails in all the manufactories of the Herault, and II" working population are assured of finding continued wear , ' tion during the winter. That situation is owing to the orders given by the Minister of War, and by imNrtni purchases made by • bongo in Paris, wldch has en;sged furnish, in • comparatively short period, au congeal quantity of complete uniforms for the American troore. the blue cloth and great coats which remained on hand ks' been taken, and considerable orders for mere have bee' already given, or are shortly promised to the manufaturto in that part of the country." The Temps publishes the following extraordinarY statement :—" Much has been said for the last two days I a drama, of which an aristocratic religious boardingrekM in the Faubourg St. Germain was the theatre. Two yoof ladies were playing during the hours of recreation, wbe' one struck the other in the face and knocked out one of IR! ern. Her family where immediately apprised of the sr"' dent. The father came to the school, and after ocelot bs daughter he asked to see the young lady who bid stro 4 her. She Game, when he drew a pistol from Utlalf . cloak and Arad into her f ac e. The nnfmtunate girl 3k , dreadfully wounded that if she recover she will be disfielm for life." ~Pri on &rained t delient A yout while wa loud exe It procea the batik herself it and kept to her um station, a Joseph passing al the cries after son off the w The pr what oh " Nothin Her m( entered t good a he could wia iteptithe had beer than ma Mr. Ell et her's? - . The 1.1( with • yo to him • Hr. Ell eee what i The pri Charlea burg item with havi featured t Mr. Th said that 3 the river' ship, whic planner k and asked He replied bulky abeu eaveudish to duty. In upset been three Asst time h Mr. Rini been emp steamers, I detected *- - Cji Mr. Ini guineas, E three timed default of Thomns fellow. dew before Mr. Waring Wil Whiteehap The deo last he ace White Hai The prisons and the p deal of veto Their pavii each other rose from at the deem brother, I Wands ,e Hari have no Ile needed in ye who was the prism was going a when Made out and nett retuned, en Mak Thi and attack into threw the bystanders and rained walk, sad V !►I kin the nea lust the 14; •ever •tron ••nit; avow tetwi gbe • te•bt eotert bad rr but d Mr. (stint sides I come pable any i to exe &betel] A um PR, WIL 1100013 d, Sarah