The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-03 00:00:00

ght Orprtg4o. OUTGOING MAILS. The malls for Modem. t►e Brasil.. and Buenos Apree,will le made •py ea tomorrow seenieg, Jae 4. The nails icr Lisboa, Spina, aad Gibraltar will be made sp is Jas. I. The soils rid Marseilles, te the Mediterranean, Egypt, Cryles. I,dia. Hong-Kong, tr., will be wade up is the weals, of Jan. 7. The mails for British North Amnia sad the United States will be amide up ea the *veins, of Jan 11. Tilie West lathe Malls, 'whittle, Bermuda. Havansah. Maimen, H,•.dares, New Orleans, sod Mesita, sad 'winding those for Madeira, St. Jaaa•de-Nieseseua, New Gresede, CllO4 end Perti.will be node up ea Jaa. 17. The mails for Gibraltar, Malts, Orme, the Isaias blends, Ceylon, India, sad Chios. via Southemptems, will ha 11 as the main Mien. 19. rtor ITATIrIi AT LONDON 141111101. 1).-1110ndag. A11...«.. Ib. Mo. 41.14 a. if Mmes. I L aeon. LONDON, THURSDAY, JANI'ART 3. IT is painful to KO how easy it is to misrepresent and malign the character and feelings of a nation. When we reflect that at this moment the opinions en tertained all round the Mediterranean of the spirit and generosi'y of Englishmen are drawn bet to) natu rally from the mean and coward cruelty of an OPFER PALL, and from the dt•um-bead butcheries and floggings of a WARD, the di-graceful brand thus affixed on the British character by the vilest cf its renegade sons Is almost too intolerable to bear. When we add to this, that durirg the memorable years in which the most oppressed and long enslaved countries of central Europe rose to shake off their fetters, the sym?athies of the most accredited and successful organs of the English press were enlisted all along in favour of tyranny, of military repression and executions, what is Europa to think of us ? Must it tot think that, free ourseivesi, we grudge freedom to every other people; and the even in straggles the most akin to those which Englishmen went through, the approbation of English writers in the nine teenth century is cot for the Ressetts or the HARI , DitNS, but fur the JEYFRIEs and the Sr afieroans of ? th l day f such unworthy denials of the best qualities of Englishmen, are to be excused by the prevalence of panic, and by the aversion which every commercially developed community enterains of disorder, how are we to account for the rancour which pursues the fallen cause, the foul calumnies gathered from the vile sinks of the police, to be pelted at the head of the patriots in exile and distress? We do not tbick that there is to be found in the annals of any press, much less of the English, an ex ample of viLdiriveness so ungenerous, calumnies so personal and so foul, slander so wanton, and rancour fro unmanly, as that which has calked the com munications of the Times from Vienna, and which has even crept into the leading articles of that ournal, respe3.ting the unfortunate members of the Hungarian emigration. We have heard of the Satirist, and tt,e penalties to which its editor was sub- *led for speculating in attacks on private character. iVe hear now and then much virtuous indignation against the licence and personalities of the American press. Bat we declare never to have met in either cr any of these organs the scurrility and slanders with which KOSSUTH has been assailed in the columns of the Times, and not only Roast - tit, but young and innocent females a the most Toth so life and repu tation, who were merely guilty of the crime of flying from the whip of the Austrian executioner. It is plain enough that the Austrian military police, baulked of its prey, and unable to have the satisfac tion of tying up Madame DEMBINSKI to the triangle in order to administer to a young creature of eighteen Dome hundred lashes—this police cons:les itself for the disappointment by raking up the most infamous lies through its agents, and pouring them forth upon the English public, through the credulous and sallied columns of the Times. The well-known author of the " Revelations of Russia," however, in his letter published in our columns un the Ist of January, has done justice by these calumnies. It was icarcely to be expected by the writer who slandered Kossetu from the Danube and (rem Vienna, that an ete•witness of all that in these regions would be here is Lyndon. E as tel ed fortune enabled m at once to give a refutation of his calumnies. With respect to the other stories that the Austrian police have raked up for him out of their archives against KOSiCill, we, of coor•e, cannot be prep ,red with such a specific onset r. Bat they are sufficiently refuted by the high character which . KOS3VIII tore, not only with the public and popular party, bat with the Hunger an magnates, who oft-times pommel to endow him with fortune and e.tatee, offers which Kosacut invariably refused. Aker a long and unchecked control over the resources of so rich a country as Hungary, with millions sterling at his disposal KOIIIICTH has retired Fermi lees from the land ; and the chests of treasure with which the caterers fur the antes supplied him have dwindled, by the testimony of an Englishman who aoccompanied his flight, into a pair of saddle-bags ! The name and the shade of Ko-tuTu, however, still dimpilets Austrian tyranny • and well it =m acs scrap of the President's h a ndwriting is obey ed like a sacred Finnan at this moment thr ou gh ou t un guy, and even hi. paper money, though it be felony to ke it, is still bought up by the Jews tor reselling to the Magyars. The aim of Ans•ria is, however, to injure by cal irony a character whos.• greatness and parity they dread; and we blush to find an Engli s h journal making heel even unwittingly in this, the estspaw of the vilest motives of the vilest men. Of Konst: cu cue character and Kos: Till's greatness there can be but one opinion. If ever an individual's asap was legitimately identified with a nation's cause, it I. Kossertt's. We sly thiseven without reference to the ise,ation in which the gallows and platoon have b' him. It wee undeniably his sagacity which fore warned, his eloquence which roused. his administra tive energy and financial genius, which organised and the Hungarian people for a struggle wherein prepared t i tn i i r rtersally alWwed that, but for Russian inter viatica and GollAnfe treachery, the empire of the HAI ant Kos mist have crumbled. Ws have no wish to deny that notwithstanding his mgreeat qualities and vast popularity, Ko,strrit has his detractor, and his heits. A perty organised by Cleaner amongst the officers of the army, and whose aim was military ink, had been schooled systemati cally to depreciate him as a " mere poet." Some of the great magnates, hurt at his elevatioa, and selfishly averse to change■ which abased their feudal pre-eminecce, continue opposed to him in mis fortune as th.y were adverse in success. A portion of the provincial nubility of Transylvania, lees clear sighted than their brother nobles, and who fatally de ferred till the autumn that emancipation from socage elsewhere carried out in the spring, are still too pre judiced to pardon nim the sweeping character of his reforms: and huitly, there are not wanting thou who in the bitterness of failure lea sight of all that he achieved for Hungary in the contemplation of what be failed to do. These reproach him with the extent of his concee sions,vr Ali his rupture with the hwiss of HA Pd BU no,with hie unwillingness to punish, and his weakness towards Gottoxx ; and it is nut to be denied that there is much truth in the last of these allegations. lint even if we assume them all, there is nothing to justify the scur rility of the Austrian organs, and of those " els iff.niers" of our own press who pander to the wishes of the Austrian cabinet. There is no charge with the shadow of foundation which points at anything mean or little in his character. liis very faults are mis placed virtues, adding more to his private worth than din detract from his public reputation; and taken all an all, be still remains the glorious impersonation of a mighty struggle, the incarnation of a heroic nationality and of a generous cattle. These, it will be said, are opinisna—let us pass to facts. It is un deniable that with the majority of the once privileged dame, and with the masses of his countrymen, ICOSSUTiI has *till unbounded popularity and uninjured credit. The nobles cannot forget that the reforms carried by his eloquence, averted the repeti tion of the Gallician massacres which Austria was preparieF in Iltrgary, end converted into den voted allies the bondsmen who* exterminatiog wrath she sought to kindle. They cannot forget th it, in consequence, the magnate and the vassal, the peasant and esquire, instead of being arrayed against each other, have p.rishtd on the name scaffold, and Mid side by side on the same &Id. The mssw s gratc hilly remember that to his exertions they owed the substantial benefit. of csmpetence and freedom, and bath all now to mind the prophetic nature of his warnings, to lament having respoodeitoo tardily to his appeals. In addition to the endeavours to asperse the cha racter of the lee Presichut-Clovernoe by evert injuri ous invention which malignity could 4evise, it hes been a chief point in the policy of the Austr.)-Rus elan organs to exculpate MAGEE, and render Ciiia oxY's exculpation KOSSUTH'S condemnation. We mast take this opportunity of setting at rest ones for all the question of CIiAGET'S innocence or premeditated treason. Our readers must know then that on the 10th of August, a Russian female diplomatist of celebrity, announced openly in Loudon that the Hungarian cause was lost, because the Em ersr (of Russia) was Sure of GAGRY. °CAGEY'S grayowsd negotiation for surrender only took place on the 13th, so that from seven to ten days previously his understanding with the Russians must at least have dated. Furthermore, there is in existence a cir cular addressed by Prince WITTGENSTEIN to the Prussian legations advancing about the mme period the same fact; a document which we shall take an opportunity to lay before our readers. Tim effect of the paper duty is pretty conclusively shown by the diminution of the number of manufac turers engaged in the trade. In the year 1801 there were 413 paper-makers in England alone. In 1845 there were only 381 in England, and in Great Britain only 473. But here is a statistical table showing the decline of the trade under the influence of Excise res:rictiocs. No. of paper mills. Boitl9nd.Great Britain. 1821 1831 1845 So that in the twelve years during which, more than at any other time, literature nn.y be supposed to have progressed the most, the number of paper maki rs in England have actually been reduced by more than one-ihird. It has been said by some that the am= •t of the paper duty is so small, that it is mutely felt in the cost price of any b:ok we putehase. A dictionary, for instat.ce, that weighs a pound, end costs 12s. or 145., only pays . • paper duty of • penny halfpenny. But this is a very delusive way of looking at the effect of this duty. A publisher lull w(11 knows that so capricious is the public taste in books, that of all the new works issued from the press not mo,e than a fourth ever pay the cost of their produc tion. Inasmuch, however, as the paper duty is paid at the time of purchasing the paper, the amount of that duty upon unprofitable works is irredeemably lost. The publisher endeavours to compensate himself for such loss by placing an enhanced pries upon successful books. The public, accordingly, pay not only the duty up:n the paper consumed in the books they purchase, but the duty upon paper need in printing four or five different books which they do not purchase. What is the state of the book trade in England ? Every publisher will tell you that, for a long time past, it has been absolutely stagnant. Here are a few statistics of new publications and reprints culled from the veritable pages of MACCULLOCII:— _ Nirw Works. Reprints. Total. 1839 1840 1841 1842 Since 18-12 the production of new works has still farther diminished. The cause of this is certainly not a diminution in the public taste for reading : at lent, if it is, the Education Commissior.era are in no way to be trusted. We must look for the cause rather in the cost attending the production of books, and the ca;ital consequently lequtred to bring them before the world, and au element of this cost is u.idoulmdly the ob noxious duty the Excise impose on paper. We talk of foreign piracies, and complain that English works are reprinted at cheap rates in Paris and in New York, and abuse GALIGNANI and CAREY for producing, for next to nothing, books which in England are paid for from the gold end of the purse. True, theee republications are an hardship upon our authors, who profit in no way by the piratical publication.. But what is it that in daces these piracies? Price. And what creates the price ? Taxation. Why, in an edition of flee hun dred of even a hill-priced octavo volume the duty pod to !government is shown by Mr. MACCULLOCII to within a few shillings as mach as the whole profit to author and publisher, when every copy of the work is sold ! The profit on the sale of .500 copes, when everything is paid, amounts to no more loan 16!. 18s. The duties are as follow : 1.7p0n paper „ materials used in boarding Ol3 G ~ advertising £l5 11 6 And this only the btrc charge, the addi•ional expense resulting from the monopoly, &v., which the system fasten, not being taken into consideration. Under the it,fluetce a the Ex:ise law, the export trace of books and stationery is, and must be, a de diming trade. Here is an account which proves it : ZIPORTS 07 NJOILII AND bTATIONIKY. Books, value. tkationery, value. 1538 1540 1844 With respect to books we know the sort of com petition to which the British publisher is subjected. With regard to stationery the facts ere not so generally appreciated. But we b:lieve it to be a well authenticated fact that the paper-makers of Freuce sappily by far the greater part of the paper which is used in the British colonies, and especially in the East and West Indies, and that they have a habit of copying even the very labels—the sacred hieroglyphics —of our b!essed Excise, in order to make their com modities pass as a veritable home production. The duty upon paper, it ;8 said, is small. Is it mall? Upon by far the greater proportion of the paper manufactured it amounts to 50vr cent. ups. the price. And this paper which pays 50 per cent.' duty is the paper, be it remembered, that is most used for purposes of trade. In France, Belgium, Ger many, and America, manufacturers can pack their goods for exportation in untaxed paper at one-half the coat which is paid for packing paper by exporters in Great Britain. Every one who has undone a French package will have observed the great quantity ',paper used in it. First a layer of paper shavings, *ea some folds of stout packing paper, then a quan tity of ti-sue papers, and if the article is delicate more paper shavings and tissue paper, to an extent which in England would make up a frightful item in the cost of packing. Even uron boo-boos the paper duty has its influence, and gives to the French menu. facturer an advantage which we in England covet. We are assured by those who know the paper making trade, that maltifarioua experiments in the use of materials and their adaptation to &variety of use ful purposes are at present entirely prevented by the operation of this tax. The Excise have removed the legal restriction by which the manufacturer was com pelled to use old rope ; but in effect the old rope limitation still exists, and so long as enterprise is checked by the operation of this Excise duty, so long the hands of the manufacturer will continue to be tied with the old rope of the Excise. "Paper," say. Sir HENRY PARNELL, " carries the productions of the human mind over the whole world, and may be truly called the raw material of every kind of science and art, and of all social improve men's." The tax upon this "raw material of science and art " was first imposed by an act of Queen ANNE, which recites ass. reason for it, " the necessity of raising large supplies of money to carry on the war." May it be one of the glorits of the peaceful reign of VICTORIA to repeal this war tax of her last female predezeseor. FRANCE. PARIS, iFfsaitssixav, 5.30 r.w There is no potitiesl news to give this evening. The commtnes are still occupied on the La Plata question, but in the Chamber it did sot come on for debate to day ; a law relative to contumacious prisoners omen pied the dosing attention of the Legislative Assembly; and after its adoptimi the Assembly distassed the law relative to primary instructors, the urgency of which was not adopted. The members came is small numbs a wished each other the compliments of the seams, and seemed to ask themselves, " Where shall we be next year r The only rumour current in the passages was that Jerome Bonaparte, governor of the Invalidee, has been made a marshal of France. The poet of receiver-general of the department de Nord, which, since the death of M. Dame, the fa ther-in-law of M. Thies, had not been filled up, hat just been given to M. Gailhera, receiveir-general of Finisterre. M. de Lamartios is expected this week at his resi donee in Paris. His health being improved, he will soon, it is said, resume his place i n the Legislative Assembly. It is supposed that the mode to be adopted in the affair of Monte Video will be the enrolment of the men of the disbanded mobile guard, to form an auxi liary force destined to act in case Rotas refuses to negotiate. M. Pacheco y Obee, the Monte Videan en voy here, has addressed a memorandum in this tense to M. Dupla. The Patric of yesterday evening says kern that several members of the minority who voted yes terday against the amendment of M. de Rance, are disposed to demand to-morrow, at the opening of the sitting, that the ballot shall be annulled.' The President of the Republic, on Monday and yes terday, received at the Elysee the complimentary elate, in honour of the new year, of the diplomatic body, the clergy, the magistracy, &c., in the follow ing succession : The foreign ambusaora and minis ters ; the Archbishop of Paris, and the clergy ; the ministers, the marshals of France, and the Grand Commoner of the Legion of Honour; the deputations of the Coar des Comptes, and the different law courts; the councils of the University and the Insti tute, and the Council of State; the Prefects of the Seine and police, the municipal council, the sub-pre fects and mayors, &c.; the deputations of the Tribu nal of Commerce, the Chamber of Notaries, and other corporate bailee; and the officers of the army and na tional guards. Nearly the whole of the officers of the national guards paid their respects to the President of the Republic on this occasion. The national guard of Paris, in February, 1848, was 58,000 strong ; whilst under the provisio- al government it was increased to 241,881. At present the number is not more than 100,383. The effective strength, therefore, is now greater by 42,000 than it was under the monarchy, but inferior by more than 141,000 to that existing emcee the provisional govern. ment. The average proportion of national guards, as compared to the population, is 1 to 91. 'I he expense occasioned by this force stands in the budget of the city of Paris for 1850 at 1,081,124 fr. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1850• BOL'ILISE. -- PARIS, Jan. 2. Far For Amount. Money. Opening Illibeet. Lowest. Clods, --- Spar Crate. ....... 36 70 36 60 36 73 SC 30 DI CO 3 par Cents.. 3 do. Neer Lain_ „ " " " " ej per Cents. . . 4 per Cents 72 13 , " .. . r ...a...2seure on broom: 34 gm, .3 43' A day; 21 US Ileleris; 1, 14 Id De. 3, 1642 Do. Do. 3 411 „ flank Sha _Bonus—Paria and 04eNne, 793 • and Room 337 60; Rou,n ; imam+, ; and Havre, 240; Strasbourg nad Basle, 116 ; Untre (I'ier4on), 312 30; Wean@ and Bordeaux, 101 ;5; Northern, 4'•5; Parts and Sirsabourg. 237 30; Torus and Nuntev, 275; M,ntere-au and Troy, —; St. Germain, 4:0; Avignon and Mars( Ole+, —; Dieppe and Iscamp, 180. ITALY. SARDINIA.—The Risorgimento of Turin publishes a 1-33 -al decree of the 14th ult., approving of the union of the two banks of Genoa and Turin, under the tit e of National Balk. In the sitting of the 27th ult. of the Chamber of Deputies of Turin, the verification of the elections wit. continued. The elections Gf MM. Guil.o, Sussarello, and Serra were annulled, on account of their bciog gate-functionaries. Count Teience Jiamiani has addressed the following lett-r,dated Genoa, December 16, to the director of the Consighatore : Receive my sincerest thanks for the lot rest you and your friends have taken in my electim. I thought I ha,: given suffici. at proofs of the mode ration of my opinion to spare the ministry any a , kitty on the ground of my election to puliament ; it appears I was mistaken. Banished ham Rome, excluded horn the Piedmontese representation, I should hav3 no ambition or desire save that of returning to my dear studies, and of ending my d Is in repose and man q.iillity, it I saw the liberty of this country safe. As usual, I have neither sought nor solicited the honour of be:rg deputy ; he bug; es of the electors have been spontanemely given to me, and I should have M led in my duty had I re fused the opportunity of joining with thou• who share my opinions in upholding the statute, from which depends, as I firmly believe, the future fate of Italy." TUSCANY.—Tne Nazionak of Florence, of the 25th ult., mentions a cue of violation of territory committed by some Papal soldi, re on the Tuscan frontier, near Lamone. A 'rumen peasant had cros-ed the frontier to shoot some game, but being surprised by seven Papal earabineer", he hastened back to his own territory. The carabineers having fired at him without effect, pursued him beyond the frontier, and repeatedly fired, but still without hittirg him. Not content with this violation, they searched the cottage del F.ume for the fugitive, and ill-treated the inhabi tants, and after committing the same outrages at the cottage of Vallone, retired to the Papal territory. GERMANY. Our correspondents at Vienna and Berlin write as follows: VIENNA, Dec 28. Palacky has just published in the .A'arrelny Noteino, the chief Slavonian organ of Prague, a long manifesto against the centralization principle emboditd in the octroyed constitution of March. The leader' of the Czech party does not confine him self to marshalling all the arguments within his reach against Austrian centralisation, but enters into a lucid statement of the principles of federalism, of which he is the known advocate. This cninposition seems destined to become the source of a polemical struggle between central and federal editors, which will give abundant stuff for leading articles, however little the state of Austria be thereby affected. Palacky has at least chosen a moment of dead silence to make himself heard, and appeal+ to the reason of his audience in a tone of the most dis passionate calmness. The Wiener-Zeffidny contains an announcement of the postage-fees to be paid for newspapers sent from any point to any point in the territory embraced by Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Bruns wick, Mecklenburg, Oldenburg, Bremen, Hamburg. If the newspapers are political, the postage is to be 50 per cent, of their price. If non-political, 23 per cent. No stamp is to be inflicted by the contracting governments through whose dominions the papers paw. The newZarrangiment is to come into operation on January 1, and the tariff is to appear shortly. A oorrespondint of the Wanderer from the mouth of the Mar represents that region as replete with all elements of disturbance. None of the lionveds who have returned home from Comoro have been left un molested by the imperialist authorities, as was stipu lated on the surrender of the fortress. On the contrary, the officers have been deprived of their swords without any compensation, and the privates A RELIC OF OLDEN Tiara. —A corres p on d en t have been forced into the ranks of the Austrian army. who boo bees paring his Christmas at the village of OM This violation of the treaty of capitulation is general as., Amindel, has made the futtiwing communication. for the rest throughout Hungary, wherever it can be About 8 u'eloalt on the evening of Christmas day one of safely committed. The lioava conceal themselves my friends came in and said, Y.,u will see a curious sight and take refuge in the woods, where they fall to-- in the orchard.' I thereupon went out, and iping in the ge ther into lawless bands, which will soon becom e direction specified, heard the sound of a n um b er o f voices.. politically dangerous, and, in the meantime, are Os entering the orchard I found a crowd of people, young sad old, dancing round • large apple tree and repeatieg a socially formidable. According to a liw made in rude chum, he words of which 1 maid not catch, but task 1741 Croatia was relieved from the obligation of purportbless this tree to V e ure of the MUM. ounrtering the military, either garrisoned or pasting May it flourish and bring forth abundantly, enough to fill . tAreualt that province. In Agram a spacious • hat, to fill • harlot, to Ail a cart, to • waggua, Me. ,„ ' - otirrack was built at the cost of the city, This was followed by rude uncouth seeping, and the same ceremony was palmated round every apple and pear tree as a grateful acknowledgment o f thi s pr i v il ege. in th- orchard. I did wi t %rave until ewer the. end of t).• But now the Croatians say that for one year e.renony, but in nine to he a wits, sof its ludicrous *and an d a half they have suffered the m o p e - me l on berbarow., at the not time a •lomo snot empreaslee r per- of this immunity , and were so long content under the billet, in conei;eration of torment*. I know 11.lt whether any of our Sussex iindsw clans have direct. os their attention to this ClifiCV.4 relic of bortheres laid on them by bygone superstition; but if not, this may lead. them iuu em to do the difficulties of the state and the extrdinary needs se."—Brighten Ouardien. of a time of war. But now they ere no further occa- sion for these troublesome guests and the confinement of, the soldisry to the barracks built expressly for them. These deemed, have been formally redeemd to a me morial by the citizens of Agram, and presented to the mayor, who communicated their remonstrances to the head military authority. Jelleehich is said to be ea exceeding ambiguous terms with the ministers: and I bear has intimated that if they persist in their present course he will resign his benship. His Majesty now grants private audience three times a week. The number of petitions is sometimes 100, which the Emperor answers individually. Once a week, very early . In the morning, be gives a public audience, which is open to all his subjects, without exception. BERLIN. Dao. 30. To-morrow we are to have another political process not 'rely unlike the more important trWi of this kind which - have already taken place. It is the trial of the shoemaker Mull, in whose house the statutes of the " Todtenbond" (death union) were found a year ago. The sanguinary tendencies of the statutes of this union whose motto is " Death to all kings," and the members of which were sworn to destroy all injurious persons, particularly king. and nob!es, formed part of the statement by which Manteuffel sought to frighten the former chambers. It is said that the forthcoming trial will prove that the whole union is a mere invention, caused by political motives similar to those of Ohm. The Lower Silesian Railway, from Frankfort on the Oder to Breslau, was so very unsuccessful in the course of last year, hat the treasury was called upon to advance a portion of the interest due upon the shame. The Minister of Trade says that tEe government, in consequence, possesses the right to work the line, as the laws of the com pany expressly provided that the management of the line shall be transferred to the go vernment whenever it has had to pay a cer tain portion of the dividends, which sum has really been advanced in the course of 1848. The Minister of Trade has moreover appointed a new direction and also new officials, who are to enter up .n their office, according to his orders, on New Year's night, so soon as the clock shall strike the hour of twelve. The administrative council of the railway, together with the shareholders assembled in a general meeting, have both protested against this proceeding of the Minister of Trade. They declare that it is unjust to make use of the results of so bad a year as 1848, particularly as a portion of the deficit has been caused by the orders of the government to run cer tain trains which have not paid their expenses ; and finally, that this despotic occupation of the line by the minister is perfectly illegal, because the differetces between the government and the company are of a private nature, and as such ought to be submitted to the decision of ordinal' , courts of law. The latter point is of ver y considerable importance, and even the conservative party are opposed to such despotic proceedings on the part of the:government,andits members here reminded the minister of the well-known story of the mill at Sane SoucL The only remarkable event that has occurred during the Christmas holidays has been the installation in Bavaria of Herr von der Pfordten as president of the ministry. To-day the first numbers of the Vienna Press. have reached us since its emigration to Bruno. The editors seem full of courage and determinrd to perse vere despite of all obstacles, while its tone has of course improved from its transition to a freer sail. HAMBURG.—The Elbe is one 'hie of ice, ca far as the eye can see. Steim-baat navigation is out of the question. There is a heavy fall of snow, and the temperature is 1 deg. RUSSIA AND POLAND.—FIom t' .e Frontier, I).c. 22.—We have received the almost in- credible intelligence from Cracow, that the Aua'rian troops have actually entered the kingdom of Poland. A large body arrived by the railway at Czenstochan, where a portion of them stopped, while the rest pro ceeded by the next train in the direction Gf Warsaw. We give the ktelligence as we have received it, without vouching for its authenticity.—A//pemeine. _ . PERSIA.—The Journal (le CPnatantinople, of the 13th ult., has news of en insurrection at I,pahan. It is said the palace of the governor was attaelcul, stormed, and the governor and 30 of his servants put to the sword. TURKEY.—The Journal de Constantinople, of the 13th ult., states that an Italian corps, which h.d fought under the cimmand of General Dem, have come to Mrianople, where they met with a brilliant recep tion. The son of the l'asha of Adrianople advanced with a small body of troops and saluted them with all military honours. Advancing to the city with music and flags, the Italians were conductei to a church, where mass was read for the souls of the victims of the Hungarian war. Baron Titoff and C mnt S•urmer, the ambassadors of Russia and Austria, Lave entered a protest agai2st the Pacha's conduct. THE UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL. Tiszanee, Miontunr. The New York packet-ship Ashburton arrived here to-night from New York. She arm expected to have brought the President's Message. Sie left that city on the 11th ult., and therefore, like the other late arrivals, departed without it. NIAGARA SUSPENSION BRIDGE. Whilst public attention is properly directed to, and interest. d in, the result of the great work of Mr. Stevenson at the Menai Straits, it may be worthy the attention of the Ilrittsh public to know that in other countries the works of genius, by the extension of science, are prcgres,ing also to a great extent. - We consider the bridge across the Niagara F.lls of that deseripti n, and the following account trout the Canada papas will be read with interest. It is trout the &chest( r Dasly Advertiser: Editor,—Having seen several attempts at • descrip tion of the suspension bridge, and all more or less trroneou■, I trust I shall be pardoned for a brief sketch relating to said work as it now stands, being merely • temporary structure as compered with the original design Eany in the spring of 1847, while at dinner at the Eegle Hotel, in the village of Niagara Falls, there were present Cherie/ Elet, junr., the engineer of the bridge, the writer, and weeral other gentlemen, when the subject came up how the first wire was to be got over the river. One pro posed the steamboat—another, • smell boat to take • lint across; another would throw a bomb-shell over, with • cord attached to it, with several other equally practicable projects, were advanced, when Mr. Elet himself suggested the use of • rocket, by which he expected to threw his first line across the gulf. This seeming to be the end of pruposi thins, Mr. Fisk, of your city, addressing Mr. Elet, said, with your leave, and • promise not to ridicule the idea, if it should prove a failure, he would, in a more simple sod cheaper mode, attempt to get • line across the gulf. This being agreed to, those present desired to knew what method he should pursue to get • line across. Well, gentlemen, I have not the least objsetion to tell you all about it, provided you ad here to the promised conditions—not to laugh at me. Now, gentlemen, says Mr. Fisk, my plan, and the instrument used, will be the same kind used by Franklin to draw light ning from the clouds, an instrument that soy ingenious sc►oolbo can make in en hour—a kilo. Mr. Elet remarked that he did not see why it would not succeed, and gave hie consent to have it tried. Mr Fisk then called upon an intelligent boy by the name of Walsh, woo soon had a kite 'constructed, and on the second trial threw a iii.e across, making it fast on the opposite aide, by doubling which a small rope was drawn over, and in six or seven doubles etrength sufficient was acquired to take over the first small cable of 30 wires. This was the one us d to pass Mr. Ent s.ver in his little iron car, and next, himself and lady, and many others passed over on this slight fixture. Since which the present structure has been reared, renting on wooden towers 60 feet high, over which pass 14 wastes of the following dimensionc—vie. Five of 36 wires each; fire of 72• one of 125; and threw of 150 wires -1,115 wires in all. _ . . To these is the bridge suspended, and V capable of sus taining a weight of nearly one thousand tons, yet so slight in ita appearance to strangers, that some will not piss it, through fear of its instability, yet heavy teams pass at ; five at one time were on it, of Colonel Mann. Circus, breldes many choir, s of cattle have paired it. It is now perfectly safe as a common thoroughfare; but will all give way to one of the grandest structures in the world, as soon as it is required tor railroad purposes, for which. from the exer tions now being used by the directors and people on both siem, it creme likely to be required within a year or two. The railroad structure will require 16 cable. of 600 wires each, all laid straight—not twisted, as some have it—but wooed with small wire. and when complete-el, with its mas sive stone towers, will sustain a weight of more than 6,000 tons beyond is own weight, a structure worthy, as one of are, to stand by the side of Nature's grandest—the Falls el Niagara. For this and other improvements contemplated or finished are the public indebted to the liiv. Charles B. St uert, to whims merit abler pens will yet render to maim tr.is tonour due. The II on. Henry Fitzroy had an interview with Sir Osort, Uni yestmday at the Home-ottice, MR. DYCE SOMBRE. TO Tin BDITOII OP OALIONANI'II 31111111ENOP.a. 8114—Having in vain tried the advice of the Lord ch geco lior, which he gave in the judgment in my case on tho 20th of April last, wherein his lordship strongly urges me, by raying, " I strongly recom mended Mr. Vyce Sombre in future to act only under the advice of proper professional advisers," adding, " that I could not be in better hands than in those of the gentlemen who then served me," those being the barristers and the solicitor who have so in humanely treated me; but, being pushed to fo:low the Lord Chancellor's advice, I have continued employ ing them, and the probabilities are that I snail still be obliged to keep the same professions.' gentlemen until I am fairly out of chancery. But to give to the public a specimen of the English Chancery Court, I have only to lay before the readers the following letters written by the solicitor, and my appeal to tte lord chancellor, which, for the sake of being listened to,as I thought I would have been, I had sent through the president of the Board of Control ; but sorry am I to say that it has had the same result as my former letters direct to the lord chancellor have been treated with, and about which his lord-hip in his 1 said judgment has remarked, that he "never read them." The perusal of these letters will prove, how ever-1. That I have been obliged to employ the same professional men who had the managem-nt of my affairs last April, and that too by the advice of the lord chancellor ; otherwise they have told falsehoods in my case. A pamphlet of these exposures, how ever, is all ready for the public-2. That the solicitor has kept me off from time to time in not letting my self be examined for some time pas', and, when the Chancery Court has opened its sittings, he has de manded of me fresh sums which has been settled ac cording to agreement between myself and Mr. A. S. Mahon on his behalf.-3. It will go further to prove that, whether I write to the Lord Chancellor direct, I or through an official channel, I have so hearing in his court excepting through professional men, who make a job of the affair, and how I shall ever be out of chancery in this manner, which has moreover de baled itself of bee under the pleaof lunacy, in lending itself to melee out a natural daughter of my fattier • out of a mistress of his, to be a full sister, upon the hopes that, as a lunatic, my will will be invalid, and, in case of my death, she would be come a co-heiress to my vast property. Your giving publication to these letters in your valuable journal will greatly oblige, sir, your obedient servant, D. 0. DYCE SOMBRE. Paris, 31st Dnember. Gray's-inn, May 4, 1819. Dear Sir,—l am favoured with your letter of the Ist inst., applying to me to petition the Lord Chan cellor to allow you to come to England fur cleamiert tion, and requesting some more copies of affidavits, &0., to be sent to you. Now, I do not think it would be prudent so immediately after the Lord Chancellor has, upon mature consideration, dis missed your last petition, for you to present another petition for examination ; it would hardly be respectful to his lordship, and I cannot but think that so untimed a measure would be productive only of farther disappointment, and injure you in his lordship's estimation. For these reasons, do allow me to intreat that, for the present, no fur ther petition may be brought under the Lord Chan cellor's consideration. lam quite co:ifident that nei ther Mr. —, nor either of your other counsel, would approve of so hazardous a measure. Some time hence, it may, and I sincerely trust will, be resorted to with complete succm ; only live quietly for a few mo•iths, and we shall all be glad to give our best support to another application uu your behalf to the Lord Caen cellor. I will look out the papers you requite, and transmit them to you as soon as pos-ible. And I re main, dear sir, very faithfully yours, &c. Cslonel Dyce Sombre, &c. G:ay's Inn, Nov. t, 1819. Dear Sir,—l have duly received your favour of the 28th of Oztober, and have communicated its contents to Nlesers. --. The necessary petition to the lord chancellor shall be pr.•pared kr your signature with u little delay as possible, and when approved of by counsel shall be transmitod to you. It may, perhaps, be necessary that one or two affidavits should be made to go with the petition to hie lordship ; and, it so, when I seed the petition to you, I will instruct you acoordingly.—l remain, dear sir, very faithfully yours, &c. D. 0. Dyne Sombre, Esq. Gray's Inn, N 17,180. Dear Sir,—Your favour of the 15th inst. reached me too late yest, rday to enable me by that post to com ply with your re qui s t, and send toyou a duplicate of my former letter addressed to the eare of Messrs. de Rothschild, and therefore transmit it by this post. At the same time, I think it right to inform you that my outlay of money, on account of the petition of January last, was unavoidably very considerable. In fact, I find that my expenditure upon that occasion, in fees to counsel, office copies of affidavits, and other necessary heavy p Ins:usts, "without taking into con- ideration the time and labour occupied in managing the business," much exceeded 250:., and I therefore feel obliged, before I embark in any farther expense relating to these affair', to request the favour of your remitting to me, by an order on Mr. Larkins, or in &me other way, a sum on account, not Iss than 230!., and then the proposed petition shall be forthwith settled by counsel, and sent for your signature, preciously to its being presented to the Lord Chancell. , r. In order that you may be perfectly satisfied of the truth of what I now ist.te, 1 could wish that, for your greater satisfaction, you would get some friet.o, or other per son, to call here and inspect my disbursement book, containing moat of the payments as to these matters, and then be guided, as well by my assertion as by his report, upon such inspection. lam sorry to be under the necessity of making this application, but the ur gency of the case impels me to make it, and, such heir g the fact, you will, I hope, not hesitate to give it your early and favourable attention. And I remain, dear sir, very faithfully yours, etc. D. 0. Dyne Sombre, Esq. My Lord,—l have waled until now to see the re sult of my communications with Mr. —, who your lordship suggested that I should employ as my man of busir.ess, observing, " that I could not be in better hands than his." but I am sorry to observe that on my applyii.g to him to petition your lord-hip for another examination, and 1 trust a final one, 1 received the accompanying letter.a copy of which I herewith enclose for your lordshi?'s perusal. Trusting your for ship will point out the way how I am to he represented in your lordship's court, as the solicitor 'till dem• da payment from me, when award of more than 2,0001. has been made against me in favour of Mr. Mahon for settling these bills. I have the honour, e'c., D. 0. DICE SOMBRE. To the Right Hon. Lord Cnancellor, etc. Sir,—l think it my duty to bring bef .re you, as president of the Board of Control, my case for the Lord Chancellor's act ration, as I have no ether way felt now to receive "chess. I inchwe a letter for his lordsbi which 1 beg may he officially forwarded, sod an answer urged upon. I would not have trou bled you if I had nny other source of communication with his lordship left open to me. I have the honour, etc., THE lONIAN ISLANDS UNDER SIR H. WARD THREE HUNDRED PERSONS FLOGGED. • TO THE EDITOR OF THE EXPRESS. corroboration necessary o f the undeniableSnti—W Sts,—Wer e coy statements in the Athena, Greek new t . paper, respecting the atrocities perpetrated oz the unfortunate Cephalonians by the British force, under the direction of Sir H. Ward, it would be found in the rem nt arrivals from the lonian Islands. The t, phl lonians, having recovered from the prostratim of terror, are making known throughout the world the wrongs and the tortures which they have suffered. Of the painful details which have just reached us in the Altai and Patric, first let me m a k e known the abominable fact that the punishment of flogging was inflicted on not less than three hundred individuals ! and such has be en the effect of this hitherto unknown, barbarous, sa. vage, and disgraceful punishment on the C phalo. niaus, that the greatest part of this number are said to have expired from the subsequent effects of the raw and bloody wounds cut de ply into their back s by the leather thongs armed with lead which c anti. tute the military cat-o'-nine-teils! The horror, the indignation with which I write this is shared by ell loniane, by every Greek, whose manly cherec.er and nobility of race is degraded by the application of a slavish punishment to his brethren, and by the whole of eastern and of western Europe, where not even the sufferings of Hungary or the wrongs of Italy can afford a parallel. And this, sir, is the protection of England! this the guardianship of British liberty, under the authority and in the presence of the per. sonal represents'ive of her Majesty Queen Vietorra! To say that there have been twenty-ore military executions, is to say to all those who have had the un fortunate experience of such catastrophe., that there have been at 1• ast a dozen murders ; and, from all hear, this observation has not been contradicted in Cephalonia. Hute and indignation, hot blood and ignorance of language, gestures and passions were the prevailing causes of these numerous condemna tions. What! out of a population of 70,(100—in riot purely local —mrnflned to one district—where ail the surrounding neighbourhood to a fala (for now that is proved) rose against the ri.,t,es, where rot ooe soldier is reported killed, and the whole origins. list of atrocities now circumscribes i , sr If to a mu - der- GU. onslaught on one family, for brigandage, revenge, and private melice—what !in this surliest " hundred" as it were of so small an island, to el ey e not by judgme , • of tie regular civil tribunals, but by mertie-lax, in cold Flood, twer.ty-one p ysens! 'While frt. all Hui gary, with seven millions in revelt, with ferne,y fends fatally terminating in bloody revenge on every bide, Marshal Haynau has not put to death in err than twelve individuals by trial or by martial law, h:.l for this is execrat• d throughout the hab . •abl.• What! I say shall England —or, rather, chat: authority—have hung and shot twenty-ore, and 1141 , - dered (tn flog on the back in the East it to flirt!. r , scores by the lash, and shall no inquiry enure, ro .•.. dignation be roused, no execration be burled %cid , et the perpetrator of these horrible acts! Forbid justice ! forbid it the honour of the British name' It is the boast of the present century to have rr.•.- gated the horrors of war when falling upon the i• nocent. The ravages of Tilly, the Dragonadr, ; . . Papenheim, the fierce forays Of no longer be to:ereed in civilised Europa. Its Society, if it cannot restrain the comb iten'i, w. least see that they fight not like devile , , but 1... creatures. The swold of justice also with a.v ing civilisation is no longer wielded to reve, but to restrain. B.et the vanity of power, and wildness of uncontrolled will, which from downwards has inflamed so many with madness, have named Sir If to 'foliate the atrocities of savage war!are at. erutliee of a rer.nge'ul polite a jud g e. s, fled with the bloody wounds cf the tligged—rt . . fled with the deith of ell who were tried, Ward proceeds to vengeance agaitAt ir e.n •i~:r ter—the blind vengeance of an angry child or ar. sensate savage. He pulled down the dwel of his victime—ot the suspected, who were :n a:! every case of the iiin..ctut,—and in the spirit : pant destruction carried away the N.( ry 6W:A s distance. Tee staple of the lonian Island.. a- know, Mr. Editor, is olives and currar.•s. take many yrars befure the tries re r—o!' th trees have been cut down ; of the lattLr the 'ions uprooted : wh le the wo.:ds, so itupoma fuel in a country which Las no coal. E shared the general destruction. The I a-- of the soldiery let loose, hare had t' . . sult I dreaded to anticipate—ntuntrotts are OA rages that have been com mitted, nor has the have ch c ;racter of the priesthood pro:m4d its pmisessor. I find mention made of one, whose house havirg. broken open, and his wine casks raved b-. - . • soldiery, was afterwards tied to a cr,s* a., a pa: meat fir " aliowing them to get drunk !'' 0: h.. furniture, Tietnal, tindstock"n-s'gtedta the tia the catalogue is startling : of family distress, the ,!e tails are long and painful. In ere village (TroT three persons (all. ged to hive been quite innocer.• were treacherously shot, ai,d seven othe:s of the sum . village flogged; in both instances without trial ore amination. Iu another village tStmos) two •ne• were brought out, and expos-d to all the terrors actual death, the rode having been tied on their nt..li • and at ths moment of dropping being rel.:Abed ::Jr., dead than alive; their crime was, b.cause ti.er not inform the authorities who of their neighb. were in possession of arms. Such is the blind and brutal vengeance of a lir' Lord High CJmmissioner—of ? F r. Ward, t' Nl.l'. for Sheffield! Are we then to seek the causes of such conduct in the individual me organiration of the Lord High Cos-roirsioner, h; constitution of the country which gsr the power of unrestrained acd arbitrarT irceeed:;;.: In what I have said above, Mr. Editor, I tr.:• have shown additional cause for the appointnac commission of inquiry in the next . session House of Commons. What has been already i .:rx to the Cingelese (your colonists) tittle!. Lord Toi: ton will, 1 — doubt — not—squally sntlicient wrong, t.v ing been now shown—be concedid to us (an ts.:L pendent nation) under Sir H. Ward, and lt: -.•'. ! justice and humanity ultimately vindicated I scandal cast upon them by the present Loid ;. Commissioner of the lonisn Islands. I have the honour t," be your obedient eervaat. AN lONIAN Erechtheum Club, S. Jame:a-square, Jan. 1, 18:10, ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH BETWEEN FDANit: : EN ..LAND.—The concession signed by Loan Napoleen the Minister of the Interior, )l. Bemire, granting b.) ••r•- .1. Brett, Tech., and Co the tight to establish an t.ser.. telegraph line between tisane and Ragland, by • cub in.ir communication across the Channel, arrived in oar. Monday. Tee company propose to establish, by nt.a. the electric telegraph, au instant communication bet*•••• the two countries. The patentee that tete •••• graph shall, by the aid of a single wire and of two p, •. • only (the one stationed in France and the other in Ei be capable of panting, in clear Roman type (on p per . • ' messages of 15 words each, including addresses and tures, all ready for delivery in one hundred coute:...: winutee.—Meadard. FRENCH AWAzows.—An ens. tote among the !a••• sex inhabiting the commune de Forest. between Lanai , : • and Odeon okvesnea), tails place on Sunday last, in c.rm• quince of the intended removal of the cur of the plat, had endeared I imself to the inhabitants by his kinebo.e during the late visitation of the sholers. Tine moment . was knowa that his furniture was being removed. _ females in the commune assembled, took forcible po,soeen of the furniture, and replaced it in the house. declaring It hi , DEPARTURES Pt m TIIE GOLD REOWNS.—Tbe they would have no other cure than It. Bablere , who h' - ` great event of yesterday was the departure of the splendid previotudy left the place, taking with him nothing hut has steamer. Ohio and Crescent City, having on hoard nearly a surplice tad his breviery. On the evening of the I.:intaheit ta°usand passenger . for the o °'• world of the west. The the new cute arrived, the tumult recommenced with •••.• flattering accounts of order, freedom, oi prosperity in golden creased violence; the presbytery was bar. leaded, and an e • '•• California, brought by retain e assen g ers iu the Empire tranai refused to the pastor, who was obliged to let: rt Ci , y, and confirmed by the well-informed correspondents of asylum at the bout. of the mayor ; sad ss hen he the Tribune, who write from the very scenes of Ins marvels •o Sunday attempted to enter the church, Pet' themselves, but added fresh fuel to the b u rni ng d es i re to v i s i t form mise, the passage was &lifftleted, end the modern El Dorado. end every one who could get e. I was compelled to retire. The whole co Monday Me Meridiem place aboard rather s hi p ma d e 'maw to depart. Ric commune continued in a state of great agitation. .ut•i no ser- IWOWd assembled at either place sus tremendous, and as vice could be performed on Christmas day. The immigrant?, to noble ships %lowly moved from 'th e i r moor i ngs, of Lenin air were ordered ta the not, but were unable ,o cant after shout from ten thousand throat., and snow restore order, and confined themselves to drawiu up aP' storms of waving handkerchiefs , eignalistd their ib.parture. verbal, and forwareing it to the authorities. Limit e A solitary gun bellowed the last fiery farewell, acid a thou. meat prevailed in the Rue de la Huy. early on 8.• Lurk( stead Californians were 'training their eyes to watch the morning, by pieces of furniture, crockery, sheets. I ,laniets. slow and woo dispersion of friends whose memories will etc., being thrown from a window on the fifth On never cease to cheer their tutore year, of toil 141.1 privation going to the Twin, the landlord to his great si.rpfse found in the great battle of lite. Of those on board the great lying on the Moor and bawling hisilY, a young man histeno majority are young men, whose Yankee toergy will make in a sheet. All the neighbours hastened to the spot. Intt lt thew valuable and active membere of society in whatever was some time before any explanation of the late lend they may locate. They are, mainly, in the very b ee t n ary a ff a i r cou ld be given. It at leurr.h. &eared that the and most eatable class of citizens, and their lons will be yo u ng m a n , a student, had not psi'. for has furniture. 3, . 3 seriously felt. Oud ape it and success to them, we 0.. y, in that the up holsterer ' threateind !Ake it away ; that tE° their new and tryinit paths of l i f e . Ten thou-'..e.i hearts greatly exasperated his inultr.m, grisette, who resolved to are sad 'while memory recalls the at; Ito% hype and he revenged in the moral... l[c on the u p holsterer ;an d that youth, are strob Mg, and love undying. to. inv the happy accordingly she c":imly, sewed her lover ti ht in a ' int,eting bb the sequel to the many vat , : ogs o f yesterday , sheet, and then set to Wor k smash an d t e ar eTerrIUD,... N. Y. Tribune, Deo. 6. t h row i t ou t of the D. 0 . DYtE SOMBRE. To the Right Hon. the President of the Board of Control.