The Express. — London, England, 1850-11-05 00:00:00

Zhe erortOxi. OUTGOING MAILS. The mails for Lisbon, Spain, end Gibraltar will be inade me en Nov. 7. The mails via Ka milla to the Mediterranean, Egypi, Carlow, loots, Kong-Kong, &a, will be made up on the rassing of Nov. 7. The mails ha British North Magpies, Bermuda, and the United Santee will be made up, per Niagara," oa the evening of Nov. 8. The ails for the West bales, V la, New Graeae* Oreytewo, sad lama, will be fade up on the morning of Noe. 18. The nails for Hasnsah, Honduras, Nina, and Jame!, CIO, end Peru, will be made up on the 'morning el Nov. 18. The Dials for Gibraltar, Halts, Grease, the Leman laisads igypt, Ceylon, India, and Chia. via Beatkanipton, will he made up on the evening of Nov. 20. The mails toe Malta will be wade tag on the morning of Dee. 2. wW The mails kr Madeira.. the Brunt, and Buena Agreg , be made up ea the evening of Dee. 4. 011111 WA7III AT MIMI 111LIDON. Thr=jt.di. MINMINI. lANSMIL IL 17. LONDON, TUESDAY. NOTEMBER 5. Tnt German riddle approaches near to at least a temporary 'dollen, and one which will be far from satisfying even the mast moderately constitutir nal of the liberals of that country. The Czar of RUSSIA had formally and peremptorily signified his prohibi tion of anytbinf partaking of the popular represents ties prirciple in the federal bond or system of Ger many. Whilst Austria was prepared to enforce this pro hibition by arms, and Russia was, of course, reedy to support her, France was loud in menace, nnlen the Frankfort Diet, that negation of the representative principle, was allowed to settle the Holstein question after its fashion. England joined in the chain, not indeed S 3 far as it is alleged, for Lord Comm' did not recognise the fail authority of the Frankfort Diet, as the limes alleged. Bat still in one of the critical points at issue the English cabinet was against Prussia, not with her. Thus beset by a universal, a European league, Prossin has yielded. How far she has yielded with honour will be a subject of much diversity of opinion. Before we undertake to pass judgment on that point, let us endeavour to see how mach has been yielded, and how much maintained. In the first place, Prussia coceents not to abolish, but to defer any popular representative anembly . for those states of Germany which have joined its union. On the other hand, Russia and Austria consent to desist from their previous demand, that Prussia and her allies should recognise and re-enter the re euscitated Diet at Frankfort. Union and Diet are both impended for the moment, and the question of the federation referred to free conferences, to be held by delegates from the thirty-four German states. This fries conference Prussia has been long de manding, and it was long refused her. She wished the meeting to take place at Dresden, but Vienna has been fixed as the place of meeting. Prussia also demanded that there conferences should be held under the joint presidenco of Austria and Prussic Austria refused this, not objecting to the alternate presidency as the rule of future settle- meat, bat refusing to give up as apreliminary . what she might make use of as a concession in negotiation. The chief question which here suggests itself is, whether the union of those 'tides which grouped around Prussia is definitively given up, or intended to be given up. We believe that it has not been given up, and that it remains completely open whether the future confederation is to bind the princes of this union in the mass or separately. Another important point is, that whatever may be the nature or the law of the confederation, Austria no longer eaters it, as before, with merely her Ger man provinces and people, but with her entire em pire and population, Italy excepted. We believe this will make an empire of nearly 70 millions, united for military, and in all probability for commercial purperies. How France will like this we do not know. Most certainly the French cabinet has sup- potted and pushed it with all its might. And, verily it has attained what it struggled for—with what ad vantage to itself, we leave the idiot statesmen of the Elysis to discover. Indeed, one of the first or concomitant acts of this new grand German confederation has been to show its contempt tor Frarce and England—for the menaces of one, and the mediation of the other—on the Schleswig-Holstein affair. For whilst England has been signing at Frankfort, and the French fuming in London about the protocol, the Great Man at Warsaw has coolly accepted Prussia's proposal of a mixed commission, and flung France and England over. We wish we could give a promising hope of the settlement of Hesse, but the invasion of the electorate by the Bavarians, and their advance to Hanau, ac companied by a moat absolutist and vindictive pro clamation of the Micron, prejudging the whole question, excite a world of fear and suspi cion. If the decrees of the mock Diet of Frankfort are thus to be enforced, and are allowed to be en- forced, at the very moment when the whole questions of diet, and union, and constitutional rights are re ferred to a free conference, then Prussia remains dis honoured, and the German people will look to all that may be said or done at Berlin and Vienna as a shameful deception. Let us hope that the advance to Hamm is but a mere coup gle tete of the &Etna, and that the abandonment of Reese was no part of the stipulations of Warsaw. It is impossible, indeed, to cone:ive that the framers of the new confederation can contemplate, even in the future, any legislative functions on the part of the federal power. In the new federation Austria will form 32 millions out of 64. If it have anything like a proportionate voice, and If that voice can be effectual in deciding constitutional questions—if Hesse, and Saxony. and Baden, and Prussia, are to have no more constitutional rights, no more liberty of the person and the press than Austria will sanction in a restored diet, then, indeed, all liberty, or hopes of liberty, 'will have been extirpated in Germany . It will be a pure and unmitigated military deepousm, a complete sub itaoption of the German race to the Sclavonian, the N var, and the Croat. edo not believe that Pringle would ever consent to such self-annulment as well as disgrace. Did she ..., ... ever so much consent, the German people will net ratify it. That people have their rights, their aim% their convictions;, they have the consciousness et their intelligence, their number, and their force. AU have been thrown away on the frantic efforts of 1848. Fruition' undertook to preserve, to rear up, to aad► guard a certain portion of German ideas, intestinet, aspirations, and pride. If Prussia fails or proves treacherous, the German people will recommenceon the very morrow the great work of their deliverance, with more patience, consideration, and astuteness than before, but with no less determination and no less certitude of sums& The Princes of Europe have now the alternative be fore them. They may have the Germans as consti tutionalists or revolutionists. It is for them to make the choice. ANOTIIER speech from another protectionist leader shows another defection from protectionist principles, exhibits another attempt to delude the farmers, and suggests a new mode of cheating the country. The orator is Mr. W. MILLS; the place of his oratory Bridgewater; the cminty, Somerset. There is shout Mr. Mtute a heavy, blundering, stupid honesty; a sort et top boots and leather breeches morality that disdains logic while correctly stating fact.; a species of bawls, earnestness and sinceray that insists on preserving consistency at the cost of all the intellectual faculties. Hs is a good, kind, heavy, obstinate millionaire, this Mr.W. who really believes dear bread and high rents, and, we presume, the little shilling, the retest of all earthly blesdogs, except, perhaps, port wine. The puzzle is, however, how a man with the descent and antecedents of Mr. Mass was ever re duced to this sad state of squireerehy. It is not usual to see the descendants et intelligent and successful sawdust' and bankers, as he is, becoming more 'tepid than the "tenth transmitters of a foolish face;" ordinarily rise above the intelligence of lea k, at lust a generation or two. Whereas, lbe sweinsereial Mutsu, of Bristol, men who owe =at wealth to plodding Industry , commercial , mad 4.0.1111da money dealing, bays no sooner home rat leeivorms in lionerastshire than all VMS, eseasirelel ebernetsristics desert them, and they bps leak to the Wei of the Trems of the legials- Wm • There moat be somethi very destructive of MUM case in the soil of . When, In;. Ifi4 were years ago, Mr. Cures, the natural phileupher, steed for the county, they threatened to barn his for witchcraft Perhaps, then, it is only natural that Mr. Muss should be an authority at Bridgewater. Well, at Bridgewater, Mr. Mau propounded hie scheme of tactics. of course, there wu nothing an ginal, or skilful, or very succusfal locales in it; but, tete Meresdio's wound, it was enough, tt would do, if parliament could only be seductd into zne aocrpi Mr. Mines, it seems, once heard a free trader in the House of Comma= exclaim, apropos, we presume, to some nonsense uttered by a protectionist, " We don't object to import duties for the sake of revenue ;" ever since, this exclamation bus been "lying fallow" is his undrained mind, until at last he has re. nivel to found nothing lees than a natiseal policy en en Interlocutory remark. Some sea Dose their taw dui en She immutable laws of morality ; others on the gneespts of revealed religion; some, again, on the Wein elf the seenoonsts ; others on the state of their banime bahrion But Mr. Kau steels an audio den lon his opponents, and by it proposes to sway Inginne's destinies, and to regulate its people's din ners. He is • great man, MILES, and a sly man, too. The free traders not then objecting to import duties for revenue, Mr. MILES thinks they can have no objection to indulge the protectionists with an im port duty of 6e. on foreign wheat. In this sequence there is the usual bacoic inconsequence. Men don't always do what they don't abject to. Reasonable people don't object to take medicine when they require a little; but, not objecting, they don't take pillulo hy drag. every night Sir WALTER Scorr used, indeed, to tell a story of a border laird, who was so enamoured of the national alterative, that he cud to insist on administering " one leetie Anderrus" to his guests, before they lit their bedroom candles; but, in return, his guests always thought him a little mad. And free traders would be equally insane if, because they didn't object to an import duty for revenue purpmes, they laid a tax on foreign grain. Certainly free-traders don't object to import duties for revenue; that is true; but it is only a bit of the truth ; whereas Mr. MILLS has seized on and treasured it apes a great and entire truth. For they object to all taxes not required to carry on economically the service of government; and at a time when existing taxation is yielding a surplus over the current expen diture, they are thinking about taking off old, and not of putting on new taxes. So next session they will endeavour to get rid of the window duty. Bat even were there a deficit instead of a surplus, free traders would not carry their partiality for mode rate import duties so far u to raise a revenue from foreign corn, and that for the very reason for which Mr. MILES wants a 6s. duty, viz., that it would be pro Moto& protective duty ; and though it might yield something to the revenue, it would be at the cost of a great deal more to the community. The levy of 6e. a quarter on foreign wheat simply means to raise the value of English wheat by 6s. ; and that is a piece of folly Mr. MILES won't easily persuade, By his brogue, and his blarney, and botherieg ways, free traders into. Not one penny will he ever induce them to lay oar foreign grain again. And a very good reason why, Mr. MILES himself has given. . Fur," says his colleague, "he believed, from what Mr. MILES bad stated at Taunton (at the quarter sessions) that in this county there had been a great diminution of crime." If, then, under free trade and cheap bread, crime has diminished in the agricultural county tf Somerset; if the same be the case in the manufacturing districts; if concurrently pauperism be diminishing, and the gains of trade be iccreaslog, and if all this be admitted and proclaimed at Bridgewater, how can any man ask us to risk the consequences of dear bread, even though it might produce high rents P These were the reeults antici pated from free trade; it is not when they have been realised that we are to listen to a 6e. duty. But this prosperity does not erend to agriculture. Perhaps not at proud. The prosperity of agricul ture is, however, dependent on the general state of the country; and as it improves, so will agriculture, if not impeded by the landlords demanding that for rent, which on no sound principle is tent. Such is Mr. Mines's policy ; he wants to trip up his opponents' heels with their own admission ; and to tax annec:ssaril the people tf England because he could not understand a common-place., But there is a pleasant ingenuousness about Mr. Mines; if he knows little else, he knows himself well ; and small is his faith in his own suggestion. " That is my plan," he told the Bridgewater conservatives, " but I won't stand by it," he quietly added! Whatever toed STANLEY prescribes on the mettint of parlia ment Mr. Mines means to swallow. Vhat if it should be free trade? •r p •l THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING. NOVEMBER 5, 1850. GERMANY. There is Berlin news by telegraph to the 3rd inst. It adds little, however, to what is already known, and is merely confirmatory of previous advice.. It is stated, in the Neu. Priusitche Zeitueg, that General Count Groeben has received orders to allow the Bavarians (to occupy the province of Hanau, but by ns means to let them go farther, as, forinstance, to Cassel, or Fulda. Unless a joint occupation were contemplated, it seems indeed impossible that the Bavarians should advance up the country, for the Prussians, aban doning the military roads to which they had previously confined themselves, occupied Cassel on the 2nd inst., the division hitherto stationed at Warburg, under the command of Genesi' Tietsen, having moved from thence to the capital of the electorate. The postscript of a letter from a correspondent at Hanover, who writes on Nov. 2, says: " Intelligence has just been brought in by six cial courier, that three thousand Prussian troops entered the city of Cassel this morning." In the meantime, the usual result of Austria's pre sence in a country declared to be in a state of siege has taken place. Proclamations have been issued at Henan, ordering the ..render of arms, &c., under penalties, and stopping the liberty of the press. No further movement on the part of Prince von Thurn and Taxis had taken place. It is stated by several Germin papers, and in let tem from Berlin of the 2nd instant, that General Radowitz had resigned ; that the cabinet council held on the 30th ult., to which the Minister of Foreign Affairs had gone with a conviction that the Prus sian government intended to persist in the conduct hitherto pursued, had been assembled, and on re-se ambling at Potsdam had ended by the adoption of the peace policy . This result is alleged as the cease of the resignation of Radowitz, who, with the King and the Prince of Prussia, held out alone against the whole of the rest of the cabinet. The.answer of the Schleswig-Holstein Staathalter schaft to the proposale for an armistice, made by Prussia through the medium of General Hahn, has been published. The Staathalterechaft are willing to conclude an Mikis* on the following conditions: 1. The Dade Weeps shall team that portion of the Schles wig amenneat sseah of the libe of demareatioa whisk was drawn he the latile andelise esamaska en the 12th of Jae.lf44, tegellese whit the blend el Maim mid the Waters Wm/4 the=t district of Aneslo, to Me eastward et the town et , over the village of Mayer, whisk shall be govereed by the taathaltarsehalt is seat ea with Henteln. 2. The Danish seen-of-war sisal ha,' the waters of the coasts of the Duchies. 3. All po litkal sad war prisoners than be exchanged, sad all private seised pat political grounds shall be returned rar l s ownen. 4. The subjects of the Dadaism compelled against their will to enter the Danish service shall be re leased at their own request. 6. Batts parties shall facilitate m much as possible the na*atioa of the Duchies. 6. The armistles shall he concluded for the was of one year, and silently prolonged it • six weeks' notice be not previously item by one or the other party. Telegraphic despatches from Milan state that Gen mg Radetsky has been summoned to Vienna. From Vienna, under date Oct. 31, we learn that the military movements in Austria continue unabated. Another army is to be ommentrated at Marchfelde, in Moravia. BADEN. A correspondent orritesfroin Carhruhe on the 31st ult. : Oar new minister has this day declared his political views in the seecind chamber. On being introduced to the assembly by M. Regenauer, Baron Rudt stated that it wee hut duty first of all to declare that no change of system would result from his entrancs into the ministry. Called to occupy his present position by the gram of the Orand-Doke, he had assured him self of the support of hie colleagues, and would go hand in band with them. He well knew the difficul ties of the time i be should acknowledge but one poli tical aim, the welfare ef Baden,with which the glory of the princely house WU identified. Publicity, clear ness, and s►ncerity should *ark his poliry, which should be directed to maintain friendly relations with all other states, and thus to give every possible upper. amity of attaininistrue German unity. The text of M. Redt's address will be published to-morrow. It would be too much to say that it Mu satisfied the public. who lock for something more specific in cantabiles of political faith. The prozimate discussion in the lower hones on the address on the Prussian treaty will arer; opportunity for a more definite statement of the nor minister's rl :Ind will, lidetel render It inevitable. No hopes are entertained that the mooed chamber will admit the modifications of the address made by the committee of the upper house. The ministerial papers contain a further con tradiction of the report of an early departure of Prussian troops. Negotiations with Prima for s diminution of the number of Prussian troops in Base are, nevertheless, ping on ; and it is not i m p ro bable that these may lead to a withdrawal of 6,000 men. The removal of Baden troops to Prussia is 'upended. FRANCE. PARIS, Immix Bessie°. There appeared last night only one answer pa sible to Gen. Changarnier's defiance of the President in inning the order of the day which I sent you, and that was his dismissal. That Louis Napoleon burned with desire to sign the decree ordering this is certain. His ministers remained in council deep into the night, deliberating on what should be done. At last they told the President that such a decree could not pos sibly, in the present state of things, be executed in the teeth of the resistance it would meet from the parliament, from the army, and from public opinion ; and that it was far better not to advent* at all than to advance and then be obliged to retreat. They positively , declined themselves to undertake the responsibility of such a measure, and advised for the present measures of conciliation. The Assembly would meet in the course of a week ; the question of General Neumayei's dismissal would be then brought forward, and the right of the government was so distinct in this case that a favourable impression might possibly be made upon public opinion. The presumption of General Changarnier's order of the day would, in the mean time, excite disapprobation among all who were not animated by a feeling of strong hostility against the government. These, and such arguments as were calculated to sprinkle cool patience upon the flame and heat of the President's distempered mood, were backed by the counsels of some influential chiefs of the majority, apparently MM. Mole and Tuiers, who represented the ruinous cons quencea of divisions in fees of the hostile attitude of the socialists, evinced by their abstinence from the municipal elections. The President allowed himself to be over ruled by these representations, and the parliamentary chiefs retired. Presently they returned, bringing General Changarnier to the Elyse°, and a formall reconciliation took place, the President shaking hands with him. Although you may rely on the correct ness of this fact, I need scarcely add that such a reconciliation cannot be either sincere or lasting. It is a necessity of the moment. The President cannot sit down quietly nudes the blow irifl;cted on him by ' General Changarnier without virtually abdicating. I announced to you in my despatch of yesterday that the conflict between the President and Changer nier had been greatly sggravattd by the order of the day read to the troops by command of the latter on Saturday. The Journal des Dikes hastens to mese the world this morning, while giving in its commas this significant document, that it is not likely to be followed by any further hostility on either side, that the spirit of conciliation has prevailed, that the fears which agitated the political world have henceforth no ground, and that everything announces the end of a conflict of which anarchy alone could reap the fruits.. This wonderful hush in the thick of battle has been, according to the same organ, brought about by some sage elders of the majority who have been closetted with Louis Napoleon, and left him in the most pacific humour. I do not scruple to characterise this picture of the situation as a complete illusion, and although even a gross misrepresentation may b. , come excusable when the object is a general bent fit, such as:the tranquillise of the public mind, I must warn you not to place the least reliance in such flattering colours. Everybody i knows that it is the policy of the Debate to preach up, harmony between the various fractions of the party of order, and to throw a politic curtain around the scan dalous broils which divide them. But on this occasion the task is hopeless. The order of the day of General Changarnier speaks trumpet-tongued. He has gone to the very limit of his faculty to strike a blow at the head of the President. It is the most hostile step short of civil war which he could possibly take. At a moment when the commander of the first division is disgraced for discouraging cries among the troop., General Changarnier reminds the troops that such cries are by the rules of the service forbidden. A more downright slip in the face to the President it is impossible to conceive. Such an insult cannot be answered by reminding General Changarnier that it was he whii gave the first signal for uttering such cries upon such occasions, when he assembled around him all the commanders of the regiments which he reviewed in the Champ de Mars in April, 1849, and gave them orders to ery and to cause to be cried in concert by their soldiers, " Vies Napoleon," forbid ding them to add any allusion to the Republic ; or by asking why, if the commander-in-chief has changed his mind since that epoch upon this point of military discipline, he does not urge the punishment of those colonels who signalised themselves at Satory by the distinctness of their imperialist demonstra. time. It is plain that a more resolute and energetic vindication of his dignity must be expected from the head of the republic. In France, of all countries in the world, no man an take the last Mow without damage of estimation. Public opinion takes side in this country not so often with the right es with the courage which backs a pretended right. Ia thiamin, of ormtliet, as far as equity goes, a great Mal may be said for, or rather against, both sides. The President has been imprudent, Changarnier in solent. Against the republic one has conspired as much as the other. If one were much more powerful Shan the other the conflict between them would be ihr less serious. The President; might annihilate his rival with a stroke of his pen, or the commander-in chief might lodge Louis Napoleon in Vincennes, and Francs would not be in the least disturbed by the settlement in favour of the stronger. Bat the fact is that both are so equally . matched as to make the straggle pregnant with violent con vulsion to the whole country. One thing is now certain—that the battle is begun—and there is hardly more doubt that it will go on until one or other of the combatants succumb. The Committee of Permanence holds two sittings daily, one between one and three, and the other in the evening, in order to be prepared for any event. At the meeting of the Committee of Permanence, nothing took plane beyond mere conversations which harmed epos the reconciliation effected last night between the President and Changarnier. its Peesdisat of the Republic has just resumed his lays ef sesegleo. At the last re-union, a small num bs: et ladies. IMO generals, and the ministers were present. Ansel the officers was Gomel &repay In furtheranoe of the law of June 13, 1860, the President has issued a decree, dividing into different categories the sum awarded for pensions to the wounded in the days of May and June, 1848. The pinions vary in amount from 300 fr. to I,ooofr. The President booklet granted a free pardon to the men who were senteneed to imprisonment some time Lack foe exhibiting a red flag at Chalons. 1101:7181. PARIS. Nov. 4. pa Wag. pat OW& ..... 07 40 57 23 57 41 01 81 77 40 pa Owls- ...... ri ID 02 13 91 46 92 15 0843 I do. Saw lama -41 pat N a a a Dialtaaga is Landau: at slibt. 23 14; 90 dap, U. ara, 5. UM 101 MWI. Naples a.m. —wog 101 . Iturn Lou ...1149 78 Da. . ado, da.... 1110 781 a lYinaat Da. 1110 Truman Daria..... pirtlisOL 44 0 . Beak a Downs —Venailles (left bank). 138 26 ; Paris sad Oi linni4 778 76; Paris and Bases, 607 60; Roam and Bane, 243 75 ; Blrsibearg sad Bale, 120. Orlsiuss and Yanzoo, 368 76; Orleans sad Hardman, 386 25 ; Nart6, 460 ; Pub and Iltrisbears, 842 60; Tours and MUM.. 24 1 26. TURIN, Oar. 31. It is reported that the Senator Moja, or the Minnie Alfieri di Sostigno, is likely to be appointed Minister of Public Instruction. ITALY. MAPLES, Oar. 28. The Jesuits bay s ye ts aMenapted to clogs a protestant school in Newt days coarantine is now imposed on souring from Genoa as well as Marseilles. Ail Rot and other foreign journals are subjected to inspection before delivery to the nnhl irt. Neapolitan Five., 99g. ROME, Oar. 26._ The administrative regulationsof& tax upon professions, arts, and trades are published in the offi cial journal of t oday. SPAIN. OCT. 30. The two Chambers have held their preparatory meeting to appoint the deputations which will receive the Queen at the Legislative Palace. M. Mayans is to be the president of the Chamber of Deputies. The removal of the rate of siege in Cubs, and the dissolu tion of the militia organised upon the occasion of the expedition of Loper, are hailed as proofs of the com plete re-establishment of public confidence in the colony. MADRID. Oar 30.—Throe per Cents., 31 1516; after Bolas, 35 31 16.16 cash, 35 paper. Four per Cents., 131. Five per Cents., 131 paper; niter Bohm, 131 paper, 131 cash. Coupons, 71 cash ; after Bolas, 71 cash. Passives, 31 ms , , after 13 , 1aa, 3 15.16 crab. Bank of Bt. Ferdinand, 96 paper. Bxelsaurge on London, 50.30 paper. THE ENCUMBERED ESTATES OF IRELAND. SECOND SERIES. INDENT.) (7ItOX • (Prom the Daily Nees.) THE MOUNTCASHELL ESTATES. Then; has been a twofold operation in the effects of the tremendous famine which so recently desolated Ireland. In the first place, its political effect was to dissipate the delusions or "nationality" which were mystifying the Irish popular mind, misguiding the muses of the country. The absurdity of looking for the independence of Ireland, or the repeal of the union, was made intelligible to every one, and a clearer and broader light was cut upon the island. In the second place, the sccial results of the famine are in magnitude but inferior to the political consequences of the famine. Tne social state of the aristocracy, of the middle classes, and of the peasantry has been revo lutionised. Much of the aristocracy of Irelands only titular, and has ceased to be territorial in its autho rity. The numbers of the middle classes in Munster and Connaught have been diminished by emigration • the same cause, joined with famine, has decreased the swarming 'lumbers of the peasantry. There is • want of capital and training in Ireland amongst the industrial cloves, and the state of that country now presents a wide and remunerative field for their application. That this new field exists in Ireland, and that the social revolution now taking plus to rapidly in the propertied classes of that country will open a great channel for fresh capital and new energy, there is little doubt. The fall of so many of the Irish aristocracy might 'egg , at much sentimentalism. Bat the real has be come an object of each prime necessity in Ireland, that we must pet aside idle sympathy. The list, in deed, is full. Amongst the estates offered for sale by the Commissioners, are those of the Marquis of Donegal, the Earls of Mountcashell, Aldborough, Carrick, King ston, Portarlington, Viscount Gort, the Lords Audley and Longford, besides a host of commoners—Alexan der, now M.P. for Antrim ; the noted old Irish fami lies of M'Certhy of Carrignavar, O'Grady of Kilbally, Owen, O'Flahertie of Galway ; the properties of Standish Barry, Dillon Browne, and Callaghan, late members for Cork County, Mayo, and Cork city—O'Connell', of Kerry—of several baronets too tedious to mention, and a whole host of miscel laneous proprietors. Some of these properties are worth examination. Their state, past and present, reveals the condition of Irish society, and gives means of anticipating its future. Take, for example, the pro perty of Lord Mountcashelt, to be sold by the commie wooers on the Bth of this month. . Lord Mount...A*ll has estates in the north and south of Ireland. His residence has always been at Moore Park, a large but not well-kept demesne, beautifully situate on the river Funchern, in the county of Cork. Standing on the Kilworth mono tain,overlooking Lord Mountcashell's southern estate., you can see the splendid castle of Mitcheletown, the romantic demesne of Castle Hyde, and the broad lands of Moore Park, with their adjacent estates. The scenery is bold and magnificent in its outline, and not devoid of some historical interest. That vast plain stretching westward was in Elizabeth's reign the estates of the Earl* of Desmond, a powerful branch of the Norman Fitzgerald.. In yonder lonely tower of Kilcolman dwelt Spenser, the author of the " Faifie Qurebe ;" and thither the gallant Raleigh bent his steps, when both of them were proprietors of the forfeited lands of the hens. of Desmond. There, at Cnberdriving Castle, first lived the Hydes, who then got a vast por tion of the :same estate., and now the Kings and Hydes are to follow the fate of the more illustrious Raleighs and Spencers. The country is traversed by rivers which afford splendid sites for manufactories, but only a few corn mills are here and there visible. No tall chum nies rake up against the sky ; no busy bum of in dustry is heard in the hamlet ; no hive of manufac ture is to be seen in all that great plain which stretches westward some thirty miles from Fermoy, along the banks of the Bleckwater. The farms are ill managed, and the children and growing girls are nearly all un employed. Such is the state of thiogs in the part of the country where Lord Mountceshell's southern estates are placed. We will soon see how different is the state of things in industrious Ulster, where the estates which are to be sold are located. But first • few words of Lord Mountcsshell himself. The mother of Lord tlonntcashell was Lady I ielena King, sister of the present Lord Lorton, and grand aunt to the present Lord Kingston. She was a lady of remarkable character and talents, and possessed con siderable literary accomplishments. She was a pupil of Mazy Wolstonsaaft,who was for some time a governess in the King family. A sister of the late Lady Mount oashell was the heroine of that extraordinary romance in real life, which ended with the tragical death of the late Colonel Fitzgerald at Kilwortb, upwards of fifty years ago. The late Lady lane Peel was • sis ter of Lord Mountcashell, and was in her youth a famous beauty. Lord Monntcashell took an active part in the movement against the internal abuses of the Irish established church; and after the Emanci pation Act of 1829, he raised his voice loudly against the pluralities and absenteeism of the Irish clergy. A long controversy ensued between him and the late Bishop of Ferns, in which the peer worsted the bishop, by the aid of truth and stubborn facts. The exposure of the abuses in the church system had great influence in the subsequent anti-tithe movement of 1832, and paved the way for the passing of Lord Stanley's Irish Church Temporalities Act. In public life, Lord Monntcashell has always been animated with a conscientious desire to support whatever he deeiFl ca rli ht, and his reputation for high integrity of character has always been acknowledged. Let us now take a view of his lordship's northern estates, to be sold by the commissioners on the Bth instant. Wending our way to the north, and peas ' lug through Dublin, we take the railway to Belfast, and thence to Ballymena, in the county of Antrim, where we find ourselves in the 'vs centre of Lord Mountcashell's northern estate. What a totally dif ferent scene from that in the county of Cork! Here in Antrim the climate is still the same, perhaps a little worse. The skies are more clouded, the air more keen. The soil was evidently less favoured by nature than the county of Cork, yet what a remarkable difference between the state of the inhabitant population on the two estates! The lands ere thickly studded with factories and blush greens. The people are well-fed, well dime& and clean. The cottages, though not equal le them is the advanced parts of England, are OS hellerlikete the hovels of the Eilworth Mountain as Belgium is beyond Brittany. It is s all a il li billi bieetry, and of active social develop neat. The people are all at work, either urea the land or la the factories • and the girls are all boy it home, either upon embroidering muslin for some et the Glasgow or Belfast houses, or in some of the simpler forms of manufacturing labour. This sr tit of the younger portion of the perelatissis er he grand points of distinction Wrens the slals of Ulster and Muster. The childrea begin to earn wages just after their schooling is completed, and habits of industry and independence are formed which last for life. This demand for hands of course greatly raises the prios of agricultural labour, and thus in traversing the estates of Lord Mountcaahell, we found the agricultural labourers receiving Is. a day, and the women em ployed on farms getting 6d. a day. Thus with the low prices of food, and a demand for the labour of their growing girls, a poor man's family in the north of Ireland, where manufactures prevail, is in a totally 'different state from that of a man of the same class in Munster, with its great unreclaimed wastes, its villages swarming with unemployed hands, and its wages reduced to the lowest standard. The state of the workhouse at Ballymena demonstrates the condition of the district. On the 17th of October the number of inmates in the workhnuse when we visited it was only 227, this anion containing 23 electoral divisions. There were but sixteen able bodied men in the entire lhoure. The number of inmates was made up of the aged, the infirm, and the young. We may remark that we never saw a more cleanly or better arranzed workhouse than that of Ballymena. Ia the week previous to our visit there were 235 inmates-53 males, 66 females, 52 boys, 50 girls, and 12 infants. The town of Ballymena itself is a very good spe cimen of one of the northern country towns in Ireland. It is built of the basalt of the country, and the dark black aspect of the houses gives the place a very peculiar septet when contrasted in the memory with the whitewashed and plaster-built towns in the southern parts of Ireland. In trade and population Ballymena is the second town in Antrim. Every Satut day there is a great linen market, where the brown linens are brought in by the country folk, and bought op by the owners of the bleach greens. Standing room can scarcely be had at market hour. The buyers or their factors stand along the walls raised above the crowd, and the linen is flung up in small parcels to them, the buyers rapidly fingering each bundle, and judging it by the eye. There are three branch banks, a flax-spinning mill, and a distil lery, at Ballymena. The estates of Lord Mountcashell stretch away to the north and east of Ballymena. They include the estates of Nene, Glenwhirry, Braid, and Galgorm, let at a rental of 13,5511. with a considerable rise in a few years. To estimate the value of such an estate is not an easy matter, owing to its extent. It is, of course, evident that the nominal and paid rental can not be of the same figure ; but this difference is very little when contrasted with the southern properties of the embarrassed proprietors. The whole estate is commonly spoken of is the north of Ireland as pay log 12,0001. per annum, with a rise of between two and three thousand pounds on the decease of two lives. Oas of the beat features in the estate is the excellent character of its tenants, not second to any in Eng land or Ireland for peaceful conuuct and energetic in dustry. Tenant right has always prevailed on the estate, and there have been none of the evictions that have occurred elsewhere. We found the tenantry speak with feelings of great kindness of Lord Mountcashell, and a regret that he was distressed for money. What they said of him was enough to confirm the reputation which Lord Mount earthen has always borne of an amiable landlord and most honourable private character. Nevertheless, we heard abundant grumbling from some of the tenants, that their rents were too high, coupled with the statemeut that they felt sure that if Lord Mountcashell could do so that he would be glad to reduce their rents. We have not the slightest doubt, from what we saw and beard, that land is at present too high let in the north of Ireland. But the present depression of the empathy is not likely to last, mid land will again rise in a few yeats. The Mountcashell estates are parcelled out in small farms, held by leases of various tenures. A few years ago the tenantry offered to give Lord Mountcashell 100,0001., raised amongst themselves, if he would give leases for ever. It is said that Lord Mount eashell offered leases in perpetuity on payment of ten years' rent, and that after having accepted these terms from a few of the tenants to whom they were offered, he then got frightened at the idea of leasing out all his estate. There was always a run ning gale on the property, and he then offered to those of his tenants who paid up the half-year's rent leases for 21 and 20 years. By referring to his rental book, so ably drawn up by his lordship's solicitor, Mr. P. Scott, of Dublin, we found that in the year 1846 Lord Mountcashell executed a vast number of leases fcr 30 years. The late W. W. Simpson, of London, strongly urged Lord Mountcashell rot to execute, but it is said that his lordship gave the leases from a spirit of honour, having promised them. The estate has, certainly, not teen injured by the leases, as there is no agitation going on amongst the tenantry, who are content with their tenure. From the estates of Lord Mountcashell there were amongst the 227 inmates of the Ballymena Work house 9 off the Galgorm estate, 9 off the Kells, 1 from Braid, and 7 from Glenwhirry. The greatest number of inmates during the famine time in the Bally mena Workhouse was 1,230. Poor rates in the union vary from Is. 4d. to 25., part of the assessment being 6d. for the rate in aid, and the rest to cover the debts of the famine time and building expenses. The economic condition of a district is best shown by poor law statistics, and the fact that on the 17th October there were out of the 227 paupers in the whole dis trict 56 in the infirmary, 2 in fever hospital, 82 in the schoolroom, and 87 in the body of the house, suffi ciently speaks for the absence of pauperism in the 23 division. of Ballymena union. We could detect in the County of Antrim, notwith standing its prosperity and icdnstry, the want of resi dent proprietors. Good resident landlords, with inde pendent fortunes cannot but be a great advantage to a rural district. The Ballymena estate, adjoining Lord Mountcashell on the eastern aide, is held by Mr. Sbafto Adair, the member for Cambridge, who is an enterprising and liberal landlord. lie has made abatements this year to his tenantry, on the condition that the allowance remitted in money will be applied to manuring their land better, and he has encouraged draining. Though not resident in the country, he repeatedly visits hie Ballymenaproperty, and he has a most excellent agent in Mr. Dickie, an extensive linen manufacturer, who superintends the Adair estates with much skill and intelligeoee. Mr. Shafto Adair is anxious to improve his tenantry, and to further the social ad vaucement of Ireland, and from his talents and libe ral turn of mind, may render very great service to the county of Mifflin. If the Mountcashell estates were sold amongst three or four proprietors who would reside on them, it would be a great advantage to all classes. The pea santry on them being such as would appreciate and welcome new landlords, bringing wealth and atten tion to the soil. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Nov. 4. It is expected that the election for the county of Limerick will take place before Christmas. The usual certificate of the vacancy was transmitted to the Speaker last week, and the warrant may be issued in three weeks. A local journal says : Henry O'Shea and John Gleason, Req., are to be conduct ing agents at the approaching election tor Captain Dickson. Sir Matthew Barrington, Son, and Jeffers, and John Fergu son, Esq., are to be conducting agents at the election for Wyndham Goold, Esq., who is brother-in.law of the Berl Du and son of the late Mr. Serjeant Goold. Thomas Fitzgerald, Erg., barrister-at-law, has declared himself a candidate. Mr. Fitzgerald also offered himself on the former vacancy, bat withdrew from a contest with Mr. Dickson, the deossred member. The friends of the tenant movement confidently expect that they will have but little difficulty in put ting Mr. John Francis Maguire into Dangarvon, not withstanding the influence of the Duke of Devon shire. Mr. Maguire has already contested that borough with Mr. Shell, and is pledged to the electors to coots forward at the next vacancy. The Freeman's Journal has the following : STTPINDIARY MAOIRTIATIS,—WO Understand that the vacancy created by the death of Maier Snow and the retire ment of Mr. Pluaket are about being filled up Immediately; and that Mr. Waldron Barrows% nephew and biographer of the celebrated Peter Burrows*, is likely to be nominated to one of them. Mr. Burrow's Is a member of the Irish bar, and hie antecedents give promise of his being an efficient The Lord Lieutenant has refused to mitigate the penalties inflicted by the city magistrates on spirit retailers for breach of the Sabbath. Min Catherine Hayes concluded on Saturday night one of the most etwoesaful engagements which have been witnessed of late years in a Dublin theatre. The Board of Trinity College has reduced the rents and forgives some years' fines on their estates in the barony of Beaman, in Berry. THE EXHIBITION OF -1 THE MONEY FOR THE BUILDMo . We understand that the following document Issued yesterday es by the Executive Committ ee to all Local Committe. Office for the Executive Ccanraittee, 1, p,,1 Palace yard, Westminster, Nev. 4 p am dirtmea by the El.ccutive Comm:;.: request that you win summon your heal commilet gather, and draw their attention to the fact that thi has arrived when the miyments oa account of the now erecting in Hyde-park must be made. A s L. , remaining for the execution of this grett ucdtmi,:re very short, the Executive Committee feel that n o for delay must be given on the part of the r sifters, and dirt the payments ought, tb.l , „ e b. bah Poncioally io the eioatroon.a. U„,l cinalutancts the Executive Committee relator_ hope that the contributions from your district may within the next month, at d refitted fr m tire, to the Bank of England (account of Barclay sad mhoe billion fund), and they trust that no exertiens be by the local committees to impress en the ziut . le bourbood that the scare en which it is to be carried tt depend on public exertion and liberality. I: is ir for the executive committee to say what will ti• ti ultimately required, but of this the local cornmirt. ot assured, that the greatest economy is be .1 3 pri c k accounts are regularly audited, and that, ssoul4 t butions exceed the requirement, the surplus will ht applied in connection with the ends of the rwhiOit. r. the estatliehment of similar exhibitions for tl.c (tear,. I am, sir, your most obedient serves;, Id. DI6BY IV Yd.', P , S rf P.S. I am directed to cc quest that you w:11 roma: this letter to the chairmen of your CO=M:ttCe o-d of Jour town (if there be one) m 0,1'4 si p.•si ,:c. MATERIALS FOR THE " CRYSTAL PAL LETTER 11. BIRMINGRANI, In my last I endeavoured to convey an process of manufacture of some of the rials to be employed in the erection cf l' edifice. This letter is intended to inf rx on the subject of the vast amount of sk nuity that bee been brought to besr in I thousand and one mutters of detail c. 9 i,.c A., the iron work. Bat before I proceed, yuu mit me to correct an error in the min. of ri portance. In describing the:lncome , . of t!. where the girders are cut at Woodsiee, it re . " the floor is strewn over with huge the word" iron" should be su'Ati!tre '. To your readers the mistake will be ehriro.. however, such an one as is worth corr. -tit g. About three miles from teem in tl._ , Smethwick, and county of &afford, rot very f-r f the spot which is the boundary li^e of the ad county of Warwick, is situate the Meagre. Fox, Henderson, and Co., London Works." It is a fine range standing on a commudirg eminene from the Lighthouse which LOW rear column upon the premises, thereby enabi get a sort of panoramic view of the busy duetry h, low, they present a most intererei ance. Upon the whole, I thirk it is the most compact range of buildings in South shire. Ten years ago the plan of these work laid down by Mr. Fox; they were erected and superintendence, and everything appears to be highest scale of completenees. The extent of business carried on here is enor and the varied character of the manufactureda produced is almost beyond belief. Yon can s, put your hard upon a thing connected with a way (excepting the rails themselves) which is made at the London Works; in fact, almost CV, production that iron can be made available in, cite by machinery or otherwise, is manufactured ,ere. The part which Messrs. Fox, Henderson, and ( have taken in the matter of the Exhibitlon buil !; is a most important one : they are, as is well kin , the contractors for the work throughout. The area.. meat for carrying out Mr. Paxtoi,'a design . development and embodiment of his views—te - taring and perfeceing of every matter of de has been schemed, matured, and executed It London Works • and as a very eminent erg :veer Cubitt) was heard to declare the other say, to Fox must be awarded the praise fur the genius, !. skill, and the invective spirit he has displayed carrying out this noble and novel work. When the building is raised and completed thr oat, people looking upon it full of wonderincrt admiration, will scarcely have an idea of the •!! amount of labour and contrivance that has been in aid in preparing its minutest sections—in Ec: mere matters of detail; these have, however, of the moat difficult, as they are the moat essetthli mcnts in carrying out withcompleteaees the de-igr. these minatim—these mere fittings as they in far: s —there will be required the enormous number nearly 70,000 castings ; there are from 6014 a hundred descriptions, some of them of the v, smallest kind, including such articles as strws, ,h; standards, bands, brackets, outlets, rain-wan base mouldings, caps for columns, transepts, mem tal tiles for roof, etirc. and at tbe time I visited tie works, there were ' being received dilly from : building ground orders for such numbers of k1:1 castings as were found to be required as the progresses, that in all probability the large nun I have put down above will be swelled out ate!: ten thousand before the building is completed. .in when it is taken into account that, for every one these different castings a drawing must first be inm and that thereafter the drawing must be fasaioced wood; that each and every one of these (not excel ing the large columns and girders made at Woodei , : has been done by Fox, Henderson, and Co. ; that t's are preparing all the columns in wood ; all the hi it in-panes which give to a certain part of the buildi en arched appearance, as seen in the drawings, will be at once seen that their responsibil and the amount of their labour in the erection the mighty structure has been indeed grey And the visitor who looks at the progress of the wer ktirr4 n a in Hyde-park, may at almost anfmiTaute, from to - 0. in the morning until ten at night, see Mr. Fox him..• ' planning, supervising, and directing the erection Le the splendid fabric with which his name must be I. r ever associated. AS I walked through the works, Mr. Stokes, one ci the partners who accompanied me, pointed out the shed in which the men were actively engaged in coo: ing the columns and girders, on the same principle al I described at Woodside; here, however, I noticed especially the process of facing the ends ci the columns by means of self-acting laths' the method was exceedingly ingenious, sad the work performed with remarkable Fee' sion. It would be useless to describe minunly the process by which the small castings are produced. I shall rather prefer noticing such general matte!! is occurred to me in my stroll through the works. Noce the exhibition work has been in hand, there nee been employed, almost night and day, some 30 set. eons making patterns from the drawings, and, 5: boast, 120 moulders. In one part of the works re men were busily engaged in making the galvsPi'id plates to be employed in ventilating the beildie:: and in another the wrought-iron pipes, pier" under M. Chemeroy's system, were being made for the drainage; the aiphalte was made and the , s' tenor of the pipes covered with it under roof ; the inside of earl ing with bitumen in the acids and alkalis. In every shop, and works, the hammer, the lathe, are in full p. and producing all sorts the largest to the - sixteen hours daily. see men shaping e.._ enormous size ; in another, clueing almost the mine' into which I went, and twenty lathes all ._ of an open space, which form of a square, is th are propelled two eogines,e give life to the great memo' The weight of the castings —they are almost universal] character of the two establi of work they are calculated War differing meat' multiplicity what the Their weekly produce tons. r the covered with it under the .ach undergoes a process of cop , order that the metal may ret" . s. d on every floor throughout ell , and the forge, and the anvil, play, and they go on fashionitg wee of designs and patterns—ft , ' smallest size—from fourtew to In one part of the building and welding ships' anchors of another, the smallest lithe, Pa minutest patterns. In two Wei" there must have been a b onen " Jl In fall operation. In therefor meting. 3 wgraihnaasiecheothpmerheaocd7whlceonhoredkryrshese;ereonpothvwearyeapreardes:inot:l is the boiler-hou se; from niversally large at Woodside "" o establishments, and the spento &whited to produce in this Pirt.' ntially ; here th e y g ain by Lbei t he other achieves in inagnien?! tee of castings averages ohJut