The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-12 00:00:00

hit erprtoo. OUTGOING MAILS. The West ladia Mills, embalm Bermuda, Ilmsausb, Neer., dune, New Orleans, eel Mexico, _sad iseindiep there ear Madeira, St. Jasa-de-Niseragas, New Granada, Chill, sad Panorul be made ap en Jan. 17. TM wails for Lisboa, Spaini, and Gibraltar will be wade op mhos. 17. The imam fin Gibraltar, Malta, Grum, the leaks Islands, /0179% Ogles. India, sad China, We Ileathaispeen, will be wade ap MI the of Ise. 19. Tia mai via Marseilles. to the Mediterranean, Iffpt, ledia, Boariesi, As., will be wade ap ea lb. ...alai of Jen. 24. The wage for Bridals North Armories and the UMW Stews will be wade ap ea the evening of lam 26. TM mils hr Modern", the Brasile, sad Beams Arld,wal be wade sp ea the evesiag al Feb. 4. SlOll warn AT LO1f1:1011 PRIM& Tur Da -.NoblAb. lika. AIIIIMNS. Ib. 111*. I'..A•amar-Illinime. 10a..........A5AmMa. Ib. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 12. APROPOS to the extension of the &maims the tory papers tell as that they have so objection whatever to go into the whole system of electoral revision with • view to revise the abuses which hove crept into the worlds( of the Reform Act. The Tortes are wise. They see, all Mr. CORDER hie told them, that the time is miming when the agriculturalists of England will be among the Mat strenuous parliamentary and financial re homes ia the land. The tory leaders and their spas in the press ars themselves not a bit more millions for parliamentary reform now than they were in 1831. Bat they feel the difficulty and the baseness of their position. They know that they bare not a single interest in common with those they ass sow ; and, knowing this, they would fain papaw themseres for the coming day, when they My he Ismod to adopt views and plans of action asserfileg lees with their own principles, bet with the &mails of the nation. The protectionist party therefore throw overboard the principle of finality. They acknowledge the Re form Bill imperfect; let us, if you please, they say, have a sasesar• of =midmost. Bat let that measure be a large and general measure. Let it not be limited to the right of voting, but let it relate to the whole scheme of the Reform Bill ; the composition of the catstitseaciss, and the arrangement of electorates. We are glad of the opportunity of addressing the protectionists in this humour, and of showing them a few more of the abuses of the system at present in existence. We bare commented once or twice on the numerical disparities of the coostituencies ; we have shows also cm on. or two occasions the anomalous composition of what are " borough towns;" and a few days ago we took an opportunity of exhibiting in review the small boroughs of England. and the in flamer, at work in them. To-day we will refer to some of the unrepresented towns of England ; and we be speak the sympathy of the protectionists for the large masses of their fellow countrymen, who are, as we shall show, excluded from the franchise skogether. We take first the very large unrepresented places. Kensington, by common consent, heads the list. Here is a metropolitan district with a population, if Chet ma, Hammersmith, and Chiswick are included, of nearly 80,000, which by some mischance was excluded altogether from the benefits which were conferred upon other metropolitan districts under the Reform Act. The privileges of disfranchised Sudbury ought to be transferred to this district forthwith. Well, then we come to a place which may almost be considered as another metropolitan suburb—we mean Croydon. Here is an important and rapidly biome lag town of more than 20,000 of population entirely unrepresented, whilst the next place in the same county, Reigate, returns a member with only 4,000 population. In the other division of Surrey there is a similar anomaly. Kingston-upon-Thames and Richmond, with a population of 23,000, are norepre suited, whilst the town of Guildford, with a popu lation of less than 6,000, returns two members. Let us next go down the river into Kent. There is Gravesend, with a population of 17,000, rapidly increasing : Margate and Ramsgate, with popula tions amounting to more than 25,000, increasing likewise. Surely Harwich, with its 4,000 people and 181 electors, might transfer its two members to these important towns. In the North there are a number of large places which are fairly entitled to consideration. Prescot and St. Helen's, in Lancashire, have • population of between 40,000 and 50,000: if the whole parish of Presoot is taken'into account, of not lees than 60,000. Bingley and Keighley, in Yorkshire, have 35,000 ; Barnsley, in the same county, 17, 000 ; Dewsbury, 24,000. In Lancashire there are Burnley with 17,000, °rankle* with 20,000, and Kirkham with 15,000 souls. Here are, offhand, a dozen places which might properly . share in the right of representation, and is which might be transferred at least one member from such doubly-represented towns as Thetford, Lymin4 tee, Dorchester, Buchnsham, Richmond, Morpe Wells, Huntingdon, Ludlow, Tewkesbury, Wenlock, Leominster, and other pla ces which we need not Mom. At the head of another series of places which ought tabs cnsidered,we should place West Bromwich, a most important member of the mining district of Stafford shire, with a population of 30,003. Nearly every vil lage surrounding West Bromwich is included in one or other of the adjacent boroughs. Wolverhampton takes in Willenhall, Bilston, and Sedgley ; Bir mingham takes in Edgbaston and several town ships. Walsall comes close op to West Bromwich vz Hasa, in side, and Dudley adjoins it on the other. in the midst of a great borough district, are 30,000 people left without representation, or rather thrown into the agricultural districts surrounding Lichfield, Tamwarth, and Stafford, places with which they hays no connexion, bat by which their electoral privileges are swamped. This place either ought to have a member of its own, or might be joined with a part of Birmingham to return two represent atives. Another case we would mention is the came of Derlingtou in Durham, a most flourishing town, with 12,000 inhabitants. Darlington, at the ye ast meant, is absolutely the pivot point of all the commercial and mercantile memos of an im mune tract of country. Perhaps mare money passes through this one place than through all the county of Dorset. Yet Darlington has been excluded from all share is the representatioa, whilst every small town Is ifs such as Thirsk, Northallerton, Ripon, &a, hes been sending members. Stooktes-upon-Tees is another town similarly etc:l 6 7lth Darlington. Farther south we have with warty 13,000 ; Charley, with 1770073Iansfiel with 10,000 population. Ches terfield, in North Derbyah t re. is also a place which has some claim to return a member, either alone or in coanexioa with another place. Its population is 12,000, and it is situated in a division of a county which, strange to an ,doss not oriels a single borough. =borough, in , a tows with 11,000 mug also have claims, and in Eon certainly ass of the members for Malden ought to be tzaniferred to Cludindard, an unrovernated motes town, with 10,000 nitabitants. whilst Malden, returning two manse% has only 5,000, and is a poor place besides. la meatioaing these places vibe?* cursorily passed in review most of the piastre unrepresented large towns and please which present pressing claims. There are a nambsrefisnaller places which ought tobe taken into ac osuatiarporranging the electoral systemof the eatery. Inimiegtes has a 'popeation of 14,000, and is very ' improperly dissevend from Warwick in respect of dotard privileges. Trowbridge . , Wilts, with a popes*a is the town and its vic inity of little less Bela 16,000, should be joined with Westbury, the boaadary of which borough ought to be revised. Danstallbl and Watford desire to be represented; possibly they might be attached to St. Albans. Be dale, in Yorkshire, might make a borough with the two small towns of Northallerton and Think. Maidenhead, with 3,000 population. might he joined to Marlow and Wycombe, which we urgently desire to see united, in order is quash the impure influences which prevail in each. Glastonbury ought to be added to Wells ; Weresiolaw, with its population of 7,000, seems a preps, piece to attach to Wilton or to Freon. Be nin them places, there occur to us Romford and Brentwood, is Been, which have, jointly, populations of 13,000; sad Tunbridge, Tonbridge Wells, and p iu l a Sevenoaks, in Kent, which, jointly, have dons of 21,000. These places possibly as' f t con stitute boroughs. Watley, in Oxfordshire . 7,000 inhabitants, and Burford and Bamptan 6,000 more. If the wretched borough of Wooden* is to retain its right of sending a member, it might probably be united with these places or some other', m se to gi it at least an appearance of bider embass." In same way if Bt. Ives continues a lossongl, it m properly be connected with Pagialie, unrepipl• seated town of 9,000 inhabitants. If the people are to be satisfied, it seems to as per fectly clear - that them large unrepresented towns can , not any longer be permitted to go unrepeesented whilst sixty rotten borong_he are returning nearly a hundred members to the Boo's of Commons, repro- meting propitiations which scarcely average 3,000 for • member. Large town. like Kensington and Croy don, Gravesend and Goole, are left out of the borough system of Egghead altogether, whilst constituencies have been mule up of large parishes sunnenediag little plass% Ilke Westbury and Wallingford, merely ogine these pines a &dittoes importance in the scale f isdiwininhingspountation. Bat the hollowness of Ile whole Meg are semis exposed, and it is the fault et the people *smarm if they allow each a system to be perpetaated, now that there seems an available opprtanity of correcting it. Tim railway audit question, it cannot be too fo goeedy repeated, Is altogether a shareholder's ques tion. D i rectors are merely their representatives in the natter. If the proprietaries prefer a government &edit, directors have only to bow and submit with the test grace they can muster. If they repudiate goverment anapestic. or supervision of their affairs, on se solid growth known to our constitution or oar habits, hes the government any right to force its interference on railway companies f Now, as the shareholders of nearly every railway com pany have on two separate occasions pro nounced against government audit, the directors have as strong mesons for holding independent audit to be the wish of their constituencies as declarations, resolutions, and returns can afford. Directors are ap pointed to attend to the interests and carry out the wishes of their shareholders; and in endeavouring to improve the existing system of independent audit Mr. GLYN and his associates are simply doing their duty to those who have imposed on them responsibi lities which, however eagerly sought once, moot men would now shuffle off with very great satisfaction to themselves. Whether the scheme of independent audit, devised by Mr. GLYN and the other delegates, be sufficient to protect shareholders from all the varied dangers that environ railway invitements, is another and quite a distinct question. But here again railway thareholders are omnipotent—if only they choose to act. If the scheme be insufficient, they had an op portunity afforded them of rejecting it in foto, or of suggesting improvements or of enUAituting another plan. How they have used this opportunity will appear at the adjourned mreting of the delegates on the 17th. But if they have not made the most of it; if they have not shown how the plan can be im proved; or, thinking it radically defective, if they have not rejected it, Mr. GLTN and hie associates cannot be blamed if they treat their scheme as having substantially the sent of railway proprietors, and ' persevere in bringing it before parliament. Formerly, railway directors had far too much of the confidence of their constituencies; now they have much too little. Then they could do nothing wrong ; now they can do nothing right. The shares were at a high premium ; now shares are at a great discount. Then every one was anxious to invest his money in railway stock ; now every one is so desirous of getting his money out, that any consider able rise in the value of railway property appears to be quite impoesible. Hostility to directors is now the natural position assumed by shareholder. Thus, for example, the proprietary of the York, New castle, and Berwick Company lately elected by large majorities a new set of directors ; yet, at the very first general meeting of the company, the new board was met by almost as much opposition and by as many hard words as ever the old board had been. Now, this tendency to perpetuate discord in railway com panies, to make want of confidence a chronic com plaint in railway affairs, to be for ever finding fault alike with the weightiest concerns and with the small est trifles of these corporations is, to our appre hension' the worst feature in railway politics. Let the affairs of every company be thoroughly over hauled, by all means; let the whole history of its concerns be written so plainly that he who runs may read ; let there, above all things, be the utmost publicity of management for the future; give share holders far greater powers of inspection and control than they now poems ; let every man tainted, sus d, or incompetent, be driven from the various boards; but, this being done, let confidence and con cord (for perfect unanimity , Is hopeless) be restored; and let shareholders and directors pull together for their common end—an improvement of dividends honestly earned. Without improved feelings and relations between railway constituencies and their directors, railway affairs cannot be satisfactorily managed. Now, whilst we admit that directors themselves have much to do to improve these relations, we must also think that shareholders have not a little to do. The utmost frankness, the most complete truthfulness, the most resolute economy, are what us wanted from directors; some little confidence, some small faith, some more extended view than the Stock Exchange list are quite as indispensable on the part of share holders. Prima are low and tempers are short; but quarrelling, wrangling, abusing, at railway meetings, make prices and tempers worse, instead of better. Indignation on the first discovery of the nefarious transactions which have disgraced railway affairs, and brought a stigma and a reproach on the country, was all very natural and proper at first ; bat the prolonga tion of passion and anger is ill calculated to remedy the evils. If we have to wait for better prices as an indispensable condition to improved discussion of railway affairs, proprietors will, as Mr. Prrr told parliament when milled on for an apology, " have to wait long enough." It were, we soggestimuch more preferable to try the simpler mode of improving the tone of discussion at railway meetings ; for to render, by fractiousness and universal dissatisfaction, good management impossible, is the way least likely to ant favourably on the value of shares. When • thorough exposure of past mismanage ment has been effected, the wont to be gained is good management for the future ; and to secure it, the leas the railway mind dwells on the past and the more it is directed to the future the better. The days of high dividends are either peat or suspended ; the Lys of honestly earned dividends have come into fashion. Now, the great problem is how increase them; hew railways can be more cheaply worked; whe ther by lower rates of speed, or by fewer trains, or tulighter descriptions of engines and carriages. are all questions needing the coolest judg mnt, the most matured information, and the most un semitting attention. But what railway director will, or 4111% all ;bees faculties into play, who is liable, edam's: he meets his constituents, to be bully- Valike a HUDSON ? is part of the professional policy of a contem pussy much given to the promotion of strife, to mathage 11l ings between railway proprietors eel dkabrs ; and, by the tyranny it exercises over the wear and more excitable portion of the public, It has te arms extent been successful in this policy. But hot as suppose its success to be complete, and that discord be perpetuated. The result is obvious, that railways will, sooner or later, fall into the hands of government, and that, too, for au old song. This is the but in differently concealed object of the policy of railway discord. Yet such a concluaion would be equally dis utrous to the country and to shareholders; to share holders, because railways would only be purchased by government on terms diaadvantsgeou to the vendors; to the country, because bad as independent management in some oases has been, government ma sagement, all experience proclaims, would be much worse. Good dividends hereafter can only be worked out by good management ; and where doubt, and savi ors, and jealousy, and dissatisfaction prevail amongst propistars as a rule of action and conduct, good maaagesissit is unattainable. No exaggerated or IMOSIONSry confidence is wanted or wished for; but auk • ral assumption of right intention and right eo•dsstaswill insure harmony and co-operation in rail way oseperations. If madam cannot be reposed in one set of directors, let smother to which faith can be given be elected. But support from the general body the boards of railway companies must have, or their affairs cannot go on profitably. Now, the question of railway audit is exactly one in which confidence ought to be shown, and whence renewed cordiality between proprietors and di rectors ought to flow. Mr. GLYN and his t friends are as desirous as any section of share- THE EXPRES, 44.• arld A l T t e lr i ti hate 11 °' sirt, sad bra I opal to ismortioos, some wham they rain' ada it cortaidly - *ill be lites credits *V on t& laishigenos et t e - oorieet Min, or ass mass of onlepreservatioa which most map Idiom if the whole body of railway shareholders iii[ to devise $ pita to avert what they have twice assaissomly sawismed, a goverment audit. FRANCE. PABIS, Puois, 660 i.x. The bill oa primary teachers took up the whole sitting yesterday in the Legislative Assembly, As an the preceding day, the precentor were not of a veryinteresting &meter, and the sitting doped without the dispassion being delleitively brought to a clue. Not lees than three - divider teak plea in the puree of the day, the last being is the adoption of Art. 6. The result in all the assn woe In favour of the government measure. We read in the Pattie of yesterday evening :- 0 We learn with the most lively satisfaction that the government has jut decided, in a Council of Minis ters, that it will immediately send an expedition to La Plata. It was positively stated at the Assembly that the squadron would be composed of one or two frigates and several small steamers. The expedition will be placed under the command of Admiral Do bonniest, who will units to the command full diplo matic powers. The effective strength of the troops to be sent, will be 2,000 men, under the immediate command of Colonel Lannes de Montebello of the 7th &usenet. _ _ _ The cabinet, seeing the want of success of military negotiations at Rome, is on the eve of despatching Cardinal Dupont to treat with the Pope. The Aseetabkle Natiewsk contains the followMg " Something extraordinary is sang on in certain regions of the political world. It MOMS that a sketch is being made of an important page in history. Difficulties are weighed, means of action counted, the part of each is fixed in expectation of the decisive choment. We shall have occasion soon to speak of the extraordinary things that are being rumoured." Without attaching any great importance to this mysterious statement, it may be tam as confirming the rumour afloat as to an approaching appel au peupk. Assembly was again occupied with the clauses of the bill on primary teachers to-day. Various amendments having been rejected, and the remaining articles adopted without discussion. M. Leo de Laborde moved the following additional clause : --- %The present law, essentially temporary, shall only re main in foie. during the six months Molting its promulga ties. If, at the expiration of those six months, the organic law on primary and secondary instruction be not voted, all the decrees, laws, or ordinances, which now regulate primary instruction, shall be virtually abrogated, and that branch of instruction become completely free. „ M. Leo de Laborde said, that he did not combat the law because it wu unconstitutional; such an argu meat was too silly. (Laughter.) He opposed it because it was inefficacious and contrary to the pun ciples he had advocated previous to the revolution of February. He was not conmquentiy a comedian of the last 18 years. Although he did not consider society as deeply menaced as many thought, yet he admitted there was an evil which required a prompt and energetic remedy. It was for that reason he con sisted to the temporary enforcement of an arbitrary law, in the hope of conquering in the end, and for for over, liberty of instruction. The Assembly did not concur in the above clause. M. Lavergne next moved, "that the six months should only commence on the let of March," being seavinceed that the ministry so earnestly desired the adoption of the law in order to influence the ap preaching elections. This propoeition was likewise rejected. M. Noel Parfait then rose and asked ministers if they intended to apply the provisions of the law to the dismissed schoolmasters who hare opened esta blishments in the parishes where they exercised their functions. (" Yes ! yes!" on the Right.) He wished to be reassured on that head, although he had little confidence in the promises of ministers, and believed them capable of everything. (Loud murmur@ on the Right.) None of the ministers thinking proper to reply, a ballot took place on the entire bill, when there sp peered— Voters Absolute majority.. For the bill Against it . 608 . 305 . 385 . 223 Majority.. .. .. 162 The bill was accordingly declared to be adopted. The bureaux avembled before the public sitting to discus the government motions for additional pay to nos-commissioned officers. several members pro- tested against what they called an unworthy means of seeking popularity. The committee chosen is unanimously opposed to the motion. According to the bank returns published to-day, the augmentation of the metallic reserve continues, being upwards of 4 millions in Paris, and 11 millions in the provincial banks. The discount accommodation he increased in Paris about t of a million, and fallen off in the departments 31 millions, the amount of the former being 46,563,382 fr., and of the letter 73,555,552(r. The protested bills are about 40,000 fr. lees in Paris, and about 30,000 fr. less in the provinces, the amount of the former being 2,226,4381 r., and of the latter 1,687,270 fr. On the side of t he liabilities, the notes in circulation have increased about 5 millions in Paris, and about j of a million in the pro vinces, The account current of the treasury bas declined half a million, the amount at present being .71,545,591 fr. Private accaunts current in Paris have increased 11 millions, and in the depart ments have fallen off 41 millions, the amount of the former being 79,917,255 franca, and of the latter, 25,282,868 francs. The whole amount of the metalic reserve is now 438 millions to 4571 millions of notes in circulation. - The committee charged to examine the proposition of M. Betting de Leacastel, to fix the number of the ministers and the nature of their attributions, yester day heard M. Emile de Girardin, whom it had in vited to come before it to explain his views on the subj ect The second report of the committee on the proposi tion to prevrnt cruelty to animals has just been pre vented by General de Grammont. It tends to have persons so offending punished with a fine of from Mr. to 15fr., and an imprisonment of from one to five days. Two.thirds of the fine is to go to the commune, and one-third to the informer. The expense to be occosioned by the augmentation to the pay of the sub-officers is 1,788,091 fr. The eco nomies which the minister of war proposes effecting in order to provide for that Nun will amount to' 2,023,936 francs, being more than the mm re quired. The minister of war proposes to suppress two squadrons of the park train, four companies of military equipages, and one company of military workmen. Toss number of sub-officers in the army is about 24,470. ?AVS, 3Ast.ll. Par Maw. 3 per Cent& I per Coats. 3 do. New Lou. 34 tor Celt& 4 per Coda 87 63 94 11) ails 73)0 a.....6.1,0ndin DV. 5, 1649 6 UM Itompay Hoods— Da 1 annam—Piris and 011an5, " 022 SO ; Paris and Boma, 390 ; Bonen sad Einem —; Avignon andAlanielEss, 217 50; Strasbourg and Bads, 11673 ; Weans .ad Bordamm, 113 75; Psr and Strasbourg, SW ; Tours and Nantes, 275 ; Dieppe and Fireamp, —; Versailles (right bank), • do. (het bank), 166 75; Orleans mad llama, 1112 50 Paris ad Boom, 590 ; St. Germain, 110 ; North, 403; Aden and Boulogne, 199. For Aacoont. r• Opus* MOW. Lama. Ckslag. $7 65 87 60 87 05 57 75 94 10 91 50 94 10 94 25 54 days ; 15 45 ; 90 days, IS 84 aasy. I !Apia "Wes 97 . 50 Mow ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—The &auto of Florence publishes letters from Rome, 31st tilt., and from Naples, 2nd inst. It appears from this correspondenos that the papal loan is not concluded, nor likely to be so for some time to come; but that the Pope, ne vortheless, has declared his intention of returning to his capital in a few days. PIEDMONT.—The Concordia of Turin states from Genoa, 4th, that a serious collision took place on the let between the tirmileurs and some soldiers of the giid• et SA* no latter bang on (laiy alike root de Pik's, bid arrested a tirailkm for Insidiing a woman. His ocanindes, on learning his Mar tend in form, sad besieged the post, his release. Ile goad resisted. and charged 1111 yeasts ths tiraillents commenced an attack, in which all wounds were given and received. A relnforssuent of men of the brigade of Savoy artitsd, and the atingle became tern& ; but the alms, rueb in between the combatants, succeeding in restoring GERMANY. ,‘, JANUARY 12, 1800:. ALTERATIONS IN THE PRUSSIAN CONSTI- TUTION. In the Esprets of yesterday we published, from the Cologne Gaulle, short summaries of the altera tions proposed to be mad* in the constitation of Prus sia, and of the royal manage in which these proposi tions were conveyed. Our Berlin correspondent informs us that he despatched a telegraphic message from Berlin on the 9th cast, conveying fall informa tion on all the points contained in the royal message, but that the censorship to which his . despatch was subjected by the officials of the government, makes him fear that it would be of little service. The telegraphic message was delayed, from what canes we know not, and did not arrive until the morning, with the usual correspondence of the same date, which issatains a full account of all the alterations proposed. BERLIN, JAN 9 . At the of the sittings of the Chan • the ter this morning the president of minietry in formed the deputies that he had been oommismoned by his Majesty to propose several alterations in the constitution. He then read the following royal message: We,Ftedartek hereby deeds» that we are willing to Five our royal omelet to the essititatioa of the fah Dseesaber, r revised by the Chamber Bat, m several ot►er attentions appear tows to be smarm upon the nom careful monidderation sad orasination ; sad, as we cannot gin up the hope that it may be possible, before the close of the present labour of revision, definitively to determine the principles on which an Upper Chamber shall be formed, we have ordered to be laid before the Cheatham, for their consideration, an exposition of the alteratfrns which we propose shall be made, in order to carry into execution that part of the constitution which requires that it should be swam to by Ul. . For onrpart, we anxiously wait for the moment at which the constitution shall be perfected; but the more sacred we consider the oath to be which we shall have to take, the greeter is the impression upon our mind of the duties which God hes imposed upon us for our beloved Vaterland ; and we entertain the confilence in the representatives of the nation, that they will acknowledge and honour, as a proof of our royal conscientiousness, the alterations which we pro - poem shall be made for the " improvement of the constitu tion." At this same time, we mast express thidesire that the deli. heretical of the Chamber on these proposals, particularly in reference to the laws concerning the press and the rights of 'emaciation (pars. 24 and 28 of the constitution), and, with re !meet to the experience recently gained, shall be accele. rated, so that our government, after the completion of the constitution, shall be enabled to maintain peace and order in the country without the adoption of exceptional measures. We confidently expect that here, too, there shall be no question of mutual concessions, but rather the mutual en deavour to establish the happiness and glory of our Vater. land. Given at Potsdam. the 7th of January, l&SO. (Signed) FRIDIUICIL WILLIAM, and countersigned by all the Ministry. The president of the ministry then read a docn ment,appended to the royal message, emmerating the several alterations proposed to be made. They are as follows : 1. Par. 26 and 29 are to be struck out. (Par. 26 says a special law is to regulate education. Par 29. If the author of any illegal publication is known, the publishers, venders, petite,. commissioners, itc. are not to be prosecuted.) 2. Par. 35 and 36 are to run thus :—" The army includes all the divisions of the standing army and Landuehr. In cue of war the Icing can call out the Landaltirm. The law provides for the further particulars." 3. Par. 106 (which treats of the parochial circle district and provincial associations) is to receive the following addiuoa—" For the maintenance of peace audio accordance with a special law for the purpose , a paro chial protective or civic militia may be established by parochial resolution." 4. Par. 42 is to be altered as follows: " The creation of feudal tenures is prohibited ; those in existence are to be changed into free property. The law will facilitate the change of the Fidel Consomme, and reenlist(' the institution of new ones. Until then, the creation of any new ones is prohibited." 5. The paragraph determining . the responibility of mi nisters is to run thus: " The minute* are mponsible to the king end the country." 6. With resret to the Chamber, the present:rules are to be clanged into the following: " The king convokes the Chamber and prorogues their sittings. He can dissolve both or either. After the lapse of 60 days the electors are to assemble; after 90 days, the deputies." 7. Par. 64 is to receive the following addition : " Finan cial projects are to be laid first before the Second Chamber." 8. With respect to the Upper Chamber, the following is the proposed alteration :—" The Upper C hamber consists (a) of the royal princes who are of see, and whom the king may call upon to take their seats ; (5) of the heads of the imperial Roble houses and families who shall receive by royal ordina tion the right of a seat, and vete according to the law of pri mogeniture. Aspecial law is to regulate how the possession of land shall be dealt with in the matter (c) of members to be appointed by the king for life, not to exceed in number a tenth of the members under (6); (d) of 60 members who ass to be chosen by direct election from the 200 highest taxed landed proprietors in each province ; (c) of 30 members who are to be elected by the parochial representatives end the magistrates of tke large cities ; (1) of six members of the national universities to be elected by the ordinary professors. The whole number of members must not exceed 2'oo. The dissolution refers only to the elected members. 9. The Second Chamber consists of 350 members ; the electoral districts are to be determined by law ; they may consist of one or more circles or districts. 10. By legislative enactment, a special court of law may be created for high treason and crimes against the safety of the state. A special law is to determine the cases in which the other courts of law shall dispose such matters. 11. A law shall specify the judicial prosecution of all civil and military officials. 12. The commencement of Par. 106 is to sun thus :—" The law determines the representation of parishes, circles, and districts." 13. Par. 106 is to receive the following addition :—" The legal validity of constitutional laws can only be decided by the Chambers." 14. " The deputies to both Chambers and the government officials are to take the oath to the king and constitution. Th. way is not to take the oath." ' 46. " Until • new electoral law shall be published, the law der 1014 May, 1849, is to remain in foros." T Berisd Chamber has been occupied since the num is iiiiimissiog the budget of 1849.60. Most of the Moms refierring to the tcdircct tares have been paned. ST. PETERSBURG, DEC. 10.—By a stroke of his imperial pen, the Emperor his converted the Alexander Lyceum and the School for Jurisprudence, both of them civil institutions, into military schools. The professors ere henceforth to be officers as vacancies occur, end are to be appointed by Prince Peter von Oldenburg. The Ohara moat have obtained the rank of first lieutenant, sad not have puma that of major. From New Year's Day, 1850, only the ems of each of the aristocracy whose nobility has been legiti matised son be admitted into the fourth and upper classes. Admission to the lower classes is now awarded by his Ma- jest, to harshen,—Ms., to the sone of merchant; and oar aid% say, emu to the eons of Jews. These scholars are, hocrover, to pay higher fees, the amount of which shall be toed hereafter.—Cologne [Mufti. _ Tna HAOUE.—The Skater Counted Bays several of our public journals, in criticising the project of law for regu lating the interests of the Netherlands navigation, recently submitted, to the Second Chamber of the States General, took it foe granted that it is the intention of government to abolish, simultaneously with the privileges now granted to the national Bag, all difference in the customs dues on their importation into the colonies. Nothing, however, in the said project of law, or in the memorial accompanying the sae*, often the slightest ground for such an assertion. These projects, as well as the new Beglish navigation laws, have no other object lave that of regulating the tolls and cancan appertaining to navigation, with regard to the import dues on goods; the adoption of the proposed projects will only so far effect a change in the existing system that, whereas those goods which are now furnished with the certificate of Netherlands produce are admitted into our East India posse sions at a lower duty only if brought in under the Netherlands flag, such goods are in haute to have this pri vile(' extended when brought in under a foreign flag. ELIZA CHESTNEY.—This intrepid young woman, who is now residing at Wymondlram, where she is carry ing en the business of a milliner and dressmaker, is new so far recovered as to be able to walk up stairs and down, without the assistance of either a crutch Of stick. It mast be gratifying to those who have takes such deep interest iu this young woman, '.to learn that this sufferer is at length restored to the use of her limbs.—Norfolk New.. This Winer Ulna, at the 3rd inst. publishes a l a ttnejtay rifest from Se Minister et Flamm, on the condition and mimpects of the alumina empire. irrZreend to the Empror, and has rossived his approval. The ;report sommeness with an account of the different atramitie whisk lam bans taken for effecting the eaten et the Blamer Mi thatilkiMag points. 1. The detbdths mathmesit of the rotations between the State and the Bask of Visersy as the priacdpie of not &dish. W g an bums& in the sminint of bank sotto is stimulation. I. Tie liquidation and anserdeatke of the debt dae by the state to the beak. To Me purpose the sums paid as emapenestirs for the &radon war and a voluntary loan were to be applied. 3. Tie appointment oda ossunimien for tke reorganisation of the tonic. - 4. The tibidnation of the asthma upencUture, particu larly is reference to the army. fa The augmentation of*, asthma /mane. • The he.. of seem albs bipedal tesseary. Oa the first matt the Mishear ef Mama remarks that the emerald of beak new la elrudatisa hes a» been »mused dam the month of June last. At thee period they Ithemeted to 26,601,8971. At the sad if November last they amounted to 26,292,0191. and at the end of Decem ber they were only 26,117,i461., while, during that ported the sum of 6136,9321. was paid into the beak, both in money and notes, exclusive of the Sardinian compen sation, or indemnity, area the saw 41 per ant. leen. With regard to the second point, the report firm the debt he to the bank, by the state, at 14,142,4761. ; the sum of 2,400.0001. having been paid off, sad the new loan amount ing to 6,000,0001., iso that the debt, previous to July, was Neatly 25,142,4701. Ti,. 14,142,4764. which axe still due, will Ms the »Nano( ulterior deliberatioria. Oa the third point the report announces that the cent minion will he appointed as soon as the provincial summer let delegates shall have arrived in Vienne. The Minister of roman remarks that the appointment of this commis sion le of the greatest importance to the diff-rent provinces ea the empire ; and must, therefore, be deferred until the arrival of all the delegates. With reference to the 4th point the Minister of Finance remarks that the orders have already been given for a con siderable reduction of the army, and will take effect lath the Ist of January. Other preparations have been made for a still further reduction of the army, with the view of re storing it to the footing of a peace establisement. On point 6 the report says that important mealnaree have been adopted, or are in preparation, for the increasing the revenue of the empire. In the German sad liclavonian provinces an addition of a third had been made to the direct tales, and in the Lomberdo-Vesetian kingdom the ground tax h ad been increased 60 per cent. In the termer pro. vinaes the home to had been extended, and an illOOlll6 tax introduced, the adaptation of which to the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom was about to be effected. The excise duties upon spirits had been increased in the same previous, and placed upon the same footing in Galicia as in the other Ellavortian and German provinces. Sugar made from home produce had been taxed, and the tax i on foreign sugars for refining increased. Moreover the pro perties and peruse until now exempt from taxation in Hun gery, Lroatis, and Traneyleanis had been subjected to the same taxes and dues am in the other provinces. It is further in contemplation to raise the indirect taxation of Hungary, Croatia, and Transylvania to the same level as in the other provinces, and co to remove all differ ences between the various provinces. Finally, the Minister of Fiesta» hope* to be able very speedily to lay before the Emperor a project of law, for effecting a change in the law of stamp', which shall open new and productive sours» of revenue. In reference to point 6, the report says, that the issue of Imperial Treasury note. has not been carried into effect in consequence of the necessities of the state having bees fully supplied without increasing the amount of 3 per cent. notes in circulation. The amount of these notes at present in cir culation is 4,700,0001. The Minister of Finance, referring to this state of affairs, expresses the opinion t hat the financial position of Austria, undcr the circumstances of the case, is most satisfactory. The report then proceeds to refer to the loan authorised in the month of September last, and says that the Emperor's appeal to the nation had met with the most loyal and satis factory response, and the loan having been effected, the measures for decreasing the national expenditure and increas- I tog the revenue went hand in hand together. The amount of notes in circulation is gradually decreas ing, and the bullion in the bank increasing. The report then enters in detail into the suc:esiive variations in the price of the Austrian funds, showieg the special cause of each particular rise or fall between July and December of the last year. From this part of the rex rt we quote the following paragraph, illustrative of the effects of the agitation in England, undertaken last atilumn, against the Austrian loan. The Minister of Finance has just been referring, in somewhat sneering terms, to the feeling shown by the Exchange of Vienna at the time when the result of the Hungarian war was still undecided, ar.d he then goes on to say : When our victorious armies encountered the enemies of the empire in the open field, the latter were active in endea vouring to create in the public mind a not lets dangerous struggle against the power of Austria. They endeavoured to undermine the confidence is the continuance and strength of the state, and sought to make the world believe that our Loire, shaken as it was by internal warfare, would not over ne its enemies. Immediately afterwards he says . : Above all, the part which foreign countries took in this loan was made groat use of, and in consequence the sums received from them were not so large as might have been ex pected. The report then proceeds to deny the statements made that Austria is approachica a national bankruptcy, and ex presses a hope that the account of the income and expendi ture just published by the government will tend to disprove them. (For these returnssee Dairy News of Monday.) Having thus disposed of the question of national bank ruptcy, the report next deals with the desire shown in the south western provinces of the empire to deteriorate the financial position of the empire, and alter informing the authors of the movement of the disgraceful nature of their successful attempt, holds up as a contrast the extraordinary readiness and willingness exhibited by the inhabitants of the other provinces in subscribieg to the Four and-a-Half per Cent. Loan. On the 15th of December only 1.800,000 J. had been subscribed, the amount bad now reached 3,600,0001. This the Minister of Finance considers anotner proof of the existence of perfectconfidence, both at home and abroad, in the financial position of the empire. The report then compares the national debt of England, France, Prussia, and other countries with that of Austria, and draws the meet favourable conclusions from the fact that in the latter empire it ts much lees ver head of the population than in the majority of the countries which are mentioned, and it then institutes another comparison between the present petition of the empire and its condition and prospects in 1811. and draws the most favourable conclusions from the liberal constitution which has been introduced on the basis of equalisation of the rights of all. At the present moment the amount of bullion in the Bank ex ceeds 3,000,0001., and enormous sums are in the hands of individuals. After alluding to the further development which is to be given to the measures alluded to above u recommended by the emperor for the diminution of the expenditure, which is done in vague and general terms, the report proceeds to mention the measures which are to be taken for the pur pose of diminishing the outstanding paper money and in creasing the bullion in the bank and treasury. a. The payment of the instalments in arrest on the four and-a-half per cent, loan, amounting to 2,650,0001. b. The confiscation o. the Lombardo-Venetian treasury notes, amounting to 1,400,0001. c. The confiscation of the German provincial paper money, 3,000,0001. d. The indemnity to he paid by Sardinia in the coons of the year 1860,1,450,0001. e. The condecation of the hypothecated anignate and c - - . tral aseignats of the year 1840irill diminish tile . floating debt by 1,600,0001. f. The operations of the credit in the confiscation of the Losabardo•Venetian treasury notes must bring in a very con siderable sum in bullion. Another most important measure has not been included in this list; it is the issue of the reserved hank shares, which would either withdraw the three millions of bank notes from eireulagon, or bring in an equal BIM in money. This step is reserved, however, for the consideration of the commission about to be appointed. The report then states that the ministry bad not raised the interest on the Imperial Treasury notes, from the fear that such a step would materially damage the trade of she em pire ; bat it reserves the power of doing so whenever it con siders the proper moment shall have arrived. The issue of Imperial Treasury notes is to be proceeded with very gradually. The three per cent. Treasury bills are only to be called in in small numbers, and thos- of lesser value first. The Imperial Treasury notes under 101. will not bear current interest, bat after the lapse of one year a flub, to be determined by lottery, will bear interest at 3 per cent. The notes of a larger value will bear interest at once at the rate of 3 per cent. The report concludes with the remark that this latter mea sure can only be considered a provisional one, and that it must be legalised in a constitutional manner by the diet. The report is dated the 28th December, 1849. SAVINGS BANK DEFALCATIONS AT SCARBOROUGH. —On Saturday last, Mr Thomas Smurwaite, wine and spirit merchant, who has foe several years acted as clerk to the Savings Bank, was charged before 11. Tindall, Esq., the mayor, and other Lorough meg istratee,with having embereed money belonging to the depositors, between the years 1838 and 1860, to the amount of 1,0001. Mr. Smurwaite was amended in custody until Monday last, when he was again brought up and further remanded until Baturdey next, to allow of an investigation being made into the affairs of the bank. Public notice I•u been given to the depositors to take in their books, until which time it is impossible to state the amount of t►e prisoner's defalcations. The event has caused muob sensation in the neighbourhood, the more so from the prisoner having, up to the present time, borne an irreproachable character. It is hoped, and indeed expected, t►at the deficiencies will not much exceed the above sum. The business of the bank is ordered by the directors to be suspended until the 22nd instant.—Easterra Counties Herold. MINING COMPANT OP IRELAND.—On Thursday the following proprietors were unanimously elected to act as directors for the ensuing year Edward Atkinson, Francis Barker, M.D., Thomas Bewley, Francis Augustus Codd, Jame. Dawson, Isaac English, James Gray, Robert R. Guinness, Sir Robert John Kum, M.D., lames Magee, Edward A, Gibbon, James Murphy, James Perry, Thom.. rim, Wm. Stephan.. CALIFORNIA. We hays received the following extract from a private letter brought by the Royal Mail packet-ehip Avon on the 10th _ _ - - Ban Francisco, Oct 28, 1849. I reached this place on the 20th current, and have been exposed to snore trouble and anxiety than I cars to talk about. There is no e don about the gold region —the metal exists in nnlimlud quantity, bat the getting of it is labour of incredible severity ; and mach licks..., fever, and ague prevail. The city of San Francium has sprung into easiness as if by the touch of a magic woad. There are nearly 300 easels bore, many of them entirely deserted, and not cue with its full complement of men. Goods sell wholesale, at ruinous rats. to exporters, but the retail prices ors frightful; bra par et shoes °alien in England 62., I bad to pay 12 dollars (481.). My vessel Um about 400 yards from the shore, and I was compelled to pay 2 dollars (8..) to be put on board. Potatoes have been selling at l dollar per pound, but are now dowa to 85 cents. ; fowl., 4 dollars each ; and other things in proportion. House rest will astonish you. A room 10 fest by 8, a mere weather boarded shanty, will fetch 40 and 60 dollars per month ; anything pretending to the title of shop, 400 and 500 dollar.; and there is a wooden house hers rented u an hotel at 160,000 dollars per annum. Every third house standing is a gambler's Chop, and day and night parties are engaged in play, but at night the places are crowded to suffocation. Immense sums of money have been made by speculating in land ; allo•nients which sold sight months ago for 300 snd 400 dollars, have since been sold for 30,000 and 40,000 dollars. The city spreads over an area of several miles, and is destined to be the capital of a great empire, bet much misery and destitution prevail in the cut‘kirts. Poor bantams wretch's, suffering from nags's., may be seen sitting on their trunks, wearing oat life throve:, the night with no other oovering but a blanket ; others beneath wretched tents; and others, again, on the bare grot.nd, with the sky fora canopy. It is the gamblers who keg pup the preposterous rents, as they pay 4,000 and 5,000 dol. per month for a single tab!is or stand ; and so long as the gold comes pouring into the city, go l'ng will gambling colitieue, and these monetrous rents be kept up; and that there are no lintts to gold there seems to be no doubt: even whilst . . I am writinia man Ins come into the establishment with upwards of 10,000 doll. worth of gold dust taken by him since May last. No man, but ore of hardy habit* and power ful constitution, ought to go to the " diggings," as the expo sure and privoion are extreme; long, leather.sided fe:lowe, who could digest scupper nails, sleep on • dunghill, and wear sackcloth, are the prop., customers. Ci.rhs and labourers of all description are certain of einfloy and good pay, but comfort and society is out of the question. Living in the richest houses is wry poor, and the ruinous price of everything fairly makes me shudder, as I have not tier nu I likely to participate in Cali fornian profits. I would recommend no man to bring his wife ro California until he has first essayed the place, and oh. tained a footing. Few women are here, and for some time it is likely to prove anything but a delectable locality f.t. them. I recommended C— and F— to try their lack, no matter in what capacity, and I am still of the same opinion. Any man that can stand the exposure and the labour of digging, will get gold to the extent of his exer tions. There it is. I have seen scores returning with :tide swags of 5,000 and 6,000 dollars after two or three mouths' labour. If you could quietly organise a gang of strong hardy fellows, prepared with plenty of heavy woollen Coat ing, strong boots reaching to the knees, heavy blankets, light picks pointed at both ends, sieves to wash the duet, buckets to draw the earth, hand trowels or something of that kind to shovel up the diggings (everything that baa to be carried ought to be as light and as string as possible), six month.' provisions, handy portable tents, oil el ta or something of that kind to keep you from the damps. Cork, shaving mattresses would be an excellent thing. Now if you, F—, and C—, could buckle year horses, and arrange in this fashion: you, as director and guarlian of he treasure, should be exempted from digging, but your care should be the commissariat, taking heed that no need less waste of provisions ensued; the others should brie,/ in their treasure to the public fund, to be share and share ahke at the end of the expedition. This has been found to answer with some ; but with others it gave rise to disputes, as if one was more successful than another he would growl, sad dirt that the other did not work so bard as he did. This rnigi.t be obviated by stipulating that every mesa should draw so many buckets a day for the general fund, and if after *be.. were drawn he cantieued workinz, that might he his povata property. Every man in his turn day by day shoula cook fur the company, you always being caterer. It aou:I cost you something to get to the mining district, but I certain as that I am a living man that a company of hardy fellows from England, if no quarrelling ensued, wool.' succeed. There is room for every one. You are a stiff cocky little fellow, wi . h your ribs tolerably closely wrapped, but a long sojourn beneath the tropics ei.qualifies int for the luxury of gold hunting. Another 8,000 dollars of gold dust has just come in, by the Great Jew Peter. It makes me nervous to contem,late the pernicious metal. No man can calculate on ct. rites here; they defy all calculstion. At present lam atuoced, and I see my way u clear as mud in a wine glass. thing may turn up before I leave, but I am anxious ts , get back to my island ag.in, aa the expenses for as idler are ruinous. GOVERNMENT DIET TABLES FOR COUNTY PRl soxe.—New diet tables have been transmitted from the Homo office to the keepers of county prisons, making various changes in the iiiet to be supplied to the prisoner;. The prisoners had, hitherto, served out to them for breskient and supper one p:ot ef ~ atmeal gruel and eight ounces of dread. Sir George Grey recommends that, for the future, e:cti should be substituted for the gruel. Two curious facts, relating to the •' generous treatment " of prisoners cvii•inc I in the county gaols at Reading and Ayleeinry, elicited at tne last Epiphany Session for Bucks a Berks. It was stated by Mr. G. Carrington, ou of the county magistrates, at the Aylesbury ses sions, in reference to emp:oyieg the prison. rs in the gaol in raising water, for the supply of the torn and prison, that " something would thus be contributed towards the heavy cost of the county, for each prisoner the county something like Ils. 6d. a week." The cost r f pauper, in the union workhouses throughout the kit:gdono, averages not more than from 3s. to 3s. 6d. per week. The visiting justices of Abingdon Gaol, in their report to the Court of Quarter Sessions for Berke, last week stated (in reference to the prisoners having been employed during the preceding quarter, as an experiment, in pounding gypsum, which the visiting magistrates trusted would "sell in the spring of the year with profit and advantage to:the county"). " that the pounding of this material has furnished work to the vagrants, and persons committed from the work houses, which has rendered the imprisonment irksome to the one and the other, and will have the effect, in their opinion, of reducing the number of those who seek admission withiu the walls of the prison from the fullness of the diet and the system of idleness that has prevailed within." It is a wet:- authenticated fact that many paupers in union workh. user have had recourse to window breaking and other offences widiin the walls of the union'. for the express purpose r is they have themselves stated when taken before t'.e Unites) of enjoying the more profuse and " generous diet of a prison. Ma. VINCENT AND THE STAFFORD MEETING. — In the Ezprese of yesterday it was stated that "in a side gallery were Mr. H. Vincent and other free-traders.' That gentleman requests us to state, in correction, that he was not at Stafford, but addreseing a large meeting of the farmers and labouring in support of general reform at Over, in Cambridgeshire. THE LATE CHAPLAIN OF AYLESBURY GAOL. — JOHN Tawazge Coereestote.—lt will probably be with . n the recollection of our readers that the Rev. Mr. Cox, the late chaplain of the county gaol at Aylesbury, was compelled to retire from the chaplaincy in consequence of his refusing to divulge to the magistrates the nature of the confession of John Tawell (the murderer of Eliza Hart, at Salt-hill), after repeated motions, to the effect that he should confide the confession to the county magistrates, had been unanimously adopted at three or four quarter sessions subsequt ntly to Tawell's execution. At the Epiphany Sessions, just held, Mr. Cox memorialised the magistrates, praying that an annuity might be granted him until he obtained some clerical prefermect, and strongly urging that his " inadvertence," as regards his pertinacity in refusing to accede to the wishes of the county bench, might not have a prejudicial effect. The memorial was accompanied by s medical certificate, setting forth that Mr. Coe's health had been seriously affected by the aatu-e of the duties connect, d with his late appointment. It appeared, from the act of parliament relating to the power of the magistrates to grant pensions to their saperenneated officials, that they could grant an allowance not exceeding two-thirds el the salary previously enjoyed by the memotialist. A motion to the effect that the prayer of Mr. Cox should be tateen into consideration, was then proposed by Mr. Barker, end seconded by Dr. Lee ; the latter gentleman observing that, although he did not consider that Mr. Cox had per formed his duty in the case of Jehn Tawell's confession, he thought the matter ought lobe entertained, the memorialist being, in his (Dr. Les's) opinion, a modest, learned, and quiet man. The motion having been strongly opposed I '9 Mr. Carrington (who maintained that the teal cause of Mr. Cox's compulsory retirement from the chaplaincy was quite, ddferent from that alleged in the memorial, and esprostint his astonishment that sucha motion as that helm the twill should have been introduced), it was put by the chairmen (Sir T. D. Aubrey. Bart.), and negatived ; the only hands held up in its favour being two—those of the mover and seconder. WRECKED TWICE IN FOUR MOSTIIa.—Mr. Wens Corbett, of Queen-street, Plymouth, has had two nsrrow escapes with his life, within four months, during the veer just passed. On the 15th of August, 1849, when chief ° dicer of the brig Friendship, of Bideford, bound from Liverpool to Hamburgb, the vessel went ashore on the dangerous sands which lie off the coast between the entrance to the Ti?i is Elbe anti Weiser. After beine three hours in a most peril ous position, the crew were pleked off by a fishing boat, and conveyed, with nothing but their clothes, to Cuxhaven, nom whence they ware sent to England. On the 21st November. 1849, when Mr. Corbett was chief officer of the brig hitt , bath, of Teignmouth, Captain John Curtis Hall, bound WM li i s m d b o o r a g t got ashore at Ferryland Head, SO miles south of St. Joh. n. w ves ith sel ail in eu t e h r i al ck ear wea go th f e ro r m , w lS ith t. a j. ls 'h e n av 's ; N r27n ( : 7 4: Happily two of the crew leaped off the brig's quarter en to the rocks, and having had a line flung to them contrived t t get a warp fa.tened to the land, and oa this all the rest o f the people escaped. The brig went to pieces in the nurs'' ''e the day, and the men lest all their clothing excel i Ind wit" they had on. Mr. Corbett worked his way from ht. Joh n ' s . in the brigantine Phantom, and reached Greenock on Christ. mss-day. Being a member of the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Society, he was sent by their agents to LOOT ,' pool, Dublin, and Plymouth, where ho arrived safely ou the I 7th int o —Devoisporf Paper.