The Press. — London, England, 1853-10-15 00:00:00

proceeded to Schninla, where he made acquaintance with the principal refugees, and on his arrival at Constantinople interfered zealously with the Sultan in their favour. Ile took several of them with him to Bosnia awl Montenegro, and confided to them important posts. Some of them have distinguished themselves greatly, and have remained in the ser vice of Turkey. Ci OIMENCFAIE.NT OF THE EUROPEAN AND NORTH ANIE.IIIC.IN ItAl 1.W.1Y. Tins railway, which is in the first instance to con nect St. John's, New Brunswick, with the railway s)stein of the United States and Canada, and is even tually in be carried on to Halifax, being a link in the great scheme of a connection front Nova Seetili thl Lake Huron, lta4 its first great relebratinti oat Wed nesday, the 11th tilt., when the line Sea was turned. Nearly 411,11110 permais were present. A hout one o'cloiek his Excellency Sir Edmund Head, the Lieu tenant-tiovernor, Lady Head, and suite. arrived on the ground, and were received with the itsitallannours. His excellency was accompanied by Commodore Shithrick, of the United States navy, and other olfi ears the, frigate Prineetim, which had mile ex pressly to St. John's for the occasion ; also by 11 r. Win. Jackson, M.l'., and Mr. E. L. Betts, of loidoin. Nea lc all the men of mite in New Brunswick, Heil several from the United States. assembled round the governor. The address presented to him by the di r.:clori, hating alluded to the national character of the work in which they were engaged, provveded to state : ' II will form link in the mighty chain a Melt 1. to bind 1.1441 Itsitniumou....lo.ely b. 11.•1' perpet note the tr. - ling-. 01 11111115 with the great remil.lie of 1111. W••• 41 ern W..r1.1. 1 - 'lOll5 I Ake to the %doodle the .• t.o . the ir.nl6llre i 4 191.1. Mal the wealth a Melo IY4o enahle ottraelsvo and ..nr chil dren 1,0 51.-‘5-11. .15 the rala resource* of 0111' pow lime, and to $1.1'.'4.1 1 . 15111.4111.111 1110111.411 11111 - 1 1 01.1 1111111 S, 4,11110•4 1 . 01111 1111' 11. .1111' our fat Mr-. 1 hough e enou. , t Omni the 'minty nil - of .511.er 4'111111.4, y.. 1 1'n0•i.1. , ,t.••• 1131* pltte...l strmitt.l It. in rich 111,11114141..... 411 that eau N 141.• 1.. illdmtn att.l tea toll enterprioe-ex hanatlems Gtrrat , rie I. mines, 01%4'1,0.1.1e ti-herieo. proilnet tugrikrr.. MO 4 Mad e 10...114 111..1 4111111. The plague nti.l the 111-d ilenee, hieli at perimia .11.1.1• Mali . the fairest port ion a of the earth- the ...In% 10. - 11 '" 11 "4 111 Y rei it • t• kohl their fotimlst lima 5.5 tr , ore uuk u oa u. Mr into , are sever.', Litt the retard not our labours ami tidily call the 0111.1illion 44 . oir eiteelleney to the 4111.1.11,4 y/1/1.-11 1/1/. 1111/111.1 1 1111. el,rihml4 moor art loan* and mechanics. that mleip+ now hold a 1.1.111.1 50 0-it um iii the mercantile motion . 01 Eunlitint, wnl mac lie 41111 lilt. torelll..-.1 1.1 , 11111 . 1 N ..1' nnkal r dille.•thre the am - 1.1 ham hitherto attriettlittral ea pal.lllllitt. 410 .1411% breominu sssss ; 410 %%Own 1.11.4114 of that great a ork, commenc.lnent ..f kk likit a. 1111%1 1 1111%1 111.1 to ....1.4.1111.., 41111' .111,......,111 . ••• 11:1%.• 1.•••• n 111- 1 . 11•11... A. 411.1 the I hie 01 emigration MI our pliore• may tv.aiire 1111 hi. 111.111.1111 . 1i111.4 1.11111.1'..111 11 home 111.1 l wil leave him no elm,• to regret the land of Li. iuutrit l. " For the at t $ 11111 l 01 railway... the Legi,liti .• c i m i lart. 1111,1 N.•%. Items-‘‘l. - k 11/111' %%I , ll'l 1`111. , / , 1 111111 , 1 1111 . 1./11 . 11011 /11/4 , 111 .1.4 . al lll ll, 1111 , 1 . 1 . % 111.! 11111 . 1.111.1111 1111.1 r 11.'111111014. /11111 811 1111111 141111. 1 11111 q their Lase 111.V..1 . 1111 . 1 ,•14.4 induc e dl4 1111• eapitalMt 1 111 111/11.0. 1114'.1` 1111151111'1'14 111/* (1 , 111 Or 1.111 . 11 . 1411.111 11/111111) .111C111/1.111,1. - The address being suitably ret4ptattletl to, and given by the Rev. 111.. (trey, the 1 . 1 . 111 Of l'rinity Cllllll.ll, Lail) 1144)41 turned the 11 I . SI SINI and deposited it in tilt itiotl it Witt My prepitytul barrow, amid the enthusiastic shlatts of the innitetne sittromilling fnultitusle, and a salio of se% enly guns fin.4l troop a ii i :artillery. Ilia excellency deposited the sect aul .• 111, the third WIP4 reinton.ll It) t ..tunnit tat tn. Shithrick. /111.1 thelithers by t h e Mayor of 5t..14111104 and the ttllicials of the etattpany. %Viten the harrow was NI, his excellent.) . 1.41111.41 it along the platbam and dumped it, amid cheers such its lacier were heard in the litettlity before. 111 the then. wa, grand banquet, presided titer by the chair 111111111 Or the 1 . / impany, AI which oven hundred per /4141h WVIV 11S.1 111 1 Oka. The 1 . 1 1 1 Cl'lBlllllll'l 11S were terminate)! by a brilliant display of fireworks and a magnificent ball. Tau PittsoN AT BRIXToN, heretofore Used 11*4 a house of convetion for the comity of Surrey, has been purchased by the Government, and placed under• the control of t h e Pliant for ti n ' M anntzeisient of cm, via Prisons. It i to be tl.ed exclusi‘el) as a dciu*.t for female conviets under sentence of transportation and penal solitude. The works are now so far out yawed as to admit of the early oecupation of a por lion the prison. 1 ) 11e hundred female convicis are about to be immediate', rein. 0e thither from Thu bank Penitentiary, and further numbers mill be sent from time to time, as OW works rrOgri.s... Th e w h o l e of this ,'lass Of 4'OIIVICIS w ill In' eventually re ell from Milbank, whereby additional aecommoilailon will be available for :Wl) more male eonviets, t o w h om that prison will in future be wholly confined. Th e new state of the law in referenee to transportation wonid of itself render these and fmilier changes ne el`,sary in the convict department. No part of the pension granted to the King of the Belgians is actually paid to his Majesty. The hits tees, after discharging certain B.lllllltties and ►elision" to the establishment of the late Prineess Charlotte. repay the balance of the annuity to the Exchequer. A parliamentary paper just issued states that the sum so repaid last year was 30,000/. THE PRESS. st,AvE-TnADE TREATIES. Foil fifty sessions past. the slave trade. in its manifold pre sentathais, h w futydshed auyde curploym. nt for the par liamentary printers. I hiring the first thirty years of the current century, alsolitiiin and emancipation were treated as home subjects—investigansl minutely. discussed hotly. and wattled at hest in what we must term a tit of humane despvrat i 4 in which England, with her eyes shut. and for c. mietice* sake. gave freedom to the isegn• at the sit erilim of twenty and hilt n Rel.re Pitt, since we have washed our own hands of the •• accursed traffic, - our exertions Ilia .an 111.111111111.4. on its nee t have by no means ceased. A al Moe still in form tut regularly of the strength and the wherealsotts of our shoo spiallum. \V. are told how many ships an. em ployed in the service, bow many slavers 1111. y chase, how Illillty of the crew die from %frivali h.\ aii.l how much prize-money is divided amontz the survivors. At longer intervals some committee issues its report, Minting up to the latest dates the history of British efforts lit slate trade prevention—showing. from period to period, how perseveriimly England pursues her holy anal self appointed mission— 114 M illlo.lliitilSly site multiplies treaties ha- sup- pressing the trade, which her faithful allies arc permuted or 1)6644 to i.ign—find how invariably they are broken 11110ist ag as signed by the latter, 41I' %gime of them. of those oecttsional reports, s ith the voluntinims evi dence on which it was founded. is wiw leliore whole, we ale glad lii %/ly that it/40 , 1'0 , 1%6ms are more midis. factory than thine of almost all its predecessors. We dare mit he tno sanguine. one et' the I,est..ittintined witnessea .4 by the esoniiiittee wants us that, even i n spots a here the slave trade appears twist tlionnightyextingitished, it may break out 'Mesh any filly upon trilling excitement. Vet the general tendeney tif events for some years past, as SilloWit ill the present report. has liven, if not to diminish the al all vlll l / 4 to simplify it. The gross number of Ifrienvis annually sold into slavery to white Christians lbws not seem lola. appreciably less : but the trade now con verges into one channel. prosecuted by a sin* nation, and ilelanwhing upon a single market. This is it guilt piing gained. The I il/ilance of our entisers may now Is, noire ciineentrati.il and better 811'144'1. The "fist('?" of 51111' shistniiiitti.ts limy assume VhatIVIIIK know 011 . 1'e all' till' offenders, mid, if a British Alinistry could be fwmil to thniw etiiptette overboant for the sake of the great pimp'se in view, we know bow to crush the otli•uec. The ?Willi Clllll tttt in this last repwt have oillrete.l ..% respecting the slave trade in a dozen I'lottoilties, and refer to the ma ttttt in which fl l llelyone $44.11.ral treaties upon the suliject have lace kept. Out of all they an• fond to declare that Spain is the only power utterly t weessible to our attempts at restiMing the traffic, and the treaties signed by Spanish sovereigns the only compacts that are systematically violated. Summing up their cominsi tttt in One Wirt . they loclieve " that the slave trade would 1415111 l.e extinct if the l'ithan market for slaves urn' Ciliat'll." Brazil, not long since, appeared to be an equally hardened offender. The repott of the 'Imo& committee in Ist.lo denounces the "habitual disovard of treaties" evineed by the Itraziliaaa, and the consequent expansion of the slave trsde in that country. The ascertained im portation of slaves in ISI7 was :•11,1 7 4 . ; in Is-IS, more than 0 11 . 0010 *. a n d in !SIP, 41,010. Afterwards the tide tamed. liming ISel there were only 3,•251 slaves landed in Brazil, anal in the following year the numbers sank as low as 74m, of whom a considerable portion were Peitell nud liberal's) by the Brazilian tiovernment. From llahia alone, as Mr. I'onstil Porter reported, in seventy-four vessels sailed, OA in ISIS ninety-three, engaged in the slave traele, one of which, the .4solorishs, of only SO tong bunko, actually limited n,391, slaws in eight voyages, and netted for its owners 10,400/. sterling in freight for the human eargoes. The same authority stated to the present 11111 l it :eV that in IS St shingent orders arrived for the suppts-ssion of the trade, anal that when he left Bahia, at the end of Ist)]. it was actually anal perfectly suspended. tic adds that " the British ships alone cannot stop the traMe, but if the Brazilian tiovernment lee sincere it will certainly be put down." - - What is trite of one tiovernment is talc of another. In culla, as at Bahia. the whole force of the llritish slave alumina, e of pint down the slave trade until the Spanish authorities Iss.onie sincere in w,-operating towards that end. The fact that hitherto the Spaniards of all ranks lilt,. 4 1.. 11 e just the reverse, nod the chance. or rather u ., chance. 44 their ever evincing proper " sincerity " in the eau..., form the staple material of the present report. .111 the wilt'. sses ter e examined very minutely npon this point. a n d theirtea • any teals to the same conclusion. " I i ist gay; • sass the IN mut i ttel.. " ,ht's !tot record a more .leehled breach of national honour. - It i s painful." they odd s " to tact to the conduct of Spain in ciehttino its trea• SATURDAY, ties and obligations for the siippres%iuti of the s l ave tea d e. .. To OM commercial apprehensions a liftrgain b ee ,, wea 11011111 y hind i ngwhen ratified by the payment of money. Even this formality has passed between the eonntriea—to tile extent, as the eommittee calculate t including interest of E1:11,17W. sterling duly disbursed by England fur her part of the yompact. Yet Spain has been equally regard less of the 111.awyA paid as of the treaties signed. She has 'wither kept faith to lwr owe agreements, Dor gior e eesios f t , r received. A Foreign-office deapatele read before the committee, gives an indignant summary of the terms which tlw Spanish t iovernment agreed to observe, and the disgracefel manner in which it broke them. By the preamble to the treaty of Isl i Iketweell EIIORIaI and Spain the latter brand herself to adopt.. in e caleert s it! ' Great Britain, efficaeions monist for bringing about the Moo. lition of the slave trade, and fior effectually suppressing the traffic in slaves among Spanish subjects. By the treaty itself Spain engaged that tient the moment the ratificatheis were exchanged it should not be lawful for her subjects to carry on the slave trade en any part of the coast of Africa north of the Equator, and that from the •!Iftli May, 18'N), the skive trade should lei abolished throughout the entire the minions of Spain. Thenceforth it was unlawful for any Spuds!' subjeets 1 rinellase slaves iir carry on the slave trade on any put of the coast of Africa upon any pretext whatever. The cruisers of each nation were empowered to seize suspected vessels ; tribunals of " mixed " composi tion were appointed to try them :and guarantees exchanged or promised between the Governments for the liberation of all captured blacks who might, through the operation of these tribunals, fall into their power. Farther, Great Bri taut agreed to lay down 4lsy sole as compensation for the losses which, as the treaty expresstal it, were " the neces sary tsonseopiences of the abolition of the slave trade." In pursuance of this convention Homy steps were taken on the part of England. Ships were ordered to the cruising grounds, eommbationent were appointed to the tribunals; isviletitins were drawn up for the trial of supposed Am and an apprenticeship system devised for the behoof of emancipated slaves. Above all, the money was paid to the uttermost farthing. " Hut how," proceeds the despatch, " has Spain fulfilled her share of the engagement?" " For int mimeer to this question it will be sufficient to look to the island of Cuba. In Pell the number of slaves in Cuba was estimated at 211b,009. A census of the popu lation was taken in Pea, which gave the number as 188,011. Another census was taken in Pill. when the return of mimes then existing was given at 496,1f15; thus making an increase, even by the official census, of 210,01111 in these last tom-teen years. lint that census is known to have lawn ineorrect ; and it is believed that the real mmt lwr was purposely concealed. sad at this mo ment, aeeording to the most intelligent inhabitants, the number of slaves in Cuba is not less titan between SUOMI and 1100,000, Her :Majesty's Government regret to say, that this mma- Med mill alarming increase in the slave population is but tooteasily Ile...Milted ti , r. An Oiliest avowed connivance at the untie, on the part of the local authorities, aided, as if has been, by the evasion's and adapt of the Government at Madrid, whenever the conduct of their stlhonlinate ()Ri cci.% has tiVell denounced to 011111, and the strict fulfilment of the treaty demanded, affords a rvaily solution o f it. Vessels have artived and cargoes of slaves have been landed in the face of day, and in the immediate neighleatehoo4 of the capital itself ` : the facts have 15511 denounced by the British functionaries to the captain-general; the name of the vessel, the bet of the slaves, the very Prot in which they were coilthivol has been 1111111 e known to Lim ; and tl o lIIISINVII that the captain-general, eller going through the form of an investigation, has declared the alleged facts to Is, uttlbnnded, whilst it has been notorious in Havana that he has received from the slavetlealers a price for each slave that has bolt landed. Nor has the conduct of the authorities less 1114404 e in rellell to the tlegThe!* who Lave been emancipated by the mixed court. 1 klit . tit• wily, it the conclusion of their apprentieeship, have tht se mifiniunate persons been sold for n new term et' slavery, to the milt of those whose solemn ditty it was to otecere t 1 1) them complete and permanent freetione The Britielt iovernment stetted. Premises were lavishly made; aml et length the forcible representatitins of her Majooty's Government prolneed. on the Ind o f inequity, pew, g royal order enjoining the milieu - hien in Cuba to can the treaty into faithful execration. without the delay and evasion arising from their custom of retiering to Mathid upon every remonstrance or complaint addressed to them. But even this teller wax neglected in Odra, and the infraction of the treaty still continued. Subsequently. in Is:IN, a treaty wiis concluded. more stringent than that of 1117, empowering British ernistra to seize vessels under the Spanish flag when equipped for the slave trade : and it was etipulati that two months after the exchange of the rntifieations the Spanish liovvnilllellt should promnlgate a penal law affixing a severe punishment upen all Spanish subjects crayoned in the slave limb.. Still the traffic was actively eanie4l tin : and, though tlw importation of slaves was le,s, those who melted the shares Of Cuba were offered to lie made slaves, the governor. as before, receiving his bribe fir inch individual Ilrgeo clinsigued to illegal captivity see!' has been the extent of the illegal importations in Cuba. that it is Yomputol that if the slaves imported *hue were emanyipateti. necording to the intent and spirit both of the treaty In 1 4 17 and of that of IS:t.l. not one-sixth of all the negrots or coloured population would remain in • bendsge."