The Press. — London, England, 1853-10-22 00:00:00

OCTOBER 22, 1853. TILE WAGES CONTROVEUSY. A nusrn since we announced the determination on the part of a large body of Lancashire millowners to close their establishmenta, in consequence of the rAterated and persevering demands made by the tope ratives for increased wages. In Preston especially this capitalists' league had obtained extensively, nearly fifty manufacturing Onus having given the customary mouth's notice to their hands that, on a certain day their factories would close, and the men be thrown out of work. During the interval that has since elapsed the anticipated etreet seems not to have been produced by this menace upon the operatives, who still hold out for the required " ten per cent. ad vance " ; and, as the notice expired in the great ma jority of instances at the close of last week, a num ber of the proprietors of mills and printworks have fulfilled their threat, and shut up their establish ments. During Friday and Saturday last no fewer than thirty six mills closed, which, with ten that had iorevionsly ceased working, makes mum aggregate of forty • six in which manufacturing operations are at an end. Four more were expected to close in another week, and thus only eight establishments out o f th e l arge number contained in Preston would still afford twit pinion for their workers. The number of mill hands at Preston is estimated at about ftlyssm, and the number who are now walking about the streets, with olt employment, is set down at from tVI,IIIIII to 25,1100 persons. The amount of wages paid weekly at the various mills now closed is said to have been from 1 2 . 0411 /1. to 13,0 t q. The immediate withdrawal or so large an amount must operate very injuriously on the trade and general business of the town. To enable the large number of operatives who are now without employment to exist, the committee of the Operative Union propottes to pay them weekly a sum of 4,001., and they allege their funds are sufficiently strong to enable them to continue this payment for sonie weeks. In the meantime delegates are to be deputed to visit all the principal towns in the king dom, to solicit assistance from the operative classes of those towns, to enable those of Preston to prolong their struggle with the employees, and to compel them, if possible, to yield to the ten per cent. on the present prices. Thus far there are indications of a l l obstinate struggle, rendered less likely to be brought to an amicable or speedy conclusion by a str on g belief on the part of the hands that, the masters emu ea long la m% to keep their mills closed, and a feeling on the part of the masters that the necessities of the hands, when without employment for a few weeks, will induce them to submit not only to the terms which they now propose, but to any which they may then think fit to insist upon. This is the present position of the unfortunate misunderstanding which has arisen be tween the employers and the employed at Preston, and until either party succumb, or some arrangement is come to, even supposing the union is enabled to continue the payment of 4,000 f. per week, the busi ness operations of time town must sutler to the extent of NM,. per week, or in the ratio of the very large Hum of 4000NNI/. per annum. The prospective loss of this sum, and the difficulties in which it must in • volve shopkeepers and others, have necessarily caused a great deal of excitement amongst lemmas in busi ness. The general feeling seems to be that, if sone, slight concessions on immaterial points on the part of the masters and leen were made, the strike, or rather "lock out," as it is now called, might be speedily terminated, and business allowed to resume its usual course. On the other hand, the operative classes, not alone of Preston, but of •everal towns in Lancashire, Cheshire, ke., are favourable to the course taken by the "lock-outs," and have determined to support them to the last. So far as the trades of Preston are concerned, this was clearly exemplified on Friday evening, when a meeting was held at the Far mers' Anna, at which fifteen trades were represented, comprising steam-engine-makers, boiler makers, me (hanks, tinprate workers, stonemasons, bricklayers, joiners, daggers, slaters, A.m.. A unanimous result' Lion come to was, to support the lock-outs to the hest of the ability of the various trades, and a fosse of placard was drawn up announcing to the public the determination of various trades to do so. The " locked-out" men, themselves, have held frequent meetings, at which their unanimous deter mination has hitherto been in favour of •• the ten per cent.—no surrender—and time union." The secretary of the Preston committee encouraged them with the assurance that it' the agitation were prolonged for twelve months the funds would show no signs of failing. A Mr. Dobson, of Blackburn, also offered some a it', s lc, to the purposes to which the workmen should devote their leisure while locked out from work lie recommended them to improve their education, learn to read or write, if they did not know it already, and study the subjects utmost fitted to prove of utility to them in after life. In Manchester the dyers strike, which still con tinues, has resulted in a meeting, at which it was agreed toestablish a dyewmork of their own, in order to 'aunt employment to the men On strike. A fund of 3,0001., in shares of los. each, is set on foot for this mot. THE PRESS. At Paisley a number of printworks have heft stopped in consequence of the dispute which has arisen in reference to the request made by the work men for fortnightly instead of monthly payments. Nearly I,oon hands iu the town and neighbourhissl, and about 50t) ill liarrhead, have been thrown out o f employment, entailing in the meantime a very senors loss to the eommunity. A conferenee was to be held on Thursday. at which it was bolas' the matter would be amicably arranges'. The workmen of Seaton Colliery, near Seftham Harbour, about two months ago requested certain additional advances of wage.; the proprietors, having during the previous fortnight given a eonsiklerable advance, declined to grant them, but stated their willingness to refer the matter to iii interested parties. The workmen declined this, and in conse quence a strike of seven weeks' duration resulu3d. At length, however, the workmen agreed to refer all matters in dispute, and, accordingly, Mr. T. E. Forster, of Newcastle, was appointed on behalf of the owners, and Mr. John Tkior, of Haswell, on be half Of the workmen. These gentlemen met at the colliery on Friday last, mutt have Made an award of prices, &c., satisfactory to the respective parties. It is much to be desired that this may be the com mencement of a better understanding between the owners of collieries and their workmen, and that the latter may see that great misery and crime—the inevitable results of protnieted strikes—may ho averted by at once miming their disputes to arbitra tion. LONI)ON iIOSPIT.II.ti AND 11111)1CAL SClU►t►l,`t. THE commencement of the medical session In Lon don has lately been commemorated by the usual series of inaugural leetures, delivered at the vari metropolitan hospitals MIA Isill4WlS of medicine, by 11w seleetett professors. The address at the new llualiral College just opened in conntectitat with the Ituval Free Hospital, and which was delivertsl by I►r. Tyler Smith, contnintsl an elaborate and highly inter• eating account of the growth. of medical scienve in England; the establish►aent of hospitals and medical charities ; the exercise of professional skill for the benefit of the pottier classes in the noble insttuliuus with which London abounds, und the admirable advantages which these oh.ll4llffielit have afforded in return, by giving epportmlities for instruction and practice to litany sitecessiNo ge n e ra. lions of practitioners. After toatin4 that the first hospital in I tendon, St. Bartholomew's, was founded in the Century, and the earliest, public lectures on physic were delivered in the fifteenth century by Linacre at Oxford, 1)r. Smith U•ac e d the gradual steps of advance effected sinee that data in the practice and the science of healing, the tli‘ision into different branches, the study of anutouay, the rime and decline of anti theories, ,C•e. Ho then proeeetled to remark upon the octal lishment of the numerous motion. hospitals now exist in the metropolis : " Otir hospitals have shared hi the re his given to nuslical education iu modern times, and acv. r strikingly than in 4 . 111'5. It 1111/4 4.411111111111 repniewli that the hospital iwisimmodation iii London is inferior ill extent to the sane kind of ne ..onninolidt..n iu tandinculml eitirs. and Pans has lwen esticcially pointi.l as the proof o f this. No fair esimparimat can, 111111 4 . % vr, mathe betwis . ti the two cabs+, because the deartiption of sick who an • received into our parochial Infirmaries thol their way into the Parisian klispitalm. As far as the com parison is just, there is every turnable that the present genenttion will witness the retinasl of this reproach. The first Mil of the Royal Free Hospital was occupied in Its.as; it now 1111 l ahem 100 Leda King ' s Collego Hospital was opened hi P 439, count ' • g bells ; the new 110 W rising in earey-street will provide. lids fair .o .!+i 1 patients. St. Mary ' s Hospital, completed iti Iµ'.l, reeeken Ifitt patients. and additiimul acts , 1111 l iodation is lill'etnly eiititemplided. lty the late improvements the Mlifillesi.x Ilialpital leis iticreatted f ... A 11 to :m beds. Tao tow wings have recently been 41+41 to Bo y 's Hospital, and %Willi the last few years great iniprio outruns have liven rani'sl out at St. ' lfliontas ' s mid St. Itartholionew ' s. At the present tunic an wing is in eoa,r. , of s.r.i.ntan at the Hospital. and au u ddi t i onn l w i nglnas . 0151, becu completed at St. tieorge ' s. Signs of unusual activity are eveowliere apparent. Within a very few a 1 'ti, the Fever Hospital, the 1111.111 nil. the Prins). Hospital, mid tile Lock Hospital have Men entirely rebuilt. Two large ' onsiiiiiption Hospitals, One of 11.. r the iirciiinnosla tint, of 'rill in patient., have beets erected. lk•siiles these institutions, the +++Timm Ilimpital at I tallltt in, Ole .leWs . Hospital. St. Mark ' s Hospital. two Hospitals for Women. the Hospital for Sick Children, the Hospital for I ij,44.10464.µ of the Skin, and the Ciower all of thew origin, descry+ • to he ttttt 10.1111A:11. Ni/r is inn' lies .ital MCCollinithllittiall COIII . IIOII U. 1...W1W1. Thi . Senlont 111 lig hinimin'y at Nlurglito • is essentially a metropolitan charity. At Eastbourne, In Sussex, there is au institiithon f u r receiving the patients of a familial At lloolinso mouth, in Hampshire. a Aar plan has been projected. The . institution at earaloillou has been Cu . some thme in beneficent operation. in entineetion with the bonbon n 0... comiad atstem. Almost every hospital lima itoienisitileseent fund, atoll noble t ' onvitleseent Hospital is Mow iu e 4511106.• of erection at NVeybridge, 111 Stirrey, Subscriptions have slay tirtn rainyti tvr ltil iiinututivu in thy island of ui ad, tin for the reception of pulmonary patients Reim I.ondon. This it'shtil is a noble characteristic of tins age." Passing from hospitals to schools, itt. Tyler Smith contrasted the eimdition of Paris with that of !minion in this respect, acknow i .etiging the ad viuttages 11,1'1 out in the former city, from the system of cen tralisation, and the direct alliance with the Mate. A faculty of medieitie laul been constituted, prideatairs wetv a nd, and the hospitals thrum/Ives were main tained by the tiovermitent ; degrees were given, and a ?rest seltool estahlialted, in which the moat diatin gnlshell physicians of France istileiatt4l as tearher%; while to the pupils the stinuthel of many tiovernment itiTi Minuet it s was held sift as a reward for prolleWncy. Still he awarded the palm to London :-- " The tug sill lull of uur uteilieal 141111 the OVS• tem of medical teaching tot It now esiats 111 this wets...puha, is diNcrent to Alit thing which the world hits vier before sown, and essUltl only hit% e arisen In It City of %aid viiiiithv thou, luul iiiii kg a people of ill s • resources. in single cit, about a ditzen schools, each et IMpi e t e iu its xpixliutueuts, lull 11111141 St all ileiterving the title of • cr. Mhos, AS 1111' as together. The means of eo 1111 l tunieation arc ass watiserotta that all the proceeding , : of the different lichuol• ur colleges arc well lowan to the protelational world. Our teeming periodical preso—the gtvat handmaid of teaching, our wore literature, our tocslieal libraries, and our pri - Cessional societies—arc interainett at every Itoint sill' 'stir mysts•ta of instruction. Oar schools are a hero( meth cal n•puhlics koak•lk powerfull stimulating die other, like the republics of ancient t, recce ln the several Of London nearly Miceli hundred stinienta arts receii him their education. I.aat etession wards of eleven hawked atu,leuls weru tegistrreil at ao College of Surgeons alone. and thew sire alaU a a certain mitither of *indents preparing to take degrees in OS' tii pass the lull only, or alio conic, to London the pro% I reltoul, or foreign countries, who du toot register themselves at the Utillegs.. I believe 1111 Oilier 1 11,4141 d se l ltas l in the Ilatiillll Mit 11110 1111 el' stilitelltS. A 4 nearly as I rats ti''' untidier of at isletits in Paris is about taelio hundred ; this was the it ow lair given to me a few slay - 4 ago by a soh) skims holding ilklinguisheil post in the I'm kilns school. The ittnishcr c,l' Illrulea) stilitclltii ill Lul mull Ia 1111 it greed h heleW the whole iststabk•e• of al talents in all the (*.Oliva at o l f u rd r ('aitilahlge. If our iarions uuxlicul sellisuls and hospitals acre put Isigethei ill II 111 , Klvratte 1111 l 111 get On iteu of the ilitisortattiee of the aiNtegato medical of this tus•lrs poi is a Welk is apt 1.1 111. 11.'4 sight of n miant on. ..on•nt tutu vast isplileitiOn Ilf Knelt N elty, It IN worthy of observation that the advance of the srbtod hits liven marked by era rikorsliesar) ratoislit ). A few yearn ago 1111 l of young Englishmen detained to ute ilivitto received their education in Seidl 11 11 l 1 m i d iu other islands. '('lsis Wits part iesklarl) the ease with tho sae ittletol• tug to torku•tise as physicians ; 'mittens let s, hum cyrr, eloangesl, and tikelliesst Lombok ekoa attracts it bete she rot • 'stilly repelled. 'I ho points at which V 111411144% Ole n o w going on athirst every promise of inerrased greattse•es for dos till sire. Cl' 'al n1)4141011111 is twos • g systematise , ' ; the estilegiate plan is gaining ground ; the tutorial method of instruction is lag g lc, find favour, loot as a means of sharpening the huotltit.a ,if students la.foro their l thins. lint as it 14111 Or I Sill Itly Ilisslient 4410141 it'll ; al lit ellials an , loving wade to I 114141 n fuller ',applies k sr a kil t isorts OE i/M1 . 1 . 1i1111. l ' s g th is ' 1111 l ober of our st stslents, the 1111 l and eminence of the lasi) of hostellers, a mo s l og . hug Ist nearly lass It sosslil4l, the extent mill orgsuisalion of • leo omi oitals, the elsokrau•ter of I Witt 11l ill Nlifills, suit eel 'at ill it it Hl sit lair toed hid swats oratnass, I think I lir Ouse has tumor %lien, without any so% e 'versa ink; bite, wr ton) thirty dispute for our vomit ry the s• eui oi es of isseslis•ine, auto /Akins allegioo we 141 bowl. .us as the pre sent capital of the medical aorta." BENEDICTINE MtiNES I'Oll O .S. AN illterlNNillif iiM•silion URN argued and diN•III4NI lIPC - fore the N4lll 1111111114.111111111 Ifritll4lllllillll Court, held et Morpeth, isto Mootiolay last. The point at ienone relatvd to the validity lir a claim preferred by vertain monk% of the order of St. Benedict, who) were under oliruct %OWN Of poverty and chastity, to be placed on the register of voters fur the comity, on the swore of cer tain freehold property which they were said to hold in a kind of religions partnership among ttIPM. Thu ebtim NNN Urged cn behalf of the Rev. 't hunuii .‘lllll/1141, (if St. l'ind'm square, Liverpool, and K11[494'11 ulher Itiontan eatlioolie monks of the order, in respect of the shares which they jointly and severally held ill it freellol.l 1114,11.4 e and garden, situate in I ildgate, Monied'. This claim WRI4 objected to by 111 r. Brunt men, on the part of the Conservative«, and defended by the Liberal agent, Mr. Charlton : he. Rev. O. A. Lowe, to Roman t'oothoolie prleat in Moor. s tll, $lllll one Of the claimants, stated that 3lr. Almond Mehl the seventeenth part of the !liaise Ito 11111.01ot. forlitel Iv ill OW ilernplitiot Lest Coollieneaossl, whielt smelly - Ptah part wan of t 11: ills. a seer. 'fl , witness also imulet4ll 11(441 nhoviiiig tht the prooperty had lwen trios holyli romete4l to Mr. Min a utia euul the I,tlier sixteen daimon's', 111 'Anil, 011411•4. Mr. 800 141141 %%ill pal tell it, shut volts amen takes lon lois oultiairsioon too the "viler Wittiest,: I have nothing too oho with sim vim"' here. I slid loot I.llllll* here to make a osonfes ' of my religious vrecil. I stand hem as a subject, and to Asia) for 141 r. .‘latiootiol and the rest the rivht to rote on this 41614, which I 'endure. Th.• Revising Barrister I Mr Bova aakeollf the question had 1111,thitig 10 ilu gals thr matter iu issue, and, Mr. Urn 1111 l iell answering That it was a millellel point in Ins o ,,, ig uagiork of thv NMWvas, the lvlUlittl sent/Qum ruled