The Press. — London, England, 1854-09-16 00:00:00

870 the four points insisted on by the Western powers, it does pot think they are indispensable in a German point of view. The common protectorate would be attended with difficulty, and may bring harm to Germany. The King of Prussia cannot then recom mend his German allies to accede to the four condi Lions in such a manner as to incur on their account expenses and obligations not commanded by the spirit and end of the Austro-Prussian convention. The King hopes that the Emperor of Austria will take this view of the case, and adhere to it, as be. comes a German prince. He hopes, moreover, that the Emperor, seeing his own States are guaranteed against attack from the side of Russia, will abstain from every act of aggression against Russia, and avoid all complication not necessary for the protec• tion of German interests, and to which the convention does not apply. This proceeding on the part of Prussia is the most decided move it has yet made, and is re. garded with high satisfaction by all the organs of Russia throughout Europe. M. Meyendorff has sent to the Emperor of Austria his letters of recal. He returns immediately to St. Petersburg. - - -- • RUSSIA. St. Petersburg journals of the 2nd inst. contain, for the first time, a general order, dated the 29th ult., published in consequence of the visit paid by the Emperor to Cronstadt. In this order the Emperor thanks the garrisons of Kronschlott and Paul forts for the rapidity with which they turned out and stood to their guns at the signal of a false alarm. Each soldier received a silver rouble, and some officers were decorated. It appears that the troops occupying forts principally consist of the reserve division of the Ist corps, part of which is in Lithuania and the rest in Poland, of the Kronstadt garrison artillery, of the sth reserve battalion of the sth and 6th Light Infantry (of which the eight active battalions form the 2ud brigade, 3rd division, Ist corps), and of the Ist battalion Finland special corps—giving a total of 25 batalions, or about 20,000 effective bayonets, and 2,000 artillery. SPAIN. M. Soule, the American Minister, addresses to a Madrid paper the following characteristic epistle on the subject of the reports spread on the occasion of his withdrawal from the capital : " Monsieur,—The tone and character of the article pub lished about me in your number of this day shows too clearly the influence which has inspired it for me to allow it to pass without the honour of a reply. I absent myself from Madrid because it is my pleasure so to do, and because I have no account to render to any one either of my proceedings or of the motives which dictate them. I shall never absent myself from any place whatever from fear of being insulted or put in danger by those to whom my presence may be objectionable. I have no fear either of impertinent men or even of hired assassins, and particularly, sir, I have no fear of the people. The people respect those who merit to be respected—they only brand with reprobation the wretches who flatter and deceive them. They fight, but do not assassinate. As for the perfidious insinuations which are contained in your article, they are beneath contempt. I leave to you the merit of the way in which you have varnished them over, and to those who dictated them the infamy of their inven tion.-1 am, sir, dc., " PIERRE SOULE." The members of the Madrid Junta of Govern ment met at a banquet, on the 7th, to celebrate their voluntary dissolution. The former taxes abolished by the Juntas have been generally re-established, without resistance. The Government continues united, and gains strength. Letters from Madrid of the 10th state (that the Government has ordered the governors of the pro vinces to enforce the laws of 1837 to restrain abuses of the liberty of the press. The monthly return of the revenue for July last shows, as might be expected, a great falling off in almost all branches, as compared with July, 1853. The total receipts of July, 1853, were 83,843,388 reels, while those of Jnly last were only 59,201,971 reels, showing a difference against the latter of 24,641,417 reels. AR the principal revenues have been more or less affected by the state in which the country has been thrown by the revolution. PORTUGAL. The arrival of Maria Christina at Lisbon is exciting to the utmost the impressionable populace of that city. The Queen and her husband, accom panied by General Garrego , on landing, proceeded Immediately in the royal carriages to the Spanish Embassy, where a guard of honour had been stationed. It is understood that she is to take her departure in the Newton. She travelled under the title of the Countess d'lramende, and was conse quently received without a royal salute. Viscount Athouguia the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and M. Alcala Galliano, the Spanish Ambassador, went over to Aldea Galega to receive the countess and conduct her to M. Galliano's residence, where she intends to remain a few days, until a French steamer is ready to convey her to her children in France, unless she should make up her mind to leave at once, yid lib. THE PRESS. Southampton, by the beautiful new steam-packet Candia, which now returns upon its, so far, very satisfactory trial voyage. The prevalent topic of conversation, in the ab sence of political events, is the attempted abduction of the young daughter of Senhor Ferraosinha, in order to bring about a compulsory marriage with young Saldanha. All the friends of the marshal stoutly deny that he had any knowledge of the plot, but most unquestionably the members of his family sand public authorities were act and part in the disgraceful affair. General dissatisfaction is given by the proceed ings of the Health Board. All the world is under their ban, and subjected to quarantine. Still no proper arrangements are made to lodge the nume rous passengers arriving from every quarter, nor for landing the merchandise. Reports of the vintage are still very alarming. There will not, probably, be one-fourth of the average quantity of wine. In many quintal there is not so much as a single pipe of wine. Enormous prices are given for the new wines. Twenty-four moidores have been paid for a barrel of wine which formerly cost five or six. It is lamentable to see the chief produce of the country so dreadfully affected. ITALY. The court-martial sitting at Parma, on the 7th, condemned six persons to be shot, and twelve to hard labour in irons for various periods, for the part they took in the late insurrection. The Corriere Mercantil of Genoa, of the 9th, states that that city has now resumed its usual ap pearance, the cholera having entirely disappeared. The Calabrese, a Neapolitan paper, gives shocking accounts from Messina. Owing to the panic which had seized upon the country people that city was kept forty-eight hours without provisions. Physicians had been sent from Naples. Bodies had remained without burial for days, for want of hands to do the office. The most singular fact stated is, that, in the midst of all this pestilence, the citadel, which lies on an elevated rock, has completely escaped. SWEDEN. Between the war and the cholera this country is under a double excitement. Of the last the Swedes are in deadly fear, and are inflicting quarantines on arrivals from everywhere. The latest arrangement of this sort is that the districts of Hamburg, Altona, and Lubeck-Travemunde are declared infected with cholera and subject to quarantine. Meanwhile Sweden cannot be induced by the most liberal offers and guarantees to abandon its neutral position, and openly join the Western powers. She seems to be in dread of exciting the anger of her powerful neigh bour, and doubts the possibility of France and Eng land being able to protect her against a hostile inva sion. GREECE. Accounts from Athens of the 2nd, in the Piedman tese Gazette, state that the Greek Government has pro posed to the French general to translocate his troops from the Pirteus to Stamatos, instead of to Athens ; but that the French general refuses this arrange ment, and has already caused several points near the capital to be occupied by his troops. M. Barotzi has been sent on a mission to the Porte, in crier to renew the former relations between the two countries. AMERICA. The Washington correspondent of a New York paper makes a statement of great importance, if correct in its details. The writer states that an important cor respondence has taken place between Mr. Buchanan and Lord Clarendon, relative to the port of San Juan and the Mosquito protectorate. Mr. Buchanan took early occasion, after entering on his mission, to inform the Secretary for Foreign Affairs that his Government desired to resume and bring to a conclusion all ques tions respecting Central America which were pending when Mr. Everett retired from the State department on the 4th of March, 1853. He stated the views and expectations of his Government at some length. Lord Clarendon replied in a statement embodying the claims of Great Britain, and advancing on her part pretensions which were supposed to have been yielded by the Clayton and Bulwer convention of 1850. Mr. Buchanan rejo ned with a counter state ment, in which he reviewed the controversy from its commencement, and stated with convincing strength and argument the position and rights of the United States. He declared in explicit terms that the American Goverment cou'A not recognise any Indian claim to territorial jurisdiction over any part of this continent, and therefore could not admit the validity of any protectorate or guarantee of such claims. This communication is understood to comprise the ultimatum of the Government on the Central Ameri can question, and is believed to require not only the abandonment of the protectorate over the Mosquito coasts, but the relinquishment of the settlement at the Belize, and the discontinuance of the colony of the Bay of Islands, on the coast of Honduras, as formed in 1852. The rejoinder to this significant state paper bas not been received, and probably none will be given. SATURDAY, In the meantime the Greytown business is assuming a form in which public and private interests are strangely mixed. Captain G. N. Hollins, of the United States sloop of-war Cyane, has been arrested at the suit of Calvin Durant,, on a charge of destroy ing property to the amount of 14,000 dollars, at the bombardment of Greytown, and bail entered before the sheriff in the amount of 10,000 dollars, his sureties being Hemen J. Redfield, the collector of the port ; John J. Sisco, sub-treasurer; and J. R. Bradhead, naval officer. It is stated that, pending the action of the British and colonial Legislatures on the reciprocity treaty, the River St. Lawrence will be free to American vessels to navigate. A correspondence of some importance has been pub. fished between Mr. Marcy and Mr. Buchanan, on the subject of the recent declaration of France and Eng land, respecting the rights of neutrals. Mr. Secretary Marcy, in acknowledging the satisfaction with which the United States have received the declaration of France and England that, in the war with Russia, those powers will recognise the doctrine that free ships make free goods, reserving only the right of searching neutral vessels for articles contraband of war, and of preventing neutrals from bearing the enemy's despatches, and from breaking an effective blockade of the enemy's ports, regrets that the con currence of those great maritime powers in a principle for which the United States have so long and so strenu ously contended as a neutral right should be limited to its practical observance only during the present war, inasmuch as an unconditional sanction of it, combined with such practical observance, would have caused it to be henceforth recognised throughout the civilised world as a general principle of inter national law. The exemption of the property of neutrals, not contraband, from seizure and confisca tion when laden on board an enemy's vessel is a right now generally recognised by the law of nations, and it would seem that exemption of enemies' pro perty on board a neutral vessel, which is granted for the present war, was only a just concession to the great interest of commerce, demanded by the en alightened spirit of the age. The right of search is t best an odious right, the exercise of which is liable to involve the neutral in serious difficulty with the belligerent, rendering it, therefore, the interest of both parties that it should be restricted within the narrowest limits, and should result in seizure only when that act of high-handed power may tend di rectly to cripple the enemy and diminish his means and faculty of resistance. Though the right, which the law of nations, as interpreted by elementary writers and by decisions of Courts of Admiralty, allows of searching neutral vessels for articles contraband of war, and for enemies' goods, is so far modified during the present war, by the consent of England and France, as to exempt from seizure and confisca tion enemies' property under a neutral flag, never theless the right to search for and seize articles con traband of war on board of neutral vessels still exists, and this implies also the right on the part of the belli gerent exercising the search to ascertain the character of the neutral's cargo. It is considered a settled point by the British Admiralty Courts that persistent resistance to lawful search subjects the neutral vessel so offending to confiscation. ABOUT one-fourth of the clocks made in the United States find a market in England for home consumption and shipping, The following statistics will show the amount of capital employed, the number of hands, and the quantity of clocks made in each year. Bristol, Conn., has 14 factories, employs 440 hands, using 334,000 dole. in capital, producing 201,000 finished clocks. Plymouth, Conn. has three factories, employs 1 75 hands , usin g 150,000 do's. in capital, producing 70,000 clocks. Lich field, Conn., employs 30 hands ; capital, 50,000 dols.; pro. duce, 3,000 clocks. Ansonia has two factories, employs 140 bands, using 132,000 dols. capital, producing 102,000 clocks. Southington has two factories, employs 45 hands, using 42,000 dols. capital, producing 14,0 .0 clocks; Win. stead has one factory, employs 40 hands, using 36,00() dols., producing 30,000 clocks; New Haven has three factories, employs 405 hands, using 258,00) dols., producing 374,000 clocks ; total number of hands employed in clock making in Connecticut, 1,279; total capital, 1,002,0 M dols. ; total number of clocks, 794,000 per year. New York city finishes about one-fourth as many clocks as the whole of Connecticut, and the clocks made each year may be safely set down as one million and a half worth of dollar's. A DISCOVERY, which is likely to be of great advantage to agriculture, has just been r e p orted to the Agricultural Society at Clermont (Oise). A gardener, whose frames and hothouse required painting, decided on making them black, as likely to attract the heat better, and, from a p ciple of economy, he made use of gas tar instead of black paint. The work was performed during the winter, and on the approach of spring the gardener was surprised to find that all the spiders and insect s which usually infested his hothouse had disappeared, and also that a vine, which for the last two years had so fallen off that he had inteudeil to replace it by another, had acquired fresh force and v i go ur, and gave every sign of producing a large crop of grapes. He afterwards used the same substance on the posts and trelliswork which supported the trees m the open air, and met with the same result, all the caterpillars and other insects disappearing. it is said that similar experiments have been made in some of the vineyards On the Gironde with like results.