The Express. — London, England, 1861-03-01 00:00:00

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WI OF • SOLDIIR. —And TUE TRINES AND TM MIA Nam PIN. fiefs. Jean I.". V,__so• K lder wheft lbw Oland sad nor Me,. C. Ileplast, W. a& VIER WATER AT 1011011 IRMA 1 DAI Oa.— Mime" IL T. Toiletiow—Rundos, k We..... ARNENE. `Ma LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 1. Toe conflict between the French 13iehope and the Emperor N A11,1.1:4 IX has broken out afresh, with new and astoniahing violence. 'Nothing that " the Reds" ever published in the crises of revo- lutions was more reckless and passionate than is the wenehmeet of the Bishop of Pornaas given in our columns yesterday. The Bishop treads under foot all the recognised laws of warfare, and attacks the Eartaos personally with the weapons which ecclesiastical jealousy knows so well bow to pervert. The object of the Bishop, to use his own words, is to nail the EMPEROR to the pillory, and to do this be does not shrink from comparing him to Potrrter PILATIP. His policy is described in a sacred and terrible phrase as a " mystery of iniquity ;" but the next moment it Is represented as so obvious to criticism as to be branded by the ridicule of all statesmen. What is the meaning of all this blasphemous tirade? !limply that the French Bishops fear that the Byrom will not always be content to answer for the arrests of ASTONELLI and the forays of Mesons. The Bishop's own historical analogy betrays him. PILATE, in the awful transaction which the Bishop so irreverently drags into the question, was at least the judge in the 1 1 cause, and " could have had no power at " all exoept it had been given him from " above." But Loris NseoLsox has no title whatever to be the judge between the Pori and Italy. He has kept a garrison at Rome these twelve years to protect the Puns against his own subjects. He is at Rome in no other character than as the powerful friend of the Pori. He has done for the Holy Father what no other sovereign either would or could do, and done it at an immense sacri fice of credit. But all is forgotten by Ultra montane insolence. You can never count on the gratitude of a spendthrift. It is in vain that you have beggared your family, and plunged yourself in difficulties : when the inevitable moment comes, and you are compelled at length to stay your hand, prepare to hear that not the exasperated creditor, not the bailiff, but you— false in your professions, obstinate in your plans, mysterious in your iniquity—you are the author of his ruin. This is the temper of the Bishop of POITIERS. The Government of the EMPEROR, it appears, has resolved to bring this episcopal mandement before the Council of State, which has jurisdiction in such matters. It is alleged, that besides being offensive to the EMPEROR, it " wantonly troubles " the consciences of the citizens." According to English notions the consciences of the citizens are best loft to the enlightenment of discussion and the assuring and confirming influence of the truth it elicits. But every nation has ways of its own, and it must be remembered that the Bishops are abus ing an influence which is essentially one of autho rity and not of persuasion. That they are acting in concert is shown by the adhesion of ten of them to the circular of the Bishop of OsLa•Na. For the next few weeks their proceedings will repay attention. Twi posture of the Admiralty in the face of its foes is that of the lamb which " licks the " hand just raised to shed its blood." Sir JAML, ELPHINRTUNS throws a delicate sauce of personal flatteries over the palpitating victim before he proceeds to cut it up. Nobody is to blame ; "the System "is the sinner. The result is that the Service is going to the dogs—ships and men. This was the burden of the chorus last night. Mr. LINIVIAY summarised the indictment in a comprehensive count of increasing outlay and decreasing efficiency. Mr. lIVIRY HAULM interpreted the suspicious alacrity of the Admiralty in granting a Committee as a favourite dodges for amusing the House, throwing a sop to public opinion out of door, and making all snug at Whitehall for at least two years to come. He asked how it was that Govern ment was not prepared to reconstruct the Ad miralty, if, as it appeared by the appointment of the Committee , the necessity for reconstruction was not denied. Sir J.tera ELPRIMITONE glanced l at the Service in all its branches, executive and ad ministrative, afloat and ashore, and found all rotten. Responsibility was nowhere, frivolous and vexatious meddling everywhere. The right sort of ships were constructed at the wrong time, and the wrong sort of ships at all times. The construc tion of ships was devolved upon an officer whose primary qualification was that he knew ab• whitely nothing of ship-building, or that he was well up in steam machinery, with which the government dockyards have no onicern. This was how in the Russian war we built a couple of floating batteries, which were floundering in the' Bayof Biscay like sheep in a ditch, long atter their French originals had silenced the forts at Kin burn. This was how the Warrior stuck fast in the contractors' yard until the Board had made up their minds about the " drawings " and the plates. This is how, as the Member for Portsmouth phrased it, we went on building, in the SYMOSR . days, ships without bottoms, and during the campaign in the Baltic, mortar vessels without bows. This is how we are always behindhand with our recon structions, and always throwing good money after liad, in accumulating with reckless precipita tion whole dames of ships which are super seded almost before they are launched. This le how our royal yards are ridiculously mans and bow any additional accommoda tion is provided at a cost which would cover ail the mercantile docks and basins in the United Kingdom. Then I. to the personnel. In a fit of panic three years ago we re sorted to the fatal bounty system, and by a reck less waste of public money we swept the scouring of the ports into the fleet, and fatally debauched THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 1, 1861. the character and discipline of the Service, while we were paying off in the barbarous old fashion hundreds of men-of-wars' men, and tardily following the recommendations of the Royal Commission in the establishment of training ships for boys. Just as we pay off • Board of Admiralty as soon as they begin to warm to their work, so we pay off our picked able seamen, and drag the shuns of all the outports for • pack of skulkers who would disgrace a collier. The result is such a state of discipline, that in the Mediterranean squadron suppressed mutiny is chronic, and insubordination the order of the day. True seamen are dispirited and down at heart, and so are smart and zealous captains, who are not even allowed by the Admiralty to carry on the duty of their own ships without the incessant meddling of " My Lords," whom your sea-lawyer holds in terror over the heads of his officers. No progress has been made towards the creation of a standing navy, or an effectual reserve in time of war. The Admiralty are for ever botching, mending, and altering ; but as to barrack accommodation at the naval arsenals, or a comprehensive plan of maritime inscription, these are the chimeras of pamphleteering enthusiasts on half-pay. And when the seafaring population on the comet come forwards& a defensive force of volunteers at sea, "My Lords" pooh pooh the notion, as a freak of yachtsmen ; and the goodwill of thousands of the smartest longshore-men, hoblers, fishermen, and boatmen is held of no account, because they don't care to bo marked with the broad arrow of "My " Lords." Such are only a few details of the immense indictment against the Admiralty. It is no fault of the British people, of Parini meat, or of the press, that the British Navy is disgraoefully ill-paid from the highest to the lowest branch of the Service ; that it is the chartered prey of "interest," favouritism, jobbery, and incompe tence ; and that it is not, as it certainly might be, the most happy and efficient, as it is the richest in glory of all the navies in the world. It will be a national peril and disgrace if the present Session panes away without at least effecting ono radical reform--the Reform of the Navy. Tie House of Lords last night was occupied with a subject of very great importance and diffi culty—the hardship and distress caused to the labouring classes, especially in the crowded eastern parts of London, by the destruction of their dwellings consequent upon the multiplication and extension of lines of railway with their necessary stations. Its importance is seen in the fact that in one parish, that of St. Bartholomew, Cripple gate, 2,000 poor persons are under notice to quit their dwellings to make way for the extension of one railway, and that among the schemes deposited this year with the Board of Trade fifteen traverse the heart of the metropolis. The difficulty of the subject is seen in the fact that neither the Earl of Dinar, who introduced it, nor the Earl of SHAPTUBBORY, who brought his great experience to bear on it, was able to suggest a practicable remedy. Lord Daisy observed that when the interests of trade are threatened with disturbance by public improvements, they are powerful enough to command attention and exact compen sation; but that the interest of the labouring classes in being housed near their work is destroyed without a thought of making them amends. This is too true, althongh it ought not to be hastily assumed on that account that the interests of the labourer are lightly esteemed. It would be nearer the truth to may that the poor are not , indemnified because their interest in such cases is so extremely difficult to estimate and ascertain. It is comparatively easy to settle the value of a business site, but simply impossible to say what is the worth of a labourer's weekly tenure of a couple of living-moms. Then, again, it is to be remembered that every scheme which facilitates business—and among these none are more im portant than railways—increases employment, and thus benefits the class which on the other hand it subject& to inconvenience. The wholesale diaper session of populations, however, is now reaching a pitch of importance at which it must be recog nised as worthy of the most serious public atten tion, and the least that can be granted is a select committee to inquire into the remedy. Such a com mittee, however, would soon perceive that the true interests of the working classes are not to be served by resisting the construction of those means of communication which are found necessary for the purposes of commerce. The speeches of Mr. SITYOCI FITZOILLILD, Sir J. FiIiGURSON, and Mr. LATARD show how MlCeli- Nary was some such explanation as Lord JOHN Rcsacti. gave of the part we are taking with reference to the French occupation in Syria. The serious inconveniences which are the direct consequences of that occupation, in addition to those which present themselves in connexion with the policy which Russia is steadily, though quietly, pursuing towards Turkey, impress men of all parties. The equal administration of justice in Syria is impossible while the French troops remain there ; and it is too clear that their presence, and the part they are taking with one portion of the population against the other, is preparing the way, however contrary to their intention, for the out breaks which their agents predict will take place when their army is withdrawn. As tho case now stands, it is impossible to foretel when the occupa tion will cease. THE PRESIDENT ELECT ON THE SECESSION. According to the latest advieds from the United States brought by the Anglo•Baxon, a summary of which we published yesterday, Mr. Lincoln continues his lourney towards Washington, being received everywhere with the grentaitenthusissm. At Pittsburg, Pennsyl • on the 15th, Mr. Lincoln addressed an immense throng the balcony of the Monongahela House. After thanking them for their flattering reception, which was indicative of their good will and sincere feeling, he said : Allusion has been made nearly in every short address I have delivered to the present distracted date of the country, and you naturally expect me to say something upon this subject. But to touch upon it at all involves an elaborate discussion of a great many questions and circumstances requiring more time than I can at present command, and might unneceesa rily commit me upon matters which have not fully deve- loped themselves. (Cheers, and cries of Good, that's right.) The condition of the country ia extraordi nary, and fills the mind of every patriot with anxiety. It is my intention to give this subject all the consideration possible before specifically defining m position in regard to it—(chess {— so that when I do speak I may be as nearly right as possible. When Ido speak I hope to say nothing in opposition to the spirit of the con stitution, or contrary to the integrity of the Union, or which will prove inimical to the liberties of the people or the peace of the whole country. (Great cheering.) And furthermore, when the time comes for me to speak upon the great subject, I hope to say nothing t e k o di c sa u sisoint the generally throughout the country, • yif their expectations are based upon anything Irbil. I may have heretofore said. (Applause.) Notwithstanding the troubles across the river—(pointing southward to the Monoogahela Hirer and smiling)—there really is no crisis except an artificial one. (Laughter and applause.) What is there now to warrant the con dition of affairs presented by our friends over the river ? Take even their own views of the questions involved, there is nothing to justify the course they are punning. (A Voice : That's so.') I repeat there is no crisis excepting such as may be gotten up at any time by turbulent men, aided by designing politicians. My advice to them is to keep cool. If the great American people will only keep then , temper on both sties of the line the trouble will come to as end, and the question be settled just as surely as all other difficulties of a like character which have originated in this government have been adjusted. Let the people on both sides keep their self-possession, and just as other clouds have pined away in due time so will this great na tion continue to prosper as heretofore." P4SITIONB FOR MARCH. ---..-- (From Le Pellet.) Amongst other novelties which have lately ap peared, than are cashmere shawls of an entirely new style. They are no longer of one colour, but covered all over with some design—palms, or medallions of bright colours ; or sometimes made with broad, long stripes of white, which cross the shawl over the shoulder, whilst the other part is either black, red, or blue. They are made square as well as long ; and with white, and beautiful Indian pink in the medallions, are very elegant and recherché. Satin progresses in favour, and nothing au be "more charming than this beautiful materiel Velvet, though very effective, in only deemed suitable for elderly ladies : at least, such is the opinion of the fashionable world. For satin, lace is decidedly the mast suitable trimming ; and, indeed, no other ornament can be said really to equal it. A dress ornamented with gold can only be worn once or twice, but lace may bo made into so many different forms and fashions. Morning and at-home dress vary but little in make. They are very simple; the skirts plain in front; sleeves nearly tight, just loose enough to Fats the hand through; and trimmed with a cuff or trimming up to the elbow. The skirts are bound round the bottom with • velvet, throe or four inches iu width, and • row of mamma buttons up the front. The colours most in vogue are golden, brown, and violet des Alpes. For visiting dress, richer and more ornamental robes are worn. Velvet, satins with lace trimmings, moires, and taffetas antique moire, and satin, are also trimmed with velvet, interlaced, and forming a trimming en Mblier for the front of the dress ; or rings of psesemeoterie placed in bands ins similar form or macaroni surrounded by la oe Taf fetas and taffetas antique are elegantly trimmed with . very Dlll7Olll finances down the front of the dress ; sometimes surrounded by a thick ruche, or finished by butterfly bows—that is to my, bows with ou t en d s ; merely two bows drawn together with a piece acmes the middle, the bows being le ft wide out like wings. Velvet really needs no ornament ; the only trimming admissible is lace put in little flounces en tahlier ; or, what is perhaps newer sod also equally pretty, is a band of guipure placed round the skirt, a short distance from the bottom, with a band of light. coloured satin-generally white—laid under it. The skirts have lost nothing of their amplitude, and con. tinue to be made with small trains. The bodies are made round at the waist, or in a point ; but the latter is consi dered the most dressy. They are very frequently made open, either a short distance down, which leaves a space for handsome buttons on the body, or open down to the waist ; in which case, a rich plastron of Lee can complete the toilette. Sleeves for dresses of rich material are made half large, long, and open with trimmings, or of three pu ff s. The trimmings, of course, must correspond with those of the dress. The following descriptions will put our readers in pores lion of the newest styles of bonnets for this month : black velvet bonnet, with a wide bride of blue terry velvet edged with white satin, Stood across from ear to ear. White satin curtain, covered with black Los. Two small blue feathers plane di en bandeau. Bonnet of mauve royal velvet ; the soft crown farmed with a rich blonde. On the leftside, a bunch of mauve festhersandon the right a shull of blonde, in the middle of which is placed a small rosette of feathers. A bandeau of mauve flowers scree the forehead. This bonnet is extremely elegant, as is also the following made of pink terry velvet mixed with blonde, eitberwhite or black, or both, mixed with a bunch of curled feathers at the side. In the inside, two email feathers form • diadem, being fastened together by a ro sette of blonde. Fancy strewbotinets are beginning to be Worn and c•pottee of coloured and black, or white ails, are much in favour. These last are trimmed either with a fiat bow on the top or • rosette of ribbon or small feathers at the side ; but we do not expect much novelty in bonnets whilst the weather is so unsettled. The eveningcoilfurea are exceedingly beautiful this season. The u await, and certainlynot the lewd becoming style is formed with three very small wreaths carried across the head—the front one forming a small diadem on the forehead, which is generally a dark shade of colour; Ore second, a straight wreath, is of a lighter shade ; sad the third i s th e lightest shade of the colour. This head.drass may be seen on one of the plates for this month, and will, we believe, become a general favourite. The rate style of headAress may formed with gold cord, or rouleaux or plaits of velvet of dif• tenant shades, or rouleaux of velvet sad gold. The publication of the fifth volume of Macaulay's "History of England" edited by his sister, Lady Tre velyan, is announced for the 15th inst. It will comprise the events of the years 1696, 1699, 1700, and 1701—including the death of James 11., and the memorable general elec. tionof 1701—sod contains that portion of the continuation of the "History of England" which Lord Macaulay left fairly transcribed and revised for the press. It is given to the world precisely as it was left. Besides the revised manuscript, a few pages containing the first rough sketch the last two months of Williams reign are all that is left. From this, Lady Trevelyan has, with some &Sonny, deciphered the amount of the death of William. No attempt has been made to join it on to the preceding pert, or to supply the corrections which would have been made by the tasteful hand of the author. Mr. Buckle's second volume of " The History of (Ivilieatien in England'l will appear is April A new volume will appear early in April on the Natural Dietary of Ceylon, by Sir J. EmereonTennent, K.C.S., LL.D., &e. Mr. B. B. Woodward, 8.A., F.S.A., is prepar ing for the press a new Historical and Chronological Encyclopedia. Tin Weeks in Japan," by the Bishop of Vic toria (Hoeg Kong), is in the prem. A new work is preparing for publication, entitled the " Treasury of Botany," edited by John Lindle', M.D., Emeritus Professor of Botany in University College, Lon don, assisted by Professor Balfour, the Rev. J. M. Berke ley, John Ball, Fag., the Rev. C. A. Johns, J. T. Syme, Esq., Maxwell Masters, Esq., Thomas Moore, Esq., and other practical botanists. _ _ _ "The Life of Robert Stephenson, F.R.S., late President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, by John Cordy Jeanine," Barrister•at-Law ; and Williant Pole, Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, is preparing for pnblieatka._ _ "The Autobiography and Services of Sir James M'Grigor, Bart., late Director-General of the Army Medical Department." will be published early this mouth. " Memoirs of the Life of Sir Marc Inambard Brunel, Civil Engineer, V.P., F.A.S., Corresponding Mem ber of the Institute of France, ke., ►y Richard Beamish, F.A.5.," ars preparing for publication. "The We of Ifiehaitl Purson, M.A., Profeesor of Greek le the University of Cambridge from 1792 to 1808, by the Rev. John Selby Watson, M.A., M.R.5.L.," is in *sprees AN ANALYSIS OF "ESSAYS AND REVIEWS." Those who have not read " Essays and Reviews" may obtain a general idea of the contents of the work from the following simple, correct, and of course unbiassed analysis, published in Messrs. Longmans' Notes on Books (No. 24), just issued : The Essays comprised in this volume are stated to have been written independently of each other, and do not ap pear to have been associated upon any prescribed plan. 1. Dr. Temple opens the view of a progressively spiritual development of the human race, which he likens to a pro cess of education. To this development the Hebrews con tributed the conception of the one God, and the regulation I of the passions; the Greeks educated the intellect and taste • to the Asiatic is due the imaginative element, and to the Roman the discipline of the will. All these be longed to the childhood of the world. When mankind was ripe for it, the Lord Jesus came to teach by his example ; and in the third period, that of the Christian church, humanity is left to the guidance of the mature reason and of the indwelling spirit, to learn the one remain ing lesson of charity and toleration. The Bible contains the record of the earlier stages in this spiritual progress, and is the divine instrument for transmitting the spiritual life. The exact study of it is declared to be the immediate work of our own day. 2. " Bunsen's Biblical Researches," as carried through the k" Egypt's Place, Re.," the " God in History," and some parte of the " Bible for the People," form the subject of a Review by Dr. Rowland Williams. Without approving of his author in all details, he admires the large grasp with which he treats his material and assents to the great principle of biblical and historical interpretation which recognises a spiritual growth in humanity. If the specific unity of the human race, as he has always ' taught soil believed, is to be maintained, he agrees with I Bunsen in the necessity for au extension of received chronology during the prehistoric and early his lark periods; he considers it required, in order to make room for known events, for ethnic and linguistic developments, and for the rooting of spiritual growth. Part of the Bible he consider to have been com piled out of earlier documents. He follows Baron Bunsen with approval in his treatment of the prophetical portions of scripture, including those typical analogies usually esteemed Messianic prophecies, and especially Is. liii. ; and he regards the prophetic spirit rather as a faculty of insight into the laws of God's moral government of the world, than as a power of predicting the events of external history. Lastly, the " Hippolytus " is referred to as illus trating the first growth of the Gospel, its original relation to heathenism, and the hardening of Christianity into dog matism and ecclesiasticism. The Essay appreciates, in conclusion, the learning and moral courage of Bunsen. 3. The leading idea in the Eery by the late Profaner Powell appears to be, "that the more knowledge advances, the more it will be acknowledged that Christianity, as a real religion, must be viewed apart from connexion with physical things." Hence it follows that the portion of the " Evidences" which tarns upon miraculous attes tations of the Gospel may impede its reception rather than favour it. Miracles are said to have become in fact, in the minds of many, a part of the object of belief, and, as such, to present the greatest difficulties to belief. When the analysis of any alleged supernatural or miraculous event is carried to the utmost, we can never have more than negative evidence as to its cause, no more than this, that it is not consequent upon any known antecedent. Testimony also may reach as far as sense does—namely, to the occurrence of the physical phenomenon itself, but no further. Whether that phenomenon were due me diately to some secondary unobserved cause,or to the imme diate action of the First Cause, escapes detectioc,and there fore cannot be the subject of testimony. To arrive at the "source" of • miracle we must transcend nature, and when we have transcended nature we are in the pre. since of the Deity, who cannot work miracles relatively to Himself. The result of the discussion is to make a distinct severance between the external and internal evidences of Christianity ; and to show that the progress of ' physical discovery may ied the former, ea they have usually been treated, but not the latter. 4. Mr. Wilson's Bray is chiefly devoted to the considera tion of the means of rendering the National Church more comprehensive, especially in reference to the difficulties occasioned by modern biblical criticism and theological speculation. He lays it down as the true principle of the Christian church generally, that it should be what he calls multitudinous—that is, as we un derstand it, inclusive of persons of all degrees of iatellernal attainment, and of moral and spiritual advancement. He shows that the apostolic church was very slow to excommunicate, either for moraldelinquency or erroneous belief. Much lees should a national church, in which all the citizens have an interest by birthright, prac. really shut out multitudes from itself, by placing artificial speculative barriers in the way of communion with it. Mr. Wilson argues , indeed, that the stringency of terms of coin amnion in the Church el England, and of the clerical obli ptious, is less than is usually supposed, on two grounds:- 1. Because the National Church is a legal institution, and the State being the imposer of its articles and formu laries, interprets them ultimately with great latitude In its own court. ; and the legal obligation of subecrip tins and declarations so ascertained becomes the measure of the moral one. Yet the modification of existing sub seriptions is advocated on grounds of public policy, inas much as they practically deter many from entering the ministry ; occasion scruples to others • and furnish contra- Tardier with invidious weapons. T he author thinks the requisite modifications would be consistent with retaining the Thirty-nine Articles as the ultimate standard of doctrine and as a barrier against Reinanism ; 2. Inasmuch as the Church of England forniularies declare themselves to be founded upon scripture, the same latitude must be allowed in their in terpretation which belongs to the interpretation of the scripture itself ; this varies according to the di ff erences of men's circumstances and attainments. Instances are given of the range of these varieties of interpretation. From the removal of speculative obstacles to communion with the National Church, Mr. Wilson looks forward to an increase of its power as an educator of the Christian life ; and finally he anticipates there shall be found here after, as in the Church on earth, places not only for the perfect, but both for "small and great," in the world to come. _ . _ - 5. The Essay on the " Mosaic Cosmogony " un dertakes to free the Yentsteuchal account of the Creation from the forced interpretations put upon it by attempted reconciliations with modern disco veries. This is required in the interest of a genuine piety, of reverence for the biblical records, and of critical morality. The author confines himself to the first narrative of creation, which terminates Gen. ii. 3. In this passage there is a sublime grandeur, when the language is received in its plain and obvious meaning ; but there is nothing in it poetical or allegorical, nor anything to indicate an inner hidden sense. The schemes of reconciliation pasmfl under review are chiefly those of Ituckland, Chal mers, Hugh Miller, and Archdeacon Pratt. It is shown how they mutually destroy each other, and how the conciliatory hypotheses have always given way before the advance of actual discovery. Time, the assumption of an indefinite period elapsed between Gee. 1. 1 sod 2, ;1= which the geological phenomena were at one time supposed to have taken place by catastrophic action, surrendered to the discoveries of Lyell, and room had to be made for the terrestrial changes in the hexaberneron itself. The "periodic" explanation of the " days" of Gen. i., to which conciliators were thus driven, is next examined, and par ticularly the " visionary" hypothesis. Some pointed ex amples are then given, to show the disagreement of par ticular statements in the scriptural text under any of these views, with the information since acquired by obser vation. The text, it is said, can only be made to accord with scientific discovery by emptying its statements of all specific meaning. But it is maintained that the admitting of elements, of error or defect in this ancient utterance ought not to detract from the admiration due to a composition which embodies the great truth of the unity of the design of the world, and its subordination to one sole Maker and Lawgiver; and which it has pleased Pro vidence to use for no many ages in a special way for the education of mankind. IL Mr. Pottierm reviews the course of English theological literature from the Revolution to the middle of the eighteenth century, so far as those controversies were concerned in which the opponents and defenders of Revelation equally appealed to the common Reason. "Rationalism" was, during that age, a method and universal habit of thought. The effort on one side was to prove, on the other side to disprove, the truth of Christianity. The literature, however, of the period ending with 1750 is characterised as far superior in spiritual elevation to that which succeeded it •, it was concerned with a comparison of the contents of Revelation with the dictates of Reason • from 1750 onwards, the discussi on t urns upon the extern al " Evidences." The author illustrates his sub ject by ("miens extracts from all the writers of any duitinc tion on both sides of the Deistical controversy. His eon cluaion seems to be, that if the question at issue between the Deists and their opponents was not mistaken, the appa ratus employed for its solution was at least inadequate ; and that the chief service rendered to the muse of Christian tenth in the course of those controversies has been the abiding conviction of a failure on both aides in the use of the rationalistic method. 7. Mr. Jewett treats fully the subject of the Inteie tation of Scripture. He shows the impediment+ to a ht understanding o f it w hi c h arise from controversial habi ; from theories of inspiration and of prophecy from the practice of accommodation, whereby scripture histories are explained in conformity with creeds, and scripture precepts are merle to accord with modern standards of morality ; from the isolation of texts, in the search after scriptural proofs ; from the invention of allegorical, mystical, and other double senses ; from a confusion between the parts of the Bible and a misunderstanding of the relation between the Old Testament and the New; and from a harmonising principle carried to excess. Unless the difficulties which beset the interpretation of scripture are cleared away, Christianity must remain in a false position, and objections to erroneous methods of scri pt ura l explanation will continue to furnish objections against the religion of the Bible itself. Chris. tianity must he relieved from all appearance of disguiee or unfairness. The scripture, therefore, should be interpreted like any other book ; that is, the meaning should be ascer tained which it bore to the minds of the original authors. Hidden meanings should not be brought to it, but it should be interpreted from itself ; not as an indistinguishable man, but as a special literature, forming an organic whole, wherein a spiritual growth is to be recognised. Forms of thought which belong to the classical and modern periods should not be attributed to the writers of the Old or New Testament. ; and especially in the case of the latter, grammatical rules and canons of criti cism which are applicable to classical Greek are very liable to mislead. Numerous instances are given in illus. tration of these various positions. Moreover, the interpre tation of scripture is to be carefully distinguished from it, adaptation or application in controversy, in sermons, in writing, in public speaking, in colloquial use. ' , healed. applications of the words of scripture injuriously affect its interpretation • while a true interpretation will load toe sound practical appl ication of it. The author expresses a hope that the interpretation of the Bible may yet become ap. proximatively one—an unison which would have the weightiest effect, on theology and Christian life, male. rating controversies, enlarging charity, and improving mo Finally, truth is to be sought for it, own sake. efs Cont. OSBORNE. Tn, 28. The Queen, Prince Consort, and royal family, walked and drove in the grounds yesterday. Major- General the Hon. C. Grey has succeeded Loed Alfred Paget as Equerry in Waiting to her Majesty. A deputation, on the rethject of the Brivtol Channel IPUotage Bill, hail an interview with the Right lion. T. IfilastClibsow, an •1 the Right Hoa. W. Hutt, yesterday, at the elite of the Hoard od Tnule. A digieti;ti7nii;f;; i;t;;;;;; with the Right lion. C. P. Villiers. at the otfwe of the Poor Law Board, Whitehall, SIM& yesterday oe the subject of the bill relating to the removal Of 'cod Irish poor. 114. Artier R Mayor ot Birmingham, Mr. Alder men Maya, .rwine .. . Tinier, and the Town Clerk, 'as a deputation hem tie esepeentlen of that borough, bad an trier Wow with the Pbeadent and Vice-President of the lewd el Toile yeeturday, en the subject of the bill for between the London sad Nth li leuter es t il , great am 2=s, " sad Manchester, Sbeflield, Ind Li1101161•111m Railway Oteepanien DEATH OF THE DPI, OP RUTHERLAND. We have received a telegram from Trentham impounds( that Ide Orate the Duke of Sutherland died there last sight at 9.20. The dropped nobleman was ia the 76th year of hie age. Viscount and Visoountesi Combertnere ere expected to arrive in London, from Bath, on Meads, next The Hon. W. E. Dunoombe, M. P., sod Mn. Duocombs. have arrived at Wallace's Hotel, firkin:lt owner, from Yorkshire. Miss Colitis had an assembly last evening at het residence in Stnitton-atren. It in the evening Min Contra entertained at dieser the Earl Granville, the East Grey, Viscount sad Visecenteen Torrington, indy Char knit Donn, Sir Charier sad Lady Lyall, the Right Hon. Frederick Peel, M.P., and Yr. Peek Mr. Dane, Professor Wheatstone, Mr. Senior and Min Senior, Mrs. Browne, Mir Moan, L. Joseph Lay, ha. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office : PARIS, Pamir. The discussion of the project of address com menced yesterday in the Senate. The Marquis of Larochejaquelin and Count Hockeren spoke iu favour of the temporal power of the Pope. Senator Pietri, formerly Prefect of Police and the late Imperial Commissioner in Italy, in his speech, said :—" The temporal power of the Pope is lost. We must confine ourselves to the preservation of his spiritual power. We must consider the attitude of the reaction, which has again raised its head, and must determine our line of conduct. Italy has an army of 300,000 men, which she will place on our aide in the conflict with which we are threatened." THE SIEGE OF MESSINA. NAPLES, Fn. 27. The heights commanding the citadel of Messina have been occupied by the Sardinian troops. The representatives of the foreign powers have protested to the commander of the citadel of Mes sina against any damage being caused to the city. The Neapolitan Minister of War has notified that all foreign soldiers who may have belonged to the Bourbon army or been in the military service of the Pope, and who should join the reactionary bands in Southern Italy, will, if made prisoners, not be treated as soldiers, but will be punished with the greatest severity. HUNGARY. PESTH, Fla. 28. The Ban of Croatia has informed the Hungarian Chancellor that he has given orders for the transfer of the island of the Mur River to Hungary. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, PIA 23. The Levant Herald says : " The Porte intends a new issue of 100,000,000 of CALM . " A change in the ministry is expected. " Aali Paella, it is said, will be Grand Vizier ; and Achmed Vefik Effendi, Minister for Foreign Affairs." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nor 0171 OWN PARIS, THUIRDAY EvcmNc. The debate on the addreer; in the Senate com menced this afternoon. The occasion is a memor able one, it being the first time that any serious discussion has taken place in the senate-house since the promulgation of the new law which prescribes the publication of a full report of the proceedings. Prince Napoleon was present. MM. Baroche (Pre sident of the Council of State), Magne, and Billault (ministers without portfolios), de Parien (Vice-Pre sident of the Council of State), and Gen. Allard, MM. Boin'villiers, Vnillefroy, and Vuitry (Presi dents of sections of the Council of State), sat upon the official benches, ready to defend the govern ment against all comers. On the order of the day being called for the debate on the address : The Morgan; DE BOISMT observed that according to the standing orders the members of the oomrnittes upon any project immediately before the house ought to sit; together upon a separate bench. But M. Troplong, although a mem. beret the committee, was at that moment in the chair, and the question be wished to ask was whether, having regard to the rule referred to, he was eligible to preside over this discussion. For his own part he (the Marquis de Boiary) would wish to see M. Troplong remain in the chair, but as there was oo doubt that the debate would be vary animated, it was difficult to conceive that M. Troploag, being a mem ber of the committee, could with propriety remain where be was. IL Dora mid that precedents were entirely against the obisetion. Presidents of assemblies had in all time been members of committees, and it was never heard of that their right to occupy the chair had been contested on such • ground. Y. TSOPLONG said that was just the remark that bad occurred to him ; be, moreover, declined to accept the advice of the Marquis de Boiuy, and should consider only what was regular and proper. The Marquis de BOISOT was not conscious of having sinned against propriety. He repudiated the observation of the president, which he considered as offensive to the Senate at large, in the name of one of its members. (Marks of Signet.) The Parsioxtrr bogged M. de May to sit down. The Marquis de LAROCIMAISOILIN, after having ex pressed his satiafactios at the new situation of the Senate, in oonseqnence of the reforms of November 24, declared that he for one was desirous to say, respectfully, everything which his conscience dictated. But it was essential that they should be free to say whatever they thought. There ought to be as much liberty in the Senate as in a council of minister. The truth could never be factious in the mouth of a senator. The Emperor was to be megratulated on the liberty which he had restored to the great bodies of the State. Hitherto the press alone had raised its voice. The press arrogated to itself the right to dictate to opinion, and it was a sad thing to say that the revolutionary press talked the loudest, and it was aided ender a monarchical government by a semiofficial press which was in the hands of the administration. It was time that the soul of the nation should be rescued from these politicaloorruptors. It was timethattbe wicked should tremble and the good be rerasored. It was time that a factitious public opinion should be swept away by the voice of the political bodies of the state. There were never greater questions to be discussed than now ;—never were the . interest, of the country and religion itself in greater danger. He did justice to the conduct of the government, and to that of the land and sea forces in China and Syria ; but he could sot say as much in regard to the Italian question. On this subject public feeling had been so much falsified that it was necessary to speak out without disguise or reserve. This the address had not done, and for this reason be could not concur in it. [Left speaking.] There is no doubt that M. de Larochejaquelin will conclude by moving an amendment in favour of the Pope. The Opinion Nationale has reason to think, but " does not warrant the perfect accuracy of its information," that as many as 80 senators have concurred in an amendment. I think this must be a misprint for 30. The Opinion Nutiohale, while approving of the firmness and moderation of the government in the affair of the Bishop of Poitiers, observes that it is cherishing a great delusion if it supposes that measures against particular individuals will reduce the opposition of which Rome is the centre. "On ne ninon jamas les Romanis quo dens Rome." _ _ Let the Emperor withdraw hie trooPetrom Rome, and the French bishop. will give him no trouble. The Preaae observes, on the address of the Corps Legislatif, that although the style is firmer the ideas are just as vacillating as those in the whines of the Senate. There is, in fact, no idea in either the one or the other. They merely say to the Emperor, " Sire, all that you have done is well ; do whatever you please for the future." The settlement at the Bourse has turned out rather against the " bears." The &site rose 25c., both for cash and account, closing at 68fr. 10c. and GBfr. 15c. Mobilier rose 7fr. ISOc. In rail ways there was little change. The Caine Mires left off at yesterday's price, 100 fr. One of the famous white bulls from the Duke of Hamilton's park arrived safely at the garden of acclimation on Saturday, as a present from his grace to that interesting establishment I am sorry to hear that of the large flock of alpacas which excited my admiration last autumn only eve have survived the winter. It is not, however, the cold that kills them, but the want of congenial food. CONVOCATION OP THE PROVINCE OF CANTERBURY. Yesterday both houses assembled at Westminster for the despatch of badness. The Archbishop of CANTERBURY presided in the Upper House, and there were present the Bishops of London, St. Amish, Lleadaff, Gloomier and Bristol, Salisbury, Nor wich, Lincoln, Oxford, and St. Devitt's. A lengthened dissuasion took place on "Essays sod Reviews," introduced by the Bishop of Oxford, who pre. minted a petition, praying the bishops not to separate with. out taking legal and judicial notice of the book. 'The Bishop of SALISBURY referred to his position in having three of the ems sod reviewers in his diocese, and said he bad •pplied for legal advice how to deal with them, but had not yet received it. The Bishop of LONDON presented a petition to the same effect, signed by the Hon. Colin Lindsay on behalf of the English Church Union. He was not in the position of the Bishop of Salisbury, of having any of the clergy wh o h a d written the " Essa ys and Reviews" in his dioone, but he was in the position of being the intimate personal friend of two of those clergymen whose names appeared in the volume. He would with tai say with regard to both of thenithat from the personal friendship and the intercourse he had had with them during the last 20 years, he entertained for them the very liveliest regard, and in proportion as that regard awl affection were strong the more he desired that an opportn. nity should he afforded to him of doing what he trusted they would do, which was to make • declaration which would be satisfactory to the church and to the country that they were not respire/able for every word that occurred in that unfortunate volume. He rejoiced that through cirmun. stances over which they bad no control, it would be impose Bible for the archbishops and bishops generally to meet for some time to come to consider this subject, because he most anxiously desired that that time should be employed by the gentlemen who had taken part in con this book in endeavouring to vindicate themes yes ore the country in the only way they could vindicate themselves namely by an expression of their posi. tive belief in the truths to which their book was not unnaturally supposed to be antagonistic. How some of these gentlemen would be able to do this he could not say. He should very much doubt the possibility of their being able to do so. 'With regard to others he thought there would be no such difficulty, and he hoped that the time which must elapse before the bishops met to take their book into consideration would be used by them in endeavouring to place themselves in a better position before the public. He held in his hand • pamphlet which he had received that morning—sent t 3 him he knew not by whom—printed at Oxford. It consisted of a series of extracts from the writings of the Rev. Benjamin Jewett, Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford (the writer of one of the essays). He had not had time to examine the book, but it contained these words in the preface :—" It is thought that the following extracts will suffice to show whether the spirit which breathes through these pages is likely to destroy or confirm the faith of the rising generation ; whether it is the spirit of an enemy of Christ, or of one who is amongst His faithful followers, whether it is a spirit at variance or in unity with the beat teaching of the Prayer.book and the highest interests of the church of England. It la believed, moreover, that, in dependently of any temporary agitation, such a collection of paassges will (even with those who may not entirely agree with them) be generally useful for the purposes of Christian edifitetson, es helps to a careful and ruvereot study of the Bible, and is testimonies to its divine excellence and antbo. rity." Hs (the bishop), and every true member of the church of England, would rejoice if it could be shown that this was the true character of the extracts that could be derived from that honk. At all events, it might be taken as an in. dication that those who had seen most of the writer be lieved it to be a true statement as to his personal belief. lie would particularly dwell upon the words of the ex; tract, "whether it is the spirit of an enemy of Christ." lie must say he bad been pained and ashamed of those who had indulged in the miserable joke that those who had written the essays were the "Septem contra Christum." It was totally unsuited fur the occasion, and unworthy of any serous person who wan dealing with the character's of his brother clergy. He presumed that that was the which wee alluded tom the quotation he had read. let s ; spoken of one of the authors and of the book placed in his hands in reference to him. Of another lie would spelt more confidently, and ho most sincerely trusted that the interval which would elapse between the present time and the further consideration of the subject weedd enable Dr. Temple, the amiable head-master of Rugby School, to make a public declaration of what be (the bishop) could have no doubt was his private feeling, namely, that he is deeply pained by many passages whi& occur in the volume with which hisname was unfortunately associated. As he had said before, he had known that writer for many years in the intimacy of private friendship. He believed that the essay in the volume which bore his name was preached as a sermon from the pulpit of St. Mary's, Oxford. He very much disliked the views ex. pressed in that essay, but the essay was totally different in his estimation from other passages which occurred in that volume, and he could not understand by what motive the author should be restrained from declaring publicly that he does not approve of other things in that most unfortunate volume. Further, it was his belief that even those of the writers who were moat to be condemned, whose statements were moat objectionable, would fare better in the tion of the public if they stood entirely by themselves. The book bad now gone through a great many editions. He could not understand the principle upon which those gen tlemen acted, for it was obvious thet they were understood to speak with the authority of copertoery, while they did not wish it to be so understood ; he did not understand why they did not distinctly in their preface state that they die. approved of much they found in well other's writings. He thought that the effect produced by this book, taken as a whole, was far worse than could possibly be produced if the seveu portions of which it consisted were seven separate hook.. As a matter of propriety, lie thought it was still more incumbent upon thous who had written the most oh: jectionahle treatises to come forward and say that they da not want to be associated with the more valuable mune% than j was upon the authors of the least objectionable essay, to say that they were not responsible for the others. The Bishop of Sr. Leviers, referring to the Bishop of London's remarks, said it would not be enough for any of the essayists to say anew that they were not responsible foe one another's writings. They must my positively that there were things in the book which they condemned, and point out what they were. The Bishop of OXFORD intimated that the Bishop of Lon don had been influenced by his personal regent for some of the writers in the judgment he had expressed. But truth of doctrine was dearer than personal affection. Nothing but an entire retractseion on the part of the writers of the &says and Reviews would satisfy the church. The Bishop of LONDON said he regretted the tone of what the Bishop of Oxford had said very deeply, because it seemed to make it very difficult for those gentlemen to do what it was their bounden duty to do, and what he felt confident the church would be very glad indeed that they should do. At the same time he agreed with the Bishop of St. David's that they should have done it before. The Bishop of St. AMAMI Raid that no declaration of truth could undo a declaration of error. The tempi end reviews indicated throughout an irreligious and scoffing tone, an though the writers wished to unsettle the belief of everybody. The Bidlops of Lincoln, Idandaff, Gloucester and Bristol. and Norwich also thought that no simple declaration on the part of the writers would be sufficient The Archbishop of CANTERBURY Kohl that after what had been said, and after the expression of opinion on the part of the bishops in the document they had all signed, there could be no question as to what were their eseliugs on the subject. Their only doubt would be in what way they should attempt to avert the dangerous consequences. The bishops thought, when they took the unusual course of giving their opinions on three swam it MS doubtful what power they might have to same their cone damnation. It was doubtful, also, what would be the effect of any formal condemnation of them by Convocation. Other !manures had beau pointed out, a nd which were still under the gravest attention of the bishops. As the Upper House of Convocation, they were not now quite at liberty to take action upon this subject. The bishops had fixed • day next month when they would meet the bishops of the northern province, and on that occarion they hoped to be able to decide in what manner the eerie s could be legally dealt with. The pub li c would ga th er 'from this that the bishops of the church of England were by no means in• sensible to the gravity of the occasion, and that they wished to meet it by the best means in their power. After the transaction of some other business the hone@ adjourned. The Lower House was occupied with the consideration of the 29th Canon. the unl 1 Psi the no tio IDA Pa MI