The Express. — London, England, 1861-02-07 00:00:00

HARMONIUMS -N 1W 111101)11..- CRAMER. SULK is 10•„ Dl. Illegsse-dgest. eye erprelis. rl) .RIMPONDY—VTS. liewelssessats loieodal fur The "sprees" Londoa Reveles Paper, the wise bs at of the ofild. 10, Bouverlestreet, by Two Weirton dap palAkweios. HATMAIJLIT. TIM IMMO, Tll6 RIVALS. Mown. J Brangham, Howe, ass and Neckties@ : Ylr F. IStirltog.—A q Y.L:s LA 1111 W AND HUI CHILDREN : or, Harlequin and • W.use es VIAL ileac.* The LerJorcya, M 7. Wright, Was L Werkea. Tm Itrainn. RI'Y ELM. Yemen Feebler, EMI rntter, and Harris. Mu Heath —AM the pantomime, embed ItoltlNsON CBI, . or. Harlegala Friday. and TM Kb* of tM Carribbee lolanda. Mom. lalenoas & MOM. M. Duzelktre, Yr. A. Forest. JAMIL3II. TRI3 Errosa. MY WIPE'S JOURNAL—THI ISLE OP ST. TR4PI2 Me*.r. A Wigan aad Emery; Mrs Barka'Chain White. —And ENDV Ml') Mama. C. Yintag and Dithanre Mimes St. Carve. Utrbert h aud aomer.—Cammitata at kat-pari T. BRITANNIA. Tata Vlrtnnon. TIIF. PRINCII AND TIE OOZE. Mews. Pitt. Parry. Jean Lou),. Rohy. mad Near; 314111 e 1•. Stephan. Mir A I/wanton. Mrs. W. enstaelLe-And A I.IIPinAOK YRI)It INN IZA. Yeas. iterme/As sod fin: Mn. Varnuld. MOH WAITE, AT (LONDON BRIDGE. The DAT —3l.gmlag et. La.... Afternoon, OIL 31111. TontentauW—Xorning, Afternoon, lb. AIL LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 7. IT will be seen by our telegram from Berlin that the Prussian Chamber of Deputies has just passed a resolution of great European importance. On the motion of Baron VINCSE, after a six hours' debate, and notwithstanding the opposition of the Ministry, a majority of the Prussian Deputies have formally declared " that it is neither for the in. " Wrest of Prussia or Germany to place obstacles "in the way of the Unity of Italy. " This reso lution was carried as an amendment to the Ad dress, by 159 to 146 votes. We cannot record this fact without expressing our fervent wishes, as Englishmen, that a nation able thus to rise above ancient prejudices, and show itself magnanimous may be rewarded in the increase of its own freedom and greatness. Tun further correspondence on the affair; of Italy, laid before parliament on Tuesday evening, is now issued to the public. The greater portion of it relates to Garibaldi's expedition, and the pro gress of 'Algal in the kingdom of the Twu Sicilia', the invasion of Umbria and the Marches, the risks of an attack on Venetia, the continued occupation of Rome, the intervention of Gaeta, and the light in which those fact+ were regarded by the English government, and incidentally by those of other courts of Europe. With respect to Naples, we find that her Ma jesty's government, so far from purloin's( before all things the project of Italian unity as alleged by Mr. Disraeli, *bile throughout following its avowed policy of non-intervention, has discon raged all enterprises calculated to disturb the pence of Europe, even those which at a later date it recognised in their effects. Ou the 22nd of May, a fortnight after the sailing of the expe dition to Marsala, Lord John Russell wrote to Sir J. Hudson asking him to obtain from Count Cavonr a promise nut to commit any aggression against the kingdoiu of the Two Siciliee, and adding that " so lung as the Pope's forces du not invade Familia or Tuscany, Sardinia is bound to maintain • defensive attitude." At this date it was apprehended that Sardinia was about to purchase the acquiescence of France in an exten sion of her dominion by ceseion of territory in the Mediterranean ; the opinions just mentioned were given in connexion with that probability, and Count Cavour was asked to bind his govern ment not to yield any territory to France beyond that given away by the treaty of Turin. In the same month Lord John Russell endeavoured in a similar manner to bind the Piedmontese govern ment to keep the peace towards Austria, and in structed Sir J. liaison to invite Count Cavour to promise that no attack should be made on Venice. The despatch in which this request was made is dated May 26, three months before the date of the much-quoted despatch to the same effect first published in the Coluyne Gmette. The desire of her Majesty's government "to preserve the peace of Europe and prevent new dangers to the balance of power" are the reasons or the grounds assigned fur the activity of England in these matters. When the free action of Garibaldi and hie fol lowers had changed the state of things in Sicily, the English government showed itself prepared to take a candid view of the situation of the Sardi nian government. Still in a despatch dated July 25, Lord John Russell stated to Sir J. Hudson the conviction that Italy would be stronger under two sovereigns than under one crown, and enjoined that minister to press on the Sardinian government the obligation it was under to discountenance expeditions directed to the over throw of the Neapolitan throne. In all these de spatches the expediency of leaving the people to settle their own accounts with their sovereigns without external interference is repeatedly asserted. At the same time our government was firmly resolved to listeu to no proposals tending to any line of action, such as the use of force, which would have made England responsible for the course of events. Such proposals were made. On the 25th of July a despatch (rem M. Thouvenel informed our govern ment that France saw danger in the events taking place in Southern Italy ; Garibaldi, master of Si- ' oily, was exp-ved to make a descent on the main land ; alarm feigned at Naples, and already a flight to Gaeta was meditated. " Would France and En4lamtl"—thie was M. Thonvenel's ques tion—" statist by without doing anything to modify the course of events which threatened the severest blow to the European equilibrium ; would they suffer • country with which they maintained the usual relations to be invaded by an army composed of revolutionary elements and of foreigners ; •od would they allow outrage to interfere with the con stitutional experiment to which the Kiug Francis 11. had SO loyally submitted 1" The answer to this important inquiry was that Nee Majesty's government were of opinion that so MSS had been made owl far a departure on their part from their general principle of soo•ialerrention. That the levee et Garibaldi was not as Heal! safficieet to overthrow the Nee pobtaa mosertey. If the navy, *nay, and people at Naples were attached to the King. Oaribuldi would be delisted ; if oe the contrary, they were dimmed le webs= Garibaldi, our iaterference would be as leierveelleti Is the internal affoin of the Neapolitan kingdom. That if Irsoos sad Eog• loud should ot Garibaldi, and a esester•rovolution should t.hs place, we .Iwald render ourselves respensible for the eras that aright rogue. If Fmece obese to ielerforo aloes, we shook, nter.ly dmapprove bar eaerse, and protest agglasi It. In our (cameo the Neapolitans eight le be the weelese either .7 ru l e rs u, I 9 'naive Garibaldi. The extrvme awl periaap Izotbid '1 English government to avert as Italian attack as Venetia appear* awl reappears continually throughout these despatches'. On the 21.1 of August Lord J. Ittimell, writing to It Fwe , says " her Majesty's governmeat would discourage as u.surrr aM UPHOLSTERY FURNITURE ot the hat guati.-31. U. mum s. W ft. OIPUIUMMULST. duo I. the PrMesas Mean. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 7, 1861. much as possible any such aggressive tendency, and would use all their influence at Paris to dissuade the Emperor of the French from assisting Sardinia in an aggressive war against Austria. More than this her Majesty's government cannot engage to do. They are persuaded that Austria is more than a match for Italy single-handed ;" and writing to Lord Cowley on the MMe subject, on the 7th of Septem ber, he said still more decisively : Her Majesty's government would hold each a war (i. r. an attack on Venetia) to be utterly unjustifiable. They would then leave the King of Sardinia t 3 reap the fruit of his bad faith and of his folly. They would not dispute with Austria the results of that war, should those results cm brace the re-cooquest of Lombardy. The position of France, it must be owned, is different It is for this imam incumbent upon the French govern. ment to speak in the plainest language both to Austria and to Sardinia. In our opinion the French government should inform Austria whether a temporary occupation of Lom bardy, with a promise that it should be only temporary, would, in the opinion of Francs, give France a Mitt be& against Austria. On the other hand, it should be clearly explained to Sar dinia that the restoration of the Pope at Bologna and of the Grand Duke at Florence, together with the requi sition by Austria of a large indemnity for the expenses of the war, would not bring on the active interposition of France. The prospect of losing Tuscany and the Lepaions io addition to Savoy and Nice, and of being burdened with a large debt to pay for the armaments .4 Austria as well as for those of Sardinia herself, may well deter Count Cs your, or the most adventurous of his sueemems in the mi. entry, from undertaking a new war. Great Britain will at any time he ready to use her influence to preserve peace in Europe. She does not expect that Austria, after being made sensible of the evils attending her Italian policy, will renew her former errors, and impoverish herself for the sake of ascendancy in the Peninsula. On the other hand, if the King of &Minks is prepared to forfeit his word, and seek to involve Europe in war, on his head be the consequences of a policy alike inconsistent with wisdom and with honour. About this date Mr. Elliot, our minister at Naples, wrote a despatch, which will be very grati fying to those warm but mistaken friends of Italy who lately attacked him in our columns as favour able to the Bourbon cause. In a very able memo randum, written in August, Mr. Elliot showed that it was on all accounts, but especially in the interests of Italian liberty and the general tranquil lity of Europe, desirable that the King of Sardinia, overcoming the objections sure to be made to such a course, should immediately establish his authority iu Naples. A conversation between Lord Cowley and M. Thouvenel, reported to Lord John Russell by the former, discloses au interesting divergence between French and English views of Italian affairs. M. Thouvenel remarked that her Majesty's go vernment appeared to think that Garibaldi's expe dition to the Neapolitan dominions was not to be considered as foreign intervention. For his part, he douhted whether the occupation by a Sardinian army of other Italian States was not, strictly speak ing, foreign intervention. When lie had subscribed to the principle that there should be no foreign intervention in Italy, he had intended no more than that each country should be allowed to settle its own affairs within its own limits, but the ques tion became entirely changed when territorial limits were disregarded, and the unity of Italy was the object sought for. Local Cowley observed that M. Thouveuel had not announced this doctrine until very lately. He had seen the Duchies and the Romagna annexed to Sardinia without questioning the right of the populations to place themselves under Victor Emmanuel. He had seen Sicily throw off the sovereignty of the House of Bourbon under precisely the same conditions as were sow in the course of repetition on the Neapolitan territory of the mainland. Either he was wrong in the first instance, and must take the consequences of the fault which he had committed, or he was right, and should follow up his policy with con sistency, but in no case could he, with justice, apply one principle to certain parts of Italy, and another principle to the remaining parts. M. Thouvenel said that France neither justified nor acknowledged the annexation of Tuscany to the Sardinian crown, but he argued that the cases which Lord Cowl." , had mentioned were altogether different, the Sovereigns having themselves aban doned their territories ; but so, our minister re joined, had the King of Naples, to all intents and purposes, while between the position of the Legations and the Marches there was not a shadow of difference. There is an interesting account at page 68 of an Interview between Garibaldi, Mr. Elliot, and Admiral Mundy, in which Garibaldi rejected with much warmth the advice given him respecting Venetia by our minister, in conformity with the known policy of his government : General Garibaldi said be intended to push on at once to Rome, and when that city shall be in his hands to offer the crown of au united Italy to King Victor Emmanuel, upon whom will then devolve the task of the liberation of Venetia, and in which he would himself be but the !leak smut of his Majesty. If this liberation could be accom plished by purchase or negotiation, so much the better ; but if Austria would not voluntarily abandon the kingdom, it must be wrenched from her by the sword ; and he was con fident, in the present humour of the Italian people, that the King could not decline the undertaking without the sacrifice of his whole position and popularity. He added, that he was sure that your lordship, in coun selling the abandonment of Venetia, did not fairly repre- Nat the generous feelings which animated the booeds of her Majesty's subjects towards the Italian nation, although be cheerfully recognised the obligations Italy area under to her Majesty's government for the sympathies they had exhibited. I said that it was from no want of sympathy that your lordship trusted that Venice would not be attacked, but, on the contrary, because you believed that such a step would be fatal to the best interests of Italy : sad I reminded him that in • former war, when, after a glorious campaign which had put her in possession of the kingdom of Lombardy, Sardinia had chosen, against the disinterested 'dries al her friends, to risk another effort, the result had been the lose of all her conquest; and to rivet the Austin chains more firmly than ever upon the rest of Italy. I told him also not to deceive himself with regard to the feelings of the English nation, for that, although for the present undoubtedly almost to • man in favour of his efforts. that sentiment would quickly change if they see him pushing matters so far as to be calculated to bring on an European war. He add he did not believe in an attack on Venice being likely to be attended with any such result ; that the empire of Austria was rotten at the core, and ready to crumble to pieces ; that he had numerous Hungarians about him, and Orono them he knew that Hungary was ready to tin at • word, sad that this time Austria could tot even went tepee the Croatians to stead by her. " A us t r i a ," he said, ' that old ally of England, is falling to pieces, bat Italy is riming from the ruins, and then Great Britain will find an other son ally, naturally drawn towards her, both by her sympathies and her listener." A despatch of September 21, to Mr. Fane, makes known the light in which the occupation of Umbria and the Marches was regarded by the English government after its accomplishment. Lord John Russell writes : In the cosine of our conversation the, day, Count Wimpfea reed to me a circular despatch of Count Rechberg condemn• tag the invasion of the Papal States by the Sardinian army is the mat nomesetwed totem I told htm that i LA • view of that proceeding totally differing from that of Count Banishers. I did not eater into the original justice of the aim set up by Victor Emmanuel t be the chief and the champion of Italy. But having undertaken that task, I thought he was leveed by aeceseity not to allow the fragment' of the Indies kingdoms to be scrambled for by the followers ofOsribildi and the foreign mercenaries of the Pope. It was the business of the Kind to command and re. gulate the morement ; to put down anarchy by forte ; and to substitute orderly government for the oppression which curbed and the insurrection which convulsed the Italian provinces. The last hope for Italy lay in the success of the Mug of Sardinia. The celebrated despatch of Oct. 27, in which Lord John Russell reviews the proceedings of the King of Sardinia, and vindicates them against the censures of the absolutist courts of Europe, of course has a place here, and harmonisea with the whole course of the Italian policy of the government, which, while deprecating rash enterprises, accepts and approves results favourable to the liberty and independence of Italy. A curious document is covered by a despatch to Lord Cowley. It is a note addressed to Austria on the limits within which she should rely on treaty right fur the maintenance of her territorial posses. skint, and was written at Coburg when Lord John Russell was there, last year, with the Queen. After speaking of the improbability of any at tack by Sardinia for the recovery of Venetia to Italy, the Foreign Secretary writes : This respite should be employed by Austria in revising her whole system in regard to her Italian subjects. The Austrian government have hitherto seemed to think that they could get rid of a truth by concealing or overlooking it. They should now look the real state of affairs boldly in the face. if they do so they will perceive that, where • treaty is confirmed by national feeling and opinion, it is easily upheld and maintained ; but where it has no such media', it is like a decayed tree, that only waits for • gust of wind to be overthrown. Thus, the treaty of 1815, which (secures the independence of Switzerland, is confirmed by the attachment of the Swiss people 'to their liberty and the integrity of their territory. Thus the treaty of 1831, respecting Belgium, is strengthened and sanctioned by the attachment of the people of Belgium to their nationality, their King, and their institutions. It may be disagreeable to _Austrian statesmen to remark the contrast which these facts present to the state of Italy, but the lesson is • useful one. The authority of the l'ope, that of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and lastly, that of the King of Naples, having no root in the affections of their subjects, have fallen before the first blast. It is worth while for the Austrian government to reflect on the position of Genoa and Venice. In 1.15 one of those cities wus given to Sardinia, the other to Austria ; but while the annexation of Venioe to Austria encountered little opposition, either from within or from without, that of Genoa to Sardinia was strongly opposed. The ancient independence of the Genoese Re. public, the principles of public law, the violent antipathy witting between Genoese and Piedmoutase, were urged in Liguria, and invoked in the British parliament as coaelnsive reasons against this union. But at the end of forty-five years what do we find The dominion of Austria in Yee I netia is precarious and unpopular, while the union of Genoa and Turin is cemented and confirmed. If we look for the reason of this instructive example, we shall fiod that, whilst the Austrian government has done everything to depress, to irritate, and to humble the national feeling, the Piedmontese government, on the other hand, has done everything to cherish, to flatter, and to exalt it. In October, when the siege of Gaeta appeared likely to place King Francis in danger, the British government sent the Renown to that port to offer a refuge for his Majesty. General Garibaldi's disinterestedness in the government of Naples is attested in a striking manner in a short note from Mr. Elliot, dated Nov. 9. He states that Garibaldi had left, carrying with bim the respect even of those most opposed to his enterprise, and adds : After several months of the exercise of absolute dictator ship over Sicily and Naples, he is known to have been forced to borrow a few pounds to defray some trifling debts, and refusing all honours and emoluments from his sove reign, he has retired to his island, where he lives n a style but one degree above that of an ordi nary peasant. A general opinion prevails that he his not received at the Lands of King Victor Em manuel the consideration that his great services seemed to entitle him to, and this is said to have caused serious dissatisfaction among some classes of the population of Naples. I understand, however, that his Majesty has expressed his sense of his service; in the most handsome language, sad would willingly have conferred upon him the highest honours in the gift of the crown ; but nevertheless his ministers and advisers cannot be entirely acquitted of a want of consideration or generosity, and there is no doubt that, after having bestowed two kingdoms upon his Sove. reign, General Garibaldi's last days at Naples have been em balmed by the sense of neglect and of ingratitude. The last document which we shall notice is as important as any in the series, relating to a scheme full of danger to the liberties and independence of states. It is a despatch from Lonl John Russell to Lord Cowley, and was called forth by the appearance of the French pamphlet, " Francis Joseph and Europe." After remarking that "in these days pamphlets are events," Lord John Russell says : But towards the end of the pamphlet is a suggestion which was partially hinted at last year in regard to Italy, and which may, one day or other, be brought forward as • serious proposition. The suggestion is that a new species of holy alliance should be formed ; that an Areopegus should decide en all European questions ; that all classes should have the benefit of the enlightened views of this very learned and benevolent body. It is nut difficult to discover, amidst the covert phrases of this proposal, an old enemy of European independence. A council which should pretend to represent all nations, and embrace all interests, would soon become the centre of intrigue, and the organ of the boldest and most unscrupulous of the pre vailing powers. Its decrees would be aimed against all diversity of institutions and all liberty of thought; the ancient safeguards of order and of freedom would be de nounced as barbarous and feudal ; the expression of indi vidual thought would be condemned as a disturbance of the general peace and tranquillity. Fortunately for Europe the tendencies of the year passing away have been in an opposite direction. In Switzerland, in Belgium, in Prussia, and in Spain, the attachment to na tional landmarks has been unequivocally and loudly expressed. In Italy, also, however divided the people of different states may have been, there has been displayed • vehement desire for independence of foreign domination. You are too well informed not to know that the flatland independence of the rtates of Europe has been for three centuries, excepting, perhaps, during the reigns of Charles 11. and James 11., the object of the policy of Great Britain. The nationality of Holland, of Portugal, of Spain, of Germany, of Greece, of Belgium, have been at various times upheld by the influence of England, sad sometimes supported by her arm,. From this inde. pendence of Europe have Sowed immunity from foreign conquest, attachment to their own institutions, the culti vation of the language and literature of each nation, and that general security, which have contributed so much to wealth, to knowledge, and to freedom. It would be a great misfortune to exchange this system for a central control To imagine that international disputes would thereby be avoided is a fatal error. But the weak states, having no longer a combination or coalition of powers to look to for support, would fall before the strong, and under the names of Switzerland., of Spain, of Italy, of Holland, or of Belgium, would be in fact the mere deperalcncies of some one or two great states. Ma. Bum= Foams.—lt wax announced in last week's Athos. , u that ?dr. Birket Foster, the well.known member of the Water-colour Society, died at his residence, C'arltuts-hill East, St. John's-wood. We are desired to state that this is an error, and that it was Mr. Myles Birket Foster, of Carlton-bill (the father of the artist), whose death should have been announced instead. BANK. FAILURE AT POOLE.—This town was thrown into s data of gloat excitement on Monday last. consequent on the suspension of buslnele of Wend and Bons, whose bank has for many years been moot wideif known, end in the management and safety of which the most implicit confidence has been pla ce d. L i p to Tuesday evening no statement or explanation of any kind had been !awned from the bank, and rumour was busy as to the came of suspension, and the probable result to the us. fortunate depositors and holders of notes. It is currently reported and believed that the recent failure of a large mer motile firm in the town, with whom it is supposed the bank had extensive dealings, is the primary cause of the suspension. The town is in a state of great consternation, many of the tradesmen having the whole of their floating capital in the bank, and a cematusieation to the creditors as to the state of affairs is most anxiously looked for. --Aft borne /owns/. Vbe Court. The Queen will receive addresses upon the throne from both Houses of Parliament, at Buckingham Palace, this day, the ith inst., at three o'clock. The Queen, accompanied by the Princesses Alice sod Saari" and attended by the Hon. Caroline Cavendish, took a drive in an open carriage and four yesterday after noon. Lord Alfred Paget attended on horseback. The Prince Consort presided yesterday morning at a meeting of.the Governors of the Wellington College. His royal highness arrived at the New Palace of Westminster attended by Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. D. de Ros. There were also present the Earl of Derby, the Marquis of Latuidowne, the Earl of Ellenborougb, Viscount Gough, the Right Hon. S. H. Walpole, Sir James Hogg, Bart., Mr. Cox, the Rev. G. R. Gleig, the honorary secretary, Colonel the lion. W. P. Talbot, and the secretary, G. Chance, E.q. The head master, the Rev. 4. W. Benson, was in attend. ance, seals° Mr. Scott. The Prince Consort rode on horseback in the afternoon, addended by his Equerry in Waiting. Her Majesty's dinner party in the evening included the Princess Alice, the Earl of St. Germans, the Earl and Countess of Clarendon and Lady Constance Villiers, Lord and Lady Napier, Right Hon. C. and Mrs. Cardwell, and Sir William Dunbar. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. The ministers present were Vis count Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, Sir G. Cornewall Lewis, Loot John Russell the Duke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. Lord Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, Lord Stanley of Alderley, Sir George Grey, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell. The trustees for the International Exhibition of 1802 met yesterday at the Council-office. Present, Fart Granville, Mr. T. Baring, M.P., cud Mr. C. W. Dilke. Despatches ware received yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governors of the North American provinces. Despatches were sent to the Governor of Canada. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-(THIS DAY.) This afternoon at 2 o'clock the Speaker took the chair, and at 20 minutes past 2 proceeded in state to Buck ingham Palace, accompanied by the members, to present the xddress to her Majesty. His Excellency the Belgian Minister and Madame Van de Weyer and family arrived in Portland-place, on 'Pleteday evening, from New Lodge, Windsor Forest, for the season. The Marehianesa de Chateaureuartl was safely delivered of twills (daughters) on Tuesday evening, at her resideoee in Wiltonerscent. Her ladyship and infants are progressing favourably. Viscounteas Palmerston will have assemblies on Saturdays, the 9th and IGthinst., at Cambridge House. . _ Viscouut Uffington left town yesterday for Adslowa Park, Barks, for a few days. Lord and Lady John Rumen entertained at din ner last evening, at their residence in Cbe3ham•phace, the Earl of llalkeith, the Countess of Newburgh, Lord Stanley, M.P., Mr. Montagu Villiers, Mr. George Elliot, Mr. W. Peel, &c. Sir George C. and Lady Theresa Lewis enter tained at dinner last evening, at Kent Home, the Earl Granville, Lord and Lady Stanley of Ahlerley and the Hon. Miss Stanley, the Right Hop. Sir Charles Wood, Baron Marochetti, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, General Eber, Mr. Delano, Miss Lister, &c. Sir James Graham has arrived at his residence in Grosvenor-place, from Netberby, Carlisle. Sir Augustus Clifford, on the occasion of the opening of parliament, officiated u Lord Great Chamber lain. The Cond..) de Paris, the Doe de Chartres, and Duke Philip of Wirtemberg, oocupied the seat of the black rod, and utter the ceremony honoured Sir Augustus by taking luncheon with a select party, at his apartments in West- Waster Palace. Sir Benjamin Brodie and Lady Brodie have arrived at the Queen'. Hotel, tipper Norwood. Yesterday the marriage of Mr. E. R. Finch, on of Mr. Chow and lady Louisa Finch, with Mime Balfour, eldest daughter of Mr. and Lady Georgians Balfour, was solemnised at fit. Peter's Church, FAtou-square. • The subject of Professor Owen's third lecture at the Royal Institution on Tuesday was the cranium of fishes. Messrs. R. Morrison and Co., of Ousburn, New ceetle-on•Tvne, cut on Saturday an enormous anvil block, weighing upwards of 34 tons, fur the Elswick Ordnance Works. The melting of the metal occupied five hours, and the immense mass will take three weeks to cool, when it will be removed to its bed at Elswick. An edict, comprising 29 articles, for the regula tion of the carnival now about to commence, has been issued at Rome by Monsignore Matteueci, director-general of police, and was published in the Official Journal of the let. During seven days the usual horse-racing will take place, and the use of fancy dresses will be permitted, but no mask,. Very minute directions are given as to the sort of comfits it will be allowed to throw. The absence of masks will deprive the carnival of half its fun. On the other hand the Romans are not in a very merrymaking mood, and they feel the necessity of caution and reserve at the present moment. It appears that upwards of half the deputies elected to the Italian parliament hare been furnished by the great eapitale—Turin, Genoa, Florence, Bologna, Milan, Naples, Modena, Parma, and Palermo. CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO CHINESE APPAIRS. Thin morning a blue-book of 280 pages, contain ing correspondence respecting recent events in China, was issued from the parliamentary printing office. The more important of these documents have been published from time to time in the Gazette. The following despatch of Lord John Russell to the Earl of Elgin, dated the 16th ult., is, however, new : " Foreign-office, January 16, 1861. "My Lord,—l have received and laid before the Queen your excellency's despatches to that of the 17th of Novem ber inclusive, reporting your proceedings at Pekin subse quently to the restoration of peace ; and I am to acquaint you that her Majesty entirely appruveedof your conduct u explained in those despatches. "Her Majesty's government trust that the personal in tercourse which you have bad with the Prince Run will have a salutary effect on the future relations between this country and China ; and they greatly commend the measures which you took on introducing Mr. Bruce to the prince, to irnprees the prince with a due sense of the important functions which that gentleman will henceforth have to die charge in China. " The publication of the treaty and convention, in the formal manner described by your excellency, was a well devised measure to insure the real state of the case being generally known by the population of Pekin, so that no question may hereafter arise as to the circumstances wider which those engagements were concluded, or as to the na ture of the obligations contracted by the Emperor of China. " Her Majesty's government further consider that you rightly advised Mr. Bruce to defer fixing his residence at Pekin until the spring; but there is no reason why a British ambassador should not reside in the Chinese capital as free from molestation, and in the enjoyment of the same honour, privileges, and facilitie., as an ambassador of the Emperor of Russia ; and while her Majesty's government do not an ticipate that any inconvenience will result from the tem porary delay in the establishment of the British mission within the walla of Pekin, neither do they apprehend that when the season arrives for Mr. Bruce's residence in the 1 1 capital he will be subject to any hindrance on the part of I the Chinese authorities. glad to take this opportunity to instruct your excel lency f e , eat i c . 7 to Kr, Wade, to Mr. Parkas, ►od to all the gentlemen, whether belonging to your own immediate estab lishment or to those under the supervision of Yr. Bruce, whets talents and exertions have been called into action during the late e% cuts in China, her Majesty's government's entire approval of their conduct in the several otpseities in which your excellency has seen occasion to employ them, and their hearty acknowledgment of the zealous and able meaner . . in which they appear uniformly to have executed your ezoellency's instruction% regardless of any danger or incon venience to which, in doing so, they might he exposed. —I em, kc., (Signed) "J. &Imam." LATEST INTELLIGENCE. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Renter's office : FRANCE. PARIS, TIMSDAT The Moniteur of to-day says :—" The treaty for the cession of Mentone and Roquebrune to France was signed on the 2nd February with the Prince of Monaco." THE SIEGE OF GAETA. TURIN, Fs& 6, EVIDMIG. The firing at Gaeta is moderate on both sides. The day before yesterday the Sardinian batteries blew up two of the enemy's powder magazines, and destroyed a portion of the curtain between the citadel and the St. Antonio bastion. ITALY. MURDER COMMITTED BY BOUBBONISTS. One of the most atrocious political crimes on record, is announced by the Opinion/ of Turin of the 4th instant. On the 27th of January last, while the elections were going on at Mirto, a com mune of Naso, in the province of Messina, a party of Bourbonist partisans forced their way into the hall where the votes were being received, and in cold blood butchered the President of the Electoral College and his sons, who were present. The na tional guard and carabineers arrived too late to pre vent the tragedy, but set out immediately in pur suit of the assassins. It is not yet known whether they have been captured. PRUSSIA AND ITALY. BERLIN, WZDMDAY. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies the discussion of the address took place. The fol lowing amendment was proposed by M. von Vincke : "That we do not consider it to be either in the interest of Prussia or in the interest of Germany to place obstacles in the way of the consolidation of the unity of Italy." After a discussion of six hours' duration this amendment was agreed to by 159 against 146 votes, notwithstanding the urgent request of Baron von Schleinitz that it should be rejected by the Chamber. BERLIN, WEDNESDAY, F. 6. Baron von Schloinitz, in his speech against the amendment of M. von Vincke, declared that the Prussian government had not the least reason to be opposed to the development of Italy. But without underrating the national idea of that move ment, the government could not attribute to it such a high significance. Although the govern ment did not always consider the principle of non intervention as binding, it had not actively inter fered in Italy. He repudiated the reproach of yielding to certain influences in his policy, and said that Venetia was militarily and strategetically too important for Austria, and indi rectly for Germany, to allow of its cession being advised by Prussia. Austria and Sardinia, how ever, would remain on the defensive, and, through the influence of all the great Powers, a conflict would at least be postponed, and, perhaps, entirely averted. The Prussian government would for the future also not actively interfere with the Italian movement, so long as it remained a national move ment, and did not acquire such an extension as might render any active interference necessary, by reason more especially of its reaching or expressly claiming any portion of German Federal territory. ROME. BERNE, WEDNESDAY. The Federal Council has received official infor mation from Rome to the effect that the Swiss troops have again embarked at Civita Vecchia, to return to their country. SYRIA. PARIS, WEDNESDAY. The Paris papers publish a telegram from Mar seilles announcing that letters had been received from Beyrout stating that the agitation was in creasing• Twelve hundred Druses were assembled at Mok tara, and intended to prevent the execution of those who had been condemned to death for taking part in the massacres. Fuad Pacha had returned from Moktara. THE UNITED STATES. . _ LONDONDERRY, WEIMEDAT. The Montreal Oceaiio;t;iia7siciiteaiiiiibaiia dian' Captain Graham, from Portland, Maine, on the 26th ult., has arrived here, and landed all mails except those for Liverpool. The North Briton and Arago had arrived out. The Canadian passed the Bohemian on the 28th ult. It had been proposed that Congress should resign, and that a new one should be elected. The Augusta arsenal, in Georgia, had been sur rendered to State troops. Vessels will leave Charleston with a clearance from the Carolina authorities, certiSed by the foreign consuls. The Charleston populace were displeased with the action of Governor Pickens. An attack on Fork Sumter was expected. An attack was also expected at Pensacola. The Wyandot was anchored west of Fort Pickens, and, it was expected, would assist in the defence. General Scott was fortifying Washington with increased zeal. Advices from Mexico state that Juarez left for the capital on the sth January in order to establish a liberal government. In New Grenada military movements were un favourable to the government. A decisive battle was expected at Bogota. The forced loan had created excitement in Aspinwall. Advices from Valparako to the 7th January state that business was dull, and that the markets were stocked. COMMERCIAL. NEW YORK, .TA!e. 23. Stocks firm, but irregular. Cotton buoyant. Sales to day 5,500 bales. Middling Upland 124 c. Flour and corn have declined. Wheat active and unchanged. Provisions generally firm. Coffee steady. Sugar and tea dull, the latter has doclined 2c., and has been largely withdrawn. Freights firm. NEW ORLEANS, JAN. 24. Cotton aides to-day 9,000 bales. Middling, 101 e. to Mc. LATEST BY TELEGRAPH. NEW YORK. JAN. 24. Louisiana will secede. The government has sent reieforoements to Forth Pickens and Sumter. COMMERCIAL NEW YORK, Jan. 26. The Edinburgh sailed to-day for Europe. Cotton is buoyant, and ces have advanced e. Sees yesterday, 6,000 Wes. ffs study. Provisions quiet. Stocks dull. Illinois Central, 80; New York Central, 80 ; Erie, 34 NEW ORLEANS. JAN. 25. Cotton market is generally unchanged. Sales to-day, 8,000 bales. Sales of the week, 62,000 bales. Exports, 247,000 bales. Receipts below last year, 630,000 balm. Freight to Liverpool Id. demanded, a to 29-32nds have been paid. QUEENSTOWN, WEDNESDAY. The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Company's steamer Edinburgh, Captain Brooks, from New York on the 2Gth ult., has arrived here with 11 cabin and 85 steerage passengers. She also brings the American mails. Sbe experienced strong gales during the latter part of the voyage. Her news has been anticipated by the Canadian. The Nationalitis of Turin states that 1,000 sealing ladders have just been sent to the besie,,ing force• before Gaeta. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (non ova ows coaassromwarr.) PARIS, WXDNESDAT EVENLYG. Yesterday, pursuant to the promise conveyed in the Emperor's speech, a detailed account of the "situation of the empire" was laid upon the tables of the Senate and the Corps Legislatif. It is of such enormous length, and treats of such a variety of subjects, as to defy analysis on the cud den by a single pen. As I had conjectured would be the case, the document presents a striking analogy in point of form with the message of the President of the United States. To my mind every line of it is just as important as any in the speech itself, and, more than the speech, on account of its fuller details, it will furnish matter for discussion in the debates on the address. The evening papers cannot find room for, and are not yet prepared to oomment upon the great novelty of the day. The Prase merely quotes, as especially important, a passage from the chapter of "Foreign Affairs," wherein the Emperor takes upon himself to say that if there be no provocation on the part of Piedmont, the powers, Austria in cluded, will continue in an attitude of expects tion, and that "if Italy confines herself to search ing freely for the basis of a definitive organise tion under shelter of the principle of non-inter vention—if she take no initiative, which would expose her to certain danger—there is ground to hope that peace will be maintained." It occurs to me, in connexion with this subject, to notice an important disclosure in the expose— viz., that France wanted at one time to interfere by force to prevent the action of Garibaldi in the Neapolitan states, but that the plan was abandoned in consequence of the opposition of England. This admission entirely bears out the statement of Lord John Russell, as I read it in the latest telegram from London,that the principal moral sup port of Italian unity comes from England, and that France joined with Austria, Russia, and Prussia against Italian liberty. I look upon the Syrian question as at the present moment very (endue. The Emperor, before putting the finishing stroke to his great work, " The History of Julius Csssar," which has been so long announced, desires to have some local information from Asia Minor, and he has selected a young architect of Valenciennes, K Edmond Guillaume, a laureate of the school of fine arta, and a first Rome prizeman, to go out for him to that country to make inquiries. The Bourse to-day was quite brilliant, notwith standing a further fall of i in Consols, which was attributed to local causes unconnected with Euro pean politics. The Rents rose 45c. and 40c., closing, both for cash and account, at the highest price of the day, 68fr. 25c. Mobilier rose 18fr.75c. In railways there was a considerable movement ; Orleans rose 12fr. 150 c. ; Southern, Bfr. 75c. ; Northern, Eastern, and Lyons, bfr. each ; and Western, Mr. 76c. RUSSIA. A letter from Warsaw of Jan. 31 says : As I announced to you, the three Russian army corps (Ist, tad, and lrd) are collected in the kingdom of Poland. The 4th and sth have taken up their winter quarters in Podolia and Bessarabia. The effective strength of these troops is not greater than 100,000 men. After this disposition of the foreseen echelon towards the Austrian frontiers the 6th army corps, which is ready for the field, remains at the disposal of the government, and it is at present in the central provinces of the empire. Two corps of the guards are in the neighbourhood of St. Peters burg, and one corps of grenadiers near Novgorod and Pakoy. Jo addition to these troops Russia possesses the army corps of the Canaisus and that of Siberia, the strength of which two may be set down at 120,000 men. The concentration of troops on the frontiers of Austria is generally attributed to the serious nature of the deruoustra- Mons now being made in Austria. Persons of station in Warraw persist in declaring that the Emperor intends visiting this capital in the month of March at latest. The throne hall in the royal castle has been renovated. They still talk of carrying out the statute of 1832. THE INUNDATIONS IN HOLLAND. (RON A CORRESPONDENT.) AMSTERDAM, Fn. 3. The inundations referred to in my last letters are spreading with fearful rapidity. As the ice breaks up, notwithstanding that the thaw is gradual and unmeant. panied with heavy gales, the waters collect in the upper localities of the country, and overflowing the dykes, lay villages and towns under water, causing great loss of pros perty and human life. The small German frontier town of Emmerich is six feet under water; Arnheim is impassable from the flood which permeates its streets. More than fifty villages are totally submerged, and thousands of families have been obliged to leave their homes to seek a houseless shelter in the higher districts. It is feared that this city may yet become the prey of the invading element. The consterna• Lion is great, while the prospect of the danger increases with the arrival of every telegram and train. For some days a considerable portion of the Dutch Rhenish Railway has been under water, and the rails displaced, so that communis cation with Germany has become almost impossible. It would really seem as if old Neptune had turned annexes tionist, and had commissioned his tributary streams to now over the domain wrested from him by the industry of man, and reconnect it with the ocean from which it was stolen. The Debate of to-day in the strongest terms urges the prolongation of the French occupation of Syria. " Let Europe," it Bays, " maintain the French army there, because it is Christian, civilised, disinterested ; let it add, if it pleases. Russian, Prussian, Austrian, or English diem to concur in the common work—we see nothing to object to; but let it oppose to a too exclusive policy its collective will, and it will remove from the present year, which commences with sufficiently anxious prospects, ono of the difficulties which most threaten its repose." AParia correspondent of the lidipendaure Rays that, on receiving the new academician, the Abbe Lecordaire, on Sunday, the Emperor was in very good humour, and said something frierally to each of the " immortabi "—especially to Guizot, to whom he said that eloquence always pleased him, even when it preserved the character u opposition. M. Guizot made no reply. In the course ci the conversation the Emperor informed M. Villemain that he was about to appoint one of that gentleman's sons.in•law to an administrative post. _ _ _ The mercury was twice frozen in the therm meter this winter at Moscow—on the Pith and the 25th of January. Mercury, which is the only metal which in liquid at an ordinary temperature, becomes solid at 40 degrees below zero ; and boils at :Hill. _ . In the Spanish congress last week the president of the council, in reference to the passport question, which was alluded to, maid that a committee of the chamber had advised the abolition of such documents, and that he ap• proved of their recommendation, but that as the matter specially concerned the Minister of the Interior, who was absent for the present, be had abstained from taking any resolution. A Boston (U.S.) letter says:—" The country is covered with snow fur thousands of miles. The ice crop will be astonishingly large, and the ice itself astonishingly good. Several large ships are loading with ice for the south—though the Ultras say that they will sooner drink hot water than use it (and they are making enough of that article)—and others are to cling for Calcutta and Bombay." FRENCH lON-INTERVENTION.—The Paris jout• nate mostly content themselves as yet with reporting the Emperor's speech, reserving fora day or two their delibe rate comments. The Presse, however, in a summary, D.:l tices one or two points. With reganl to the principle of non-intervention which the Emperor says he has adopted, the Prease says :—" Is it non-intervention absolute' That is impossible. The former interventions of France place • limit to her abstention. Every one understands that • case may occur in which France would be obliged to inter• verse, in sheer self-consistency. In a word, the nun-inter• relation of France cannot be the non-intervention of Eng land." The Se to, wheel " Geld under a ender Sp No Bank of of the the care the nati, should b that, on state See contents. " I ace lowing he predecexs agreeable between t of the wei the state. " I cor three im, the expen, and with " On ne meet deer meet. "The p upon the than in ca in 1844, a any renew mint see " In lil Dented wid considered governtne " Mr. C Grown, as ticipatMn they, frog or reach reservea might be was, we tl oontempla pose to leg respondeo " I hav a qualifies House of 1858, reco substituti and simpl which sue "nisi pose, in tl with the I tinned tht accuracy, adjustmet ment and " With ems Th i a n t a tise liament t 1808, and account, I to the sta of matins' notes. Cleallng — OF tively limi would mid inferior co cumatance that all to Bement id valued aa " ' If 0 years " If, f, " 4. Be to the ban pose a W. graduated arningeme they are b "The IK tint; woo million ; al per million thm brand with the whether i debt,it mu ment. " We tl the concur bulk of th 600 milliot rate per to low being should be " Thus, by Parllan eurceparatil establisher " J. Wi polo to ioi pr~ or the 8n excess bey annum, to on WOW:0 "Thee remuneret Lumbers, of the pre to a p a y,. nutosgeme her Maim in I re an hop eaoctioe o that the a to them t portent the e n ti re as are DOW " le cot eatisfactor agreeable buts it'd tar, trap of the facilitie s material o mit b e &I Age at the E for the c we' eXt The m firmed. The C wee cello . i ,u,p e i e eo I : l ,dsb it i o eo r rtuya it;