The Press. — London, England, 1857-07-11 00:00:00

Country life, with its occupations, its pleasures, its duties, and its cares, is unknown. The vilieggiaturs lasts but six weeks or two months, during May and June, and for a like period in September and October. By most this exile from Florence is regarded as a severe penance, and the time, especially by those whose villas are distant, is abridged as much as pos sible. Little or nothing is known of the poor who live:on or near the estate; their wants, their sufferings, cares, and sorrows, meet with but little sympathy, or are consigned to the parish priest, as appertaining specially to him. The utmost economy is pursued ; nothing but what is absolutely necessary is done to the house or grounds; no extra labour is permitted—r the great object sought being the replenishment of the purse, either as a means to liquidate past ex cesses, or to enable them to display stall more splendour on return to the city. We do not say that there are no exceptions to this rale, we merely say such is the rule; and the exceptions, rare and to be noted, but prove the prevalence of the evil. As regards the abuse of titles and armorial bear ings, we again quote the opinions of those well qualified to give them. The assumption of un authorised titles is carried to an excess beyond belief, and which would be simply ridiculous and contemptible did it not produce very serious ills. Marquises, barons, and counts spring up in every direction, and coronets adorn the brows of adven turers, speculators, tradesmen, and even menials. Every year do fresh titles—we will not say of nobility —startle and confound. Even those of really noble family, but hitherto untitled, bearing, however, the highly honoured " dei," describing them as junior members of such or such a family, no longer content themselves with their due, bat assume the heraldic and signorial honours appertaining solely to the head of the house. The humble equipage, which before met all requirements, suffices no longer. Costly carriages, crowded stables, and gaudy re tainers are required to maintain the newly and often self created dignities ; embarrassments arise, the money-lender is called in, and the finale needs no description. Uuder such a state of things all suffer —landlords, tenants, tradesmen, and dependants. In cases of large families the effects are still more deplorable, as all share alike, both as regards title and property. We know four brothers, all counts of recent creation, whose united fortunes scarcely amount to 0001. per annum, and we could cite numerous similar cases. Can anything be more absurd or more detrimental to the well-being and advancement of a country ? Commencing life in a false position, unfitted by education—or rather the want of it—for exertion or self-sacrifice, inheriting little save pride, indolence, and penury, the present generation will in no way redeem the shortcomings of their progenitors. Their highest aim seems to be the obtainment of employment in a Government office, and the vain endeavour, aided by the scanty pittance accorded them, to ape the manners and follow the frivolous pursuits of those richer and higher in the social scale than themselves. It is a sad, but incontestable fact, that all the na tural riches of the soil and the vast capabilities of the country are developed by aliens, and that idle ness, want of energy, and frivolity, are the charac teristics of those whom Providence has endowed with vast natural gifts, and located in a land teeming with riches and fertility, and lovely beyond compare. J.W. THE PRESS, JULY 11, 1857. taken with arms in their hands were shot on the spot. At Genoa fifty-two persons were arrested. Each town is now restored to tranquillity. Leghorn is placed under martial law. Mazzini is reported to have escaped in a Portuguese vessel. In Naples the insurgents landed to the number of 800 at Sapri. Two engagements are reported to have taken place on the frontier of Calabris, and the insurgents are said to have been dispersed. The kingdom, how ever, is in a disturbed state. The lazzaroni were armed, and every preparation, naval and military, was being made for any emergency that might arise. In Spain the movement has confined itself to the invasion of Seville by a band of some 150 armed men, and certain movements at Malyn, Cadiz, and Badajos, all of which, it was hoped, would be promptly pat down. In the Senate, on the debate relative to the levy of 50,000 men, the Duke de Valencia (Narvaez) spoke as follows : It is necessary, as general O'Donnell has remarked, to have a good army to restrain the Republican and Carlist revolutionists. Those of both parties are at work. At Desprenaperros, in Andalusia, bands have appeared, but they have been routed, and I hope to be able to announce tomorrow that revolts which have taken place at Teruel and Malaga have also been put down. The Government knows that there exists a secret society which thinks it has the means of disturbing public tranquillity ; but it will not succeed in its object, which is to light up civil war. In order to avoid civil war, let us keep the army in a good state. . . I also hope that all those who oppose us will keep in the proper limits, in order not to create difficulties, not even the slightest, to the Government. There is now no doubt that this long-matured attempt of the Reds has completely failed at all points. FRANCE. Messieurs Cavaignac, Otlivier, and Darimon, the Republican candidates, have been returned for Paris. In connection with the elections, the Moniteur this week publishes a decree warning the Estafette and suspending for two months the Assemblk Nationale, for remarks upon the elections calum niating 5,000,000 electors. MM. Severin, Abbatucci, and De Mariani, the Government candidates, have been elected deputies in Corsica. The Moniteur cf Monday also contained the fol lowing announcement The Emperor and Empress propose shortly to pay a visit to her Majesty the Queen of England at her residence at Osborne. Their Imperial Majesties do not contemplate taking any other journey in England, and will, daring this excursion, maintain the strictest incognito. M. de Morny has been nominated President of the Corps Legislatif. AUSTRIA. A letter from Vienne of the 2nd, in the Nord of Brussels, says : . .. It appears to be now decided that the Emperor and Empress of Austria will return to Hungary in August. The visit of the Primate of Hungary has had no other object than to solicit this favour from their Majesties. The Emperor is to be present at the inauguration of the railway from Laybach to Trieste. His Majesty will arrive at the latter place, and will return to Langenbourg on the 28th. Splendid fetes will be got np on the occasion. The Bing of Prussia arrived at Vienna on Wed nesday evening. His Majesty was received by the Emperor and the Archduke Ferdinand. The King was to leave for Toplitz on Friday, and would return to Berlin on the 13th. The reception the Count de Syracuse has met with at the Court of Vienna is reported as being highly satisfactory to the Court of Naples. RUSSIA. The Emperor and Empress arrived at Kissengen on Tuesday evening, and were received by the King and Queen of Bavaria. The new treaty of commerce cowluded on the 14th ult. between Russia and France commences with superseding the former treaty of 1846. The mice en vigueur of this new one commences simulta neously with the new Russian tariff coming into force. The surtaxes, or additional Customs, levied on all goods that proceeded from any French Medi terranean port, as well as on all goods shipped under the French flag in a foreign ship, are done away with. Natives of France are in future to be at liberty to possess real property in Russia without their being necessarily naturalised. It is expected that Prince Gortschakoff will avail himself of his visit to the centre of Germany in the suite of the Emperor to take a trip to Vienna, for the purpose of bringing about a commercial treaty with the Austrian Emperor. jortign ad tolonial guttilignut. THE INSURRECTION IN ITALY. That an insurrection would break out in Franc*, Italy, and Spain, early in July, has been a rumour more or less believed for some time past. From a semi•o®cial announcement in the Paris Pays, it appears that the rumour had foundation. The Pays of Wednesday states : We stated yesterday, in speaking of the insurrectional movement in Genoa, Leghorn, and Naples, that it was the result of a vast conspiracy, the effect of which, had it succeeded, would have been felt beyond the boundaries of the Italian peninsula. We are now enabled to say that a clue to this great plot, which was neither confined to Italy nor to the person of the (sic) Italian Sovereign, has been in the hands of the French Government for a fortnight past. it was at Paris itself that the vast conspiracy, which has ramifications extending even so far as Spain, was to have broken out by the consummation of the gravest of crimes. The French Government, which made the dis covery on the eve of the ballot, was silent on the subject because, out of its loyalty, it desired not to trouble the elections nor to influence the votes. Now the partial explosion at Genoa, Leghorn, and Naples gives some idea of the extent of the conspiracy. Several of the accomplices of Mazzini have been arrested in France, and the trials about to take place will enlighten public opinion as to the enormity of the danger from which Europe has just escaped, The insurrection broke out at Leghorn on the 30th of June, and on the same day an attempt was made at Genoa to seize the forts, The garrison in both places suppressed the attempts easily, and with little leig of we, M I,eohero Beretta persons THE TURCO RUSSIAN FRONTIER. The Commissioners of England and France, who arrived at Alezandropol on the 12th of Juno, were very cordially received by the Russian Comtnis sioners. The duty of determining the limits of the Turco- Russian frontier in Asia was to commence almost immediately, AMERICA. Intelligence from New York to the 27th ult. brings the (U31%100411 WWI of 410 total deqn lo 4 9 o b; fire! °U the 28th of June, near Quebee, of the steamer Montreal, whereby no less than 200 persons, con sisting principally of Scotch emigrants, were burned or drowned. Advices from Washington report that, upon the return of Mr. Bowfin, the President will take active measures for the settlement of difficulties with New Granada. The general feeling in the States is urging the Administration to reopen the Nicaraguan route. General Scott has been called to Washington by the President, to perfect the arrangement for the despatch of troops to Utah. The Hon. William Reid, Minister to China, was entertained at dinner, on the 22nd June, at Phila delphia. Mr. Reid, in the course of his speech upon this occasion, said : Let me not, either here or elsewhere, be understood u saying that from the legitimate communion and sympa thies of the civilised nations of the world with regard to China the United States should stand coldly aloof; almost every practical question to be there determined has re lations to others besides ourselves. We have nothing to ask that others may not share, but we choose to ask it in our own way, and in our own good time. No one can find fault. It can be no part of the duty of an American representative to be the sullen spectator of what others are doing, and have a perfect right to do, to exchange no word of counsel, to refuse or omit to confer frankly and hilly on matters of common interest. By one of those sudden whirls our planet sometimes makes Chins and Chinese affairs have presented themselves in most im posing interest to the eyes of mankind ; they disturbed Great Britain the other day. It ocenpies the attention of the two great empires of eontinental Europe. No civilised nation has more direct and important relations to China than the United States. A despatch from Boston, dated the 25th ult., says : The New Hampshire Legislature today passed resole• tions denunciatory of the Dred Scott decision, and in the house this afternoon the Negro Disability Clause was ez• punged from the Militia Bill. Quart an elution. Her Majesty the Queen, accompanied by helr illustrious visitors, the King of the Belgians, Prince Frederick William of Prussia, and the Count of Flanders, visited Aldershott on Tuesday. Her Majesty gave a state ball on Thursday. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has left town for Konigswinten on the Rhine. The Earl of Derby leaves town early in the ensuing week for Knowsley, where the noble earl will entertain a large circle of noble friends during the Liverpool race meeting. The Right Hon. William E. Gladstone, M.P., and Mrs. Gladstone have returned to their mansion in Carlton•house Terrace for the remainder of the season. His Excellency the French Ambassador and the Countess Persigny will give a grand banquet, on the 22nd inst., at the French Embassy, to his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, The Duchess of Wellington will give a ball, on the 27th inst., at Apslephonse. The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland have left Northumberland•house for Herrington•park, Cornwall. Volitttal. •••••/08.• .16 CABINET CouNcn.s were held in Downing-street on Saturday and Wednesday last. All the Ministers attended. EARL GRANVILLE AND THE MARQUIS OF WEST MINSTER were invested on Monday by the Queen with the vacant Blue Ribbons of the Garter. Tier Majesty subsequently presided at an investiture of the Order of the Thistle, when Lord Kinnaird was invested. MAJOR GENERAL HEARSEY, C. 8., Colonel of the 6th Regiment of Bengal Native Cavalry, has been nominated by the Queen an eztra member of the military division of Knights Commanders of the Batb. THE QUEEN AND PRINCES or OuDE were received by her Majesty the Queen on Saturday at a private audience at Buckingham Palace. A CURIOUS RETURN, on the motion of Mt. Locke King, has been issued this week. It is a list of pensions paid by the Treasury to members of the foreign corps who served in the war ending 181 5. It appears from this return that 236 gentlemen who had been officers in these corps receive pensions from the English Government averaging about 1001• a year each. These pensions commenced, some of them as early as 1808, and none later than 1817. Besides these pensions for service, 26 are given for wounds, 178 to widows of officers, and 51 to the children of deceased officers, averaging front 451. to 91. each. TAE ELECTION COMMITTEES have sat during the week. Mayo still continues the centre of The Committees for Lambeth, Bath, wes (on he Arst sialefesterdn. of attnotlon. and Oalwa74