The Express. — London, England, 1855-04-12 00:00:00

Elie erpreoo. TO 00111.18TOWDENTIL Mvertisements Istiniel hr .Tbe Repreen" Leman Swaim per. mem be se sae Mei. Ilenvedrasest. 1•7 Tem eldest en SIN der el maiimilim. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Two Dai—linnitag. NIL is .. Attersocs. 10k. nis. TIMIORIOW —NAM ag, Ila. Um. Mimeos. tta LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 12. LATEST FROM ABROAD. THE OVERLAND MAIL. (IT summits. AND PRIME veutoaars.) (11011 TXI COIDINYONDIUtT Of Tat DAILY news.) TRIESTB, The steamer Woad& arrived at half-past three etolock, p.m., in 124 hours from Alexandria. The India Mail brings intelligence from Calcutta, March 10; Madras, March 14 ; Bombay, March 18. Colonel Lawrence is gone to Peshawar to negotiate a treaty with Dust Mahommed. Lord Dalhousie was at the Neilgherries. The reorganisation of the military departments is complete, and the system works admirably. All usury laws throughout India have been abolished. The natives are petitioning the Council for as Act to prevent polygamy. Trade in India dull. Exchange at Calcutta, 2.1. A Five per Cent. Loan has been opened. There is no intelligence from China. VIA TDB IIA0111.) OF Tat DAILY 1111111 COPENHAGEN, TIIIIILADAY. The trial of the ex-Ministers before the Supreme Court is postponed to the 4th of June. The Prussian frigate Thetis has arrived. Elsinore, the Bon nd, and Broaden, are free from ice. (IT 111TH (MOM Till According to the latest accounts from the Crimea, the impression prevails in both camps that the cam paign is approaching a critical turn, and hops. and anxieties rapidly alternate. There can be not the least doubt, says an occasional correspondent, that the expectations formed in London and Paris, re specting the proceedings at Vienna, have exercised a positive influence upon the resolutions of the gene rals ; but it woald be a great mistake to suppose that they have retarded the preparations of the Russians. —Daily Newf. DESPATCH FROM LORD RAGLAN• (raom A INT TO Till LONDON OLSZTTI OT TUNSDAT LAST.) WAR DEPARTMENT, Aram 12. Lord Panmure has this day received a despatch and its enclosures, of which the following are copies, addressed to his lordship by Field-Marshal the Lord Raglan, G.C.B. Before Sebastopol, March 27. My Lord,—Adverting to my despatch of the 24th instant, I do myself the honour to state that the fol lowing officers have been brought to my notice ail having distinguished themselves on the night of the 22nd and morning of the 23rd, in addition to those whose names I have already submitted to year Iced ship : Major the Hon. Jame. Lyon Browne, of the 21st Regiment, brother of the Hon. Captain Browne, of the Royal Fusiliers, who, it has already been my painful duty to report, fell upon this mania; Cap tain Butler, of the 20th; and Captain Rickman, of the 77th. I am happy to say that Captain Montagu of the Royal Engineers, who was taken prisoner, was not wounded, and that Lieutenant-Colonel Kelly, of the 34th Regt., who also fell into the enemy's hands, is not severely wounded, though he received some in jury both in his head and hand. Major-General Eyre, the general officer of the benches, highly eulogises the dispositions of Lint.- Colooel Kelly, and laments the loss of his services. The Major General also speaks in the warmest terms of the conduct of Lieut.-Colonel Tylden, Royal Regineers, who received a contusion, which, however, I am glad to be able to assure your lordship, does not incapacitate him from continuing those exertion, and displaying those crudities which render him so valuable an officer. There was a suspension of hostilities for about three hours on Saturday, for the purpose of bury ing those who had fallen in the late encounters, and it was evident from the numbers of bodies of the enemy, and of the French, to whom the last sad offices bad to be paid, that the loss sustained both by the French and the Russians had been very severe, particularly that of the latter. Some French, too, were found lying close to the Mamelon, a proof that their gallant spirit had carried them up to the enemy's Nothing of importance has since occurred. The siege operations continue to progress. and daring the last two nights the interruption from the firs of the enemy has been inconsiderable. The enemy are very assiduous in the improvement of their defences, and in the establishment of a trench in the fro nt of the Mameion. towards which our ally is advancioir by serpentine sap. The weather continues very fine, and the a - since and health of the troops are manifestly Dr. Gavin of the Sanitary Commission, and Mr. Rawlioson, Civil Engineer, have arrived, and are earnestly applying themselves to the discharge of the duties they have undertaken to perform ; and I will take care that they receive every aesistanee it may be in my power to afford them. I inclose the return of casualties to the 28th inst. The Himalaya has arrived, and hes been disem barking her horses intraday and this day in Basatch say. Since writing the above, I have received the offi cial report that Captain A. B. Hill, of the 89th Regiment, was severely wounded, and taken prisoner, last night, whilst posting his sentries in front of the advanced trench on our extreme left.—l have, 810. RAGLAN. The Lord Panmnre, Raters el Cessettlas Rasa the AM ti tks NPR of Norsk ISO. *Waddle Regisarat of Poet-1 Ink aod us, wassa4d.- 440 Peat-1 rook sod NA waouded.—Royal Artillery-2 rank sad So, sanadrd. —teed —4 rsa sad Ale. wooded. Itoodimd Basra el Nos-Ccalavaioned 011earr and Privates Woooded tram Pte lkd to the Sara of Yank lalS, ladisive.— eased Dowers sad lapis Murray (Royal Artillary), datums mod &hoer, ; Richard Ovillithe utith Foot), private. seworely Chula Alain (19th Pact), private, ROBBERY, WITH VIOLINCE, AT LEEDII.—A despe rate yobieri, attended with violence, has just been perpe trated at the toll-how of the Wordey-bar, Whitehall-road. At about kalf-peat I • dock la the seeming, it seems that Jetta Shasendth, the tollkeeper, opened the deer is aaswer to a kuoek. A roes honestly seised hies , threw hint down, and threatened to murder him with a bill-bilk .r use, erbioll he bold ever him, if he did not lotinediaisAg ha: 101. The tollkeeper, begging for his life, geniis thoug ht of copper out of the desk ; but the vilatia, Nt • took the resaaisuler of the nosey the desk ooestainett2t 12. . sod went away. The identity of the thief will Imo dal hit. *wits le his fun hem; blasksesd blip:ona oth.rwieidiraler4. A reword pf 111. It ding at lb appfthesaise. Re le described as very till, sat gnat hitt Tie visa tolled yestordaymornin gat f3outheartee s sci••• 61 • 1 • 1•11 • tale NA is Ines rens for 70 Man sals- Siirreeteday, Way Ina west-seetlpweit. THE WHEAT AND THE WAR. Tai decline is the pries of wheat from 74e. 3d., the weekly average of January 6, to 665. kla., the weekly average of Marsh 17, though it has east advanced a trigs, is a subject cas whWk we can con gratulate oar readers. Up to this time the delivethe by our own Wrenn have much exceeded them of last year, justifying the reports that our own wee en serpent harvest. In the seventeen weeks of 1864 thiesquest to the beginning of September, and the them weeks of 1836 of which we have the amounts, tits number of quarters of wheat sold in the 290 Wu from which returns are made was 2,964,742, %Mast 2,096,385 in the corresponding period of 1110-4—as increase of almost one-half. This Increase of oar own growth is a great na tional advantage, and it has given oar growers already upwards of 2,000,00 W. more than they ereeivel he the berme of 1863, and may rein *ea &NOW a the unjust advan tage they derive ithm the use shilling duty on corn imported. At reeve they are likely to be busy in out-door work, and, their deliveries in consequence being circumscribed while the protracted winter impedes arrivals of COM from the north, we are likely now to have a rise rather than a fall in price. In fact, though a great deal has been mid about the effects of war, they have had much less influence over the price of corn than our own harvests and. the harvests of other countries. In 1863 the average price of wheat was 535. 3d., and in 1854 725. 6L--a difference of 19s. 2d.; but the highest pries was in January and February, be fore war was declared, when it averaged 80s. sd. It appears that in the fleet eight months of 1864, while we were livingon the harvest of 1853, there were only 1,853,543 quarters mold, against 3,067,326 quar ters sold in the corresponding period of 1863; but in the subsequent months the case, as we have seen, was reversed. The price accordingly through the period that elapsed between the close of the harvest of 1853 and the middle of March was on the average up wards of 4s. 6d. higher than the price during the corre sponding period subsequent to the harvest of 1854. The failure of the harvest of 1864 in the United States has at the same time tended to keep up the prise here, and is the main cause of the rise in November and December, and of the high price at present. They have been quite unable in the States to meet the foreign demand ; their ships have been idle in consequence of there being no flour and wheat to ex port ; and their exports have fallen since July 1 in value—though the prices of most articles are higher now than last year—to 35,900,000 dole., from 43,700,000 dole, in the same time last year. Their exports of breadetuffs to Great Britain and Ireland were from Sept. 1 to latest dates— Floar—bbls. Whist—MlA.. 18614 18646 Name 1854-6.. 1,188,370 Since last September, therefore, we have not re ceived one-tenth as much flour, nor one-twentieth as mush wheat, from the States es last season. The price of wheat at New York, unaffected by the war, is nearly as high as the price in London, and puts a stop to exportation from there hither. Our imports of tallow and hemp were larger in the first month of 1855 than of 1854. The war, and blockades, and prohibi tions, do not shut out the supply of these articles; nor would they exclude the more balky article of corn,were it abundant in other countries, and did the relative prices abroad and here suffice to pay the expense d importation. But, high as the price is and has bun here, it is not sufficient to pay the coot of importeden, and should we require to import largely, the price must rise still higher. Europe hes been afflicted with a dearth the severity of which does not seem to be duly appreciated; and itis at least misleading and erroneous to ascribe to war the effects of a natural visitation. We are informed that all through Silesia and a great part of Austria the want of food is very great. At Trieste, according to the statement of the Mesta. Bruno; the price of wheat is 74e., or as high as in London or New York. They tell us, too, that " pr otheses for Austria have been, and are, making at Ga lata on a large scale, extending even as far from the Austrian frontier as the Galata district, while nsor 011 s frontier moat exorbitant prices ( known Wow) are being paid, so that not only is the rein from the vicinity of the frontier which in flumer years came here (to Galata) for shipment withdrawn from us, but the grain already in Galats is (conveyed back." Such exorbitant prices then prevail on the frontier of Austria as were never known be im ; and the wheat, instead of being heaped up to set at Galata—as we were formerly told was the ease--is all wanted for the consumption of the famish ing people in the neighbourhood. Before the war began, while peace was as profound ust any time within the last thirty years, and in consequence partly of the peace, there was a great extension of trade, and a great increase of con sumption in various parts of Europe, without a corre sponding inane*e in production of the means of subsistence. England, enjoying free trade, aad drawing supplies from many places, has suf fered far less than other countries from the disproportionate production. But the average price of wheat in England was at the beginning of 1854 more than 80s. per quarter, while it was quite as high in France, and the French Government at the end of 1853 and beginning of 1864 was entering into all the markets of the Continent and taking various active measures to ensure the French against a want of broad. When, therefore, these two great emintries, with a purchasing power far superior le any others, were ransacking the markets of the world for corn, we need no other proof Gat the bulk of the people of Europe, from 011•11100tinople to St. Petersburg, wen suffering Sem a want of food. For the permanent interests of truth, and the immediate practical action of society, it le of importance that tho cause of this should be aeourately ascertained; and the oenolasion should not at once be adopted—because a high pries of food has been coincident with the first year ot war—that it is the effect of the war. We readily admit the disturbing effect of war. It is a prodigious evil; otherwise no one would care to heap curses on the mad ambition which under false pretexts: (covering itself with the mask of religion, has inflicted war on the fairest portions of Europe. But it is wrong to exaggerate the evils even of war; and when this hideous for a party purpose, to excite dimwitted and make political capital for demagogues, no censure is too severe for each conduct. Official educe re aptly laid before the public inform us that in 1854 we received from Russia 995,488 quarters of all kinds of grain lees than in 1853, though we received 709,421 quarters ; but we also received 448,790 quarters lees from Prussia, and we reseind lees Ikon several other countries; and the proper inference is, that there was much less in all thus countries, including Russia, to export than in 1853. The price of wheat in them and in England after =ea the imports began to fall off, was net to tempt importation, or corn would have =Ls way hither, like hemp and tallow, in spite of and blockage. The pond falling aria the imilltilaireet nearly all the countries in /Imp% 1864 lilies* flue the consequence of the general dearth we have adverted to than of the war. In truth, the silly and contemptible &abides In Curs an& Kaisers to interfere with Wads ad rms. THE EXPRESS, - THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 12, 1855. late production, is more afflicting to mankind than their groping after territory. Consumption in Earops before the close of 1883 had very generally gone shoed of ve odestion. The lulu of golk.in Europa qpd the pardal intension .facility of tin& had-given s great impulse to manttfacturts, a esn sumptidit., and to tropes, Which was not 4seen pinked Sy a corresponding increase in the prods/don *flood. There wee a growing derangement in the re lation between different industries, indicated by the rapidly advancing prim in the cereals and other articles of food, without a oorresponding advance in the pries of manufasteres and colonial products. In the main, this derangement was the result of various restrictions on the industry of Europe. It was an enormous evil, caused by the meddling Govern ments of Europe, which they had neither the knowledge to foresee or appreciate, nor the ability to correct. To blame the war for this is to divert attention from the true cause, and give restrictions a renewed life. The war, by sharpening the evil and making it more conspicuous, will contribute to direct attention to the subject, and to procure that which is essential to general welfare—equal and per.' feet freedom for every species of honest industry. Till that be the general rule, society will continue to suffer from over-production by one class and in one place, and deficient production by some other class in some other place ; and war will be rather the conse quence than the cause of dearths and of the derange ment of industry.—Daily Nam A CLASS i , AFFLICTION." Otrx of our contemporaries expresses a hope that "some fitting answer may be given to the exposure [of Mr. Faarcis Vu.Lizas] now threatened." There can be no doubt what the answer will be. We shall be told that Mr. F. Vauxas is insane—labours un der a monomaniacal predisposition to play such tricks es he is charged with. Some time ago a reverend gen tleman in the county of Norfolk was charged with an indecent assault on a female : he was forthwith shut up in a Lunatic Asylum ; where he was, however, employed to officiate u chaplain. In the very same number of the journal from which we have been quoting, conspicuous place and type is given to a letter which labours to establish that the "mania of which h e r [Mim-- EMILIE FRANCES GORDON'S) savage treatment of her pony was only one manifes tation, has been developing itself in her mind for years past, and is making rapid advances towards a highly dangerous stage." Strenuous efforts are being made to obtain a remission of the punishment of Dr. Gass—who endeavoured to suborn witnesses to per jure themselves for his defence—on the plea that he is affected by partial or total insanity. In short, "insanity," "monomania," and such like dainty and delicate phrases, are now the received euphuisms by which men designate in the " respectable classes" what in those less favoured of fortune are called "crimes." The cue of Mrs. RANSBOTHAII, tried yesterday at the Westminster Sessions, may be added to the list we have given above. We offer no apology for again adverting to this painful story : for the notoriety that has been given to it none are to blame but the injudicious friends who, by the most unwarrantable means, attempted to save the accused from under going a legal trial. It is false that the press of Eng land, u a body, panders to any unworthy desire to exult in discoveries of culpability in persons under stood to be " respectable." It is false that such a desire exists to any considerable extent in any class of English society. The English public and the Eng lish press are, on the contrary, predisposed to sym pathise with the feelings of the connexions of eulprita in conspicuous stations, and to abstain from aggra vating their grief by discussion or denunciation. But neither the English public nor the English press can tolerate attempts to tamper with the administration of justice, in order to shield from me rited punishment those who ought to have been pre served, by their educational advantages and the tone of the society in which they have habitually moved, from lapsing into crime. Whenever an indignant expression of public opinion has been provoked in the case of any offender of influential station, it will be found either that an inadequate penalty has been awarded by the judge, or efforts, more or less suc eeisfal, made to avert a fair trial. In Mse. Ruunaraut's one the jury could not sines wen a verdict, and consequently every indi vidnal le left to form his own unaided judgment on its merits. It was proved by the witnesses—it was not indeed denied by the counsel for the ac cused—that on the 16th of last March she took a pair of sleeves, and on the 27th at the same month some cambric handkurehish, from Mr. MouLfs shop. On both oseaslans she took the articles furtively and secretly without ten dering payment. These facts having been esta blished, a prima fame owe of theft was made out. It was for the defendant's counsel and witnesses to adduce facts that could shake this conclusion. Have they done this? Mr. BALLswriss reminded the jury that if Mrs. Ramancrrium was acting under a mental hallucination the crime of theft could not be imputed to her. He went on to assert that females, at certain periods of life, are peculiarly liable to such hallucinations. We admit the soundness of Mr. BALLANTINI% legal doctrine ; we are not going to controvert his pathologisal law tion—though we are not prepared to admit that it is correct to the extent he sought to die the jury. It is enough for us that he did sot pat ens person into the witness-box to state any Let or facts calculated to raise a presumption that Mrs. RAXIMOTRAM labours, or has at any time laboured, under such a mental hallucination as he described. The jury were asked to take for granted that the lady was of unsound mind, because it was difficult to conceive any motive or inducement eke could have to commit theft. The evidence of the witnesses for the defence went, if anything, to weaken the assumption that she was of weak or unsound mind. Mrs. RANSIOTHAII may be a thief, or she ma be the unfortunate victim of a mental disease : the public is at this moment as much in the dark on the matter as it was when the story first crept abroad. No evidence has been ad dated to show what the state of her mind wan Poe oar own part we have no objection that the affair should rest here. It is not vengeance on any individual, but the security of the general public that the law seeks to establish. The punishment of Mrs. Ramenarnam—the irremediable tarnishing of her character—is not required for the vindication of the law's authority, even though she be guilty. If the attempts that were made to save her from undergoing the ordeal of a trial had been persisted in ; if there wen any risk that the Cot:laminas-like line of defence—by aspersing the character of the prosecutor —had been successful, the case would have beset dif ferent. But, as it is, we admit the validity of the plea that the exposure to which the accused has boss subjected is lenient to deter all sane individaele her rank and station from committing sae olllasse as she has been accused of; and we admit the fogies of abstaining from harrowing the feelings of her sew amnions by keeping the subject before the pubis sine minute longer than is necessary. Bat we emphatically re-assert the principle which has guided us in our remarks upon this am. It is sonde that people of wealth and station have liner • bows to appropriate the goods of others wkila if= suspend state of mind, and consequently adresteeisibis line their actions ; but it is equally oaten that people of wealth and station, who were perfectly aware of the criminality of the solicit, and the responsibility they incurred by oommitting :it, have degraded themselves by thieving. Theeseeeity of property requires that snob °fleshes sissoltlo, punished, all the same as those who belong to lbs poorer and worse-taught classes. It im true that the amount of property liable to be abstracted by wealthy or "respectable" pilferers is not likely to be so great as that abstracted by professional thieves I bet the secondary ensequences of the crimi nal ads of the wealthy are more mischievous than in the case of professional delinquents. The eyes of the police are on the crime clue, who find it more difficult to escape. The mere presence of some of this class at the time the goods were stolen diverts suspicion from other bystander.. But the wealthy thief being less liable to suspicion and detection, the suspicion of the plundered parties naturally fall os their own assistants and servants. One wealthy thief may destroy the harmony of many large retail add,- lishments, and bring unmerited suspicion on many persons of the strictest honesty. Again, the deter tion of one lady thief excites for a time the sow picioes of shopkeepers against all of the same class. We know many ladies who dread to enter a shop at this moment on amount of the state of mind prevalent among shopkeepers since the Ran- BOMA( story got wind. Crime in the influential dames is at least as dangerous as crime in the lower classes, and cells equally for repression by law. As to the allegation that the more refined sentiments of the higher clause make the same punishment prom Mose heavily upon them than upon the coarse and Uneducated, it most be kept in mind that, inso les& as the higher classes have been better taught, sad are less exposed to temptation, their criminality Is greater. We have only one other remark to offer. When a seemingly orimieal act is the result of a morbid state of mind in the perpetrator, it can rarely happen that his (or her) friends and relations are unaware of the disease. If they are, it is their duty either to watch the patient closely, or to put those with whom he deals on their guard. The owner of a ferocious bull or a savage dog is held liable for any damage the brute may occasion, if due care has not been taken to restrain him. And on the same principle the relatives and connexions of any human gazza ladra ought to be held liable for its pilfering', unless they can show that they have adopted precautions to keep them in check.—Daily News. :be Court. -•- WINDSOR, Aram 11. There waa no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Quwn and Prince, accompanied by the Prince of Leiningen, walked in the Hems Park thin morning. Her Majesty afterwards rode in the Riding-home, attended by the Hort. Flora Macdonald. The Prince of Wales rode on horseback, attended by Mr. Gibbs. The younger royal children took a carriage drive. The Viscounter Canning has succeeded the Duchess of Athol! ea the Lady in Waiting to her IleJody. Lord Riven and General Sir Edward Bowater have Int ended Earl Somers and the Ron. Mortimer Sackville West as Lord and Groom is Waiting. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing-street. It was attended by Viscount Palmerton, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Sir George Grey, the Earl of Clarendon, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Charles Wood, Sir William Molesworth, Viscount Canning, and the Earl of Harrowby. The council eat three hours. Iris:mutt Palmerston invited in London yesterday morn- Jag from is seat, Broadlands, Haab, for the purpose of attending the Cabinet Conseil. THE VISIT OF THE EMPEROR AND EMPRE OF THE FRENCH. The Emperor and Empress of the French will arrive at Wiadeor, by the; Great Western Railway, at six o'clo.k next Monday evening. They will be received by a guard of honour composid of the 94th Regiment, a com pany of the Foot Guards, and a detachment from the Ride Brigade. The Mayor of Windior (lola Clode, Esq.) will be in attendance, with the Castle Mantels, to conduct the Emperor sad Bawer to her Majesty's waiting•room, and afterwards to the apartments prepared for them at the Castle. . . There will be state dinners at Windsor Cutlet on every eveniog alter the Emperor Napoleon's arrival; and subset• quest to the investiture of his Imperial Majesty with the Order of the Garter, on Wednesday, a magniflosat benquast will be given, at which the Ale of the aristocracy will be present. There will also be a review of the whole of the household troops. The Dean of Windsor, who is brother to Lord Cowley, the British ambassador at Paris, ham placed his residence in the eloistets at the envies of a portion of the Emperor's suite. The preparations at the Cutle are by no means complete, no leer than 300 workmen being still engaged. DUBLIN, WZDNZSDLY. His ExosEmmy the Earl of Carlisle, Lord Lieutenant, arrived at Kiogstown to-day, at two o'clock. Arrived in Dublin, he proceeded in state to the Castle, loudly cheered by the people. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridgs loans Loaders, at lleoday, he Whither Castle, when ha will re sin a gnat of her hiLajway until the following Thursday. Min BurdettCoutis in returned to town, from Suffolk. Miss Coatis is mooted to okit Pais la %Monroe of • tow weeks. Arrangements are in progress for the erection of a aew char& is the Westminster/cad, a few ye:dean of the Roman Catholic Cathedra. Ordinations for Trinity Sunday, June 3, are an *mod by the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Enter, Ripon, Peterborough, Ch , chaster, Lie/afield, Ely, Oxford, Cheater, Liamln, Salisbury, and Bath and Wells. The Bishop of Winchester holds his neat ordination on the fifth &today after Trinity, July 8. The Archbishop of Canter bury at Xielasehnes. The Xing of Prmsda is said to have written letter to the Beeperer of Russia, urging Mee to send Count Neeeeirede la person to snake pose', if possible, and warn ing hist dant, if the attainment of swam should be pre voided by eauseemary obstacles wt up by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg, then all Germany would, no doubt, side with Austria sad the Western Powers ; and that Prussia, g o ortist by her Gersten friends, would find herself in an ectseeaely difficult position. A requisition ham been presented to the Mayor of Portsmouth, to all s spasial manias of the town mum% "to take into cos siduities the seat desirable snows to be adopted *Jo homer to her Majesty's ally his Imperial Majesty the Emperor Napoleon 111., oa his intended visit to t►is eseatry." _ The Post believes it to he probable that when the Newspaper Stamp Duties Bill IMMO on ler a emend reading Gs Monday warmth dams' will be reposed by the Govern ment conferring wpm newspaper proprietors a oopyright, momeatily of brief duration, in all articles of original esesposition published by them The Scam/raw of yesterday eyes that the hills toted Edinburgh are atilt revered with Moir. The winter wheats show a Marked improvement within the laid few days. The wheat pint always askew** greatest progress is spring when the ground dry. The sppearanes now monied, although eft flattering, is so far satisfactory that ' the dreaded thinnfirg of plints by the frost is very limited, bet so field exhibits any luxuriance, sad Au are jaw. The government emigrathin ship Octavio left Sostlmmptes Doh yesterday with 360 emigres% for Ads- 1 leadiAletralts. OFFICI4,I EXPLANATIONS OF THE EASTERN EXPEDITION. The following is the greater portion of the article Id the Moniteur, referred to in the telegraphic de spatch which appeared in yesterday's Express : To know the truth, when it concerns the honour, security, and power of the State, is the incontestable right of a great country like Franoe. To speak it, when silence is not imposed by patriotism for the public weal, is the sacred duty of a strong govern ment like that of the Emperor. The Eastern expe dition, its causes, its object, the military operations prepared for sustaining it, the diplomatic negotiations entered upon for obviating or terminating it, are now facts that are matters of discussion pending their transition to the page of history. In order that these facts may be usefully discussed and seriously judged, we are now about to state them in their most scrupu lous exactitude. Such a course appears to as to be both frank and useful. Public opinion is prompt to take alarm and prone to error in the midst of emotions and events such as those of which it now feels every day the reaction. The best mode of re assuring it is by enlightening it. In what manner was the Eastern Expedition con ceived P What are the expectations and the data that dictated its plan ? What are the causes that modi fied it ? Why was the Anglo-French army landed in the Crimea instead et acting on the Danube and making a campaign in Bessarabia ? How must we explain the long resistance of the besieged in pre sence of the ardour and heroism of the besiegers ? Such are the pointa we wish to examine is the first part of this work. We shall bring to this examina tion only ..ome certain facts, authentic documents, and truths of military science and military history. The imperious and decisive circumstances that com manded France to draw the sword after a peace of forty years are present to the minds of all persons. Russia, unable to obtain the admission of her supre macy over Turkey by the terror of her protocols, had endeavoured to impose it by force. She had violated treaties, invaded a territory, disdained and threatened Europe. Her armies were occupying the Principali ties, were advancing on the Danube, and had even marked out the halting places of a victorious march on the Balkans. The admirable spirit of the Turkish na tion was not sufficient to thwart this plan. Russia found an unexpected obstacle, it is true, in the heroic devo tion of a people which she had thought fallen, and whose resistance made her remember that it had conquered Peter the Great. But the struggle was an unequal one. The whole world, breathless and excited, awaited the issue with anxiety. Germany, uncertain between her habits engendered by the Holy Alliance and the counsels tendered by her own dignity, did not know yet whether she ought to submit any longer to the arrogance of that do mination which weighed upon her, or finally reject it. It was from the West that the signal of resistance went forth. France and England, loyally united, did not hesitate to send their fleets and armies to the East to defend there the integrity of the Otto man empire, the respect due to treaties, the equili brium of Europe, and the cause of civilisation. The exalted will which presides over the govern ment of our country, and which had resolved on this war as essential to its honour, after having vainly endeavoured to prevent it by honourable conciliation, then traced out instructions fer the illustrious marshal, in whose hands the sword of France was about to be placed. In those instructions, bearing the date of April 12, 1854 we read the following pashages: " In placing you, marshal, at the head of a French army, about to fight at more than sir hundred leagues from its native land, my first recommenda tion to you is to bestow the greatest care on the health of the troops, to spare them as much as pos sible, and not to come to an engagement unless you have made sure of two-thirds at least of the favour able chances. "The peninsula of Gallipoli has been selected as the chief place of debarcation, because it is intended to be, as a strategical point, the basis of oar opera tions—that is to say, the 'place d'armet,' where we can place our depots, ambulances, and provisions, and whence we can easily advance or re-embark. That will not prevent you on your arrival from sta tioning, if you deem it advisable, one or two divisions in the barracks either to the west of Constantinople or else at Scutari. " So long as you are not in the presence of the enemy, the dislocation of your forces will be of small moment, and the presence of your troops at Constantinople may produce a good moral effect; but if, by chance, after advancing on the Balkans, you should be constrained to beat a retreat, it would be far more advantageous to regain the coast of Gallipoli Ithan that of Constantinople, for the Russians would never venture from Adrianople to Constantinople, leaving as they would on their right a choice army of 60,000 men. If nevertheless there should be a wish Ito fortify the line of Kaman in front of Constanti nople, it should only be done with the intention of lailowing it to be defended by the Turks alone, since, I repeat it, our position will be more independent, more formidable, by being on the flanks of the Rus sian army, than by being blocked up in the peninsula of Threes. " This first point established and the Anglo-Frets& army once united on the shores of the Sea of Mar mon, you will have to come to an understanding with Omer Pasha and Lord Raglan respecting the adoptioa at one of the. three following plans : I. Either to march and meet the Russians on the Bal kans. 2. Or to sieze the Crimea. 3. Or to land, say at Odessa, or at any other spot on the :Russian coast of the Black Sea. " In the first case, Varna seems to me the important point for occupation. The infantry might go to it by sea, and the cavalry more easily perhaps by land. In no ease ought the army ever to remove too far from the Black Sea, in order that it may have its communications constantly open with the fleet. "In the second case, the one concerning the occu pation of the Crimes, it is necessary above all things to be sure of the landing place, in order that the die embarkation may be affected at a distance from the enemy, and that this place may be capable of being fortified quickly, so that it may serve as a support in ease of a retreat. " The capture of Sebastopol ought not to be attempted, unless you are provided with at least half a battering train and a great many sacks of earth. When you approach that place, do not neglect . to seize Balaklava, a small poet situate four lapse to the south of Sebastopol, and by means of which cent municstion may be easily kept up with the fleet dur ing the continuance of the siege. "In the third case, that in which an enterprise should be revolved on in concert with the admirals • against Odessa. • • "In every case my principal advice is, never to grids your army, but always to march with all your troops suited ; for a compact mass of 40,000 men is always an imposing force; broken, it is worth no- thisg. 4 , If, however, you are obliged to divide your army, maks arrangements for reuniting it on sons spot in 24 hours. ^lf on the march it forms several columns, upon a point of reunion sufficiently distant from the enemy to prevent any column being attacked singly. If you repulse the Russians, proceed no farther than the Danube, unless the Austrians join in the movement. "As a general rule, every movement ought to he concerted with the Commander-in-Chief of the Eng lish army. It is only on certain exceptional occa. sions, u when the safety of the army is concerned, that you should act on your own sole decision. Marshal, I have full confidence in you; I ap t convinced that you will remain faithful to these in. atructions, and that you will bring fresh glory to oat Eagles." Thus, as we see by this extract from the Emperor' s instructions to Marshal St. Arnaud, Gallipoli b i d been chosen as the place of debarkation of the Anglo. French army. We must urge the important omit, derations which led to this choice. The first principle in a maritime war is to az upon a point of assembling which is protected from the attacks of the enemy, easily defended, easy c i access for disembarking and provisioning the troop % which will allow the army to move in advance or fall back upon its base of operations, if forced to do so, and which, in case of defeat, shall afford a sheltie and refuge to the fleets. The peninsula of Gallipoli satisfied admirably thus conditions for a well-conducted naval war. Situated at the entrance of the Dardanelles, it was easily pm, visioned through the Sea of Marmon and tbs Thracian Gulf. A weighty reason, drawn front the respective situations of the Russian and Turkish anthem, made it necessary to possess this place. The Russians, by crossing the Danube at Routs. °hook, by advancing on Adrianople, and by leaving the Turkish forts, and even Constantinople on their left, would be able to precede us there, and to clop the retreat of our ships engaged in the Black Bw. There was in that a great danger which the foresiglit of the allied governments provided against and pm. vented. Another consideration prescribed the pts. vions occupation of Gallipoli. At the period the ex. pedition wee about to leave, that is to say in April, 1854, inquiries were anxiously made whether oir _ . military forms would arrive in time to cover Cab stantinople. A defensive war then appeared mods more likely than an offensive one. What was ea. dangered and indeed already violated —was the integrity of the Ottoman empire, and that was what we were about to defers* and reconquer. Had the Turks lost a single battle on the Danube, the Russians would have been able to reach the Balkan in three days' march, and would have had the road to Constantinople open to them. The occupation of Gallipoli entirely covered that capital. The two allied governments were tally alive to the fact that even hid a Russian army entered Adrianople, it would not have been able to - advance upon Constantinople, leaving an army of sixty thousand Engli.h and French on its right flank; and this foresight is to be found in the instruo. tions of the Emperor. Thus, in every respect, and in anticipation of nearly all casualties, the peninsula of Gallipoli was admirably selected as the place of debarkation, and the base of operations. From this point we were able to protect the Turkish capital, and to control the movements of our fleet; we advanced without exposing our flanks, and we kept up our communica tion with Toulon and Marseilles. But the Anglo-French army had hardly arrived at Gallipoli when the scene began to be changed. Although the Russian scouts had been seen in sight of Varna, the heroic defence of Siistria had broken the onward impulse of Prince Gortchakoff. The struggle, instead of being removed into the centre of the Turkish empire, was kept up on the Danube, with various changes of fortune. The generals in chief of the expedition were then under the impression that they should be able to arrive in time at the scene of action, perhaps in time to save Silistria, but in any case in time to join the Turkish army, and hold the Balkan against the Russians, having, as it were, the two wings of their array protected by the fortresses of Shawl' and Varna. This plan was as bold as it was prudent. The wisdom of it was, moreover, pointed out by existing circumstances, and by the imminence of the danger. In fret, if the Russians had taken &list* the fall of which was announced as inevitable in the reports of Omer Pacha, the fate of the Ottoman En pine might have depended upon the issue of nee general engagement. The French and English armies were bound to foresee and prepare for this. There was their post, because there perhaps would be the denouement of the strife, and the final decision of fate. These apprehensions were falsified by events. TM courage of the Turkish army, and the presence of the allies, sufficed to force the Russians to rain the siege, and withdraw to the other side of the Duds. Every time that the enemy retreats there is a greet • temptation for the army before whom he retires; it is the temptation of pursuit. But when pursuit may endanger an army, there is more glory in ha* than in advancing. The love of glory should uonr lead to that which wisdom forbids. What could the Anglo-French army have done by entangling itself in a country laid waste, with its communicationscat off, furrowed by large water-courses, and infested by pestilent disorders? It is not victory that it would have sought, but destruction without contest, ad death without compensation. It has been said that after the retreat of the Rus• sans we might to have acted upon the Danube esi entered into Bessarabia. Let us put the matter a the most straightforward manner passible. Withal the co-operation (concours) of Austria, our army cold not advance upon the Danube without incurring tie risk of a most fatal catastrophe. We must not forget that our base of operations was the sea. Losing . tbs we risked everything and compromised everyfhleF Military science and common sense both entered their protest against undertaking operations with 60,000 Anglo-French and 60,000 Turks in as unhealthy and impracticable country, Wing no means of transport, without any mien" of artillery or organised parks—no depots of eat ables or munitions at Shumla, Varna, or Sffistrm All these resources, indispensable at the commas* ment of a campaign, cannot be improvised in a ksr days, when those who have the management of are eight hundred leagues distant from their country Theme resources might have failed us completely. We should have found otweelves in front of an army et 200,000 men waiting for us on their own ground; 01 else retreating before us, trying to entrap us into a still more dangerous position, giving us no ethic alternative than that of a most disadvantagene battle or an impossible retreat. A simple fe• connaimanoe of two days in the Dobrudscha which cost as more than a most murderous combat, is a proof of what we have advanced. Generals-in. chief, who, ignorant of the dangers attending such an undertaking, should have allowed themselves to be drawn into the commission of such an irreparable fault would, we have no hesitation in saying, have endangered the responsibility of their command. Again we repeat it, a campaign beyond the Danube and on the Pruth is not possible without them-open' tion of Austria. Now, a government does not make war when it desires it, unless forced to do so by is• controvertible circumstances. It takes care to maks war only whoa it fa Cable so to 49.