The Express. — London, England, 1861-12-31 00:00:00

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Allonkess. lk Ha 1041111WWWouloi. Wi. Ow— Anowsos. 11. Om LONDON, TUESDAY, DEC. 31. THE REVENUE. The returns fee the quarter and of the year will be made up this ovealeg. On the quarter there will be a net ilecrowie of about 1,900,000 E ; and on the year a decrease of abut 3,300,0001. There is an increase in Cu■tome on the quarter of 300,0001., and on the year el 760,000/. The Excise shows a decrease both on the quarter and on the year ; that in the former case, being 460,0001. ; and in the latter, 908,0001. Stamps exhibit an increase ou the quarter of 60,0001., and on the year of 200,0001. In Taxes the diminution is unimportant—about 11,1001. on the quarter, and 7,0001. ou the year. The Income TA: presents a falling off of 1,170,0001. on the quarter, and nearly 3,000,0001. on the year. The variation in this tax is explained by the re duced duty and the arrears of collection. The Post-oliiee yields an increase of 30,0004 on the quarter, and of 80,00 W. on the year. In Crown Lands tbs variation is unimportant. In the Miser Hansom Revenue there is an excess of 00,000/. on the quarter, and • diminution of more than soo,ouor. on the year ; the former arising from the increased contribution from the Indian revenue towards the non-effective charge fur the Queen's troops employed in India ; the latter from the payment on account of the Spanish Debt during the same period of last year. Customs and Stamps are, it may be observed, both very satisfactory ; the former show an increase o• nearly every article but corn, Geneva, and tobacco. In the case of the Excise the real decrease is considerably law than the apparent, on account of the drawback on Paper duty during the quarter, while on the year the decrease is affected by the additional receipt last year on account of the shortened term of the Malt Credit REVIEW OF THE YEAR A T home our lot has been, as usual, a checkered one. We had a harvest of a peculiarly fine qua lity, though somewhat short in quantity. lbw seed was never seen, and we have bad a favoura ble autumn for sowing it. We hays enjoyed a year of social peace and fair prosperity. Some livelyoom beelines& there have been on theological and edu cational subjects. We have seen the Church deeply disturbed by the discussion of topics which men ►ave discussed at intervals for eighteen hundred years, or always ; and we have seen clergymen brought to the bar of ecclesiastical judgment for their discourses or writings. Such embroilment& always end in an increase of liberty of thought and worship, and are by no means to be reckoned among the calamities el the year. Nor are the clamours about the new Code, propounded by the Council of Education, to be 8o regarded. If we witnessed unworthy armee en the pert of very new " vested interest," we has seen oho a bold and seiaible attempt made to gal out of on untenable position, and to give Blob& children better teaching at lees cost than at present. We consider this proposal of change one of the happy events of the year. We have had our meetings for the promotion of both Natural and Social Science. We have seen our Volunteer system well sustained, and have found its value on the fist alarm of war, in the freedom which it gives to the disposal of our soldiery. We have reason to confide in the im provement of our army, and in the fine spirit of our sailors. The Naval Reserve secures us against our worst danger, in providing for the manning of our ships ; and the alacrity for service shown by that force, as soon as war appeared probable, has cheered and gratified the whole kingdom. As usual, crime overshadows our retrospect, and eepocially in the bright pert—tbe region of l military improvement. The military murders of the last year are both a degrees and a terror— like the rick-burning mania of thirty years since. The Preston and Aklershott murders are perplex ing and humbling. Ho is the outbreak at Chatham among the convicts in February. So are the Sheffield outrages, which have been so frequent of late; and the long series of murders this year, which almost bear the character of an epidemic. We have suffered remarkably from fires too—from the fire in Dublin in April, which cost eleven lives, to the donne which have ushered in the present winter. The Surrey Music-hall perished in that way, sod the fires in the Borough, which cost us Mr. BILAIDWOOD fint, and then threw us out of our calculations about insmauce, and overthrew our confidence in THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 31, 1861. iron structures, called fire-proof, WM be cited as warnings for generations to wow The deaths by fire, and by other accident* caused by Or per verse folly of female dress, lyre been unanally numerous. We have had solemn warnings in the form of tremendous pit accidents, and the fall of old houses—particularly that at Edin- burgh, last month. Still, it appears by the Census that the conditions of life and health are greatly improved, and steadily improving, in the country at large ; and there is per haps no respect in which our people have not advanced within the ten years which the Census sums up. The increase of numbers is great, though partial ; and the agricultural portions are pot in the way of improvement by science and zeal, as the manufacturing districts were before them. On the whole, the people live longer, live better, and bequeath more favourable lives to their children ; and the year which is passing away has confirmed these favourable tendencies. There have been faint revivals of some old anxieties—some confused echoes of old discontenta, as must be expected in the midst of all prosperity. Some efforts have been made to resuscitate the Repeal agitation in Ireland ; bet with no effect. The 3l'Maxes funeral was frowned upon by the priests ; Mr. SMITH O'Dell :en offer of himself as mediator in the American civil war, as the heartiest reviler of England, brought no response ; and the latest demonstration in Dublin, on occasion of the Trent affair, only disclosed the anarchical state of the party, and procured the dismissal of the chairman from the magistracy. There is enough of mischief done in Ireland by the rains to have reminded us to set to work in time to avert all danger of famine. We have been suddenly checked in our complacency about the advance made in the education of our youth by the disclosures occasioned at Woolwich, where young men have been treated as young Englishmen will never bear to be treated. This, again, has I brought out facts about the despotism and bad manners of the Horse Guards, which remind us painfully of former days, when the army was infested with ruffians below and jobbers in the high places. The carrying on of Lord Hasszwr's work of Army Reform to a point far beyond what Lord Mama could have reached is one of the most pressing of our duties---whether war or peace is before us. Our colonies have been calling to us again. New Zealand has once more been a battlefield of races, and a mew of strife among the higher race as to the claims of the lower. We have seen the wisest step taken M the return of Sir G. Ga' to the colony ; but the mischief of the minding months is every way irreparable. We have witnessed the ordinary phenomena of free government in young countries, in our vigorous and prosperous Australian colonies ; and we have heard strong calla from the Pacific coast for aids and appliances to the needs of our rich and healthy colony of British Columbia. Many good people and things have been sent out ; but more are wanted to make that new home for Englishmen as safe, enlightened, and progressive as it ought to be. Death has made great havoc this year within the limits both of our political interests and sym pathies, and of our own realm. Besides the four Sovereigns whose departure has been referred to, there have been deaths in several royal houses since that of the Duchess of KIST was mourned in this country. The royal family of PORTUGAL has been sorely smitten ; an infant of the Queen of Simla has died ; and the Count and Countess of MoNvo 1101.1'S in the other branch of the family. The mournful record closes with our own great loss, by which our Queue is widowed, and millions of us became mourners in an hour. The world's great calamity by death was when CAVOUR dep►rted in Juno, just after he had seen the gathering of the first Italian Parliament. Poland lost her aged representative, Prince Croarozeszi ; and Russia her well-known spokesman, Prince GORTCHAKOI , 7. We have to mourn our best War Minister in Lord HIABKRT ; and in Sir Joins °SAMAR a statesman whose place in Partiamentannot be filled. Several members of both Houses have disappeared, of whom Lord CAMPSILL, the Dukes of Morose, BUCKINGHAM, and Scruszime, and the Earls Foarsecus and Etaueroe, have been and will bo missed in the one, and Mr. DoNeostes and Mr. BMASMAN CRAWFORD in the other. Lord CANT sioa.'s death moreover removed the ablest lawyer we have from the one House to the other, con verting Sir RIIMARD BRIMISLL into Lord Wen n-ie. An aged General and Admiral were taken from us in Sir HOWARD Dovotos and Admiral DUNDAIL The Bishops of BUSMAN and KILLALOR died here, and the Bishop of MADRAS in India ; and others have gone from the clerical ranks—as Dr. Coneisonox, eminent in the Free Church movement in Scotland; and another CUNNINGHAM, of Harrow, a leader of the Evangelical movement in its early days. We might add the name of the Ree.PATRICK BROST', thefatherof that melancholy group of doomed geniuses whose works and fate have interested all the world. Literature has had a mourning year, if it were only by the loss of Mrs. BROWNING; but there is also Taos. Plows' Immix (Mocaume's aid and friend), and Mrs. Ooze, and Amass Bonus, the sister of JOANNA ; and Sir Fzonete Pommies, whom position as Keeper of the Public Records was both cause and effect of his value as a literary antiquarian. The Russian traveller, T. W. Aramsow, is gone ; and from the company of means Professor Heneww, Bismor, the astronomer, and Professor Quairrr, the microscopist. Of physicians, Sir Jour( Foasm and Dr. Sot/Timone Serve died full of years ; and the lamented Dr. BALT was snatched away untimely. Among our engineers and architects there hes been a great sweep. We have lost JOSRaII MAMMA; and Sir Paris FAIRSAIRN, and Sir C. W. P AWAY, and Sir We. Cuzzer, and Itteaoze °LIMIER, the pride of his native New • castle. In art, meek has lest //MURRY Noesmo, and the great STAUDIGL, and CATS/RIDS HATES; painting has lost DAISY, LINDSAY, and Pressss- GILL sculpture, Joni FiLixets ; and the drama our old favourites, Yawn and VADDRICROFF. Old Sir Perm LAMM will be remembered in his own way. The changes wrought by time have been very visible this year. We have seen the spirited reforming Commoner, the Joni( Rl:sena. of our younger days, transformed into the elderly peer, I and eminent now in the Foreign-office rather than in Parliament. We have seen the royal children growing up to manhood and womanhood ; and the Prince of WALI34, especially, summoned to attend to the real business of life, as soon as he had left the University and gone through some military training in the camp. The ripening of events which will make the departing year most memorable is in America. If one result be to plunge us in war, which we still trust will not happen, the event will be referred in history to the coining year ; and we shall remember the one which is now passing from as chiefly by the gloom of bereavement which over shadows its close. Yet we must not forget that it ►es been a year of great and substantial national happiness and true welfare, and bear it in grateful remembrance accordingly. Ths past year, like its predecessors, has been stained by several great commercial scandals. Just when the public were beginning to hope that the stimulus given to the vigilance of directors and auditors by the huge frauds Of RV:MATH and Pummiosa had put joint-stock tunda in a more secure position, a fresh shock was given to confi• denim by the discovery announced on the 16th of February, that DI:RDEN, a ledger clerk in the branch of the Commercial Bank of London, had, by very simple means, contrived to misappropriate no less a sum than 67,000/. With the consequent enforced transfer of the busi ness of the establishment to the London and Westminster Bank, and a ith the obliteration of the Commercial from the list of London joint stock banks, the public are already acquainted. That an institution of so long standing should be extinguished by such an event is signifi cant of the close connexion which sub sists between good credit and banking success. Let the one be impaired, and there is no room whatever for the other. The revela tions which have more recently occurred in the case of the National Assurance and Investment Association, misnamed the " Bank of Deposit," furnish a fresh illustration of the ease with which • sum of three hundred thousand pounds, ex tracted for the most part from the hard-won hoards of the poorer classes, may be dis sipated, or fraudulently misappropriated, through the medium of a joint-stock company, and dust be thrown in the eyes of the dupes and public until the sacrifice is fully consummated. This matter being still sub jtedice, we have only to ex press the public hope that it will be probed to the bottom, and the responsibility visited on the guilty shoulders. Developments of the kind with which the public have' been familiarised of late years are mapping the very foundations of trust in public confidence, and this at a time when, from the vast expansion of commercial trausactions generally, the powerful agency of associated capital is becoming increas ingly necessary. It is beyond the scope of even • millionaire to construct • London and North Western Railway, or the seventy or eighty steamers which compose the fleet of a Peninsular and Oriental Company. The wants of commerce are daily expanding. Its requirements—particularly in the form of transport, dock, and telegraph ac commodation—have now attained • point beyond the conception of our forefathers. Individual means are quite inadequate: joint-stock funds are indispensable, and are supplied to the extent of millions in • single purse. This is why the frauds brought to light in joint-stock companies involve such frightful amounts. The rogue who Can once succeed in putting his hand, undetected, into a public company's monies, holds the purse of For tunatus in his grasp. What he can do once he can do again ; and so he goes on until some acci dent, humanly speaking, opens the eyes of his easy-going superiors, or of pick-tooth," guinea-pig" directors, to the astounding fact of a deficiency of hundreds of thousands of pounds. We fear that • deep satire on modern society is con veyed in the very fact that a person whose ostensible means are limited to • few hundred pounds a year may live at the rate of many thousands, as Rossox did, or fill his house with costly works of art, as REDPATH did, without exciting the curious comment of those in his own sphere of life, or the suspicion of his employers. Is our moral atmosphere becoming akin to that of RUM* where, " palm oil " apart, the avowed salary of • government official amounts to one-fifth or one-tenth of the sum required to live upon, or commensurate to his notions of existence I What • disgraceful commentary do the career and opportunities of our distinguished criminals afford upon the system of providence and superin tendence that prevails at the boards of public companies ! It is only simple people, people cut out naturally for shareholders, who imagine that it is the province of directors really to direct the affairs of • great public concern, and to watch over the conduct of thousands of employds, both with their own and with other trustworthy eyes. Nothing of the kind : the ordinary definition of a Director is • person who receives • certain fee for attending in a certain room at certain intervals. The more of such "duties," save the m►rk I he can squeeze into the week, by " directing " • dozen public companies at once, the better the financial result to himself, and the greater the opportunities for patronage, if not for favouritism and " jobbing." There is, we fear, a close relation be tween this definition of a director and the defi nition we have heard applied to a public company —"a thing founded in fraud." " All public " companies are founded in fraud," is a warning motto which, we have heard duped shareholders urge, ought to be carved in ineffaceable letters on every public establishment, over every door of the Stock Exchange, and in every place of financial resort. So general • charge be comes, of course, a libel, but the public have imbibed, by experience, so painful a sense of the fraud, deceit, or, in the cases open to less severe objection, irregularities, which attend the incep tion and conduct of public companies, that they would be scarcely disposed to condemn even this sweeping condemnation. It would almost seem as if, in matters of business, a dic tatorship were the perfection of administration, because it alone seems to admit of the concentration, under one supreme and actively controlling hand, of • single power and accumu lated responsibility, ascending, rank by rank, through the various grades of employ6s, each charged with the task of supervision of the class below him. It is just possible that, even under the system on which the management of our public companies is at present constituted, a perfect self acting plan of mutual check and countercheck might be established in a well-ordered concern, but there is the fatal defect that when the thread of responsibility reaches the head of the under taking, it is totally lost in a board of a dozen or twenty members. The writers in the Km: Zeitung of Berlin have dimmed the first Liberal on mooed in Holy Writ. The Lisguago in whisk they de so, though more profound Ore lateilkible, is yet suiliciently dear se to the name of the psalm intended. After • mystic introduction, out of titbit* ha massages to elicit the conclusion that " • king of God's grace is at comity with this world," the writer unfolds the gnat truth in due gradations : " Liberalism did not take its ries in ante-Christian time, for it is esesetially a degeneration existing in the kingdom by God's gram. Hentheadom was wanting is lest iateesity of the real and is the euergies of corruption neesseary to generate liberalism. Among God's people et the Old Comsat, also, there was ao spot of premed prepared for the growth et liberalism. But when the Liegdorm of Heaven mime dews epos earth, thee famed ep liberalism for the first time, end embodied itself far a type in Herod, who would fain have deetroved the Babe of Bethlehem ; sad it has held its sittings on Geed Fridays ever sines.' A NoVILL WAY TO MOTS • WINDMILL—The someerbst Lovsl operation of movie; a windmill bodily, by mesas of oxen, has been going oe during the week. The windmill in rtneetioe. called Taylor's mill, used to steed at the top of Hielimood.bill, near the Park House. It i. sew a coesidweble distance to the north of its old resting s. I aid has sot yet, we believe, reaelsial it. destiaatiee.— Sasser Times. trbe Court. 08B01INE, Dac. 30. Sir Henry Holland and Dr. Watson arrived at Osborne to-day by command of her Majesty, to receive her Majesty's acknowledgments for their cue and attention during their attendance upon the Prince Consort. Sir James Clark arrived yesterday. Dr. Jennar remains at Osborne in attendance. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governors of Mills, Ceylon, and Hong Kong. O),IDOLENCE WITH HSI: MAJEITY. OXFORD, Lcc•.:tkl. A highly influential meeting of the nobility and gentry of this county was held this afternoon in theCou*ty hall, presided over by the High Sheriff (Henry Birch Bey minima, Fag.), when the following address of oondolsoos, proposed by the Duke of Marlborough, and seconded W the !tight How. Joseph Warner Henley, Esq., was carried with great solemnity : " To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, " We, your Majesty's loyal and dutiful subjects, noble ram, gentlemen, and other inhabitants of the county of Oxford, assembled in the County-ball by a notice from the high sheriff, this 30th day of December, ls6l, desire most humbly to approach your Majesty with the assurance of our devoted affection for your Majesty and your royal family. " Deeply affected by the sudden and mournful event which leads us with sorrow and condolence to the throne. we humbly beg leave to addreas our heartfelt sympathy with your Majesty in the unspeakable lose you have sustained by the death of his late Royal Highness the Prince Con sort, the memory of whose exalted character will be held in reverence by the latest pi:Moray. " No name in Eogland has ever been more preeminently emaciated with the most honourable distinctions, and no loss has ever plunged the nation into grief more profound. " It is our most earnest prayer that God in His mercy may long spare your Majesty's life, and that the affliction with which, in His wisdom, He has seen fit to visit your Majesty and your royal family, may be attended with that solace He alone sable to afford." Amongst those on the platform were the chairman, his Greco the Lord-Lieutenant, the Earl of Effingham, the Lord Redeadele, Baron Camoys, Right Hon. J. W. Henley, M.P., Sir George Henry Dashwood, Woad North, M.P. ; Hon. J. N. Fianna, IL B. Moralism, Fop., D.C.L., Rev. P. Winter, D.D., Messrs. Aahharet, Lane, Morrell, dtc. The CHAIRMAN mad a letter from the Bishop of Oxford, stating that bay* unavoidable business to attend to be could not possibly be present. TORQWAY. In compliance with the sanction and concurrence of a large number of the inhabitants of Torquay, a public meeting wee convened at the Town-ball, on Saturday last, by R. B. Sheppard, Esq., chairman of the Local Board, for the purpose of agreeing to an address of condolence and sympathy with her Most Gracious Majesty, upon her late limessemest. A. B. SHIMED. Esq., took the chair ; there was also a large samba of the inhabitants present, when it was moved by If. C. M. Phillips, Bp., and seconded by the Rev. It. It. Wolfe, that the following address be adopted and promoted to her Majesty. It was also agreed to, that the address (which was signed by all present) should be left at the town.hill for signature: "The humble and loyal address of the inhabitants and residents at Torquay, in the county of Devon. " We desks to approach your Most Gracious Majesty on the en d attachment. We melancholy Occasion with feeling's of profound " e beg respectfully to offer to your Majesty, and the member* of your Baguet family, the sincorest expressions of our condolence and sympathy upon the great and sad bereavement your Majesty and your royal family have suffered by the Owens of his Royal Highness the Prince Como& We desire also to express our deep sense of the seven, loss which the British nation has sustained by the death of his Royal t Highness Whine didiegoilted virtese Wen • f i tt . example to all , sad whose anxiety to augment the and happiness of your Majesty's subjects, more es pecially by promoting the interest of education, science, and art, has been manifested on so many oocasions. With these our expressions of sympathy and condolence, we desire to unite in eeriest prayers that by the assistance of Almighty God your Majesty and your royal family may be supported under your present heavy allictioo, and that your mast Gracious Majesty may he spared for many years to receive the loyal homage and devoted affection of your grateful and attached people." The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield and Lord Stanhope passed through town yesterday, from speeding the Cbriettoas with the Earl and Counter of Carmarvas, at their seat in Wiltshire. The earl and countess have gone to Rretby Park. Load Stanhope has repaired to Melton Mowbray. The Earl and Countess Delawarr have left Boum* Hall, their mat in Cambridgeshire, to speed a few days with Mr. H. Rummell, M.P., and Lady Elisabeth Rumen, at Oakley Park, Bedfordshire. The Earl Grey left town at the close of the past week, for Nioe, to join the countess, who has arrived in that city from Florence. It is not the intention of the seri and countess to return before the first week in March. . The Earl of Hopetoun has armed at Long's Hotel. Viscount Stratford de Radcliffe is sojourning at Um Bristol Hotd, Brighton. Lord Dufferin arrived in town on Saturday from visiting the FAH and Countess of Carearron, at thewlore, Wiltshire. Lord and Lady William Powlett have arrived in tows from vigil% Lord sad lady Harry Vane, at their mat is Ream Sir William and Lady Freeatun have arrived at their residence io Glosoaster-aquara, from Weymouth. Sir Alexander and Lady Arabella Bannerman have arrived at their seat in Scotland, from visiting at Eaton Hall, Cheshire. Colonel tho Ron. W. P. and Lady Emma Talbot Lary arrived at the Fed of Derby's resnisnos, in St. ihroseresquars, from Knowsley, Lanonskins. We (Sussex Advertieer) learn with extreme regret that Lord Pevassay, ILP., has bass attacked by r►ere ilium at Paris, whither, we understand, the Earl said Constant of BMW& have been sniamoced, sad where they are now in smile= attendance upon his lordship. The noble lord is.said to be suffering from a dangerous attack of fever. The special evening services at St. Paul's Oaths dial will recommence on Sunday out, January S. Preacher, the Lord Bishop of Loudon ; preacher Jan. 12, the Rev. J. R. Woodford, Vim: of Kempsford. This being New Year's Eve, a special choral service will be celebrated at 10.30 p.m., at St. Paul's _ . Walwarils. The Federal journals give ea account of the ro mantic escape of a Federalist gentlemen named Andover', who, with his family, were assured in Texas by the Con federates. He was Imprisoned at St. Antonia, and his family were sent to the Mexican treatise to find their way to the Northern States. Mr. Anderson made his escape from prison during a dark and relay night. He tra velled aloes through prairies sod jungles inh►bited by Coesumbes Indians aid wild beasts, and at length arrived at Monterey. General Vidaurri seat him from theses to Tampico, where he got as board the Royal Mail steamer Clyde, and reached Havanaeh. There he unex pectedly found his wife sod family, from whom he bad bees separated, and be states that he wee treated with the utmcst kindness by the Akira of the Clyde, notwithstand ing the &Emir of t►e Trent. The rebel schooner W. Mallory arrived at Havannah on the 6th inst. from Mobile. She would have brought a cargo of cotton, but the authorities at Mobile would sot permit it. Vessels ate clearing at Havasnek every day for Southern ports, and very few of them are raptured. They carry cedes, for which they mike large profits. The New York papers say that the famous rebel steamer Sumter escaped from Martinique through treachery on the part of the commander of the Federal aas•ef.wsr Iroquois. . . It in estimated that in nine jeers' time the popula tion of Victoria, is Australia, will be ewe aullioa. In 1836 it was under two hundred. The Prefect of the Haute-84one (France) has sus pended a cerement schoolmistress of that dapeetaaat, ea the greead fiat, in making a collectioe for the Pope, from house to bowie, without due ►uthorieatioo, she bad failed in her duty towards her superiors and infringed the :Moistens' ioatruotioes, which forbid such collections. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. PURCHASES OF ARTILLERY IN EUROPE FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. (FROM OOR OWN coalzaromure.) HAMBURG, Mc. 29. The Hamburg-A merioan Company's screw steamer Hammonia (under the Hamburg flag), Captain Schwensen, started on Christmas-day from this port to New York direct, without calling at South ampton as usual for the American mails, having been specially chartered for the exclusive con veyance of a valuable park of artillery, purchased by the government of the United States from that of Austria. It consists of eighteen splendid new rifled cannon for field service, of a novel make (the invention of an Austrian:artillery officer), with the gun carriages, ammunition waggons, and all other appurtenances complete, together with a large quantity of the ammunition required for the battery. The whole arrived here by a special train from Vienna rid Berlin, and was immediately shipped on board the Hammonia. It is stated here that she is to call in at some port (place not specified), to take on board a body of armed men as • protection in case of need. It is to be hoped she will not chance to fall in with the Nashville, or any other of the Confederates' cruissrs ; for in case of being overhauled, there can be no doubt of her being taken and condemned, for having on board contraband of war, which would prove a most fortunate windfall for the confederacy of the South. Of course great secrecy has been observed about the shipment till the steamer was fairly off, and ploughing across the Atlantic to her desti nation. AUSTRIA. A letter from Vienna states that the absence of the Emperor in Venetia will be longer than was at first mentioned. His Majesty will remain there until the 12th or 15th of February, and will stop for a fort night or three weeks at Verona. The Archduke Reviler, the letter adds, is to be invested with imperial powers during the Emperor's absence from his capital. ELECTORAL IiESSE. The result of the elections in Electoral Hesse are already sufficiently known to show that the new Chamber, with the exception of three or four voices, will call for the Constitution of 1851. An address to the Elector is said to be in preparation, in which it is declared that the persons signing it will never admit the legality of the suppression or modification of the Constitution by the Federal Diet. THE PRINCIPALITIES. The Roumain chambers (Moldavia and Wal lachia) united are to meet at Bucharest on the Gth February. (awria's ram.zowia.) ITALY. TURIN. Dec. 31. The Italia gives a denial to the statement made by the Diriao that a parliamentary deputation had given advice to Baron Ricsaoli in reference to the present state of things, and says that the ministry have resolved to pursue the policy they h►ve hitherto followed. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nom oua owx PARIS, Yoxa►T Emma. The tone of the note in the Monitrier, touching the late article in the Patric, is singularly adapted to confirm the general belief that M. de la Guar ronniere is privately employed by the Emperor to propagate liberal ideas not sanctioned by his Ma jesty's present official advisers. Observe how mild is the rebuke—if rebuke it can be called—" The article is conceived in an excellent spirit," but it is calculated to "provoke controversy " about the constitution. Controversy, therefore, and not the article, is the thing deprecated. The Napoleonic conservatives in the cabinet are not strong enough to get a word inserted in the Moniteur against the Guerrounißre article ; but they have the consols tion of being allowed to warn unauthorised writers that they must not put their own interpretation upon it. I observed yesterday upon the silence of the press —the Pays only excepted—with regard to such a startling article. The Presse says, to-night, on that subject : The Pays only, by virtue no doubt of its independence, Itas dared to disturb the general silence ; it spoke indeed only to remind its fellow labourer of the bumble position common to both of them. M. Grandguillot's method of combating M. de Leusi:Ans is singular. It consists in opposing to his arguments private conversatioes with M. de la Guerronnihro. We have no wish to interfere in this , family (panel. But the occasion seems to us good to point out how inconvenient it is to speak openly before men who are in the habit of taking notes. . But while I am writing I get the evening's number of the Patric, which fully explains the reason for the silence of the press about its article. M. de la Guerronniere's organ, with a hardihood which again proven that he draws his inspiration from sources super-ministerial, lets the cat out of the bag. The " black man," of whom I, an irreverent foreigner not imbued with the " fun damental principles " of the constitution of 1852 have so often spoken, but who was never be fore, to the best of my recollection, alluded to in any French journal, has been round. To the utter confusion of the repeated diplomatic assur- MOM that there is no such thing as a censorship of the French press, the journal confessedly " in spired" by the Emperor's favourite amanuensis, proclaims that all the papers iu Paris were " in vited" neither to " reproduce, discuss, nor even mention" the article of the Patric Under these circumstances, the Patric says that the "French press and public, whose appreciations are so deli cate and so intelligent, will understand why it makes no answer to its single opponent." The opening of the legislative session, which the Moniteur itself announced lately would probably take place towards January 15, is, I understand, put off till quite the end of the month, in conse quence of the impossibility of getting the budget ready sooner. It is wished to present the budget very early in the session, instead of towards the end, as has hitherto been the practice. The Bonne was heavy, with little business doing. The American news, vague and unofficial as it is, was road badly, and but for the firmness of con sols there would probably have been a considerable fall. As it was the Reute declined 10c. for cash, and llsc. for account, closing at 67fr. bc. and 67fr. 10c. Mobilier fell sfr. The Italian Loan rose 200. The Orleans Railway rose 3fr. 750., but the other lines were from lfr. 26c. to 2fr. 50c. lower. The Courrier du Bas-Rhin states that the Minis ter of Finance has just sent orders to the Stras burg mint to coin two million of francs in pieces of lfr. and tiOn This measure is hailed with great satisfaction, as tradesmen in the east of France have recently been put to considerable inconve nience by the scarcity of small change. actin !lel3Pl ant. that There is now, and for the last four or five days there has been capital skating on the lake iu the Bois de Boulogne. Great pains is taken with the ice ; dirt and sleet is swept away, and every night the gardeners' water-engines play upon the surface, so that there is a perfectly virgin coat of smooth ice iu the morning. At one end of the lake hundreds of men are at work all day breaking the ice, for the double purpose of leaving a apace for the ducks and swans to swim in, and supplying the ice -carts, which iu great numbers are laying in a provision at the large Ice houses near the artesian well of Pansy. It is a curious sight to see the loading of the ice in the carts. Great blocks are hooked out of the water upon a wooden platform, pushed down an inclined plane, broken in a few moments into convenient pieces by knocks of iron-pointed spuds, and then shovelled into the carts. It is an animated scene. which attracts many spectators during the beautiful dry winter weather which we are enjoying here. It appears that the temperature is much lower in the Upper Seine and the Haute-Marne than in Paris, as is proved by the fact that the Seine ur the capital was on Saturday morning covered with small masses of ice constantly coming from the upper part of the river. Yesterday morning in Paris the thermometer of M. Chevalier stood at 6 2-10 below zero Centigrade (22 2-3 Fahrenheit, and at noon at 2 7-10 below zero C. (271 F.) The Saone is so full of ice that the steamer which runs between Lyons and Chalons was obliged.to put bask to Lyons the day before yesterday, in consequence of the passage of the river being in terrupted. The Minister of State has determined to have a Fine Arts Exhibition at Nice in the spring. , ITALY. (ROY • min..) Although the attention of England is now so absorbed in the question of war or no war with America, you will not lose sight of the present position of Italy. Nations are generally formed byextensions or collections round a centre nucleus ; Italy, on the contrary, is forming ontaide the nucleus, which nucleus is retained in the paternal grasp of a friendly power ; whether to be exchanged for an idea, as Savoy and Nice, or to be retained as a perpetual internal guarantee of good conduct, is only known to one mind. This continued occupa tion of Rome, so contrary to professions of peace, neutrality, and non-intervention, is more degrading to France than to Italy. An unreasonable jealousy of Piedmont mitts throughout Italy, and this feeling must increase rather than diminish until Rome is its capital, True, every man should know that any sacrifices he or his city have made are really for Italy, great and united. Ou this one point all parties are agreed, the difference of opinion being as to how the end is to be secomplished : the ultra red party is for extreme measures, • prompt demand for evacuation or a general armed rising of Italy against the French ; the government and moderate parties advocate delay and dependence on the good faith of their ally, who has already done so much, and whose soldiers have shed their blood for Italy. The former argue that discontent is rampant, that if the people cannot get the opportunity of venting their turbulent energies against an enemy, they will disturb the country with incessant hneestea, that Garibaldi is the only man worthy of confidence, and that the present government has shown itself unfit for both home and foreign affairs. The govern ment supporters argue that in no case can they at tack France, and that the Roman question must remain unsettled until it suit the pleasure of the Emperor to arrange it ; as to Venice, the army is not yet sufficiently organised. It is my belief that the moderate party are steer ing the best course at present; and that the Chamber of Deputies gives its support to this course is proved by the late large majority on the vote of confidence in the government : opposite parties are not organised in Turin as in our House of Com mons, politicians have to be trained as in other professions, and it will yet take some years before all the representatives of Italy have acquired the requisite experience. This state of affairs must neces sarily throw influence into the hands of the party in office, and snore therefore depends on the proper use of this influence. Whether Baron Ricasoli can hold the reins of power much longer is very doubt ful, his efforts to procure a Minister of the Interior have so far failed, and newspapers which wrote for him a week since, are now veering round. I carefully studied the debate on the vote of confi dence, and my opinion at the end was, that the government was mainly right, the statements of their past and future policy were able, and the attacks of the opposition were merely attacks, and not suggestions of improved action or practicable changes. Probably the most important object for Italy at the present moment is the possession of Rome ; but as this seems almost impracticable, her govern ment is perhaps pursuing the wisest course in seek ing to organise a powerful and efficient army. One may dislike the system by which this army is recruited, and believe that conscription ought to cease at the same time as despotism. The time for compulsory service is not long, but the sys tem must always press heavily on the poor man and not on the rich. I regret to ob serve come tendency to restriction of the liberty of speech and of the press, having lately read that a number of the Coatemporanen at Florence was sup pressed ; and in the Nazioot of the 24th there is a notice that a penal action ix about to be com menced nastiest Gavazzi for some remarks in jurious to the government, and I understand lie gives up his weekly lectures in conse quence. In the same paper it is stated that an action is likewise to be commenced against a clergyman who also made remarks in a sermon injurious to the government. Such a mis taken course as this gives offence, not only to lovers of liberty, but also to two opposite parties—the republican and the clerical. One would wish to see liberty practised in Italy as with ua .• -- • abolition of passports, a n,i -- of mooed. THE WLVDE The inquiry ts eleventh time. Mr. Henry Job' examined by Mr. F in reference teen that year I was we his face bruised as the bruises ware He =et* my sur got a touch of a La told him be would; said be was going tc must go that aftern be must keep very q of communicating II for to ffelbrigg site I saw him aud Mrs He told me he was diarrbca. I went a were at breakfast-- and two ladies, I be he was bettor. At win the next day. ; Mrs. Windham CAMS I left without seeing afternoon, and the se letter which I produ brigg, Sept. 21. L her own medical ma I em sorry for th W. F. WLNINIAII. From what I have see case to be one of pi think he is able withi self and his affairs. Cross-examined by : was an ulcer. Mr. Pe Mr. Windham with I some conversation w sequence that I 'spike arisen. It wade no di the bruised' had occurr nom, nor have I moil that which I have pro genital. I form that beard, coupled with I myself seen alone, as an opinion. I have bi Rwer.andned by k to whether the Imbed quire to have known t B 7 the Jury—l hay d c zto i L im th h elast 12 m Dr. Fortin' I tenT n los given my attention put. On the lichen(' Justices, I, in comps in the presence of Dr. by the Lords Justices I have real the genet the medical affidavits. points suggested to m views with him at my interview extended an hour. The bite the day. Both lai I put questions to kin wife previous to his a put to him as to the his wife before narrial had been a kept woe he did not see why t marriage, as other mei had with impunity do one very well known as to the state of his b bad been alleged th time of bis marriage venereal disease, and which it bad been see mistake ; it is nil is nothing bat an ab was made as to the a the disease to his wife , e t4 tb viz e .t, amount 7c mPe about jewe l ler y t lohene,o cation for the injury unusual thing for bust of that descnptioe, an him to give. He said he could afford it. T boars was necessarily Sometimes I put a question, and it was w Windham to give his thoughts upon That to some extent nu prevented its oontinui gentleman, whose name with Mr. Windham'a I mentioned tie name been living with Mrs nave, and said that Mrs. Windham's he marriage. He said the same house but h Some reference was ma boots at his (the gentle could learn from Mr. house on the night referred to and 1 stood that it was • where she lived. Iso the impropriety of a pi was not at all 1 been living with • 11; of the marriage, wool house with her without them Rimini take that view of I the namelof another she had cohabited sines Leered a statement th cohabited with anothe bited previous to her in of her adultery witl had determined to vane Court. I lap plication of that kind married her with a ful life. He said he did D tion at all. I u that he had lived of adultery, and t offence had been coo& to any proceedings general manner and • the inipreasion that of applying for td I spoke to him about h anything like an exact certainly amounted to more. He led me to main were contrite give me no idea of the fresh bills were comm state of alarm that be spoke to him about his estate. I told him this of timber ou his so ; that hie Maim means of incressin the price he got. I if that was the real him I understood that Is. a foot was wort) take. One shilliog (The witness was sod liberty practised in Italy as with ua ; a complete THE LATE PKINC abolition of passports, and no restriction on freedom high medical circles t of speech or the press. carried off by typhoid If Italy succeed in closing round the nucleus, so wonderme n t. more es p as to ensure possession, she must do so na much by attended by four of tin force of principle as by arms. She is now about scar of whom, Dr. Jet this disease. It is sue try one of the moat dangerous of all experi- bility the Prince's lihi e mente—the imposing new taxes on an unsettled the instructions of Ills and discontented people. By the word discontented he was extremely avers, I do not mean that the people wish to return to the in such a case, sustainii old system ; far from it ; but, unfortunately, the cost the cure—and that be of living has been somewhat increased of late years, the W ednesday completely pr before ostrated the harvests have been only mediocre this season, Prince's aversion to iii, new taxes have been imposed, and the conscription arose, it is stated, from actively enforced. If, in addition to all these griev- doctrine be was for so anus, liberty is curtailed, the natural cry of the adherent A day or , Highness Mr. Theed, people will be, " What have we g r ained The re- • Castle, by' the Queete, trograde or stand. still party say the people are not wish that a east of the ripe for freedom—they would abuse it ; so said the this was accordingly d anti - abolitionists at the time of West Indian eman- the position of th e hen Mr. Tbeed then expires cipation, and so say the friends of slavery in take a cast of the Prin, America; and so to the end of time will it be said. that her Majesty aeon There are many, let me add, that have always loved face is said to be most • Italy, and wished to see her quite free, who would Bowers emit from Golan now like to bear that Mazzini, the man who with deceased Prince, is au of Inrernem C.ltrirr i all his great errors has ripened Italy for unity, , •• A RIVAL Tp AJLO had received permission from his King to return ton Philtiarmouic Hall to his native country. This would be au act both Ant appearance of M. grateful and politic. Such a man is much more from Paris. The pert° dangerous as an exile than could be his republic- ivsPize are of an extra, iuiiam in his own country, especially now when th°As executed by the that theory is at a di sooun t. wrinkle AT THE E peed upon the street struck work yesterday, dome were expected to The Chambers of Commerce of Havre and other is not expected to hoof maritime porta have applied to the French Minister of WHOLEMALI SHE Marine to have came mewls of war appointed to carry mentioned • littl e ti me out French merchandi s e d es ti ne d f or America. The ling' had been stol en f rom vi Biddenden withi n a f ee dish and American vessels which have hitherto performed 30 were carried off, as that duty having ceased to ran, and France not having any away without leaving a transatlantic steamer, the vessels of war applied for would, is high time some ma serious robberies. The from their neutral character, it is urged, be of great maw Society in the neighbou Inc., and French marchaats would not be liable to see their Ma —South, Basfern (Ai relations with arestimeatirely interrupted. a