The Press. — London, England, 1853-11-26 00:00:00

702 TILE RUSSIAN ARMY OF OCCUPATION. A GENTLEMAN who loss just ri ttn u d tip Paris from the Danubian pmviuctoo oopeakm of the Ituoodan army of wen palling by no means flatteringly. If the entire army I*' like what he has seen, he thinks there is not the slightest reason for Adam at the ttttt horde% the I:xtu. ix said to hare moiler anus. The regiments he saw were, with OM exception (he hail lint Well the lituSlA% the 'most wretelacil kind—most of them young hula, sii.klv looking, haggard, feeble, badly clad, and badly fel may staud to be killed," he says, " but it ix astonishing to me how the y eau kill any one." The tounalwrs the F.noperor of Russia eau draw upon are, to Is cure, minima mi) . VII, and, in a service when neither the comfort of the men is odan.d for nor the slightest value set on their lives, there are always thionaands upon thousands dragged to supply the places of those whop perish by the neglect of their otlieers and the rapacity of their co • sariat, who have more regard fur brute l.escts than for human hidings. Tta! corps of Commack% are principally composed of young men about 111 or 17, whim the hogs. of plittailer animates. Otherwiw the wittier% nob in all directions ; and the authority in question states all of it sergeant major who was Hogged by order opt his cominamling not precisely because he robbed, but because he rill/he'd Island what was permitted to him rank in the army. The eondition of the Wallaellian peasant% he deiferibes us most deplorable, plundered as they are by Isnards as well as Russians. A party of three or Aim. Frew.' do happened, a abort time ago, to make ina oActiraiiiii for t h e purpose of examining tinalser for the thin.' 'opt. As they ap proached a village they were surprised to laud 'wady the whole of the inhabitant» r oft' as fast as they coldd to the vitamin, and apparently in the greatest terror, one of the visitors galloped after thew, and, !within( up a plir,e full of money in his hand, cried out that he was to pay for anything he wanted. After coine parleying they osinsented to return awl imply the travellers with mires) dot, and weer 11111114.11 When they received !Holstein. Ito a wool, the Condit' of the mobortounati. itilimilitants of the exisoseil as they see to the tetokr Hugel.% of the soldiery awl to ihoatestio oisißresshot, is inelanehooly Iwyond ileseripti .—,Parim Paper. '1'1t:11►4: 'l'o► AUSTRALIA. A anti important alteration' Ints been perceptible, within the part few clays, in the eliaraeteroof the Australian I roule. --- The late rhinor in the markets of the (Nagai). from lA eesmivo buoyancy null hileellildisall to the ordinary 1.111111111• of busilieW4 has bad the etl'eet of '• %%coaling" the trails. sal 'Nearly sill atoms who 111.1 . 111.1. 111111 11111.11111111111111 %%111 1 11. The vlreet of this reset • has hewn seen by the very quiet pro. gress of tniale, and the fall in freights during the last two or three months. There 11E11 111/W. 111/WVV/.1., 1.V1111.1114.14 111 . 11 111,1V111 111 11'01111111W 1/11/11111.SN. 1 . 111. 111111111111 I . ol' tb ge has during the last fa.w allays sensibly increased, anal in eiilltiellltellee freights have milled 61 1111.1 1' \ll.llt 14 I . l'lllll IA to 211 per relit. 61101111 V 1 Well Well. Shipped btrlc at IlOs, per ton could Mit now tie put sill b.nutl till' LOSS 1111111 Vbs. to s4ls. for Melbourne and S)altary. Thera , is, indeed, no probability of the Alistnaliatt etolonies being in waist of adequate supplies 111 goods Or merchandise of buy kind. For the future the traile a ill lae m 41110411 with less excite ment and speesilation, atial aith more il.glilarity HMI last ing Iwnelit to the manittheturers, Marl Millet', Mer chants, anal shipowners of this a try. The amnia wants of the severs/ isalonies will in future he better known, anal supplied with .l. certainly. The enormous increase to their popidati Millet' the illsesiVel) gishlesifllloilleil With the maid 111441810 W Or prosperity to the eolonists, has neces sarily vaulted a much greater 14111,41111114 hill of bur manufac tures than would litherwist. have lieell the Oise. The Aus tralian dependencies ale dratintvl to be Of mita+ greater important... to the Heather county 1111{11 they have yet been. They will attract and absorb the surplus isaptilatisat, anal make thousands also were belt are is it Willits her re soirees isintributely largely Igo her individual still national wealth. Poverty in England will be exchanged for rem fort, independents., eaampetenee, anal wealth it' .kustralia. The departure of eileh emigrant Will lessen the natisanal burdens at home. Wall to the hill/0111011'e Of Australia, anal illervass. astir Snide with the col • .s. the sla,velaap -1111.111. of their litillerld rrsuurces will he the alitigl'elit • of sill new the no less imporlunt 111111 eXtellSit e advantages presented in the alevelaq 'tat of her agricultu ral eellstileee% Gill hut he Ilegleelesi. it has heel, 111•011111 that of the manly thousand-a of pt.rtss MN Wlll/ 1111V1.1.11111;114tell tll Australia. a Meat ulnuhrr areto t ► lly' unfit for the dig gings. anal the necessary labour, incomenienees, :anal hand ships of a lalwrions life. All, therefore, also are 1111,4111ted fair the one will eSelltlially lulapl thelle4elVes Its shltleeK, supply the sleticieney felt in the general lalsoltr illill'het, MO VS clonally qualify themselves for successful agriculturists, tradesmen, and inechaities. The induce• maids advt.'s' by Australia to the practical estpitalisst. told sole : a nd to work I;ar pi e sc h t competence and Ware ease. toe great that they must in titue withdraw from the United Kiticaliiin such a portion of our overcrowded population AS Will l'elleVe the lieeNSltre felt at home, and supply the waist e‘paTietieeal in the colo nies. The advantages whieli will be gained la) this result are t 1111 l old, sal will he pertililliellt. With the increase of population and capital, and the diffusion of industry through the colonies, there aill be the %%ant of more direct and Certain rbt'tl►tlltaitgntbu &Owl poine to p o int. Thi s will produce the demand for, anal curlier the formati 111 l of, roads—a matter whirls is essentiall necessary to the Kw per and early spread of the population anal the prosperity of the colonists. This already forms Is proluinrut subject of tileseittosioti itt the colony. MO the hope is expressed that. as England will be so greatly benefited by their progress, the home 04nel-finical will aid is effecting Ousels speedily as possible, THE PRESS. MR. THACKERAY AND HIS AMERICAN CRITICS. Ten: following is the letter of Mr. Theickeray, on which we have commented in another column : " Sir,—Allow me a word of explanation in answer to strange charge which has 114411 brought against me in the I:tiited States, and which your New lurk ciim ! ,,ponilent has made public in this country. lis the first number of a periodical story which 1 am now publishing appewrs a scidenee in which I should never have thunght of finding iitly harm until it had been ills. VIA I'll 4 by some critics titer the water. The fatal words are these : " ' When pigtails grew on the barks of the British gentry, and their wives wore eusitionki Ott their heads, over *Melt they ti e d their owls hair, tool disguised it with rooter sod potoutum; whets ministers w eal in their stars and orders to the Ilona' of I'ot alnotss, sot the orator .d of the Opposition attacked *lightly the noble I. its Iha blue rilkossil; ,lieu Mr. wssitingtou was heading the naerieso rrhels With a courage. It llllldt be eddnlcss .l, N 4.111 by of 14 fetter 1.611444.,—there value to 1.4 oolou, out of 14 111 /11-11,111 ••••iiitto, Mr.; ,te. _ . . . • . "This. paragraph ha, been intetp►eted in An►eric•u a% au instill to 11itsliiitgtion awl the s hole Unit 01l ; and, frou the sadness 14,1.1 gravity with %%Well y o ur eo►'►•eslraoleut quotes ee►tain of lay words, it is evident he, too, thinks they have an insolent and Malicious meaning. " !laving published the .Imi-rival' critic's tstiument, per. mit the author of a faulty sentence to say what be slid mean, and to add the obvious I of the apologne which has been Ito oddly construed. I nui speaking of a young ale prentice I'u.. lag up to L1111(11111 list ween the years 17716441, and want to 111 4 011 a few figures of tits. last reittury. ( The illustrated 'wail-letter lit' the :limiter was intended to represent Ilsigartlim industriiins apprentice.) I fancy the old society with its buolog and powiler—llarri. or Fox thundering at I mill Nisi th asleep on the Treason" . bench— the newsreaders at the ciitti.esttaim talking over the paper, I owning that this Mr. Washington, who was leadillgthe 'Owls, was a cry courageous soldier. and worthy of a letter 1 . 1111/0 4 than fighting against King George. The imagi , s are at least natural and pretty consecutive. 1776—the people 711 1.4111d.11 in '7ll—the Lords and House of I' iu ' I.soril North—Washingtslll—what the people thought about IVashingtoll,--I 41111 thinking about ad. ill the 11141111 4 of common 14111141 . , is the iu.nit to 15. , 1? The satire, it' satire there be, applies to us at home, who called Washington ' Mr. 11•ashinglon ;' as we called Frederick the 4 treat ' the Protestant Item,' or Napoleon ' the Cot , siettn tyrant,' or ' tient.ml Bonaparte: Nerd I say that • littieslN were instrueted ( instil they were taught better manners 1 141 call Washington 'Jt r. Washington?' and that the .%ineriettuts were railed rebels dining the whale of that contest !kiwis :—of et Ruse they Were YAWN; and 1 should lilt/ . to know What lltdire Allll'6lllll WOlllll lint 11:1V, 1444'11 11 14•l„'1 in 111111 1'1111 4 4' ? ".‘s irony is 11/111 44 .1'11 4 115. all has littrt the feelings of kind fricuils whom I would not wish to 0410'1141 14'1 ale say, in perfeet litith and gravity. that I think the e a ts' for which Washington fought entirely illSt 111111 right, 111111 1111' ellalll4 1114111 ill/ . very noblest, purest, bravest, hi,t Of 4 iotrs: 11101. " Athenwitui, Nov. " W. M. 'ln 14 !sh:IIAY." LAIU AND SMALL CONSTITUENCIES. TO THE EDITOR OE " THE PRESS." Sir,—ln my letter to you last week 1 pointed out that the small boroughs of England ►►• ere the %iron hold of that negation of principle which is embodied in the existence of a colourless Administration. I showed that, with the great majority of those mem bers who represented the constituencies which con tain less than mor•a itusnnt:o electors each, the budget of Mr. Gladstone exceeded in popularity that of his predecessor. 1 felt naturally auxions to know if a similar result would arise on an analysis of the tootle in which all the members who represent the large constituencies voted on those two occasions. 1 was pleased upon investigation to find that the verdict of the large constituencies was the reverse of that of the small boroughs. The last parliamentary returns give 77 constituencies which contain more than morn ntousANn electors each ; of those 50 belong to the counties, t ) to the boroughs, and one to the Univer sity of Cambridge, and they return an aggregate of 1113 members. In the division of May on Mr. Glad stone's budget 01 voted with him, 77 voted against him, and 2-1 wen► absent; and in December 89 voted with Mr. I►israeli,Sit against hint, and 15 were ab sent ; thus giving the late Government a very de c isive majority in the larger constituencies over the Coali tion Cabinet. The mere suppression, therefore, of small boroughs, witl► the transfer of their representa tives as additional members for the large constitnett dies, will never be proposed, for the best of all possible reasons, that thereby the Tory party would be strengthened. If for the future a 101. annual rental occupation suffrage is alike to be a qualification in counties and boroughs, and the more populous con stituencies are to receive additional members upon the suppression of small boroughs, justice to the counties demands that the apportionment of such distribution should be based, not up►ot the number of electors in existing county constituencies, but upon the numbers they would contain with such an extension of their suffrage. 1 ant, your obedient servant, As Ex-M.P. Alm W. P. Au vi, of Blair Adam, who contested the representation of the counties of Chiekmannan and Kinross in 1,451, is about to proceed 1p India, as secretary to Lord Elphiustone, the newly-appointed tjuveruer 4.4l3onthay SATURDAY, jortign ant Colonial nttlligence. PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. Putts, November 24. Tin; Emperor and Empress continue the series of their magnificent entertainments at Fontainebleau. The following guests have just arrived :—His Excel ency the Marshal Minister of War, the British Ambassador, the Turkish Minister, the Ministers of Sweden, Tuscany, and Greece, and the Generals de Lourinet, de Lowtestine, 'bisque, Gado, Renault, Regnault de St. .lean d'Angely, the Marquis and Marchioness de Las Marismas, the Marquis and Marchioness d'Espenilles, the Marquis and Mar chioness de Reamer, the Count de :Horny, the Prince and Princess de Callimaki, the Count de Galve. The guests who have departed are the Prince Napoleon, the Princess Mathilde, the Prince Murat, their Excellencies the Ministers of State and Foreign Affairs anti Madame Drouyn de l'Huys, the Presi dent of the Senate, the Marshal commanding the army of Paris, the Ministers of Denmark, of Austria, of Saxony, of 'tussle, of Bolivia, and of Chili, Generals Feray, Soleil, de l'Etang, and l)aumas, the Prince anti Princess de Chimay, the Prince and Princess de Wagram, the Duke anti Duchess de I.esparre, tile Count and Countess Clary, the Marquis and Marchioness of Ely, M. and Mine. tiudin, the Prince de Beaufremont, the Duke tie Trevise, the Count de Lagrange, the Count Excelmans, M. Thourenel, the Marquis de Lezay-Marnesia, Horace Vernet, 31. Meyerbeer, M. Leopold Lehon. tin Sunday last their Imperial Majesties honoured by their presence a carrousel given by the oth Regi ment of Hussars, in the avenue of the Park. This military festival was favoured by very tine weather. On raised seats around the Emperor appeared the Prince Napoleon, the Princess Mathilde, the I )owager Grand Duchess of Baden, the Prince and Princess de Chimay, the Count de Walewski, French Ambas sador at the Court of St. James (just arrived front London), &e. &c., and the officers of the household of their Majesties. The inhabitants of Fontaine bleau and the surrounding parishes occupied seats in raised booths, or crowded the surrouuding amphi theatre. Before taking lAs leave the Emperor publicly testified his satisfaction at the skilful and elegant performance he hail witnessed to Colonel Ney, his aide-de-camp, commanding otlieer of this fine regiment. The Mon/leer cont rips an expoiot of the financial situation of the department of the Seine, presented by the Prefect, 31. 1 aussmatin. The debt at the close of the present year will amount to 7,069488 C, anti, on adding the deficit which is foreseen in 1854, the enormous amount of 5,400,045 f. is arrived at. The Prefect declares he has no means in his power to meet such an emergency, and that he is obliged to seek for a remedy in a higher region. The tioveni• inent of the Emperor is most seriously occupied with this state of the affairs of " the good city of Paris." A decree, dated from Fontainebleau, 22nd Noven! her, establishes for the future the duties to be levied on foreign coal and iron. These are sensibly dimi• nisheil, and a great boon is thereby conferred on the British interests engaged in these most important branches of our industry. Nor is this all that is to be looked for from the Government of the Emperor. It is but the first step towards a series of fiscal re ductions tending towards the establishment of free trade in France, but wisely and gradually brought about so as to inflict no injury on any class of manu facturers, and, above all, safe-guarding the interests of the agriculturists, the firmest basis of the power of the Crown. No news of a political nature is in circulation, and that which was put forth yesterday of the entrance of • the combined fleets into the Black Sea is rejected is spurious in welt informed circles. The incertitude which hangs over us as to the arrangement of the Oriental question, and the probability that its baneful effects will be extended over the whole winter, are most alarmingly felt by the mercantile community. However, a powerful C(011I• pany has been formed at Marseilles, who have found the capital required to build five or six iron colliers, of 1,400 to 1,5410 tons—screw steamers — which will be employed for the importation of Eng lish coals from Newcastle for the service of the numerous steam-boats in the Mediterranean. The reduction of the duties on coal will be of great lie ment to the projectors, Messrs. J. Vincent and Barry. - - The Court of Cessation has pronounced its judg ment in the case of the appeal from that of the Court of Rouen by the parties condemned in the a ff air commonly called " Des correspondances." 'rhe op peal is rejected in these terms That, under the circumstances, the Court of Rouen, having decided that the Prefect of Police had proceeded legally, and, far from violating any law in opening the private letters