The Express. — London, England, 1855-04-23 00:00:00

bimasoary. Cardinal Anton.lli's good luck sand him elope of all the cardinals present ; he was near the window, to which he clung for support, bet kis eminent brethren Marini and Patrisi wen @evenly bjared in their fall, as was the French general, and a great number of the Propaganda pupils. • Pio None himself descended unhurt, and sitting in his Papal chair, and was extricated from the wreck amidst ex clamations of miracolo ! miracolo! from all around. In gratitude for such an escape, his Holiness forthwith thvited all who were able to follow him to enter the church, and with a load voice intoned a thanks jiving to the Almighty, and afterwards receive:. iheeenoital benediction from Monsignor Tizzsni. Meanwhile the wounded were got out from the ruins, and conveyed to ,Rome in carriages, much to the surprise of the peaceful citizens who had assem bled at the gates, and were consternated to see so many priests with their heads tied up. Some dis abled jockeys were expected from the steeplechase, but it was supposed that the Pope'. excursion would be by no means so dangerous. An Irish Propaganda pupil boasts of having been the first to succour his Holiness, the same youth who was reciting a congra tulatory sonnet to the Pope when the floor gave way, and was consequently in immediate proximity during the descent to the regions below. The great carpet, which had been spread over the floor, is supposed to have Ihroitvn the Pope'. fall by rendering it more gradual, but, to whatever tutelar influence we may choose to attribute it, his Holiness certainly did escape safe and sound, and the Roman municipal council and senate, viewing it in the light of • pro digy, have given orders for a devout thanksgiving to the Immaculate Conception during three days, to commence on Monday next. The Pope's dogmatical definition will thus have another celebration, in addition td that of last week, when the Immaculate Conception was introduced Into the Easter fireworks. The girandola was entirely in character with the great ecclesiastical event of the season. Innumerable fire balloons, in the form of mitres, represented the congregation of prelates, and an illuminated temple, column, and statue of the " Immacolata," blazed forth with the inscription . 1 Vidimu- gloriam Otis." As the topic of the Pope's escape engrosses all con- 1 venation here, so it has engrossed all my sheet, and I therefore leave the consideration of other subjects until my next letter. THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA. (MOW Till CO/11SPONDINT Or Till DAILY 1111111) LIVERPOOL, BENDAT. This day the Royal Mail steam-ship Asia, Captain B. O. Log, arrived in the Mersey with the usual mails from the United States and British North Ame rica. She sailed from Boston on the 11th inst. and Halifax on the 13th, and has brought, besides the mails, 1: 7 passengers, and 7,300 dollars in specie on freight. The Union mail steamer, which sailed on the 14th ult., arrived at New York on the 4th inst.; and the United States mail steamer Baltic, from hence on the 24th nit., arrived on the 6th April. .0n the 12th, the Royal Mail steam-ship America arrived at Halifax; abs sailed from this port on the 31st ult. The Asia passed the Royal Mail steamer Africa on the 18th, from hence on the 14th inst. By the arrival of the St. Louis we have dates from California to March 16. She has brought 7,000 doll. in gold dust on freight. It is expected that Page and Bacon, backers, will shortly resume business, as the assets' are considerably above the liabilities. The commer cial wavers are unaltered. The mining amounts repotted exceedingly favourable, and the markets unchanged. The New York money market was abundantly supplied and easy, and stocks were firm and active (at the departure of the steamer). The cotton market was steady. The Bsltie's news wised a slight advance. The breadstuff market was upon the rise, owing to the small stock on hand and the light receipts. The market foe provisions was active, and ad vancing. Freights on the improvement. Exchange oa Loudon steady at 110. ÜBLANCHOLT DEATH OF THE LAST SENIOR WRANGLER OF CAMBRIDGE. Aa sabutdassat of unusual splendour was given bir elear sia =se Saturday seeming, in th e Egyptian to the Resist of the Seine and the Mat sad igyhdation of the municipality of Paris, who Milen mist M Eleinivis table by nearly 300 English guests, illiiiim IMO stayers of Hemel of the largest towns in the WOW& TM interest of the occasion was greatly en- Wt 4 anoaotanco that the banquet was, mit were , 'Oa Settemmidal connected with the impe r i a l visit, them 4opotation being on the eve of s e tti ng out fee Paris. be _gentlemen were for the most part arrayed i p !a ll ay " Zicial pAtume, and the eeese, with its asso ciations, wee one not may to be forgotten by any Wt. 3 were present. Among the company were Baron Clans man, Prefet of the Seine; M. Delscgle, President of the Municipal Connell of Paris; K. Thayer, M. Germain Thi bault, M. Felons., M. Mille, M. Ferrier dee Tantalise • the Earl of Cardigan, the Earl and Countess of Laneeberettels, Lord Chief Justice Campbell and Lull Strathedee, the Bishop of London and Mrs. Elonstleld„ Lientenant-General Sir John Burgoyne , Major•Genisral by Frederick Smith, General Llewellyn, M. le Bares de Vesasse, the Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Ba2ik . of England, the CAMBRIDGE, Aram 21. A great gloom has pervaded all members of the university throughout the day, by reason of the intelligence of the sudden death of Mr. James Savage, of St. John's College, who, at the 'lamination in January last, won, after a keen intellectual contest, the highest honour that his Alma Moder could bestow. From the beet evident.* that can be i gleaned, Mr. Savage left his rooms on Thursday morniag for the purpose of taking his customary walk, or, in Cain- i bridge term, his " eionststutional," and nothing more could be ascertained of his whereabouts until this morning, when i intelligence arrived in Cambridge that be had been found lying dead in a dry ditch biunding • Sold is the *coupe- Um of Mr. Toils, of Whittle Farm, neer this town. At , bellinst I this afternoon, an inquest was held at the Three Mesumbeas, Iladiogley, before Mr. F. Barlow, _county ismer, whoa, b the evidence adduced, it appeared that • labourer in Mr. Torus' employ was, with his brother, passing by the ditch above-mentioned a little before 7 a.m. this Wirridag, when he saw the body of deceased. The bat Mrs eff, and laid seas his head, with • pair of spectacles =ad a dkerchief lay near his feet. la ws immediately given to the astbarities, who hunk ages leetiollies, that tke deserted bad been Suet minted fro ta wn ting his m mass, m Friday meameg, whoa dmantors Welsher interned Mr. Courtney, me of Ms let eMe goals. that Mr. amp bad not slept in Ida „em cm ?Weep *M. Mr. Courtney immediately mgmbled Mk Yam" Wee M deemed, and doesseed's Wear, ea of rembeelts Calm% ef W dieapperseime, l e i m a r g L aftWe beetlier sleeted by mat hula ha Lab" M en if be MI lima beard el thee. Dammed wee a bellemist, end me of the game= is r . P. Mammy deposed that be bed mesa Ida is weed Meat lieMpast eleven ea Thursday same. 'egged z=ly by ia esomb gamin gekeeper for dowers. Deseseed, Man bees the that he was tragemeg and SW If be wanted Sewers Mem was pasty by the 'road side. west away la the Osaka of the gime whom be was filbsowords found. As mesaietion of tbe body mewled me Winders Ot Isar were Ikon any eases of a 2181011. Ilmseallver was found in deememers pockets, also • gel semortMegaimphor and ware, med„ ahem %W a ss' s hem Me heed of the issemeed. Men woe MP esetber snap phig empty, red preesateg w aliases W Ire miell of Maim matelmed anything deleterious. Dr maned who of wry ebelemlews and regalia habits, smi enjoyed geed beellL Ids. the Tharsall. e l= gees of Casheidge, who made the pee maim Om, said Oat the vessels of dm Mins wieder, et covering of tbe beak, were mach dumbed with blood, sad there was emit magestion over ho weds easfece. On reseniag the dew mares, a large ememea of eassawated bind wee head es the area of the brae, widish ease Lise ih reesated no appearance of Mime Thee we no that doesamod died from simian, The Phial= dosed seetelm e d s zli a weak salaries - of anaphor, merry gnome to rims thee menthe with. The Mbar phial wee perfectly elem. The Jery, wllbese bultation, retuned • verdict of—" Died by the Twos*. of Gee. - lb. Savage was is his 22nd year, a member of a Stafford shire family, sad was educated at University College, London. After the inquest, his remains were reamed to St. John's College, sad sea mark of hamar deposited in the Combination-roam, previous to removal foe interment in licatish-town. At the period of his Mame Mr. Savage was not a Fellow of St. John's, bat would have bees so elated at the first . It is but • few weeks glace the remains of the late Mr. Steel, second wrangler in 1854, and who also met a premature death, were deposited is the cemetery of Cambridge. The Seaman states that the congregation of Rea isll•etreet Free Church, Glugow, have given a unanimous WI to the Rev. Dr. CendHA. The Germania Diet has adopted resolutions of a mensclog charades se regards the modicum of liberty enjoyed by a few of the states. The Diet has agreed to demand of Hawava that her soastitatioa be so modified m to be %mem essayists hammy with the Federal laws,— s.guifying that in the meat of " difficulties," the Diet itself will undertake the task. It appears that while the Palace of Industry and the Palate of the Flee Arts will open at Paris es this let of Kay, the/ seriliuy Wary whisk will made isdastrial products of the three list peep, will set be epee to the pallor until Jame. Th• Deka and Dachas de 8w Coboarg and fa• l many ban urived at Brunie tram Leak& Chairman and Deputy-Chairmas of the Hen: the Rut raffia Company, Sir Charles Forbes, Ban., Sir Wil liams Newton, Sir John Potter, Sir Richard Mayne and Lady Mayne, Sir George Lee and Lady Lee, Sir George Smart; Muses. llasterman, M.P., T. Baring, M.P., S. Laing, M.P., T. Hanley, M.P., D. Waddington, M.P., Samuel Groom, M.P., Alexander Matheson, M.P., Wm. Williams, M.P., Apeley Peldatt, M.P., James Macgregor, M.P.; the Lord Provost of Glasgow ' the Worshipful the Mayon of Southampton, Dover, Bath, Cambriage, Leeds, Suffield, Plymouth, New:male, Windsor, Stockton, Ports mouth, Bristol, Baster, aed Nottingham ; Aldermen Sir Peter Laurie, Farebrother,:fiamphery, Sir George Carroll, &r James Doke, M.P., Sir John Musgrove, Hunter, Sidney, Salomon, Finnic, Wire, Cuter, Cubitt, M.P., Kennedy, Rose, and Muggeridge (alderman and sherd); Sheriff Crualey, the Recorder of London, Mr Henry Pow sell, and a large camber of ladies, members of the families of the gentlemen of the corporation. The loving cup hyng passed round, the first tout after that of " The Queen " was the " Emperor and Emprise." Is proposing it, the Loan MINOR observed that the past week was replete with events which would ever be Teresa. bend in the history of this period. The imperial visit had sealed toe most important alliance ever formed—the 'Mame with Freese, our ancient foe, our dearest friend. (Loud el e rzs r .4 4 llenoeforth it would be felt, in regard to th e t wo s that isiessmh could meet monarch, and oily rival mdt ether Is glee& • ill—(ebeere)—tbst nation could meet milikm, sad saly Mai each other in deeds of glory; that eft Maid Meet city, and only rival each other in imprommeot god lhopitality. (Cheers.) Their Majesties the Rapers sad impress had been welcomed with universal maths- Main And why ? Because in them the empire recoe. abed net only the sovereigns of France, but Frans herself. (Millh nesting) The It:sprees—that beautiful peeennese .4ffeeln) had won the affection of every mei them was no one resist, he believed, wh i cr a d r alit feel that that week would never be foettottn. H. now gave "The Emperor and Empress of Fenn." The toast was drunk with the most lively enthusiasm, testified by several salvos of Losses, the band plods' " Pedant pour la Serie," as, indeed, it did frequently la the course of the evening. The P f the Sams, on rising to reply (speaking in Eaglien), said—My Lord Mayor, this toast should rather have been acknowledged by his Excellency the Ambassador of Franoe,than by a simple member of the Paris deputatios. I regret very much that the official organ of our nation has been kept elsewhere by the duties of his office, having bees is attendance on the Emperor himself previous to his depar ture for France. (Hear, hear.) After what took plate la the ceremony at Guildhall I will not have the presureptio• to attempt to oedema the feelings of our sovereign towards &mind, and particularly towards this City. Any sash attempt could not fail to diminish the impression of that memorable event. (Cheers.) Bat I can declare, for myself and my fellow-citiseas, that the reciprocal feelings wide\ have been excited between their Imperial Majesties sail their royal hoots in this country will be to our minds a cos enmities of the slalom of England and France. (Cheers.) Henceforth, most certainly the two notions will unite for the promotion of science, isdustry, and trade ; and when.. ever their armies meet in the field of battle, it will he, as it is now, to fight on theoame side, for this security of nations and the peace of the world. (Mach cheering.) In conclusion, my Lord Mayor, I beg to propose a tout, and in doing so I place my band in your lordship's as a mark of my sincerity. [Here the Prefet grasped the hand of his lordship ; and the action, combined with the words which preceded it, elicited rapturous cheering]. The toast which I propose is, " May the frieadahip of Eng. land and Francest for ever !" (Renewed cheers, the toast being drunk with great co diality). The nest toast was, " Priam Albert, Albert Prince of Wales, and the rest of the royal family." The LORD MATOZ then gave, "The Army," coupled with the name of Leutenant-General Sit John Burgoyne, whom be warmly eulogised. Sir J. BUROOYNR, who looked well and hearty in spite of his advanced age, on rising to reply, was received with loud and reiterated cheers. He said—My Lord Mayor, ladies and gentlemen, the British army never onus to feel deeply grateful for such tokens of appreciation of its ser vine as are conveyed in this toast. At the present mosent ' especially that army is most animas to make its warm ackno wledgaients, not oily for such compliments as this, but for the inch more substantial favours which have been conferred upon that large portion of the army which is now serving in the Bast. I have been a witness of the many emforts which have been diffused among the army by the nteffeilleent contributions sent eat by the p'ople of Ibis Mestry. (Chart) I have also witnessed the gratitude id ii the army have felt for the warm sympathy whisk Ink osentrymen have manifested in their hardships and syringe. The ardour of the British troops before the enemy, their patience under the hardships which they have imbued, and the energetic efforts which have been made by tisk emlipmes to alleviate their sufferings, make ne feel posed of my country. But, while we shes vest to the feeling of national enthusiasm, wis mast not omit to express, in the presence M the gentlemen from Paris whom I see before our admiration of the noble and gallant conduct of our (Great cheering.) My Lord Mayor and conduces, O&M you have been exchanging courtesies with oar allies, IS you have done this evening at this board, I Can assure NS that the soldiers of the two countries in the Crimea ft.', in their own rough way, exhibited similar hoboes of isidiel amtaal respect, and hove exerted themselves ma ft lie melmill, ..c . f them, of sacrificing their lives tit issimil a mi.barbarous enemy. Thus MOW nit= I sa llof respect, and, if I may us suck a miimatal term, of affection towards each other even to tam du& In acknowledging the warm ezpreseions which base his sled by his lordship personally towards myself, I of seam feel some . The hardships which have boss suffered by our army, and the delay whin there has hen in our operations before Bsbastop-1, ham naturally glees rise to a feeling of dissatisfaction. An idea has tthat grave errors have been committed, sad that es been put neglect on the part of many superior elbow We have been subjected, in short, to a poet Mil of obloquy; and although we are Rip rirley the consciousness of Lorin endeavoured ear duty, yet I feel that under the cham eleons there would be some presumption in oar se which we may hereafter be thought mot : e=d. You have, my Lord Mayor, attributed Mme es impression which I could sot ken seed, namely, that the mere I looked at Sebastopol the lase I liked it. BebeelpW, no doubt, presents tone arms an enterprise n cnity, but I like it all the better forthet— aMs, ) — and I oat/ relintlhat I mild not stay in the to see the eel of Ha we I am sue will be aniewable to the allar• Ifs Loss Maros the small {sternums yid* bed lima ghee helms S. austie should be followed *Misr Ltss wave.. Meow So ambient of the two Olonlim (Hew, hem) Is bill sew to propose the ledik of one be repressalei eke skimps of Pasts— *, Pishet at the Beim, asi.-(The Lord Mayor here the Pnliest by the hisik-la again giving him a maim ~shook theft stallamen's hand with es and siossilly alike Prated had previously !it la shakes his. (Greet elmerfag.) The toast was most cordially responded to. The Furman of the Scuts, in replying to the toed, ==listo be allowed to abstain from any per. lassalf ia stammiolk with it, as any sash ' auks mil only toad to embarrass him while he at tempted to address them in English, OT even if Its were to Malta to address them in !WM. He shield, liewarm, yam& that, ossupylag ea he did ma gild peaks in Pram, the Tact of Ids having lien doped to visit the Lord 'tiger sad the ew =Levies ho the present eremites's. mid e m pealed mat sat the highest he... of his life. Im the seise of himself eel of his sempaaissm be mildly Healmi S. Lord Mayer, his ablemse, sad he masten Of the emassi smell he heft kind, their vaiwailient Lha the satimitibi attaatits villa bad been spa them blebs 'bee stay la this enetrepolls. WS Oendolellenele Malt would never be effaced glooli ; sod he wee ere he might say the sante e gab to t ether umber" of the deputation. The Exhibition in Paris would present to them an of manifesting in a more positive meaner it et the kindness of this reception. (Cheers ) NO omit somdaile by proposing u • tout " The Health Of Ss Lori Meyer of Loudon, the nisi magistrate of the Mho My —sew the dearest drier—of Paris. (Loud Toot having been fittingly received, LORD MATOZ Midi le brief sokeewledgment. Loan MAYO* then proposed "The President of the Pea Maaieipal OsseilL" ihs its taut WI bees duly honoured, lb. Penes! of tholivistarm. Comma, preeseded to adinewledge it I. Rani. Wards, he said, felled lie to any how deed, the dapsilatiest were impressed with the kind s= with which they had bees /egoista. He was hers at a Ms whoa the moms excited is Pram within la • Mime of asiieslly. But ems in de alike of l'aembie ma might Ms he essay: ro = sa ahem es isemy, themes it was Mina to We Ms. Bat, thank SA Preasima sad had at learnt to lee ess mane (Ohostr a i t l ir heleed Tees estiershiseL Ommause, beilasta, erae red dellastam, Itsd drams togehor those Mire greet Mier, who, whoa salted, Men melon of the meld. Their FELL BANQUET TO THE FOREIGN ranks wen eves, dal:bedialeg was mid net. .10.117 GUESTS OF THE LORD MAYOR. Weed. as they kteght ha aid dills feeble and for the init. IpinfieMIMMOMMOO. roars millkessi. standing on the sane battle lielkweee new missetai as mem their blood suit (Cheers.) Amass the meet gratifying 'seats with the alien of the to, messtrie• wee un iletablmily the megailesna the Emperor to and Bowe et Prase& Ora ir. = l l l l. ll r ea bli Unnielpslity of Pads be theaked the Lewd Mayer sad the on for the hoepitaity whisk had beam intended to his and him- self, and he hogs& that the opening of the Paris Exhibition would afford Mama" mmerbutby of further testifying their Platitude. He mmeleuM by peopceing " the health of the Lady Mayoress." The Loin Natoli, after a held athaowledgraent of the toast, ease " The Earl of Cirdligea sad the House of Lords." The Eld of CARDIOAS, ::;;;16,g. upivawu NN plea sure which he felt at meeting so many gentlemen who held offices under that great MAD who had just left the shores of England. As regarded the House of Lords, he felt that the great duty of its nimbus at the present time was, irre 'pectin of party feeling, to give that just and fair support to her Majesty's government which would enable them to carry oas the war with that vigour and energy which aloe. could nibble them to bring it to a conclusion consistent with the honour of this country. (Cheers.) As for himself, he warn deeply sensible of the kind reception which he had met with in that room on a previous occasion ; and he could not doubt that Bir John Burgoyne, who bad performed such eminent services in the Crimea, felt how gratifying it was for person. thus situated to meet with such manifestations of the good will of their fellow-countrymen. (Chien.) The Loan Mato& then proposed "The Judges," com bined with the name of Lord CampbelL Lord CAHPBILL, in responding, observed that previously to the union of England end Scotland, Soot:and end France wen always on friendly terms; but England and France had, until recently, indulged in mischievous rivalries, which he vies happy to see terminated, and he trusted that the @Waite cordiale would @outlays to animate them. The LORD MAYOR then gave " The Bishop of London," to which the right rev. prelate briefly responded. His LORDSHIP seat proposed " M. Thayer and the dept. *align from the municipality of Paris." M. Tuatna replied in English, reiterating at some length the sentiments of his colleagues, the Prefet and the Presi dent, with regard to the alliance of England sad France. Referring to Sir John Burgoyne, and to the service re cently performed by him before Sebastopol, he .bar reed that the experience of that gallant officer having been gained chiefly in fighting against the French, had lately been turned to account in fighting with them. Among the remaining toasts were " The Lord Provost of Glasgow," " John Mutermsn, M.P. for the City of L udou," and" The Sheriffs of London and Middlesex." The company broke up about 11 o'clock. ; MR. LAYARD IN LIVERPOOL LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY. The hoe. member for Aylesbury, A. H. Layard, Eaq , arrived in Liverpool last night, and has since been the guest of T. M. Mackay, Esq., one of the owners of the Block Ball line of Australian pockets. Shortly after noon to day Mr. Layard was introduced in the Bachange MOWS-104M to the leading merchants by Mr. Mackay. The owners of the Black 801 l line, anaions to afford the commercial public an opportunity of hearing Mr. Layard, invited about 300 of the principal mere..ants to a &femur on board their new clipper, the Donald lld'ffay, lying in the Coburg Dock. The entertainment was laid out in the between decks, which was decorated with the flogs of all nations, the most conspicuous being those of England, France, America, and Turkey. About 239 persons eat down to a very sumptuous repast, replete with all the deli cacies of the season. Mr. T. M. MACKAY occupied the chair, supported en his right by Mr. Le yard, the American Consul (Mr. Haw thoroe), and Sir Thomas Gresham; and on his left by J. B. Lloyd, Esq., en mayor of Liverpool, the French Consul, and Sir J. H. !Chihli, Bart. The mayon of Birmingham, Salford, and other urge towns were also present. . _ The Csainwaie proposed in sueossion the healths of " The Queen," " The Emperor of the French" (to which the French Consul responded), "The President of the United States" (the United States Consul, Mr. Nathaniel Hawthorne responded), "The Sultan of Turkey" (the Turkish Consul replied), " Prince Albert," "The Army and Navy" (Major S , mple and Sir John Heron Maxwell, Bart., responded), "The Mayor and Corporation of Liverpool" (in the absence of the Mayor, who was its London, Mr. J. 13. Lloyd, ex-Mayor, responded), and "The Consular Agents of Friendly Powers of Liverpool" (ecknow-ledged by Admiral Grenfell.) The CIiAIIIIAN then proposed the toast of the day, " The health of Mr. Layard." He observed that he did not know if there was any subject on which greater diversity of opinion existed than in what truly constitned a distin guished man. If he was to go on the Liverpool Exchange and sok the gentlemen there what were their notions of a distinguished man, one would say Lord Palmerston, an other Lord Derby. (Cheers and laughter.) Few would think of the merchant or manufacturer, who, by years and years of toil, enriched the commerce of the country— few of the enterprising shipowners who sent their vessels into every pert of the world, sad upon whose Sags the sun never sets, few would think of those amongst us whose open-handed liberality has not been the less because unseen. (Applause.) He (the chairman) did not in the least object to either of the noble lords he had named, or any other noble lords being milled dieinguished, but he drew a line between those whew psd liens distinguished them, and those who distinguished their positions. (Hear, heir.) Uncommon circumstances might smut roes arise to distinguish a common man, but hlr.Layard was far greater than that. He was an uncommon man In common circumstances. It would have been strange if, after the handsome offer made to Mr. Lsyard, previous to the last election, he had not desired to see Liverpool, the plans from which he had received such an offer; and he had willingly accepted the invitation to attend that day when given to him. After a rapid sketch of Mr. Leyard's life, and an eloquent alluoion to his discoveries at Nineveh, the chairman went en to say that the day had gone by when the people of England would rest content that the dins lion of the destinies of this great country should be contingent on family arrangements. (Hear, and applause.) He (the chairman) was no enemy to the aristocracy ; but this he did contend for, that the man put into oMee should Sc capable of fulfilling its duties. (Hear.) All that the middle classes asked for was "a clear stage, and no favour "—(applause) ;—and Mr. Leyard's memorable wade had become the proverbial words of the nation " the right' mesa in the right place." (Hear, hear.) It was Mr. Leyard's sterling honesty in not .allowing himself to be mauled by the acceptence of an ales for which he felt himself not suited, that had rallied around him the whole of the people of England, and proved that in polities, as is every other transaction of life, honesty was the beet policy. It was on this ground that be asked them to pledge a bumper to Austen Henry Layard, Easy., M.P. (Cheers ) Mr. LAYAHD rose and was greeted with the most enthu siastic cheering. After some preliminary observations, in reference to an allusion of the chairman's, he said that a deputation from Liverpool did him the honour of waiting upon him, au • resent occasion, and proposed that be should come forward to represent this place. He did feel deeply gratified by each an offer, as it was • flattering witness that he had, to some extent, fulfilled the duties he had mosined in public life. But when he bore in mind what all statesmen should bear in mind—that honesty was the best policy, he could not think of deserting that less constituency—which had always treated him with kindles and oonsideratioe—not withstanding the greater honour that might hive accrued from representing suck a large commercial town as Liver pool. Mr. Layard then spoke of the advaatages that public men derived from being introduced to the various com mercial and industrial sections of their country; and he ex pressed his double debt of gratitude to the chairman for his various attentions. With respect to the chairman's state ment that he (Mr. Layard) had commenced his earlier at en, it was not so, but in, perhaps, the move dangerous profession of the law. (Laughter.) Mr. Layard then briefly sketched the circumstances which had led him into public life. Not finding himself at home in the study of the law, he resolved to go to India, through a speech he once chanced to hear from the late Dialed O'Connell. But be got so further than Penis, when he thought of Intro ducing a much more extended &UM trade. After many adventures there, he was soge as the embassy of Constantinople, with Lend delledeMs. Retuning by chance to th is country about the time of the rise of the Eastern question, he was drawn late it, and the had he become somewhat of • public *Wei n. In other circumstances he should have mined himself to literature and science, of whisk ha wee lowly Nal. He must say that, baring passed mask of W aims abroad, be was not very wall acquainted with the preetied maitre of the British constitution at Mme; but he trusted that, be fore long, from being interred to suck gentlemen as were the* before his, he should berm better acquainted with them matters. With regard to public subjects, he liked, at web a moment es that, te dwell at very grea=g upon them ; but questions of gash vest importance WO at stake, that when he mouldered their relative position, be felt he might say • few wide upon them. He them strongly orumented on the appals that had been made In the north of Ragland to the eyeepthies gad pockets spinet the war, as unworthy of the gew~ lei IMMO principles which should actuate nurse. He dim mer& that state of things that made worldly peeeprity the standard of ap proval or diespprovel. He thought that a nation should Prasorm its reputation with the Wedgy of an indivi dual; said way meek of fit iallsews abroad de reegas wee nedend dressage. (" Hear," and theme ) e a weee may whip malimmell the war from motives of pity, and they werehl bur te teems of pesos. But be had • be here Btheetspek seer cl hie dearest triads wee in h e way end asay I he bed himself sees then bred. eed de that whisk MN NM thus seeking the bubble reputation at the careen% Reath—do their duty la the face of every danger and headship which could appal man—yet he felt that there were womb when sympathy should be repressed before the sterner worth of principle— of duty. (Cheers.) He thought the weeny was never Wore is sash a critical piths es at present. He did not west to ye into • minute Wary of the war, which he strongly held to be Pet sad asseseary, es was pima by a sushi study of the skewer leases whisk were imileated by the Vienna wie. Orme Ifesedrede, he hie wykeeties et that note, proved what the designee Sark wee spa Turkey. Had it not hem he that implemetien, meet Pro bably our government weld have heed Turkey to have mooted that Timm Mi. iir. Le tlin roma,' THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 23, 1855. 7 ' •:1 :-'' to deny that this was a religious war : were it so, he would be the list /arty to ennoiron the spilling of mother drop of blood. He believed that the psalm o Berme wee en dowered by the Hessian meroohnsente; sad therefore it was that he supported the war. If peace at firsteould have been obtained upon safe and honourable terms, he should have been the lint to swept it. The speaker then alluded to the noted article in the Newitseir, which, he had no doubt, might be attributed to the Emperor of the French, and which stated that we had gone to war to segue the fol lowing four points :—To preserve the integrity of Turkey ; to sruarantor the Bari:peen equilibrium; to advance civili sation ; and to ensure respect for treaties. Alluding to the four points said to be the basis of the terms upon which Peso was expected to be recorded at the conference at Vienna, Mr. Layard expressed his decided opinion that, it a pears had bon secured merely on these four points, the whole of this war would have been most cruel and unprofit able. He reiterated his often expremed opinions of the insincerity of the Austrian alliance, because the principles of the Bataan government were precisely those which best suited the Austrian despotism. He believed that the pro posed quintuple protectorate of the Principalities would be an entire deception, unsatiefactory to the inhabitants, dan gerous to the independence, and highly injurious to our commercial relations with those countries, especially with Servis, which he oouidered the nucleus for the solution of the Eastern question. The speaker then alluded in detail to the other three points, which he mined to be most impracticable and unsubstantial. Had these terms been agreed upon, we should find ourselves in a thou sand times worse position than if the Vienna note had been accepted. After alluding to the proposed increase of taxation, Mr. Layard asked if the war was to be conducted as it had been hitherto ? (Cries of "No, no.") Should it be conducted with that eternal referenoeto the " Peninsula ? " He strongly condemned the system of family influence, patronage, and self-aggrandisement, as containing within it the vary germ of our dangers for the future, and the eaves of our sad put failures. Within a few months this country would have to pan through • great crisis, but he thought the " Peninsula "—(laughter)— would not get them oat of it. We wanted statesmen who would introduce into every department of government the systems and ideas la keeping with the improvements of the age. (Cheep.) Alluding to the imperfect representation of the people, and the feebleness of the Whigs, Mr. Layard concluded his teling speech by a peroration in which he alluded to the decline of the coramerc:sl cities of the midi.le ages as furnishing an example and a warning to Britain. After calling upon the assembly to join with him in exposing all abuses, and in endeavouring to put the right men in the right plaees, he concluded by proposing " The Town and Trade of Liverpool," sad sat down amidst over whelming applause. The toast was acknowledged in suitable terms by Mr. H. lloateur. Severel toasts, including some highly complimentary to gentlemen connected with the Black Ball line of packets, followed, and the entire proceedings were of a highly inte resting character. FIRST REPORT OF THE GENERLL. The first report of the Postmaster• General has just been issued. It is not so long ma the annual report of the Postmaster-General of the United States, but it is an im portant and interesting document. Being the first report of the kind issued by that functionary, it contains an historical summary of the origin and growth of the British Peet•office, and some curious particulars respecting It from early official records found n St. Martin's le Grand. According to the report, the present Post•offiee staff consists of 21,674 persons. The number of posteofiloes in the United King dom is 9,973. During last year 616 new post-offices, free deliveries to 1,242 places, and a London day mail to 14 towns, were established. Mails are conveyed daily over 67,000 miles, at no average charge of fiid. per mile by rail way and nd. per mile by coach. The number of chargeable letters which passed through the post last year was 443,000,000. Of these 103,000,000 were delivered in the London district, and 210,900,000 passed through the London office. The average weight of inland and colonial letters is jos. each, and of foreign letters jos. each. 63,000,000 newspapers passed through the London office last year, the average weight was 3101.; and 376,000 book packets, the average weight of each lOos. There are 1,872 money order offices in the United Kingdom, eighty six of which were opened during last year. The number of money orders granted during 1864 was 5,486,244 ; their total amount was 10,462,4111. 16s. 4d., and the profit on which, after paying expenses, was 18,6381. The gross revenue from postage on letters and books and commission on money orders last year was 2,889,0001., and the gross expenditure 1,413,0001. Of this expenditure, 364,0001. was paid for conveyance of mails on railways, and 162,0001. for conveying them by coaches and carts. At the close of last year 28 steam-ships, belonging to the five large mail contract packet companies, were converted into war transports. Owing to this the negotiations for setablishing a monthly steam-packet communication to Australia, via India, were stopped. The report states that a postmaster, three assistant peatmuters, and letter earrien, have been stationed in the Crimea ; also eighteen horses and moles are specially employed for the conveyance of mails there. During eight months 282,000 letters have been forwarded from England to the seat of war through France, and 325,000 letters have reached England from the seat of war by the same route. About 10,000 letters are sent to the Crimea, and 2,600 are received from thence monthly, by the long sea route. The correspondence of our forces in the But presents an average of 45,260 letters to, and 43,126 from, the seat of war in each month. " A result," rays the report, "as gratifying in respect of amount as those portions of it which meet I the public eye generally prove to be in respect of spirit, intelligence, and feeling." The Postmaster-General has entered into a contract with several [railway companies to pay a filed sum annually, and send mails by all their trains. He laments that he is deterred often from lending additional mails by railway even when this can be done with little or no extra expense to the railway companies by the unduly large demands of those companies and the dis proportionate awards which experience has shown to be probable when the question is referred to arbitration. He also laments that according to the present law he has no power to enforce the stipulated speed or pane- Wel arrival of mail trains. He fropoied a system of mutual penalties between the Pat-efilce and rail way companies, for each party to be subjected to for unpunctuality, but it wu:declined by the companies. He offered to pay for a special mail train to Glasgow and Edinburgh to ensure a better communication with the north, Mil the railway companies refused to accede to it. A mailer offer made to the Great Western Company to accele rate the communication with the west has been accepted. The reason why the plan of sorting foreign and colonial mails as board the mail packets has not been adopted has I been owing, rye the report, to the heavy charge that ' would be made for the requisite space, and the ' objection of foreign merchants to the want of so- rarity if the mail bags should be unsealed, and ! letters dealt with under eireunutaness which would not admit of the application of the ordinary cheeks against the I abase of seek a power. The age, character, Meth, and I acquirements of every candidate for Post-alas employment US sow required before be is appointed. A new code of rules for the guidance of postmaaten is in preparation, and all the rules that will be useful to the public will be printed separately and distributed. According to the report, out of , thirty-two foreign nations there are only two—vin., Sweden and Equador—in which no material internal postal improve meat has been made since the introduction into Great , Britain of the penny postage. In Bask, Spain, and Chili the lowest inland postal rate has been reduced to less than 4d. In France, the United States, Bavaria, Hanover, Portugal, Sardinia, and Brasil, it has been reduced to less than 2d., and in Belgium and Denmark to a Id. In 32 foreign sountries postage stamps have been introduced. Is three of them prepayment of postage is compulsory, and in 12 others prepayment has been encouraged. In 18 of the foreign countriesin which the postal charges havebeen reduced the gross postal receipts are equal to what they were before the reduction. Special rewards are to be given for improve ments in the working of the Post-offiee department. A. Liverpool clerk has had a gratuity of 2001., for devising a floating receiving -house, to admit of letters for America being posted up to the last moment of the sailing of the packet, and 6001. har been given to an official for inventing improvements in the appa ratus for dropping and taking up letter hags without stop ping the trains. The Daily News a short time since, in noticing the United States' annul report, pointed out the accusations in that report of pall unfairness against the British government and the British Post-offioe depart ment. These asossatioas were that the American corre spondence to and from Prance through England were improperly excluded from the benefit of the postal treaty between Great Britain and the United States; that an unfair proportion of that oorrespondence wee sent serer the Atlantic in British packets; that the treaty threw on the Mailed States an unfair proportion of the burden of collecting the postage for the two countries, and that treat Britain refused to fa ! eilitata the transmission of peaphlets sad magazines be tween England sad America. To these encusations Lord Canning, in his report, replies. He states that, with the eonearreseet of Frames, the British government allowed the Americo-French oorrespondenee to per through England I spat the maw cosAiticas iiththat of all Wan Amnia% tsr- I respondence conveyed through this country; that, in fact, th e American eorresponience with France, as with all other parts, was only subjected to the same postal rates as the cor respondence of British subjects having the same destination. Some inooavenienee arises to the stisteriesu public with regard to their correspondence with France, because the United States government refuses to oonour with England and France in an arrangement for the mode of collecting the postage. If the United States (says Lord Canning) were to concur in the arrangement, the rates in America and France would be equalised, and then there would likewise be no motive for sending Americo-French correspondent), in preference by British packets. But America complains that Ragland allows France to take 6d. from American subjects for conveyance of a letter by a British packet, sad yet America charges those subjects Bd. for the same ser vice performed by as American packet. The only way to p t the public partiality to British packets is for America to charge her own citizens the same low sea rate 'of 6d. for • letter conveyed by an American packet, as France charge. her citizens for a letter conveyed by a British packet. The reason why America collects more in ternational panne than England is that there are more letters seat to America from England than to England from America. As to the complaints about pamphlets and maga zines, Lord Canning states that he offered to include pamphlets and magazine, in an international book postal privilege which would far better assist the literary inter course of the two countries, and be more practicable than the American proposition. A report from the General Poet-office will for the future appear annually. The Postmaster 0 I justly Matti that the Poet-office service calls for courant expansion and improvement; that publicity will be en advantage to the de partment, and have a good effect upon the working of many of its branches; and that there is no depaktment, the busi . . . .. . . _ . nem of which, if duly recorded, will furnish more striking evidence of the prosperity and progress of the empire, whe ther as regards the increase of the general wealth, the grow ing importance cf the colonies, the improved education and intelligence of some Chiles, or the stirrisg industry and energy which is the national characteristic of all. FINE ARTS. TIIE NEW SOCIETY OP PAINTERS IN WATER CoLOURS, 53, PALL-NAIL.—The private view of the 21st annual exhibition of this important association of artists took place ou Saturday last. It is impos sible not to be struck, on entering the society's rooms, with the extraordinary mastery displayed in the manipulative process of theil art. The English were the first to show prowess in the art of water colour painting, and we believe they still take precedence of other nations in this very graceful branch of art. Although the exhibition does not contain many works of imagination it nevertheless presents numerous works which, for interest of sub ject, as well as pictorial excellence, will not fail to attract great attention. We were struck' with the number of beautiful and well-executed land scapes which adorn the society'. walls on this occa sion. As usual with this society, there was a very numerous attendance of visitors. Among the com pany present were the Duke of Northumberland, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Bishops of Winches ter, Lichfield, Carlisle, and Worcester, Earl of Car digan, Earl Grey, Ea rl Ducie, Dowager Countess of Longford, the Marchioness of Aylesbury, the Earl of Denbigh, the Hon. Miss Eden, Major-General Sir William Herries, Sir John Anson, Viscount Brackley, Lord Grosvenor, Lord Broughton, and Lord Glenelg. We shall take an early opportunity of giving a de tailed account of the more meritorious works of this exhibition. PHOTOGRAPIIIC INSTITUTION.—A highly interest ing exhibition of photographs is now opened by the above-mentioned institution, at 168, New Bond street, where not only a great variety of specimens of the photographic art are displayed, but a thorough notion may be formed of the perfection to which the proms has been carried up to the present time. We propose returning to the subject. It is announced that the great painting by Winder- halter, representing the Empress of the French surrounded by her ladies of honour, will be finished this week, and will be remosed to the exhibition. MUSIC. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA. Fidolio was repeated 011 Saturday evening under more favourable circumstances than on Thursday, when the attention of the audience was so engrossed by the presence of our Sovereign and her Imperial guests, and their enthusiasm so strongly roused by the exciting nature of the occasion, that neither atten tion nor interest remained for the performers on the stage. On that night, people went to the theatre, not for the sake of the opera, but to witness and take a share in the ovation to the Emperor and Empress of the French; and the remarkable circumstance of the first appearance in England of one of the most celebrated singers of the present time Cralmost without notice. We remarked at ime that it was rather unfortunate for Mdlle. Jenny Ney that her debut should have taken on such an occasion ; for it had the effect of taping from her next appearance something of the gloss and freshness of novelty. But her performance on Sa -1 turday evening was attended with triumphant sue cess, and was entirely worthy of her great reputation and the very high position she holds oa the German musical stage. Mdlle.Ney has no pretensions to beauty. Her figure is large and full, and her features are by no means regularly handsome ; but yet her appearance is attrac tive, from the indications of mind it presents. Her manner is graoed by a modest simplicity, and her features have an open, pleasant cast, which imme diately produces a favourable impression. Her whole aspect is unmistakeably German, and per fectly adapted to the personation of the most thoroughly national character on the German stage. In this, as in other respects, she strongly resembles the) great actress, Madame Schro der Devrient, who first introduced Beethoven's charming opera and its interesting heroine to the acquaintance of the English public. In the character of Leonora, Mdlle. Ney brings Madame Davrient vividly to our remembrance. Her male attire, dis guised as the youthful domestic, is of the same sober, unobtrusive kind ; and the same plain, quiet earnest • noes marks her whole performance. It is full of deep feeling, not indicated by violent spasmodic bursts, but by the intense, concentrated, and carefully suppressed emotion expressed in every tone, look, and gesture. You are not startled by striking melodramatic points which at once remind you that she is acting; but there is a sustained impression of reality which is never interrupted, and goes on increasing to the end of the piece. We have seen some actresses—Mali bran for instance—make Leonora a more brilliant personage than Mdlle. Ney does; but no one, except ing only Schroder Devrient, has made her more in- Wetting and affecting. Mdlle. Ney's vocal powers are of the highest order. Her voice is a soprano, but of such compass that it embraces the mezzo-soprano register, and even the contralto. Its quality is admirable — clear, rich, and mellow ; and her style and execution are those of a finished artist. Her principal air—the beautiful in vocation to Hope—was as remarkable for its vocal excellence as its strong and passionate expression. The other principal characters were sustained as on previous occasions. Tamberlik was the Florestan, one of his finest efforts. Formes had his old part of the kind-hearted gaoler. Tsgliafico was the daik and haughty governor ; and the charming little part of Marcelhna had an excellent representative in Mdlle. Mani. We have heard the choruses better sung. The chorus of prisoners failed to produce its usual effect : the innovation of singing the tenor solo by a number of voices in unison was anything bat a happy one. It is positively stated (say' Galignani) that Madame Jenny Lind (Goldamid) will arrive in Paris in the course of neat month. Whether she will sing In public or not is yet unknown, but a strenuous effort is in oontempla• Lion to obtain her aid for a charitable institution. A few days before the departure of the King of Portugal for Italy, a concert took plies at the Necossidades Palace, In which his Majesty sal* a duet with Madame Cutellao, an aria from " I Lombardi," and several other moremietx with the artistes of the Italian Opera. His Ma jeaty's voice is a baritone, end he isoald to be en excellent fYids•. DRAMA. DRIJRY-LANE. On Saturday last, the troupe of the Gatt6 pro duced, for the Bret time before ea English audience, a grand " patriotic Crams," called Les CONDI**, which they bad played before their Parisian patrons for we cannot tell how many hundred nights daring the season of 1853-4. Les Cossgties is a piece of the Adelphi type, but in length it far meals the three acts which the immemorial custom of the stage in this country hu prescribed as the proper limits of • melodrama ; for although the play was commenced at eight o'clock, the last act had to be materially retrenched—ice this cue without at all improving it—in order to prevent the performance from encroaching upon Sunday morning. The scene is laid at Troyes, in the February of 1814, at which time the town is supposed to have been occupied by the Cossacks, and the story turns on the lawless intrigues of the Count Mansaroff, the Russian commandant, to obtain the hand of Louise Blanchard, the daughter of a French officer, who had fallen in the campaign of 1812. Madame Blanchard had undertaken, with her daughter, • journey into Russia, in the hope of finding some traces of her husband ; and had been rescued from the vio lence of the natives by the intervention of Man saroff, whom she had been led by various acts of hypocritical kindness to regard as her benefactor. In the confusion, however, the poor lady had lost her daughter, and had been persuaded that she was dead ; but the truth was that she had fallen into the bands of the Count, and he had propo►ed to make her his wife. With this view he placed Madame Blanchard in the charge of Olga, ono of his slaves, whose unremitting aVentions to her new mistress soon won her heart. Sincerely pitying the misfortunes of the b ed widow, she nevertheless re tained sentiments of romantic fidelity to her muter ; and when he ordered her to procure from her mistress a letter of event to the marriage of Louise,she set about the task with unquestioning promptitude. Amongst her other calamities Madame Blanchard had lost her sight from a violent illness, by which she had been attacked in Russia; and so, when requested to act as her amanuensis, Olga wrote such a letter as would suit the deaigos of the Count, and obtained to it the signature of the widow. Of course Louise has no great liking for the match,and the piece does nit progress far before a real lover makes his appearance. This is the com panion of bar childhood—Maurice, a French officer, who, with a number of his men, has entered the town in order to take advantage of any accident that might seem to favour the cause of the Emperor. The principal of these are Ser geant Curium sod Private Panel, both of whom have an equal genius for disguise and for getting into scrapes. Indeed,the drolleries of these two worthies act to a great ex tent as a sort of lubricating medium, by the aid of which 'the piece may roll its bugs length along without weariness to the spectator. To narrate all the incidents of the drama would take far too much time, and it must, therefore, cut fiew to say that Maurice, Durivean and Panel having got up an almost success ful emeute in a café-spectacle, arc taken prisoners. The usual alternative is offered by Manzareff to his recalcitrant bride, her hand or her lover's life—sad the former is accepted. Madame Blanchard, now become aware of her daughter's existence, has an interview with her in the presence of the Count, and, on learning that she has chosen him for her husband, disowns her with a heart broken with grief, but, nevertheless, full of the most exalted patriotism. la short, uni I misery frowns upon all the interesting personages of the drama; and at this juncture Olga centre forward to set matters right. First of all, having made it clear that she is in love with Maurice herself, she offers her services to save him, and ex plains the sacrifice which Louise has made en his account. lie immediately prays her assistance on behalf of the youvg lady, and, though with no very good grace certainly, she promises that it shall not be wanting. Oar hero, in return, bestows upon the Cossack maiden an em brace, and tnis has a surprising effect upon her real ; for poor Olga now "goes in" for universal happiness in a IQ that would hays satisfied Jeremy Bentham to his heart's cottent. In a very little time she has brought the mother and daughter together, and an affecting scene ensues, in which they are all reconciled. But alas ! their joy is of short duration. Minsaroff interrupts the tete-a-icte, seises the two young women, and sends off Louise to his estate in Russia, and Oiga to the knout. Here our friend Durivean comes in and informs Madame Blanchard that, by the agency of Olga, he avid his faithful companion Panel bad wowed the night before they were to haws been shot, but that Maurice had been p ted from following their example. If, however, be could only ascertain where the place of execution was to be, he might yet save his commandant. Here again Olga brings the necessary information. Almost [ expiring under the cruel but "paternal" discipline to which she tad been subjected, she had beard her muster give his orders upon the subject. The name of the town recalls to the elootie mimid of the sergeant the story of the woolen horse ' - and the wooden horse suggests to him the ' expedient of disguising himself in the voluminous trousers of the Dons. This brings us to the last scene. It is a glade in the wood of Creney,wliere, although an attack on the town is actually being made by the Emperor in person, bienzaroff beds time to "do justice" upon the unlucky Maurice. lie duly insults his victim, and his victim retorts with suitable spirit—he orders the firing party to take up their ground— he pronounces the fatal wordy, "Make ready! present!" —when, In! the soldiers suddenly wheel round upon him, and level biro by a well-directed volley. The party consists of our old friends the sergeant and Panel, together with some of their comrades. Madame Blanchard and her daughter now bring in the dying Olga, who performs the part usually allotted to the "heavy lathers" of the British drama—joins the hands of the lovers and expires. Finally, there is a grand tableau representing the triumphant entry of the Emperor and the utter discomfiture of the Cossack interest. _ __ . . .. . . The part of Maurice was played with great power end ability by M. Gouget; but the real heroes of the evening were Messrs. P. !denier and Alexandre, who personated the two old soldier,. Duriveau, with his philosophy, and the air of dignity with which he sustained his assumed relation ship of Mentor over his more simple companion, wee ex ceedingly amusing. Madame Lambquin tilled the vile of Madame Blanchard with touching pathos; and Mdlle. Leontine, as a eantiniere who exercised no inconsiderable influence over the fortunes of the piece, was sprightly and entertaining. Perhaps, however, the most interesting female character was th at of Olga (Mdlle. Augu.ta), who, with very little to say, monopolised a large Mime of atten tion. The drama was exceedirgly well received, and in the café scone, the excitement of the house rose to a very high pitch. At its close the curtain, in obedience to the loud call of the audience, was drawn up, and the company sang the National Anthem and. Yana:it pour la Syne," amidst loud acclamations. ROYAL INSTITUTION. The evening meetings of the members of the Royal Institution were resumed on Friday after the Easter recess, when Mr. Hux:ey delivered a lecture " On the Progressive Development of Life in Time." The object be bad in view was to point out the general arguments adduced by there theorists who contend that there has been a progressive de velopment of life since the globe first became habitable, commencing with the simplest forms of organisation, and proceeding regularly upwards to the most complex, and then to show that such a view of creation is not compatible with the fasts disclosed by geological researches. Mr. Huxley said that all the varieties of life that have ever ap peared on the earth. from those creatures whose organic remains are found in the lowest Silurian rocks to the animals now living as the settees, have been moulded according to fixed typical forms, and that though none of the species of existing animals are the same as those which lived in geological time, yet when we ascend to higher generalisations, it is found that many of the classes of animals contiane the same, whilst there has bean no change in the orders of animal life. He then proceeded to point out the resemblance of typical forme in the first developments of life, taking as the objects of comparison the two extremes of birds and fillies. The gradual changes that take place in an egg during hatching were exhibited by diagrams on an en larged scale, and they were compared with the changes in the spawn of fishes, to show that up to a certain stage the rudimeatary developments nearly correspond, and that the principal organs of life are apparently alike in both. So far, therefore, the notion of progressive development re ceives some countenance, for up to that point the chick and the fish, so far as regards their general forme, seem to be convertible into each other; but in the subsequent development all resemblance, beyond the maintenance of those general typical forms, dis appears, and the notion of transmutation of species, so far from receiving confirmation, is contradicted by a close oe sH: whichit I h e7 e l t a hh i d eco r ye m o u n c boi h df e s r ti rd e m e g r e E n sius t ifl i h y es e trui z e a n m et t i o n or a fe ti e oi o tief n development. The eartilaginoas fishes which existed at en to l h f feit t aca o itl: o . v o e f r iafi th : r h. early geologies' period bas the spine curved upwards, and the tail bad no corresponding brarch below, whilst most bony fishes, like the haddock and mackerel, have an equal expansion of the tail on both sides of the spine. Mr. Hux ley entered minutely into the differences exhibited in those fishes and in salmon, with a view to show that the develop ment of an expanded tail could i.e traced anterior to the single tail of cartilaginous fishes, and therefore that this point on which progressioniste have placed muck reliance , entirely failed them. In several other respects also the organic remains in the lower series of reeks exhibit a higher degree of development than appears in animals of the same class in subsequent periods. Thus, thouh a superficial view of the successive classes of animal li fe may appear to sanction the opinions advocated in such works as the tt Vas ' tigee of Creation," a more close examination dispels the notion of s z s crze developing's% and prom Wet it has AO sold