The Express. — London, England, 1850-03-23 00:00:00

~r . i should M r seceded to either aetssir. Re oueld be a very great advantage Is Ude. tedeevostred to Mato dm gnmado en whisk meted. It meted oa the mere] emsseat of it ," a mnspod to terve • MU pee aeted is op . the no will of Use selenime, that the sou ' not he altered without their esernaL Re at would tni • most duller's. mums Is fellow. , colonies should ssy, we &diets your 'reared ,n what • position would whams& sad the t h e Were they_ dimmed to form • upm them Wee it net wino le the rocsissuos whets misted, amid givo to situ it as ritosseteacos required ; he thought it mew wee that takes in the ha It was by Earl Grey; it had Wand his to waive r iooril, and to Seem to them the mews of r • prernorot, without aUemptiag to dieters Ile therefore hoped that the hoses would set Li! , with shes of the eekinista, expressed "h"; s ods r,uld oast esoceive my amuse so stack the colones to the crown of Engload, ,e Me col min to the authority of parlie the coseietian forced o• their minds that the Eeelsod, is the plenitude of is power, havieg vas spy form of e •nstitatloo on the reloay, Nest. did not eaereise it, bet studied their h g aff tin the power of elueriag their elm eats. over they pleas. d. (lieu, hear.) LION BY was induted to oppose the linden bo ycotted in the ptiociple that the dash. chamber Ices choice of the (idealise, but halieved that their ultimate flecks. E followed • similar &trauma to the roe ma t aIV disliked the same propend Me the solo roneri., and referred to Um Cape far • better ~. rot ,unr Outlast. BOIT supported the amendment, lamas' Ise rr m Au.tralie, as an English cokey, Eaglith isanaors, sad sa English monarchy. . o rr emakta4 cm a variety of pethions sad .eat received from the Australian eoloales and thtlf steaming had been altogether overstrained sereprodeced to embetaistsat• the allegatien etre disliked the Idea eta double chamber. Oa he drew from them the cosebtaies that such a . of the existing and proposed system was much le recommended the type (Sired by the British as the mule' to be folMwed in all systems of Aped for the government of Elgliabraim. vdially support Ittsamendment. lUCCHBRR said he derived the greatest rom the result of all the jut liaise, that had bed us Mm the Australian colonies, iateltigeam mammas because it bad bees metal) , derived, ti tal searese, but from the colonial mrimpapers, • that the measure led beam woke:abed as not end friendly in spirit, but as is. whaish met ,e, would provide for their wants, and a state of things in the colcales r ft ferftd to with hope and confidence. Sic supported him leader the gamy criticisms L e ',huh had been made t. the season, sad tot prevent the Mose and the SOVITIIIIIIPtt on tine most arduous sad difficult task,—sanely, nitations which should give freedom sad geed to a pciple separated from us almost by the f the harietable world—which, while they ere -4: r i ghts and sovereignty of the crown et Eng. w eed a link between these colonise and all the tr's of the British empire, should secure to the t e l.leU.s of free and impartial goverameat toe b rttrutht of every Englishmen, in whatever wake might Mopes to find himself. The qua.. d by the amendment wee, whether they should in metel intro ince into Australia two chamben, or at t h ied . e lves, as proposed by this measure, with m .a , L :.r z ing the institutions they Need there, he ts %brim Ives the power of audifyiag as they saw fit, and, especially, d they th..aebt the time had come when they ✓ed to ad prim. that principle of a legislatare which esperienc• had proved to be the • withireir mosarehical institutions. The rief.etase. after ‘becieving on the remota why r and rein rehired to the committee of privy I tie cclenisu had been highly gratified by find . :hue quo:iota, to them of lafinite imp:Mmes. . the mss ta:m ant deliberate coneideratica of the cro.s belt re any bill had been submitted t, and to Ltd that they themselves were called sal appealed to, I y having those rename and oubautted to them ;—a proof that itke , t fal sot sleink . from the closest of e.e amives ',fifth had &vested thaw e swan which they had proposed, bet ba t me m, were sufficiently val.dand Goa. :41 the eases: tat of ecrotioy and investigation. • •he constitute c f council ►ad expressed an pr. en; intetence fur two chant:i.e., rather t.• (lambi', under whatever notification; and . "bey ►ed only ezpree•cd the opinion whit& q • ,crei Eta:Muni in this country ester :. ,ict. they and their forefathers bad bad ••• :Alto: of t h • working of a syncs of this hind. 'IL ;hier end to rejoin la its aztossioa, vbs. oato .y evaded to every rotas ad the British :..o e amity/1p had also frankly gated is their MY.LI which ►ad induced the.. under the ....t.n•teaces of Australia, not to 'dries n•:em should be eenpnleocily put fa can. ad say ma reading the ea r* mut on the table nut admit there rr•w act 'Watley considerations fcr pawing P.li as cal hue a c n•titutien se formed, and ..tes th• akinuative M Olf/111166 sr of stL nbpet. a. bad Isis auk sinselsad Is .•.totamatsbarl s ppaks buds is dist tu.d tar roses tile orsiesa .W.s assh -22. n 23 Wu to the Wisp sod Widow of dr muNin MR rd• tb• hems ribald Mrs ,s at any tonne whidi del ore sew ire at.'St advantage. Tie Wis h jeseirms ebi • S.eta Wen (Mt. beeet) ilwebeeil lb* ! tr. 4 on this poi.% ; it wen meld lobes 3 IV, mot i tLe opinion they had not the nag el c bit tuppmed the mond chamber wee W &nue and therefore it was not earpristag that clo. No eaadid visa Neil reed thew c a.c./ a the esselesice ties Y wee a wawa v.ajist Wigs ea tie we el the elkelits— e iLy we: sad that they objessed, ow 5517 to Cwststlail ham net over, bee le Was Ito matey la say way wash await deer with "Pike la tie weir they were e.:ttat melee the. eine voles Is the pre -41 Its ' , biotite sprawl jaw is week le the " ---7 ; 1.1C011.r of all " 0•111 k .4,1 7U.s who daubed, was it the pert of pot. • -sr to ricka collation with the rimy oe a :r.pi n, when the other rune was plain au. 44 much tl. y then selas had saggseted 1041 e a. tt.4 information that had . yet us, tcY7lll b} them as asothart their wires ;•!.tt tea btu naked prayers. He felt ma is se for the question wha• r.: chamber, amnia the house to decide churn, aboard be nonrated et fit a.tainea that at the Caps of Good Hops they a wand chamber on the principle of oleo :rot t.: made a great dirge I. what bad •• . to..cyof this aorta in that respect ; e tette eve astiafisel of osythiag the& that ia t.C.VW they were ming la the real sprat of : t.iitauLon, sad est arab. servile= Peel, ender ttresmatsae's totally try: t• Mad a read oltaashor in the eh:, et..o utarally belonged to a nom sera 0 .7 ; sad that failure would isi..ta and asiaesities la the = a ; ma the effect of other seerema. Ho test Uinta aliosether from his Wad, but he 'c'ad be wt.e to undertake each • talk. toritr the delay which art asenearly •ft &ay tell (obtain turner information from umbd Act if the second chamber Vol to tm ups. Its principle of election, but ePoo that L -t Ire tek weld be coreparauvely easy ; but ' ) 44 .1 tee that on both sides of the beer see cot the deteriorate of aostatimitlon 4tmeed of for the Australia& colors& arty referred to have the second climber also 4' PfUltiftk of elenion, but &furter prma. iit of the qieetion would new rest 44;.ontneat at thi s period when it wee of the zoases that it should be finally determined. It v-. 4 i a the eery greeted public importer*, and ~.4 46a *tee it at all event' dories the present 4 opia ion ultimat it would be better that (ta.trairs should adopt t ely wo chansbers instead of nettl he alined they would dos* permaineatly,bst our better for theraselvss . .or decide then 11. "" , 4 the British parliament. It was not • Tarr whether there should boom or '' 44sl leria as oraial censtitution, but Ur eroatabed another my import ant ▪ "•owa. pressat, a sulibirt number of "7" .M'aer to institute two chambers could • at the four new Australia& color's, and ales - uf a that opinion by two of the rest IL•1 v.antry ever asat to Animal". • 4 "'CU Grey (the present grormer) sad Bit • ir ate entertained similar opinioe& The to II •5, that, bored of two charter% • te , it Muth for re wpm+ of • 102 7.,,_ th.os Moores. lea.king at all tree war. " ,. .' , 141 which unartsd fror various outlast& take ths r e as ons which had besa adopted, it ce• that a gnat deal Oklahoma was hlt frosa this mum raga bo of min 1 4 , 41 * -1, 1 0 (us, or that the colonists should be et Piti•re er apnoea thou opinions upon a a ' a. il itortattes as the Format oN. The 44e /Wore for • whey blather& er .4.1.1 r Wine:Mae which they abhorred. ak.r, b ed Plot;, the people, ha the orb, ttr eith their bathtubs', mad all try lb */ shield sadnlasged ea r to pram, wishe writs sad these they "ye . That was alto the prayer of the pett m and the hilt now brought forward on ...•4`taci ramrod that rare. The hour , matmprudaat and iajudiedaus part to , Ifficialatioa—nots easkoharo that ▪ ttc t Sure to the sew"t.• ' , pet that L'" 4 ..2.°l l isd 'wary mar to /e three had bees rewind with Es' y the people of kriteria. MO .1,...-dwa whose intionsti weft 110/Lettet , , " 1 . ono pelitrousd the hem to pre the ie,•.s,Ots tit vitt sure tile need governor •• m a • • pts. • '414 wore the flue oar% be hoped ths THE FiI'RESS, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 23, 1850. not Mika that the shave weans it die legislative reused, who le eaten with the aftelemied Mahan had bees the leaders alba popular part, lift hal ihall enjoyed trft estat t ai rillsol regulation alid use_ mad wilibigly • salad dumber, the mbire si IMO skald = equal power and equal lrepeemila with eari should each oesurol their seam Now, the beet mesas of oseerteleing ebei wishes et a aermanity with regard m • fine et gaseemeat was eeeerliseg to the Amens& hark to oneseepa a anneenden or essestitseat assemb!y, sad to let it frame a eerseilaika. Ta. onsiothe shoal be • aameseue bay ; • Masi_ persons peeeeetlai • low es a be Mr *lire of the whole eme se . t amid be ea aameowas aid its membees ere • body elw have Maw heart la hoar of geati- Mae ever watther. 'Saudi Mee ao selbs, Seim but eastitatiea w• he no other esapedea, Mitaterpolitkal power. Ile wished to oak • questa al the aelaperd whir* he hoped ha would distinctly answer. He bed showithea this bil were serried those would be an immediate struggle is the legislative council %masa the sleeted sad the semi said members. If in this sereggle des elective mashers were viewless they would pupae a shale dative chamber. Now, he asked, would the aide kad .easseat that they should ham • tingle eludes amber ? (Ur, hear.) TW was a gaieties selthely to be Weight Mhos his, if this bill pared, that it was h le drat to Ma seede_up his mind epos it. I. NMI him the „ would he pledge himself to let time 616111/10 have aa eleetive siagle daubs, if • statics to that oda were serried la their legislature ? He would mow pressed to state his ressoas for believing that • legWasion, ampossd of two illative houses, was the hest fora of go verment for • colony. Amiseiting to the theory of repre sentative governors* the legielatere ought to be a copy in mildews of the whole seessounity—that was to say, every great interest, want, sad feeling should be represented in the some properties they existed In the whole OMMII t.i.y. Now in every oommanity there were two great opposite esUlaselse— namely, the inavedeg tendeoey_ _ eager for shags and the ve esedeasp, sallielied with Was as they were. Suet Mee leadoneles should be duly represented la • Wiwi% be if either of them wore omitted, the mash would be had game mat either in the shape of teak. amp, threaten in smithy, or stolid hagner, Maas a tit decay of the body litia. Now. _diem owl madam peeve that the teadesey,lades motive, emerged% sad ern Whim wee apt, tlf whoa eneentrolia, te empire no undue propeadereses. prairie was how to control the innovating emideney, without on the ether hand giving pro. porterage to the ensenative tendency. Could this pro blem he estisfestarily solved by means of • single chamber ? Re awed see, seposially in • coy. tbe 'lngle chamber must lie an coreneted ca t to contain either sore it the orionatir tendency or more of the lass main tendency. If it eatained wire of the conserva tive tendency, it anal be in freepost opposition to the more active, enerptie, sad enterprises, potion el the aanmaity, consequent ly would seen beams unpo pular. Os the other hand, it it contain more of the Isar:o vals, tendency, then the only reetrollieg power would be the pvireor—that was, the Colonial-office' and, if that controlling power should be exercised, then there would be a pematesloon ice between the single chamber and the im perial government, which, in the beg run, mast always terminate in the defeat of the imperial 'evenness Their tine colonial polley was to avoid such conflicts ; not to ally themselves with one tendency, and thereby insure the overthrow of the other tendency, but so to commute' the colonial institutions, that the natural conflict betwesa the conservative and innovating tendencies should be fought I. the bosom of three institutions. (Hear, bear.) For that purpose, theory end experience had shown that the beet la stitutions was • legislature compared of two houses, la one of which there should be more of the conservative ten dency, and in the other mere of the innovating tendency. It had been said lon the part of the Colonial office, and in opposition to a snood chamber, that there were no materials in the Australian colonies out of which to constitute • mead Anther. This was • strange position, coming from the Colonial-offies, whieb_PwiPtivid to establish a second chamber both in N ew Smith Wales and in New Zealand. (Hear, hear.) He believed, however, that position to be perfect/7 true as far as a nominated second chamber was concerned, and tens not only of the Australian colonies, but of all Anglo-Sara eorminnities; for they had too good an opinion of themselves to acknowledge readily that any min was sufficiently eminent by talent and eighty to he entit:ed to control the decisions of the representative. of the people. And if they were to abolish the House of Lords, there were, he thought, not more than three men In that country whom the decided opinion of the public would place in a nominated upper bore. (Cries of "Divide.") He sweated, therefore, to the patios that there were no materials in the Australian colonies, or in ay other coked's, oat of which the irresponsible Colonial-office could fabricate a notathated upper hour which should command the respect and cooddenee of the people. But he maintained that it was a gross fallacy throe to infer that there were no materials out of which the people could sleet • good upper bowie ( Hear.) He propmed, therefore, that there should be an elective second chamber; because, by being elective it would 0310- mead the matinee and respect of the inhabitants of the colonies. He proposed that it should be so coastructed that it should tomtits more of the oonierrative than of the iano eating tendency of colonial society. With this object In view, he asked, whet were the natural elements of the con servative tendency which existed in every society ? (Cries of "Divide.") He answered first, older men were gene rally more conservative than younger men, therefore he proposed the mamba of the upper house sh ould be of the amp of at least thirty years. (Laughter and " Divide.) Secondly, he footed that See possessing larger property were generally more rouservative the* men posesariag melba property, therefore he proposed that members of the upper house should have twice the property quiliflcsriou of members of the lower house. (Renewed cries of " Divide, divide.") Thirdly, be found that rasa who held their authority by • tenure of longer duration were less inclined to innovation than men holding their authority by • tenure of shorter I duration ; therefore he proposed that the members of the upper lease should be ousted for nine years certain, or for nearly twice the period for which the lower chamber b to be chosen. Fourthly, he found that the innovation *endear, io its objectionable term, acted generally by ' sudden fits and starts, and was not of long durauoo, therefore, he proposed that the =ashen of the upper house should not be elected all of thorn at one and the same time, but one-third of them should be elected every three years. ' Fifthly, he found that large aremblies were more apt to yield to the violent perilous end sudden impulse for tenor tioa than smaller sesemblies, therefore he proposed that the number of restaben to the upper house should be much less than that of the lower house. Thus, he pro posed, in order to coastruet a spur house, which should costar more of the conservative tendency, as it existed in • colonial misty, that it should he in compirison to the lower house • smaller Imdy, coediting ot older man, possessing larger properties, added tor loupe rated" and sot all cleated at one sad the mare time. (Renewed cries of "Divide, divide.") Teen, with an upper house so einstructed, the wallet between the con servative and innovating tenderise would take place be tween the two houses • ithout referees to the haperlsl go• vernaiest, sad would be fairly decided sicordir, to the deli berate judgment of the whole community. (" Hear, hear," sad " Divide.") Mr. F. PEEL would support Kr. Walpole's amendment. He felt the imporiblli of producing an aristocracy is the lookeies woul d command the sympathies of the as our own, the gradual growth of centuries, did. thought that we were laying the mud of future die• imams sad animosities by the plea for • mixed body, in whisk the intareele of the elusive sad the 'evaluative per igee woad appear at variant* ; at the same time he thought this tit government could not give up its cheek mesa the eilledle by entirely surrendering it to an elective bs te Earl of ARUNDEL ad SURREY had been I. fe wer of the anteadmeat, but had been ceadneed by the debate that he ought to support the government plan. Lord J. RUSSELL prosseded to state what bad been the earn of the legislative on this abject. In Jaly, 1849, he had the bower of iatr ideals; a bill containing • prom ote& for kasha • Gana In New South Wales, con simiag of 86 members, of whom 24 were to be elective, and the reessisieg 12 to be named by the crown. I. 1842, Lord 13 who bad la the Interval aneursted to the seals of the iatrodueed • bill which he stated to be hessiled an that brought forward by himself, but which he bed at pmessied with; and, with the =oaths of some provishime »hang a the franchise, its prisias were in reality wady the saw as those of the bill of 1840. From that dme Ss hopresent the omitted= whisk had boa reprenated as no mama a machine that it said net ma t es adios whelk mamma is principle sad whale it wail sible to any into sleet I. pallier—this abused, and I.l.Nrtleeble eratitaties bail been gladly wear ies la liow Salk Wales ; cad the people of that today seemed new to have discovered that there were seek Übe mat hale is it as bad bees Moselbed. (Mir, bear.) In istrodneig the bill it had appealed to Wm a be pr sump. tia ad hi wee at least • safe came to premed s& Ilia fan deans whisk had been already his, sad whia, hitherto, had net failed. (Hear, hear.) Oa of two Wags mast be presumed, eitku that the ligisiare whisk they ware thee esafirmlag in was sae whole woeld i bi i =:k kg sem Enema has of t end .Maths or that the sweat South factory le the people of Iderw South Wolin. loot. Now, oa las fame appeal's_ that the eaelleMisa was to be aimeed e they alai wait nail Ahoy had heard the peals a the Amebas& solos's@ behei they in trados,' • new hem of gamma An oil beam sight be eat be hallisties, bet to leave it before the plea be • new ea bad bun premed wail be • mot torso enable course. (Rear, Wier.) A report of the s e s awaell, written with great ability, sad draft net Nem 'bleb the pavement proposed le aloe the whisk it was based, was laid base ler iblagy grounds the ea road it May, 1848. la that report alma; win dwas doe made, sad made with all the Imes weld be used, In moomsuadiag fee Wigan ask • Osage is favour of the hie elealima,, All the anew derived hem oar owe seaditalis% ham the date of ear laws, and from the ezetaglea of due eassiee, were sdd.esd in favour of sash • duage ; but it was added that public opinion la New Meth Wales was decidedly opposed to an alteratioa of the existing eaueita dos by the authority ofprikersell. Meld an= more obviousthe& that If peddle *mien hthe coleales were in home of the establiameat of two dumbest, politica would farineikately after the pableities of that nput, have hesa ihrwinia, duke* able be the Mee ; pedlemat h lbe shames saimmeed He bed, beat ens, itieseell hail t he aas le pe a pod- Ass:zimese etas etashlualls Seem semseala with t:L. bf loada lifietaffe dairnline • It was stela that the report of the phy mown to which he had ahead baying arrived I. Eassisda h esp• timber lea, Mil been entei there with a Idepli degree el sathileshat es lalieetili= which wee likely topmast Imam laughs lhe sad the mother mare. Tba propendon of the honourable sad loused gents— aues was not le make m Montle. forte bomb mane% a bet es Rake as ellseedete la the seastitstion of aka eabo whisk would be so remanent as it would be great and serious. The uom was that a legislative rearl bo scentagsglikim wad mot , at the ad of alas ikitode simuld Is semed der lih. It wee annaga t Wt what the you. and leaned Readtei whit a view to say opinion or an of ate he was • panuseat Amp is ihe 0f .41.6 31e= Wake. He ptWoind bat then thud be two somedle. ono a roporlautatin assebbly, the ohm. ereleisting ei l poinead by tb• tom& New (Led sly fwheei very mash whether a soundli igpa)atelai n t iga irdenny end I fe s; nor iag ati rtlie veer of stepping/bp bill NM km he nembly, mid gin to Now South Wain lithe hos. and lemed gostbelen'opeoCitioa sowj:Lntod, then meld be ems gbh ; lb* Wont maabor for Ilenthweelt (Shi W. libleureolk) be d popemill a eaten ado he New heath Wales, of Irbil a sew emenables of the Wsladve feresed a conikeable pert. Be psepamg that New Saudi Weiss shad& be Molded Into Forbin, sad that each of then proven= elleidd Met than Welshes osusedlin, Ono to go at at the end of woe )ean, throe at be sad of sin, sad the remising those et the end of abet years ; sod that are the Inv Magas sash women should rentais in ler a period of sins pert Now, Ibare ennead to Me to be Mire ob. Jestion to this Pruiroal. bet the drat and the sub am sad whisk appeared to hills to be a MANI °Widen was, that It was a peopeed anal to New South Webs, sad that they wen to adept - it 'Moak at the suggestion elan kma biome wit► end lenewerg On thinners doe Monis Now South Was ztesewid of it. In the Ti m e i the bob bomb tint hen legislative abovld blabbed g - pr r e — Mms. Now of the amount artist of *MO pro vines, of the pepajatioa of these provisoes, sad ly bow many person there might b e i n each then provisoes who had 2001. a year is Ind, of all that they were ono*/ *abaft Aid they might be lore laying dowa • Oho. reran • [ tin might a shabbier fee us goverment of New South Wiles, sad Gad Vat la some of these provisoes there ware an mote this in or six persons qualified to be elected; and they might be creating a eine mosopoly when they were pro faning to saki as deities mull. This appeared to him a stress fern why they should not adopt sash a plea without inhumation. Anther °Westin was, that U they allowed these parsons the right to sit is the legislative mood whitest say power of diernistion is the crown, that these perms nominally /domed, sot deriving their power from the crown, sad deride( It from the people • ith that reetricies as to the amount of loaded pro perty which they Foolmed, they formed se obrareby to New booth Wake, which would obtain any legislation for the good of the people. They woes sow to leglelate for New tiesel Wales, sad so ono should tell him that the adopteon of the motion of the hes. hart. would sot be to pat power lab the hands of a tow rich people. The right hoe. googo -1 man opposite had another and a tonna plea—bat these persons should be partly elected and putty uomi sated by the crows. (" No.") Well, her would sot disease i that. He would only say that a plan still mars emenliested than that of the hos. ben. could sot be safely adopted by that house, and that at leut they ought to have 'some Information before they adopted sash plus. Mush stress kin been laid, is this debate, on the cos ideation of other colonies, but he thought they would be exosedingly imprudent if they were to adopt these soastitu- UM of other eremite r • rule for them in the legislation which they were about to adopt, because these eons cations, like our own constitution, hat in many to stances grown up and pradually the adonis. had become subject to them. He galled spoil the house, therelon, to adopt the resolution of the Increment, which all the evidence showed could be applied without danger to the colony. Mr. OLADSIONE culled that the constitution which it was proposed to apply to five colonies existed already in more this one of them. The very qualified approval of the governsuat plan which bad bees expressed in New South Wiles he likened to the plemnre experienced from the sere cessation of pain. He controverted the assertion that any lack of materials for an upper chamber would be ax le any but the smallest of the five dependencies. Ltrg d at the machinery of the penned single cham ber, of which twelve out of the thirty-six members were to be planholders and nominees, it was inevi table that the whole legislative power would pnictisally fall Into the hands of the government. Referring to the able direction of the new Australian constitution in the pamphlet lately written by Mr. A. Mackey, and to the re port of Dr. Lung, Mr. Oletletone characterised that coesti- Milton as founded on a false principle ; and stigmatised m especially fallacious the contrivance for checking the Inds • coos of democracy in the chamber, by swamping its independence with nominee votes. The right hot member then went into a variety of details cor tenting the early constitutional history of America and some of oar own eolooles, and (lettered that he awaited with pleasant the day when some dependency, grown great and free, should effect its peaceable separation from the moth( r country. Colonel THOMPSON ipproved of the amendment, but disliked the emequesure which had been shows by Lord J. Runt to Sow host it. The committee then divided. The numbers wen— For the clause For the amendment 147-61 Os the motion of Lord J. litissau., the chairman then reported preemie, and obtained leave to sit regain. BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE. Lord J. RUSSELL, oa the motion for reeding the order of the day far the committee on the Chief tillitiele Salaries Bill, laid it might be movenient if he now stated the coarse it was proposed to puns with regard to this business of the hems, and to the adjouranteat of the house to the Easter holidays. He palpated to allow tha hon. member for Ts viatuck to move the committee on the Duchies of Lassoester sad Corswall the first thing en Monday next, before the other orders of the day ; then be proposed to take a vote on account of the ordnance estimates, u ft would not be possible to take these estimates wail alter the expired= of the financial year. He intended to move those estimates on the Bth of April, when the ►euse met after the holiday.. It would be notary for the house to sit on Tauday next, to receive the report of the committee of supply; but se most of those hon. members who had notices on that paper had intimated that they were prepared to post pone them for that day, and se several hon. gentlemen would be anxious to leave town as that day, if the house rose early, he proposed that the house should meet oa Tues day at 12 o'clock at noon. (Hoar, bear.) He would postpone the Chief Justices Salerno Bill till Monday. DISTRESSED UNIONS (IRELAND). • Yr. GROGAN asked whether this htll would eau on ea Yowls, ? Lard J. RUSSELL had ..o objective' to postpone it until the Thursday tollowiag. PROCIa AND PRACTICES (IRELAND) BILL. The lessee west into enniesittee on tele bill, sad The SOLICITOR-GENERAL having obeyed the (met tles of deeps. _ _ 111 f. GROGAN 'Boded to the Lee of some of the often of the essay, who claimed compeaastion, and moved the is trelsodea of words grastinte s oapirmatioa. states that is seem Mantes pollen's d had an annuity equal to the salary "WY others were now paid. The SOLICITOR-ORNERAL scold amide to the intro duction of the words, bat did not deny that them were oases in which they ought to restive eompeation. The house had determined en sever giving la ileums L as set of par liament kW eempeseetion to all pumas whom came we re .L.. e& He hed rehmed it to the Tromery, sad, in future, whatever aempeenaties might be grant( d most be regulated by the Tharp Mr. RRYNOLDS..4O to the body of am knows as °man said amessise arks, who were paid by *Moe aimaik mod set paid salaries, the elates, is its t shape, would net give that elms of mew full i . He was deans to hear whether it was in d they should be re d without ocespemshos ? CtOLICITOR-GENERLL was 'sale to fare aa opinion whether these gentlemen were entitled to aspen alas seam, but he thought it possible there might be some etas which fairly naiad the, to compeasation. The Chancellor of the imbequer, at hie request, had put in the word ensploymest," so that if they were really entitled to ecispenteation, they would receive it. Mr. RBYNOLDS said that all he asked lathe capes. Lao given to English °Maw* under similar eirenneranews. The SOLICITOR•ORNBRAL said that the provisions la the Bella act, referred to a totally aims' gam of akin. _ _ Tbselause wu this oared to, ilo boom raramod, and lb* bill ordered to be ropoetod. FACTORIES BILL. This bill west through ocossaltteoprofoross. _ NATIONAL GALLERY IN EDINBURGH. On tiTssOtlins of Bir W. o.ERliti,l;;;;wasgTeen to bring in a Dill for the erestion, on the Karam )Load, in t►e city of Idlabargh. el buildings fora national gallery, and mbar purposes sonneeted therewith; and with tbo promotion of the fist arts in Scotland. • Sir W. MOLES WORTH said • very bean responsibility , hang ear bestrarable samba, en both sides •f the Muse, sad ha tented a peeper seas of that rapes- I sibility amid blame then im thole Wes •%pea tles steam under thole . The • alas fat the immedisto slosilindlos .1 the ten t alas as, what mad be the ben San of geneeseseat ha the Ausisa Wear 1 To awellar that stestia, it up. peered that they ought lint to aqua what wen the kW tunas whisk tbscry sad artisan hawed to be the 6 beet fee dollar semessitk• et Iloglkit • • cod haviag maga that nisei= le the bast tibilities they nries s ejim le that wits Wee imentatiess which that jadrosest preseageed to ham hiss the beet; ar i mar to guard against the masegasaisee acmes la jag , nos; mod in order also that the wiataties of a solos, r night Weise with its Was* eiremmassese, they ought isompeerer these Wake to shot sad maid h i e hals liens *lda they use To this la attached great impartages. Tbe right hem. • am (Mr. Lan'. then) •INNl•tei to that . Ho (Sir W. Meletwurth) might, theresen,meume weal antedate la a bill kw "abetter goverament of the Aweallion soissite, nese might to be a praisles empowering lie eekedie silos the institutions, which, in the Ins are bawd Ike them. The questioa at hems was, bite, what woo the best form , of samosa ter the eelealse le ms with ? With what esnaltslat might they 'UM Owl Into repreoenative existents ? N. regsatell. with that esaintenen whisk shay end aperients had rated to he best In dealer rowan nines. This whim& swarm to bin to be almost sell. *Tidiest ; bulbs tMt teem gentleman wad to *saw it. F rit was propsasl to an these &denim with a legislators • area of • dens dasher, in WWI oat-third of no na- shin were so be notalaated by the Colonial atom. and in fact wen to hold their mate at she will a the Coloolah allot ; that was to say, the noble lord, the ',seemed author of the Batons Bill, proposed to start Wee trilogies with a hems of legitimate similar to what the Helm of Cameos would be if we were to ropes' the Reform Bill. -imams 110 thaw and Old Swats, sad place the 220 seam at the disposal of the saiaistu of the day. flnah a eon. litigation was absurd in theory all ezperieses testified simian it ; sad Ito believed every authority mademsted , Bat ithad been said that their aoloake would Wm the power , to amend their oonstitatioue —that was to say, it was to start them with • bad alsetituties spa reposed that they would have the pear to Madge ' into • 'rood constitution at sow fame paned. Wm that the pulV s f a m to ama ? Tare was an old sad true maxim, a • ble the ealosiee, early, "bier a child is th e way • Wald go." (Laughter.) Toat wain was sow reversed. The sable lad would rear his eolaial eeildreg is the way 'boy should natio, sad Ina to accithat faisetties them right. I. oppositioa to theta& chamber se proposed, the how and lamed gontlesmo, the member for bleaburst, proposed that the legidature a the Australian Waits should consist of two chamber& So far he (Sir Wm. Molesworth) mned with the hon. and lamed gentle , man, sad should vote fa his motion, whisk, if curled, would only pledge the cassia.. to the opinion that the legislature, to be eastituted is the Anstralian masa, should 'Witt of two sham ten • and would not is any will, pledge the muusittos with regard to the Is. of the two ambers. The how sad leaned gentleman inteeda sub sequently to propose that one et the shanben should be nominated. ;meat point he (Sir W. Moles worth) entireld with him, gad intesited to propose that loth clashmo shield be elective. But it it said by tat right hon. gentians. (Mr. Lawton) that then are spe vial reasons why, is the Australian colonise, the lmislatere should coast of • emote clasher ; these op eial numbs, as fare New South Wales Woe was coaseraa, might be stated is a very few words. It was stated that the tomtits lion of a colony ought to be framed is sesordases with the wishes of its inhabitants. It was asserted that the inhabitants of Nu r Birth Wales were well satisfied with the present conaltutioe ; that they maned it to any tulp r fora' of goveraraent ; and that, if they should wish to Mange it, they could gratify their wishes icier the provialoas of this bill. Thous arra. mats were clear and distinct—whether they were valid or sot he would presently consider. But, supposing for a a mens that they were valid, a would ark by what process of remosisg was the conalusioa arrived at that parliament ought to give the constitution of New South Wales to the other four Australian colonies? It might be • fair argu ment to say that as parliament had gine a count u ion ti Ni, South Wales, though Is so doing it had com mitted • gnat mistake and framed a very bad cocetitution, yet it ought not to clews that constitution without Mt content of the Inhabitant of the colony. That might be a fair argument, bat surely it was an absurd argusteat to say that because parliament had made • mistake with regard to New South Wales, it ought to make few similar mistakes with regard to four other camas. He mated it could net be wise policy to start • colony with • bad oenwitation; that wee fa a wrogg dl ration, as the plea that it would have the power to blunder hereafter a • right direction. The wise policy would be to give the missy hat the beginning those instintticas Wish reason cod spacious had prated to be the best, and if—with delibe rate folly the colony should wish to change them for to went, permission to do ao should be granted. It said not be 'laded that it gas of importune that all the Australiaa salmi's should have idiotically the same 'attitudes', bemuse by the bill they were to be empowered to Wan their instinitions, and therefore to make them differ if they pleased. Lastly, there was not ea tittle of evident* to show that either Victoria or Via Diemea's Lead, sr South Australia, or Western Australia, wished for the easeitatia of New Sauk Wales. He did not day that these admits woad prefer say an of repreeentaive psverawat to so raneestative gonsatheat at all. For Vietecia wee most axioms to be separated from New South Wales, V.a Dismiss load biped by obsess of representative inetitations to get rid of Wasporation ; South Australia sad Waters Australia bag wished In sone soatrol ever their own seas ; sad for Woe rose ti se dab' they would prefer this bill tone bill at all. He had noteggiesed the bill in say of its 'wan stages, air should ha luppre it altar It had weed *Wash the coa lmine,. Bat helmet hoped that the 10•Ullit•S• would be per suaded to west the lell Mesa mown feasted upon ',nod peinelpiso, and Weaned to give, set a momentary, bat per- Menewt eililkolleit to the saioniem (Divide.) The papers mannied to winnow only proved that the inhabitants of that War preihned their present constitution to a mach wenn ene. Nish the Smeary of Stets fir the co'onlas istimail hi wish to bestow ups New South Wales. If boa ninhin would 71131 to • dm?stala from the Secretary of Site In the Coke& s to the Reverser of New Sena Wale., deal the filat of liiy, 1847, they wadi Sad a slaesesent tea the leak earl to the ellen that the Saw if thi potato era had fa seas time 'Deviated rodlonsa from steadier to the stairs el tllll Australian estiniosi that the 'Weal lastitatiess of those aissies ought to be reessetruesed; that :the mensal week. ias eif the esealeas of New Beath Wass as sot saga- Way ; and that a ammisaties, wanner of two What ham, was bat sellomitted to ensure judicious and prudent lesidatisa. Thee the noble earl intimated kis wish to make a most exaserdinary share in the coadtatica of New Both Wales; he proposed to digrambies the Wenn of that inlay, and to coarse the right of elate as wean of the legated," costal oa certain "latehis, called district councils. (Benewod cries of " sad "Hear, hear.") The sone earl prepaid thiesionito make es great • change is the emetinsties of that easy as would be made in the minatitatios el Log i/sad, if el than electors were to be deprived of their votes and ashes of parliameat IMO to he sleeted ealy by in; aspen sal tammun commit of the he. Batravegat as sash • peopessl would be for Baaland it wee still mere ealmegent for New Sean Wales, for tits ishabitaate of that missy atomised a spade* atones to t 0... "And* etessilm" aad had witted lair eatablieleneat by eremy was is their power. Usfortasately they wore the hawks tering of the newt Sagotary of Saw for the Oases, Week nothing would law Motto aboadoo. But it was said that if the Wales wished for British lash. team they would be able to get them, beams they were to have power to alter and wad their lastitstioms. Now, to whoa as this pewee to be entrusted ? It as to be gives by the government mown to • legislative owasell is which outhfrd of the mamba was to bold their sas at the will of the Colonial dike. What would be the eogsequeseta If the nondosta members sated together es a body, ateerdi a to the directions of the Colookladlos, it would be very ealt for the elective members to defeat them; he this por poise it would be emissary that awe than three-fearthe of the elective members should art eordially towbar. We sweats complained in that how that the number of °Mi dst members combated with the government exercised an undue aflame over their dation ; yet the Inaba of dial members la the Home of Commons did sot exceed forty, or lass than ea Mae* of the wale, sad all of them responsible to coastituats, sad that re sponsibility inflamed their votes. What would be the slats of that house if 220 members ' that was, one third of their amber, held their mats at the will of the government of At day, sad were responsible to no constituents ? Would It be possiblo ever to wry any mw - sure spin Om parnmemat (Hose, heir.) Hs should think set. N. doubt the difswee is the aggregate as. bits meld male" gesseidsnahle diforeses is th. workless if • slake inotination is the Wass. Bat be thesibt net, aevathelme, it woad be very dials& is disseminate to carry an amen against the Coastal °Rem fingspose, however, that the elective membersshoul d emesed Wataity or thrtats I. defeating the COW& rise loslito, as m it was termed, what would be tam 41111111- =P It w 00(060118 CMS is New South Wales the matbses locked dam y.pouou the eentioated stsealiet is the are Wit of Me and as WWI= Is geed gemenommt. (Res, bar.) TWA,' the eke** wawa mead, without mene doubt, ehoai mes that than ilendl be me mendosted mambas is the at 11. Wald they, then, that Oa be • Woad *ember ? He d it. They add "sly /OM Ire of aoseinatil wad Amber it else >tea of denim steal Wombat. They wall net pane • ssislosied *amber. hewn thee maid anew Z:e seZZ a hav• argued Mine, that a undated mead her be • greater &Wel' to pod gamma than • esimerity of annalemn Ina stone shinier. Fee with a Mane thank, es esseihnied, the animated smoothers wild set defeat the Whet at the rernerstallms el the people, if they were well agreed tssger ; whWn, em the contrary. with • antalasted west*saber, the sondem of the Coastal office would be We, whenever they night think raper, to reject no wawa of the reptant/lime of the people, however an they might be. Therefore it was maim that they would sot prows • nominated wad amber. (Hear, hear.) Wald they propose an elective wend await ? He doubted it. Fur whoa an n had we tamed ',paler wanes, when they had we enjoyed Widest reputation and power, they wen not willing to raise up rivals a themselves, woo should possess equal power sad perhaps neater reputation. Now what was true of the isitividaal eta woe weal true of bodies of MS as far es pettiest sad Ulises were cenesead. . Tandem he did COUNTY RATBS BILL. Mr. BERZIPOED, having complained of the aoudad of her hiejairs ideentaeat oa the redoes evening with ri med tie the eiddithee ea the Ode bill, withdrew hie aes ties he Win the mese el Mr. Haase thereto. The Imes Mimed at bellied Noe Ale*. Yesterday Was p!tated the bal. la minded by the asamitew raipastiag meat of malt arwriarila. Ai 11 row *at 61. Wasawata w to be rated Se do wows samposs pate Was and highway rata, WWI atee die gaging SUICIDE AND AlOll OF NEGLECT AGAINST THE Awroesmos or /Imes Coueeo iloerrru..—Yeater day, the adjourned inquest as Lbw Byes. who committed saWila by swallowing opium. sad wbase death it was alleged had hem asselented by Me removal from /Lift's= Respite' Mas plies stela% was hold before Yr. at the Pisan puns Mae, Oarei-strait. TM paraders of the an apposed fa the lames of Tkumlay. TM lagafq wee adjoareed for the pewees of having the opiaioa a t Kr. Gawp A. Walker, and ea the jury maseesabliog , is t.rdsp, Mr. Welker said the treatment adopted by Mr. Steel was quite correct up W a .crabs period. The M ewed meld lave bad • balm asses of recovery if she bad not bass swore& hem die beqpitel.-11:. Stmbrook deputy-animas of the beenta, said ibe hexes wpm ha no other allumative but to wed the dowsed from the Me pital. Tare were upwards of lint pothole in the lame, sad if time deceased had been kept welkin about the air riders of the diarist wards, the patients would have been distorted tied their lives endangered.—The jury, after wevaliess Isr •OM Use, returned a yerdist " That the Mewed died Gen the elects of opium, administered by WNW while Is a elate of temporary insanity, sad that her bast wee anisinted by her rameal." lhe dErpreofs. OUTGOING NAILS. The soda eM MarsaMee. to the Mediteersseau, Egypt, (kle% led* Emet at Eest, dte., /Al be mad* up ea the evening et the "Tili The e. iki W iamall est nt eei ralielisigima Menth . 411% MtlisillE sla eibil:ll Vekla b :a.. 11 ::: Kama, Header's, New Orlesus, Mexise, sad minding theme fur Madeira, Ift , Jusa-de-Nlearagus, New Grenada, ChM, sad Peru, will le made up ow April 2. The hails fee Modell% the Ersalle, sad Baena Ayres, will he made up ea the eves's( el Aril 4. The nails for Brithh Meth Amides sad the United Oar will be made up es the nether et April 6. The nalle fee Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonise Limb, M r bides, lo sad Chloe, eh Ileuthamptes, will het:april WOE WATIII AT LONDON MOOD ANerosALlft. ADmigNa. M. Ala LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 23. Tug constitution of oar colonial legislatures was lcanvassed list night at considerable length. We have not been much edified by the discussion. Mr. Dmitri., Mr. Mow Arr, Mr. Busts, and Mr. AOLIONBT. spoke most to the purpui_ e. Minis ters on the one hand, and M r . WALPOLE on the other, were aiming by different means to ensure one and the same end. Both were ani , mated by a vague and undefined dread of some terrible democratic power latent in the colonies, and seek to bridle it, the as. by associating a number of nominees with the elected local legislators, the other by creating a nominee council with a voice u powerful u that of the elected legislators. But it might be dangerous to let the colonists know that what is really aimed at is to prevent and neutralise the free exercise of the elective franchise that is to be conferred on them in appearance. And hence the rpeakers resort to mystified a-..d mystifying appeals to the forms of the British constitution. With respect to ministers, it was not easy to listen to Mr. LanoucHasx's expressions of vent ra tion for the seven years' old institutions of New South Wales, which nave u yet no existence in the other colonies, with de. gravity. Mr. Wsheohn's arguments are es feeble. He maintains that British colonies ought to have British institutions. Granted : but this does not mean that every petty local govern ment is tobe an exact counterpart of the imperial consti tution. This, indeed, seems to have been the view that was taken by the framers of the first constitutions for our West India islands, and what was the cense ' queues ? That Barbados, Nevis, and ether little islands had not only Governors, Councils, and Houses of Assembly,: to represent our King, Lords and Com mons; but Courts of Chancery, King's Bench, Exche quer, Common Pleas, and Admiralty to render the re semblance perfect. There were courts for which neither suitors, barristers, nor udges could be had ; and in consequence the same in dividuals were obliged to "double " the various characters, as it is called in theatrical parlance. In short, a colony organised exactly on the model of the old country would bear much the same resemblance to it that the little gentleman does to the big in Punch's carica ture entitled " A chip of the old block." Toe main question is, what do the colonists them selves want? As far as New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and Victoria are concerned, the evi dence goes to show, that if they have any preference, it is for a single legislative assembly. But oar advo cates of double cLamben ignore this evidence, and look to Canada, to the West Indies, to the Cape of Good Hope, everywhere, in short, except to Australis, to learn what the Australians want. The decision of the House of Commons that there shall be one legislative chamber in each colony, com posed two-thirds of elective and one-third of nominee members, is not what we could have wished; but, with all deference to oar colonial doctrinaires, it might have been worse. The best decision would have been in favour of one legislative chamber purely elective ; the next, in favour of two chambers both elective ; the one chamber with a minority of nomi inee members is decidedly preferable to an elective chamber to vote one way, and a nominee chamber to vote another. In fact, these partially elective chambers will prove mere constituent assemblies. So hostile are the colonists to any nominee admixture, that, at the first elections, all the elected members will be returned pledged to avail themselves of the powers conferred by the 35th clause, and frame forth with new constitutions more in harmony with the rights, interests, and wishes of the colonists. The Australian Colonies Government Bill will enable the colonists to make constitutions for themselves, and that is its great and sole recommendation in Our eyes. The question relative to the waste lands of Australia raised by the bill is, In what hands shall the manage ment and disposal of them be vested ? The natural answer would seem to be, In the bands of the imperial government. Australia was discovered by expedi tion. fitted out at the expense of the British people, it was taken possession of for the behoof of the British people—of the whole British people as a corporation, whether resident in these islands or in any of their dependencies. They are crown lands, that is, lands held by the crown in trust for the people, to be administered for the people's advantage. This is the view respecting public or waste lands which has been acted upon, and successfully, in the United States. The President and Congress have had the administration of all the waste lands devolved upon thew It wee to this arrangement that America ivas indebted for the power to raise loans for the defence of bee leant libetties, Coogrem having power to maim, her waste lands for the debt. It is to this arrangement that she is indebted for the generally peaceable manner in which she has been able to ex tinguish the Indian title throughout the territories of the Union, an indispensable preliminary to the culti vation of those lands, and in no small degree for the rapid extension of her internal impro vements. What is there to hinder the adoption of a similar system for the management ant disposal of oar oolonial waste lands ? The conclusion, therefore, at which we arrive is, that only two alternatives are open—to reserve the management of waste lands in the colonies to the imperial government, or to vest it in the legislature of each colony. If the management of colonial waste lands by the imperial monument is to be conducted, as now, by a commission destitute of the necessary powers, by a mere excrescence of the Colonial-office, we woald infinitely prefer tows the disposal of waste lands entrusted to the local legislatures. But we are re luctant to abandon the hope that their disposal may yet be vested in a board directly responsible to parliament malaria" to the Land Offioe of the United States. The considerations raised by the amendments, of which Mr. HUTT and Mr. J. B. SMITH have given notice, are powerful arguments for making one last effort to attain this object. Tuns is no class connected with shipping which has a deeper interest in the improvement of our Mer chants Service than underwriters; for on them falls the weight of its present deficiencies: yet they, equally with shipowners and shipmasters, are die satisfied with Mr. LABOUCHEReB bill. Scareely a month passes that does not inflict on Lloyd's several oases of loss arising from avoidable collisions, or from other ate:ideate or misadventures produced by incompetency or negligence on the part of muter and crew. In Lloyd's a decided preference is shown for policies of insurance on cargoes in fo reign bottoms; for in Swedish and American ships the stowage of freight is mach mare skilfully ar ranged, its condition during the voyage is mach more sedulously and for, the masters are generally mare attentive and the crew more sub ' ordinate, than is usually to be found in the second and third classes into which the British mercantile marine may be divided. And on the substance of Lloyd's it is that the inferior race of ships and ship owners have ID long preyed, to the serious injury not merely of the national character but of national capital also. When, then, the feeling of Lloyd's is strong against portions of Mr. LAnoucnue's bill, it is pretty obvious that there must be something wrong about the measure ; for the pecuniary In terests of underwriters, of course, make them more favourable to government interference in shipping than their clients. the insured, can be. _ _ The Merchant Service may, as we have just indicated, be divided into three classes : 1. The ship ping owned by such great capitalists as the WIORAILB and the ORSINI) of London, and the Surma of New castle ; who, building first-rate vessels, place them under first-rate management, and can, consequently, always procure the best freight or the highest char tens for them. These vane* there can be no second opinion, are the finest merchant ships the world ham ever event and are commanded and navigated by officers and crews of which the country may well be proud. Such ship; and such masters and sailor; cannot be improved by laws, however skilfully de vised ; and any power of regulation exercised by the Board of Trade over administration and manage ment so excellent as those of their owners must be mischievous and injurious. 2. There is next a elms of shipping, the property of capitalists, inferior is intelligence and wealth to the BREEN; W TOWN, and Suns; but which are, nevertheless; fairly and reputably managed. A considerable pro portion of the vessels belonging to this port, to Abut ' den, and the better description of Sunderland ships, sad some of course in every port of any magnitude, may be no ranked. This class is, moreover, yearly increasing in numbers and in respectability ; on rat the pressure of competition is exerc:sing a very salu tary influence; its owners are preparing themselves for the struggle which the abolition of the navigation laws has rendered inevitable, and are mom and more employing masters who have undergone the voluntary examination, end selecting their crews with more and more discrimination. This second, though net a perfect, is a very hopeful, clam of ship ping. 3. And, lastly, there is a large and also an increasing clan of ships, which are a disgrace to the country ; owned by persons of insufficient capital, mortgaged to persona who traffic on the poverty or the insolvency of their owners, by giving them freight in a lump sum, cad then ever loading the ship, to make a profit out of their bargain; commanded by skippers who education have none, who are brutal and drunken in their habits, on whom all experience is thrown away ; and under whom a decent crew won't sail. This class is the horror of underwriters, and brings discredit on the nation wherever it sails. It is the third cLuirCof 'shipowners and their adhe rents (who, like the corresponding division of land owners and their tenants), were such inveterate enemies of free trade ; and it is just this class whose backs foreign competition will break. But their destruction, so far from being an injury, will be a positive benefit to the nation. Their vessels (as the estates of insolvent squires, or the farms of bad cultivation) will pass into the hands of men competent by their pecuniary means to own, and fit by their intelligence, to manage ships. So owned, some little education will be required on the part of apprentices ; and it is from apprentices having the rudiments of education, that the great improve ment of the merchants service nay be expected to spring : for it is from apprentices that able-bodied sailors are made; and it is from men before the mast that states and masters are to be selected. 'fine newer, therefore, the pressure of competition can re duce this class, the sooner will the character, and, with the character, the profits, of the mercantile marine be improved. Now what Lloyd's, so far as we can ascertain, com plain of in Mr. Lteotraixex's bill is, that whilst it provides for everything that needs either little or no regulation, it con'ains no provisions which will re press the incompetence or punish the negligence of the masters and crews of this class of shipping, of which underwriters are so continually the victims. With the examination clause, Lloyd's are, it seems, generally satisfied : but they ask for greater security than the bill furnishes, that collisions, accidents, and injury to cargo, shall be thoroughly investigated into, and, when traced to incompetency or to misconduct, that punishment and disgrace should follow. The bill does, it is true, make some provision for such in vestigation; but upon thu motion of the Board of Trade only. This is, it is argued, a restriction that may practically render the investigation clauses in operative. No persons, it is said, have a greater interest in such investigations than underwriters ; for they it is who suffer most severely from incompetence or misconduct; and it is not an unreasonable request that such investigation should always follow either a complaint of an suthorised agent of Lloyd's, or of the underwriters on whom ge or total loss has fallen. Investigation being them secured to underwriters, punishment ought, it is contended, to follow proven incompetence, misconduct, or negligence ; and such punishment will, it is thought, be best found in the deprivation or suspension of the offending master or mate's certificate, without the production of which no vegetal ought to be cleared by the Custom House. But, whilst thus seeking for greater security for competency and care on the part of ship mater's, un derwriters admit that these securities ought to be accompanied by much more stringent powers to mas ters over Crews than Mr. LABOCCIIERE'S bill will confer. The same train of reasoning which justifies the examination of ship angers and mates,—viz.: a regard for the life and property under their skill and care—applies with even stronger force to measures for the proper subordination of ships' crews ; for wi'h far has, or rather with no, respon sibility, a ship's crew hes just as much power over life and property as the master. At pre sent the whole tendency, not merely of our legisla tion, but, unfortunately, of public feeling, is in favour of sailors ; and they have been so fostered by law, protected by magistrates' decisions, end encouraged by impunity for misconduct, that they are masters of the vessels they navigate. For greater offences the law of mutiny is, of course, applicable ; but for the correction of those minor offenses, in the absence of which discipline, good order, proper stowage, freedom of cargo from injury during voyage, and economy so mainly depend, there is no law at all. And the con sequence of the care and protection with which legislation has surrounded sailors, to their own great and manifest injury, is, that in every port there is a class of lawyers and sgents who trade in getting up cases against shipmasters whenever a vessel gets into pent. The master, thus helpless on shore, too frequently becomes tyrannical and brutal at sea ; so that the present state of law, withholding all confidence from masters, and pro tecting by every means in its piwer !sailors, injures the character of both. THE Dean and Chapter of Rochester do not appear to have been very fortunate in selecting a chaplain of Bucks Gaol to succeed a Fellow of Trinity as muter of their Grammar School : for instead of a testimo nial from his pupils of their gratitude for his instrac tion, such as Mr. WHISTON got, Mr. MEERES, their new pedagogue, has, it seems, been convicted of a very wanton and tyrannical waren on one of their foundation boys. That these boys should be deprived by their patrons, the chapter, of the maintenance they are entitled to, and beaten by their master, beceuse at a season when most noses are running, and not a few bones are aching, they happen. to cough, is a combi nation of injustice and bad treatment not, in thews days of active sense of responsibility, to be found out of cathedral establishments. The chapter starves, and the muter beats, the boys. This is not the way to make Rochester School a very attractive establish ment. But Muter BAMFORD'S cough was an irreverent ' cough; it was a cough of insult and insubordina tion. Aye, there it is; Mr. MEafeEs, with a con sciousness of the false position in which he is placed, secs offence in every motion of every pupiL TRACY can't blow his nose without meaning to remind him , of Bucks Gaol ; Seosa can't look with disgust on the miserable garret into which the Chapter has thrust their grammar-school, without impeachment of the ex-chaplain's humanities or mathematics ; and prr BAMFORD can't cough without intimating to Mr. MRERIS that, after all, Mr. WHISTON is his legal muter. Thus it is : " conscience doth make cowards of us all." And Mr. Mamas, irritated by its re proaches, breaks a stick over Butroare's back; and compels the lad to kneel u devoutly before him, the representative of modern cathedral shortcomings, as if he had been GONDELPHOS, the great benefactor of Rochester, himself. In the surreptitious appointment of a person Sc unfit for the situation as this conviction proves Mr. MEEREB to be, the wicked will find evidence that the Dean and Chapter, after having attempted to punish Mr. WIIISTON for endeavouring to make diem do their duty . by the foundation boys, are now attempt i_n_g to punish the public of Rochester, for supporting Mr. WHISTON, by destroying the grammar school of that city. No such suspicion crosses our mind ; we know church dignitaries too well ; any intention of the kind involves a forethought, even of wickedness, such as eapitular bodes never indulge in. Their faults ars selfish stupidity, insensibility to moral obli gations, and immovability—all faults of a negative character. But when the tendency of their present proceedings is obviously to ruin Rochester Ununmar School, these dignitaries must not be surprised if the vulgar do ascribe that result to a deliberate intention. AINW L i i I 1; 1 ,~ o'l 4! 111