The Express. — London, England, 1855-01-18 00:00:00

THE NEW RETURN OF NEWSPAPER STA3IPS. The rears st suripsper stamps juid Waal gives the lrllewisi fir: First Quarter. home Cleertsr. Daily News . . 319,191 348,044 lieeolsi Herald . . 303,000 299,000 Meesieg Fast . . 206,000 221,100 Mersin Chreshie . 163,500 186,100 Ixpreas . . 177,133 196,389 Globe . . . 176,000 195,000 B. a . • . 160,000 192,001 Stseellost . • . 103,000 104.000 vie enotoo• TO CORRESPONDIANTS. domed denims .• The itzpr!.s," ecoulabw the same a Quetta," la published every Tuesday sad Iriay debt= Mw Mapadislabeadet fir The Rowed." Looks limbs yam Pill beat the ONsh 10. houeerie.etreets by Tree eels* ow UK be d pabileaties. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim Div —litioles. lb. lies... ....lllbassebh *A. Tb.brossow—Norsing. lb. MON^ ft, Um. LONDON, TZUBSDAYs-17AND4RT 18. LATEST NEWS FROM ABROAD THE FRENCH LOAN. --..-- (ay susitkanni AND NILITIAZ 121.1101APH4 (111031 ODA OWN COUNSPONDINT.) PARIS, TEDISDAY MOINDINI: The official account states the amount raised of the New Loan to be 2,175,000,0001 r. (two thousand an hundred and seventy-five million francs). The English subeeriptions amount to 150 millions, thus of other foreign nations to u much. The sub scriptions of 500 fr. and under amount t0836,000,000fr. —exceeding by 336,000,u00fr. the amount borrowed. The above, which appeared in the Daily News of this morning, is confirmed by the Moniteur of to-day. INAL COPENHAGEN, JAL 17. The bill for altering the Fundamental Law has palmed the Volksthing to-day, on a first reading, by 90 against 5 votes.—Doi/y Sews. THE CRIMEA. From a telegraphic despatch in the second edition of the Morning CAronir:e, we learn that the ifonitsur of this day states, under the date of " Pen, Jan. 11," that Omer Parch* was at the camp before Sebastopol on the sth inst., where the generals of the Allied Armies agreed with him on their combined opera tions. Omer Pacha re•embarked for Varna on the 6th, and after giving his last orders there, would return immediately to the Crimea, to take the com mand of the Turkish army already landed. The Russians attempted a sortie on the Bth, but were vigorously repulsed. ARRIVAL OF THE EUPHRATE. We ( Times) have received the following telegraphic despatch from our correspondent at Marseilles : "MARSEILLES, WEDNE4DAT MORNING, Jun. 17. "The Enphrate, which left Constantinople on the Bth inst., has arrived. "Despatches for the Government left at 7.43. "The news from the Crimes is to the 3rd of January. "The French batteries were daily approaching nearer Sebastopol. "The weather was still very bad. "Only two Russian ships remain now armed. " Omer Pasha has returned to Varna from Lops toria." RUSSIA AND THE WESTERN POWERS. We (Times second edition) have reeeived the fol lowing telegraphic despstcli from our correspondent at Vienna: " VIENNA, THURSDAY MORNING. "The English and French Ministers have received powers enabling them to treat for peace with Russia." PARIS BOURSE. PARIS, WEDNINIPA Y. Closing prices :—Three per Cent. Renter, for money, 68.70 ; for account, 68.60 ; ditto Four-and-a-Half per Cents., for money, 93.23. Bank Shares, 2,953. The Three per Cents. have risen about 1 per cent., and the Four-and-a-Half per . Cents. II per cent. since Tuesday.—Daily New. HEREDITARY ADMINISTRATORS. Haat was; IN expectation of Ministers being called, uwe yesterday stated they would be, to account for the manner in which the war has hitherto been con ducted, a defence for them is prepared beforehand. They lacked power, it is insinuated, and failed be cause they were not despots. On discussion, on freedom of speech, on newspaper reports and criti cisms, is thrown the blame of their want of success. In this literary age, the description of a deed is consi dered by literary men of more importance than the deed itself; and those who point out an evil are accused of causing it. Publicity, discussion, remarks of travellers, manly, honest letters from soldiers, are described as great inconveniences to be acquiesced in for the sake of some great advantages. "The principle of war,"saysthe Edinburgh Review, adoptingthesesen timents, "is authority direct, rapid, uncompromising and we had almost said, uncontrolled ; it is therefore the reverse of that principle of parliamentary govern ment, under which all authority is limited by a thousand conflicting forces and interests. Nor is it in the ranks of the army alone that rigid discipline is essential to success ; every department of military administration ought to be equally absolute, for the fate of an army may turn on one single act of neglect. Above all, the conflict between different branches of the public service is destructive of all good adminis tration, and unity of command is one of the most important conditions of success." All this is meant to imply that the want of uncontrolled authority by the Ministers is the cause of the disasters in the Crimea. Freedom, the very soul of good ness, is to be condemned, because certain lords and gentlemen have wanted foresight and vigour. Why should there be, the public will require to know, a conflict between different branches of the public service while we have a Prime Minister? He controls, or ought to control, the whole; he appoints or recommends all the subordinate members of the Cabinet, and if there be a want of unity among them he is to blame. The First Lord of the Admiralty, the Secretary of War, are to do his bidding or the resolves of the Cabinet, of which he is the head, and if they do not it is his business tol dismiss theta. may be absolute' and if Lord maid exist eked" k is . !ben the wiakness is It not a feet, t 'mat Is absolute P Dare any man in the army— wisibersCieneral, a Commissary, a Cink, ore Soldier, S ie er ii. d . kohey the orders Cl the Comasander-in wref his commanding rear P Dares the Com abte' disobey the orders of the Secretary cl State for War, or of the Prints Minister, peremp torily given ? The military administration may be distributed through too many hands in order to multiply places for dependents, but the rule of our whole military system is absolute power in every superior, and passive obedience in every inferior. Nor is the rule different in the naval administration. The First Lord of the Admiralty is, or may be, absolute over his department. To secure unifce nifty of action, the present First Lord, when formerly in office, abolished the sometimes con flicting Navy Board, brought all the offices of command to the Admiralty, and united them all under one head and at one place. Since then no Commissioners of the Navy, no practical shipwrights, _ no practical captains, have had to give an opinion on the First lard's orders on certain points before carrying them into execution; and they might have been executed with as much celerity, if he were a man of capacity who understood his business, as the orders of the most absolute Monarch. In fact, the rule of military life in our country, as in every country, from the Commander-in-Chief to the Lance Corporal, from the Lord High Admiral to the Middy, as established by the Mutiny Act, passed for the very purpose of excepting the military from common law control, is Absolute Power; and it might as well be pretended that a man is not, if he please, absolute muter in his own house, or a manu facturer in his own mill, as that our military rulers within their spheres are not absolute because there is for; Ministers a parliamentary ac countability. Over the military chiefs the Crown, or the Prime Minister wielding its authority, is in fact absolute, though the Crown or the Ministers be accountable for the exercise of power to the Parlia ment and the country. . . Despotism in the - most extreme case is not irre sponsible; but its accountability is to a less enlight ened tribunal than Parliament. All men acting together are accountable to one another. No man can possibly prevent his conduct from making impressions on others, or prevent those impressions from being reflected back to himself. Tyranny tries in vain to stop this. It shrouds itself in the mystery of temples, it hides itself in palaces, and surrounds itself with guards and servants; but the guards and servants are then the other men it acts with, and from whose impressions it cannot escape. The tyrant is accountable to them—to other tyrants—to Muftis, or Ulemas, or Boyards, or Gene rals, or Ministers, or aspiring relatives, or whoever else he may act and live with; and his accountability generally leads to his being smothered in a bath, or strangled, or shot, or knocked on the head with clubs, according to the manners of those with whom he lives and acts. Parliamentary and national account ability, accompanied by public discussion—in which one violent or ambitious man is always kept in check by some other violent or ambitions man—leads, as its ultimate result, to a mere forfeiture of office, or to public censure—an acute punishment to a sensitive mind, and has the effect of improving the agent it I alive. This is much superior to the accountability of tyranny. Ministers ask for an impossibility—power without responsibility; and, if their wishes were granted, instead of responsibility to an inquiring, moral, reflecting people, amongst whom discussion corrects mutual errors and establishes the tribunal of reason, they would become responsible to an infuriated sol diery or • mob, and would suffer the penalty of the bowstring or the dagger. Bat the responsibility of the rulers of free men supposes talent, energy, and capacity—supposes in them a superiority very different from that of birth or the power to pen a diplomatic note, or deliver a speech in Parliament. The knowledge of affairs and a capacity to command are not the heritage of a class. When a person, whatever may be his birth, without knowledge and capacity to command, will undertake to dispose of armies, distribute fleets, and carry on war, he is obliged to trust, or rather to obey, others, who have the knowledge and capacity to command. BONAPARTE understood the machine he directed. But some of our Ministers, it would appear, find it necessary to put themselves under the tutelage of others. Like other ignorant men, they more often follow the counsels of the most presumptuous or the greatest pretenders, than those of the most skilful. From their incapacity arise conflicting jurisdiction, contradictory orders, and neglected duties. They shove aside those who have the capacity to command and usurp their functions. A vast multiplication of unnecessary offices, complex arrangements, and into lerable confusion, are the consequences. A hereditary Legislature is au moistly in the eye of abstract reason, but when hereditary legislators also become hereditary administrators—uniting in themselves more than the powers of the Levites and the Brahmins—they grasp inch a monopoly of functions that only some great disgrace or calamity can enable the public reason to prevail against them. The nation, considering its rank, civic achievements, the increase of its popula tion and wealth, the single warlike object on which its great power ought now to be concentrated, was not unwarranted in anticipating a splendid success ; and its disappointment is due to thou who, having misapplied and misdirected its resources, exult at having deepatched an army abroad about equal to that which, while contending in almost every quarter of the world, their feeble predecessors sent against Walcheren. , The vice which begins with incapable Ministers descends through every rank of the service. Men are appointed to command from their relation ship to those who want capacity. Very often the nominal general is not the real com mander. Happy is he if his adjutant-general, or some other person, be capable of performing his duties. Often it is the captain of the fleet, rather than the admiral, who is the efficient com manding officer. Only now and then, on some great emergency, does a WELLINGTON or a NELSON Mrs up, who is both nominally and really a commands, As with generals and admirals so with colonels and captains, the major, the adjutant, the first lieutenant, or the muter, as it ma be, is really the commanding head of the regiment or the ship. Occasionally the capacity is united with the nominal command, but only by chance ; and the rule in both the military and naval services—the oonmequenes of the aristocraey's usurping runtime for which they have no special capacity, and trying for ever to wield power and to shirk responsi bility-‘-is the appointment of incapable men to corn mend. This, and not the want of absolute power, with which Ministers, so far as the military is coa -1 cerned, are endowed, is the root of our deficiencies and we shall increase the evil now, and continue it hereafter, if we suffer ourselves to be diverted into censuring the publicity which makes the evil nuudfaat. the law haa 'poly been by Witter' of the prey, u the press has become free and phwerful. Bo it is with the military sdraisisteMies, Which has only fallen so much behind the rest or society because for years the press hashed widest interest nor otos/lon- to look after it. To supptes that any branch of the public service can be benefited by being removed from vigilant public inspection, is to set up a few individuals as superior to the whole society. A great principle is brought into question, and the press will be false to itself if it do not Rio, the reproeolt of failure from publicity back on the brattiest monopolists of power.—Daily News. oomplete the week samisseesd before Bebastopol, irrespective of the general profewdcms, more at iso sincere, mad* 'ioi the name of the Czar. The Berlin cabinet is inking with pincher earnestness the necessity of utspendiag hostilities until the belligerents shall have punned further the recent endeavour to arrive at an understanding. It is believed that the recent irruption of Russian troops into the Dobrudsoha was mainly intended to demonstrate to the Allies that the advantages offered by an armistios were not mono polised by Russ* It is not certain that the Aus trian government was not a party to; the macceuvre. —Daily Naas. great efforts obtain the cow . artnisties. '1" concluded *lib lilt.Peterr The Bavarian Minister, Harr von der Pfordten, when moving, in the Bavarian Chamber, on the 12th, a bill for granting a credit to the Minister of ' War, said that the hopes of a restoration of peace had been gaining ground for some days, but that it was just as probable that war would continue and even sesame vaster proportions ; it was, therefore, neces sary to be prepared for every eventuality. By way of Hamburg we have advice* from War saw of the 10th inst., giving further amounts of Rus sian military movements. Two divisions of the corps lames under General Paniutin are advancing by forced marches on Odessa, taking the road through Beasarabia: These troops are to reinforce the Rus sians in the Crimea. The second brigade of the Cuirassiers of the Guards, under General Tumanski, are quartered at Warsaw and in the neighbourhood of that city. General Essen, with the picked regi- ment of the so-called Chevaliers Gerdes, is at Siad lit. General Blowers, who commanded the first corps d'armee, had arrived at Warsaw from his head-quar ters at Radom, and left again on the Bth for Mitten. General !Rowers is charged by the Emperor to or ganise a new army, called the " Baltic army," the troops which were formerly posted between Rip and Cronstradt having been ordered to the Polish fron tier. The head-quarters of the Baltic army will be at Mittau. General Mnriavieff, recently appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian force. in Asia, paned through idoecow on the 7th, to assume his command. La Patric gives the following details of the mea- surer taken by the Russian government to keep open the communication between St. Petersburg, Cron etadt, and the principal points of the neighbouring cout: "The Russian government has this year had con structed in the Gulf of Finland between St. Peters burg and Cronstadt a wide causeway, bordered on each side at every 20 paces with young firs cat in the neighbouring forests, and fixed in the ice and snow so as to form an avenue. Every 1,100 yards are also fixed posts, roughly squared and painted in the national colours, with little flags on their tops. About every mile and a quarter there are huts made of wood planking where good fires are kept up for the use of travellers. To light up the road at night above these huts are powerful reflectors which project the light a considerable distance, and a bell which in foggy weather is rung without ceasing, to indi cate the route to such as have strayed. Half-way along the road there is also an enormous barrack of wood planking, which serves as an inn, and where there is tea, coffee, brandy, bread, meat, beer, and fires—in fact, everything necessary for warming and refreshing the body. Immense stables, well fur nished with forage and corn, are attached to this establishment, where there are horses for hire to supply the plane of such u the frost may have killed. A similar road has been established between Peter hat Orienbaum, and Cronstadt. The government has thought it necessary to open these two roads at once, in corder to facilitate the means of transport between the capital and the gate that opens on the Neva." The Journal de St Petersbourg records that Marshal Prince Paskiewitch arrived in that capital on the 4th inst. The Hamburg correspondent of the Independance Beige says that for the last few days very heavy sums in Auatrian paper have been sent by Walachian merchants to their correspondents at that place in payment of goods received. It is asserted that in Wallachia the people in general, and particularly those connected with trade, show themselves very backward in accepting Austrian paper money, the value of which is so very low. Their refusal to ac cept it causes very disagreeable scenes between the military authorities and the inhabitants of the coun try. All this paper money will return hence to its source in Austria, which will not exactly contribute to raise its value. Prince Mentchikoff (nye the correspondenoe of the Allgentietw Zeiherig) can with difficulty feed the troops around hiss, end yet he inceesaatly demands reinforcements, (From the Al!gamine Zeittini). ODESSA, J.X. 2. more especially since he has ascertained with certitude that a Turkish corps of 30,000 or 40,000 men strong will be lauded at Kalov (Bupatoria). The Turks will play there the role performed a short time ago by Liprandi, in his position to the rear of Balaklava. As the operations of the allies were "bellied and hemmed in by Liprandi, se will the movernents of Sientchikoff be restricted and hampered. Every vulnerable point is there're being looked to, and the works of defence around Perekop and Simpheropol are being recommenced with vigour. . . _ The forces which are being despatched to Prince Mantchis koff are anything but choice troops; all those that could be spared hers and in Bessarabia are already in Sebastopol. If the troops already at the ouset of their march have no im posing upset, what a scene of misery mut they present on arriving at their destination ! It is impossible to describe the extreme hardships over which these poor fellows must triumph. Hitherto wsggons were employed in transporting them but that is now utterly impossible, u the frost ha not even improved the condition of the roads. I am as sured that above ten per cont. of the expeditions sink on the road frem hunger sad exhaustion, never again to rise ; and that of those who are happy enough to anin a large portion are received into the hospitals. I , v S WARLIKE SPEECH OF THE AUSTRIAN MINISTER AT CONSTANTINOPLE. The Morning Post publishes the foLowing under date of Constantinople, Jan.. 4: u At a great diplomatic dinner given by M. Brack, Austrian Internuneio, M. Bruck gave, as a toast, , The Sultan and his brave army, who are the ad miration of all Europe.' ' There the Internuncio exclaimed, ' they have, in every action, defeated the Russians; they have taught the Russian Court that they were able glori ously to defend the rights of Turkey against Musco vite ambition. Like the Western Powers, Austria was willing to fight for the rights of Turkey and of justice, whatever m;ght be the result.' And he stated in conclusion, with remarkable energy, that Russia was no longer to be feared--she must yield. '' ms emotion of the guests was extreme; and the Grand Vizier warmly thanked the Internuncio." THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, lANIJARY 18, es. over them the Priam Minister In making these remarks, we do not begin an elate ; Übe be not ths Mt is his. Clef- attack an the taidowitig., we only defend the in- . AR. PIT? was 1 Wit LING . ' hen' ' of . . 2 IPIt ,pir II •r § , Hussiesos, Omer, •. P" ' • i •i 'W . Pink' the. eri It We Victim and Berlin that grist 4 Aswan be not 1 . . , as he ought •. a , 9, - •. ..,f - ric . i . 0 „,„,,, „,,,,„. a mat lie Wells* Power, to an armisties. ist between diff •• • • -•••• • k • . '.• - • • • oat wit is i s address to the Imperial 0 to not front n &deism ni, authority, bat was feine d .to any i t ,.. „worm, the uistraton madmietuals sent by England, and the riakeess of the heed which holds it. of the law were wont to complain If' of the whisk Paw seek Es . gland have conclude a fact, too, that the head of erery depart- intimilirenei of ,th• press, but the administration of iktrial C raviTl P lll 7 l " ad at limlin sad Bt- ] heolute P Dare any man in the army— the law hoe ' only been Improved by ihe itrieteres blir g " "Ideal" •as intention to somPb _ . . lark deiramsesel-here &begone'. irresued Int Court. WINDSOR, lAN. 17. • The dinner party yesterday included the Duchess of Heat, the French Ambassador and the Countess Worth!, the Duke of Newcastle, the Earl of Cardigan. the Earl and Cockatoo of Beasborough, Viscount and Vii eountess Sydney, Lady Fanny Howard, and the Hon. Mary Seymour. The Band of the Royal Backs Militia played during dinner, and her Majesty's Private Band afterwards. The (aeons sad Prince. with the Princess Helena, walked in the Code Garden. and Slopes this rooming. The Freseh Ambassador ;ad Counter *siewski, the I Duke of Normal*, the Bart and Countess of B.ssborougb, and Viscount and Viscountess Sydney, took their de- I peruse to-day. Viscount Harding' ku been invited, and is imputed this afternoon. The Ditchers of Wellington hu succeeded the Viseoustese Canning as the Ladyin•Waitiog to her Majesty. Lord RIM'S and Mr. Ormsby Gore bare succeeded Lord Byron and General Biz C. Boweter, la Lord and Groom in Waiting. Count Walewski, the French Ambassador, returned to London yesterday from a visit to her Majesty, at Windsor Cutln, and is the afternoon pail a visit to the Earl of Clarendon, at the Foreign-dike, Downing-street. The Duke of Newcastle returned to town yesterday from Windsor Castle. The American Minister transacted business yesterday, at the Foreign-secs, Downing street. INSTITUTION OP CIVIL IiNGINEERS.—The paper to be read on Tuesday, January 23, is "The ika Embank ments in Morecambe Bay—Ulverstone and Laneuhise Rail way," by Mr. J. Brunie's, M. last. C.B. NAVAL AND MILITARY. The Colonelcy of a Battalion of the Rifle Brigade has become vacant by the death of General Sir Andrew Barnard, 0.C.13., and G.C.H. The gallant colonel was also Lieutenant-Governor of Chelsea Hospital, where he expired yesterday morning. Sir Andrew Barnard was one of the most gallant soldiers is the British army, and a noble personification of "an officer and a gentleman." We announced some months afro (and were imme diately contradicted by a soi-duant "leading jour nal") that Lord Raglan had power to send to India for the 10th Royal Hussars. He has done so, and the regiment, numbering 650 sabre', is now on its way to Turkey. ADMIRALTY, JAN. 17.—APPOINTIIINTL--Master H. Harper (1843) to the Coast Guard. Paymasters W. H. Turner (1862) to the Melampos, 42, at Sheerness; and W. Roraima's, to the Desperate, 8, screw steam sloop, of 400 bons power, at Sheerness. Midshipman W. W. Howell, of the Arrogant, 47, screw steam frigate, of 360 horse-power, at Portsmouth, is sp. pointed to the Nankin, 60, at Chatham. Clerks Assistant J. G. Franklyn to the Hogue, 60, screw steam guard•ship of 450 horsepower, at PortsmoutL. Tenders will be received by the Admiralty to- morrow (Friday), for the hire of steamen of from 400 to 600 tens (n.m.) each, for the conveyance of stores tl the Crimea, calling at Constantinople. In consequence of the absence of proper persons at Nihilism& to warehouse the vast quantity of goods lying at the above port, a communication has been forwarded from the War-offlos to the directors of the London and St. Katharine Dock Companies, requesting them to provide • number of men who are to be despatched to the Crimea, and who are to be engaged in unloading the vessel' upon their arrival, and in placing the various articles in store. i rouns that will be provided for that purpose. About 400 men will be required, the wages will be 245. • week, with rations for the labourer., and 21., with rations, a week, for the foremen, and the men will be under an engagement for two years. A large number of men have offered their ser vices, and above 100 have been approved of. Some of them will be conveyed immediately in the vessels that are bound for the Crimea, and the whole of them will as fast as pos. Bible be shipped to that destination, as their services are most urgently required. r, JAN. 17. The ship Coriolanns left this morning with a large number of wooden houses for the French troops in the Crimea. She was towed by the Enniskillen steamer. The royal mail steamers Avon and Severn, the former just returned from the Black Sea and the latter from Brasil, have been taken up by the government. The Avon will be ready in about a fortnight, and the Severn almost immedi ately. Each of these paddle-wheel steamers will take out about eleven hundred troops. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw-steamer, Candies, just returned from the Black Sea, and now in London river repairing, has been taken up by the government, and will be ready for sea in about a fortnight. The Candia is a first-class troop steamer. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's new steamer, Alma, 2,200 tons burthen, now completing at Liverpool, will ha ready for see in a fortnight, and will probably be chartered by government for war purposes. The housing for 376 ►orses on beard ll.M.'s gigantic steamer, films lays, now in Southampton Docks, has been ordered to be taken down and mole substantial stabling erected. This shows that the Himalaya is to be permanently employed in conveying cavalry to the seat of war. Up to the present time 490 wooden huts have been sent from Southampton to the Crimea for the English troops there. Everything complete lea be.. sent out with tbeee bousee—felt for covering them, nails to put them together, stoves with fun nels, windows, with glass to repair the windows when broken, doors, and pegs to be placed round the huts for the soldiers to bang their kit upon. These 490 huts will be sufficient to house nearly 16,000 soldiers. 348 of these huts, suMeient to house nearly 1,100 soldiers, must have reached the Crimea before this time, even allowing a screw steamer three weeks to get there, as the last of live mew steamers, with 348 huts on board, left Southampton on the 11th December. The Cronus, now in Soaththoptos Docks re pairing, in order to go to Portsmouth to take in 1,000 troops foe the Crimes, will not be ready until the 31st inst., as the Messrs. Mare's, who are engaged for the repairs of the Crams, are busy in making gun-bats for the government Jai. 17, The Avon, steam tender, Muter A. I. Veitcb, left yesterday with seamen for ships at the eastern porta, and Marines for Portsmouth. The Anthem, 60, Captain 'I was paid off on Monday, and her mew granted 60 days' leave, at the expiry of which they are at liberty tq join the lag-ships at any of the ports. The Nile, 91, Capt• Mundy, wee paid ass Monday. Many of the bMe jackets were reluctant to receive Beak of England notes, and could with digit:city be brought to believe that a 61. note was equal to 6 sovereigns. Many of the men of this ship were from the northern counties. Tits Corm, 91, Capt. Robb, sate sallies orders at this port. The Cossack, 20, Capt. Fanshawe, is under orders to sail for Scotland, with prod. elms for the ships en that coast ; her newly-raised men were paid advance of wages yesterday. The Prussian man of-war Thetis, lately exchanged for the gun-boats Sala. mender and Recruit by the Admiralty, is still here. The Calcutta, 84, Capt. Btopford, is ready for sea, in stores. provisions, dte., bat requires 160 men to complete her crew. JANUARY 18, FRANCE. '' :I'_-t. • (1120 X 111111 conanstroxossly or Till DAILY =WC) PlllllB, EVININO. It is not our, to resompliP the different accounts of tliso Russian movement 'in the Dobrudscha. The statement from Vienna in the Moniteur that the de- Oakmont which had crossed the Danube on the 7th amtl.Bth, and recrossed the river and entered Ismail en the 10th, may be thought to oonfict with the telegraphic news I transmitted to you dated Brailow, 12th, according to which a formidable Russian form was marching upon Baltjik, which is not far from Varna. This observation, however, and it seems to rot not an unimportant one, is to be made. Till this morning the liforsiteur has lissa altogether silent with regard to the new Raman invasion at Turkey. The announcement of the retreat of the " detachment" in question is a confirmation of the original news which you were the first to announce London, and which has never yet been officially given. The news from Brailow of later date than that in the ihmiteser comes from the same source as the communication of some days since, which was doubted, and now turns out to have be en true. So tar there is a presumption in favour of the latest in telligence. It is, moreover, to be remarked that there is an evident interest at Vienna with reference to the obligations of Austria, by the recent treaty, to suppress a fast of this kind as long as possible, and to diminish its importance when known. The house of Fould, Oppenheim, and Co., was robbed to-day in an extraordinary manner of five lingots of gold, worth 120,000 f. A partner in the bowie was accompanying a hand-cart drawn by two porters, containing several lingots, which had been sent to a sworn assayer's. By collusion, it is sup posed, between the porters and the robbers, some planks of the cart were taken out, and the five ha rm abstracted. The Emperor and Empress honoured the first repre sentation of Scribe's drains of " La Czarine " this evening, with their presence at the Thea tre FranQais. Their Majesties (says Galignans) were received with warm demonstrations by the public on their entrance, and also saluted with acclamations on their departure. At the Bourse the rents rose 30a., closing at 67.70, nearly the highest prioe of the day. The loan is now known to amount to 1,792 minions, and many subscriptions from the departments have not yet been sent in. THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF DINING. Yesterday (continues the same correspondent) the Societi Generale de Gastronome, of which M. Emile de Oirardia is a leading member, opened their monster restaurant, the Diner de l'Espo region, in the Rues Lepelletier and Laffite. The event marks the commencement of a sew era in the science of dining in this the great centre of the culinary art, and I shall therefore send you some details, although I am deeply sensible of the inade quacy of my pen to do justice to the subject. Your special correspondent, upon whose domain I am gene rally careful not to trespass, will no doubt consider the "dinner" as one of the "annexes" of the Exhibi tion, and will in due time send you an elaborate pic ture to replace my hurried and imperfect outline. The directors of the "Great Exhibition Dinner" are not the inventors of a new system. They merely profess to improve upon a recent experiment, which has been attended with unexampled success. It is very possible that, u in the cue of gunpow der, the steam engine, and numerous other great discoveries, the credit of the invention may be given to those whose names are associated with its univer sal diffusion, while the real inventors are forgotten. In the course of last summer one of the many jour nalists whose occupation was gone in consequence of the great political revolution of 1851, out of the abundance of his leisure and mental activity, con ceived the idea of a dining establishment upon a scale never before attempted, which should combine the advantages of the table d'hote with those of a restaurant, at a fixed price. He was a man of small capital, but he had faith in his project, and found friends to supply him with money to carry it out. You must_ have heard of the Diner de Paris, on the Boulevard, at the corner of the Pas sage Jouffroy, the first restaurant of the kind in question ever opened in Paris. The retired journalist was the founder of this establish ment. He started from premises something like these. The conveniences of a table d'hote are a variety of well-cooked dishes, a handsome, well warmed, well lighted, and well ventilated dining room, and the cheerful buzz of society at the very moment in the twenty-four hours at which mankind is most disposed to be cheerful, combined with a moderate rate of payment. The inconveniences are the fixed hour, and the necessity to a certain extent laid upon you of making acquaintance, however slight, with the strangers who may happen to sit near you. At the restaurants, at a fixed prioe,whieh have long abounded in Paris, a dinner at a moderate —often at a very cheap—rate, selected at pleasure from an infinitely varied bill of fare, may be had at any reasonable hour. But the frequenters of such places too well know that, when soup, fish, entrées, hors-creuvres, roasts, game, vegetables, salads, desserts and wine, are given for 2 trance, the stomach has small rejoicing when all is swallowed. Even if the viands may not be of second or third rate quality (as for the most part they are) they must of necessity, in the majority of instances, be spoilt by overcooking, because the cook, who is expected to have everything in season always ready, can never tell when any particular dish may be called for. The main idea of the Diner de Paris was to have but one bill of fare for the day, as at a table d'hote, but to have during the ordinary dining hours a constant succession of the same series of dishes. The bill of fare was conspicuously posted up, at the door, so that every customer might pause at the threshold if he saw any- thing prima facie not pleasing to him, and a promise was made that a first-class cook, whose attention would not be distracted by sudden calls for any dish that a man might fancy out of a list of three hundred, would send up to table nothing but the beat things of the season, and those cooked to as great a nicety as if ordered for a fixed hour. The new system pleased the Parisians. All last summer the vast saloons of the Diner de Paris were thronged with diners at 31 francs each, which price included a bottle of yin ordinaire, or half a bottle of better quality. The success of the parent establishment speedily encouraged speculators to start others of a similar kind. Within the last few months we have seen the Diner de Com merce, the .Diner Europeen, the Diner Uni verse!, and some others—all rather cheaper than the Diner de Paris, and at the same time as good, or nearly so. Now comes M. de Girardin's scheme for dining the well-to-do million on the same system, but on a mach grander scale. His argument is this. There are in Paris thousands of natives and foreigners who dine daily or frequently at first-class restaurants, where, without any particular luxury, they spend 16 francs for their dinner. If we can, by a grand com bination and judicious outlay of capital, give this class of society the same dinner for M., shall we not surely attract them to our table? Bach is the substance of a prospectus circulated in Paris for some months past An important part of the project is that the undertaking is divided into shares, at the low rate of 25L a share. The directors offered the tempting terms of a free ticket for one dinner to every shareholder, and a contract to take the shares at par (in dinners) whenever the holder might wish to eat them out. The opening of this giant estab lishment has been postponed from time to time, and people began to think it would never open at all. A few days ago the 25f. shares were at 16f. discount, and many fortunate purchasers are now proceeding to eat five splendid dinners for the ridiculously small sum of 10 francs. Yesterday it was positively an nounced that the Exhibition dinner would open at four o'clock. The two entrances were be sieged by long queues of people long before the hour. I myself went at seven o'clock and saw numbers turned away. A formidable footman, in gorgeous livery, six feet high, told me four thousand people had dined, and that there was not a single vacant plane in the establishment I was going away in despair, but fortunately the idea struck me to try the other door. I obtained admission into a gorgeous, saloon covering an area at least as large as that ot, Lincoln's-inn HaIL After waiting a few moments,aa elegant chamberlain, in black, with a golden chahh found me a seat on a velvet cushioned chair. I was served with extraordinary regularity with a delicate dinner. Every dish was perfect in its hind, end quite hot. A very hungry man might ped al , have objected that there was a want of a pie ce 7, risiatance. Bat I will net pronounce an opinion against the liberality of the establishment on a fleet trial. The wine was excellent, but the grand featm, of the thing is the miss en scene, the brilliant light, the numbers who sit comfortably without crowdi ng and, above all, that recommendation whi c h the bee; restaurants in Paris want—good ventilation. Th eo are numbers of private rooms, and another lulu, dining room upstairs, which I did not see. Th, waiters are elegant men, resembling " gentlem en ', , gentlemen" of the first water. A little footman of 14, in smart livery, appeared to have nothi ng ,i t o • do bat to touch his hat to °orders and gee s , end excited much amusement by the diligence with which he performed this duty. There were bet few ladies present on account of the crowd, bat aft er & few days they will doubtless appear in great numbers. This afternoon the approaches to the monster temple of gourmandise were even more crowded than yes. terday. GENERAL CANROBERT. The Monifeur of Tueedai has the following in its official part : " By an Imperial decree of the 13th January, Nu. the Emperor, upon the proposition of the Minister of War, has conferred the military medal upon If. Certain Canrobert (Francois), General of D:visise, aide-de-camp of his Majesty, Commander-in -Chief at the Army of the East. " Thisgeneral officer counts 28 years' service, 17 campaigns, and three wounds, two of the latter hp. ing been received in the Crimea." THE SOUND DUES. (Plow THE CORUSPONDINT OP THE DAILY ICEEE4 COPENHAGEN, his. 12. The more frequent the opportunities that I hayed talking to intelligent Danes on the subject of the Sound dues, the more convinoed am I that if the question were brought forward in a proper manner by the nations most interested in the abolition of the nuisance, and proposals of a tangible nature offered to indemnify Denmark for the financial loss, the pre. sent liberal government would not be found nevi'. ling to treat on the subject. It is not so much the money value of the toll that is complained of, as the I delay and danger of accidents ih that narrow chan. nel, where moreover fogs are very prevalent and the coast low. A memorable case of delay came under my own observation, which, though I admit it my be a very extreme case, may be worth recording. goy years ago, and before the general introduction of steam, I had occasion to visit a Baltic port, and took a passage in a British brig from Hull. On our arrival at Elsinore we were of course obliged to lay to and be overhauled. Some doubts being expressed by the authorities as to the correctness of the mani fest, we were obliged to anchor for the night, in doing which we exchanged signals with another vessel belonging to the same shipowners, which had arrived hest before us and was going through the bound with the same fair wind which had brought us to Elsinore. The next day, when our ship's papers were cleared, we ' found that the wind had chopped round to the south, and was blowing so fresh right in our teeth that it ' was deemed impracticable to get up the anchor. That southerly wind held on without intermission for three weeks, and we were still lying at anchor at Elsinore, when one morning we were surprised at seeing o ur consort slashing up with the wind, and making the most of it, for she was under double studding sails. She had actually been up to St. Petersburg (or rather Cronstadt), discharged her cargo, taken in a fresh one, and here she was more than half way back to England! The view I took of the American question, as com municated to you in my letter of the sth inst., is confirmed to my mind by statistics, and I here venture to repeat that Mr. President Pierce's threatened interference ought to be looked upon with suspicion, for the flag of the United States is interested in the navigation of the Baltic only to a most insignificant extent—less than per cent! The statistical tables of the Sound lists, for the year 1854, not being yet officially published, I will take those for the two preceding ones. Out of 21,586 ships of all nations that passed the Sound both ways in 1853, only 96 were American, and but 76 in 1852 out of 17,563. Therefore the aggregate share of their flag in the Baltic trade during those two years amounts to 0.44-100 of the whole. But it must also be remembered that all ships passing the Sound count double in these statistical tables, for they are counted for one when they go into the Baltic, and again when they come out, so that the actual number of American ships passing the Sound in 1853 was but 48, and in 1852 only 38. It being important in the present early state of the question which is " looming in the distance," but must soon be brought under serious consideration, that your readers may form an adequate idea of the relative interests of the maritime nations in general, and the preponderating participation of the British flag in particular, I make no apology for sending you the following tables, with the official figures : LIST OP THE SHIPS OP ALL NATIONS THAT PASSED THE SODND IN THE TEARS 1852 AND 1853. -- ---- --- Flag. 1852. 1851 Average percentage of the two ran. 1. British 2, Norwegian 3,020 3,393 16.48 3. Preuian 2,319 3,487 12 28 4. Swedish 2,100 2,107 10.50 6. D etch 1,691 1,875 970 6. Danish 7. Russian 8. Mecklenburg 9. Hanoverian 10. French Lübeck 11. Hamburg J }1.16 Bremen 12. Oldenburg All other; (ihelia: ding the Amiripn) 135 183 0.81 Totals BOUND LIST FOR THE TEN TEARS. 1844-1853 inclusive. 1844 1846 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 18.52 1853 Average of the ten yean.. 18,762 ~ Although, asl said before, the tables for 1854 have not yet been published, they have been made up, and having been favoured with a sight of them. I am en abled to give you the following particulars: The 'total number of ships that passed the Sound in 1854 was only 16,469, showing a falling of 5,000 vessels as compared with the year before, and 2,300 less than the average of the previous ten years. Such a result is not to be wondered at, and is the natural conse quence of the war and the blockade of the Russian ports. The greatest falling off is in the number of British ships (2,600 or more than one-half), the Rus sians (1,052), the Prussians (400), and the Danish (300). The number of American ships was only 18, though figuring in the lists for 36, as they cleared at Elsinore on entering the Baltic, and again on leaving it. According to the Danish budget for 1853-1854, which is available for our present consideration, u war was not thought of when it was framed, the re venue from the Sound, Belt, and Holstein Canal dues was estimated at 2,081,000 Danish rix dollars, of which about a million and a half, or 130,0001., are derived from at Sound dues alone. This sum divided amongst the average annual number of ships during the last ten years (18,7 54 4 would give the sum of 81. for each ship each way. But it must not be forgotten that about three quarters of the Sound dues falls on the cargo, and not quite one quarter on the ship, and as by far the greater part of the American navigation up the Baltic belongs to what is called the carrying trade, that is to say, carrying cargo fer account of Russian or English merchants, the whole weight of the Sound dues that fell on the Americans in 1852 was the petty sum of 1921., 1521. in 1853, and only 721. in 1854. With such insignificant interests at stake, for which more over they have the advantage of a well found chain I