The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-10 00:00:00

a a It at rt to o▪ f ad it at of as ir- he at DTI ro- 11d ee at- Led rat• - Lira sCO ea m ms ok• The ree• acre two to Lob: O 3 nith. bi The tail% r tor 4 OS .fr weal ea* e ooP .afail bow. M 1 / 6 oist A fa I POW. Dili. COBDEN IN BUCKINGHAM SHIRK GREAT MEETING AT AYLESBURY. Yeeterday evening, HA County Hall in Aylesbury, go, of the lamest 'ooildisens devoted to • similes pitmen in w a s thowded with as andieace imposed of faname, onour. re, and townspeople, to hear from Mr. Cobden hie epitome en the present important orris in the traipse' i d., The platform was crowded with tenant farmers and the respectable tradesmen of the neighbourhood. ye,. ti A ['SON, having token the teak, said he was sore Om was frames and atealinem enough limner& the people 0 1 Ail stoney to give II lair and impartial Menne to every ore oho dvire to videos the medlar. The SECRETARY (Mr. Hameltee) said he bad remeived letters WAR several gentlemen regnittiag their imbilky to ...tend. Om of the from Sir 0. Dathweed, he maid read —tho lette r said, " I wish Mr. Cobden every suceess in his , No w o e, which 1 trust will be of envie" in selightening the mricalturiste of this c ninty is to their rat interests. No on. has been a warmer supporter or Mr Cobden'e policy than myeelf." The members kW the comity and tar the borough of Aylesbury had been invited to attend the meeting, and had been informed that the plat form was fret—(" No. r. 0." awl " Yee. yes")—and ha (the Secretary), as the °feral organ of the committee, might in form themtkat Mr. Cobden had had nothing to do with fixing the time ef this meeting. (Hear, hear.) He said thin he. , cave he foetid that Mr. Disraeli, yesterday, at the meeting at Urea! Marlow, made what be eon.idered a geese bit ~, mice that the meeting had been filed by Mr. Cobden it • time when none of the aviculturtits could attend. Log 1 before they had had any notion of the Onset Marlow ranting the day for holding the present mee-ing had been fixed ; and as it me kaown that Mr. Dora. was • slew coach—(e lambi—it was thought that by fixing the hour at By o'clock, it would give the hon. member full time to come down and meet Me. Cobden. (Hear, hear.) The CHAIRMAN, as the representative of Lord Hugest, believed he might say that there could be so doubt, had that noblemen been in the country, he would have beet preterit. (Hear, hear.) Bat as he was not is thw omory that woulo be a mfileient rove to his abeeme. Mr. La timer., a farmer raiding mar Be Alban's, would now act drew the meeting. Mr. LATTIMORE ohorved that, if the condition of the framer was not improved, it was not for want V adviser and friends. The tenant farmer had many frit nds—saionost the foremost of them was Mr. Dierseli. At the meeting at ling Marlow yesteriav, the hen. member acid (In the requisition) that the tenant farmer had a reht to be put an an equal position with his fell oresubjeeM. He (Mr Lattimore), as a tenant farmer, responded to that, and demanded for the whole class w tenant tatintere equal rights and privileges, equal returo and 'merit, far their capital, their energy, swi their jadeite,— as the co.. mercial and trading classes enjoyed. (H. sr, hoer.) The great coyest now going oa was ea the question, Who wee to pi., the taxes? ("Yee. that is the poiut.") Mr. Disraeli had Md. speaking of the territorial proprietors, that unless they had protection they could not continuo to pay their accustomed share. Now. if they decided on Mr Diseseli's plan of protection, they would decide on dist which was unjust to the rest of the commenity. Protection, according to Mr. Disraeli's plan, meant enhancement of the prices of agricultural pectin* by legal enactment. If th, farmers alone were concerned, that would, of course, soon be settled in the affirmative—(hear, hea)—bit' there w.s another party to be consulted. via., the consumers, who ion: an . q ua int. rest, and had to pay their fair share of the taxes. It wag necessary, then, that they should consider not only the loo• way of raising the taxes, but how they c old be fried with the greatest fairness to al chums and CI :atoms. Now it was ordeal that if property did rot pay i e fair stare of tatation a greater proportion of the national heelers must be thrown on the industry of the countre ; Gni, it the remission proposed by Mr. Disraeli for the It welt of the landlords throe an additional ten per cent. on imports, the working classes woad have so much mon thee their fair share of taxes to pay. Speak. ing a. • tenant farmer, it appeared to him that there was no natural hostility between trade and agriculture. (Hear, hear.) The permanent interests of owners of every deo. ription if g, ring and industrial capital, engaged in all kinds el nempetioss, were indissoluble noised, and wee, equally interested in promoting pabla economy, good go vernmene rectory, and justice for all claims of the people. (Hear. hear.) Mr. Disraeli had assumed that the interests of the onset tanner and the landlord, in their prams% Oxus, weir ii, WWII. But it was not so. Them were two kinds of capital employed is arming—fixed and Stating capital. The fixed or real capital received the rent; the floatirg capital, 'kith was the labour the tenant put co the land, paid the rent. (Hear, Item ) Be' reel emoted pee sewed 'monopoly dell legislative power. and of all polities], social, and judicial honour,. But the tinting capitel had no protection, hut, en the contrary, be came absorbed into the real capital the moment it was once committed to the soil. Real capital secured itself against waste—the rent was Mewed by law, and the result was, that ' it was not the best farmer, hut the highest balder, who got the land. This practice tended to enhance rents to the prejudice of the enterprising man of moderate capital. Then real property had exempted Holt from the reptant of the legacy and probate duties, to the rej adios of whir descriptions of property. Brockman, is hi' work, ,toted that the number of persona employed in cc culture erne 3 30,207, and that the capital employed was '050.0.4.0001. But Si (Mr. Lattimore) contended that this lar„. amount of cumbers and capital; hal neither • I. gel eor political existence. There was no such thing as tenant farmers' capital, inasmuch as all invest ments in land formed part of the freehold. Yet this capital wee mewed for local rates, tame, log icy, and probate duties, aad was amenable for woos and dilapidation'. Toe CHAIRMAN said it was now nis gnat pleasure and high hamar to }strode°, to the meeting the tried friend el popular rights, of situ and religious liberty, and of freedom of trade, Kidwell Cobden, Eq. (The anaonneentent was received with tremendous cheers, interspersed with • few dissentients, who were speedily overpowered by the general sense of the monies.) 11r. COBDEN then cams forward, and the p'audits Were r newed and sustained for several inaistm. When sills*" WAS test red he proceeded to speak as fellows :—Mr. assignee and gentlemen, It gives me great pleasure to follow a gentlemen who has addressed you ha the earmity of • tenant farmer—me who, to my ewe knowledge, by the growth of more can and the raising of more cattle, and in employing of more labour, I excels most of his wriohbonn. It gives me great pleasure to follow • man to well entitled to speak on tie interests cf agriculture. (Chem, and "No.") We are met here to day under the denomination el a parliamentary and &un cial refine meeting, but it will be known to every one here present that the general impression, both here and abroad, is, that this is • meeting, in so far se I am concerned, haul fur the purple of discussing the comparative mote of protection and free trade, in so tar as they cm tem the interests of the tenant farmer. (Hoar, bear.) I remember speaking to an audience in this ball is years ago ; I remember on that occasion going through the arguments necessary to show that the then misting seen laws were f en impolicy and injustice. tem mber maintaining the proposition that the corn laws had not proved beneficial to any class of the community, aid I natured to say that the country would be mon prosperous without • system of agricultural protection than with it. (Hear, hear.) Well, I stand here sow to maintain by every tee: that can proclaim the prep- Wty or advancement ot • nation that we are now in a better conaition without the corn law than if we bad it. (Loud chore tooth exclamations of " No," but generally entnusi ark meat) Well, I am glad to see that theta are some Coratieats here, because it will show, at least, that this is no packed meeting (Loud cheers.) We have got some protectionism here, and if you will only keep the order emis sary for all rational proesediap, I will endeavour to make Ws all free traders before I heave this spot. (Loud cheers.) I hare said that, by every test that can decide the gelation of national prosperity or national adversity, we stand in a better position sow than when we had the corn law. What We the testa of national prosperity ? A declining or im proving nevem ? Weil, our ee is better now than it was under the sera law, (Hear, hear.) Oar exports and imports, also, are better. (Hear, hear.) Take, then, the question of pauperism, and I will not shrink from the test of pauperism even in the sgricultural districts. (Hear.) I have the statistic' of the unions of Bucketed Bedfordshire, and I warn the protectionists, who are going about per suading themselves that they have • case on the subject of pauperism, that when parliament meets, and Mr. Banos is enabled to bring forward his poor law statistics up to the last week—not blue books with the act:tents of last year —I wars them that even in the sgricultural districts pauperism is in • better condition, now that bread is cheap, than it was in 1847, when they had prices to their Man's content, and the loaf was double the pries it is at present. (Hear.) Take nest the state of wages, the meat test of the COIIOItIOII of the mares of the people. What are the people earning now compared to their earn ings is 1b47, whoa the protectionists had prices to their mislactuo ? As a rule throughout the country, the people an earning more money now in every branch of burin, a, while thee are getting the comforts and necessaries of hie two-thirds cheaper. (" Hear, hear," and " Not the agricultural labourers.") I will come to them by and bye. Bet I must get you to consider in the outset that the agri etiturel labourer is not the entire nation. (Loud cheers ) I Motdes, it the agricultural labourer be an exception to the emend rule, we mast calmly inquire the reason. 1 remem ber ioe well that when I mom to see you before, how my man aid to be dosed with the argument that, it we had tree vole in corn, the gold would be drained out of the thYStry, because that fire millions of quarter' of corn could not be imported without • drain of gold; but the fact is, teat forty or filth million quarters of corn have kin imported within the last four yeas, and hull the ,often of the Bank are completely en cumbered wi th gold. (Loud cheering, a voice "1 en )oo'd seed • into Buckinghamshire.") Now gentle too I base spoken of wages. [Some interruption here tort place, and it was announced that a platinum wished to '"'," to. Oas peruse exclaimed it wee Mr. Disraeli, an annoocceme at which ceased the greatest laughter and C s ow j Tae CHAIRMAN said that his wish was that every O'reo should he accessmodated ; bat If any one disturbed tie meeting, there would he no allarmative bet to remove tan flor, hear ) Mr. COBDEN seemed—l &set wish to be the means of en sloe wohmion. It my one wants to be board let him • , 'mace to the aloha's, "ad if he refuse he must be an la- P•vor. (casaa.) l we weak*, el wages, sod I may met in every breach a holism wages have ha P'" , td. You may asy that agricultural labour is exception, but I will set make any sleep -1"*. kr the avowal clam* of labourers la your &the. I lad that Imo is woonso's work the wars of the straw Plait smokily hays Ia 1847 a family staid OM 15.. a moat M tko hadaow, sod tow t►sir Nat motor stsomitod to SU ( Now, kev—sad ono or two ea♦nrioas or diwoot.) I ktow that what I say is woo, beams* IMO of MO wool szoosin ataaatostarors aro in this hill. Apia. there is the lees trade. The pillow-lass trade, -ma pinying • greet sinew of wows la Heckle/km shire, is, I mm delighted to lid, Is• nub mess floorkeing esaditioa than in 1847. (New. haw-) The pose pillow: workers him mere wages now them they hod that, while they get their toad two-thirds shearer. The poor shairmakere also are gettiag better wall's. I re peat it, that there is no .em is say trade to whisk admi ts,* has not seeped from the presets moderate prise of fold. I want now to come to the guidon width elute the interests of this immediate neighbourhood. It is this--If every other great interest in the seuntry is Bourke/at, hew is it that agriculture is deterioradng ? How Is k that agriculture is found to he in antagonism with every other interests la the swanky t It Is because it is edablielmdl ea e false hads—upen act of parliament mine-ens' reser, like every other interest, it is obliged to be en. teat with hatless! mites. (Loud cheers.) We lad need, go celled everywhere, purporting to be meet- ings of farmers to complain of their distress. What is the or per remedy for that distress ? Is It not to go, like men of Mennen, to their landlords, and ask them for fresh terms, in as that they may have the raw material of their trade, the lima, et its natural price, and free from those absurd restrictions which destroy tee value of that raw material? But, no, no. You have no such thing. You see met lege at which the chair is taken Usher by the tendoweer or his better half, the agent. (Hear, hear.) PI-nty of talk takes place there, but ii is not the proper talk for the farmer. What do they say t Why that they meat go to parliament to get an act to raise the peke of corn, in order that the farmers may be enabled VI pay their nuts (Hear, hear.) Toe landlord, es Mr. Danish very properly -aid at Great Marlow, is an individual who MN land, which is the raw material of another man's labour, to dispose of ; and the farmer is the capitalist, who offers to take it and work it at a profit. (Hear, hear.) In fact the landlord and the farmer stead in premed, the same position as the tenon merebant end th e cotton spinner. Ins former sells us the cotton, and the latter spin it ter profit, sad if he can get It abundant and sheep be makes a profit, bet if the material he dear he can get no profit. But . you never hear of 'item party going to parliament pitiebang for a law to keep up the price of cotton. (Hear, hem.) 1 declare th at when 1 reed the accounts published in the papers of boito- de and tenants going about together crying out fur protection to raise the mice of corn, 1 count help eing humiliated at the spectacle, because it shows the west of intelligences on tins aide, arid, I tear, of want of honesty on the other. (Hoar, hear.) Suppose you were to see • crowd of men turning up and down the streets of At Itsbury, shouting out " Fineness, protection, gin us protociton ; we are all row. Mg in the same boat." And if you ...lee who those mote were, and were told they were the grocers of Aylesbury and their customers, and that they were cilieg out for a law to roise the once tit the hogsheads of sugar in their stores, would you not say that it was a gross combination of the grocers, and that it was an idle lanai to say that they and their customers were rowing in the same boat ? (Hear.) Would you not say that the interests of 04 men ado owned the hogsheads of sugar were not the same as those of their customers, and yet this was precisely the position of ten la- dlord end the farmers. (Cairn, and some dissent) The gestlemen who interrupts Ind better get as the plat form and confute me if lam wrong. (Loud cheers.) Now, gentlemen, the taut I would recommend the tenant farmers to adopt toward, the landowners is precisely the plan which I pursued myself towards my oan tenants, and which 1 will now 'splint to you. I trust that the papers which write tor the protectionist farmers, it they report nothing else, will at least let their aminaltural leaner. know what I am now going to say. (" How lane are your farms 1") 11 tail you ell about it, don't be alarmed. (Loud cheers.) I happen to stand here in the quality of • landlord, aittough one of the most inemdficant of toe ceder. I puss. ss a .mall mute its West Buse:, about 160 acres, great (Mt of eolith is covered with wood. It is in a peculiar:) , farming district, is the midst of the largest proprietor,. of Sussex. It is not within ten miles of a market toe n, nor does it (seen& the Advantage at the oicidi y of those tell cbitunees which enhance the value of land in th, manufacturing dia.ricts. Now this is precisely the k, n d o. laud which we are told by the/de:quota Granby canbut b- cultiveno in tub country with Mt price of corn at 40.. 1 ins property come into lay possession its 1847. ("The league bemeot it for )ou.") Yes, I am indebted, and I am motel to ackuowlooge it, for that estate to the henget, of my countrymen. (Tremeadeus cheering.) It was the new of my birth and my ices, el. It was U.S property of my rummtore ; and it is through the nimokconce • my wean, men that this small mate, which hail from teleessity been snorted by say lather , has again come into my Minus, mod I am enabled uain to light up the hearth of my fay.en in the fleece were I spent my intancy—(cheer.) —and I say that ao warrior duke, who holds • vast domain by ,he vote of an imp. fuel pat element, possesses hie property by a more honourable title than 1 possess seine. I lied and prolonged cheers.) My first visit to this property after it came into my ponossion took place is 1 is. At mat time, as you are aware, prime ranged Limit in this country, but not expecting that those price, would con tinue, 1 ualegot that the proper nun tor every man woo an tattiest in the land to peepers for the cosines competition with the foreigner. (Hear, heir.) I ease sod n that every hedgerow trues that estate should bo cut down. (Cheers.) I rettiOtteid the tenauts, there beteg two occupying tourist- OS the prim rty, to remove every twee oit the estate. It they liked to grab up only • minion of the fences, they were to be at litkrty to act acoordingli ; but I said I wield rather they would not leave • singte h nee on the pro perty, as I aid u,t consider LIMOS necessary en bind, which was surrounded by woods. that portion which required draining I had dreamed at my owe cost (Cheers.) ibis .dud Is tun:: a, US 1 stated bet./le, en the very midst of large pr ta heats% leadowiters. soht wero ei a matter of course, game preserver. It had been particularly infested with hams and rabbits. I authorised t h e tenants to kill them, and to empower any use eke whom they messed to se. tee same. (Curers ) So troublesome bed been the hares sad rebbita on that little property, that they had eves entered the gardens and altetieeets of the ltbouren ; and sue of those lab:mantra, erten he appeared before the sou mittee of the !lessee( Common in 1645, stated that the bars. sod rabbits not otly devoured the yr peon:es—not only ate Lis cabbages and Lis peen, but actually dug up hie potatoes. (Great laughter) At that tints the property did Lot belong to me. But I to It care to inquire for this man when I visited the property fa 1848; and,on finding him, I explained to him that if trio bens and rabbits eve r troubled him or the other labour. reliving upon my property-1 explained to him and to them that the present state ot the law authirised see:e mu to destroy hues and rabbits, without taking oat a license, on his own holdings ; and I adv.sed them men to set gins arid scares on their allotments and gardens, to catch all the hares a:.d rabbits they could, and when they had caught them, to be nee and put them in their own pot and eat them. ( Cheers and laughter.) That is the way in which I dealt with my game. (Cheers.) I mast confess that I have no taste whatever for the preserve- Men of that vermin, the existence of which I be aky. to be utterly inconsistent with good farming. (Hear, hum.) The preservation of hares and rabbits !con sider to be the greatest obstacle to the employment of the labourers—( p eer, bear); and, for my own part, I would rather see • good fat hog in the stye of a labourer than the best game which could be preserved. (Cheers) That is the course which I took in 1848 to premise for competition with the foreigner. At that period, as I previously stated, prices ranged high. They coatinued to do so during the greater part of the year. Nothing, however, was settled about rent. But, in the course of the last year, I received from one of my teasels a letter, in which be said, " When I took this lead from your prodecessor, it was upon the cal• tendon that wheat would be at 561. a quarter; it is now little more than 40.., and I should like to have • new arrangemeut made with regard to terms." I wrote in reply, "The proposition which you make it reasonable; we will have a new bargain. (Chien ) I am willing to estimate the future price of wheat at 40.., but whilst I am willing to take upon myself all the disadvantage of low priors, I must have the benefit of good cultivation— (hear, hear)—and, therefore, we will estimate the produce at such an amount as can be grown by good farmers on land of the same quality." (Hear, hear.) From the moment that I made that reasonable proposition to the farmers on my estate there was not the least anxiety of mind on their part ; they had no more difficulty in carrying on their farm ing busiceu under free trade than they had lad under pro tection. (Cheers.) From that moment the farmers on this small property felt that they were no longer in terested in the question of free trade end protec tion, end the labourer, felt that they bad as good a prospect of employment es they had had before. (Cheers.) We have settled our terms. (Hear, hear.) I have bargained for my rent. It is no business of the public what tent I get ; that is my business and the business of the farmer ; but if it is any satisfaction to my protectionist friends, I will admit that I am receiving a reduced rent, notwithrtanding the feet of my having drained my land and had it cleared of every hedge-row tree. (Cheers.) But what becomes of the arse/sent that it is impossible to carry on cultivation in this country with wheat at 40a. a quarter / (Hear, heat) I am getting some rent ; I am not getting so large an amount of rent as 1 was before ; but It is enough for me to say that the land is being cultivated, and that both the farmers and the labourers are contented. Now, with regard to leases, I have mid to both my tenants, " Either take the land from year to year, with an emu runt binding each of us to submit to a valuation of unix hausted improvements when you leave; or if you prefer it, take a lease, and I will bind you down by covenants as to the way . in which you shall cultivate the land while you occupy it." Now, I ask what possible exclaim have lead owners in any part of the country for going to public meet ings and telling no that the land cannot be cultivated be muse wheat is 401. • quarter? (Hear, hear.) I have an example of wheat groan on inferior l andi under the most disadvantageous circumstances; I bare a case of my own in point to disprove their statement; and the &sowers which I intend to give to those noble dukes and noble lords who are muting about the country so angrily and scolding me so lustily is this, " Let MO have the arraneing of the relations between you and your tenants, and 1 will show you under what kind of holding the land may be cultivated better than it wee before. The farmer shall have as good • profit, and the labourer as good wages, provided you will allow ete to make for you similar arrangements to those I have entered into with my own tenants." (Cheers.) That would not suit the landlords: it would maven into • mem matter of business what is now made the subject of an agitation which ought to be called wesestelse. (Hear, beer.) If I had been a protectionist I &Sold have made money by it. I will show you how. Whoa say tenant said there ought to be a fresh agreement between us, if I had been • protectionist landowner what Medi have bean m 7 naswer ? " That's true, my !geed abut. 1144 we win lave a meeting at Omit 0• 0 1 11111 L • st High Wycombe, to matins muusent to pow rs." (Laughter.) Then +. alliond have had • nestle& My tenant. would have Ma invited to attend ; aid Willi teem they would have eivuted eat,. We a r e all rowing is the same boat." (Grim laughter.) And after two or three hove occupied with dull *penes, there meld have been a emaclasioa with three groans **Collate. (Laughter and chem.) [Some indi vidual in the centre of the room having, at this part of the hoe. gentiesman's address, enema an interruption by an dint to reent the platten, tha chairman requested the polka to take iato custody every perm Mon vi.denos might create • farther dieurhame. This led to s sea man' of tin latenuptios.] Then, gentlemen, whoa the meeting wee over, my Meats might have gone home have prepared for the stet audit day, and hen paid the same amain of rest as before. As a protectionist land owner I should have mated some fran muse ageless the ant audit day ; aid stesid have told my twit. to come up to the seat touting of the penectioaista et 17, N•w Bond-street, ia wan OM they night sign a wwwwW 4 her Majesty, he nst tense of petitioning the Ham of Common., we were gong to lay our implants at the foot of the throne. ( Lang ater.) After my poor tenants had done this, they mig ht have gone hone and prepared their mats for the next half-year'. audit and, as sone fresh excuse would have to be found, 'I should have told them probably that instead of memorialising the Queen again they should agitate for the desolation of Parliament., When ones we had hit epos the .theme of dissolution of Pediment we should hen been safe a regards our rents for three years, becala each en agitation would last for some time—you would not bring it to a dose ender throe years. But, is the 'meantime, whet would have been the oonssieuences to the country ? (Hear, hear) Why, what with heart 'lemma at the delay ; what with hopes inspired by dreary protectionist speeches, telling the farmers that in ceder to pay rents they must have pro tection, while nothing was being dose for the melioration of their condition, a large portion of the tenantry might have been ruined. (Hear, hear.) And lam not sure that a large portion of the tenantry will not be ruined by the tseties of the protectionists (Hear, Mr.) But will anybody tell me that the farmer would necessarily be ruined, or the labourer thrown out of employment, if every landlord pur sued the 'me course as I have pursued with regard to my tenantry ? ("Hear, hear," and cheers.) Whet I wish you to understand is simply this—that this is purely a rent Ives don. (Hear, hear.) It 12 a question If rout, and witting else. (Hear, hear.) If the farmers cannot carry on their business, it is because they pay too high a money rent in Ro seate to the amount of their produce. (Hear, hear.) I not say that the rents of tne land might in many c sees be monsive, provided the land were cultivated up to its full ca panty. But that can never he done without sufficient ea pitch Sufficient capital you can never have without sufficient snare' , ; sufficient security you can never have without leases, or at lead a tenant right amounting to a lease. Unless you have all these you cannot ovoid a re duction of money nuts, or the other alternative, the ruin of a Inge proportion of the existing tenaetry. (Hear, hear.) Now, we want to bring landlord and tensed together, that they may confront each other in their natural ant legitimate capacity ; we want them to come together as other men of bueineu do, instead of playing this comedy at their meetings and crying out for protection, and saying that they were rowing in the same boat, when, in fact, they are rowing in two boats and in an opposite direction. Mr. Latimors has told you that the stock in trade of the farmers of this country has been estimated at 260,000,0001. Why, that is five times as much as the value of the stock in trade of the cotton manufacturers; and, in order to catch dim cod°. lords, it is proposed to bat t en farmers a burden of en times as great as that to w these cotton lords would be subjected. Is is not, I aek, a wise project of the fermer's friend, that the rates should be thrown on the Bustles capital, three-fourths of which are owned by tenant farmers ? I am really humiliated when I read of meetings at which farmers stand, and look, and gape while speeches are made in which such propositions are advocated. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I feel delighted—l positi ve ly reel gratified—that no landlord can e tepid me to attend such meeting, and that I have not, therefore, the huniiiia tion of witneesing such a spectacle. Now, what farmers I would do if they had leaders it Mr. Latham*, and if they had the courage to follow them (hear), is this, they would meet together as tenant farmers, and as tenant farmers on' y. That is the chirse the operative* and manufacturers of York shire and Laseashire nee ; bat the farmers—they are led cut to parade by the Intel agent, the valuer, and the land lord, and they allow the landlords to be constantly parading them in this way, talking in their name, and making an ea. Whims of them, which was lamentable to their fellow couotrym n. (" Hear, hear," and a laugh.) Now, on the' subject of the core laws, the tenant farmers should meet together by thenkelves, separate from the landlords, and consider hoer the question affected them. (Hear, bear.) I do not mean is say that on other questions the small squire and the tenant farmer should be separated, or that the laud lord and the tenant farmer should not go together to the same enurch, meet in the same marketplace, at the market dinner, and talk together on matters in which they are mutually and equally interested. (Cheers.) But when they assemble to talk of free trade, they should meet together by themselves, and landlords and landowners ehould be altogether excluded from their meetings to dis cuss this subject, In which they have an interest directly opposed to that of the landlords ; they should exclude not only the great landed proprietors, who live by letting land to others, who bring th, it capital and industry to bear on its co:ilea:ion, but to MOMS proprietors also whose interest is that of the landowner, although he may be an occupying farmer to some extent himself, by farming a portion of his own land. (Heir, hear) Is this matter of protection the tenant farmers have a totally distinct and opposite interest from that not only of the landlord, but of the small squire and the land agent, and urhil they meet together in a body apart from all other classes to consider the questions which affect their own particular interests, they will never have a chance of arriving at a just appreciation of their own position, as shall enable them to combine together to ob tain suns terms and conditions es are necessary to the sae earful carrying on of their business under free trade. (Hear. hear.) Let me not be misrepresented. Ido not my that, under a healthy and natural state of thing., all clesees of the community have not a natural interest in com mon. I know that the landowner, the tenant farmer, the manufacturer, and the merchant—all have a common inte rest in the prosperity of this country. Let all, then, act honestly by each other, and they need not doubt but that they would be promoting, in the end, not only their ow. interest, but the general interest of the whole community. (Lund cheers.) We have come here to talk or financial and parliamentary reform, and other kindred menet.. As lam minting from a severe cold, I will leave others to deal with these, having myself preferred to deal with the question as between the tenant farmers and the landowner,. (Loud cheer..) J. HOUGHTON, Esq. proposed the first resolution. He had stuck to the snip protection as long ea it would hold together; but it had faller to pieces, sad It was now their • duty to meet togetner to see what was best to be dose, not for the landlord only, but for the farmer and the Limiter. No man was more interested in this question than himself, ' whose every shilling was invested in and upon the land. No one, not even lir. Disraeli himself, proposed to repeal the corn laws. The question, then was what wee test to be done for the farmer and the labourer t They had been told that the ',pea of the corn laws would drive all the gold out of the country. But what was the fact t There was more gold in the country than at any previous time. (A voice—" Yes, but we can't get at it.") But it was the landlords who prevented their getting it. The whole question was rent. Uprises were increased by act of parliament to-morrow to any extent, would they not have a valuer over their lands with a view of increasing the rent of the land in propor tion to that increase of prices t He moved: "That this meeting denounces the attempt to re-impose • tan upon the bread of the people; that the proper remedy for the distress of which the humors complain is to be found in the re adjustment of terms between landlords and tenants, sad in the reduction of taxation; and that, to secure the latter object, it is desirable that the people should possess • complete control over the choice of the memben of parlia ment." Mr. 1. GIBBS emended the resolution. He said that the object of it wu to awn the fallacy of protection, bat he contended that a greater crime never disgraced the robber or the pirate, than would be the restoration of that system. Mr. F. O'CONNOR, M.P., then came forward and was loudly cheered. lie said he should not have been there but that no had heard Mr. Disraeli was expected, and he wee anxious to receive a lemma in political economy from the ' great master. (Laughter.) He presumed that the tenant farmers were there on a similar masien, and were anxious to learn how they might become independent of the land owners. Be looked upon the present movement as most important, and be believed that it would mainly influence the deliberations of the present parliament. (Hear, hear.) The farmers were the planate in the present action, and Um landlords tae defendants, and yet the latter unfairly Bought to be the arbitrators in their own caw. tHear, hear.) Ile had, in 1835, opposed free trade, because it was unaccomps Hied by other measure* which had been promised by Lord John Russell in lidinhargh, but now he supported it because its advocates were prepared along with it t give the fran chise to every unsullied man is the kingdom. Therefore he had joined this association because it sought to onfranchise the land, which was the raw material of labour, and to destroy that infernal feudal system which gave the country over bound hand mil foot iuto the hands of the landlords. (Cheers.) He was glad to find that the resolution was so acceptable to the meeting. Fur himself, he would repeat that he did not now stand in antagonism to a great popular party, and that be could unite with the association without i surrendering his owa principles. He would n ban Jen one point of the people's charter—(hear, hear) ; but he could not refuse to concur in anything which would confer bens, lßt on the people. (Cheers.) The Queen Dowager had lately died—a good woman, and one whose conduct had ben exceedingly philanthropic and humane. (bleu. hear.) Weald any of themselves be tone farthing the richer, uader the present system, for the falling in of her allowance of 100,0001. per anima ? (Hear, hear.) Nothing of the kind was to be expected. He hoped, however, that he should ere long cease among them as the harbinger of peace, to pro claim that the charter had become the law of the land. (Clasen.) Mr. likfilLlLL mid that as a landowner of that count he felt great pleasure in supporting the resolution. (Chitin.) Ile entirely agreed with Mr. Cobden that as regarded the cpsesties or Inc readjustment of rent the landlord and the tenant did not and Gould not float la the mine boat. (Hear.) It would be rank hypocrisy for him to stand there, and dealers that in • rent *entreat his own inter e st and that of the tenant were identical. It was slearly the interest of the tenant that the rent should be as low se kslible, and of the landlord the; it sho u ld be es has possible. (Rear, hear.) It was an important con oration, that if landlords could not obtain emplol went for THE EXPRESS THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 10, 1850, their sue la the veriest plates white were ern to the arks beetnny,they would be lied to train then artistries'. tene. (near, hear.) m e ad all kis life bra ea adverse fee him rade, .ad he bad, es the revises te evesdailild Mr. his face ' that his sehems for eq rates was a humbugging scheme. (Ch) re ) marl and temente did LE row in the same boat, bath were interested is the readjustment of taxation. Rome years ego the repeal of the malt tax was earnestly adreard In that county by the Duke of Backinglar. (Hier, bear.) There was at the present time great inditeresses ea that subject. (Hear, hear.) He Mitered that the landlords did rot want to have that tax repealed, braew they nosived the lion's share of it, either in pansies& or alphas fur their younger elm. (Hear, hear.) He had sera it stated is the papers that the hasn't ea the tends was to be reduced hem 3 to 24 per cent., sad that alteration would add 2,600,0001. to the revenue. There bad aho been aarsouseed • minim of 2,600,0001. in the expenditure, end it had bees stated that u the 6th of April neat, the ter ra& lion of the ananeial year, the Cleaseellor of the Hultman would have • surplus of 2,600,0001 The queue° was, whu should give way the rams; the landlord, or the tax-receiver The CHAIRMAN then invited any person who desired to speak Cronpposition to the resolution to 00•1411 forward, and there gno response, it was serried maid panel aria =Woe, one hand only brag held up against it. Mr. TAYLOR, of Birmingham, had come there as • working maa of Bizmiaghasn to tell the meeting what had Men M c by his elms la th e midland counties, and to endea gems to War them to follow so good an example. They had jest_ passed a nenlatios, but what was th e val ue of that F? What eared the Hoar of Commons about Chair mein leaf (Hear, hear.) The question for them now to consider was, how they would carry out the object of their moieties ? The answer wee simple— teeth the 40s. freehold movement. (Hear, hear.) That Mal the maly way to in.ke an Larnaca on the a 011,.. of Oserneas. Did they in.agiue they would ever haw carried the repeal of the corn laws if Lancashire and Yorkshire had not been no.? (Hear.) His belief was that the claims id the working WOWS would never be recognised by the British Parliament, and that no sidecar' of taxed= would rise pla • Raul the people could stand in the position, not of opponents to the landlords, but of landlords thenuielves. (Cheets.) There was no aiAlculty In this. He was • work. log man and earned his bird by the labour of nu hands and the sweat of bis brow, yet he was, at this moment, the possessor of seven 10s. freeholds, and exercised the right to Tote in as many counties. (Cheers.) He was now getting the !mochas is the same way for three others, Leicestershire, Hertturdshire, and Derbyshire, each of which Le hoped at another election to waist in winning over to the side of the people ; and if they would only establish • freehold land society is Bucks, he and many others of his townsmen would join it, and smut in rescuing that county also from the hands of these who now misrepresented it. (Cheese.) The 40s. freehold more- went was the only mass al thoroughly Wu:min the Holm of Common. Mr. WILLIS (manufacturer, from Luton), neat ad dressed the meeting. H. regretted that it was found sary to discuss again a question w►ich he had hoped and trusted was dead and boned fur ever. Seven years since be 1 bad accompanied Mr. Cobden en his attempts to prove that protection woe of no benefit to any clam of the community. He inked the farmers, then, were they really sincere in wish , in` the return to protection, as it they wee., they must expect an immediate revival of that egitatiou wh.ch he had hoped was for ever buried ? Ho was prepared to prove that protection b-re on the labourer, and ou tuin oaly. Who ate tne bread Woo paid for it 1 The question was asked by landlord or tenant, but the answer would be the labourer, _ _ _ Mr. GIBBS proposed thinks to the chairman, also to the High fineriff,aud te the gentlemen of the deputation. Mr ROBERTSON (Luton) secon.ied lesolution, which was canted unanimously. The CHAIRMAN returned thinks, and the meeting separated with three cheers for Mr. CAdess. THE FREEHOLD LAND MOVEMENT. THE LEEDS AND WEST RIDING SOCIETY. A freehold land society has just been formed in Leeds, and a puhlic meeting in connexion therewah was held in the S•otk Exchange Hail, Albiun•place, Leeds, on Monday evening, for the purpose of hearing en address from Mr. James Taylor, of Birmingham. EDWARD BAINES, was called upon to preside. The meeting was filed fur seven o'clock, at which hour the attendance was not large, but before the close of the proceedings the spacious hall was tilled. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, spoke favourably of land and building societies, which he consi dered highly valued*, and as tending not only to increase the electoral body in the counties, but also t., produce the hest social and moral effects upon our industrious popule•ion. ' In his opinion a large extension of the suffrage wou:il be of great advantage to the country, and he thought it was only a matter of right that the franchise should be extended to a great number of our fellow countrymen, who were well qualified to exercise it fairly, h fleetly, and uprightly. (Cheers.) Mr. Taylor had given his heart end soul to this movement, and had effected wonders in t►e Midland Counties. He would tell them what had been the result of his efforts, and at the conclusion of his address wculd be most happy to answer any questions which the audience might wish to put to him. Hr. TAY did not know that he could do better then explain to the meeting the principles en which "The Birming ham Freehold Land Society" was established, and on which, the one in the West Aiding of Yorkshire was also formed. (lieer, hear.) The simplicity of this society and of build ing societies in general en their great recommendation ; 1 the only difference between them being that in building societies each individual member bon Ay; is own peiperty, whilst in the freehold lead societies it was bought for them by others in large quantities end retailed out to each at wholesale prices. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) Their society was called " The Birmingham and Midland Counties Benefit Building Investment and Lend Society ;" therefore, th y were able to el , rive • 1 the advantages to be derived from the act of parliament called the Friendly S ci ties' Act. When in London getting the society enrolled by Mr. Tidd Pratt, he wanted to call it " The Birmingham Ftee hold Laud Society " Mr. Tidd Pratt said, " You must call it a building society." He (Hr. T.) replied, " It is not a build ing society." Mr. Tidd Pratt replied, " It does not matter, you must call itsa." He (Mr. 'l'.) said, " Well, if they did call it so, it would be called what it was not, but it would be a tight child with a wrong name, that would be all." (Cheers and laughter.) Well, in the Birmingham society they limited the shares to 601. It did not therefore follow as a matter of course chat they should go up to that amount to create a share. They had made in Birmingham 398 shares out of one estate, and 426 out of another, and the price of each would be much under that amount, although be was not prepared to ray exactly what the average amount would be. Their rules defined the duties of their officers, and the rules of the West Riding Land Society, he understood, would be very similar to theirs in Birmingham. Well, in Birmingham, they had ones a year a meet ing of the members, when the President, Vice.Prasi dent, and the committee, are elected, and any member, whe ther male or female, can legitimately nominate persons for any of the offices. (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) The elm tion was by ballot, and whoever had the greatest number of votes was declared duly elected. Thea they had • .sub-treasurer, through whom the money was passed into the Bank. They had made arrangements for keeping the Bank open till 10 o'clock gt night, in order that their sub treasueer might ply in the amount received each subscription night. (Hear, hear.) They sometimes received es much u 5001. on a night; but in order to be perfectly safe, they had security from the sub neasurer to the amount of 6001. (Hear, hear.) This being so, they were heedless whether he ran away or no; because it he run away with 6001. they had security for 6001. (Hear, hear.) Another rule they had de fined—the mode of allotment of the shares. Thou who joined the society first had the first chance of land, but they had no right to von for their allotments Supposing they purchased an estate which would confer or divide into 100 allotmen s the surveyor was sent upon it to make a plan and to divide it into err sin pieces, making in the whole 100 allotments, and where necessary to cut streets through it. If the estate cost 2,0001, and the surveyor cut two or three leading struts through it, this might make the cost of the *hole 2,3001, or any other sum, as the ease might be; this increased cost was spread over the entire estate, and the surveyor was instructed to make the allotments of sued • sise as to coder the elective franchise upon the holder of each allotment. He numbered these allotments 1,2, 3,4, and so on up to 100. The secretary then sent to each of the first hundred members on the books according to his seniority, to ascertain whether it was his intention to join in the ballot for tt.es• hundred allotments. No member woe compelled to join the ballot ; but if the locality did not suit him, h e cou ld defer his chance till another opportunity. It was not a ballot who should have land, but which wee of land each of the 100 members should take. (Hear, hear.) There were no blanks in their ballot box, the whole of the names put In being for one or mere pieces of land. (Hear, hear.) Eighty shareholders might hold 100 shares; their names would be pat into the box—Mr. So-and-So, one share, and Mr. So-and-so, two shams, and soon until a sufficient num ber of members' names were put in for the whole number of shares. This being done, a little boy turned the ballot wheel, and the first name which came out took the allot ment No. 1 on the plan ; the next name, No. 2, and so on to the cud ; and supposing Nos. 9 and 10 were two pieces of land each at the corner of a street, and these numbers are drawn by a plural shareholder, he would not be per mitted to take them, because some advantages were generally considered to attach to property at the corner of • street, and therefore he would pass by No. 9, and would take Ness. 10 and 11—(beer)—and the next name Litalla would take No. 9, and thus the holder of a double share would hove no advantage over the holder of only a single share. (" H ear , hear, end applause.) The whole had been settled in this way, and the holders of the 824 allotment* in the Birmingham Society had been made in less than two years. (Hear, bear.) One of their rules empow ered the trustees to borrow money for the use of the mem bers, and, of course it empowered them to pay it batik (" z any i ng , him" and laughter.) As 'he did not wish to concealng, he would tell them what was done when their land was allotted. The first allotments in Birmingham bad averaged 221. 9s. each, but, to make the matter plain to the meeting, he would call it 262. each. If at the time they had their Mlotment made they had paid 91. in to the society, the trustees would lend them 161. over and above what they had paid in by subscription of Is. 6d. per share, and 6d. • quarter for expenses. This being flmei their land would be mortgaged to the satiety for 171. 12s. To repay this 161. it would take about four /ease hut. in that time their subscriptions would run a few weeks over to the amount of Bs. a year, in addition to paid up capital, when they would be released from the so deny hoe of expense. But if in two years, or even less, they egad pay is advance, instead of remaining elemben the when fear years, they would be releas e d so s oon as t h ey h a d paid bosh the whole among advanced to them. This was an a soggy for making money. They did not mike Impound lnimprese; if any profits were made they were divided ameapt the members of the society, and if it mounted to Ave or tea pe r we it would be taken from the money they had to pay in 94/00Mbe to the amount of each subscriber, to that the poor mare, who was in longer would he equal to the rich man not ha the gaiety so long. It was necessary they should have these mortgages, and this bargain in order to secure payment of the contingent expenses of the eociety. It was also safe to those who had not had their allot:at nes. If parties had not had their allot moats, their money had gone to purchase allotments for others, and therefore it was right they should have security for their money; thus the plan was adopted for the safety of individual memben, and for the safety of the institution itself. (Hear, hear.) If a member happened to die, his wife, or heir at law, who might step into his gees took the same position in the society as the original member without any sacrifice whatever. And here he must cell the attention of the meeting to the dangers and accidents which attended the lot of the working man, for their rules had been framed with a due regard to the changes and virgaitudes which cionursd in the lire of the humblest working man. (Hoar, hear.) Now if a man in good decimating, subscribed for one or two sharer, and ciregastaness should afterwards arise to make it necessary to close he could, by giving a m on tk' s no ti ce to the secretary, withdraw the whole of the money he had paid in except the Bd. per share charged to him quarterly for payment of the incidental expenses. (H ear , h ear .) B at the feet was, that in the Birmingham sweaty, and they had 2,000 members subs:Tibias 2,000 shares, they had never had but one single withdrral, end that was of a clumsy snob, who happ ened to cut his head ;he had paid I s . 6d. i e an d b e receiv ed s. 6d. heck again. (Langhter and cheers.) No doubt Birmingham contained some simpletons, as probably West Yorkshire did toe, but in the former place those who found it necessary to withdraw, easily found other persons to take their places. He had known as moth ea 81. more titan a member had paid, given for a share. (Hear, hear.) They were not to be supposed then to have any withdrawals, as a party could transfer his interest in the rocisty to any mem, woman, or chibl, with out acquainting any member of the aommittee and make any arrangement he tho ug ht p ro p er w i t h the individual he wishes to take his place In the institution. (Hear, hear.) There IMO three officers in the s..ciety who wanenomewhat of importance—the surveyor, the secretary, and the solicitor or st.licitors. He would tell them what the .Birmingham Secie.y did, and they in West Yorkshire might take the hint if they liked. (Hear, hear.) In the Birmingham Rciety they engaged a surveyor who was at the top of his profession, and if they had not done so, at the sitting of the Revising Barrister's Court last year their opponents would have de feated them, or have tried hard to do so. Well, they en. $/14C.i the first surveyor in North _Warwickshire, Mr. Fulton, of Birmingham. He was summoned before a re vising barrister to prove the seine of the allotments of land taken by the members, and it war said that other surveyors were to be put forward to give counter evi deco, ; when they were told who it was they bad to option, they shrunk from the task, and dared notcome to give evidence in opposition to the society's yor —(hear, hear)—and the result was thsg the re vising banister told him he would not give him .he trouble of proving the value of 231 allotments, and he therefore asked to be allowed to prove the value of the smallest piece of land, and, if he succeeded, the rest should be taken as proved. The barrister and the conservative agent assented, and the yor proved that the smallest niece was w - rth 62.. a year, and the barrister then declared the whole peeved. This ended the dispute. They considered they had won a creat point, for it had been said some quacks in the profession would give counter evidence ; but their opponents dare not bring oven a rushlight to meet the society's eamphine light, as they called their surveyor. (s. Hear, bear," and cheers.) Then, as to the secretary, that ours a necre•ary officer. In last year's report it we. stated mat he (Mr Taylor) wrote 6,000 letters. The fact wee, they feared to tell the whole truth, for fear people should inn ; gine they were telling something else; for the number he nad written win nearer 9,00 th in 6,000. (Hear, hear.) Then there were the lawyers—they were very naughty sub juts. (Lough er.) Working 111-1/ don't like them, enekbe was never much in love with them. (Hs ar, hear.) -They neither liked their bills nor their sin-and eight pence., nor any. thing else, and the further they could kee p them off the better. Well, what had they done with these chaps ? He would tell ' them. They said it would not do to let them charge Si., Gl., or 71. f y c,nycyance and for every mortgage, and ' he (Mr. Taylor) and another was appointed to wait on them. They said to the se lawyers that they were going to make a bargain with them, as the society were going to make a good many freeholders, and many conveyances and *ewe mortgages would be r, guinea if they weuld make a contract for them. (Hear, hear.) Contract! said the lawyers. Why it was beneath the dignity of the pr fewion, and they could not enterain the idea of contracting. (Laughter.) He sad his friend said, " Take it cool:y, for we shall go to some one else that don't think it beneath the dignity of your pro :mien ; for we believe, if you average your charges, you will encoursge many s orking man to become freeholders, and you will add a LAW r•l‘ding laurel to the dignity of your prof, sai (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) They did Lot get over them with that, and another thing was tried. 'they (the deputati - a) said the lawyers were nut a wit more hon ourable than members of the medical profession, and they made no objection to attend the si. k in their lodgings, and did not think it dishonourable to make a street at so much each member. This bad the desired effect, and they agreed to drew every conveyarc for 30s. each, exclusive of stamps and parchment. (" Hear, hear, - and cheers.) A stamp, if the value was under 201. would cost 10s. If above 201. and under 501., 20e., parchment about 3.. fel.; s 3 that the whole cost of conveyance was only 21. 3s. 6d.; and if above 201., 21. 13s. 6.1 ; as they had not to pay any stamp duty on their morose, s, the cost was only U. 13s. 6d. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Taylor then proceeded, at some length to contend that the working classes were entitled to the suffrage, and remarked upon the boll iwneas and hypocrisy of those who, with loud profewions of attach ment to the working demi, degraded and oppressed them, and denied them that education which they alleged was to fit them for the exercise of the franchise. He was in the House of Commons recently, and saw such a scene of disorder 411 d tumult on Mr. Cobden rising to address the house, that he declared if "some of those fellows" had so conduced themselves in I% public-house, they would have been put out by the "get" of the neck. (Laughter.) These men, indeed, to call them the uneducated ; and yet they placed to :es on paper and on their newspapers. (Hear, hear) He next urged upon his audience the necessity of qualifying in order to win the coun ties. Birmingham was situated on the borders of South Staffordshire, North Warwiclubire, and East Worcestershire, and they intended to will them all. They had already sent Mr. Newdegare and his colleagues notice to quit, and in termed others who still wished to have M.P. attached to their names that they must look out for some other consti tuency. He expressed his ardent devotion to the cause of the working man, and called upon them to unite and exert themselves for the purpose of winning the counties, assuring them that no victory would be so worthy. no triumph so great. He concluded by sgahaexpreseing, with much ear. neatness, his hearty and sincere desire to serve the cause of the working man. Loud applause greeted Mr. Taylor as he concluded his address. Mr. T. FLINT then moved a resolution approving of the formation of a freehold land society in Leeds and the West Riding, and appointing a committee of management. In the course of his observations he alluded to toe necessity of in fusing new blood into t►e West Riding constituency, for in many parts of it the electors had not a soul to call their own, being obliged to vote as their landlords dictated. In proof of this position he gays some statistics illustrative of the condition of she agricultural elec tors at the last election. Ile said there were 656 townships and 35,281 electors in the West Riding at the last election. In 201 of these townships there were 1,82.5 of the electors who all voted one way—all voted tory. (Rear, hear.) I■ 18.5 other townships 2,947 voted tory and 717 liberal. In 55 townships 1,676 electors voted bine, and 1,440 orange. The result of the whole was, that in 441 townships 6,448 voted blue, and 2,157 orange; and of the remaining 215 townships, 8,260 voted blue and 9,649 orange. This state of things, he argued, called for an effort to multi ply freekoldera in the manufacturing districts, in order to enable them to return to parliament men who aid Messrs. Cobden and Ruins and Sir William Molesworth, the leaders of financial,parliamentary, and colonial reform. Mr. DAVID GREEN seconded the motion as a step in the right direction. The resolution was carried amidst loud applause. A vote of thanks to Mr. Taylor, and to t►e chairman, ter minated the proceedings. - At the clo.; of the meeting 54 persons entered their names for shares, making the whole number of members now enrolled, 120. There is every prospect of a very extensive organisation taking place throughout the Riding, and such as will enable the free traders to bid defiance to all promo tionist opposition. THE LAND MOVEMENT LN BIRMINGHAM. EIRMINOITAM, JAN. B.—The adherents to this move ment its this quarter are daily increasing. A second society was started a few days since, with every apparent proapeet of success ; at the first meeting, held last evening, upwards of 200 shares were subscribed for. The prospectus centaias the following paragraph : " The object of this society will be the moral and social elevation of the masses, pectin of either party politics or sectarian views in religion, for whilst the political enfran chisement of its members must be the result of this and all similar societies, it is not intended to be a political society in the common acceptation of that term, for it will kaow no metallicr in any other capacity thanes a man capable of judg• inf for himself how he shall vote, without the dictation of this or any other society." Sams improvements in the original plan are referred to in the following terms: " That, as far as possible, the object aimed at in every purchase of land shall be quality rather than quantity, or, in other words, to purchase smaller lots at a higher price, near the town, rather than what has been too generally the case, larger lots at a lees price, farther from the town, thereby ren d er i ng them for practical purposes in many cases almost valueless. What the promoters particularly wish to see carried out is—the members buying for themselves, rather than, as at present, the committee doing it for them. As an example of what is meant suppose 20 or more members eligible for their allotments should meet with a piece of land suitable for themselves, they inquire the price, and if approved of by the society's surveyor request the committee to adun•s the amount required to purchase it, and allot it minoadst them, which may be done in any form or sire these members choose, it beimg voila stood, however, that the prices do not exceed the value of the shares held by t►em, unless they be prepared to pity the dif foresee ; by this mean the promoters believe the society may be nude is more useful than hitherto, particularly for building purpoon " THE STARVATION CASE AT SOUTHAMPTON. CLOSE OE THE INQUIRY. SOUTHAMPTON, WitroiraanaT. Before the court closed yesterday, and after our parcel was made up, Joseph Valium, the porter st the gate, was examined. He stated that be had been an inmate of the workhouse sines the 6th of February, and was placed in chirp of the gate on the 11th of December. His duties were not fully &deed in writing. Some rules were bang up at the lodge. The get* was not opened before 7 ctn. in the winter. No inmates of the house go out without a ticket. Hie instructions were to admit any one immediately who bad aa order from a doctor or a guardian. He then sent a boy with this order, and the person applying up to the house, and had nothing more to do with the twee. If any destitute party applied, who had no ticket, his duty was to send them to the relieving officer. Both the relieving dB "era are generally in attendance early In the day, and a/o detained on and off during the day. He was in the lodge on the 21st The boy went to the door, and opened the elide, and told him that some one at the gate wanted relief—a night's lodg ing. He told him to admit, and Elizabeth Herrin aad her child came in. She produced no order. She gave her name u Elisabeth Harris * and her age as 22 years. Ho h a d order to put in the tramp house all who came for a might's lodging, and to give them a rug. He put Elizabeth Harris in the tramp•house, according to these instructions. The boy Collies carried the lantern, and witness +hut her in. She said nothing about any doctor's order. Some time after this he took some water to another woman in the tramp-house, when Harris complained of cold and illness. He sent the boy for C.menonde who came and looked at the woman, and said to her , " Oh , it's y 0. .; send you cut to a lodging ; come, get up, and come with me." Sim monde, Pike, witness, and the women, went together into the lodge, where Simmonde wrote out a ticket. Pike wished to give her a loaf of bread, but Basswoods said there was no necessity. Pike geld that if anything shou'id occur he would not be answerable for it. There was a great dell of alter cation between the two about the loaf. Simmonds gave her a ticket lor Hogrjohn's ludging.house ' and ehe went away. linew of no application on the Saturday. He would not swear he did not send some one to Air. Dusautoy's. He re. membered something occurring outsid" the gate about some one wanting a doctor. He was at the gate all day on Satur day. If any person applying said they were akin to dying, he would rot * e nd th em away, but would iequir, ietoit. The woman Harris cams about six o'clock in tun evenizg. He did not notice that she looked ill or weak. It wee a cold frosty night. Ile made the entry in the book as " Elizabeth Harris, 22, inhabi ant," end when she went out he struck cut the entry. The inquiry before Lard Conrtenay was resumed this morning, at ten o'clock, at the Guildhall. Hie lordship examined ell the witnesses in this case who had previouey given evidence before Me coroner's jury, the coert of guardians, and the magistrate!, the later cf whom committed Simmonds for trial on a charge of manslaughter on Friday last, subsequently, however, accepting bell for his appearance to answer to tee charge. N , J new lacts of any importance were elicited from these witnesses by Lord Cour teous, that would tend so alter the general complexion of the case, as previ , :usly reported; but in a ditinu his lordship examined several of the guaruiar.!, with a view to gain in formation as to the present sate u: the workhouse, end tue method of conducting its business, eqatti:e him to frame his report upon the subject to the poor law commiseiwere. At the conclusion of the evidence, Capt. Kell presented himself, nod said that he should be happy to give his lordship Soy int.rmstiun r. spi-rting the general management of the huwe, ii nis lordship it is!,ed it. Lord Courtecay said that would be beyond toe object or his present enquiry. He might be glad to reeeivo it on another occasion, but his init..iry oh ti c present to ision was restricted to the management as it related to the case of the pauper Biggs. On that he had evidence suffici.m, and snouts report to the ren-law board. He would hot say whether or not the re was ri om for on enquiry into tho general management, but that sin! Lot now his ehji c*.—As no other gentleman presented himsell to give evidence, her lordship declared the engulf. ) . closed. The board of guardier.a met at the poorhouse yesterday (Tuesday) evening, the tosyor in the chair, to cowl& r the propriety of bringing fLuthampton tinder the poor•law hoard ; and, after a lengthy dieraision, the following rescohi lion was curried by a meprity of 9 to 4:—" Toat this court approve of the New Poor Luw, and are et opinion tnat the placing the adminietri.tion of the poor law within this town and di..rict wider the effective superintendence of the New l'oor Law Commisii men would be attended with great benefits to all classes of the community; and that tho clerk be instructed to write to the churchwarder.s of the several parishes is the town, to call vestry meetings, to exprets their opinion on the subject." A rrcommendation was also ordered to be forwarded to the sev. ral churchwardens, re queiting them to call the vestries tn.retner simultaneously on Tuesday, the 22nd instant, at twelve o'clock. BENEFICENCE AT CHELSEA.—On Monday, the 14th inst., the sum of 7.51. will be distributed amongst the poor of Chelsea in the following manner:—To two delete log housekeepers, 301; to 200 distressed pari.tionen one quartern loaf each ; to two of th e m ee t deeming children in the parish (Rarity scLool, to apprentice them, 281.; to 40 of the next best children of the school, 41. ; to the clergy atmcilhaheniuros,wt ed f a o r ; r d isan s e , t z 2 h 2 e . m od ; the th in i t v o e l i n dr i:h n 4 i o f organist,ch il dren : p i a n hv l e a e u n y i ram nibgoaidnichhrtusi.hngeLtoucutokibecasithdis.oena: Tho mas Flood, an o:d and reepected magistrate and inhabitant of Chelsea, to be appropriated in a similar mom r on the 13th of January for aver, uule,s that day happens to be Sunday. HARBOURS OP REFUGE, BREAKWATERS, &C.— Yesterday an opportunity was atfurded us of traminiog models of a yielding breakwater and lighthouse on a Lew system, lately invented by Mr. W. H. Smith, of No. I, Royal Exchange-buildiegs. The novilty of Mr. Smith's invention does not consist in the discovery of any new prin ciple but rather in the application at • simple but ingenious mechanism, by which he nsa contrived to resolve the difficult problem of giving fixity of tenure to a yieldieg . übstance on an element like the sea. The mode by whicn it is accom plished hes at least the tree; of great simplicity. The model exhibited represents a section of a breakwater, SO feet high and 50 feet broad. It consists of cuneifotm frames or gratis go, composed either of weed or iron, the edge ends of which are secured at the bettem by a joint link to screw pile beads. To the upper or broad ends of this framework two braces, not not ke • man's arm, having counterbalance weights at the angle, or elbow-joint, es it may be called, are attached ; the other extremrits being likewise tired at the bottom, at some distance from the framework. The effect of this contrivance is, that in ordinary weather the braces or arms are sufficient to sat as tension rods, and keep the w, tk perfectly taut and quiescent; wbilst in a storm, instead of °tiering an unyield ing but probably unavaiting resistance to the impetus of a violent sea, it yields, indeed, but gradually and slightly, as the c,unterpoise presented by the weights to the sea's action has first to be overcome. If the waves be of sufficient ass and force, the weights are uplifted; but the greater the ele vation of the weights, the greater lithe resistance:of the frame is the waves. After each wave has become disseminated through the gratings, the weights in turn prevail, and sinking, draw back the frame. The framing been open, with a greater or less space beneath, admits of a free tidal current and scour of the sea, thus obviating those bars and deposits so invariable in stone structures. The breakwater may be employed either wi kor without a gangway. The principle of tee lighthouse is the same as that of the breakwater, and is equally eppli. cable to harbours of refuge, piers, etc. Mt ith regard to the important question of expense, Mr. Smith maintains that he can construct • harbour on this principle, of sufficient depth and capacity to shelter •de sere large ships, at a cost of 8,0001., which, if made of stone, would require ea outlay of 200.0001. It would not be euy to overestimate the value and importance of an in vention like this to a great commercial country, if in pre*. ties' operation it should prove as successful as toe simplicity of construction and action in the model before us would lead is to anticipate. TESTIMONIAL TO TUE CHIEF RABBI OF TILE Jaws.—The Rev. Dr. N. M. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the Jews of the United Kingdom, arrived at Portsmouth on Thursday last, being his first official visit to the Hebrews of that town. His object appears to be an inquiry into the religious and social condition of the Jesse, and to promote education in the rising generation. On Thursday evening he dined with the members of the Portsmouth Hebrew Beaevolent Institution, at the Beneficial Society's Hall. About 120 gentlemen sat down to a most sumptuous entertainment. The chair was supported by the Mayer and magistrates of the borough, and several mem bers of the council. On Saturday the rev. doctor delivered a most impressive sermon in English, at the Synagogue, which was crowded to He took tor his subject the vision of God unto Moses in the burning bush, which, though burning, wan never consumed The comparison drawn between the burning bush and that peculiar nation, the Jews, is indeed worthy our observation. The learned doctor expressed himself as near as possible in the followiog words:—'that although the Israelites had b:en for many centuries the objects of much oppression and tyranny—bus, proud he was to sae, that it was far from this happy land—yet with all the burning Names of that oppression they n were to be destroyed. Thu rev. doctor also im pressed on the community the advantages of concord, and spoke in terms of gratitude for the kind treatment of the Jews in this highly favoured country. He entreated them •s promote knowledge and piety, and to exalt them e Ives by the cultivation of those social virtues which ele vate mankind, so as to ensure the regard of their fellow ciotinseonfs. the Hebrews Sunday t he rev. sin their vestry hall, Purtaea. It was attended by about 100 'tidies and gentlemen of the Hebrew community, the abject gentleman outhto an accepted in e the party, invite. lion y v"- , at being to acknowledge their gratitude and the high opinion they entertain of their pastor, by the presentation of a tes timonial. It consisted of an elegant tea and coffee ferries of silver, which bore the following inscription: "Presented by the Hebrews of Portsmouth to the Rev. Dr. N. M. Adlt r, in testimony of their spacers admiration of his pro- found judgment, affectionate advice, unwearied benevolel„ and noble e :ample, and in conenemoration of Ms fleet , :./•-, to their ancient congregation.-2:,•d day of Tgipsth,ls6lo, . , I \ m y Yesterday Dr. Adler, attended by his secretary.. Visaed ' . 1 " D oc kyard, Clarence-yard, and other governallit eetele, a " `,, ' . '• , meats, orders having been received by the Allitti g is f l *,-; fl , • - eord him every attention. The rev. dOMO 7 teats, tllltdilt'4l • ! for Leaden. :. 5 , ". :-• I - I 71 - ..a. 1 ' .ee . .1 , e''. ". i':- • . 'en e; Qtli et .../ 04 -. ei1...b,„e,,,, 3