The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-05 00:00:00

gfte erpnefSis• OUTGOING MAILS. TM nails kw Lisboa. Spats, awl Gibraltar will be made up es Jae. 7. The smile rid Mareeilles, to the Mediterrsnean, Egypt, Ceplea. iloagtlioog, as., will be suede up as the midst of ha. 7. The wells ix British North Amass awl the Usite4 Slaw will be nada up ea tbe regain et Jas. 11. The West Leas Maga, fueled*, Berwads, Banana!, Neweu, nandares, New Odeon, sad Wilco. sod includiD6 Mies ler Madeira, St. Jaaa-ditNisenoits, New Orsuads, sad Persorill be made up cut Joe. 17. The sails for Gibraltar, Melts, Greece, the beim lelande, l =Copies, ladle, sad Calms, vie Sestliseptos, will up ea the avenue of Jas. 19. The It fee Modena, the Brasile, sad Besses laires,wlll M sods up ea tbs sweats( el }'.b. 4. MIDI WATI AT wrocor To- tro ssn•—shavows, it s: Tau Dat—aliMikt, IA. AtainetA. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6. Ir any mom for doubt ever existed regarding the speedy and spleedid results of Free Trade, it must be new removed. The returns for the eleven months ending bth December, 1849 ' are conclusive evidence that all which was foretold respecting the cense genes at free imports was true. To obtain augmented stares of raw materiel, we most give augmented giantlike' of manufactured epode in exchange. All the bullion in the vaults of tie Bank would not have sufficed to pay for the foreign corn which we have impaled and corsumed. And as the stocks of coined and uncoined treasure in the subterranean caverns of Threadneelle-strret have foe now many months gone on inereosiog, instead of diminishing, it is pretty clear that it was not in specie we paid for the enor mous amount of commodities we have imported during the last year. To carry on the gigantic operations of imperial traffic, silver and gold we may almost be said to have none. Tee whole amount of the precious metals we pones do little mere then serve as small change for our innumerable transactions. And is the most cre dulous votaries of the old superstitious worship of protection can hardly believe that foreigners give us somepty millions worth of goods without getting from us valuable consideration of some sort in re turn, we might feel logically satisfied with the enu meration given in the tables of the Board of Trade of all the various articles of raw produce or exotic growth, and rest assured that whatever we bad found room for in our import warehouses we must have &mid (gide vaunts for on our export wharfs. Bat logic is left nothing to do in the matter. 'the marvellous account is settled in the old fashioned manner of double entry. We keep our national ledger with circumstantial care, and tradesman-like paiticulari.y. There is no margin left for surmise or conjecture, and we are thus enabled at a glaecs to see not only that we have actually paid for the huge purchas:s of all kinds we have been making, but how and in what way we have paid for them. In the corresponding months of 1848, we exported goods to the value of 44,407,912/. In the eleven months of 1849 we have exported to the value of 54,089,8091. The last month of every ye-:r is usually one of less commer cial activity ; but, making a very moderate estimate of what December will be found to realise, we shall probably be wi•hin the mask when we ray that the exports of 1949 will be found to have exceeded those ;of 1848 by tin millions sttrling. s This is what we hey. gained already by free trade '—a gain worth defending were we in any danger of being deprived of it, but one in point of fact whose very richtees constitutes its eaftty. For what do these ; ten millions stand fot ? What but the amount of 'additional labour absorbed, utilized, and turned to profitable account ? Every man, woman, and child, of the vast additional multitude that the production of this additional mass of elaborated commodities has given wages to, is a recruit enlisted in the great self ;supporting. army of it:clothe. No wonder, then, that Protectionist meetings shoidd end in confusion and 'discomfiture, wherever they have not been packed beforehand, and " made safe," as the gamblers phrase it. , There is but one drawback on the exultation 'wherewith all wise and honest men regard this glo lions verithation of the truth of competition as the guiding principle of the rational policy. We regret to think that eo many of the class who above all 'others was befooled and plundered by protection, should still be led astray by the cajolenes and false hoods of their bankrupt mestere. We believe that the surviving number of dupes among the farmers is _very mach smaller than trading and intriguing politicians would have the world suppose. We `have good reason to know that there are large numbers among the over-rented cccu piers of land who are thoroughly alive to the tree interests of " their order," arid who, when they dare, Aline citterly the day in which they helped to swell the cry for a delusive corn law, whose working has Own to leave them in a state of terrible embarrass ifatift. The protecionista have taken to swaggering 'much about a dissolution of parliament. and to tvepuriog challenges of an appeal to the country. Will they agree ta try the issue with the ballot? lf not, what does their vanuting mean, unless it be that they trust to their power of bullying their exhausted and defenceless dependents into compliance with their ;will. Two admonitions have been most seamnably ad- I dreamed to the farmers on this sabjecL The one ' from which we gave some extrude yesterday is from 1 the pen of the Rev. A. Hurrant.t ; the other by Mr. I W. Wrirreioat. The former frankly . owns, as a 1 practical agriculturist, that Pit l', "l:Zi ef whist 1 daring the lest jeer were caused by physical, not I fiscal canoes; and while he states with equal candour I this ossvicion that no average land is worth more 1 Ito a tenant, nadir existing and probable circum stances, than t.ceuty shillings an acre, he proceeds to • show all industrious and energetic farmers, who do ' not suffer themselves to be rack-rented, how they 1 !may make money, " Oven at present prices . 0 A wry large propertioa of the evils complained of maw be found is the elects of the &Natrona sewn of 1848. The rains which fell is the West of England were so incessant, ;that the waste fellows could not be properly cleaned, the . hay hawse was one of the worst ever known, the wheat was ,deacieut la quantity, end is quality still more inferior—in fact the year 1848 might be painted is the agriculture! colas. der es one of foal knows, drenched hay, sprouted corn, sad spoilt straw. But if it was bad in the bus, it wits worse In ;the stall ; tor daring the winter which followed came on 'that clepredatioa et stock which has continued ever since, 'and which ma *wetly be reckoned less than 23 per cent. •The straw and hay which were employed in feeding had left their washed-out virtues is the field, and when the spring arrived, cattle which had been fattened with so much diffi culty and especisr, realised but little more than had been 'paid fer theta when they were in their store condition. I doubt net that the value of the little good grain which was In the farmers' hands was depreciated by the large irs partakes which took place on the repeal of the corn laws, but thtse importations were absolutely required for " working up " our own damp sprouted samples tato some. thing like decent flour, and it ought to be remembered that without this free admixture of foreign grain large maws of the nation weeld have bees csedeinned to eat deer and bed bread. It is net at all metals' that even a high amount 4 proteetive duty would materially have rallied th e market, for we find that even under the sliding scale in the year 1833 the sewage of the price of wheat was 40s. per quarter. It ii *e very remarkeble and significant fact that, although a larger quantity of foreign corn has been admitted this year then ever has bees known, it has all been cleared for home eettwunption ; and, at the same time, during the last ten weeks, 10,000 cleaners of British corn haw been sold more these during the corresponding period of last year. Thus the lowness of pries and the lulnese of employment among Our operstiws have created an enormous cinsumption. Oar views will be illustrated by the state of things in France at the pretest moment—there, under a high protective duty and an abundant harvest, the price of wheat has been cos tinuously fa!liely, till the value of a bushel of wheat his now sunk to 41 which the French agriculturists declare cannot remencratithe producer. Mr. WfitTwones pamphlet is equally well in tended, although in a different way. He addressee himself to a minute and candid examination of the causes which have contributed directly or indirectly to swell the recent importations. He confesses ,that they have been larger than he anticipated ; but as he endeavours to demonstrate their exceptional character in many leading features, he confidently pronounces hie opinion as • practical farmer, that there is no sufficient ground for panic or desp air : With relined to the pries at which wheat Is likely to be sold under free trade, I have as yet seen nodding to miss me to doubt that a price nearer to 60a. then 404. will be an ;e—"Afew Ploin Thoughts on Imo Trade and Agriculture." &coed part, p. 21. Such are the facts and opinions with which the new year openr. It is impossible to conceive any pore full of encouragement and instruction. Tess Churchwardens of Manchester have resolved to bring the gaudiest of Church Reform in that City to an immediate solution. The Crown and the st Ewa siestioal Commissioners having, mob affslint tbe City's wish, given it a Baba?, they are deteemisod to bestow on it a properly constituted body of Paro chial Clergy. The Church, being endowed therein with large remiss, which have for centuries been indecently misapplied, the Churchwardens Ire re solved to see wheth er parliament will refuse to appropriate them to then original purpose—the 'pi nned benefit of the inhabitants of the parish of Manchester. Much having been said by the Hierarchy of the Establishment of the necessity of dividing huge parishes, they we determined to put, in the case of the hugest of all English parishes, the sincerity of these proieseions to the t. at. In short, the Church wardens of Manchester have given notice of an appli cation to parliament for a bill for the division of that pariah into distinct and separate parishes, for apply ing the church revenues therein to parochial purposes, foe the hotter managem , nt of such property, and for otherwise regulating and amending the ecclesiastical 'provision of the parish. This measure is conceived in the truest spirit of church reform ; for it will lighten rather than increase the Mathew of the city; it will widen and extend the foundations on which the church is there founded, without in any manner trespassing or infringing on the rights or feelings of dissenters; it will raise and im prove the character, the usefulness, and the position tithe working clergy • it will remove and obliterate MO of the most scan dalous of ecclesiastical abuses r--eht.,, slothful and irresponsible dignitaries in sosslpe of large incomes without corresponding duties ; and, in doing this it will, it is to be hoped, give such an impetus to the causes of religion and education in that city, both in connexion with dissent u well as with the church, as cannot fail, if once pie in motion, to have the most beneficial effect on its inhabitants. This step of church reform, it will be remarked, is taken by the laity of Manche ster. They have waited ha vain for the ministers of the crown, for the bishop el the diocese, for the dean and chapter of the city, Orr the ecclesiastical commissioners to move in the matter. The churchwardens have therefore taken the question into their own hank, and have resolved to right themselves. The consequence it, that their measure is one of simplicity end justice ; it is based on no compromise of rights; it will give validity to no jobs; it is meant to put Manchester, ecclesiasti cally, in the position in which it ought to stand ; and in which it would have now stood but for the corrup tion of the church therein. The parish of Manchester contains upwards of 34,000 acres, divided into 30 townships; and it is in habited by 400,000 people. Tne piety of our ancestors had properly and sufficiently endowed this great parish wi' 1,200 acres of land, and with all the great tithes therein; and this wciltb, amounting, eves under present tad management, to 6,0001. a year, exclu sive of surplice fees, the church still enjoys. Yet, notwithstaudina this handsome income, the clergy in its receipt refuse to perform any parochial duties in the parish; and have thrown the cure of its souls on the force and spirit of the Voluntary Principle. Not, happily, in vain. For whether called into action by churchmen or dissenters, Voluntaryism has achieved wonders in Manchester. There ere in Manchester, exclusive of the cathedral church, 51 district and other churches and chapels; and of them the erection at 49 is to be attributed to the voluntary principle. Twee churches and chapels are served by 87 clergy men, all of whom are more or leas supported by the exercise of that principle; and if to them be added the 10 clergymen connected with the cathedral church, and the 0 chaplains of the public inrotitutions of the city, the whole number of its clergy is about 103. The same principle has in dissenting hands done even more for Manchester; for it has raised no fewer than 150 chapels, capable of containing on an average about 700 people each, or 105,000 in the aggregate. The incomes both cf the church and dis senting ministers vary ; those of some reaching 7001. a year, others falling to even less than 1001. a year. Endowment has, then, given to the church of Eng land in Manchester not less than 6,0001. a year from land and tithes; for which the clergy receiving this income decline to perfcrm any parochial duties. Whilst Voluntaryism in Manchester has erected fifty churches and maintains nearly 100 clergymen, nod has raised 150 dissenting places of worship. In other words, Voluntaryism has supplied to Manchester that religion which Endowment has defrauded it of. With tidastriking contrast beforehim, let Doman speak slight inely of Voluntaryism. If it cannot perform impossi bilities, it can at least shame supineness and treachery. The collegiate, now the catuedral and parish church of Manchester, was, prior to 1421, an ancient rectory, having cure of souls, and, as we have seen, amply endowed. It appears, however, even at that early date to have formed a Large and unwieldy parish ; and for the purpose of more efficiently providing for the cure of souls, the rectory was in the fifteenth century converted from a corporation sole into a corporation aggregate; whereby a greater num ber of ministers were tobe provided for the parish ioners. This was the origin of the Collegiate Church of Manchester : the parish was in the fifteenth cen tury too large to be served by one rector; and thee Col legiate Church was erected V-erein,that it might be efff shindy served by a body of clergy. This plan, though ' a favourite means of church extension with our an cestors, seems rarely to have been successful in its object; and, in spite of reformatory charter after char ter, it appears to have failed as signally in Manchester as in airy cathedral city. At all event., in our time we had, at the time of the enact ment of the Church Temporalities Act, the Warden and Fellows of the Collegiate Church of Man chester in receipt of all the rectorial revenues of the pariah without performing any parochial duties. By that statute it was enacted that the warden and fel lows should be made a dean and canons; that the cathedral church should consist of a dean with 2,0001. a year and of four canons with 1,000/. a year; and that the surplus revenues should be paid to the Eccle siastical Commissioners.ll tit the act did not impose any cure of souls on the " dignitaries" it thus left still largely endowed. From the parish it proposed to take part of the ecclesiastical wealta for which there was ample employment therein ; and, under the guise of a reform, it actually aggravatd, by silently sanctioning, an old abuse. In 1847 the see of Manchester was created at w expellee of about 5,0001. a year to the church. Thus, then, Manchester has a bishop with 5,0001. a year ; a dean and chapter with 6,0001. a year ; and 100 pa rochial clergy supported by Voluntaryism. Here was church reform beginning at the wrong end with a vengeance! Here werec hurch "dignitaries" amply provided for, and the working clergy dependent on public bounty ! Here was—nay, here is, DIVES in the palace and LAZARUS in the parish! Happily, however, for society, such enormities are intolerable in Manchester; and the appointment of its bishop brought the case to a climax. Since the appointment the church reformers of that city have been gradually organising their forces, bringing together the materials of their case, conciliating their opponents, and arousing their friends ; until at last they are now prepared to act, and to insist, with victory in their hands, on the abatement of this ecclesiastical nuisance. What they demand is the application of all the property of the church in the parish to strictly parochial purposes; with that object they will ask the legislature to vest the property in the hands of trustees, to divide the parish into as many parishes for ecclesiastical purposes as there are ecclesiastical districts, to make the dean rector of the mother church, with a suitable income, giving him for his curates the minor canons, to make the canons rectors of as many of the parishes, and to appropriate the rest of the use amongst the incumbents of the new parishes pro rata. Under the management of lay trustees, and under a system of rack rents, there cmnot be a doubt that the value of the church pro- perty in Manchester is susceptible of being very largely increased; and those who have examined the facts of the case closely are not without hopes that it will afford very competent stipends to the working clergy of the city. At all events, their plan will get rid of lazy dignitaries, and will rely fur any deficiency not on taxation or church rates, but on the sympathies and good feeling of the public. It is a great and worthy effort to apply honestly and faithfully the property of the church in Manchester, and as such it merits and will receive the support of church re farmers everywhere. EVER since the celebrated fa-bunting squabble in Dorset*hire, Mr. OSANTLEY BERKELEY lace been a great man amongst the little men of that county. The other day he was imported by the squirearchy of THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 5, 1850. the empty to attend one of their protectionist meet legs; and, being expected to make a speech thereat, Mr. GIANTLET BERKELEY treated his audience, other things, to a little account of himself— aametbreet upon which he is well known to, be singu larl eloquent. Ir. OrtarrrLav BIRXILEY endeavoured, upon this oionsioe, to show that. all his misfortunes were the natural results of a system of free trade. We can hardly conceive a joke more suited for a Blandford audience. Whether the declaration would be accepted in London is another question : here, we apprehend, there are a Variety of gentry of the trite of LEVI, whom such a tale would seemly satisfy. " I am," said Mr. GILANTLKY BERKELEY, a the pos sessor of six estates in the West Indies, which, thanks to free trade, do not bring me in a farthing of in come." This declaration, we are told, was loudly cheered. "Poor Mr. BERKELEY,* exclaimed one farmer. " There's an instance for you of the working of your system," bawled out a squire. " Hoor-roar ! hoor-roar I" shouted every . one, little considering whether they were cheering what they all " the sentiment," or Mr. BERKELEY himself, or the fact that he possessed six estates they knew nothing of, or the declaration that all the said estates were un productive. It little signified, however, what they cheered, the" boor-roar " was general. Now, Mr. ORANTLEY BERKELEY will, perhaps, reply to us when we pat a question : Is it not a fact that these estates of his in Derbies were abandoned, not in conse quence of free trade, but whilst they were under asse ts= of protection P Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY will, per haps, fix his dates. If he will, his next audience, we believe, will learn that his " six ectatos in the West Indies," were abandoned before there was any reduc tion whatever of differential duties. Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY'S estates in Berbice were some years ago among the most productive in that colony. Two of these estates are in the most favourable situation that can well be conceived for the production of sugar. They are not more than three miles from the town of New Amsterdam. They are close to the river Berbice, and they adjoin estates which at the present moment are highly productive. Why are not Mr. °BARTLEY BERKELEY'S estates equally productive P Has he tried to make them so? Has he gone out to Berbice and settled down on his estate there, and em ployed his capital in endeavouring to make his property productive P Not a bit of it. Making anger has trot been exactly Mr. GRANTLEY BERKE LEY'S element. Nor, that we know of, has he been employed in making anything else one half so awful. It is almost unnecessary to say after this that Mr. °BARTLEY BERKELEY'S Wret India properties are in raMs. There are so manufactories span them—no dwelling-houses—no labourers to cultivate the land. A small portion of one of these estates has ben sold at very high prices to the negroes, who have erected houses and cultivated provision grounds, but the rest of the property . is lying barren. The same with the estates on the laver Berbice. The labourers who were engaged on them, and who would willingly cm tinue their services, have been driven to seek labour upon other properties. These estates are waste in every sense of the word. And so, under present cir cumstances, they are likely to continue. Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY'S protectionist friend, Mr. FARQUHARSON, is receiving an income of some thirty or forty thousand a)eer from hie landed estates in Dorsetsilire. Suppose Mr. FARQUHARSON were to discharge his tenants and servants, sell his cattle, lock up his farmhouses, and let his property go out of cul tivation, what right would he have to accuse the government or parliament of having occasioned or accelerated his ruin ? Yet this is just what Me. GRANTLEY BERKELEY is doing. And he thinks that in talking as he did at Blandfori, he is bully ad vancing the cause which occurrences have driven him to support, instead of effordine, as all such orators do afford, opportunities for expo.-ing the hollowness and the absurdity of what are culled, by courtesy, the " arguments" of the protection ate. Before Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY talks about his West India estates again, let him go out and see them. Let him take with him an adequate capital to invest in needful and well-considered improvements. Let him reside some little time on his estates, and make some effort to bring them into cultivation. If he does this nod fails, he may be entitled to complain of free trade. But under present circumstances, if he has to complain of anything except his own carelessness, it is certainly of the so-called systsm of prreection. When Mr. BERKELEY next speaks of his West India estates, he may also tell us, it he so please, what pro portion he obtained of the "twenty millions " paid as compensation on the emancipation of the negroes, and whether he employed any, and what part of it, in qualifying his former slaves for freedom, and in ren dering his estates productive ? These would be facts worth knowing, and we should think a candid state meat respecting them of far more public moment thau • declaration that free trade had ruined an estate four thousand miles away, and which its owner probably in all his life never set his eyes on. FRANCE. PARTS, FRIDAY, 5.30..r.x The Legislative Assembly dimided iCsterday to annul their vote of the previous day on the question of urgency, and to proceed to a new one. This course was decide d on by a majority of 123, the nu there b.ing 371 to 218. A new division on the question of urgency then took place, when an affirmative de cision was oome to by a majority of 29, the numbers being 329 to 300. This result leaves the ra%tter as it had been already resolved by the rectified numbers of the vote the day before. The majority of yesterday, small as it was, eou!d only La gat together by great difficulty, all absent members having been called in to vote. The Con stituttonnel sap that it is astonished at finding so few members repentant of what they had done. That is a very small majority, after the disgraceful and afflicting spectrcle of which we were witnerees. We should have b eli eved that there would have been as many repenteat members in the moderate party yesterday as there were re set:4l's on the previous day. The majority bad before i:s eyes the BA example of the disorder and odious anarchy to which the national representation was subjected when a division took plea in Ste ranks. All the voices, all the in terruptions of thy Montagnerds rung in their ears the enor mous fault which they had committed in voting with them. They saw what a terrible pledge they Lad nearly given to socialism, by the desperate efforts made by the Montag. nay& to retain that pledge whir& the recutied ballot tor* from them. To-day the La Plata question was again brought forward. The ardour of M. Thiers, who is to speak to-day, did not abate, and his movc manta were remarked. The Orleaniats and con servative*, with M. Piscatory at their head, seem disinclined to follow the lead. M. Daru read his supplementary rep3rt on the amendment of M. de Rance. lie sad that the committee had not thought proper to indicate a solution of the matter, and lid left it in the hands of government ; but that the ref r• ones of M. de Rance's amendment had imposed a pa ramount duty on the committee. The body of which Ls came for ward u the organ, persisted in thinking that Lepredour's treaty was unacceptable, and that new negotiations would be vain, unless they were backed by a sufficient force. It had been said that the course proposed involved war, but war was at the end of every system. If war broke out, it could not be denied that France had done all she could to avoid it. An armed negotiation would have the advantage of throwing the responsibility of a struggle upon the Argentine republic. With respect to the means to be employed to attain either of the objects in view, the committee thought they must hs proposed by the government alone, and that the Assembly should vote the funds when they are required. The com mittee, for these reasons, proposes to substitute for M. de Rance's amendment the following resolution : "The Assembly invites the executive power to support the neguciatiuns of La Plata by a sufficient force to en sure its success, and to protect the French interests in the country." M. de Rance was left at the tribune defending his amendment. The metallic reserve in the Bank of Prance con tinues to increase, though not to the same extent as for some weeks back, the present augmentation being about 11 millions, the amount being 21 millions greater in Paris and 1 million leas in the provinces. The discount accommodation shows en increase of nearly 3i millions in Paris, and about the same aug mentation in toe branch banks, the amount of the farmer being 45,896,021 francs, and of the latter 76,840,681 francs. The p.otested bills have slightly decreased both in Paris and the de partments, the amount of the former being now 2,226,4:18fr., and of the latter 1,687,270 fr, On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation have in creased about 10 millions in Paris and 31 millions in the departments. The account current of the treasury' has declined about 31 minions, the present amount being 72,007 fr. Private accounts current in Paris have fallen off about 31 millions, and in the depart ments have increased about 21 millions, the amount of the former being 78,343,806 fr., and of the latter 29,657,313 fr. The whole amount of the metallic re serve at present is 4321 millions to 4611 millions of notes in circulation. Yesterday forenoon the Turkish ambassador had a long conference with General La Ilitte, at tho Hutch of Foreign Affairs. The English ambassador also had a conference with the minister. The Moniteur contains the followingdecree, creating the ex-king of Westphalia a marshal of France : The President of the Republic,—Considering the law of Avg. 4, 1839: Considering that by the e ff ect of the law of Oct. 11. 1848, the Genera l of Division, Jerome Bonaparte, was restored to the plenitude of his rights as a Frenchmen, end as &general °Meer belonging to the active service list : Considering that during the campaigns of 1807, 1809, and 1812, that general exercised, in virus of imperial decrees, the eomurind•in chief, before the enemy, of Corp dismal• composed of several divisions of different arms: That in 1813, and later in 1816, on the field of blahs of Waterloo, 1 he was again at the head of a division of the army, and was one of the last to return his sword to its scabbard, when tat. enemy invaded France : 0 , the report of the minister of war, come to in a council of ministers; decreo a:— " Arr. 1. The General of Bosnian, Jerome Bonaparte, is raised to the dignity of Marshal of France. ee Art. 2. The minister of war is charged with the execu tim of the pre lent decry a. e' Done at the Elyse* National, the let Jan., 1850. The President of the Republic, "LOUIS NAPOLZON LIONAPAKTIL Countersigned. D'll* — uir - o — erf., - fdinistor of War." Upwards of 20,000 old soldiers of the empire have already sent in their claims to penaions, incompliance with the invitation to that effect in the recent circu lar of the minister of the interior to the prefects. It is suppoecd that at least as many more applications will be made, is which cue one of two thing.; «pielly objectionable met result. Either there will be a large addition to the budget of expen- Lure, which, in the present state of financev, will give public dissatisfac tion, or many thousands of old 'Metiers after having had their expectations rais.d, will be filmed to die appointment. ThP Press. hes the following on a statenEnt by the &dub" of Florence, that M. Cernucchi, one of the Itomal republeane, had been t.lsen from Civita Vecchia by the French to delis .r him up to the Papal government. The Pr' fie does not believe the Skarifo. P. might havu aided how the Stated° would contrive to bring a French vessel to Koine from Civita Vecchia : Althouoh we have read these !inis, borrowed from the Stal , to; —" Lmi at ,ewe.—M. C. romchi has been trans ferred from Cora& Vecchia to Wane Ai hoard • French vessel, and delivered up to t.e Pontifical tribunals," we do nut hesitate to say that it at r.ot true, that tt cannot be. A French v.ssel could not go to Civ.ts Vecchia to fetch M. Cernecchi in filer to deriver him up to the Poct.fical tribunals. Once more we repeat, Fr ince could nut have Riven up • patical exile, M. CerrlUC,lii, to the l'Aititied tribunal.. M. de 1\ ewkerko, the new dir. ctnr of the must um-, fought a duel yesterday with M. Bullion, the editor of the Liberti, in sh ( h toe latter was wounded. 110IIRSF. PARIS. Jas. 4. Far II I , nr Astosst. Money. Assisi , itigneet. Lowest. clueing --- —'— - 3 per Cents. ....... 55 GS I b 7 0 0 0 16 73 SG 60 3 per Oasts- ~.... 92 53 1 93 60 92 90 92 60 92 GS 3 do. New Lata „ • • • • ii per Cents— „ • • • • 1 pee Wits • d • .9 . . - . ....-.. -- . .. 1,4...!...n0t as Luc , 30.4 A... 13 43. w. 4..y5, 15 324 Sel4 - ...63, 3, 1.410 !N i; I alon.y.: Nap.* ltr.res... SG SO Money Ds. 3, 13411 031 ~wa..s tkas D. 4i " 00 ..Sank Marls ... YM3 30 Bouna.—Paris sad Ot loons 800 ; Paris and Rouen. 372 ; ROW n ant! Hawn.. 242 30; :114,4a.urn ea I (Hall, 113 Orleans and Bor deaux, 401 73; Pfeil, (nil 51M1...v. 3:4 40; Tern, and Sant,., 271 2:.; St. Germain, 4 ; noodles (min bank), 243 7.:. ; do. (loft bank) ; 166 23; Boul sr.e and Ain.. UP, lin 5 MADRID. Arc. 28.—Three per Cebu., 3 I-18 pAr. , r. Four per Cents., 121 paper. Five per Ceuta., .3 ueeouo:. °upon, 8 paper. of at. Ferdinand, MI paper. Kiebara.e on London, 5U.43. ITALY. Letters received from our correspondent at Naples, under date of the 24th ult., state the Pope's d. p tr tare, announced for the middle of January, is again postponed. It is said CAL: thu lung will grant an amnesty on the 14:h inst. Our Naples correspondent writes as follows: NAPLES, Dr(' 24. An important ecclesiastical meeting has taken place in Napes, convened by the bishops, for a very dif ferent purpose than that vrbic`i was stated. Th alarm felt by an evident clisposaion of the people to turn from a church whose Christianity is eo obvicuslv subservient to the politics of petty princes, has ind-c the heads of the jesuitical papacy of this kingdom to take into consideration the best means to combat the "growing evil." It is extremely difficult to gather correct information of what takts place at each meetings as these ; I therefore give the statements with some reserve, at the same time I should observe public decrees are daily confirming the pol cy which I am assured influences the Homan church through out Italy. It app: trs the conclave, efter a long ow- CUSEtiOD, agreed to address the government of Naples a reties of demands: A more strict revision of book- in the Custom-house, particularly those belocgiog to foreiguers ; great care was to ba observed that the English Bible Society should not introduce th-Ar works, and that spies should be employed to watch if Englishmen were occupied in distributing the Scriptures; the working' of religious societies in England were to be reported; priests whore sen timents are supposed to be hostile to the existing state of things must be carefully watched. Such, I am assured, were the resolutions of this ecclesiastical committee; and that the Neapolitan government will co-operate with it, there can be little doubt. The feeling of dissent, not front the &urch, perhaps, but from its political slime, is far more extensive Ihruugheut Italy than is generally supposed, and 1 am convinced a reform is near at band. Within the last few days the government has com menced in earnest with the editors of La Stampa, a journal which fought hard for the constitution, until it was illegally and by force suppressed. M. Tessier, a French gentleman, whn was responsible editor of that journal for some time, has been at rested and taken off to prison with irons round his wrists. Signor Aleli- Burg°, another editor, world have suffered the same indignity, had he not escaped on board a French steamer. Added to these facts, M. Borel, the printer of the paper, was actually imprisoned, because the latter gentleman addressed him a note from the French steamer, and which note, by means of a spy, fell into the hands of the police! M. Ravneval, the representative of France at the court of Naples, has endeavoured to release hie countrymen, at least until it is proved that they have offended the law. The following is from the letter of our Roman cor respondent: Amongst many changes for the worse it is satis factory to observe one for the better, which partly tends to eradicate the remnants of feudal dominion still ex. istingin several diaries of the patrimony of St. Peter. Prince Rospigliosi has formally renounced his feudal rights over the towns of Guiliano() and Culonna in favour of the holy see, whose representatives will take possession of the halls of justice, prisons, and other public buildings b:longing to the ex-feadal sovereign, in the name of the reigning pontiff on the 27th and 28th of this month. The feudal rights exercised over Vitorchiano, Cori, and some other places by the senator of Rums is the name of the people, a kind of sovereignty dating from many cen turies ago, were assumed by Pio Nino at the period of his creating the Roman municipality, so that only Bracciano and a few less importaut feuds remain in the hands of the nobility. GREECE. Rumours have for some time °hided of a minis terial oriels in Greece. The Courrier d'Athenes pub lishes the list of a prepared new ministry : M. Chris tidi, Foreign Affair.; M. Cortlotaki, Finance ; M. Christacopouloos, Public Worship; General G trdi Rtotti, or General Staikos, War; M. liadgirke, In terior; and M. Zarkos, Justice. It is quite true, says the Cburrier d'Athenes, that M. Krestenitis (In terior) has handed in his resignation, but as far u the other statements are concerned it throws great doubts on them. TUE DEAN AND CHAPTER OP DURHAM hive given loot. to the fund tot the relief of the widows and (slams of the South Shields pilot,. The 614111 already taboaribgal amount, to about 3,0001. 'be court. WINDSOR, JAN. 4. The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early morning walk. The Roy.l Family took walking and pony eureka in the grenade adjacent to the Castle. Nis Royal Hightails Prince Albert went out shooting this morning, socomAnied by the Duke de Nemours, and at- tended by Colonel Hon. C. B. nape, and Colonel F. H. Seymour. The royal dinner party, this evening, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the Duke and Duchess de Nemouts, the Lady Fanny Howard, Baronies de Speth, and Colonel lion. Charles and Mrs. Grey. DespaMho; from the Governor of Gibraltar were received yesterday e the Colonial-odles. Tim Ductless OF KENT has liberally contributed 1001. towards Mr. Sidney Herbert's fund for promoting female emigration. (Prom Wt night's Gazette.) FOREIGN -OFFICE, JAN. 4.—The Queen has been pleased to appoint John Barton, Bat., now British Vice- Consul at Callan, to loe her Majesty's Consul at that port. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OP WOHCFATEUSHISI —Frederick Winn Knight, Gent., to he Lieutenant ; Consist Stone to be Lieutenant; George Prairie Dowdeswsll, Gent., to he Lieutenant, in the Queen's Own Worcestershire R•giment of Yeomanry Cavalry. COMMISSIONS SIGNED lIT TUE LORD LIEUTENANT OP MUNTOOYIRT6III/111.—Cornet Juhn lamer u be Lieu tenant; Pryce Davis*, Gent., to he lr.terinary Burgeon, in the Montgontsryskue Yeomanry Cavalry. FINE ARTS. THE NEW COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS. [From laxtelgtit's Gazette.] WRITEUALL, JA' .3.—The Queen has born pleased to issue the following Cqinmission for the Premed in of the Exntbrion of the Works of Industry of ell Nations, to be Leiden In the Tear 18.51, videlicet: VICTORIA H.—Victoria, by the grace of God, of the Uuited Kingelsm of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen De- ' L nder of the Faith ;to our most dearly beloved Co. sort, his 1 , Royal Highness Fra..ces Albert Augustus Charles, Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince of Six- Coburg and Gotha, Kuigbt of our most noble (kilt rut the Garter, and Field-marshal is our army—our right trusty- and right entiri Is-beloved cousin and councillor Walter Francis Duke of Bucedeuell and , Quer. nsb.rry, Knight of our most noble Greer of the Gofer; our tight trusty and right well-beloved media Wm. Earl at Rossi, Kuight of our most illustrious order of St Petrick ; our right Truett and rght well-beloved conchs and councillors Granedle George Earl Granville, and ' , remit Earl of Ellesmere; our right trusty and well beloved councilor E lward Geoffrey Lord Stanley; cur , right trusty and well-beloved councillors John Russel (corn. manly called L ri John Iffiest 1), Sir Robert Peel, Bart., Henry Labouehere, and William E sweet G:ads:ons_t our ore ty and well-beloved Sir Archibald GeLowly, Knight Cemmauder of our most Hon. Diderot the firth, and Major- Geueral in our Army in the East Indies, Chairman of the , Court of Directors of the East India Company, or the Chair man of the Court of Directors of the East India Company f•r the time being ; Sir Richard Westmacott, Knight ; Sir Caprice Lyell, Keioht, President of the Geol. gical Society of London, or the President of the Geological Society of Lon- Lon for the time lading; Thomas Baring, Eq., Charles ti trey, Themes B.cley, E q., Itichard Coodew, Esq., William Cubitt, Esq., President art the Itotitudoe of Coil Eucineers, or the President of the Institution of Civil Engi neers for the time being; Charles Lock Eastlake, [homes Field Gibson Eau, John Grit, Esq , Jones Llyd, Esq., Ph Piney, Esq., and Thompson, /deg , greeting. Whereas the Society kr the Promotion of Arts, Menu factor. a, and Commerce, iucorpersted by our royal charter, ut which our most dearly beloved Consort, the Prince Albert, is president, have of late years instituted enamel esbibitions of the works of British art and industry, and bare proposed to out e& an enlarged Exuthitien of the w cis of Induatry of as 11.tliODS, to b- holden in Lon Con in tee year one thousst.d eight hundred and fifty-one, at which prises sad medals, to the vela, *I at least twenty thousand pounds steriing shall be awarded to the • h 'biters of the most meritorious works then brought forward; and have invested in the names of our right trusty and entirely beloved ciusin S•sencier Joshua A wpm Marqu•se of Northaruptnn; our right tru-ty and right wail-beloved cousin and c .uncillor George Wiliam Frederick Earl of Clarention,kniabt et our most nehle Order of the Garter; our trusty and well-behaved Sir John Peter Boileau, Bart.; and James Courthope Peach', EA., the sum of twenty thousand pound., to be awarded in prime aid medals as aforesaid ; and Dave aepninted our trusty and well oved Arthur Kett Barclay, E.q. ; William Cotton, Req.; Sir John William Lubbock. ; Samuel Morton, ?eta, Esq ; and Baron Lionel de Rotbeistdid, to be treasurers for remipts arising from domatione, subscriptions, or any other source, on b hilt of, or towards the said exhibition ; our trusty arid %sal beloved Peter lo Neve Porter, Joseph P one, and Thomas Winkworth, &cps., to be the velour. rs tor payment of all executive ex,renas I ; and cur trusty and e.I belayed Henry Cole, Cantles Wentworth Dilke, the lounger, George Drew, Francis Fuller, and Robert Super'. son Beer., with our trusty end w:II-beloyel Matthew Rigby Wyatt, Esquire, as their secretary, to be an executive committee for carrying the said exhibinea into effect, under the directions of our meat dearly beloved consort. And wb the said Society for the Promo don of Arts, Manufactures and Comm' Tee have repre• s , lsted unto us that, in carrying out the ohjt eta proposed by the said exhibition, many questions may arise regarding the introduction of productions into our kingdom from our colonies and from foreign countries ; also regarding the site ' for the said exhibition ; and the best mode of conducting the acid cahiLition ; 'thesis regarding the determination of the nature of the 'Wave and the means of te curing the most impartial d:strilstrion of them; and have also besought us that we would be gloriously pleased to give our reaction to ' this undertaking, to order that it may have the confidence, ' not only of all classes of our subjects, but of the subjects of foreign countries. . . Now know ye that we, considering the premises, and earderly desiring to promote the proposed exhibition, which is calculated to be of great benefit to arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and reposing great trust and cinnamice in your fidelity, discretion, and integrity, have autbirised ana appointed, rind by them, presents do authorise and appoint, you, cur moat dearly beloved Casson Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince ot Sime•Coburg and Gttla a, you, Walter Francis Doke of Baecleuch and gaeensberry, William Earl of Riese, Granville George Esti Granville, Francis Earl of Ellesmere, Edward Geoffrey Lord Stanley, John Russell (commonly called L rd John Russell), Sit Itob..rt Pea, !Tony Labouchere, William Ewer: Gladstone, Sir Archibald Galloway, or the Chairmain of the Court of ctors of the East India Company far the time being, Sir Richard Westenacett, Sir Charles Lyell, nr the President ot the Geological Society fur the time being, Thomas Baring, Charles Barry, TLIOMSS Ilizley, Richard Cobden, William Cubitt, or the president of toe iiwitution of Civil En gineers f. r the time beirg, Charles Lock Eastlake, Themes Field Gibson, John Gott, Simuel Jon.' Loyd, Philip Purvey, and William Thompson, to make full and diligent inquiry Tutu the best mode by which the prtductions ot our colonies and of foreign countries may be introduced into our ki::g dom as respects this most suitable site f o r the exhibition, the general conduct of the said exhibition, and also into the best mode of determining the natures of the rria:s, and of securing the most impartial distribution of them. And, to the end that our royal will and pleasure in the said inquiry may be duly prosecuted, and wash expedition, we fur her, by these presents, wilt and cemtnaud, and do hereby give full po err and authority to you, or any three or mare ot you, to nominate and appoint such several persons et ability u you may think lit to be local commissioners, in such parts of our kingdom, and in foreign parts, as you may tniuk fit, to aid you in the premises; which said local commis .. miisioners . , or any of 'them, shill and may be rem.V.dhy you, or any three or more you, from time to time, at your will and pleasure, lull power and authority being henry given to you, or any three or more of you, to appoint others in their places respeetivtly : And furthermore, we do, by these presents, give and grant to you, or any three or more of you, full power and autho rity to cell before you, or any tbrce or more of you, all such persons as you shall judge preachify by whom you may be the better informed of the truth of the premises, and to in quire of the premiss., and every part thereof, by all lawful ways and means whatsoever. And our further will and rleuure is that, for the purpose of ailing you in the execution of these premises, we hereby appoint our trusty and well-beloved John Scott Russell and Stafford Henry Nertheote, Eagle., to be joint secretaries to this our COMMiltaull. And for csrrying into effect what you shall direct to be done in respect of the s aid exhibition, we herr by appoint the said Merry Cole, Charles Wentworth Di.ko, jun., George Drew, Francis Fuller, and Robert Stephenson, to be the executive committee in the premises, and the said Matthew Rigby Wyatt to be secretary of the said executive committee Am' our further will and pleasure is that poor any three or more of you, when and 114 often as need or occasion 'lull require, so Ain; as this our commission shall continue in force, do urn to us, in writing, under your hands and seals respectively, all and every of the I procettlings of yourselves had by virtue of these presents, together with such other matter., it any, as may . be deserving of our royal consideration touching or concerning the premises. And, lastly, we do by these presents ordain that this our commission shall continue in full force and virtue, and that you, our said tromnsissionen, or any three or more of you, shall and may, from time to time, and at any place or places prices.] in the execution thereof, aad of every matter and thing therein contained, although thc same be not continued from time to time by adjournment. Given at Our Court at 8.. Julio's, the third day of January, 1850, in the thirteenth year at Oar reign. By her Majesty's casamaavt, G. OBEY. Finn I t LAMBETH-WALK.—Yestorday morning a aft' hat puled at No. 60, Lambeth. walk belJnging to Mr. F. Case, a hat-maker , making the third time that the same property has been on Jiro within a few years. The firemen succeeded in eventually getting the flame under, but not until the whclo of the stock in trade was devalued, and the low. r portion t t the premiva burned out, and the upp r portion, with the furniture, , nest rely d imaged by host, &o. The cause of the fire could not be aeoertaMtd. MR. BRIGHT ON IRISH POLICY, GREAT MEETING AT MANCHESTER. MANCHESTER, JAIL 4. We had a large and crowded meeting -t th e c olt Exchange. last evening, of the Irish residents of Rene wer who assembled for the purpose of voting and pr sen:ing st ; address to the honourable member for Manchester o. e . by recent speech on the conditi n r t their country at the F ree Trade Hall. They had previously invited Mr. Brikht t o b e preeent, and the honourable gentleman, though rei..c.ant t e understood to have yielded at length from the corAilerear that the 70,000 or 80,000 people from the eater Mani L Mar cheater, being a very large portion of bi 3 con'titne re , bad a strong claim upon him. The chair w as t a k en Ay We'. B. T. BYAIIIMILW, and among the gentlemen prior nt 'p re the Rev. Daniel Hearne Dr. Murphy, D r . E ager, sod M'Conorie of the Belfa st Vindicator, Mr. %bon, and sh: Prentice. The CHAIRMAN having °posed the prowedir de b, detailing, in an effrerive speech, the wrongs o f Ireland. ' The Rev. DANIEL HEARNE moved an addriss t o Mr. Bright, appealing to him in the most flattering Urals fw a " Description of Ireland " Dr. MURPHY seconded the addree, and it wee support e d by Mr. M'CONORIE, and carried by acclamation. A deputation was sent to request Mr. Bright tt e . t • ed. and on that gentleman's appearance he was r. e. i v..tn•t e moot enthusiastic cheering. The address hailing beta :tad and formally presented by the chairman, Mr. BItIGLIT, M.P., came forward to address the ro w . ing, and was remised with renewed and leng-conti,J .1 preuions of approbation. After a brief introclu—..,- said :—To tell the li.eral f ict with regar 1 to Ir.. land, the soil of that country has been, fur two three couturies pate, in the pouession or the en. The present possessors of land are the sumesscu, 6i eh, who w.re the possessors of it through c•.nqueet end thr•. ; , l h contheation—(loud cheers); and the laws of this e,•unu; —ot the imperial legislature—and of yourlegisictar e , when it was u ,der the power or the corruption n soon_ the laws which have prevailed in Ireland from that urre this have made it impets.ble for the Irish people to hi c ,te. 11C,VIVIBOTI of the soil of their own country. In foie, in the possession of those who have nth sa riiy I,• • , regarded, if I may quote the very notorious egpressa•ci , very notorious individual—as ellen* in blood, in langueo and in religion. (Cheers.) Now, we will not go ha ", these bygone days 200 or 300 years ago, aid preteid that . acts of those days can be reversed; but f do assert that would have been possible ter the legislature to have such precautions with regard to property in Ireland, me. there woulo have been a complete amalgation of it.. .., nations long be:ore this ; and it you could not have mesa • Irishmen a common faith, which is by no means .r you might long ago have given them a common the redemption of their common country. (Loud C , .E• We find the people of Ireland in a cenuition at . 5 idleness ; because the great raw material of ti.. i t try is placed without their reach. Discontent, of e the consequence of this ; a constant s•• a of co in many districts of the country ; ferniue f,: • three yens in success:on ; and ruin hoe over:01. deeds of thousand., ay, millions of the ,e.pu., ruin so intense acid .ate: dud, that it is arson ei,) ing upwards, and eetng even into ranks at sot; heretofore never dreamed that they could co.. tact with poverty and suffering. t 33 alp, I lo the time when George 111. caine to the throne—. years since—it was a common expression, when sp.. the catholics of Ireland, to term them the census,,. It is to be found in numberlees official dov.inett• the histories ci the period; and the spirit up ,n a). term is framed—is the spirit upon which Ire awl governed, more or less, until within a very the time lam now speek'ng. I will irk your at• n: for a short time, to that which I stated t nu, to be the great, in my opinion, the chief obasecle to provement in the social corthition of Irelend ; a •. the monopoly of land. This is a paint upon persons in this country feel very tenderly. I nod. • territorial proprietors and aristocracy in this cos.. they are afraid that it principles of freedom with r the land were applied in Ireland they m alit cpr.a . long events this island ; aid I beiieve it woo:: • e maul gain to the people of Great Britain, a: d 0 the proprietors of land themselves, if true e c sou.. ciples were applied to land precisely the some i• other description of property in the C4.1135'.. • Now, in Ireland, as many Irishmen here must be the land is parcelled out 'into great proprietor , . ;, might have a map drawn of Ireland abolish,:.. tractions of counties, bermies, parishes, and e : : have it drawn merely distinguishing the este is . would had that those estates spread over large as parishes ordinarily are in this cousin—: them as large as rrany parishes. The propriet•.:. whole cc untry are few, the people who w.. 1, land to cull are very many. The land, under this system of monop .17, resul•s in • •.• : a much less area of laud availaole for the wants ..t • . Now, the facts or figures I glue I take prin.., the report of the Laud Commission, pleat ied rs - Devon, as the most recent authority, and r • most to be relied upon. They anus tout .tr. to . groat medic valuator, and the beat authority on this moment, s eve that 3,735,000 acres of tan: neglected, wtateli are ca, able of a high liar .• . merit; and they state that these aerie, near y lions, only yield upon an average a gross red:— per acre, while they arc capable of being era profitably pr.ducs to the amount of Si. per be; • would ho an increase on the whole of from twenty-two and a half miiliuns sterling per arr. .0 the report states that this result can be übLeir.• without any permanent loss, but with a vir. manent guts. Now, the whole enrage of over 10 12111lidni and here you have acs-ritth of ti lying wane that could be pr, firably improved. I of mew a very large amount of waste I rot se:. decided wouli not pay for drainage, But:so:lin?, or bat then beyond this t'•e report states ttia: millions of acres of land in Ireland now coin , . millions are so badly cultivated, and in so bad • that it would pay toe:pond Si. per acre in drainile .; soiling. Now, 81. per men on sO millions el acre., • the enormous sum of 80 millions of pounds steritno. • large we can scarcely form an accurate i .ea it :•. within the last 30 years, it is said Great brizoto .r.: Unbent abroad in loans to foreign gove rum.. te s • 1 1 like 130 millions sterling, a great portion w' Li. I sent abroad fur some unworthy purposes; and a . r don of which will never come tack again. How 130 millions might, and, in all probability r expended in Ireland on the soil; in is cul•triti : . employing of people in producing Loud ; in tee.. :a peace, and concord, and happiness in that coci,trv, of Ireland had beer. tree, for the free imp:.) co. • capital which the tailed Kingdom could h.v.• vets, (Cheers.) Now, I think 1, cal be tothing ne • t Irishman hers to be told that the competition tar Ireland is excessive; that it is a war to get Lo' i land ; and that the subdivision of land is In that report it states, that in one part of t Donegal—and I don't think that is mi.:. w 7 some other parts—the land has been so infs ::e. families are growing up, and one member to.. plot, another another, until it is brought down t in one particular district, of as much as wag: . "cow's grass;" and this further subdivided t • foot," or the fourth of a '• cow's grass ;" and tr. further subdivided, even to a " sow's toe," or tto "cow's grass." Now, can asyndy conce.ve likely to produce the state of thin g s that no.: es.• land, as that there should be a competition fur . ..I:. I as this—to divide it into the =Allen mere per . in order to rear a few of the commonest q 0 • toes, for the custenation of an almost poup, r :st ••• another result of this state of things, an 1a Fr estate, is to be found la these awful egrsei.c 'elite:. you must so often have heerd. Tad rate:: Devon's commission gives us some very valu....•se tion upon this point ; and I read it Iron the r , I prefer to give you the 'meet words cat a c•anni•• sided over by a no`densan, himself the tornisol i• one of the largest end most maznifieent eon,' I and of the authenticity of its statements 1 tea:, •.• be no doubt, for the* commission sat in to, ry Ireland, in ninety different towns, and ex mot,. 1,103 witnesses. 'They state: '• If a tenant is removed, even after repested from land which be has neglected OT misused.' 'ot.U.• upon as an injured man, and the decree too o . ' kr vengeance upon the landlord cr the agent, an man who succeeds to the farm; and at times a `a'• • rical prop:rtion of the neighbourhood leek with •,. • upon 'he most atrocious acts of violence, and la •• : the criminal, abet and encourage the crime. V. , •• perpetrated at noonday on a public highway ; ar.d * • assassin coolly retiree, the people los k en and horror at the bloody decd. Tne whole nature et men appears, in such cave, to be changed, Ar.:: absorbing feeling as to the possession of land sinks • and extinguishes the plainest principle, of human , ' And in another part they say : •' The great majority of the outrages nvissi , ' , • • tridents appear to have arisen from the ender• peasantry to convert the possession of land ia:o ble title. Well, It is very easy to explain that. If they to.. • vast tracts of country which are wholly unavall.r:e . which they cannot obtain in the f.eo inerket s i.:ler • • buy, it is not to be wondered at that an igm , rau: often an ignorant—and suffering pr•pulattun shoe: •• • it is that •hese vast estates are in the hands of one ,•• that the great bulk of the population art wh,•ne 1.- • partake of the advantages which flow fruit the !• " of the land. It comet naturally from this state o. the proprietors of the land in Ireland being fen.' 'I Int, and very grossly neglect, all the duties o , office, aid of their posiion as proprietors; proved themselves to be a meet improvident class. I am not saying that every proprietor t• ••• character, for there are some brilliant :seers . • , what I ray is true with respect to the ere • the pr , prietun of the soil in Ireland. (near. tosi it this be in, we may natural y s aped that ' tivators, ground down by the tierce competition ta f :' are trampled upon and tro den Minuet in the 11114 : is neither industry sor produchveners sufficient to •• country in c.mfort, or to do anything tOWATtiII Lion and accumulation of wealth. (Bear, hear' • give you one or two cases which came under my wheal was in Ireland. I visited, in the county of " an estate of several thousand acres ; it was the Pr of a nobleman nut long since deceased. I lo.' the beat authority, that that nobleman had re; •• that property 16,01101. a y car rectal, for th st and that, during that period, with the escritwl p