The Express. — London, England, 1861-11-04 00:00:00

i 2 i GUI IDITTII AND 00..8 PURE EXTRACT of CALVES' FEET, /yr laullds mod Ceara Via OW le IC la. lA, sal ft .00 ,1 1 1 . PI all ebilablk g"" ls • ar ' ISADUIPOItt, IFORTLANDAT , Stoat st W PlOOlll) -HAND PIANOFORTES. MAXIS, UAL; mai WOOD bave a large assortmant maandbmad IMmaaaarlas. by um mat sates's.' Imam. st greelly reamed primm--fal. lapat•almset. ROYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT INSTITU TIOX.—TIis Cramittee of tho. Institution centrally APIILILL Se Or rah& fee HELP. to aid them to sort the precut bravl raralehmi tows* wew 10.1....t4 stations, which hare Just Me neapietral. 4to Um hoc lt.n stre.l front min..% wrecks Ay the Wettest. of the Society &lel oitt the pall ft Ilionths. 12oh tti...lih.tte art- noel ~41 byrll tho In Lumina and through -o.lt th. I mgr., It itht.l.ma. atm by the secretary, et the °dice ed the losittattua, 14. Joke-streak Aotelphl. Landon. ghe eriareglS. leveyelimmle biliiiii ley "6;17i6;;" Lawton Evvoia./ Pew, not be al Os slim 14, eas. by Tub Verdi ea tie olag dip/ilium ILITINAIIKET. Tine Mime. lIcI JW. lasia 1L ONO. Dolma. sad W. bona: Ns& C. Taws sad Was Wrinkle. 1.1-ND NZ PICK 111111121101. Na. barbatane Aud THE !Urn= WiT CV MT 11.1/I.—Oseimme. at 7. PSEPOIMMI. Tins Isinnik OTH ELIA 3hs /seiner. arks. Janis% Puss,. Mom sal Minn C. ladervq, a. Losinvag, a anneilky. R. JAYM. TIM MIMI*. TIM 117141 WT. fiIOPAT. Mr. A. Wigan.— Till DENIAL THAL lileton. A. Wigan and ►'. Matthew : Mn. A. Mgr —And DONK ON 10T11 411161.—Mean. O. 't Wag rd MAW/1w MILL NalAhawe.--t;ommence all TIM Emma, TR K LEOPARIXThe Troupe of bop and llos.keys.-14 UMW& Pesteßsaaer.—TßlC DEN IL IS SIX. Mn 4. Lane sad Mr& R. araser.-1711 Math Boy tor TUE MILL—And !Avis, of /tramasks....Commace at half put O. IMIN W_l2 AT EAMON 11110011. TA ai:lmig7iCalia.7._ MAL TO-allaaoll —Kaman& a. aagruoi., 4306 LONDON, MONDAY, NO V. 4. TO 01711 READKREL SPORTING INTILLIGF.NCE. A :Ate edition of the Expresi is publisshod every evening during the reciug season, containing the results of the day's races. I s the interest°, the public it hu become (Imitable that the cotton speculation should be circumscribed as much as possible, or great loss and misery may hereafter I , ccur. It is not as if the dealings in this article were to en ordinary amount. They have been upon a colossal scale. During four weeks in October, when speculation was rampant, the ascertained transactions reached the unprecedented total of 4710,000 bales, or equal to three fourths of the entire stock in Liverpool. We should probably be mock below the mark if we estimated the ontivelent in money at six millions sterling; and the disproportionate part which mere speculators took in the movesaseit Is shown in the fact that of these 450,000 belie void, 230,800 were taken by speculate"; 48,900 by exporters, and 170,600 by "the trade," who are now themselves to no smell extent speculators also. There are few iustanese on record of so extraordinary a movement as this. Sugar, in its most animated time", is a doll ea compered with cotton. There is often wader gsmbl'ng in tallow than in Consols, pe-hap: be came, you may speculate for a year onwards in the former, whilst settlements in the latter are made montt iy. But the market for tallow is a narrow one compared with that for cotton. Whilst the Live c ool Exchange has been wild with excitement, it his been a very sober time on the London Stock Ex change. The only 'peculation, in fact, has been at Liverpool and Manchester. Every specu lator in cotton hopes, of course, to get out et a profit before the turn oases, but when the turn does come, many are sure to be cauzht, and the losses will be terrible. There will be no possi bility of willing, because theme will be no buys's. A foretaste of what may occur has been given by the course of the market during the week just closed. No stimulating news having been received, the excitement has died away, end, two or three of the large speculators having attempted to realise, prices have become nominal. Holders still bold on, in the hope of s renewal of excite ment hereafter, but the state of tens'on in which the market stands is becoming more and more suggir tired anxietyand watchfulness. Although tpectill, tors feel that for the moment they have overleaped themselves, the statistics of the article continue to be of a character eminently unfavourable to the interests of the greatest of our manufactures. The total stock of all binds of cotton et Liverpool is computed at 586,900 bass, against 667,520 at the same period of lest year; but it is important to remark that the meson has now arrived when the eerier pickings of the new Ainei:cen crop ought to be on the way to and actually airivi - ig in Europe, instead of which the crop is being kept back on the plantations unpacked and unc'eened. Our present stock of American is but 310,460 bales, against 528,170 et this date last year, end it is a remarkable feet that there is none on the water. The quanct a r of last Indian cotton at sea is 238,620 bales ; at tit's time last year it was only 66,120. The total received from India this year is 784,960 bales, against 616,630 in 1860 ; so that we have not yet derived much actual benefit from the exer tions which are being made in that country. Sir Cuanza; WOOO estimated that India would send us this year a million of bales ; and a writer of large Indian experience in the Money Medal Review computes that the total will probably be nearer one and a half million. He declares it to be a popular fallacy to suppose that India cannot produce the very best qualities of cotton. In the eff.irts which are being made to develop the Indian production wo trust that the means of improving the quality of the produce will not be lost sight of. The object should be to rid us, coca and for ever, of our dependence upon America. Such en opportunity es the present will probably never occur again. To do this India must meet the competition of the American grower in point of quality as well as price. The permanence of the extended Indian cotton trade as distinguished from a mere spasmodic incitement, the reaction from which might be severely felt in India, cannot be otherwise secured. We have alluded before to the sympathetic speculation which has arisen in the Manchester market—the market for the manufactured articilm The efforts are of a character to surprise the oldest dealers. Advances in price, characterised by Messrs. C. FILAJEN Sox, and Co. es "rambling," have been demanded for every article dealt in at the cotton metropolis " with a rapidity of excitement pre " viously unknown to the present generation." This firm declare broadly that " the specuLtion " has latterly been almost confined to spinners and " manufacturers in their own stocks ; for, looking " to the enormous rise in the price of the raw " material, and to the curtailment of production " from extended and weekly extending short time, " they have been emboldened to demand prices " utterly out of the reach of ordinary buyers, pre " ferrin to stock almost, even either than sell at " their extreme pretensions. Looking, therefore, " to the limited production, spinners and manufac " turers hold heavy stocks of yarns and goods, and " this by choice, at the beginning of usually the " very dullest season of the year." These re• marks illustrate further the complete disorganisa tion which premils in the whole of the cotton trade. be Court. WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 2. The Queen, with the Prinows Alice, walked in the Home Park this morning.. The Prince Coeimort, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, and the Maharajah Dhul. ep Smgli. went out shooting, attended by Major-Oesieral the Hon. It. Bruce, Major- Cameral Seymour, &ad Colonel the Hon. A. Hardily,. Bari Speucer had the honour of accompanying the royal piety. The Prince of Wales left Windsor in the afternoon for Madiegley Hall, Cambridge, attended by Majoublenseal the Hon. Brum and Major Teead•te. Count and Countess Gleieben ♦isited her Majesty cm Thursday. The follniring visitors left the Ceetle to-day:—The Duchene of Welliogtoo, the Marquis of Ailesbury, the Earl of St. Germans, Earl Spencer, Viscount Sydney, the Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood, General Viscount Gough, Gomel Lord Clyde, Lord Harria, the Right Hon. Sir John Law rence, Bart., and General Sir George Pollock. The royal dinner party included the Primes' Alice, the Princess of Hohenlohe, the Maharajah Dhuleep Singh, the Belgian Minister and Madame Van de Weyer, lady Augusta Bruce, Sir James Clark, Colonel Oliphant, and Idijor Elphinstone. R.E. Hat Majesty's private band played after dinner, in the drawiog•room, the following pieces : Overtniv, " Lain" — . Herold. Ronde de Nutt flittront-t, No 2 Haydn. •votz, •• Alochied vont N akin" Mendolsoohn. 11.Ira It Nov. 3. The Queen and Prince Cowed, the Priem@ Alice, Prime Arthur, Prince Leopold. Primer Helena, Princess Louise, and the Princess of Holieslobe, the Wiese/a Gentlemen of tie Court and the Doomed@ Household, .Heeded Divine Service this morning in the Private Chapel. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Wisdom per. formed the Service, and administered the Holy Seseaseat. - . . . The Priem of Holtenlohe arrival from the Continent oil • whit to her Majesty. Tbs Maharajah Dhuleep Singh left the C4stle, attended by Colossi Oliphant. Bin Excellency the Turkish Ambarrador had an inter view with her Majesty's Commissionen for the International Exhibitioe of 1862, at their meeting on Friday last. Despateles were irceived at Saturday at the Colocial ease from the Governors of Ceyba, Hong-Yeeg. Malta, Gibraltar, and British Columbia. Despatches were sent to the Governor of Lebnan, the Lord High Crnamilmirmer of the lonise Wanda, and to the 00.1W00/1/1 of the North American provinces, and limp& His Royal Rightism Prince Leopold, the fourth and yeasseet eon el her blajesty, proceeds to the Oestinest taday, travelling by the tioutli-Estes Below to bollix. steer, where it is expected that the Meek Ingle will be is waiting to take his royal highness acme the Olsiewil. The Marquis of Fseter arrived in Grosvenor square oe Saturday frost Nowaserkat. The adds ausgsia aid warchrosew will leave tows is a taw days for Brighton. The Earl and Countess of Craven paned through Loris. as Saturday, tree Comae Abboy, on their way to Ashdown Park. Bras. Viscount Viengtos rasesiss is Lora. The Countess d &ikon and the Karl of Sefton en recei•iog a anormaisa of a-miters at their matt, CraMath Park, Laar....hire. The Earl sad Couatese of Bective have Lilt Undorby Hall, Kirkby Loos&le, WedmoreLW, for the Virgiaia,cousty Cavan. The "Ail of Ruiner is receiving a family circle at his seat, Colethal House, Berbahirs. Vissueat and Vasomotor Folkestom and the Hoe. Miss Bouvet* Mr. sad Mrs. Alfred Burnaby, the Right Hoe. P.. P. Bouvet* M.P., and Lord Ashley are mow* the company. The Esrl of Hopetoun has arrived at Long's Hotel. Viscount and Viscountess Bandon leave town to morrow fur Brightoa. Lord Llanover left town on Saturday on a visit le Viso:oust and Viscountses Palmerston, at Broadlanda, Haste. Lord and Lady Norreys will leave Crosteth Ark, where they have best staying oe a visit to the Coaster of Settee, la stew days, for Brighton. Colonel and lady Caroline Towueley and Miss Tewealey arrived la tows on Saturday from Crosteth Park. Her ladyship and Him Townley leave town to-morrow for Brig toe. The following gentlemen are making a tour through Bpaia, Morocco, and Egypt :—Sir Cape! Mo'yam:, Bart., of Calais Wiwi, Antrim, 'raised; James L. Her; Req., of thsaford ; and Robert Lobe Morrie, of Pembroke Lbillego, Oxford. We (Irish Times) regret to have to announce the 4m of the Hos. and Very R..•. Robert William Henry Maude, dean at Clogbar, Misalliance of which sad event rimelied Dublin yesterday. Dean Naiads, who was as uncle ad t►e pment Visoount Hawszden, was born in August, INK said was therefore in die 7dth year. He married in Nay, 1t27, Hon. Elizabeth Nary Prettie, eldest daughter of Sea. Francis Aldborough Prettie, father of the prevent Lad Dvially. Dean Maude held the living as well u the dream of Camber. Tb. Nuthers Whig state; that Sheridan Kayolse is sneering from sews ilium in the neighbour hood d Belled. An euterpriaing gentleman, connected with one of our piddie places et amusement, ran intimated to the latersational Exhibition commissioners he &lire that aspen, the teatime of the Exhibition 'braid be a bowling alley, • shooting pllory for practice with rides, and a skittliegromad, without ass and all of which, for the de• Iseratiou of the Hera, he le of opinion the peat andertakkg et 18112 w:11 be tar from complete. He was willies to be ee self-denying as to take upon himself the management of Hen places. However, the commia,iooeis, failing to see how skittle@ entered into the plan of Use Exhibition, were impala to decline the peopesal. - - . Mr. Chas. Mathews contradicts the report that be has spilled the stage. "That I ant going," be Sys, "to try the sapsriasst of as 'estertai.sitest ' is true, sod 1 hogs its moo= may be such as to give me a little respite tem drsesite labours, to which, however, is a abort tits I lagged to return. As as actor I tint sued for public favour, sad as as actor I hope, when the time shall arrive, to mho my Mast bow." _ We (Liorrpool ibion) have the bast authority for glebes OA emphatic coutrulictioo to the report that the Hoe. Yrs. J. C. Dormer haaembreeett the Ream catholic faith. It is ooutomplated to hold • groat proteatantL sicesintios at the at Wert of w Kayneeth Endowment in Dublin. Mr. Malley, M.P., is SO Weed. . The late Mr. Julio Gold, a stockbroker in Dub lin, left romiey for the erection sad endowment ct • church le Ratko.", which was opened on Friday by the Her. Man illa Dar. !Least 10,13:73t., and there is an endowment of UAL • year for the incumbeut, besides the pew rents. The lasennhent tie He,. James Hewitt, late curate of St. listtlies. Wet d the &Melo in Zion Church," to which he Ins Sees ssnsisted, were let before it wee opened. It will seat SOO. By the will of the founder • coosiderable number of this inttinp must be free to the poor. The con rogation, however, will be one of the most fiulinnable In Dublin. The church is • floe building, beautifully situ ated, in • district the population of which is rapidly ia creasiag. A free passage to New South Wales has been obtained for 150 d the parlor lately evicted from their Waives' Detereegk, county Donegal-50 sea sad 100 nem% between the ages of 15 sad 40. whether married or sin" provided they he healthy awl @trace of their are. • smirksl couple, hay's/ coo or two children, may get out. Rash mem have two mute of ellehee, but Dew bolding, with Iseithes ebsesiks, will be provided on board, and will be Etna as the migrant on Luling if well conducted. Buck is the teener of a make, extensively circulated by the asereteries at the Derryveash Relief Committee. The express boat fru= Logstowu to Holyhead, emaexion with the Master and Holyhead Railway Company, ceased to am ea Friday. the City of Dublin lawn Packet Carapues beats being ((mod sufficient far the traffic. The Bombay University has held its srat examiva• tics is arta. Out at Alta= aaadiclates only was passed THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1861. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN LORD LYONS AND MR. SEWARD. The following i% the correspondence referred to in telegraphic advices from New York as having passed between the British Ambassador to the United States' government and Mr. Seward : LORD LYONS' LETTER TO MR. SEWARD. Washington, Oct. 14. Sir,— Her Majesty's government were ranch concerned to find that two British subjects, Mr. Patrick and Mr. Rahming, b►d been subjected to arbitrary arrest, and, although they had learnt from a telegraphic de spatch from me that Mr. Patrick had been released, they could not but regard the matter as one requiring their very serious consideration. Her Majesty's government perceive that when British subjects, as well u American citizens, sre arrested, they are immediately transferred to &military prison, and that the military authorities refuse to pay obedience to a writ of habeas corpus. Her Majesty's government conceive that this practice is directly opposed to the maxim of the constitution of the ' United States, that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Her Majesty's government are willing, however, to make every allowance for the hard necessities of a time of internal trouble, and they would not have been surprised if the ordinary securities of per sonal liberty had been temporarily suspended, nor would they have complained it British subjects falling under sus picion had suffered from the consequences of that sus picion. But it does not appear that Congress has sanctioned in this respect any departure from the due course of law ; and it is in these circumstances that the law officers of the crown have advised her Majesty's government that the ar bitrary arrests of British subjects are illegal. So far ss appears to her Majesty's government the Secretary of State of the United States exercises, upon the reports of spies and informers, the power of depriving British subjects of their liberty, of retaining them in prism, of liberating them by his own will and plea sure. Her Majesty's government cannot but regard this despotic and arbitrary power as ioconsiatmt with the wadi. tufa= el the United States, as at vari►nce with the treaties of amity subsisting between the two nations, and as tending to prevent the resort of British subjects to the United States for purposes of trade and industry. Her Majesty's government have therefore felt hound to instruct me to remonstrate against irregular proceedings, sod to say that in their opinion the authority of Congress is necessary in order to justify the arbitrary arrest and im prisonment of British subjects. I have the honour to be. sir, with the highest considers. Lion, your most obedient bumble servant, The Hon. Wm. Seward, /sc. LYON& MR. SEWARD'S REPLY. Department of State, Washington, Oct. 14. My Lord, —I him" the honour to acknowled7e your lord ship's note of the present date. Is that paper you inform me that two British subjects, Mr. Patrick and Mr. Rahming, have been brought under arbitrary arrest, and that althoegii her Majesty's ministers have been advised by you of the rehire of Mr. Patrick, yet they cannot but re gard the saager as requiring the very serious consideration of the government. You further inform me that her Majenty'sgoverameet perceive that when British subjects, aa well se American Utilises, are arrested, they are transferred to a military prison, sad that the military authorities ream to pay obedisese to • writ of habeas corpus. Yea rid that her Majesty's government conceive that this meth* is directly opposed to the mssim of the constitution el the United States. that no person shall be deprivcd of Iffe. liberty, or property without due promos of law. You then observe that her Majesty's goverment are oeverther Les willing to mike every •llowasa for the hard neces sities of • time al interns! trouble, and they would not have bete surprised it the ordinary securities of psencreal liberty bed been temporarily suspended, nor would they have complained if British subjects falling under simplaina had suffered from the consequences of that sespieion. But that it does sot appear that Congress has sanctioned in this respect any departure from the dui course of law, and it is in thine circumstances that the law Akers of the crown have &deists' I her Majesty's go vernment that the arrests of British subjects are You murk, farther, that so farasappeare to berMajsety's government, the Secretary el/ State for the United Skim examinee upon the reports of spies, and ammo' the power of depriving British subjects of their liberty, or liberating them by his own will and pleasure ; and you inform me that her Majesty's gores ament !cannot but re gard this despotic and arbitrary power is Mem sistent with the constitution of the United States, as at variance with the treatise of amity subsisting between the two natines, and as tending to prevent the resort of British 'abject& to the United States for purpose of trade end industry. You conclude by informing me that upon these grounds her Majesty's government have felt bound to leanest you to remonstrate against such irregular proceed. imp, and to say that in their opinion the authority of Con gress is necessary in order to justify the arbitrary arras* sod imprisonment of British subjects. The facts in regard to the two persons named in your note are as follows : Comumnications from the regular police of the country to the executive at Washington showed that dis loyal persons in the State of Alabama were con ducting treasonable correspondent). with Confederates. British subjects and American citizens in Europe aimed at the overthrow ofthe Fcderel Mars by smand foram actually in the field, and besieging the capital of the United Staten. A portion of the correspondents, which was intercepted, was addressed to the firm of Smith and Patrick, brokers, long established, and doing business h the city of New York. It appeared that this firm had • branch at Mobile ; that the partner Smith is • disloyal citizen of the Volta States, and that he was in Europe whim the tremostble pawn wen soot from Mobile, addressed through the hone of Smith and Patrick in New York. Os receiving this information, William Patrick wee arreetzd, sad committed into military custody at Fort Lafayette, by an order of the Sonstary of War of the Unita States, addressed to the polies of the city of New York. These proceedings took place on the 28th of August last. Reproantaticeis warsiharsapoa wade to the Secretary of State by fries& of Mr. Patrick, to the effect that, not withsamolins his awoolatkes, his was psnonally loyal to the govaramsah, sad that he was ipsorsat of the treasonable Ware of the oonawssisass widish was being carried ors through the warasaifa hears of which be was • nwso• bor. Direetkes wars thswewpsa given by the Secretary of State to a proger spat to Inquire into the correctness of the facts thus laasseasd, sad this hooky resulted in the . . establishment of their teeth. Mr. William Patrick was thereupon promptly railroad from custody by direction of the Secretary of State. This Mere occurred on the Lith day of September last. On the 2nd day of Sept. the superintendent of police in the city of New York inforor.l the Secretary of State by telegraph thighs had ender arrest J. C. &diming, whohad just arrived trees Neaten, where he bed attempted lie duce the owners of the schooner Arctic to take mama to Wilmington, I. North O•roliea, for the ow of t►e rebels, and inquired what he should do with the prisoDer. J. C. fishming was thereupon committed into military custody ►t Fort Lafayette under a mandate from the Secretary of State. This commit. meet wry made on the 2nd day of September. Oa the 17th day of that month this prisoner, after due himeiry, wee released from costody on hie execating a bond ia the penalty of 2,500 dole. with the condition that he Amyl thereafter bear true ►Uexiaace to the United Staten end do ao act hostile or injurious to them while remaining under their protectioo. I have to regret that after so keg se official intercourse between the governments of the United States and Greet Britain, it should be Deceseary now to inform her as jesty's ministers that all executive proceedings, whether of the Secretary of War or of the Secretary of State, are, us dirivowed or revoked by the President, procsedialp the Presklest of the United States. Oertainly it is sot Decomar y 0 announce to the British government now that an insurrection, attended by civil and even social war, wu existing in the United States when the proceedings which I have thus related took place. But it 1101 IS sum necessary to stets, for the Information of that government, that Outran is by the constitution invested with no exeentive power or re sponsibility whatever ; sal, on the 000trazy, that the Pre sident of the United States is by the constitution end law, invaded, with the whole executive power of the govern. cunt, sad charged with the supreme direction of an municipal or ministerial civil agents, as well as el the whole land and civil forams of the Union ; and that, invested with those ample powers, he is c harged by the constitution and the laws with the absolute duty of suppressing insurrection, as well as preventing and repelling invasion ; and that for these purposes he con stitutionally exercises the right of suepending the writ of habeas corpus whenever and wheresoever and in whatso ever extent the public safety, endangered by tree/ion or invasion in arm% in his judgment requires. The proceedings of which the British government com plain were taken upon information 'conveyed to the Presi. dent by the legal polio@ authorities of the country ; and they were not instituted until after he had suspended the great writ of freedom in just the extent that, in view of the perils of the State, he deemed necessary. For the exercise of that discretion he, as well u his advisers, among, whom areithe Secretary of War and the Secretary of State, is responsible by the law before the highest judicial tribunal of the Republic, and amenable also to the judgment of his countrymen, and the enlight ened opinion of the civilised world. A candid admission in your letter relieves me of any ne comity for showing that the two persons named therein were neither known nor supposed to be British subjects when the proceedings occurred, and that in every case sub. jects of her Majesty residing in the United States, and under their protection, are treated during the present troubles in the same manner, and with no gre►ter or lees rigour than American citizens. The military prison which wan used for the temporary detention of the suspected parties is a fort constructed and garrisoned for the public defence. The military officer charged with their custody has declined to pey obedience to the writ of habeas corpus, but the refusal was made in obedience to an expreas direction of the President in the exercise of his functions as commander-in-chief of all the land and naval forces of the United States. Although it in not very important, it is not entirely irre levant to add that, so far as I am informed, no writ of habeas corpus was attempted to be served or wee even issued out or applied for in behalf of either of the pence/ named, although in a cede not dissimilar the writ of habeas corpus wee baud out in favour of another British subject, and was disobeyed by direction of the President. The British government have candidly conceded in the re monstrance before ins that even in this country, so remarkable for so long an enjoyment by its people of the highest Paton. ties of personal freedom, war, and especially civil war, can. not be conducted exclusively in the forms and with the dilatory remedies provided by municipal laws which are adequate to the preservation of public order in time of peace. Treason always operates if .possible by surprise, and prudence and humanity therefore equally require that violence concocted in .secret shall be prevented if practicable by un usual and vigorous precaution. I am fully aware of the inconveniences which remit from the practice of such precaution, embarrassing communities in social life, and affecting perhaps trade and intercourse with foreign nations. But the American people, after having in every way tried to avert civil war, have accepted it at last as a stern neces sity. The chief object while it lasts is not enjoyments of society or the prate of trade, but the saving of the mi aow.' life. That life saved, all the other blessings which attend CU speedily return with the greater assurance of continuance than ever before. The eddy of the whole people hat become in the present emergency the supreme law, and so long as the danger shall exist, all classes of society equally, the denizen and the citizen, mud cheerfully acquiesce in the measures which that law pmcrabea. This government does not question the learning of the lepl advisers of the British crown, or the justice of the deference which her Majesty pays them. Neverthe. lees, the British government will hardly expect that the President will accept their explanation of the constitution of the United Suttee, especially when the constitution thus expounded would leave upon him the sole execu. tire responsibility of suppressing the existing insurrection, while it would transfer to Congress the most material and indispensable power to be employed for that purpose. Moreover, these explanations find no real support in the letter, much less in the spirit, of the con stitution itself. He must be allowed, therefore, to prefer to be governed by the view ;of our organic national law which, while it will enable him to exercise his great treat with complete success, receives the sanction of the highest authorities of our own country, and is sustained by the general consent of the people for whom alone that coestitution was established. I muff myself of this opportusity to offer to your lord. ship s mowed assursucs of my vary high oousiden.tiou. (Sigood) W. IL &want. The Right Hon. Lord Lyons, Ice. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Asia, Captain Lott, which sailed from Now York ou the 23rd ultimo, arrived in the Mersey at 11 o'clock last night. A telegraphic summary received via Queenstown Las already appeared. AIISTRI A. The Emperor of Austria received the Prinoe Primate of Hungary in an interview on Thursday last. His Eminence had an interview the evening before with the Chancellor of Hungary, and way expected to leave for Gran on Saturday. The French Ambassador, the Duke de Gram_ mont, had an interview of two hours' duration with the Austrian Minister for Foreign Affairs on Thursday last. Several ladies of the aristocracy propose passing the winter at Venice with the Empress. ITALY. THE GO' AND THE ECCLE- !MASTICS. The Official Gazette of Turin publishes the circular of the Minister of Grace and Justice to the archbishops, bishops, and capitulary vicars of the kingdom, of which some account has been received by telegram. The circular, which is of considerable length, commences with au allusion to the hostility which has been shown to the national movement by many members of the clergy in various parts of the kingdom. The forms which this opposition has assumed are described in detail. This con duct is described as causing confusion in the state, and is declared to be contrary to the policy of the church in past ages, which has been to adapt itself to all forms of government, only requiring the free exercise of its spiritual mission. The King, it is urged, has never stretched the prerogative of the civil power to the injury of the church, but has simply carried out reforms which have been effected in other catholic countries. He has no more ardent wish than to see the respective limits of the two powers clearly defined and observed ; but to realise this the church must renounce every species of temporal domination. The Minister then impresses upon the archbishops the duty, in the interests of the catholic church, of keeping the clergy within due bounds. The circular concludes as follows : The undersigned cannot refrain from declaring that if the government of the King in firmly resolved to pre. serve to the church its lawful liberty in the spiritual order according to laws, and even to enlarge it in the event of the realisation of desired results, he will never permit the clergy, however high their position, to participate in pro opedinp whichl are in flagrant opposition to the national government, which lead to contempt and disobedience of ' j the laws of the kingdom, and which contribute to tro u bl e I in any way the public order. la cases en which a somber of the clergy shall make nee of a religions proSiszt 1 to excite the population to attack the institutions of the state, or to prevent the execution of the larrs,the government of the King will be obliged to have recourse to the severest measures. The undersigned relies on the prudence of the very reverend archbishops, bishops, and capitulary vicars of the kingdom, who will assuredly fire to the clergy of their diocese instructions which will result in putting an end everywhere to such a deplorable state of things, sad remove the unfortunate opinion that the greater part of the ' clergy are either openly or secretly hostile to the ' national government. Certainly the neselsridanding be tween civil and religious society was never more necessary than it is at the present time, and this to protect , the great principles of justice, order, and morality of which the present geossation has so much more need that the changes in which it has taken part have been rapid, great, and extraordinary. If such an understanding were disturbed, the consequences would be of very short duration and perhaps Irreparable; but a terrible responsi. bility would fall upon the authors. The King's govern ment has taken, and will continue to take, the necessary measures for preserving so salutary an understanding. It will suffice that the ecclesiastical authorities concur on their part with that wisdom and promptitude which are required by the importance of the subject, and the conditions of the time. AGRARIAN DISTURBANCES IN VENETIA A letter from Vicenza (Venetia), dated the 21st ult., gives an extraordinary aooount of • rising of some peasants in the country round that city. Instigated by the clerical and military parties, and preeoeded by • yellow and black flag, and uttering cries of " Long live Austria," and "Death to the Landlords," masses of them took possession of the fields and farmyards of the proprietors. The event has delighted the Austrian general, to whom the pea sants have represented that their landlords are hostile to the government. "Some persons hope," says the letter, "that the government will inter fere, but the greater number of the inhabitants fully believe that this affair is but a prelude to an event like the terrible revolt of the peasants in Gallicia, which ended in the massacre of the land lords to the benefit of the government." THE SUPPOSED PRIVATEER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN. (now (ma ows ooasserovronr.) MALTA. Ocr. 25. Official information was received yesterday morn. ing from the United States consul at Messina, that a very auspicious American three-masted schooner had been for several days cruising in the Faro, without communicating with the shore. She had a very large number of blacks on board, and there is good reason to believe that she is a rebel privat3er. This news has caused great excitement, as there are a great number of flue American ships engaged in trade with Sicily, Malta, Smyrna, and the adjacent porta. (lIZUTCR'S TURIN, Nov. 4. The Opinion of to-day says : "Diplomatic documents on the Roman question will be com municated by the ministry to the parliament imme diately ou the opening." PARIS, Nov. 4. The Paris papers of to-day announce that Signor Rattazzi will prolong his stay in Paris until Sun day next. THE OVERLAND MAIL. The Bombay journals of October 12, which have come to hand this morning, announce the resigna tion of the government of Bombay by Sir George Russell Clerk, and that the resignation has been accepted. His excellency, in consequence of indis position, intended to leave Dapoorie for Makab leshwur in a day or two. Mr. R. Temple is to be the chief commissioner of the government paper currency, which comes into operation in January next. Telegraphic advice* from all parts of India con firm the hope that the country will escape the general visitation of cholera which was so much dreaded. In Kandahar, 8,000 persons are stated to have fallen victims to cholera in 18 days ! Lord Canning, it is stated, will not leave India till the beginning of March next, when the six years' term of his office of viceroy shall have expired. Her Majesty's regiments in Bengal, whose speedy return home is said to be certain, are the 6th, 73rd, 75th, and 83rd. A report of the Military Department for 1860-61 on the reductions in the native army shows a reduc tion of more than 61,065 men of all ranks, and a saving fully equal to one crore of rupees. A large reduction iu the native cavalry is under considera tion. The government of India have granted lands to the native commissioned and non-commissioned officers in their respective villages, whose services have been dispensed with in consequence of the reduction in the native army. The Military Department of the Government of India has published a report of the military re forms of 1880-81, which gives the strength of the European army as follows : _ ilatcs or ler Mar, 1860. Effective strength. Cost. Calcutta Madras 15,003 .. 1,65,36.300 Bombay Total 81,228 .. 8,93,50,800 Paoroaro Funs! Eicat.s. Calcutta Madras 15,161 .. 1,66,77,100 Bombay Total 73,586 .. 8,00,:4,700 The fixed strength of 73,586 is 7,577 more than Lord Canning recommended, and 3,677 more than Mr. Laing promised in his budget speech. It is stated that important changes in the Indian navy will shortly be carried into effect. Orders have been issued for its reduction to four ships for transport service. Vessels of the royal navy will perform the work of the Indian navy ships. The trade of Bombay, as appears from the re port of the Commissioner of Customs for 1860-81, amounts to more than thirty-eight millions ster ling, showing an increase of 2,700,0001. over the year 18.59-60. This large increase has been wholly in the export trade. The Bombay Chamber of Commerce has memo rialised the Secretary of State for India on the subject of the alleged undue advantages afforded to the Manchester Cotton Company to the preju dice of private enterprise for the production of cotton in India. By electric telegraph, commercial advice§ up to Oct. 9 had been received at Bombay. The sub stance of the telegram has already appeared in our columns. By way of the mail the Calcutta dates are to October 1. The Englishman, of that day, says : Our market. have shown less activity during the put week ; this may be in some measure ascribed to the accounta received from all parts of India of the fearful fall of rain, and inundations consequent thereon, of which full details will be found in other columns. The brisk de. mend for Manchester cotton goods, which we reported in our last issue, has somewhat subsided, notwith. dandle' the very limited stocks in the upper provinces. There can be no doubt that buyers are induced to hold off from the fear that any failure in the crops, from whatever cause, may greatly influence the de maid for these goods in the agricultural districts, and limit transactions considerably. That there will be a partial failure in the harvest is Lower Bengal, caused by the mai tinuous and heavy rains, which up to the hour of oar writ ing have not at all abated, we have no doubt ; but we do not expect that the same cause will materially affect the crops in the upper provinces, and should the wet weather crops partially fail for this masa% we may (ally anticipate an abundant harvest from Chow raised in the cold weather. The native dealers, however, are easily alarmed; and an unauthenticated sad improbable bazaar report will frequently have the effect of staying all transactions and of causing a sudden rise or fall in prices, for which current events offer no warrant. We may, however, safely anticipate increased activity in our import market, when the real state of the crops is placed beyond doubt ; till then, constant fluctuations must be looked for. There is a'lao • marked falling off in export., as a glance at the returns will show. The same cause which has affected the import trade hu influenced the exports ; the alarm created by an imaginary failure in the harvest has afforded an excuse for holders of country produce to increase their prices. Saltpetre is still in demand for America and rice for the West Indies and Eastern Colonies.. Upwards of 100,000 hides have gone forward to London during the past week, but beyond this, we have nothing to report, our markets having been well nigh inactive. The obituary includes the following names Captain Ord, her Majesty's 3nl Regiment Native Infantry ; Lieutenant E. P. Pakenham, 52nd Light Infantry ; Lieutenant W. J. Surnan 27th Inniskillings ; Lieutenant Stevenson, 14th Batta lion Royal Artillery ; Mr. P. W. Blake, Assistant Engineer, G. I. P. Railway ; Mr. George Smith, Assistant-Surgeon her Majesty's 34th Regiment. BUENOS AYRES. The advioes from Buenos Ayres by the present mail present • strong probability that the result of the battle between the forces of that provinse under General Mitre, and Wove of the central government under General Urquita, will have proved sufficiently decisive to terminate the war, and to cause the future internal relations of the country to be settled on • permanent lambi. The tote/ of the two armies which met at Peron, in the province of Santa Br, on the 17th of September, amounted to more than 30,000 men, and, although the cavalry of Buenos Ayres are said to have been cut off from rendering assistance, the success of the infantry was so complete that at the close of the day they bad taken 31 field-pieces and 1,603 prisoners, with large quan tities of arms, ammunition, icc. General Urquiza retreated to Parana, and having resigned his command, and published • letter declaring aa intention to retire entirely to private life, he crossed to the State of Entre Rice, of which be is governor. Senor Dalai, the President of the Republic, had subsequently taken measures to raise • second army, but the belief was theta continuance of hostilities would be found impracticable, sad that a new national organisation would speedily be arranged, on conditions satisfactory to Buenos Ayres. Two further failures are reported on thin occasion from Buenos Ayres —an Italian merchant, for about 150,0031., and a German home, also for a large amount. Business was very dull, and the city was fella. Bed by • deep trench, with • stockade in front, and 'mi. oar earthwork batteries ; but all idea of danger had now passed, and an early revival of trade was likely to take place. Severe drought had been experienced, and cattle had consequently been sold at extremely low prices. In the midst of the financial exigencies consequent upon the great efforts just made, Buenos Ayres has continued to maintain her foreign credit with rigid punctuality, and the present packet has brought • remittance of upwards of 17,0001. on account of the bondholders, being the balance of interest and sinking feud on her debt for the last two quarters of the present year. THE GALE. WRECK OF THE BOARBOBOUGH LIFEBOAT. The following letter has been received by the Secretary of the National Lifeboat Institution ; SCARBOROUGH, Nov. 3. Sir—lt is with deep regret I have to inform you that whilst our new lifeboat was proceeding yesterday afternoon, above 4 o'clock, during a terrific gale of wind from the N.E. to the rescue of the crew of a laden schooner then driving towards the shore, she came, when abreast of the Spa, into broken water, and was forced by the waves with great violence against the seawall, by which accident she has received so much damage am to render it very doubtful whether she can be repaired or not. Two of the crew perished. The rest were with very great difficulty saved by parties on the Spa, of whose brave conduct in so nobly risking their lives to save their fellow men, too much cannot be said in praise. Lord Charles Brander°, who was amongst the number, re• caved such serious injury by being dashed against the rocks that he died last night, and W. Tindall, E.g., of this place, has not been since hoard of, and it is feared that he is drowned. The crew of the ship were afterwards saved by the rocket and mortar apparatus. W. H. FOVILZR, Hon. Secretary. To the Secretary of the National Lifeboat Institution. LIFEBOAT SERF-mm. 4 LOWESTOFf, Nov. 3. Last night (says Captain Joachim, R.N.) it blew a heavy pie here from the north with rain. About 10 o'clock a vessel's signals of distress were seen in the direc tion of and beyond the East Point, when the lifeboat in connexion with the National Lifeboat Institution was got and launched through a tremendous surf, and, sanding to the northward, discovered the vessel by her repeating her signals of distress ; we having hailed her, found the crew were not able to keep her afloat, when we closed with her and threw nine or ten hands on board, which enabled them to slip their cable and run for the harbour. I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the usual courage of the lifeboat's crew, and their skilful management of the boat on this occasion in a heavy ple sod dark night. The vessel proved tabs the Fly schooner, of Whitby, with a crew of our hands, from Newcastle to London, with • cargo of bricks. BRIDIJNOTON QUAY, SUNDAL Yesterday morning, during a terrific gale of wind, the schooner Friends al Lynn was observed to part from her anchors. The lifeboat of the National Lifeboat Instate. tion on this st►tion was immediately got out, mounted on her carriage, and taken some two miles over land. She was then launched abreast of the venial, which was • mile distant. After • bard pull the lifeboat succeeded in taking off the wreck's crew of four hands, who were safely brought on shore through • heavy surf. This lifeboat has saved scone of shipwrecked men. FLEETWOOD, Nov. 2. We have had a sad case of shipwreck here this morning. A small craft came on shore during a heavy gale of wind on the banks outside. The lifeboat was taken in tow, as soon as possible, by a steam tug ; but the tide was flowing and the sea increasing, and the vessel was observed to fall over on her broadside, and her crew of three or four hands unhappily perished when the lifeboat was about half-way LAween her and the shore. BANFF, Nov. 2. This morning (gays Capt. McDonald, R.N.), during a violent gale, the schooner Auchincruive, of Grangemouth, was observed to become unmanageable off Banff. The new lifeboat belonging to the National Lifeboat Institution was immediately launched, and afterwards pliantly ,unneeded in saving the whole of the vesears crew, consisting of six men. The schooner afterwards became a total wreck, and without the assistance of the lifeboat her crew must have perished. This valuable lifeboat wee the gift to the Na• tinsel Lifeboat Institution of Messrs. dliscfie and Son, of Liverpool, and verily their munificence baa already had its reward. PORTHCA.WL, Nov. 2. Early this morning (writes Captain Buchan, it..N.) a vessel was seen on the Searwesther Bands. The wind was strong from N. W., withoocasionid showers of rain, &thrill.* only of an indistinct view being obtained, but from the dart appeandoe it looked as if men were iu the rigging. The lifeboat of the National Lifeboat Institution immediately put off, but on reaching the vessel it was found that none of the crew remaiaed. As the night had been moderately quiet it is to be hoped that they may have reached Port Talbot in their boat. The vassal proved to be a brig, apparently la ballast, but, from the hull being totally under water, the name could not be ascertained. Immediately after the lifeboat had left the vessel fell over on her basun ends. SEATON CAREW, STOCKTON-ON-TEES, Nov. 2. This morning between 7 and 8 o'clock, during a heavy ple of wind, the Seaton Carew lifeboat, which belongs to the Royal National Lifeboat Irtitation, took off five of the crew of the barque Robert Watson, of Sunderland, dreaded about three-quarters of a mile to the southward of this place. This valuable lifeboat, which is the gift of William "Merrell, Esq., to the society, has already wed twenty-eight persons from different wrecks. The Archbishops of Burgos and Santiago, the aewlynamed cardinals, have been presented with the testa of their new dignity by the Queen in the chapel of th e pawn.