The Express. — London, England, 1861-01-08 00:00:00

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Mk•l GM e. 160% PIUNCIX I h. Tine leuriNa. TNL relimich• RROTNIUM Ilromm /.. N.M. a Ihrebtri —Awl the prinsmise. RI "N. or. /14.1.4.11• awl The KsNd as rarribbe .s 1.1""". 31 Ma.. Knomme• 11 Usiellal". Mi. A. ram N. JAI Tao at MIK TO ma ow IT. rearm W /LW km wed Maw p . Wm. Illsollen Wiliito —A.. am .strenerfir es• ILT DT mum . Nought; Ibny ghat cit., ler Me4ass. 4 . l mrs. ileums IMPery. $... .t. cams. Molloy,. • t mart SILITANNIA. Tag livoisk TIM PILINCIC AND TED DOLL 11... r. arm Jews Innis. R.W. med N...luas. ■lC.4isphoa. Lem Vf. tNeekni —Aurl A %Imam' VIM/ TH Y. "ta• Mows, layaelis Ammi %Ohre. Ara D. Taranbl. SIGN WATER AT SITADON MDR I.av -Armies Ilk Altana" 411. Oft te•assa -Monies. •a-•a-. a 4411. LONDOV, YI"K.4DAY, J.t N. 8. X • filets an too notorious, on inferences too clear, for the perverting power of party pre judice. Tlo• lezty of resistance to the further "easiesseiou of popular rights amongst us, are try- Mg just now to turn to account the differences that threaten to divide the hitherto United States of America. The superionty of a strong central gokerninesit is alintrated, we are told, by the ex postulatory moderation of President litNllll3ll2l in dealing with the precipitate and peseimisie comae taken by South Carolina ; and the greater sta bility of aristocratic institutions over dime of • democratic character is shown by the reekleemens with which Louisiana, 4:corgia, and %milli talk of following her example. The Southern States, we are assured, are all democracies in the same maw as those of New Englund, yet " the North," we are told, "is for freedom, while the South is " for slavery ; and the North is for freedom of " discussion, while the South represses freedom of " discussion with the tar-brush and the pine fag " gut ; yet both possess almost exactly similar " institutions, with this enormous divergence in " theory and practice." It is hardly possible for words to convey misconceptions more complete or mi,-statenwuta more grave than those into which our retrograde contemporary has fallen. It is neither true in point of form that the Southern and Northern States are "exactly similar" in their political institutions, or "almost exactly " similar," or " similar" at all. They are, in• deed, both termed Republic% as were Venice and tienos, England under CROMWELL, and Holland under be ; but every well-taught schoolboy knows that, except in name, there was no identity, or approach to identity, between any two of these. As well might it be said that the institutions of England were "almost exactly similar" to those of Russia because both empires are hereditary, and because the spiritual headship of the Church is combined in both with the civil and military him& ship of the State. But it is not merely in point of form that it is wholly incorrect to call South Carolina and MallMlL chusetta, Virginia and Vermont, democracies of similar constitution, but it is simply futile to classify them together for any political purpose or social meaning. Their origin was different, their history has been still more different, and their actual condition as regards rights, liberties, and franchises, is about as different in all practical points as can be well conceived. The democracies of New England were founded by exiles for "sole liberty," who remembered with grief and grudge how they had been driven by the lordly and prelatical instru ments of tyranny from the land of their fathers; and the new States which have one by one risen up in the north western prairies have instinctively copied the model of the republican hives from which they have swarmed. Many subordinate peculiarities characterise the commonwealths founded by the Puritans, and those which have gradually drawn their physical and moral life therefrom. But in the main they are one and all true to the original type, and one and all rest upon the same foundation, namely, the indefeasible right of every man who contributes by his industry to sustain the State, and who is loyal to its inte rest', to have a voice in the making of its laws and the imposition of its taxes. The electoral franchise in New Hampshire may not be in all respects identical with that in Connecticut ; in Michigan it may be km jealously circumscribed than in Massachnsette ; and in Illinois certain conditions may never have been known which still prevail in PerinsylveAis. But, substantially, each and all of the communities that have recently re corded their votes in favour of Mr. L1%c0t.3 are democratically constituted and democratically governed. But neither Virginia nor the Caro linas, which may be termed the original States of the South, were founded on these principles. When RsLEIUN devised, and Bscox matured, the scheme of a plantation which should hold the Spaniards in check, and establish English colonies on the southern seaboard of the great vacant continent, their notion was to transplant beyond the ocean carefully chosen and nicely pro. portioned specimens of the society in which they lived and moved at home. Large estates were given in fee simple to certain noblemen and gen tlemen who stood well at Court ; and the whole mechanism of entails and feudal rights and rever sions was carefully imitated. A Church establish ment was rigorously imposed upon tie Want colony ; and, as far as it was deemed poseible, the modes and methods of rule which were recognised in England in the days of JAW= I. WIN', dogma tically enjoined upon the Company of Adventurers who were tempted to freight their ships with emi grants to the shores of Chesapeake Bay. Through all the subsequent changes of their struggling growth to maturity during the seventeenth cen tury the sane predominant ideas are traceable in the minds of the Government at home. In the curious history of the settlement of the oniony Published by Bevi.acev, in 170, it is noted with peculiar emphasis that Virginia was the last de petidemy of England winch acknowledged the rule of the Commonwealth, end the bat which offered to lend its aid to Mulct the restoration of the MTVARTs without emiditions. In his admirable work on the ecil•Jnization of North America, Mr. BAN , sort has dcpietcd with more than his ordi nary skill ti,e solemn fooleries of constitution esongering into which another philosopher, Lcke, was betrayed, w hen, like Hsi he lent his pen to the elaboration of mimic institutionson the inonar• chic and aristocratic model of England for the goveniment of youthful communities in America. The Carolinas wen, the unhappy objects of his misplaced zeal for transatlantic transcription ; and it was under the factitious ordinances thus forced upon the's, that the people of these provinces grew and When a common sense of pro- 1 vincial wrong combined the Thirteen Colonies in 1774 ritainat the fiscal injustice of Groitos 111. and bus Ministers, it was felt by all their more le fleet; ng leaders that the difficulties in the way of holding them together would be almost insur e& mutable, from the wide divergence of their habits, w.anners, and ideas. Yoder oligarchic institations the settlers in the South had never thriven or in named as their democratic brethren had done in leas favoured latitudes. Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia welled for the tillage of their fields on slaves imported from Africa ; while a community of race, of speech, of religion, and of the iights of citizenship existed among all make of I men in New England. It was not with out difficulty that Jsr ransom was able to persuade his planter friends in Virginia to adopt even amongst themselves repub lican forms and customs ; but neither he nor any other Southern statesman dreamed of conferring electoral or any other rights of citizenship on the bulk of the population. The Southern States were in his time what they have continued to be ever since, and what they now are, inexorable oligarchies, iu which the nom of the people are by virtue of the taint of colour absolutely excluded from all recognition in the eye of the law, save in the sense in which cattle have protection against wanton cruelty. There is not in Europe any form of society so entirely and intensely anti-democratic as that which prevails to the south of 36 degrees of latitude, and this not merely in spirit and temper, but in fact and form. To assert that de mocracy is a common quantity in the free and the slave States of America, is to bilk with the most momentous realities of things. It is just because democracy is the prevailing law and abiding rule of the Northern States, that personal bondage is found to be within their precincts im possible ; and it is just because the acquisition of a democratic suffrage is sternly interdicted in the houthern States that four millions of human beings are there retained in predial and domestic slavery. One hour of democracy in the South would suffice to settle the question. 'THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVEiTING, JANUARY 8, M. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. 03011 001 OW r.) PARIS, MONDAY ECENINO. The news, quite false at the time, which wax published at Paris three days ago as ooming from Berlin, of an armistice between Vietor Emmanuel and Francis 11., seems to have had for its origin some manoeuvres of the French government to bring about an armistice on conditions suiting its own purposes. The Patric says to-night : It is positively ideted that negotiations are about to be opened at Oacui to induce the belligerents to conclude an armistice upon a new basis. The Pays tells the story as follows : Bo much has been said within the last few days of an armistice, that we do not feel any longer justified in passing over the rumour. It is mid that the first step will be to ascertain the present state of the works both of attack and defence, and is obtain an engagement from both parties not to alter them during the continuance of the armistice. We must, however, add that at the date of the last despatches from Naples nothing had yet been agreed upon, and that the firing continued on both sides. The l'rcisc gives the news iu a different shape, mentioning, but only as a rumour which it does not guarantee, that Admiral Le Barbier de Tinau has orders to withdraw the French fleet, " unless Francis 11. would consent to sign an armistice." This seems to me merely another form of stating that the Emperor is endeavouring to force an armistice upon Victor Emmanuel. Of course, Francis 11., who is at bay, and in a desperate con dition if unassisted, would have everything to gain by stopping Cialdini's siege operations by land, and at the same time retaining French protection at sea. The Opinion Nationale says very affirmatively that the cabinet of the Tuileries has actually given orders for the recall of the fleet, but I do not believe it has any warrant for this much to be desired news. A letter from Rome states that when General de Goyon on New Year's-day solicited the Pope's bless ing for the French army, his Holiness volunteered to comprise the French navy, which was "de fending the holiest of causes. " Seeing the Pope thus travelling out of the pro gramme, General de Goyon asked him whether he had not &blessing for the Emperor, who had done so much for religion in China and Syria. The Pope, apparently taken quite aback by this appeal, said hurriedly, " Oh, yes, for what he has done, is doing, and may do—l hope so." The Bourne, under the influence of a fall of in Consols, and a further rise in the Bank of Eng land discount, has more than lost all the ground it painfully gained on Friday and Saturday. The Rente fell 30c. for cash, and 40c. for account, closing at 67fr. 20c. iu each case. Mobilier fell 17fr. 50c. The Orleans Railway fell lOfr. ; Northern, Bfr. 75c. ; Lyons and Southern, Mr. each ; and Western, I dol. 25c. Eastern was without change. The Spanish funds were much affected by the failure of a banker, whose liabilities are said to be very heavy. ITALY. (nos °us ows TURIN, JAN. 3. The receptions at court on New Year's Day were not so important as in previous years, because, as I wrote you word, the King dispensed with the addresses usual on such occasions. Notwithstand ing this, a few words he spoke to the municipality were not unnoted. He said, amongst other things, "We must not lull ourselves into the belief that we have triumphed over all the difficulties opposing the redemption of Italy. We must remain united, and be prepared every one of us to make fresh sacrifices for the completion lof the work in hand. Heaven helps him who helps himself." In the evening the King appeared, for the first time since his return from the south of Italy. He went to the Royal Theatre. This vast edifice was filled with spectators, who wore eagerly waiting for the King that they might show him their unabated affection. He had no sooner entered the royal box, accompanied by the hereditary Prince, than great and prolonged cheering ensued ; and when he rose to retire at the end of the performance the applause was renewed as before. At the diplo matic court banquet one of the guests was Sir J. Hudson, quite recovered from his recent slight indisposition. There were also many officers present, General Turr being among the number. His Majesty declared to his ministers his entire satisfaction with all they had done, and to each of them he gave some sign of cordial recognition. To his advocate, the Commendatore Rattassi be has sent as a present a most beautiful clock and two rich candelabras ; for about this season of the year he has long been in the habit of conferring similar gifts, as marks of hi favour. The Minister of War, General Fanti, is still suf fering from illness. He was bled again this morn ing. He was able last night to attend to business for a few moments, and give a few necessary instruc tions, about the artillery in particular, but to-day he can neither write nor speak, and as many im portant matters have been waiting now nearly two months for their solution this illness is vexatious in the extreme. His Highness the Prince of Carignan is prepar ing to leave without delay for Naples, where he is to be the viceroy, now that Farini, through failing health and domestic affliction, is compelled to abandon his high office. The prince will bo accom panied by Commendatore Cuetautino Nigra, who represented our government at Paris not long ago. This highly educated and able young diplomatist will have the title of minister in order that he may confirm by his counter signature and be responsible for the acts of the Viceroy. The Count Ponca di San Martino and Signor Rattarzi have both re fused this honour so thickly beset with thorns. They have thought more of themselves, it is too evident, than of the State. It is neve rth eless hoped that the now Viceroy and his advisers will encounter fewer difficulties than Farini did. The Neapolitan aristocracy will uo longer take umbrage, for now the Viceroy will be a prince. And this prince is the brother of the widow of the Count of Syracuse, and she was the sister-in-law of the late King of Naples, Ferdinand H. None of the new viceroy's counsellors are on bad terms with Garibaldi, so that the agitators will not be able to allege this as • ground of disaffection. Then again, the country is weary of its anarchy ; its wants are beginning to be understood, and • little order is creeping in. The public force has been partially re-organised, and the officials we were obliged to send there to be a check on the dishonesty so rife in the public offices of that kingdom, are no longer new to their work. On the other hand, it is probable that the new viceroy will be in Naples in lees than a fortnight, by which time Gaeta will be near its fall, and with it the last hope of the Bourbon party. The state of things will then be greatly simplified, and it will become an easier task to rule the people, when reaction can no longer resort to threats or de lusive promises. A portion of the army that is now besieging Gaeta can then bo stationed here and there in the provinces, when by the reputation of its strength, its glory and discipline, a greater con sistency can be given to the new order of things, and the last traces of the previous immoral rule obliterated. All these considerations induce us accordingly to hope that the Prince of Carignan's mission to Naples will be finally crowned with com plete success. The Marquis of Montezemolo has invited his family to join him in Palermo. He is not dissatia fled with the prospects of the island, and intends to give a series of hospitable entertainments in the I •"e -**! palace of the government. In Sicily, as at Naples, one of the most virulent diseases prevalent is the mania for obtaining govenrment situations. Every one asks for an office, wed, no matter what it may be, conceives 'himself qualified to bold it, the qualification being merely the capacity of drawing the stipend attached to it. Not one of these sand idates considers it at all necessary to work, and accordingly he expects the place to be • sinecure. Some remedy may be found for the evil as soon as the necessary railways for Naples and Sicily can be constructed, because then employment can be found for many. It is imperative, however, that Parliament should examine this question, and probably Parliament will cancel the concessions made by Garibaldi. Signor Lemmi is now at Turin, where he is canvassing supporters and ad herents, but Turin is not Egypt, ant there is no Suez here. (nos one SPECIAL cosararwrnsicr.) NOLA DI GAETA, Dec. 31. Cavan's guns are at last arrived. Our gunners are already busy at work placing them at the Villa Caposele, where Cialdini's head-quarters have been established. From this spot there is a magnificent view of Gaeta, with its fortress and citadel, spread ing itself across the blue waters of the gulf. Below there is the terrace where masses of Roman teseelated pavement are still to be seen. They are supposed to have formed part of the baths of the Permian Villa, the favourite residence of Cicero, who, when tired of the stormy debates of the Senate, used to come here to enjoy the society of Scipio and Iselin. The new bat teries are going to be erected on that clas sical terrace, whence the sea-side of the fortress of Gaeta and its citadel can be shelled with secu rity, because the range of the guns of the besieged is too short to reach it. Although the general bom bardment is not as yet begun, we have nevertheless since Christmas been able to throw into Gaeta more than 3,000 projectiles of all sizes. It is from the batteries of Monte Tortola that this work of de struction is kept up. The success we have already obtained promises one still more brilliant when all our batteries shall open fire against Gaeta. Not only has the work of destruction been already se vere, for both the church of Saint Francis and the Royal Palace have greatly suffered from it.-but the consequence of the first serious bombardment has been that the Neapolitan gunners have peremptorily refused to re-enter the uncovered Regina, Philipstadt, and Brescia bat teries. If you refer to a plan of Gaeta you will see that as soon as these three batteries are silenced the right flank of Monte Orlando is totally without de fences, and therefore easily to be invested. I should not therefore be surprised if the Piedmon tese were to open a breach on that side, and storm the place after a few days' bombardment. When the gunners have not the pluck to stand the fire of the enemy except under shelter, even Gibraltar would lose half its strength. This advantage having thus been obtained since the bombardment of the 25th, 26th, and 30th, we may infer that it matters comparatively little whether the Sardinian fleet is allowed or not to bombard the fortress from the sea. Our magnani mous ally of France may back Francis 11. as long as he likes ; Cialdini will show him that Gaeta can be taken even without the assistance of Admiral Persano. Nobody can understand the meaning of this double-faood imperial policy, which re minds one not a little of the part which Harle quin and Clown play in the old Italian pantomime. Harlequin has murdered Clown, but desires that his corpse should remain in an 0 as position against a wall. This is easily ma as long he supports it with his wooden sw ; but as soon as he withdraws the weapon the poor dead Clown naturally falls to the ground. A telegraphic despatch just received at head quarters informs us that last night an attempt was made on the life of the Duke of San Donato. This nobleman, who is the director-generalof the Neapo litan theatres, was going to San Carlo, when a man rushed at him and stabbed him in the shoulder. Nothing is as yet known of the cause of the crime, but as the duke had been obliged to put a stop to the numerous peculation which took place in the management of the theatres, it is supposed that some discharged empioyf has revenged himself in this infamous and treacherous manner. Let me close my letter by giving the most flat denial to a stupid story which the London papers have brought to Naples in their last impression. The London correspondent of the Manckeskr attar dice was, I think, the first to give it publicity, no doubt fully believing in its correctness. Some other English papers republished the story, with the heading of "Terrible Tragedy in High Life." Well, the whole affair is a shameful and impu dent hoax. The Marquis of Downshire is at Naples on board of his yacht the Sylphide, and that is the sole bit of truth in the story. When the news of the "tragedy"—no doubt got up in London for the amusement of club loungers— reached Lord Downshire's family at Naples he had just gone to Sorrento with that same Captain Grandy whom, according to the English papers, in a fit of paternal indign►tion he had just thrown into the sea. Aa the popularity Lord Downshire and his family enjoy in Naples is very great, everybody has been indignant at this possibly nudiguant and certainly ridiculous slander. An attempt to create some disturbance was made at Naples by the reactionary party on Satur day night. Some fifty or sixty Lazzaroni, of the quarter Santa Lucia, hoisted a white flag and began to ory out "Long live Francis II." A oompany of the National Guard was more than sufficient to arrest the rioters, who have already confessed that they had been paid by a priest to get up the row. Yesterday's Monitear announces that Prince Joachim Murat, accompanied by two of his Majesty's orderlies, will knee to-day for Berlin, bearing an autograph letter from the Emperor to the King of Prussia. The Figaro announces that 3f. Eugene de Mire emus, who obtained considerable notoriety some yews ago by his biographies and pamphlets, has just died in St. Petersburg in great poverty. Some time back he went to London, but not being able to establish himself proceeded to Russia. A Garibaltlian commission has left Turin for Milan charged with the teak of ordering and having exe cuted the star of diamonds which the volunteers who formed part of the Marsala expedition have determined to present to Garibaldi. "It is the only decoration," such Were his words on their purpose being first made known to them, "which I will ever consent to wear on my breast." A subscription is also being made for two swords, one a full dress, the other for actual service, both of which he has declared his willingness to accept. A Paris correspondent write* :—" We are now having splendid weather, clear and cold. The Bois de Boulogne is. indeed, gay ; skaters cover the lakes, while ladies in all the glory of velvets and fine furs line the walks by the side of the frozen surface. I have seen a few ladies skating, but in Paris females are rarely seen indulging in that graceful and exhilarating motion. Thank goodneus,we have no 'dreadful accidents' to record here; the ponds are nowhere more than four feet deep, and a careful and rigid police keep all persons off the ice until it can bear." It is stated that the late King of Prussia made his will in June, 1.849, at the residence of the then family minister, Prince von Wittgenstein, whither the King went whilst the Prince was ill. This will was afterwards exhi bited in the presence of the then ministers of state, Dr, Simons, M. Mien, and the deceased Privy Councillor von Rammer. Mince then many codicils have been added. On Wednesday the will left by the King was opened, in the presence of his successor, all the members of the royal family, and the principal ministers. It is said that his Majesty had expressed the wish that the palaces of Sans. Souci, Charlotioabarg, and SchOnlutesen might remain as residences for the Queen Dowager. THZ PAPAL CAUSE AND THE COUNT DE CHAN BORD. —The Poi Bretonite publishes the following letter written by the Coast de llsambord on the subject of one of the persons who d gore to Rome to enter the service of the Pope : " I well recognised the heart of your Km in his •ageruun to hasten with his young companions in arms tithe defence of the sacred right. of the chief of the church, and in his resolution not to quit Rome so long as , his arm and life might he useful to the service of religion and society. I congratulate and thank him for it. I offer to yourself my very sincere compliments in renewing the assurance of my constant affection.—Hx.val." THE FRENCH FLEET BEFORE GAETA. The French government have offered to Sardinia to withdraw the squadron under Admiral le Bar- bier de Titian from Gaeta, provided the Italian army will suspend their fire till the 18th or 19th inst. It in probable the government at Turin will await to these terms, if, se we understand, Admi ral Pernano, at the expiration of that term, is to be at liberty to pursue the operations no:emery toe the reduction of the place. Cm court. OSBORNE, JAN. 7. The Prince Con.ort, attended by Major Elphin stow, went over to Portsmouth this morning. Prince Alfred, attended by Major Du Plat and Major Cowell, arrived at Osborne today, from the continent. Lord De Tabley, Lard is Waiting ; Colonel H. Possonby, Equerry ; and Major Teesdale, Equerry ; left London on Saturday evening for Petulant, in order to be present as the pert of her Majesty, the Prince Consort, and the Prises of Wake, et the funeral of the late King of Prussia, els pointed to take place this day. Earl Granville hie left Osborne. Mr. Duncan Dunbar, &airman of the Local liArins Board of London, and Mr. Hoary Green, deputy chairman, had as interview with the Right Hon. T. Milner (.ib.oo, at the Board of Trade, yestenlay. Deepatches were received at the Colonial•ofilce from the governen of Mauritius sad (.Imada, yesterday. His Royal Highness the General Commanding in-Chief will hold a levee at 1 o'clock on Friday next, the 11th inst. The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter are entertataies a select arch at Burghley House, near Staam• feat, The Earl and Countess of Fife have left town on •A& to Yr. and Lady Catherine Ricardo. The noble earl and eo••teea will shortly leave &china on • continental tear. The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs. Herbert ban arrived in Bel e -rave•egaare, from Wilton, far a few days. _ Sir George Cornewall and Lady Thema Lewis returned to Kent House, yesterday, frees visiting the Earl sod Counters of Clarendon, at The Grove, near Watford. We (Port) are authorised to contradict the announcement of an Intended marriage between Sir David Baird. Bart., sad Lay Georgia Bajhe•Hamiltoo. Mr. and Lady Margaret Beaumont and family arrived os the terms, Plea&lly, last evening, from Bywell NeethuraberLuel. Her ladyship is still is a weak Ado d health. Remedial measures, with a view to affording peremsest relief, han been actively di►cussed at Coventry. bet of time eons seem to have ►ttained a practical realise. ties, with the exception of an orgaisintion for aiding the Amid weavers to " emigrate" to the oottoe.spianing dn. Webs of Lancashire. Lord Leigh and Mr. Braeebridp have contributed to this object. About 700 penoes have already been conveyed into Lasnuihire through this egersey. Altogether &boat 2.200 pining have left Coventry for the Laambire district, of whom it is estimated that 1,500 are estatally worlds, In the tends, the remainder being Finn. pally children oder twelve years of age. - It is proposed to establi4h a7large metropolitan Gemara betel, similar to the Great Western Railway Hotel, Pedikestes, the Victoria, Listen station, and the West. embisher Palace Hotel, is the neighbourhood of IR. Clements, is the bend, sad ekes spas the spot Dow occupied by Daseades, owe of the assaa extensive of the old ins, of Leaden in its byres amain. days. It will have the effect of clearing away Holywefl and Wych-streets, sad of widen ing this &rasa at that piint, and so render that thorough. has of we uniform width from Charing.crode to Temple ts', in oredimetios with the metropolitan improvements. The proposed capital of the enterprise is non,ooot. The War Department have mitered into a con nect for the 4110ii011 of a eoniniedious building at Fort Pitt Hospital, Chatham, to be used for the purposes of a museum, is whisk will be deposited the valuable cu:lvctiock of scientifie and other articles and 'peel:acts deposited now at Fort Pitt. The site for the new mnaeum has been marked out, and, after it has bees cleared, will be taken poemesion of, its situation being in close proximity to the lecture theatre, elaas-rooms, he.. of the young medical officers com posing the army medical school recently established at Chatham. The directors of the Atlantic Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company have Maned circulars dating that the steamship Prince Albert will sail cm the 23rd of Feb., and th►t their Dew fleet of steamers will be ready to ply rein. larly every fourteen days, according to contra,* after the 26th of Starlit next. LATEST INTmuCtENcE. PRUSSIA. PROCLAMATION OF THE KING. BERLIN, TUESDAY. A proclamation of King William 1., dated Ber lin, January 1, Tian been published. It is headed, "Tu my People." The proclamation commences he recalling the Aecere sufferings of the late king, and the profound grief at his death, and how with free and royal munificence he granted institutions the development of which WAS to realise the hopes of the country. The proclamation continues as followa : " To the King who knew Low to lay the founda that of such great things, and whose never-to-be forgotten words --q and nay house will serve the Lord'—have final my soul, a prominent place is duo in the glorious ranks of those monarchs to whom Prussia owes that greatness which made her the true representative of the German mind. I will faithfully guard that solemn bequest of my ansstors, which they have founded mid augmented with increasing can•, with their best energies, and at the risk of their lives. With pride I one myself surrounded by such a brave and faithful people, and by so glorious an army. My hand shall protect the welfare and the right of all in every class of the populatimi. It shall be extended to protect and -support the precious life of the nation. It is the destiny of Prussia not to devote her life to the en joyment of acquired geol. The conditions of her power are founded in the exertion of her spiritual mid ral forces, in the seriousness and thu truth fulness of her religious feelings, iu the combination of obedience with freedom, and in the strengthening of her military force. In this manner alone can she take her rank among the states of Europe. I re main fait h ful to the tradition of my house in proposing to myself the mission of elevating and of strengthening the patriotic spirit of my people. I will consolidate and build up the rights of the state on their historical basis, and I will maintain the institutions which King Frederick William IV. has brought into life. , Faithful to the oath I took on assuming the regency, I shall protect the constitution and the laws of the kingdom. May I, by the merciful aid of God, succeed in leading Prussia to new honours. My duties towards Prussia coincide with my duties towards Germany. As a German prince I am bound to strengthen Prussia in that position which, axording to her glorious history and the deve lopment of her military organisation, she must, for the good of all Germany, occupy among the German states. Confidence in the peace of Europe is shaken, but I shall endeavour I to preserve the blessings of peace. Dangers may nevertheless arise for Prussia and Germany. May the courage which trusts in God, and which has animated Prussia in her great periods, then mani fest itself in me and iu my people, and may the latter then stand firm by my side and follow me with faithfulness, obedience, and perseverance. May the blessings of God rest on the mission which His highest will has entrusted to me." FRANCE. PARIS, TVIIIIDAIN, 11.50 A.Y. The Bank of France has just raised its rate of discount from 5.1 to 7 per cent. DALMATIA. SPALA'7O, JAN. 7. The municipality of Spalate, in its own and in the name of 16 other communes of Dalmatia, has, on the basis of the imperial diploma and the cirvula of Baron Von &Linerling, protested against any acts in referenoe to the annexation of Dalmatia to Croatia, which are not supported by instructions given by the inhabitants of Dalmatia to their representatives. ITALY. BERNE, NolcoA r. Dr. Kern, the Swiss minister in Paris, in hie last report to the Federal Council, announces that the prevailing opinion in official quarters at Paris is that peace will be maintained, and states that Sar dinia is endeavouring to arrest the plans of the Garibaldiann, and hopes to succeed in her efforts. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. DRESDEN. Monur. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber the motives of the proposition of M. Braun, formerly minister, and M. Georgi in favour of Schleswig-Holstein, were explained by M. Braun. M. von Beust, the minister, applauded the atti tude of Prussia, whose overtures have everywhere met with approval and went, and said : " There is no doubt that the leadership of Prussia will be supported on all aides at the ap proaching discussion of the question by the Federal Diet. All the federal governments are ready to act in accord with Prussia, and even if necessary to take the field." In consequence of this declaration the Chamber declared it useless to proceed to a disco ion of the proposal of MM. Braun and Georgi. INDIA. The following telegraphic message has been re ceived at the India-Office : "BENARES, DEC. 11, 1580. "The Governor-General will hold a durbar at Bewares to-day for the reoeption of the Maharaja of Benares and the principal native gentlemen of the neighbourhood. "A deputation of about 100 of the most influen tial merchants of Benares voluntarily waited on the _ . . _ _ Coinmisaioner of Bemires and expressed entire con currence with the views of government regarding the income-tax. They gave in schedules of their property before the returns were issued. " The amount of duty collected on opium passes at Indere during the season just closed was—rupocs 2 crone, 19 lacs, and 92,000—the largest amount yet obtained in Maly*. " A supplemental treaty with the Nizam regard ing the assigned districts has been signed at Hyder abad. " The scarcity is severvly felt in the upper part of the north-western provinces, especially about Delhi and Agra. Employment is being largely given by government. "The crops below A:lalubsd and in Oude are abundant, and much grain is being exported to the upper provinces. " BOMBAY, Dsc. 12, 1860. "A disturbance on account of the income-tax occurred at Surat on November 29. The magis trate and superintendent of police promptly re paired to the spot and restored order. Several per sons found closing their shops were arrested and brought to trial. "A riotous demonstration against the income tax also occurred at Bassein, in the Tanna oolleeto rate, on the sth of December. The leaders have been arrested and are now on trial. Quiet has been restored. " Funds.—Fives, at 4 to 5 per cent. disoount : Fite-and-s-Half, from to 'per cent. premium." LORD PALMERSTON AT SOUTHAMPTON. LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THE HARTLEY INSTITUTION.—(THIS DAY.) (aura% nrsaux.) SOUTHAMPTON,ThosnAT. • -- - Lord Palmerston arrived here from his neat at fttoadlaud.• about 12 o'clock. He was received by thy Mayor, corporation, borough magistrates, and other gay. Omen. A procession was formed, which proceeded to the site of the building. The volunteer rifle corps, headed by ita band, accompanied the procession so a guard of honour. o n reaching the site the volunteers filed off in open column. An addres, was presented to Lord Palmerton, afte r which the MAYOR (Mr. Alderman Coles) requested his for id. ship to lay the corner stone of :the building, presenting him with a silver trowel. J. R. STEBBINO, Faq., one of the magistrates of the borough, delivered a brief address, thanking the noble visoount for his attendance, and detailing the leading features of the institution, which is to be devoted to literary and scientific purposes. The Rev. C. BRADSHAW then pronounced the benediction, and the ceremony closed, the band playing " Cod save the Queen." Nearly 1,000 persons were on the platform erected for their accommodation, and the streets were thronged with people. Lord Palmerston honon the Mayor with his presence to a dejedner at the Audit House this afternoon; about one huu. dred invitatious have been leaned by his worship. As long ago as July 31, 1807, the noble viscount was elected an honorary burgess of this corporation. ! I .1 THE DOUBLE MURDER IN MONAGHAN. A correspondent of the Dnblin Evening Mail writes from Monaghan • " A very horrible murder was committed about two miles from this village last Thursday night, or early on Friday morning. Two Robert and James Shaw, lived by themselves in the townland of Belderg. During the morn ing of Friday the house continued shut up, but as the men ware often away from borne no suspicion of anything extra. ordinary arose ,until the afternoon, when the house was entered by some person. A terrible scene then presented itself. Both men were found dead, the bodies bearing evi dent marks of gun-shot wounds. The police arrived soon after, and in the course of the evening two men were arrested on suspicion. On 13sturday the coroner arrived, and commenced his inquiry , but the inquest h as been adjourned to kfooday morning. The murder was pro. bsbly committed at midnight on Thursday, as some people living in the neighbourhood were awoke by the barking of dogs. Robert and James Shaw were unoffending men, holding small farms ; they were, however, pretty well to do in the world, and were in the habit of lending small sums out at interest. It is rumoured by their neighbours that they bad made enemies in consequence of exacting a high rate of interest." The following is from the Northrrit Whig :—" It becomes :le painful duty to inform you of the perpetration of one the most appalling murders that ever filled the ann a l s of crime in Ireland. Two brothers, James and Robert Shaw, resided entirely by themselves on a farm in the town of Belderg, in the barony of Trough, about four miles from the town of Monaghan sad two from Glass. lough. A person who bad some business to transact with them on Friday last reached the house about 2 o'clock, when, horrible to behold, be found the brothers both lying across the threshold of their own door, shot dead. So close was the w eap on they used that the skulls were completely out, and looked an if they had been shattered with a hatches. The residence of these men in in • most peaceable and populous district. At present it is difficult to arrive at any came for the perpetra. Lion of the horrid crime. The polimo have been in active and diligent search for information, but as yet no light haa been thrown on the dark deed. A post-mortem examine. Mon of the bodies was made by Mr. Young of Monaghan, assisted by Dr. Douglas of Glasslough. These gentlemen are of opinion that there must have been at least four per. sons engaged in the minder, as there were both bullet and shot wounds on the beads of the murdered men. Two men are in custody of the police, and are remanded until an adjourned meeting of the jury on Monday next (this day).^ Pinissomaraz Eutcrios.—The High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire has fixed the nomination of candidates for Pembrokeshire, on account of the death of the late Earl Cawdor, for Monday next. The candidates are Mr. G. Lort Phillips, in the conservative interest, and Mr. Owen, who avows himself a " moderate reformer," and a sup. porter of the present government. The contest excites in unusual amount of interest in the county, and is expected to be very severe, both parties declaring their determination to go to the poll. A contest for the representation of the county is a very rare occurrence in this district. DEATH OF Da. NOBLE, M.P. FOR LEIcEsTER.-•• Tbe mournful intelligence of the death of Dr. Noble, one of the members for Leicester, was telegraphed from the ceased to that town yesterday . (Monday). The de. gentleman bad been travelling Sin, and was on his way from Seville to rejoin his family at Pau. but he died suddenly at Malaga, on Sunday morning, in his sixty. fifth year. The hon. gentleman was returned by the advanced liberals at the last general election as the successor of Sir Joshua Walmaley, whose defeat be gallantly gave the elec. torn an opportunity to redeem. Deceased was a la widower, and has left a son and two ,ughters. From the divided state of the liberals the conservatives are already on the alert, and Mr. J. D. Harris, a local gentleman, who coin. nuithe support of liberals and conservatives, is already in the field. -- THE NEW PULPIT AT ST. PAUL'A—The new marble pulpit, a memorial to the late Captain Fitzg . sn who served in India, by his fellow-officers, has been in ita position for the special evening services, whit wi ll commence on the 27th inst. The pulpit, which is corn. posed of costly marble of various descriptions, is hexagonal in plan, and reds on a slab of Cork marble, upon which is a sub-base of white-veined Carrara. Upon this sub-basement, at its outer edge, rise 12 columns ' which, with their bum and capitals, are 5 feet 7 j inches in height, their bases being of the Attic section, and formed of Plymouth black marble. The capitals are of modified Corinthian design. The shafts of the columns are of divers marbles —those at the extreme angles of the hexagonal plan, six iu number, being of Cork marble, two of lions, green Mom North Wales), two of Plymouth grey, and two of verde antique. The floor at the basement level is inlaid in starlike patters, in Plymouth marble, black and grey, C marble, Cork sod s alabaster, the whole of which are joined with perfect pre. claim. The designs for the pulpit were furnished by 3lr. F. P. Penrose, the architect to the cathedral. FATAL AcCIDEHT AT THE PIMLICO RAILWAY BTartox.—An inquest was yesterday held by Mr. Bedford, coroner, at St. Ceorge's Hospital , on the body of Samuel Crabtree, aged 52, a master carpenter. Deceased was etr gaged at the Victoria station of the London, Chatham, and , Dover Railwa in the erection clan engine station. On the afternoon of t he lit inst. he was on the roof of the building, when suddenly miming his footing, he fell to the ground, • depth of 25 feet, and without loss of time was conveyed to the hospital, where it was found that several of his ribs were broken, and that he was suffering from severe internal injuries, which resulted in his death two days afterwards. Mr. Craves, the railway police inspector, said that deceased was a sober, jovial man, and five minutes before the &mi • dent he wished witness a happy new year. The jury re. turned a verdict of " Accidental death. THE ACt ; IDHAT TO THE EXPREIH ON THE LONDON AND NORTH WPATERN RALLWAY.—on inquiry laid night at the Easton Hotel, it was ascertained that Mr. Appleby, of Sevencaks, who was seriously injured about the head and face, was prcgreasing favourably under the hands of the medical officer to the railway company, and in a fair way of speedily recovering, being able to et up, read, and converse, and it is hoped that in a few days be will be able to leave for home. The company have forwarded an official account of the catastrophe to the Railway De. pertinent of the Board of Trade, prior to the Visit of the government inspector, who between this and the adjourned inquest will inquire into the circumstancee connected with the accident. In the meantime, during all yesterday and Sunday, the engineers and officers of the line, au pursuance of the recommendation of the coroner sod jury, have been instituting a rigid investigation, and report, ro far as they have been able to ascertain, that both the rails and the road were free from obstruction, and that there wait no undue strain upon the couplings, nor is it considered by any means probable that the intense cold of the night, in conjunction with any undue strain, could have had the effect of causing them to soap launder. THE LATE COLLIERY EXPLOSION AT Intelligence from the pit's mouth, up to Friday, states that only two bodies remain unrecovered, and that strong hopes are entertained that the men who are constantly engaged below in the arduous labour of clearing the dcbria will be enabled to di/entomb the last human remains, and bring them to the surface before the end of the present week. The state of advan ce d &corn. position and mutilation in which the bodies of men and horses are found, renders the search in the pit an ex tremely trying task, and the men have to be relieved by fresh " shifts "at comparatively short intervals. It is for. tunate that, under the careful supervision of Mr. Brough, the government impactor, and Mr. Palmer, of Bristol, who represents the comp's', no lives haws been lost in prose. cutiog this protracted search after the dead. On Thum day Mr. Brough. asempansed by Mr. T. Evans (governs ment inspector for Olainorganshire dietriro,w as engaged in making his official examination of the workings, which ex animation was resumed on Friday. The inquest will, as before stated, be held at the Albert Inn, Rises, to-morrow, when doubtless a large number of witnesses will be ex amined. Amongst them, perhaps, th e most im portant will be the government inspectots, whose report is looked for. ward to with deep interest. &NIEL AHONO THE PLYIFOLTH CAE PROPRIE• TORA.—Plymotith stre ets . yesterday morning, for the first time for • long period, were perfectly free from cabs or hackney °caches, in conaequenoe of the proprietors not Laving succeeded in their resistance of some new rule. el the conanainoners. C