The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-08 00:00:00

theeirrprtoo. rise of rents has swelled them 11dd:little • !sables. and made one cute of all who lisis s on est stirs surplus. These changes against the s piri t of lib in favour of aristocracy hive not counte or even combated by the Reform of 1830. That an association should not have existed for carrying out a real and equable reform was a disgrace only to be explained by the supposition that such an idea was too generally felt and acted on to need a special association. For without such a body ideas in this country, however popular and just, are apt to be stifled and to perish. Thanks to its cou rageous and able president, the present association has been organised, and kept in activity and growth. The sums that were subscribed at the meeting of yesterday sufficiently attest its vitality and promise. We would, however, strongly recommend that not only its principles (thetare irreproachable), but its con duct should be such es to conciliate the great, talented, and avowed leaders of the middle classes. To denounce them for slight differences, or even mis givings, to cavil with their separate plans, to alienate or disgust them, could nave but the effect of confining the Association to persons who, however pure, well-in tentioned, and really moderate their views, have not the confidence of the country, and would not be apt men to lead a great antrcombined movement of the intelligent and propertied, as well as of the industrious clue... OUTGOING MAILS. Thu sae for British North Mamie' and the United States will be aside sp on the elening of Jan. 11. The West India Malls. t 'minding Bermuda, flavanosb, Nunn, Honduras, New Orleans, sad Mexico, aail including tbees for Madeira, St. Joan-de-Niaranna, New Granada , and Peramill be made up ou Jan. 17. Tbo malls foe Liaises, Spain, and Gibraltar will be made sp es Jas. 17. The malls foe Gibraltar, Malta, Went, tho lonian lolanda, Serpi, Ceylon, India, sad Chios. via Soutbasipton, will be leads as tle• ovenise of Jas. 19. Tbo main blarseillie, to the Mediterranean, Egy t 31, C( ilia, bulls, Hoag-Kong, As., will be undo op an e ermine of Jan. 23. TM mails foe Ille•Mis, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayres,will beau& up ea ths main of F.-b. 4. KUM WATER AT LONDON NUDGE. 0 6 ,-Olar•lms,MlL. ika AlWawa. Mt. 41a. ..a..—Yer5ag,1111.16A..........A/Amass,ll 110 s. LONDON', TUESDAY, JANUARY 8. lenni:oAT was celebrated in a numerous and enthusiastic raettisg the first anniversary of the National Reform Association. No popular move ment has sprung up in Ragland out of more manifest injustice and more crying abuse, yet never have any been conducted with greater prudence, calmness, and circumspection. Born in evil times, when popular rights abroad, too long oppressed, had been vin dicated in all the fury of excess, a sense of panic and a tendency to reaction pervaded not only the upper, but too many of the middle make. Even In 1t , 19, therefore, not • few loaked upon reform with suspicions eyes; and it was counselled to apply the popular lever to financial extravagance, leaving the authors of, and the profiters by that extravagance to perpetuate their power, and renew, if they could notcontinur, their hereditary repast upon the national resources. The Association, however, boldly refused to confine itself to pulling off dead leaves, when the great branches of the tree were rotten, and when even the trunk menaced premature decay. It was but too evident that the evil lay in the monopoly, and consequent abuse of political power, and that this monopoly was rooted in the limited and unequal distribution of the franchise. This troth, and the frankness with which it was spokes, gained universal adhesion. From towns the most remote. as well as from p ipulationa the most enlightened, the cry came echoed back ; and branch associations in the provinces, with sentiments and purposes akin to the metropolitan movement, left even that movement behind in energy and zeal. What is the aim, it will be asked, upon which this aseociatedmass of grievance t talentenergy, and power are concentrated? The aim is the emancipation of the industrious classes of the country from the thrall of a few men of one-sided and old-fashioned interests, who have inherited the right to govern England without any larger portion of honesty or wisdom, or even of wealth, than is possessed by those over whom they insist on preserving their ascendancy. The present, as we take it, is not a struggle of the low against the high, or of the ignoble against the noble. The intelligence, the industry, and the active wealth of the country congregated in towns and popu lous districts are, in fact, politically speaking, enslaved to the hereditary stupidity, the idleness, the passive wealth and baneful privileges of the lords of the soil, who perpetuate the possession of that soil in them selves or their descendants as a caste, and who keep by way of appanage to this caste as complete a parliamen tary and political ascendancy, as the Egyptian pried hood arrogated to themselves over their lay and subject brethren. Take the great towns of the kingdom, containing Gee-fourth of the population and of the electoral body. They have no more voice or influence in the le ture than some forty pocket boroughs in the bands of landlords. Add to these the county members, and it is plain that Saxon England was never more at the mercy of the Normans after the conquest, than civil and industrial England is at this moment under the thrall of its feudal proprietors. The counter argument is, that these feudal pro- prietors do not abuse their power, and that either out of fear or consideration they allow the Saxon subjects certain portions of their ancient liberty and law. The Lords have passed reform, and even repealed the corn law ; we answer, they unify the one each day, and may restore the other to-morrow. The people of England thus enjoy their rights on sufferance. For tunately for them the aristocratic party is too large for all to feed on place and share power equally amongst them • and one section is, from time to time, compelled to c all the people to their support. And thus, indeed, have the geople won whatever liberties they have lately been put in possession of. Bat even this "artful dodge" of aristocracy is fast failing the liberal cause. All portions of the aristocratic interests have now come to an understanding; or if they do keep up war for form and professional interests, it is but the old fight of the Condottieri, where all the combatants are paid, but none slain. The question is, are the people of England—for the farmer and the peasant are as much industrial, and as much dependent, as the operative and his employer —are the people of England minors, to be kept in a state of tutelage—their pecuniary and political affairs managed for them, not by them?. That is the point. The Englishman has been a long time in a course of education and of growth. Centuries enough have gone over his head to make him a man. And he has bat to think and to say so, in order to be so. The monopolists of electoral power tell him that he is a child, and would dreadfully and dangerously mis manage his affairs if he took them in hand. The Reform Associations, on the other hand, lidos's& him that his af fairs could not be worse managed than they have been, and that the Englishman is taxed, burdened, and fed upon in a way that the man of no other country is. None will lighten his burden save himself, or such politicians as will listen to him, appreciate him, com prehend and represent him. It is for John Bull to choose ; and not merely the half or wholly disfranchised Englishman of the native race, bat his brother abroad ; the colonial John, who pays his Civil List to keep op the Cockatoo-men, as the Australian aborigines call their plumed governors; who is compelled to take his politicians and officia/e, his officers and defenders, his judges and lawyers, his bishop and clergy, all from the mother country, so prolific in plowmen. Not a chance is there for colonial John, but to plough, and to shear, and to traffick. To rap the fruits of idleness is not for him; this id the chance of the political monopolist. The colonial Englishman therefore will aid his brother at home is throwing open the folding gates, or, if no massy, riding over the breach into the great political rotten borough. What is wanting, both at home and in the colonies, for such an effort is, not the will, but the way—a way honourable and effectual, constitutional and safe. 'I hese are days in which popular power and popular enthusiasm have been misdirected and abused. We have already marked this as one of the great obatruc times to the cause. There have been communists, and free-soilers, and repudiators—men who would go about to ameliorate the condition of the poorer classes by destroying that property which is the fruit of past industry, and the motive power of present. It is such schemes as these that drive the middle, and even the labouring class, to bow their heeds to absolutism and military tyranny. The Reform Association has, however, kept clear, more clear than many agricultural and high class meetings, of such topics and principles as these. It is essentially an argumentative, not a theoretic agita tion. It takes society as Clod and men have made it, and would bring it back to its own old, original prin ciple, instead of introducing any new. The British constitution intended that all payers of rates and dues should vote for members of parliament If counties and boroughs had members, it was in pro portion to their importance and their wealth. Nor could it be intended that the proportions of these, which prevailed in the 18th and 17th centuries, should be maintained for iniquitous purposes in the 19th. The British constqution was never intended to be worked by compulsory votes. There was some independence even in semi-feudal times. Since then the yeomen and the small prc prietur have disappeared from the soil; tradesmen have become more and more deendent an fashion able sad wealthy customers. The ballot alone can restore the i that cow existed. The British coned on never intended that great lords should mon op olise parliamentary power. Of old there existed a class of smaller gentry, who sympathised in creed and politics with t h e townsfolk, and often did both join together against the crown. Thaw, toN has disappeared-the Trot retirement, or menaced retirement, of Mr. 1 Jonte O'CONNELL from the duties of politically pre scribing for Ireland, and the entrance of Mr. Joan Bitiont upon that task, are indicative of a change of , scene and of action, and even of the dramatis in the tragi-comedy of Irish history. The iron; empty agitation, as a source of private revenue or , party speculation, is lost in the fdds of the Millar curtain. Mr. BRIGHT'S powerful soliloquy tells a tale of positive misfortune, and proposes a remedy of practical measures. The land, says Mr. Barium., is the sole industry. almost the sole capital, certainly the sole resource of the Irishman. But the land has been for centuries monopolised by another and a conquering race, who have built political power upon its monopol7, and de• rived wealth from its unaided natural fertility—un aded by more than the labour and the manure heap of the peasant. Had even what was taken from the fields of Ireland been returned to it, either in the shape of money or ammonia, it would have brought increase. But the proprietor and the occupant of the Irish soil have both an interest in exhausting it, and with it beggaring themselves. Give the cultivator of the soil a permanent interest la it, is Mr. Woofer's simple advice, which he would do in those circuitous ways which the state of law and property in that country permit'. Mr. Butiotrr, as fully impressed as any one, how mach of Irish ill is due to moral and political causes, still dwells but li4htly and generally upon these, directing the attention and the energies of his Anglo-Irish audience to the removal of palpable wrongs and physical obstruction in the way of the country's prosperity. Whilst seeking to introduce this new mode of Irish agitation, and to turn its discontent from the senti mental to the real, Mr. BRIGHT is assailed with reproach that he has made no wondrous discovery. It is, indeed, to be lamented that the science of poli tics is not that of mechanics or chemistry, replete with wonders. What statesman is an inventor? Where in the political world is the steam, or the iron road, or the gun-eotton of our day? What did Purr invent, of which his children might be proud? Fox spoke much that was eloquent, forcible, liberal, and true, but what did he discover? What did PEEL, what has COBDEN invented ? Have not both picked up ideas, like pebbles rolling on the current of life, which they have polished, and set, and made their own and iden tified themselves with? But for originality of concep tion, indispensable as it is for poets, we have never heard that it was required of politicians. If there be nothing transcendentally new in Mr. BRIGHT'S views of Ireland, he has at least one merit, he avoids the agile and the superannuated. Mr. BRIGHT does not attribute Irish suffering to the peo ple happening to be of Celtic race. That ' , eland was behind England in agricultural and industrial deve• lopment, in constitutional experience and religious change, Mr. BRIGHT no doubt attributes to one island being more remote than the otner from the European centres of education, of enlightenment, of po pulation, and of commerce. What has not England learned from Holland and from Flanders, and at a time when it was keeping Ireland under 'by force of arms and by rigour of iniquitous laws? Whilst deve lopieg her own freedom, constitution, and commercial prosperity, England kept Ireland in a state et serfage, and did so, not because it was Saxon and Ireland Celt, but because it was more populous, powerful, and rich. Having thus kept Ireland forcibly two or three cen turies behind her in civilisation, England,whenever she made any great step in opinion or in polity, insisted on dragging Ireland with her, and forcing Ireland to adopt the same. England was ripe for the reformation in the sixteenth century : Ireland was not ; but Eng land went to work with cannon and sabre to make her : and haring only partially succeeded, under CROM WELL and ILLIAM, she sulkily condemned the Irish to a century of social and political Helotism. And this Helotism Ireland endured up to three quarters of a century ago. And, now, for sooth, because Ireland is not on a par with us, does not love us, sympathise with us, or adopt our ideas on industry and on politic., she is Celt, is our inferior. We Saxons ate " born lords," as Mr. CARLISLE arranges whites and blacks. It is the persons who preach such doctrines u this, who can never pacify Ireland. And when these per sons actually represent the ideas of the government, and perform the func'iots of their political organ, is it a wonder that the whigs are unpopular in Ireland' Mr. BitiGnr stands up as the antagonist of such mistaken and degrading theories. He declares the ills and the backwardness of Ireland to be owing to past misrule and to present persistence in the con sequence and dregs of that misrule, in tl'e mainten ance of agrarian ascendancy and monopoly titer political privileges have been abolished. Instead of this philosophy of Mr. BRIGHT'S adding inveteracy or instilling disaffection icto the Irish heart, it, on the contrary, extracts from Engligh pride its ill-foucded sense of superiority, and from Irish recrimination its natural and indelible bitterness. He points to Englishmen how they cm repair, to Irish men how they may forget. He indicates to English statesmen remedies and measures, of whose worth and necessity they may not be ignorant, but which they are totally unequal to perform and unable to carry, unless such men as Mr. BRIGHT sway and turn the popular mind of England to their support. In the utter incapacity of our aristocratic legislature to grapple with Irish distress, or to consent to the abandonment of those privileges and that monopoly from which these safferiugs spring, the only hope for Ireland is in popular agitation. But popular agitation in Ireland, managed as it has been of late by the puerile and the selfish, turns inevitably against the popular cause. And therefore it is that a political agitation in England for Ireland would be one of the greatest of blessings to both, would be a bond of peace, and good feeling, and mutual trust I between them, and would do more for the great task of pacification and redemption than any amount or series of ministerial nostrums, timidly conceived, grudgingly held forth, and, as is ever the case, in the end, most mercilessly and wantonly stilled. Tux readers of the Express must have seen in many of its articles during the last month a belief and an indication that ministers intend to introduce some measure for the extension of the suffrage both in Ireland and in England. The Weekly Chronicle having announced the contemplation of this measure, the Times of this morning admits that it is so. "The minibteriatMeasnre," it nix, " a ppears to be rather a development thane novelty, or, to speak with still mere strictness, it will probably aim at carrying oat those intentions of the Reform Act which have been frustrated by accident or neutralised by time." In other words, ea we declared • long time since, ministers cannot allow the Irish to remain with a franchise that comprises only a few thousand elec tors ; whilst they cannot introduce any broader prin ciple for the sake of widening the Irish franchise without extending the same to England. PLOI7O/1 MONDAY *A? TEM MANSION-HOUSE.— Tbs. Lord Mayor tad Lady Mayoress, wording to ancient coe•em, entertained the gentlemeo connected with the formal email departments of the corporation at dinner. Cvvere wars laid LA sixty, end the party broke up abut eleven o'clock highly delighted. Before leering each gentleman ono presented with a service consisting of cake and sweet meat for the pew brenaltse of Oak leveral Mingle& THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1850. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAT 630 P.M, has rMg TO M. Thiene, it is not pro tection that i e ltd French trade. It bad been 'said by eminent publicists that the decay of French navi gation was owing to the system of protection carried out in France; for the produce of other countries Wag refused, French produce was rejected in turn, and bona the decay of French trade. This, said M. Thiers, is a radical error. Protection had not caused the decline of navigation ; on the contrary it hadcreated two of the greatest products of height that exist is the world : namely cotton and coal. These prodests hsd been seized by England and the United Status, who monopolized them. The result was that in the coasting trade the French were completely beaten by the Engludnand in the long sea trade by the Americans. To compete with either cf these powers is not within the scope of M. Thiers' mind to advise. His ides, therefore, is, that France should preserve her reetrio tive tariffs. But let France also preserve in the name of protection the only trade it has left, that of South America. In no other place, says M. Thiers, can hopes be entertained of the prosperity of the French flag. Being under the influence of such ideas, it is not extraordinary to find M. Thiers urging by all the means in his power the assertion of French supremacy in South America. He declared himself entirely op posed to the ideas of government on this most im portant subject. Valueless and of small weight were the arguments made use of by the ministry. Fears for European complications were groandku, and he did not believe in them. The question, above all, was an American one. England, indeed, had greater interests at Buenos Ayres than at Monte Video, but England could not but recognise the right of France to make war on Ragas. England would no more prevent or atop French interference at La Plata than at Mexico and in Morocco. She had not said a word against the Mexican occupation by the American., not a word when California was obtained. She could not stop French interference in South America. Therefore the question was an American one, and could involve no European complications. M. Thiers then entered into an analysis of the trade of South America. He showed that the trade of 160 millions of francs yearly must infallibly increase, in a country where progression was three times as great as in other countries. French bottoms were all em ployed, therefore untouched by the c impetition of I navigation by South Americans. The advantages were these—and how immense. No rivals and an immense future development. But, in order to obtain these advantages, the respect due to France must be maintained, for nowhere has trade more want of protection than in South America. " If you can prove to me that after the signal weak- nese which you showed ten years since, and which yon now show more exaggerated than even then, if you prove that you can appear in the ports of South America and be respected, then lay aside honour and humanity. I have said that we could not, and my assertion has not been contested. I courted en in quiry. I demand it again to-day. I have said that French people were plundered and massacred. Their blood cries for vengeance, and I persist in allying that the French have not had that protection which they were bound to expect." Thus it was evident that the government were not justified in declaring that there were at La Plata but a few imprudent Frenchmen, whose case must be admitted to be interesting, but not sufficiently important to necessitate war. M. Thiers then entered into the details of the geo graphical question. lie showed the superior ity of Montevideo over Buenos Ayres. He said that if a certain number of French traders had gone to the latter port, it was with the ultimate hope of returning to Monte Video. With out the port nearest to the sea, the trade with La Plata would be at an end. France could not obtain respect from the Argentina republic if the Uruguay were not independent. It was a great mistake to suppose that Roses had no infantry, and that, on the approach of an enemy, he would fly into the Pampa with his cavalry and become impregnable. Rosen, en the contrary, had succeeded in forming an infantry; not a good one, he admitted, but still fit for many of the purposes of ordinary troops. This very infantry was paid by Roses with the proceeds of the river taxes ; and, if the mouths of these rivers were given to him, he would obtain the complete means of causing himself to be respected, and France would be deprived of every possibility of trading with safety. It was, therefore, of the greatest importance that Uruguay should be independent. Then with respect to the Brazils, he could tell them that the Munition of the Europeans was most precarious. The Brazils were now in the same situation as the Argentine republic before Roses was placed at its head. That part of the population of the Brazils which lives under European customs was in direct opposition to the other, which represented all the ravage passions of America. The existence of the Europeans was threatened, and the Brazils had every fear of Roans as of an agent who had the power to mite the flag of revolt in a population of four millions of slices. Brazils had formerly supported French in tervention, simply because the abandonment of Monte Video would result in the capture of Paraguay by the Argentines; and once this result attained, the Brazils must be in imminent danger. It is needless to enter into the history of the ten years' struggle into which M. Thiers then en tered. Touching upon the Lepredonr treaty, he said that it was much less the obscurity that was com plained of than the deplorable clearness of his clauses. It yielded everything, and he confessed that he was ashamed for his country, that seeing its evident in terests involved, he found people increasing, in their imaginations, the dangers of an expedition. He would ask h ad not the Americans taken Mexico with 5,000 men ? Had not England brought China to reason with 7,000 men ? The Chamber to-day was occupied till half-past three in voting for the president of the Chamber. All parties seemed to have agreed again to choose M. Dupla, who at four o'clock was declared elected by 377 votes ; M. Michel de Bourger having obtained 166, M. Dufaure 17, and M. Odilon Barret 21. The Assembly then commenced tke discussion of the amendments on the La Plata question, and was left at :post-hour debating on the proposition of M. Granier—that the convention of June 12, 1844, should be denounced. A great noise has been made to-day by some curious disclosures as to the connection of the govern ment with the press Yesterday appeared the first number of a political weekly journal entitled Le Nnpokon, which had been announced as being under the patronsge of the Elysee. This journal contains a dead attack upon the majority of the Chamber, in the following terms : With mad to the feeble majority given to the late mea sures of the government, certain journal., whose intentions are open to doubt, advise the ministry to retire. They pre tend, ins:ening on certain customs of the past, that, after such chocks, ministers who respect themselves can no longer remain in office. These journals are or feign to be ignorant of what is now the position of the respon.ible head of the ex. anti" government. In the new order of things, so long es the minister, enjo the confidence of the President they me e t with no check . t. Once for all, we inform the obstinate de fenders of the old constitutional routine, tha the chief of the state will retain his ministers is spite of jealous attacks, sad that tie deplorable teet of ministerial instability will not be produced spin at the will of parliamentary ambitions. The paragraph just quoted appeared last night in the Pottle and the Mon'teur &sir in the place where semi-official articles are generally inserted, and no trace of its source was visible. Its official charac ter has since beoome undeniable, from the feet that the paragraph in question was sent round to all the journals from the ministry of f deign affairs. The Opinion PuUique adds that a person presented him self at its office, as sent by the minister of foreign affairs to declare, as not apocryph a l, b a t s i mp l y ex tracted from a journal entituled the Napoleon, the note in question. The same thing seems to have happened to the Union, which says: This note, which was given in two of the evening journals. was forwarded to us under the caver of the ministry of tents affair., with the word communique. In the evening, a person who declared himself to be a n em pl o ye o f t h e ca bi net, came and informed us that the note had been sent without the consent of the Waist. r, and that we were requested to consider the note as having been eent. At the Assembly to-day the ministers all denied any responsibility in the articles just quoted from Le Napoleon. The vote on the La Plata question will show whether the President is right or not to enter the Het against the majority of the Assembly. Major-General Larrin has just died in Paris, of an rasa of apoplexy. Marshal Duke de Ragusa and Admiral Baudin have arrived in Paris. A number of Eoglish capitalists, original share holders in the Bordeaux and Cette, end Lyons and Avignon Railway companies, have addressed a letter to the Minister of Public Works, statine the satisfaction they had felt at seeing a proposition brought before the Legislative Assembly by the government, which would tend to ameliorate their psalm by connecting them with a great and na tional enterprise, and expressing their deep regret at the adjournsiest of the prompt realisation of their hopes. They conclude by respectfully request ing the minister to take into oonsideritlort the jbst claims of a number of French and English citizens whose fortunes have been invested in railway enter prises, and to return to them the caution-money which has been deposited, a determination which they regard at once as equitable in principle, and as in parfait harmony with the sentiments of honour and f=sity which have always charadterised the nation. A violent inundation has just taken place at the Ile Rouse, in Corsica, by which much damage has been done. Two houses were washed down, a young girl perished in the ruins, and two other persons were mortally wounded. Almost all the orange and lemon -66 oyes in the rich valley between the Le-Rouse and Sants-Reparata were carried away by the torrent. One garden alone was estimated at 60,000 fr., the total damage is calculated at 400,000 tr. A letter from Lons-le-Saulnier states that on the high mountains near that place the snow hes to the 1 depth of nearly ten feet. At Motu the communica tions are completely intercepted. At Nozeray the snow is more than three feet deep, and when the account came off wu still falling, and all the roads in the commune are completely blocked up. More than fifty waggoners, with their vehicles, are bkeked up at Censeau. At Lons-le-Seulnier the snow wu lying so deep in the streets that persons could not leave their houses, and everyone was in consternation. 8 P.M. CONCLUSION OP MONDAY'S SITTING. (By Express.) M. (itemised; amendment was put and rejected. The President then read divers amendments proposed, in order that the Assembly might fix the order in which they were to be taken. The committee declared that it refused its adhesion to all the orders of the day that were presented as amendments to its resolu tion, and remained firm in its motion to the following effect :—" The National Assembly invites the execu tive power to support the negotiations which it intends to continue by forces proper to ensure them success, and to protect the French at La Plata. The President then read M. de Rance's amend ment as follows :—" Considering that the Lepredonr treaty has not been submitted to the ratification of the National Assembly; considering that the govern ment declares its intentions to continue negotiations, with the object of guaranteeing the honour and in terests of the republic, and that under under every circumstance the French at La Plata will be seriously protected against any eventualities on the barks of the Rio de Plata, the Assembly passes to the orders of the day." A short discussion ensued between the President and some members of the Mountain on the question of priority, the Assembly deciding that M. de Rance's amendment should be tint decided. M. de Ranc€ then developed his amendment, which was objected to by M. Dare, in the name of the committee. M. Daru said that the committee would surrender its opinions to no parliamentary influence, and would persist in its first resolution. 'the committee did not intend to follow a policy which had been hitherto powerless; some efficacious course was necessary. The amendment of M. de Rancr had a close resemblance to the course advocated by the government, and the Assembly should decide between the two motions of the boo. members above named and the committee. MM. Lecomte and Carteret withdrew their amend ments, and re-allied to that of y. de Rance. A vote was then taken on M. de ltance's amend ment, to which the government, through the month of the minister of hnance, adhered. The following result appeared : For the amendment Against . 338 . 300 Majority 3B The first article of the government project, which opens to the minister of foreign affairs a credit of 1,800,000 fr., destined to pay the subsidy voted in ad vance, in favour of the Oriental republic, was then adopted, as also the formal clauses 2 and 3. The Assembly then voted the law as a whole (,f ensemble) by 496 against 88. The sitting was then adjourned, the Chamber having fixed the debate on the law respecting primary teachers for the 14th inst. PARIS, Ja.N. 7. For i Money. For Account. ILlghset. Lowest. Closing. , 3 per Cents. ,57 0 1, 57 to 57 25 67 iS 87 25 5 per Cents. 193 15 92 90 92 23 32 90 93 20 99 .5 do. New Losn. . 1 , II w „ w te per Oasts. , al . 25 w w 99 91 4 per Cents. ; 72 30 .. .. " w Exchange on Lender : 30 dajn i 25 45 • 90 days, 95 32g Belgian, 5, 1930 Do. S. 11143 1.909 44 Do. Si ...... ... — „ Bank Shares Boossa.—Parts and Orleans, 805 ; Paris and Rouen, 582 50 ; Bien and Havre, 242 50; AVWDOrnand Marsei ll es, 215 ; Strasbourg and Basle, 112 50; Orleans and liordeaus, 425; Paris and Strasbourg, 360; Tours and Santee, 270; Dieppe and Fecamp, 175; VersaPlel (right bank), 207 SO; do. (left bank), 167 50; Orleans and %lemon, 31u; liontereau and Troyes, 115. MADRID, Dec. 3l.—Three per Centa, soi paper, Four per Centre.. 1,4 paper. Ere per Cents., 13t paper. Cuupona, bi paPe Bank of St. Ferdinand, BG. Urbanise on London, $0.3.1. ITALY. SARDINIA.—The Chamber of Deputies of Turin was definitively constituted on the 31st ult. M. Traschini, the senior member, addressed a few words to the Chamber previous to leaving the chair, which he had provisionally filled, recommending all parties to follow a conciliatory course. M. Pinelli, the new president, then took the chair, and in a tem perate speech described the political situation of the country, and the duties it imposed upon the Chamber, Immediately after, M. Nigro, minister of finance, laid • bill before the house, authorising the provisional collection of taxes, tiU the budget of 1850 had been approved ; as also a bill of indemnity for the collec tion of the taxes of December last, without the pre , vinus authorisation of parliament. M. Galvagno, mi nister of the interior, read a sort of political programme, enumerating the various laws which would be laid before the Chamber, and concluding with the following words : " It is our wish to observe treaties, to be friendly towards real friends, and independent with every one." M. d'Azeglio, president of the council, then ascended the tribune, and laid before the house the bill for the ratification of the treaty of pesos concluded with Austria on the 6th of August last, at Milan. It is believed the Chamber will vote it without discussion. HAMBURG, JAN. 3. The corporation of the sixty (das Sicheziger Col legium) discussed, yesterday, the sketch for a new constitution, as drawn up by the committee of nine, and rejected it by a large majority (36 to 11). The senate will, however, go on with it, sending the pro ject to the corporation of the 180, and then to the convent, in which the latter have seats and votes ; but so have the aldermen of all the trades, and they exercise a great deal of influence on all the freeholders belonging to their respective trades. Should they, therefore, be in favour of the senate's motion, it will be carried in spite of the opposition of the ancients and sixty. (the former are part of the latter, both be ing again part of the 180). It is certain that the Prussian troops will not leave us before these differences are settled; indeed, the senate would not wish it; but whether they will go then is another question. They are a heavy charge CM our city budget. The Prussian soldier, who behaved very well until now, have been very riotous recently, and have struck and wounded several persons in the streets daring the evening. Last night some of our soldiers came into contact with them, and got a thrashing. The Prussians were, however, arrested by the mili tary patrols. Those who committed disturbances a few nights ago, and were arrested, have been severely punished by their officers, and the order not to visit public-houses, given long since, was renewed. A sharp frost set in again the night before last, and the Elbe is again obstructed. Two Hull steamers, however, got up the Elbe yesterday, as far u Gluck stria, but the London steamer, with the mails, did not reach farther than Cozhaven. Zbe Court. WINDSOR, JAN. 7. The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual morning walk. The royal family took walking and pony exercise in the Slopes and Windsor-park. His Royal Highness Prince Albert went eat shooting this morning, accompanied by the Doke de Nemours, the Prince de 1f..!:• 4 .!! . t, azd the bake &Auras'', and attended by Colonel Bon. C. B. Phipps, Colonel Berkeley Drummond, and Colonel F. H. Seymour. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess de Ns. moues left Windsor Cutle this afternoon. The Bishop of Manchester also left the castle. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Rent has, we heir, taken Abergeldie, a delightful seat adjoining the royal domain of Belmoral, for her residence eat autumn. The Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt held a quarterly meeting yesterday, at the official residence of the Chancellor ot the Exchequer, in Dawning-street. There were present the Governor of the Bank of England, the Accountant-General ot the Court of Chancery, and the Deputy-Governor of the Bank. Mr. Hignam, Bocretary and Comptroller-General to the Com missioners, was in attendance. ' The Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord President of the Council) arrived in town yesterday, from his seat, Bowood park, Wilts. Despatches from the Governor of Malta were re ceived yesterday at the Colonial-office. Despatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office for the governors of Hong-Kong and Ceylon. GENERAL COURT OF WARDMOTE. THE ROYAL ARTILLERY COMPANY. Yesterday,at a general courtof wnrdmote, the Lord Mayor was informed that • deputation of gentle men from the Coutt of Amistanta of the Honourable the Artillery Company were in waiting, and desirous to pre lent a communication upon a matter of great importance, as regarded their rights and privileges, in connexion with the rights and privileges of the corporati on of London. There was not • sufficient number of aldermen to constitute a court, but his lordship, as the case was considered urgent, informtd the deputation that he would receive their com munication and introduce it formally at the next court. The deputation, which consisted of the following gentle men : Captain Parker, Captain England, Mr. 1. Britten, jun., Mr. Truman, Mr. Depree, Mr. Oirdler, and Mr. White, the secretary to the company, then entered the chamber. The deputation said they were most anxious to appear before the Court of Aldermen in order to receive the sup port of that body on the subject of the contemplated attack upon their privileges. The court were aware of the change meditated by the government on the constitution of a ewe which had for a great number of years acted in a military capacity when called upon at periods of d.sturbanee and peril, and had performed its duty to the satisfaction of the presiding authorities. It was hoped and believed that the aldermen would not hesitate to come forward in vindica tion of rights which had been so clearly established, and which involved those of the City of Lindon, for which that body had always most resolutely contended. Alderman COPELAND expressed his surprise at the ap. prehension which seemed to be maintained that the govern ment would come to a precipitated decision upon such a question, and said he thought it very improbable that the Secretary of State would act before the Artillery Company communicated with the Court of Aldermen. Alderman }ARLBROTHER said he believed that Sir George Grey would not be a party to a sudden interference with the privileges of the corps, and that everything reason able was to be expected from a gentleman who had uniformly acted wirh courtesy to those whose interests were likely to be affected by any public measure. The deputation said the Secretary of State had not fixed any specific day for an answer to their petition upon the question of their privileges, and they wished for the concur rence of the Court of Aldermen in tht it views for the pre servation of their independence as soon as possible. Several aldermen said they had not been given to under. stand that a petition had been sent in to the government, and declared that the present was the first intimation they had received upon the subject. The deputation said they had sent in a petition fully detailing the particulars of the contemplated violation of their rights and privileges, and the nature sad foundation of their claims, and they had addressed the petition to her I Majesty. Alderman WILSON said the Court of Aldermen had good reason to know the value of the services of the Artillery Company, as, upon every occasion on which a riot or dis turbance was expected in the City of London, the first military body with which they came in contact was that company. The LORD MAYOR said he would feel much pleasure in presenting to the Court of Aldermen a document containing the substance of the petition to her Majesty, and he felt satisfied that the court would most promptly and unani mously join in the application to the Queen. (Ilea.) The deputation then expressed the gratification which they felt at their reception, and stated that they would draw up a document in concurrence with the suggestions of his lordship. The cartage horses, hacks, ponies, &c., of her late Majesty the Queen Dowager were sold yesterday at Tattersalls, at high prices. The state and other carriages will be dispo-ed of to-day. Mn. HUDSON.—Mr. Hudson, having pretty well set tied his accountswith the York and Berwick Rsilway,has now to arrange with the York and North Midland. We hear he refuses to refund the excess (about 18,000/. of the money he obtained while chairman for the Llndeshorough property, unless it be allowed to close all claims. That, it is suppoaect, the shareholders will never consent to. and it is therefore expected that all the claims against him will be got up and made at once. The " suspense account," 8:3 0001., will form awkward item, which, it is believed, if any of the share holders insist on having refunded, neither the directors nor other shareholders will be able legally to forgive.—Hera ' path's Railway Journal. FanNeß PLAYS, Sr. JAMRs'S TREATRE.—These performances were last evening attended by the Duke of Devonshire, the Russian Ambassador, the Baroness Brunow and Maul's. Olga de Lichner, the Marquis of Titchfield, Earl of Belfast, Viscount Cantilupe, Viscount Clifden, the Count as of Hoses, Lady Frederic Beauclere and Miss Beau clere, Lord Combermere, Sir John Lester Kaye, the lion. Mr. Leveson Gower ' M. and Madlle. ti zielli , Dlr. and Mrs. John Sanford, Mr. Henry °ravine, Mr. Spencer Lyttelton, Mr. and the Misses Boothby, BURGLARS AND TUE POLICE.—Ohe night, last week, two men of respectable appearance went to the house of Mr. Thomas Kay, who keeps the sign of " The Farm Yard," at Barnes Green, near Blakely, and informed him that his house was to be robbed that night, betwixt the hours of five and ten. Mr. Kay knew one of them as belonging to the borough police force, and they produced cards showing that they were Inspector Welullen and Ball, of the county police, at l'endleton. Mr. Kay was, of course, astonished by their information, which they assured him was derived from one who knew ell about the intended robbery. The robbers, they said, would enter by the roof, when all the family were down stein, and Mr. Kay and his assistants were busy with cue tomers. They asked him if two men had not called a few days before, at dusk, and got him to change a five pound ' note ? Mr. Kay recollected the circumstance, and that he ' had to go upstairs for the change. The officers said that 1 , was right; the men called in order to ascertain in what part of the homes he kept his change. The officers now took their station in Mr. Key's bedroom ; and Mr. Kay, by their direction, remeved his cash, with the exception of • trifling suns in silver. Mr. Kay remarked that if the thieves broke through the slate they must make a considerable noise and ' detach no small mass of rubbish in fencing the ceiling, when the officers said the latter would be Effected by thrusting an umbrella through the ceiling, and then opening it out be. low, when the umbrella would catch all the rubbish which fell is making the hole, and would then be drawn up through the orifice. The officers also said that the Rang of burglars would be four or five in number; but Mr. Kay need not be li under any painful apprehension, as they had half a dozen officers in disguise outside, and within call. Mr. Kay ae cordingly went down stairs, and about his business as until ; and the two officers remained in his bed-room, with shackles and pistols, all ready for the thieves when they came. About seven ce.lock, however, a policeman disguised in a certer's slop, and who had been somewhere about, smoking his pipe, cline into Mr. Kay 's, and desired him to call the two officers from their hiding place, as the .flair was all up. The officers came down, and the man said that one of the party of bur glars, whom he knew, and all of whom were known to the officers, came up to him as he stood leaning over a gate, and said, " Oh, Mr. Taylor, is that you? are you out of doon this cold night ? It's all a barney, and you may ea well go home." The officers, on hearing this, said the thieves were aware of them; it was of no use stopping there any longer ; and forthwith they took their departure; and neither thieves nor police have since been heard of. Mr. Kay has, however, benefited by the timely attendance of she latter at his house, since, besides a robbery having been probably frustrated, he has taken all needful precautions, not only with respect to the future changing of five-pound notes, but also with regard to the safe keeping of his cash; and thieves need not expect anything of his, this winter at least.—Manchester Gisardsan. ACCIDENT AT TIM FOLLY HALL CHEMICAL WORKS. —On Wednesday afternoon last an explosion took place at the chemical works of Mr. Cotton, at liashcliffe. Mr. Cotton, with his two sons, were engaged as usual is the process of purifying the gas water, for the purpose of manu facturing ammonia; while attendiug to • small boiler erected in the open space near the stable, and there being little oe no air to carry off the gas which was emitted from the tube or valve of the :miler, it took • circuitous route (instead of passing off aa on former occasions through the yard) and entered the " picking hole" of the hayloft, and thence descended into the stable below, in which was • fine cow, valued as ill. Mr. Cotton's attention was, about half-put three, directed to the stable, where the cow was muting a great noise. Along with his two sons he instantly went to ascertain what was the matter, when, upon opening the stable-door, the force of gas over powered them, and they fell senseless to the ground. 'lke alarm was instautly given, and assistance arriving, the bodies were speedily extricated and conveyed into the house, but it was some time before any of them recovered, and tears were for some time entertained that the effect would be Wel. Upon an examination of the stable it was wand that the cow was dead, as was also a oat in the hayloft, Mr. Cotten and his sons are recovering from the sod tante of inhaling the noxious rapour.—liaiyila Guardian. MEETING OF THE WORKING CLASSES ON PROTECTION. EXTRAORDINARY PROCEEDINGS AND DE FEAT OF THE PROTECTIONISTS. Lunt evening 1 public meeting of th e wor ki ng classes war held at the hall of the Edinburgh Castle Tavern, S tepney, " for the purpose of adopting resolution s i n f avour of leen !sties protection for native industry a ga i nst the pr 'cat unfair and ruinous system of competition." Th e rusting, as stated in a placard extensively circulated in th e 0,,1 e e. bourhood was convened by order of the N a ti ona l A sem don for the ° e ternisation of 'Trades." Mr. 0 F. YoU.tia war called to the chair amidst muc k confusion. There were between 2,000 an d 3 00 0 pe present, and the numbers appeared to be so eq ua ll y aivided that it war almost impossible to determine wh et h er the arm or noes for Mr. Young's election had it. Mr. Y oung, how ever, was duly installed into the presidentiai r c i h n a ci ir p . 4. pro- The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceeding., remar k ed car that he had always been the friend of free disc uss i on. At the same time, ha war bound Pestste that the pre sent was net a meeting; for discussion, but for the purpo se o f hearing ogre taM statements from parsons who held the p tection. To , however, to the business of the day, he must say, that from the first moment his attention had been directed to the subject, he had been persuaded that tee , ye . tem at present adopted was de. ply injurious to the wirkinq elutes. For many years past the labouring dames bandied about between the political economists on the rine hand, and on the other hand by the opponents of thateyste m. voice—" Yea, and partitulerly by the protteihneste.") Yes, the labouring classes had been victimi se d by ea; clasLa of politicians—by whir, tories, free-tracer., and protectionists. (Hear, hear.) The time had now arrived when the working classes mutt determine fur themselves what must be the issue of the present question. The gut. tins of protection to native industry always presented itse l i to him in this light. Mr. Young proceeded to show that the present system in reference to the claims of labeur and mid. sal war deficient. He stated that a wealthy manulacturer of Norwich had lately died, having accumulated upward s o r 350,0001, That man had been in the habit of paying be labourers bid. a day. He (Mr. Young) would have had an order fur two ships, f,r the labour connected with which he should have paid within the lest few months between 5,0001. and 6,0001., in the neighbourhood of his resident, had it not been for the free-trade system. Mr. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, who spoke at nano, unable length, proposed the first resolution— That, Sr 'ta bour is the source of all wealth, it evidenCy tolise s that the prosperity and independence of Great Br.e4e, and her colonies will be best promoted by emploi and protecting in the greatest number a healthy, indium Pa, intelligent, and moral population, which can be educe: t and comfortably maintained by their own industry ; Ind therefore, in the opinion of this meeting, it is the hot see most important duty of the British legislature and hi r Me jesty's government, to adopt such measures as wie secure employment to every one of the populeton, ace procure for their labour an abundance of the necessart e i aa d comforts of life." Mr. FERDINAND°, a Spitalfields weaver, second :et resolutioe, and contended that, under the system ;r. tection. tt.e members of the trade to wei,h he bid-- were far more comfortably situate, than under the ir • . trade policy. The CHAIRMAN war about putting the motion wh - Mr. CLARKE, who stood for Reading at the last el, rose amidst tremendous cheering, to more a diftct art. merit. It appeared, he said, that three resolutioes he proposed, and to all of these he objected. Te,- from gentlemen calling themselves delegates from •• - unions of London. The principle of protection was:. • torch in those resolutions, but he saw no attempt • to promote the extension of the franchise. He thee, • by the extension of the franchise the people would 't. • . to legislate for themselves in the just relati capital and labour. The amendment which he he • . propose was, that after the words "and will be , . cure employment to every one of the population," sr added the words " and that this can be etlected, not ••F • ~ they legislative interference, but by the removal o. me m e i d g impediments to the free exercise of ineustry. reduction of the amount and alteration of the present ee system of taxation, and the repeal of the law, of prim .1. • tore and entail." (Cheering.) Mr. •TAYLOR seconded the amendment, aed r ape•ck, embellished by many stormy ieterruptions, Mr. HAYDON was heard in support of it. Mr. RICHARD OASTLER then rose amidst me - e- - fusion to oppose the amendment. Alter some not very intelligible remarks, the uproar at. _- had gone on at intervals daring the speaker's 'der, s, showed itself in loud cries of " Time." Mr. • lewd his willingness to sit down if the mi eting wo hear him; hut although that determination was eleavy dent, Mr. °Wier remained standirg. He compleee , • unfair play, and the chairman threatened to leave the e, :-- and refused to put the amendment until Mr. r heard, stating that he would remain until daylight. . workmen present said that they would rem do uce; e time for them to go to work, and, after a quarter of a• t, - spent in vehement remonstrance, quiet was restored \ Oisiler again attempted to speak, and the uproar wi, newed, and continued for some time. Quiet being te • second time restored, the chairman explained that i• e • the duty of those present to give a fair hearing speakers. Atter a violent discussion, in which 20 or 30 • joined, and which was proceeded with in the midst of • greatest tumult, Mr. OASTLER again presented himself, but the ue was so great that it was deemed advisable t 3 atteme: adjournment of the meeting. A proposition to that effect was made by Dr. Bneeee seconded by Mr. Fox. The CHAIRMAN, in the midst of the confusion prevailed, came to the front of the platform, sad sun : two or three amendments had been handed to him. I. e • not competent for him to put ono amendment ..• - another had been disposed of, but the question of a•i, went would would take precedence, and he would therefor: to the meeting. The adjournment war lost by an immense majori.v. et. upon the chairman declared that he would not slow ref to speak until Mr. Uastler had been heard. Ten cr a - p-trsons rose to order and simultaneously addressed the m inc. At this stage of the proceedings the landlord et • house appearee and announced that as midnight was s' proaching it war high time that the proceedings shoo.. brought to a close. The C HAIRMA-N —Gentlemen, I insist that Mr. U 4 ... - is in possession of the chair. A VOICE—Let him take it home with him if he ...tie (Laughter and cheers.) Mr. CLARKE said if the chairman would not Tn. , . resolution he would put it himself. (The chairman • would not put it.) Mr. Clarke then moved that Mr e 4 . do vacate the chair and that Mr. Ack man be elected ..: -. • place. This motion was agreed to; but, as Mr. Young sr-. not retire, another chair was brought, and the Tlit4i i_s men sat side by side on the platform. Mr. ACKMAN put the amendment to the tneetti:g..: it was carried. Immediately afterwards he took the se:, the meeting on the qu.stion of adjournm.nt, and dist • the meeting. About two-thirds of the pi rsons present i:ft with went away. Mr. Young (the chairman), Mr. Oastler, Mr. icor, Mr. Paul luskett, and others, persisted in addrese:,— portion of the meeting that remained amidst the ea::.: cortlant noises. The proceedings were at length adjourned, at past c. night, amidst indescribable yells and groans. TUE WEATHER AND TILE PARKS.—Yf AterdlW ornamental waters of the Patknwere thronged woh and sliders, and it is calculated that at least kl,t l e o were on the ice during the day. PEERS WHO DIED IN THE. YEAR IS-0.—0.' o; Earl of Auckland, G.C.B. • Charles, Earl Talbot ; (.;? Robert, Earl of Buckinghamshire; John, Lord Cot r. (title extinct); Archibald, Earl of Gostore : Char:es Jo. r - Viscount Houck ; John, Earl of Mayo ; William Aubrey .: Vere, Duke of st. Alban's; Joseph Henry, lord 1) .o court; Heery, Earl of Thsnet (title extinct` . Oliver, Lod Louth ; David, Earl of Airlie : Paul, liletbuen ' • Mason Gerard, Earl of Aldboromth ; s Wogan, Lord Talbot de Malahide ; William Crio;c6, of Albemarle; William, Lord Alvanlity: Hera,' . 1 ' George, Earl of Carnarvon ; John, Lord Colville, of Csr o TILE ACCIDENT ON THE EAST LAM' 1.• RAILWAW.—LITEKPOOL, MUNI/Vt.—Yesterday - the journed inquest upon the bodies of the three untor:l,l. . . .- __.... . people who were 'killed at ]ls hull, near this town. oi . East Lancashire Railway, on Tuesday last, was 'Toon.- Maghull. The accident was caused by a luggage train ~.. ning into a parsenger train at the Maghull station. .. the inquest on Friday last the driver of the luagsac r.. • was ord, red into custody by the coroner on that at the time the accident happened he was tollo. passenger train at the rate of 40 miles an hoar. amid. nt has caused the most intense - and the inquest to-day was attended by a number of persons. Some further evidence L.'- been given, the coroner read over the dep.'s ' and then said that it seemed to him that, if any were to blame, it was the parties in charge of the train. It was clear that they were going at a great. •p than the rules of the company allowed, and it wool ' question for the jury whether they were guilty et in, slaughter. If the jury were of that opinion they mud n. a verdict of manslaughter, whatever might be the queue* to the parties. The jury were considering t:e• verdict when our despatch was sent off. A gee , ii. airy has been directed in the matter, which, se hon. will comment* to-morrow. Tits LAND Or LIDERTT.—A SEAmsTRE , - Same —The Anti-Slavery !!epee tar reprints the ono" advertisement, from, we peanut*, an Antenna ps.e' " Notice. —For sale, • coloured girl, of very anterior qua. to" tine., who is now in Mr. H a ll' s gao l in Norfors. `mss what speculators c&11 a fancy girl--a bright 211.11:.e. o. Am : figure, straight Wick hair, and very black eyes; rentorbO'' neat and cleanly in ha person. I venture to say 't 4 :. tha' is not a better seamstress , cutter an d titter of Leh. % nn'' children's dresses, in Norfolk or elsewhere, or a more tag .. rut halin of bead bags, mon e y purses, &e. .\n) in N o rfolk or P or t su niutii who mar ssidi to par chase a girl of this description k whom 1 consider the e valuable in Vir g i n i a ), ma y ta k e h er an d try h er a month , e mere at me risk, and it she does nut suit and gnawer the Jr g g. ription here given, may return her to Mr. Rail. I ' a cause of offence f o r w hi c h I i n t en d (t h oug h reluetan:a I W s.-II her, is, thTit she hse been recently coloured per,oua, to make tire escape with them is' north, in which she failed, and is now for sale. .%: , P , ? the subscriber in Suffolk, or to James Murdaugh, C. C. Robinson, Of l'orunaouth, far ;Lal, h *r i zior"l". slorsen