The Express. — London, England, 1850-05-30 00:00:00

Vie erpreMS. OUTGOING ILiILI4. The malla be bilk North Amens mod the UMW It will be muds timeerew .wail. he Woe We Mae.,Dereiude, Neetultehi T Norma, Hosubms, Now Odrome. " Z Miiiie t ead maladies *OS Madais, M. hea-de•Nimenue, New Grehida. cuni, sal P.m will be tor _ ea lie evades et Jae 1. The mils Oar Mederia, &GAN sad of Ayres, will M wade up ou the amoebas at ham 4. Tia rai Iler Liebe., Spate, and Gibraltar will be sada up as dose 7. TM nab W Marselles, to the Moditarranean, Oryles, NoerKeng, ie., will be mole up ?it swam el Jon 7. The mois be Gibralter, Malta, Grew, the Isaias reg Oellee. bad* awl Chiba, vie leathereptesid7Z Ze up en the eaeraing el leas SO. MOS WATTS AT =MOT MUMS TWA glay—WwWwA Us. AMA..., 4b 3114. Twissasm-IkAINO SA II a...«... AMMONS, &I. Um. LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY SO. LORD Joni Rrtissu, is to move to-night that the house do resolve itself into a committee, to consider the oath of abjuration as affecting persons professlag the Jewish religion. It is to be regretted that this subject has been necesaarily delayed until the end of May. The delay affords a pretext for dealing with the measure "in another place' according to the time-honoured parliamentary practice in regard to bills brought up at "this late periot of the session." however strongly the opinion of the Mouse of Commons may be expressed to-night, there will be at least a pretext for delay, and the Lords have not shown themselves slow to take every advan tage, fair and unfair, of such opportunities as may chance to be afforded them to protract the settlement of this important subject. We should consequently have little hope that any measure on the subject could be got through parliament this motion did we not believe that the question might be so materially narrowed and aimplfied as to obviate many of the difficulties by which it heretofore has been em barrassed. The committee aplointed early this session at the instance of Mr. WILLIAM PAGR Woon, reported upon the state of the law, and made it sufficiently apparent that it is by no means the principle of British legislation to exclude Jews from the highest 1 honours of the state. The words "on the true faith of a christian," first introduced into the oath of abjuration in the reign of Watt.tm 111., were not intended at any time as a test of Christianity. They had no reference to Judaism ; they were used merely to conform the oath to an old parliamentary prece dent of the reign of JAMES 1., when an oath called the Oath of Obedience was imposed, in which these words were introduced. As we men tioned on a former occasion, it is a matter of great doubt whether the oath of abjuration is now in force at all ; but be that as it may, the various exemptions which have been made, render it quite certain that the °bleat of this oath is not, and never was, the ex clusion of the Jews from office. These exemptions have existed from the time of GEORGE!. and 11. By the acts passed in the reign of those sovereigns, the legislature sanctioned the omission by Jews of the objectionable words from the oath of abjuration. The words of one of these sets are worth quoting. They u• as follow : And whereas the following words are contained in the latter part of the Oath of Abjaratiest—viz., " upon Me true fsift of a Christian." And whereas the people professing the Jewish religion may thereby be prevented from receiving the beaefit of this act; be it further en acted, by the autherity aforesaid, that whenever any per professing the Jewish religion shall present himself to take the said oath of abjuration in pursuance of this act, the mici words, "awes the true faith of a Ctiristiar," shall be omitted out of Me said oath in admiaivering the same to such perms, and the taking and subscribing the said oath by such person professing the Jewish religion without the Words aforesaid, aid the other oaths nopeusted by as said act, in like manner as Jews tesserriaitani to take the oath of abjurati.in by OS aet made on the tenth year of his llikiesty King George the Forst, de. This enactment shows the feeling of the legislature. The act, however (13 Geo. IL, cop. 7), only applies to certain cases. Bat it is only necessary to extend its operation to secure to the Jews the immunity they desire. Aiiile bill enacting that whenever a Jew is hencefo rward called upon to take the oath of abju ration he may take it in conformity with the provi sions of the act 13 Geo. 11., cap. 7, gets rid at once of all the difficulties by which the bigoted portion of the community have sought to embarrass this question of seliiious privilege. It will be, we believe, comparatively easy for Lord Jo= Rees= to show that this amendment of the law is required not only in order that the electors of London may send whom they ;please to parliament, bat really to order to meet difficulties which estima ble members of society encounter almost every day in the performance of their ordinary duties. A case has some to oar knowledge which *scarred in th's city only a day or two ago, and which demon strates most clearly the absurdity of the present state of things. Mr. D.tvm &twain:es s u every one knows, is an alders= knows , of London, who has served the office of high sheriff of Middlesex and Kent, and who Lin her Majesty's commission of the peace for those and several other csuntise. Now it occurred last Tuesday that this gentleman, as a Middlesex magis trate, had occasion to perform some act in tile ex officio capacity of a commissioner of assessed taxes foe the district of Marylebone. Mr. SALOMONS went to the proper office for that purpose, and found the commune' sitting; a very respectable pawn broker in the chair. Before actaig, the clerk to the oommiseioners, who very probably gets some lies on the admission of new members, required Mr. BaLoesotte to qualify. That gentleman stated that be had done so already, both as a justice of the peat* foe Middlesex, and as a commissioner of assessed Uses in other counties. This, however, by no means contented the nom-nipsiosers for Marylcbone. They had an idea that Mr. Si,tosioNs desired to perform some act that might not be acceptable to all of them, so apparently they looked about for a means of excluding him. Are you willing to qualify ?" said one of them. " Certainly," said Mr. Ssi.oxoss. Da you know what you're a-4oieg to do ?" Liked another. "I hope so," said the Alderman and ex-8 .- .eriff. "Jost chew him the oath," sung out a third; and just s Munk, the son of Wifku,stuek under the no.. of Isaac of York the skin of bacon that repulsed him from the lists at Ashby, so,. with much the same e ff ect, the Clerk to the Commissioners pulled oat of his drawer the oath of abjuration, or dered to be administered to all "suspected persons," and insisted upon the Middlesex magistrate gulping it down, "on the true faith of a Christian, " or else foregoing his title to act am an ex-officio Coniesiotier of Taxes. Whether or not Mr. SALOMONS considers it a grievance to be precluded for the moment from act log with these Marylebone commissioners, is more than we can say. Bat the good sense of the nation will regard it is most improper that a gentleman holding her MAJESTY'S commission of the peace in half-a-dozen counties, an alderman of London, an ex-sheriff of Middlesex, and a highly estimable man into the bargain, should be liable to be treated with this sort of indignity at the caprice of any body of persons with whom be may be called upon to act. It will be seen at once that a simple extension of the Act of Gnome IL would prevent a repetition of these unnecessary annoyances. The case is a strong one in support of Lord JOHN REBEELL'S contemplated measure, and whilst its occurrence must be a vexation to the party principally concerned, the incident is opportune, as showing the annoying and mortifying manner in which the disabilities imposed by the oath of abjuration may be made to operate at the pleasure of almost any petty board. Ann the people of Ireland to be handed over once more tritlieir hereditary tormenters ? or can no expe rience, however bitter, teach the rulers of this country that by landlordism it is vein to hope for the perma nent pacification or social redemption of that most sorely tried and deeply injured realm ? From one end of the island:t• the other there is heard bat one importunate demand—namely, for land reform. North and smith, cast and west, all are _ _ . united in the urgent cry for security and fair play. Hitherto the mass of the occupiers of the soil have known neither. Property in the soil has been a slime and strict monopoly, girt round with every kind of privilege fir legalised plunder and extortion. Improvement has been confessedly paralysed fur generations by the unbridled insolence of their territorial tyranny. Rack-renting, eviction, denial of compensation for improvements, and all en forced by the irresponsible power of the proprietary acting an irresponsible magistrates at petty and at quarter ssesiono—this marvellous mechanism of op pension working without hindrance from sire to son, brought the modal condition of Ireland to what we too well remember it was when the famine of 1917 cams. In the helplessness of that Nadel meson the state was forced to intervene, to save millions of its too long aftlector), pauperised, and siewn-troddes subjects from dencition. Every look of grave iv roach and blame was on lemilludism—e the guilty th ing that notorional bad been the piquant mem of so mach shame woe. Official sermons were eloquently preached upon the enormity of the system, end official vows put up that ones the terrible exigency over, e ff ectual measures should be taken for preventing f a the future the recurrence of such in tolerable evils. But famine and politikus have no sooner dis appeared than the frightful miseries of the old system are forgotten, and the responsible advisers of the crown prepare to renew the old lease of Ireland to the oligarchy, that they mac wreak their sordid and inhuman will thereon. The atrocious code of landlord law under which the country has been half barbs:hied, is sot to be amended in any one particular. Having the monopoly of land, the hereditary extor tioners are to keep it as long es they please, or as long as they can. When their individual necessities force them into the Incumbered Estates Court, no merciful interpositioi is exerted even there to change the de basing and demoralising tenure upon which the tenantry occupy their lands • but the new purchaser is to take the same statutaile power of oppression, violence, and fraud, which the spendthrift had whose estate he puchases. bs et re et single effort has been made or 32 making to arbitrate the deadly fend between the peeseseors of tenant-right in Ulster and these who would rob them of it. "Pull devil, pull baker," appears to be the sum total of the advice which parliament is likely to give in this most press ing and perilous question. The petitions of the Irish people are of course thrown under the table. The suggestions and remonstrance, of their popular repre sentatives are treated with contempt. And after having trifled for three months with the subject of a Landlord and Tenant Bill, the announcement has at length been made that there is no serious intention of even trying to pass any measure of the tort this year. We must do Lord Joint Ittrsuni the justice of saying, that we believe, if left to himself, or, rather, if not thwarted and betrayed by those oa whom he meet, to some extent, rely for the preparation of de tails, he would do the needful in this most important matter. His words of promise and of hope five years ago ere still remembered. He decla'ed, when about to take office, that his favourite day-dream had been the restoration of peace and contentment to Ireland. And he indicated plainly the way in which alone that great end could be attained. Unhappily for his fame, and for the weal of that victim land, he has been encompassed by men without either sympathy in his ideas or any ideas of their owe : wretched copyists of stale met hods , e.-.d wholly inap plicable formula; doctrinaires without heart or even foresight; penny-wise economists, who for sake of some farthing theory will inevitably involve this country, at no very distant day, in a costly and scan dalous struggle with the unanimous disaffection of a whole community. Lord Joaw stated on Tuesday evening last that he had referred the recom mendations of the liberal members connected with Ireland for the consideration of -- whom? He did not say. But of whomsoever, we know the deplorable result that, because some confidential adviser of his thought fit to veto all pro posals of amelioration in the iniquitous kw as it now exists,—therefore the Prime Minister regrets to be obliged to say that he cannot hold out any present hope of a remedial measure. Sir WILLIAM SUMER rttne's humbug bill is to be read a second time, by way of affording opportunity, as it is said, for a dis cussion: but the festering sore is to be suffered to inflame, and the incentives to every species of evil are to be allowed free course for another year ! Who can wonder if under each treatment we find the peasantry of every part of Ireland misled into a resumption of those unwarrantable but not wholly unmeaning or inefficacious practices wi.ich in other days have deformed the character of the people and led the way to fearful crimes ? We are deeply impressed with the conviction that if some great change be not peremptorily brought about in the existing relations of the two great classes in that country, a prolonged and implacable struggle will arise, which no man of sober judgment can view without apprehension, and of which no man can fore see the issue. Already the too obvious doctrine is openly promulgated that it is idle to look to parlia meet for redress, and that the remedy lies within the mai of the people, spontaneously organised for the puryose. 'Ti. vain to shut our eyes to the fact that this is the theory of revolution. Yet to this theme government has actually volunteered a species of obligate accompaniment ! FRANCE. r The Bernertmet informed es last night that M. Emile de Oirardin had been chosen by a large ma jority by the socialist conclave of &rubor' as the democratic candidata for the Bas•Ritin, the tattoo of which is moldered vacant by tha re= of M. Osideaberg. Flooon obtabesd 96 veto., Leigh- Iseeberger 6, and Oirardin 48. The Prow, weed , headed to-day with the notice : • Election of Jane 9 : ifee•Ehia—Emas de • There is today a highly romarbable article lathe Ordre, which seems to offer an ariz y fee the de feotioa from the liberal principles si,ocated with energy by the tier-pare. 'fbe - exeuseis appre hension of the difficulty into whisk the government would be thrown by the rejectionor even modification of 'he bill. The Cbtsridediatowl gives in its first page en article beaded by the name of Cavalgnao, in large print, which analyses the career of that statesman and mol dier since the revolution of '4B, and concludes that he will be henceforth rejected by both the great parties. Count Hobe:Abel has presented to the President his credentials as envoy of Saxony, together with the letter of recall of M. de Kdoneritz. Several waggons of ammunition have set oat from Paris for Lyons, Toulouse, Lißar, and Marseilles. From a return in the Amman des Chemins de Fer, it appears that the average weekly receipts per kilo metre of the principal railways have been as follows during the first seventeen weeks of the present year : Orleans, 1,392 fr.; Rouen, 1,038 k. ; Northern, 707 k. ; Hans, 607 k.; Strasburg, 697; Bordeaux, 6951 r.; Avignon and Marseille., 419 k. ; Centre, 302 fr. ; Amiens and Boulogne 249 k.; Tours sad Nantes, 238 k. • Monteresa and Troyes, 197 k.; Dieppe, 178 fr. The fi rst weekly receipt per kilometre on the Paris and Lyons railway, including the section from Dijon to Chalons, was 4761 r., it has since risen to Mfr. The Western line, recently opened, yields on an average 350 fr. ; the Strasburg and Bale line, about 250 k. _ _ Some days ago information was given to the com missary of polio. of the quartier, that a man living on the Boolevard do Mont.Parnasse was engaged in the clandestine manufacture of arms. A watch wuset on ascertained that when he had comp!eted any weapons, he deposited them at the wina shop, at the BarW:re d'Enfer, where a man in a blouse sought them. Yesterday be was arrested is he was conveying to the wine-shop three cane-muskets. A search in his lodgings resulted in the seizure of a kgreat many gunsmith's tools, of three infantry mus ets, some swords, and a small quantity of ammu nition. The responsible editor of the National of Paris, M. Lombard Morel, and the responsible editor of the RetpuiVicnin de Seine-et-Marne, M. Perrin, were yes terday severally condemned (the former by default) by the Correctional Tribunal to three months' impel ferment and 200 fr. flee, for having announced a eupscription to pay the fine and costs incurred by a woman, named llourteaux, of Fontsnaille, for having illegally hawked newspapers. Perrin is a dismissed schoolmaster, who had already been condemned for political offences. The Erenement says that a council of ministers met yesterday at the Elyse.. and that, according to report, the difference between France and England was com pletely settled. I have made inquiry with regard to this statement, and find that no arrangement has been yet concluded.' Lord Normanby comes dail7 to Paris, and returns to his country residence at Nersailles in the evening. I have before mentioned that Girardin has been cited before the tribunals for clandestine printing. The fact is, that hir celebrated petition against the Electoral Bill formed • part of the Presse, space 1 being left for the signatures; but when this was cat off no printer's name was attached. The delivery of the kntence has been put off for a week. The Five per Cents. to-day, after having fallen to 90.25, rose to 90.90, and closed at 90.85, being a rise of 10c. upon last night. The Threes experienced a rise of 15c. upon 66.60. In other stocks but trifling variations were observ able. The tendency at the close of the Bourse was decidedly to rise. Tne continued rise of the funded debt is the best proof of the small importance attached to the affair of the recall. PARIS, WIDNESDAT Emma. In the sitting of the Legislative Assembly to-day the &bate on the Electoral Bill was resumed. M. nipy moved an amendment to the Ist paragraph of the 3rd article, proposing to make the list of per sons exempted from the personal tax on the score of indigence a means of attesting the electoral domicile. M. Leon Faucher having declared no such list existed, M. Tiugny withdrew his amendment, which was taken up, however, by La rochtjacquelin. The latter said that he had always been for universal suffrage, even during the monar chy. The present bill was brought forward by per sons who had set aside, by the previous question, his proposal to appeal to the nation as a violation of the constitution. But the bill was a much clearer violation of the constitution. It diefranchised half the electors of France. He was against admitting vagabmds and criminals to vote ; but this bill would take away the votes of the rural population. In his department there were sixty-eight thonaand electors net inscribed upon the roll of the personal tax. Upon being pat to the vote, the amendment was rejected by a large majority. Among those who voted for it wire MM. Laborde, Favreau, and de Orammont. An amendment, presented by. M. Vauguas and others, tending to extend the conditions of franchise in the bill, was also rejected. Bat a motion of M. Elche very, proposing to extend to grandfathers and grandmothers, and relations within the same degree, the obligation of certifying the resi dence of their descendants, was adopted by the Assembly. M. Jules Fevre then moved an amend ment, by means of which the certifiate of domicile could be furnished by two citizens of the commune. He aczused the law of unconstitutionality, and re commended his motion as an abatement of its wrong by a return to •the common right. M. Baroche said that this amendment could only be of ass in ease of refusal on the part of the employer or master, and the relief provided by the committee in this case was an appeal to the jugs de pia. The amendment was rejected, as was also another of the same tendency presented by M. Rolltnat. Then th e amendment of 31M. Beaumont, Vesin, and others, proposing to base the certificate of domicile on the lists of those who drew lots for satisfying the recruit ment, was brought forward and developed by M. Vesin. The amendment of Beaumont and Vesin was re jected, and Art. 3 adopted by 438 against 198. The speech of M. Bouvet in favour of the amend ment of Wain excited a ferocious uproar, and a duel is said to be arranged between M. Bouvet and M. Roger dn Nord. The party of Beaumont and Vain will vote for the ensemble of the law (Vesin has de clared as much) notwithstanding the:rejection of their amendment. The vote on the ensemble of the bill will, barring unforeseen incidents, be taken to-morrow. It is con sidered certain of being passed by a large . majority ; the right say 120. Not only are the ma j o rity already mowing triumph, but the standard-bearer of the crusade against democracy, the Patna,, gives notice that a pendant to the E lectoral Law is already on the stocks, and w ill b e launched forthwith. The threatened bill is not further speci fied ; bat everything indicates that the majority will not wait till 18.52 to revise the conatitation. An immense number of petitions against the Elec toral Law have been presented from all parts of France. M. Odilon Burro!, who in the beginning showed a disposition to oppose tho Electoral Liw, has an nounoed to his friends that he would give it his entire support, and not fail ist the critical hour of voting. The vacillation exhibited by this statesman is really painfuL THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 30, 1850. far 11_ Mousy. i f Opegeo !Merit. 54 63 90 95 PAW, MAT It S per Cents. 36 65 5 per Cows. . 90 SO do. Net Loa . e . per Costs..--.—.. I per Ceets..—.—.. 70 _ Fur Afton:tr. lowest.! Clueing. 55 34 H.r 25 56 61 to 65 milt, 23 36; N Ayr,l6 io. " B4yis. S, 1616 SS rimy. I Paola 1W S 7 Uw 3, 1641 Do. 45 N Do. 1.30 Da 21 Piedmont 3 per Costa U 10 ~, Sank Nhareo Imam—at Germs* 310; Versailles (right bask), 160; clitto . (left beak), lin ; Paris sad Orlmas, 737 30; Pane and Rouen. 323; Rouen sad Havre, 216 U; Inarerillas and Avignon, 170; Strasbourg and Bale, 103 ;5; Orissa, ant name, 330 ; Orleans end Bee trau 11611 73 ; Northwa, 423 73; Paris sad Straebnung, 337 60; Tours and Nantes, YU Maatersaa aid Troyer, 92 50. SPAIN. D. Leis Armor° is appointed Spanish minister at Berlin. and will set out immediately foe his post. szotru,3lar 21.—1 !tree pre Cents., 31 9.11 cosh swarms; after Bo'sa, 313 sash. Four per Cents., 135. Pies per tints., 121 9.11 ra.h. Barnes, 31 13.11. Coupons, 71. Bask of et. Yotollnand, 81s2 cash. Esobraph pa London, 010.13. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, MIX 27. The King continues to progress favourably. The latest bulletin issued states that his Majesty has passed a quiet night, and that the inflammation es very slight. No important change has taken plain in the wound. Congratulatory addresses are pouring in by wholesale from cites, large and small, towns, villages, associations, unions, clubs, &c. None of the deputations with addresses are received by the King. _ The several regiments of guards are to be put on a war-footing. By this measure, which has, in fact, been in contemplation ever since 1842, their number will be increased from six to thirty thousand. Its fulfilment at the present moment, so suddenly and unexpectedly, is, perhaps, another proof of the appre hensions entertained in high quarters of war with Austria. So far as the public are permitted to know, nothing is left undone which could prevent the instant collection of ajarge army, thoroughly equipped and dis ciplined. On the Exchange yesterday there were ru mours of a very bellicose note having arrived from Vienna. On inquiry, I could not trace the rumour to any higher source than the locality of the Exchange, where It appears to have originated ; some effect it had, for the funds receded slightly. The existence of a secret military treaty between Austria and Saxony is confirmed. Its object can, of course, be only an offensive and defensive alliance against Prussia, with whose firmness in prosecuting the scheme of the German Union both these powers are equally die. satisfied and enraged. Saxony finds that, should the German union even not succeed to the full extent con templated by Prussia, it will at least end in the incor poration into Prussia of the Thuringian principalities, on the on of which it has long set its covetous eves. possessi on rulers of these four Saxon or Thuringian duchies are so dissatisfied with their pre sent position, and so reluctant to maintain the unequal struggle against the tendencies of their people, that should the present prorisorium of the German union not terminate in a definitiorium, they have expressed their readiness to submit to their own incorporation with Prussia. Should the union be defini tively established, the alliance will be a suffi cient protection to these princes. Thus union is no union ; Saxony will be disappointed, and in her rage she flings herself into the arms of the old rival of Prussia. The insane policy pursued by the present cabinet of Vienna in the administration of the affairs of the empire, renders it but too p ro b a bl e that they will cap their iad proceedings by d ec l ar i ng war against Prussia, on account of the latter's at tempts to form a German union on her absorption of the minor principalities. Austria denies the right of Prussia to incorporate the Hohenzollern principali ties, and has, de facto, protested against it, by forwarding to the princes of that house an in vitation to the Frankfort Congress, similar to that issued to all the other sovereigns of Germany. The finances of Austria present the chief obstacle to the angry designs of the Schwarzenberg cabinet on Vienna. Oa this point it is rumoured that the catholic church, out of gratitude for the recent measures in its favour, has offered the loan, or indeed to present the government with 100,000,000 florins. For the troth of this latter statement I cannot vouch, but I again repeat that the most serious spprehen micas are bit hen by the ministry and the overt. HANOVER. Letter. from Hammer of the 28th bet., b the Ilruteche lwgenp, give a mammary of the budget for the kingdom of Moamar. The expeuditere le 7,714,847 dab, and the iambs of the year is calcu lated to &meat to 7,378,099 deb. Those is come trendy a deficit of 338,747 dole., which the Hanove rian cabinet proposes to cover by beaus of an addi lama duty es item tobacco, win, and brandy. BZILLTII, Mat IS.—ibleatery Lou, 1031 National Debt, SS; Beek Biltarea,o3l. Treinte, gee 27.Plee yr Oast. Ihtalque.lo.l Doak lbws. 1057. Ea os London, 11.11; Pariat ITALY. PIEDMONT. The Concordia of Tarim scat.. from Rase, 20th inst., that Cardinal Cisochi, the author of the pietist against the Austrian occupation of Ferrara in 1047, has sent in his resignation as cardinal. TUSCANY. The Tuscan Monitore of the 22nd publishes, in its official part, the text of the convention regulating the conditions tinder which the Austrian troops are to stay in Tuscany. They are styled auxiliary troops in the convention ; their num is fixed at ten thousand men, and either of the high contracting ties may at any time demand or effectrespectively the withdrawal of these troops. They are, as far as their internal organisation and discipline are concerned, to be under the orders of the general-in-chief commending the Austrian army in Italy. The numerical force of this oorpe may be modified by the common consent of the two contracting powers, but it cannot be lowered to less than 8,000 men. Whatever relates to the evacuation of the grand duchy is to be regulated by common agreement, as well as the distribution of the troops about the country; their renewal is to depend entirely from the Austrian commander-in-chief. The citadels and forts situated in the places occupied by the Austrian troops are to be put in a state of defence and provi.ioned at the expense of the Tuscan government. The ordinary pay and equipment of the troops are at the charge of the Emperor of Austria; all other expenses are to be supported by the Grand Duke. Austrian and Tuscan commissioners are to be named to settle the able for the new crop. About 100 of the old chests will remain ea band. About 860 bales of distil have been mold et 220 piastres to 240 piastres the quintal yellow grain In dammed at 20 piastres., the oks, in exchange for sassafactnres; cash price is 18 piastres. About 800 bags in depot. Cotton of Eirkagots has sold at 246 to 248 piestns the quintal. About 2,000 bales In depot. A few sales in valorea ; prig unknown. Nothing doing in oil; price 210 the quint. 300 quintals of black galls have piastree s o ld at 640 piastres the quintal; white has sold, in mai quantity, at 330 to 340 piastres. Exchange, at Smyrna, on Loadoa, ill piastres the pound sterling. It is evident, on the face of this table, that a consi derable fall has taken place since the passing of the short time bill, and consequently that all the predic tions of the operatives'" friends " have been falsified by the event. Men like Lord Ashley (for whose be nevolence of heart I nevertheless entertain a pro found respect), may say that wages ought not to have fallen. But the relations of capital and labour— employer and employed—are not governed, like quoiteoes of pure philanthropy, by emotion. Waps hare fallen. The facts are all in con tradiction to the prophecies. Though they are not very willing to confess that they have been imposed upon by false representations— representations which they had at the time no means of verifying—my impression is, that the majo rity of persons whom I conversed with in these mills feel that they were drawn into the agitation for legislative intermeddling with the rights of free labour by statements which time has now confuted. Above all, they ex pected that no reduction of wages would take place. The real facts are exposed in the above table. The case of 1847 must be cast out of the list as a year of short time—the result of a great depression in business. If you compare the first year named with the last you will observe that in 1845 the average weekly wages for man, woman, and child was lls. B;d., while in 1849 the average was only 10s. 111 d. Ido not pause for a moment to compare these rates with the wages obtained by the agricultural labourer of Cheshire or the East Riding of Yorkshire, or with the wretched remuneration of the poor needle-women of our own city. It is no great consolation to the Man chester workman to know that in London there is greater privation than his own. In the two averages here made out, there is a positive decline of between five and six per cent.—a very large diminution in the income of a labourer's family. But I fancy I hear some of your benevolent school of readers exclaim " Yes, it may be true that wages have fallen somewhat in consegaecce of our humane legislature stepping in to protect the life and health of our women and young children ; but the work people are contented with the change, though it has not brought with it that amount of unmixed good we could all have so earnestly desired." S:r, the workmen and workwomen are not content with .hinge as they are. They are all looking forward to a change for the better. It is true they hope to see that chaega came rather in the shape of an improve ment in wages than in an increase of work ; but a change they all expect. " Yes,' your defenders of the recent legislation will say, " all that may be ; but the signs are not apparent. We hear of no turn-outs for more work and more wage.. There are no riots—no drawing of plugs—no smashing of factory windows." I will tell you, sir, why they are quiet in the manu facturing districts—because just now they aro pros perous, not inconsequence but in spite of the short-time bill: most of all, the operatives are quiet because bread is cheap. Had the tax on food not been removed, the restrictions on the rights of labour would not have been borne a single month. The policy of Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Russell made it possible to give a fair trial to the experiment of Lord Ashley. How the experiment has failed to satisfy one party to the labour-contract—the employer—is well known ; how far the other great contracting party—the oeerative —is likely to be permanently satisfied wish it is al ready beginning to appear, and will be seen very de cisively the first time corn is quoted at 80s. a quarter in the Mark Zone Express. I believe that both the partners in this concern look upon the factory question as one which is sure to get itself righted after a little while, and without disagreement between masters and workmen. They wisely look upon it as a question of science, and not of sentiment, and accordingly appeal to time and to all the i-sues of the experiment now going on. The offer of adjustment will soon come from the men themselves. The endeavour to urge opinion faster than it is now travelling, it is felt, would probably be only a useless waste of strength : so the two parties interested in the result have jointly agreed to watch it together, and in the most agreeable and friendly spirit. Meanwhile, the efforts of the managing partner of the Chorlton mills in behalf of his workmen are not confined to that care of their health indicated in the matter of smoke-burning and in the plans for a MALTA, Mae 22. better ventilation of the rooms described in The Polish refugees who left Malta for Southampton, my former letter. His benevolence, indeed, takes on their way to Belgium, in the Maltese brig Felice, a much wider range. Gradually and cautiously he were wrecked on the Galibia shoals, near Tunis; all has extended his operations in every direction ; and hands were saved. The Bey of Tunis immediately although the Utopian observer may still discover sent them to Malta in one otitis corvettes. Hero they much that needs to be done in the way of improve are still, and how they are to get to Belgium is a meet, no candid and impartial mind—unconnected query which her Majesty's government can best with the persons and interes ts of the locality, can fail solve by ordering them a passage in one o f th e P. an d to rejoice at what has been done already for the com 0. steamers to Southampton. British charity will fort and, I may say, social regeneration of the people thence soon land them at Brussels. Capt. Sterling of this densely-populated neighbourhood. To two or and the officers of H.M.S. Howe gave a superb ball three of these practical measures, it is fitting that on board that ship a few days previous to her depae. call your readers' attention. ture for England, which took place on the 18th, in First of all I must inform you, Mr. Editor, of a company with the Vengeance. The French steamer of practice, which it will no doubt rather surprise you the 15th brought us the intelligence of the birth of a to find in a manufacturing establishment, conducted prince. On the following day the royal standard by staunch believers in the virtue of political economy and union jacks were hoisted at the pelace, and —being nothing less than a little inchoate socialism. on the forts; at noon, St. Angelo and the men-of- In going through some of the rooms I was startled war in the harbour fired a royal salute. once or twice by hearing persons, with very little of The marine of the Medina steam-packet, who was the pomp and circumstance of military life in their tried by a court martial for threatening to shoot the appearance, addressed as " Captain." On enquiring corporal, has been sentenced to be punished with the cause of this , I learned that this title bad reterence fifty lashes, lose all pay and services, and be turned to a co-operative organisation among the mill hands. out of the service with disgrace. The lashes have This excited my curiosity. What! traces of commu been inflicted, and the man awaits a passage to niano in a Manchester cotton mill ! The thing seemed England. incredible. I enquired into the nature and history The governor, Mr. More O'Ferrall, issued cards for of this organisation, as well as the objects it had in a ball on the 24th, the Queen's birthday ; for some view. This I also traced to the inventive brain of Mr. anexplitined reasons it has been changed to the 23rd. ])avid Morris. It arose in the following manner : Some say it has been done to humour the catholic., Looking at the general condition of his workpeople who cannot eat meat on a Friday; however it ma y w ith a v i ew to find where the wedge of re!oren could be, it is very bad taste, and not at all complimentary best be driven in, the gentleman referred to—guided, to our protestant Queen and the protestant' of Malta. perhaps, by some of his old reminiscences—certainly As usual, all persons known to be opposed to his by his direct personal knowledge of the apathetic and excellency's political views are excluded, including improvident habits of the maw of factory workers— even some of the foreign consuls, whom one would saw very clearly that the accidental arrangements of have thought that a ball in honour of the Queen society for distributing the prime articles of food to would have induced him to have invited, as repre- the poor are very imperfect, and the evils deflected sentatives of foreign sovereigns, whatever may have with petty shop-keeping on the trust system of h a been their opinions of his conduct, a n f d ear to fu 1 mouth bu yi ng ter. L o t he iv they do from On the 20th, ll.M.'s ship Sup er b came i n f rom smallest quan- England and Gibraltar. titles of each artiole of domestic consumption ianfy as A letter from Samoa of 30th April mentions—An at once and paying enormous prices for goods English man-of-war steamer has arrived here from of inferior quality ; the factory hands who resort Constantinople, having on board Mr. Alison, the to this practice, and nearly the whole mass of interpreter of the British Embassy , to hear th e com - t h em do so ander ordinary circumstances, sea matter plaints of the people, and to examine into the condi- of course live uncomfortably, and got themselves into tion of the country. debt. The petty dealer to whom they owe a few shil- Letters from Smyrna mention that opium is selling Hogs gets a firm hold of them—which he at 108 piastres the cheque. The weather is favour - seldom or ever relaxes. Bound by this obliga expenses hitherto lectured for the occupation of li Tuscany from the moment of the entrance of the Austrian troops up to the present time. All letters and despatches concerning the service of the imperial troone, sa well as their correepon deLce with the graod-ducal troops, are to be free of postage, but private letters to or from military men are to pay the usual charge. The military equip ments belonging to the troops of occupation are to be duty free. Military men belonging to the carps, and travelling with an order, are tole also exempt from duty. The document is signed by the Duke of Cas eigliano oa the part of Tuscany, and the Baron de Hegel on the part of Austria. The ratifications of the treaty were exchanged on the 20th. THE BRAZILS. FALMOUTH, MAT 29. Her Majesty's packet Express, Lieut. Lory, has arrived at this port. Her dates are : Rio Janeiro, April 4; Bahia, 13; Pernambuco, 24. Her pas sengers are Messrs. Berton, Hughes, Krabbe, Conan, and Cruizing. She brings on freight about 28,0001. Exchange at Rio, 28k to 281; at Bahia, 281 to 29; at Pernambaco, 28. The shipments in March were 81,344 bags coffee (against 143,233 bags in the corresponding month last year), 731 cases, 10 boxes, 2,231 barrels, 1,860 bags sugar ; 11,792 hides, 31,213 ox aed cow-horns; 710 pipes rum ; 2,173 rolls tobacco; 3,317 bags rice; 616 planks jacaranda; 641 barrels tapioca. The quotations for coffee were considered altogether nominal, as the market continued completely paralysed. The sales daring the month of March amounted to 70,000 bags. Stock on hand, 80,000 begs. The clearances to Europe in March were 58,082 bags less than in the correspx ding month of 1819. The following are the quotations:—Superior washed, 6.300 dole. to 6.800 &As. ; superior, 6.200 dots. to 6.400 dole; lit good, 5.900 dots. to 6.100 dole.; let ordinary, 5.600 dole. to 3.800d015. ; 2nd good, 5 doll. to 5.200 dole.; 2nd ordinary, 4.400 dole. to 4.800 dole. ; triage, 3.500 dole. to 4 dots.—Hides : River l'late, 150 to 165 per lb.; Rio Grande, 130 to 155; do. smell, 155 to 160. Sugars.— Itedcmdo, 2.800 dole. to 3.000 dole. Batido, 2.600 dots. to 2.800 dole.; Mammy°, 1.700 dole. to 1.900 dols. The arrivals, chiefly from Campos, comprised about 990 cases, 500 barrels, and 3,000 bags. b . sales bad been very limited, at quotations. Stock, 1,600 cases Campos. Hides, about 11,000 from Rio Grande, about 5,000 of this description, light, had been e.ild at 160 r. The stock on hand consisted of about 130,900, of which 115,000 are Rio Grande, and the remainder River Plate. The Southampton, Rear-Admiral Reynolds, C. 8., arrived at Rio on April let from the river Plate, and sailed again on the 4th. The Tweed and the Cor morant were cruising for slavers; left port on the 27th. The Kestrel has put to sea to keep her people in health. Yellow fever Mill raged violently at R:o up b the period of this packet's leaving. It was computed that at leaf 12,000 deaths had occurred by its viru lence. Several vessels were lying at Rio, with two-thirds of their crews lost; and many detained from having lost their masters. The slave trade appeared to be on the increase, the value of slaves being greatly en hanced by the many deaths which have occurred. No business doing. Many of the stores were closed, and the merchants bad left with their families for the mountain districts, to avoid the fever. A pert of the French expedition to the River Plate arrived at Rio on April 1, on their way thither. At Bahia the fever was muck decreased; and the little that remained was chiefly confined to the ship ping. At Pernambuco the fever had likewise declined ; about 4,000 persons had died from its virulence and fatality in the town and neighbourhood. Mails have bees landed off here this morning from the river Plate, by the Argentyn, to March 18,—no news; and from Port Phillip by the Aden, Barker, muter. MORNINGS AT THE MILLS. No. IV. I have already informed you that the Choriton Mills are kept at work ten hours a day. As you are well aware, Mr. Editor, the agitators of the purely sentimental school, while labour ing to procure parliamentary interference with the hours of work In factorise, constantly told their hearers that wages would not fall with the diminution of the period of employment. This impression some how took violent hold of the operative mind of the north of England : and, in spite of a daily demonstra tion to the contrary, it is not yet entirely disabused of the notion. Nearly every one I spoke to in these mills seemed to be haunted by the hope that, in spite of present appearanocs, the rate of wages must go back to the old figures. The following table of averages for five years will be ussfhl, u helping to show the actual amounts paid in each year : Average wages of factory workers in the employ of Wil liams and David Morris: Dadenatio4 1843 1846 1817 1844 1 1849 a. d. & d. & d. a. d. a. d. Card-roes—Wales l3 3 11 4 7 9 13 0 12 0 Females BlO 6 6 3 4 8 9 8 6 13Fini;;Ts and 144°"$—V alesi 12 0 11 1G 6 10 11 7 13 0 and kaiak* 2 Loom Weavers 9 9 i 11 10 4 10 9 0 9 3 Helpers Mechanics—Males 6O 6 ,1 2O 6 18 1 l9 6 19 3 are completely la power—no tra at ili chance P P going he jthe best or ebeipee t . his tionto meet for them l—and he sells them only too often the refuse of his shop, at the prices of the high class of articles. This was the glaring evil which Mr. David Morris undertook to expose to his srorkpeopie. I say first of all it was many onvitce them that such a state an evil; for of them, basi n . known it all their lives, having Hen their par ent ; placed is the same situation or dependence, ka a ,,h,„ that moat of their neighbours are in a similar po o r: tion to themselves—have come to look upon this or one of those natural evils of society to which the poor must submit in silence. It is in the contest against this dead weight of apathy that the courage and perseverance of the reformer a re most severely taxed. Mr. David Morrie th oug h t it would be the wisest course to break up th,,, habits of dependence on the petty shopkeep er gradually. He began by spiriting a few ta contrive by frugality to steal a march upon their income, and instead of being always week behind with the world, to get a week before it. When this was done by a few, he showed them how by clubbing their means together they might pa r . chase their ten, coffee, cocoa, and chicory, at a tu t u. derable saving to themselves. But in order to avoid every suspicion of having an interest in thsi,e pror er d. ings of the workpeople, he dt.termined to hav e nothing to do with the practical cppliettioa of own idea. Those who were able to join this " phalanstery" met together and elected their esp. tains—for there is the most absolute democrat). m this little military order of socialists —and thCr iecre tary. Each captain has fourteen persqcs, n ai l s a ril female, in his troop, and in the milts there are twe,% l divisions, so that the number of persons, eenersiy heads of families, bandd together in ttvs way, amounts to 168. The mode in which the pla n carried out is this : the secretary is previer! with a number of ruled and printed forms, one of sclieh he deposits at the beginning of the week with the cap. taro of each division, who goes round to each num wr of his troop and marks down the order of the week, aa in the following table, which is a mere:* copy of the actual form when filled up with tie names of the parties and their orders: SeddonKVIGST (Captain.) Robinson ........ Kt Davits Hearty Stabs Janata tirinialaw DWI le s A;tbo Creaant Markham LuarCla Tay iur K.V.GEIT (Captain). II 1 G MID . 2 - 7 h ; )1 G M 1 These farms are returned the same day to tat ral secretary, who tears oft the lower part of ; where we have drawn the thick ink line, and, au the twelve together, he then finds the tuts' ord , the wholesale dealer. This is sent in on Week and next day, when the cart has delivered a calicoes, it goes round to the warehouse soil c r back the supply of goods wanted. Af.; r ;:.t c stops the captains repair to the secretary, .. receives the articles ordered by his true • . upper part of the above form, and delivers r...• ing the separate articles to each, reeeirietz .• time the money f.r the order of the ; " Yon will Fere; ire," says Mr. Morris, ~ • statement which is row lying before me, • • . • teaching the workers provident habits to t always having a week's consumption in LI- .. of being in debt at the 'shop,' ;; must pay at least twenty per cent. men same quality of article, they have also a pc..... . tage of a penny in every shilling expendei . • a penny on every seven pence on all ind• ;: in coffee—making the difference hetwe; and improvident habits nut fax short of on these articles." I am not going to argue the theory cf tion of industry; that discussion belongs set of icquiries. But lam bound to -•• • as I find them. The advantages of • . • tz. adopted at the Chorlton mills met n turn. Not to insist any further up:. • • rid r, salts to the operative—the . petty traders, the power to go to the best ri the saving of 10 per cent. on the outlay • •• fern—the moral results appeared to me •. , striking. Springing is the first instance . master—benefiting in its daily action the worker— has greatly tended to draw these partite nearer' titer—to foster a more kindly and fraternal fe: • between them. It has also produced marer.::'.• among the men themselves. The ultimate . in this little democracy look with as keen ar. e •:. ... their captains and secretary as the sturdiest . ever watched the popular rulers of his nation. \ men have suffered so often from trust in men of • own order, that they are naturally suspicious—ar . - wonder. In the Chorlton mills this evil feeli: being gradually removed. Those who have char:, these outlays perform their duties with an or:., faithfulness, and promptitude which is goinz. . way to restore that confidence which has bee fully shaken. This is one of the happiest am far from thinking it yet complete: mot— in the integrity and wisdom of oar fellow-being- .• of the easiest things in the world to distarh—thenl. , : . difficult to restore. But the work is in inn can only be through a long series of exper: - which the affairs of the working classes sz-c ministered by men of their own order, s ` ••.: aims and clean hands, that that harmony et ; • and unity of action can be cbtained which reformer wishes to see brought &Lout a 3 t:te e. stone to an improved condition of things. W. le. .. Tae ATLANTIC, West, trailed from Livcrpoll terday forenoon for New York, with alma ps . .‘sec!z , : and a heavy cargo. TILE WHITSUNTIDE HOLIDAY-MATZEE 4 M cuzsren.—The enormous number of 21 1 2,0 , . the different stailms in Manchester durin; week, against Idi),UJJ last year , and 116,000 El i•t*".. . • TUB LON1)ON ASSOCIATION TOP. l' Xi. i I:• •,N we members erino waso this el;y associat ion tlWn l ytt w en al d attended . — G. -- " O a . IE Cotton '' : " . • fo '' • THADE.—Yesterday the annual general me tint • the chair.—Mr. T. Blakeman, the secretary, teed of the committee of management, which congritulatil to.. members on the improved and important posltion the ~•:.•• ciation had maintained ; on the number of ito matte: , the confidence rep,sed in it. by the trading comet ~t. :s • the metropolis" and many of the manufacturing rt.s.i cial towns, and upon its increasing ability to ail r supporters the assistarce and protection it was esta! , ..she. render. Since November, 1845, subscriptions la.- •• L• ••• ' ceived from 1,245 traders ; and 23 honorary men` ,:r• •• • • been elected. Thore had been a rapid iteresse of t ~•. ••• in the debt collecting department. Daring the y • and up to the 27th instant, 0,330 persons were wrvten payment of debts due to membc rs, and though the bority of debts sent in for collection were deem , I t• ad or of a very doubtful character, payments hal •..• tallied amounting to 8,0131. N. 9d., in addition ; • a:+•••' considerable sum had no doubt been paid to m,h.t•eis venally, that through inadvertence or accident hst notified at the office. The results of all appo.a., ;,:: settlement of debts had been duly registered, thus o ••• a timely caution and valuable information to so •,,11.•. , when credit was required from them. The conatu:;:e, tt.l petitioned in favour of the bill for the improv.inem •:•••' bankruptcy law and the extension of the " county courts. They had established and cont.m.e.i friendly correspondence with nearly every trade iloteeti society in the United Kingdom, an interchange was tire') effected of much useful information: the praemis CO6lllll=l of swindlers were more fully and prom, ti. es _ posed—trades, both in the metropolis and in the er..,••••,st towns, received intimation of all fraudulent attempts. ~, thus, by means of mutual cooperation, Butch portant information possessed by each society, ' Al ''' . available for the general good of ail traders who '.••••••t: their supporters. From the statement of account. pealed that the receipts were 1,1191. IN. 7,1.. there was a balance in the hands of the bankers of Mr. Beale called to the attention of the meeting teat t"' amount of debts collected during the last year wa.s.,to• : . many of these had been considered as bail debts. had been made during the year. The retail eenuo. . . s ty,: s London suffered m by bad debts than ills.) , did • 1 • 1 • • •' : : taxes which had been laid upon them, and t grti incubus which oppressed the trading society was •i•stL'Y borne. If the traders would work with the 5 0 .;..)., 1-s1 would find that they would be the means of ear,r.: amount of debt. The report was agreed to.—)ls •Is then an aced a resolution, that the progress et the was highly creditable to the management of the comas. we which was aimed to. a M di O i Is