The Express. — London, England, 1850-04-03 00:00:00

the CAI:ImM. OUTOOINO MAILS. The sails for Mader* the Brazils, amid Bassos Ayres, will to made ay to.toorrow mobs. The nails hoe British North Amelia mad the United Slaws will tie node on on the swabs of Awli 6. The mil* for Liam, sod .beittar will be wade up as April 7. Tbe wails yid Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, i Ceylon, led* Hearioes, i.., will ba ands sprg 'reship of April I. The Vest India Mails, melodist Beressida, Ilavaanah, Mesas, Hmidarse. New Orissa% and Menke, sad iseladisp Base for Maileirs. $O. Jumesals-Niesseaus, New Oranadis, ChM, end PIM will los ardour ea April 17. The mills ter Gibrahmr, Malta, Ones', the Isaias Naps, C•yloa, lad* sad Chime. no Boathamapiew. isha l bo node up on tho mesas of April 20. NMI WALVIS al . 1110111111011 IMUDIBM. Ton Dal—llketim& S. 0.16 1=" We. Tv•••••mor-.111asely. 413 / 4 . as. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3. leeslatiant' and muntloned of the , we tell have On!' great issuure medical L introduction meats of the oomnis.... pretension._ To Istemkes any iseasure confirming the old powers eV 1111 ff Mere of Physicians wad flue gems, Cr grandees One new ones, would be to kindle afresh the luau *axed. and to divide and mint' tie the profusion afresh. We wish we could se* ear nest sullied referniersmore impressed with this fact; bat few, vary few, of them seem to be able to look at the illeraioll et edical legislation but through the spestaeles of collegiate institutions. They all seem allege mad. All agree that nothing can be done with the alleges whilst the law remains as it Is. One would think, then, that the proper way to secure college re form would be to alter the law. But no ; all ire have been about now is some gimcrack arrangement about colleges, which, if carried into effect to-day, would recurs, whited the law remains as it is, to be altered to-morrow. We find that even that very respectable body of medical practitioners, the Provincial Medical and Surgical Amiciation, do not apprehend the ne cessity for understanding first prineiples of legislation before legislation commences. The council of this body has just issued a circular, in which they state that the principles alone " on which any comprehen sive and satisfactory measure" of medical reform can be based are : " lstly. Uniform and sufficient qualification in eve 7 branch of medical science. " 2adly. /kcal right fur all so qualified to practise throughout the whole extent of her Ilajesty's domi nions. " 3rdly. The adoption of the representative prin ciple in the formation of the council cr governing bodies." Although we do not profess to understand the hill import ci the first of these principles, we gather from it and the second that the association recognises the necessity of the legislature regarding the medical man as soeh, and not in his artificial relation to colleges ; and this recognition having taken place, he is to be allowed to practise how and where he pleases without interference. To the third principle we bare no objection, but it involves conditions fee the chartering of colleges which we think might be kept back till the other two principles are folly carried into effect by the legislature. The first two relate to a license to practise which we hold should only be given by the government ; the last box reference to bodies granting diplomas, which we think should ever be different things from licenses. But this license and diploma are so jumbled together in our present corporations that medical men seem incapable of soparating them, and, after the enuncia tion of the above principles, wo find the council of the association sapiently proposing the following ques- Vons: " hotly. Can these principles be carried nut by the alteration of the Charter of the Cillrge of Physi cians in the manner proposed by them, and generally approved of by the profession. and by the alteration of the charter of the College of Surgeons in the manner recently proposed by that body? 2ndly. Can the College of Surgeons be 113 modified as to become the licensing board of the gineral practitioners. either alone or in conjunction with some other body P 3dly. If not, is it desirable that a separate incor poration of the general practitioners should be ob tained ?" Two *Ears of more than ordinary distinction and emolument have been filled up during the pest week, and both have been conferred on mimbers of the aristocracy. The First Commissionership of Woods and Frets's, vacant by the promotion of Lord CAR usEE to the Chancellorship of the Duchy of Lam:eater, his been given to Lord SEYMOUR ; while the post of Lord Steward of the royal household, vacant by the resignation of Earl FORTESCUE, has b.en given to the Marquis of WESTMINSTER. We have no objection to make to either of the noble lords thus sclected as the objects of ministerial favour; for ministerial inch appointments confessedly are. Neither do we pause to question in the present instance how far the offices alluded to may or may not be superfluous. To each a salary of 2,0031. a year is attached; and certain duties, forming a more or le s intelligible consideration for the payment of slid monies, are supposed to be discharged by the incumbents foe the time being. We take for granted that there is nothing to be done by the head of the reformed commission of Woods and Forests which Lerd SEYMOUR is not qualified to do; and without flattering Lord WESTMINSTER we are blend to presume that be can walk backwards before the QUEEN, and execute other courtly feats of homage as well as any other peer of the realm. Neither do we sympathise in any degree with the feelings manifested by a morose contemporary against noble recipients of political honours; or desire to swell a vulgar cry spinet them because of their c on spicuous fortune. The Marquis of WESTMINSTER is known ID possess princelv revenues, and whatever his expen diture, or his estimate of the value of money may be (of which we desire to know nothing), the addition of 2,0001. to his income cannot reasonably be supposed to mike any practical difference in his most noble affairs. Neither do we believe that the pecuniary value of the office recently conferred upon the son of the Duke of SOMERSET constitutes its principal attrac tion in his 'eyes. Were it so, there is little doubt that the whip would not have been nearly four years in office without finding some opportunity f.r grati fying the wishes of so aleph and so valuable a sup porter. But we would fain direct attention to more suitable and more serious considerations—considera tions to which these appointments naturally give To the bulk of the community, for whose weal the state in its manifold departments exists, and by whose industry the means of remunerating those who occupy them are contributed in taxation—it matters little which of the Altar noblesy is a favourite at court or with the minister. Just as little does it sig nify in their estimation whether a sinecure enriches the marquisate of the Reform bill era, or a dukedom three centuries old Provided there be no blemish on the public or nrivate honour of him whom the cro en deliehteth to honour, the people take small note of its preferences, and yield a ready because indifferent ac quiescence in its choice. Tee number of offices and pay attached to each is another matter ; bat we re peat that in the mere selection of individuals to fill them the public is, in general, a lenient arid mpre judiced judge, and seldom troubles its busy head with small scandals, petty priorities, or foolish favouritism.. Polif col or personal unfitnt sew& n clearly made out in any particular cue, the public indeed is ever ready to resent. When Lord LONDONDERRY, for example, was named ambassador to St. Petersburg in 1835, the uni versal sentence of condemnation forced the reluctant terries to cancel the appointment. And when Lord Et- LENBOHOUOII was made Governor-General of India, the incorruptible judgment of public opinion anticipated that deplorable Lose which, in the course of a few months, signalised his peremptory recall. Bat in stances of this kind are, comparatively speaking, the exceptions; and no rule is requisite in order that we should be prepared to deal with them when they arise. What does concern the people of this country, and what there has too long been an urmanly reluctance to grapple with, is this,—that administrative cffioes of trust and distinctloe ought rot to be monopolised by the aristocracy. We don't object to this nobleman having a court place because he is rich, or to the other nobleman because his ancestral honours date from the Pi.sersnesers. Bat we do object tothe continuance of a system of unjust and impolitic exclusion of talent, worth, and service, on the ground of its being plebeian. By the letter of the constitution all men are eligible to every trust, preferment, and distinction in the state. Yet what is the practice? Why, that every department is stuffed with lords and lordlier, or their immediate connexions. Not only is every branch of the aristocratic bough that shiers the least promise of fruitfulness sought out and sedulously cared for, but too many upon which no fruit his ever or will ever grow, are made partakers of the same benefits. A few individuals of ureennobled lineage are to be seen, it is true, in every public office, on whom the chief burthen and toil devolve. But the chief por tion of the fame, where there is any, and the chief portion of the pay in any case is systematically appro priated by one or more of the privileged order. The government of this country, we are told in school histories, consists of three estates ; and the showmen of the new Palace of Westminster undertake to point out the separate positions occupied by Queen, Lords, and Commons in the combined blueness of legislation. But inasmuch as the admi nistration of laws is of considerably more importance than their perennial modifications by parliament, un los the Commons renew an equal share of the power and responsibility of the executive as well as of the legislature, it is ridiculous to talk of a tri partite government, or of an equipoise of influents,. between the one, the many, and the few. We speak not in a party sense, or for a party object. We con tend for the indefeasible right of the people to have a fall and fair share in the administrative rule of their country. To pretend that they possess anything ap roachiog thereto would be mare mockery. On sat- ferance or by favour, a commoner without high con nexions may be admitted to the cabinet, or other notable distinctions. But when such events occur, men set about discussing how in the world it came to peas, and through what unknown instrumen tality it was effected. As of right, of natural conse quence, of equal justice, no such events are ever dreamed of. Great wealth is, indeed, regarded now and then as an alternative qua lification to birth. But although this is a useful relaxation of the exclusive rule to those who thus squeeze in, and to those who maintain the exclude°, it affords no compensation to the great middle class, who feel themselves only the more distinctly and invidiously disfranchised, when they behold one of like extraction to their own singled out for honour because in the accident of wealth he differs widely from the residue of his fellows. With regard to the first question, we feel inclined to ask the council of the association whether they have really seen • draft of the new charter of the College of Physicians. If they have, they must ; see that not one of their pnnciples is carried 4 oat in it. The college does not require a " sufficient qualification in every branch of medical i science." It does not contemplate equality of right, I even amongst i's own members, much less in the pro fession. It does not seept the representative prin. 4 ciple in the formation of its cannel!. The same I answer may be given to the question about the Col lege of Surgeons asd its coctemplated charter. With regard to the second question, we say that it would be unjust to make the College of Surgeons a licensing board at the expense of all the other boards ; but let them, if you please, be one of the beards upon the production of whcse diploma the govern ment will grant a licence to practise. To the third question we would answer—Get your two first prin ciples recognised, and then see if you want a new col lege. We think the effect of uniformity of education and qualification, and equality of rights, would work a mighty change in the Colleges cf Physicians and Surgeon., perhaps ultimately unite them and place them at the head of a common profession, which as it contemplates one great object by the same set of means sight to have been divided,and we could not have a better visible unity in England than such an institu tion as the Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians, united and governed on the representative principle. We look forward with some anxiety to the meeting called by the National Institute for the 11th of April. We hope there will be representatives from all parts of the United Kingdom, and that they will come with a determination to support no college, no charter, no ina'itution, but simply to insist on the profession being put in a right position with regard to the state. A well-educated body of men, secured by a sound exa mination, the right to practise, the prosecution of pre tenders, the suppression of quackery and the sale of quack medicines, and henouesecording to men', are ' all points of much greater importance than any cor porate rights or professional standing which the cog s 1 ea r s -"^•• •• have got to bestow, Tits breach between the College of Surgeons and the other parties to the Medical Reform Bill that was to have been brought icto parliament during the last session, is evidently undergoing the proem's of heal ing. Si, GEORGE GREY, in answer to a question from Mr. WELD, stated in the House of Commons, very modestly, that the LORD ADVOCATE had had frequent communications on the subject of some better regulations with respect to the medical profession, and ho hoped to be able to establish a system that would be approved by medical men, although he did not hope to plea., all parties. Now we have not the slightest doubt that Sir Geonos GREY could carry through the House a bill that would matt with the approbation of the London Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians, and' perhaps of the university authorities and colleges of the sister kingdoms, but if the bill of the Lam; AD VOCATE is to be based upon the "principles of medical THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY - EVENING, APRIL 3, 1850. the satuests oo 2=- of aberseeoratims, aul Dille mi llg t Ottitilflut path. *IOW tirio al ters ice of Oa Mg" den Rep= 1 , 1 : 3 1 11 1 i the alarlaind in if the geroshial al , the Left piresed a tad of 1,100,000 fr. M. Ju les Fame - spoke in fevenrellthe independence of the parable/ any, whom it eau essential to emancipate Irak the metro& of prelates, and to make unremovable by In sepericee.l7. M. Purim:, the Meister r/ Weeilgr was left re yin'. A report was spread on the th, at the Bourse of Marseilles, that ens of the mil-packets of the Le. Taal, the Lyourgas, had been lost in the Dardanelles. Upon itiquby, t tau out that the Lyonrgne, thrown out of her reei it by the fogp and snowy wee thee, streak upon a sand-bent in the month of the Dardanelles, on the 16th of Much. The steamer Memo, and a hundred stamen of the lellexible, were sent as soon as possible to aid the Lyeugue in getting afloat. The passenpre, despatches, crew, and merchandise were saved. — iii7fundasi;;;;easible fall upon yestarday. The last news from Germany seems partimo bate contributed to this result, and partly the uncertainty which prevails as to the success of the important mea sures of repression which have been submitted by the government to the Assembly. The Fives opened at the Passage of the Overa pretty firm, having risen to 90-35. But at the Bourse the course of exchange, which openod at 90.26, fell by degrees with scarcely a break to 89 60, to remount and finish at 8985, a fall of 86 centimes upon yesterday. As the German news is not graver to da y than yesterday, the uncertainty of the political situation here is probably the real cause of this fall of securities. The fall at the Vienna Bourse appears also to have been not without effect upon the funds of Paris. Nearly the whole press attacks the arrogant dicta tion of the Napoleon respecting the urgency of the repressive laws, and condemn the alarmist tone adopted by that weekly organ of the Eire.. The Opinion Reptibh'que declares that it will not in the forthcoming election at Paris support a conserva tive candidate, unless. the conservauve party bring forward a legitimist. This journal expresses its in tention in the following terms : M. Vidal has decided to sit for the Bas-Rhin, and con sequently the department of the Seine will have a new election. We are informed that the Union Ekdoralo, which, according to its statutes, ought to dimly@ and re constitute itself shush, intends remaining in function, and that it is decided to maintain M. Foy es candidate. We like clear and frank positions, and we therefore think it our duty at once to mate that they who had Immo, d the definitive list of the Union, notwithstanding their repugnance, as weU us they who had rejected it, are decided this time not to admit any candidattship which in their eyes would have the great wrong of being the expression of the selfi.h policy which alone produced the present situation, and the pro moters of which aro still the greatest obstacle to the solu tion demanded by the general interest. A. to us we made, in the first struggle, the concession of our silence to conciliator ; bat th is time we cannot consent to accept the same p-altion. or gist they might not anticipate the dal— Jim of the other home, or the further replaeldieei which are expected from the Tenvidursge-Bath, who recent 'mealtime could not be considered `as an ultimatum. It concluded by 'reseentsending that no time should be lost, and that the necessary preparation for the revision should et- once be com menced. The report was agreed to, and the mem mittee proceeded at ones to the revi sion of tholes.- damental rights. They managed to get through twenty-four paragraphs, from Par. 128 to 162, making bat very slight alterations. In the ph which refers to civil marriages, an amen meat wee istro duced, assimilating ft to the paragraph in the Prussian constitution, which declares that differences of faith are not a ci vil bar to The committee of is t a h r e liz rakshaus received and adopted a similar report from their reporter Camp hausen (the ex-minister), and then proceeded to a revision of the fundamental rights. They resolved to recommend the striking out of the paragraph which ordains the abolition of fidei commits. (entails in trust), in order to assimilate this part of the consti tution to the Prussian. Your readers will remember that thefidei commine formed one of the points of the royal message in February last, and that in con sequence of the king's recommendation they were retained in the Prussian constitution. The committee was very diligent in the course of its sitting. They finished the revision of the fundamental rights, and began the political organisation of the Confederation. It is expected that, with diligence and persever ance the committee will be able to conclude their preliminary revision before the re-assembling of the parliament. llassenpfing's proceedings in Cassel are exciting public attention. It was of course to be expected that he would lose no time in surrounding himself with his own political friends; but the wholesale manner in which he displaces the present holders of government offices in order to make way for them is remarkable. Yesterday the Voix du Perlde was seized. The fall in the price of wheat continues. Accord ing to the table drawn up on Feb. 28, at the depart ment of the Interior, the enrage for all France was 14f. 33c. On March 31 the average was 14fr. 4c. This diminution extends to almost all the markets which serve to regulate the average. Mrs. Heald (Lola Monte.) arrived in Paris on Thursday evening front Boulogne, and yesterday left the Hotel Victoria, where she had been staying, until the Chateau Beaujon, in the Champs Elyteee, which has been taken by Mr. Heald, could be prepared for her reception. Mr. Heald was to arrive at the Cha teau Beaujon yesterday. 'fhe tribunal of correctional police of Lycns, a few days since, condemned different persons to fines amounting to 24,975 francs, for hsvit g sent the prices of the Paris Bourse and imp3rtant news from Paris to Lyons by pigeons, so as to anticipate the mail, and enable certain individuals to make speculations on the stock examine of Lyons. Ths Mondeur publishes the official return of the election for the Vosges. The number of electors in serib.d was 114,099 ; the number who voted was only 62,134. M. Guilgot obtained 33,514 votes, and Gene ral Raoul 26,705. The former, therefore, was de clared duly elected. BOURSE. Ake," published by the motioned by three of Edisr ae bat il -11:1 4 4 19as !It committee of the boasaiti n U Sir Elsones al= oni n given eatidactioa pr t bn body of the on woad mak, \is ire as utterly futile. If this eternal hubbub about al reform hover lobe put down, it must be by the ludas of a aware founded on the require- " at the community and justice to the medial . . FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY, 5 P.M. In yesterday's sitting of the National Assembly no question of interest presented itee'f. The faculty of theology escaped the greater part of the reduction proposed by the committee, while the professors of the Ecole de Medecine bad their salaries cut down by I,ooof. The amendment of Mortimer Tereaux, which proposed to suppress the aids granted to the lyceums and communal colleges, was rejected by a large majority. The redactions of the committee on the Museum of Natural History were voted. The assembly stopped at public libraries. The great event of the day was M. Vidal's option for the Bas Rhin, which opens once more the electoral lists of the Seine to a struggle between the two great parties. Before the public sitting the representatives met in their bureaux to appoint two committee, one on the bill proposing to carry over to the year 1843 a sum of 446,393 fr. 69:., remaining unemployed out of the credit of five millions voted in September, 1848, for agricultural colonies in Algeria; and the other, on the bills lately presented relative to pensions to be granted for the families of the persons who were killed in February, May, and June ; both committees are favourable to the measures proposed. But for an animated speech by Jules Fevre the sitting of the Legislative Assembly would have pre sented today little more interest than yesterday. A series of minute economies, the sum total of which is insignificant, were proposed and mostly adopted. The discussion of the budget of public instruction was cloned. A lucky under-librarian caught the house in a fit of nee ion against excessive parsimony, and es caped a proposed reduction of his salary to the amount of 2,6001 r. The chapter concerning pensions for the encouragement and supptrt of literary and scientific merit drew from M. Charles Duran and some others a feeling remonstrance against so uncivi lised an economy. Nevertheless a reduction of 17,000 fr. was voted. Oa the chapter of scientific missions a reduction of 61,000 fr. was voted and carried. What gave this part of the debate some faint interest was • mares proposed by M. Placatory in favour of the French school at Athens, which the Minister of Public Instruction had the sincerity to avow was an invitation founded with a political aim. The items of " publication of inedited documents," "aids to the fund of ministerial pen sions," "public instruction in Africa " suoceeded. - The pension-fund obtained assistance to the amount of half a million of francs, but redactions were effected on both the other items. The budget of public in struction having been finishe , d, the Assembly pulsed to that of worship. A division took place on the pro position of M. Wallow, to effect a reduction on the personnel. The number of votes was 678: For the random, 324; against, 255. The Assembly ed to appoint four com mittees, the first torrr e t: members, to consider the propositions emanating front parliamentary initiative, PARIS, Aran. 2. Yoe Pm Amount. licaryl Opening Illibest. Lowest. Closing per Cents. ....... 33 60 55 70 St 70 63 50 53 C 0 per Gists. do. New Loss „ is n sr g per Cents._ , 77 30 o w • w -- —, 3 per Cents. ....... 33 60 55 70 5) 70 63 50 55 C 0 3 per oents. 3 do. New Loan a w so “ ii i per Cents.— 4 per Cents l4 PA/ hangs on Loara: at sight. 13 30 1 "26 ) 41 1 2 . ,5 37 1 " Belgian, 3, 1910 , 99 Ikawy. Napes, Keats.. . 93 Money Dia 3, 1142 Do. 46 Do. 8 riedmoot 3 per Cents. al5 „ Bank Shares 2183 0 Bovass—Per sad Orleans, 770 ; Paris end Rouen. 513 ; Avignon and Ilarrellles, 197 30, Strasbourg ant Basle, 116 25 Orleans sad Vlerson, 318 23; Orleans and Bordeaux, 393; Norther; ; 423 73 ; Paris and Strasbourg, 333; Tours sod Nantes, 238 73 ; ktoateresa and Troyes, 10373; Bordesui sad Tree, 30; Versailles Visht bank), 173yersailles (left bank), 148 73 ; St. Ceermabi, 380. SPAIN. Hopes are entertained at Madrid that the mediation of the King of the Belgians will this time be effectual, 1 and Isturite is getting himself ready to return to England as Minister Plenipotentiary. With respect to the settlement of the differences between Spain and England, my letters add that the ultimatum of England is daily expected. Spain is prepared to accept this ultimatum, and thus diplo matic relfitions will be reestablished. It is said that i tile official text of the nOl 3 2f the :Wu elbinets is already agreed on. This document is expected to appear in the Gaulle. Turin is to be fortified. ITALY. The arms of Austria, replaced during the night of the 22nd on the Palazzo di Venezia, were unveiled with much ceremony cn the morning of the 23rd, a numerous crowd of spectators preserving the most profound silence. The absence of the French military authorities was remarked, and became the subject of general comment. A report prevailed that the Pope, Instead of returning to Rome, meditated secret flight to Leghorn, where he would pot himself wholly in the hands of Austria. Hence the surveillance of the French fleet. Cardinal Lambruschini war to precede his holiness to Rome with an amnesty, from which only 30 persons would be excluded. SARDINIA. The Voix d'ltalie,;,Wrin journal, mentions a rumour that appears to acquire consistency among the military men of Piedmont, namely, that the Minis ter of War iatends to surround Turin with fortifica tions. GERMANY. PRUSSIA. Oar correspondent writes as follows : ERFURT, lfsacit 30. The alarm and uneasiness excited by the condition which the Verwaltunge-Rath have appended to the en bloc adoption of the constitution seem to be gra dually subsiding. The committees of both houses are proceeding rapidly with the revision, animated by the conviction that no measures will be takes which can in any way impede the progress of the great work of which the Erfurt yarliament is to be the instrument. The prt senoe of Herr von Radowits in Berlin, where it is known that the final course of the Prussian government will be decided on, is regarded as most favourable to the desired result, his recent speech having fully restored him to the confidence of the friends of the more intimate confederation. Both committees met this morning, and are to meet again to-night. In the Btaateehaus committee, the sub-committee, consisting of Campbaunen (the brother of the ex-minister), Von Patow. and Von Sybel, made their report, which recommended the adoption of the constitution en bloc as the only advisable mums under the altered political relations to the other states (Hanover and Saxony), but stated, on the other hand, it would be quite impossible to conclude the work of the constitution without subsequently making se veral important alterations, particularly with re gard to the fundamental rights. The report farther recommended that the committee should express a favourable opisien on the subject of the alterations proposed by the Verwaltung.- Bath, and stated that the sub-committee felt bound to refrain from making j any further proposal on the subject of the adop- I lion, en bloc, in connection with the revision, in PORTUGAL. The Oriental Company's steam picket, Pasha, Captain Weeks, arrived at Southampton yesterday, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieutenant Wilson, lt.N., Admiralty agent. ller dates are : Gibraltar, Mlrch 25 ; Cadiz, March 26 ; Lisbon, March '2.9 ; Oporto, it blowing a gale did not com muniewe ; Vigo, March 30. (A summary of the intelligezee received by elec tric telegraph appeared in yesterday's Express.) Our correspondent writes se follows : LISBON, MARCH 28. The project of law to restrain the monies of the press passed in the Chamber of Deputies on the 23rd, the numbers being 68 for and 16 against. The oppo sition were, towards the close of the debate, some e hat paralysed. They all left the chamber during the speech of Silva Cabral. All the amendments were rejected, except those which proceeded from the com mittee appointed to bring in the law. During the debate upon the subject of it, it app• ars one of the members of the committee was seized with parcel:, bill; this the opposition attributed to a judgment from heaven, for their iniquity in proposing the law. As soon as Silva Cabral had concluded, as his was the closing speech of the debate, the opposition re entered the Chamber t 3 give their votes. Nothing has occurred in the Chambers beyond a petition presented to each of them by the Bank of Portugal, asking for forty contos of reis, forcibly taken from their branch bank in Oporto by the Junta in the year 1817. The Bank charter paned the peers without altera tion, and waits only for the royal ascent to become law. Although tha project regarding the press has passed ti.e Lower Chamber by what may be called an overwhelming majority, yet it is somewhat difficult to say what its final result may be. In addition to the many protests against it, the legitimists have framed one, which has been numerously signed, and conunihs op.m for signature. While I am on this subject, I may as we'l say that as the jury to decide cases of the press must possess a certain qualification, it will become absolutely necessary to have a new law of election. New law.; are also required respecting roads, agricu:ture, com merce, and colonies.. . . . . The country ie quiet. Agriculture is in a state of prosperity. Rice has become indigenous ; but from disease which has appea'ed in the districts where the rice grows, some interested persons have persuaded the government to stop its culture in the proximity of the towns. On the 25th the Rosamond steamer put in on its way to England, and left the same day. The Generous, Neapolitan cot vette, is in the liver. Tne Audit= arrived from England oa the 23th, and on the 26th the whole squadron, consiAing of the Prince Regent, Indefatigable, Leander, Thetis, Phaeton, Le Hogue, Arrogant, and Terrible arrived ; they are riding in a line from the Black Horse-square downwards which has caused many conjectures, u by the reg ulations of the port foreign vesuls of war are resttiettd to a certain anchorage. . P The recent news from Paris, giving an account of the elections which terminated in favour of the Socialists, and the reports spread respecting new claim; made by the British, him: given rise to many speculative opinions, some of them quitc nn!oundel. A report is in circulation that an American squadron is expected here, to enforze the eleims made by the American government, of which you have some time since been informed. Count do Thomar is fast recovering from his late indisposition; he has gone for a few days to Meal- Lida fer a change of air. kcordiog to annual custom of commuting the sen tences of criminals during the Holy Week, a council of state has been assemb led for the purpose, as well as for the prolongation of the chambers. I have omitted to mention that the prok et of law to do away with entailed property at Madeira (Mor gados), sent to a committee of the Chamber of Peers, has been rejected. This may interest many of your readers in commercial transactions with that island. The government, on asking of the Chamber of Depu ties the paint to receive the taxes during the present economical year before the voting of the animal sup plies, declared that they would, after next July, pay regularly one month's salary to all the public func tionaries. THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES. My dear Count Teleki,—l have received with feel ings of gratification and of pride the letter which you have done me the honour to address to me, and which, together with your signature, bears those of General Klapka and Mr. Pulszky. The warm mariner in which you are pleased to acknowledge such poor services as I have been able to render to yoar countrymen proves to me that you thoroughly appreciate the deep interest I take in the cause of your country. It is true that the instance of Hungary is not the first in which I have endeavoured, however ineffectually, to defend the cause of liberty against oppression. Poland, the earliest victim of the spirit of aggression, and contempt for inter- national law, evinced by the great despotic powers of the continent Poland, so cruelly tortured, so shamefully abandoned, first excited, and will never cease to engage my ardent sympathy : but wherever I see men struggling for freedom, and bravely defending right against might, those men will over have in me, if not a powerful, at least an earnest and a cordial friend. Would to God that my power to aid the canoe of your country, than which there never was one more just and more righteous, were in proportion to my good will. Then would no Hungarian languish in exile, either in Europe, is America, or in Asia; then would the iLustrious Kossuth, released from cap tivity by those who now unwillingly detain him, constrained by the alms encroaching and arbitrary power which has already put down the reign uf liberty and order in Poland and in Hungary ; then would Kossuth once more rally all I fungarians under' the standard of rational liberty; of the ancient Hun garian constitution, rooted in the usages of centu ries, but reformed according to the requirements of the present age, and extending to every class, and every creed, the benefits of civil, religious, and com mercial freedom. Then would Hungary be glorious and happy herself; surrounding nations would learn the principles of liberty and justice by her example; and the b le ssings enjoyed by her would tend to pro mote the prosperity of every nation in the world. Pray accept, and present to your oolleasuese my beat thanks for your kind letter ; and believe me to be, my dear Count Teleki, w ith t rue regard, A gur's sincerely, DUDLEY COUTTS BTU T. 31, fit. James's-place, Much 28. -7Orty pilkished e jr*ts THE UNITED STATES. a eremite received by telegraik _ a brought iy a-- Canada, Capt. Harrison: The Canada's New York dates ars to the .20th ult.' she sailed from Halifax on the 23rd, passed Holyhead about 3 p.m. on Monday the let east., and entered the Mersey about midnight. The Canada had a large number of pawngass oa board. The discussion in the senate at Washington on Mr. Clay's compromise reeolutions was still in progress. Mr. Badger, of North Carolina, was heard on the 20th ult. He declared himself willing to receive California into the union as she presents herself, to aid in abo- lishing the slave trade in the district of Columbia, apse °sedition that the north wilt abandon the Wil mot proviso, and aid in passing " proper " laws for the re-rapture of Nide° slaves.) The only speech delivered in senate since the despatch of the previous mail, to which equal im trel, with the speeches of Messrs. Clay and Cel i attached by the American public, is that of Mr. Daniel Webster. It was delivered, as was ex pected on the 7th ult. Mr. Webster commenced by declaring :—" I wish to speak today, not as a Mainschneette man, nor as a northern man, bat as an American, and a member of the senate of the United Statrre." After an eloquent and rapid sketch of the agitation which pervades the American public he aided, " I speak, to-day, for the preservation of the union." To this end Mr. Webster enlarged upon the differences between the south and north on the sub ject of slavery. He admitted faults on the side of both, but declared unequivocally for the progressive extinction of slavery. He even went so far u to indicate measures by which he thought this object might be promoted. With regard to California he was against incorporating any declaration either for or against slavery in its constitution, on the ground that slavery in that country was by a law of nature impossible. His remarks on this subject were as follows : Now, sir, as to California and New Mexico, I hold slavery to be excluded from those territories by a law even superior to that which admits and sanctions slavery in Texas—l mean the low of nature—the law of physical geography—the law of the formation of the earth. That law settles for ever with a strength beyond all terms of human enactment, that sla very cannot exist in California or New Mexico. U. derstand me, sir I mean slavery as we regard it—slaves in gross, of the coloured race, transferable by sale and delivery as other lroperty. I shell not contest the point. I leave that to the earned gentlemen who undertake to discuss it; but I sup pose there ale no slaves of that description in Mexico now, and suppose there never will be. I understand that this sort of feudal servitude in which men or, sold for debt, exists in California and some parts of Mexico. Hut what I mean to say is, that the existence of African slavery, as we see it here among tr., is as utterly impossible to find itself or to be found in Mexico, as any other natural impossibility upon anything el-e. Why, sir. California and Mexico are Asiatic in V sir formation and their scenery. They are comp , sed of vast ridges of moun tains of an enormous height, sometimes broken by ikep valleys. The sides of these mountains are barren—entirely barren. Their tops are capped by perennial snows. Thrre may be in California, now made tree by herconstitution, and there are, no doubt, some tracts of valuable tenet; but it is much leas valuable when you get into New Mexico. Pray, what is the evidence upon this subject which any gentleman hoe collected by informati .n sought by himsel, or stated b. others ? I have read all 1 could read, and learned all I could learn on the subject. What is there in New Mexico that could by possibility induce anybody to go there with a slave There are soma narrow slips of tillable land upon the bor den of the riven ; but the men tLemselees cry up before midsummer. All that the native people can do is to raise some little article—some little wheat and other grain fur their own use, and all that by irrigation. Who eaoects to see a hundred black men cultivating tobacco, corn, cotton, rice, anything on lands in New Mexico, made fertile only by irrigation ? I leek upon it, therefore, as a " fixed fact"—to use a current expression of the day—that both Cali fornia and New Mexico ere destiled to be free, so far as they ars settled at all—which I believe, especially with regard to Ntw Mexico, will be very little for a great leneth of time—fne by the arrangement of things—by the powers above us. And I have, thcref re, sir, to say in this respect also, that this county is fixed for freedom to as many per sons as shall ever live there, by an irrepralable law—a more irrepealable law than the law which appeals to the right of holding slaves under legal enactments. And I well say, further, sir, that if a resolution or a law were now bet. - re us to proei to a territorial; government for New Mexico, I would vote to put into it no pr ihibition whatever. The use of such a prohibition would be idle, as it respects any effect upon the territory. I would not take pains to reaArra an ordinance of nature nor to re enact the will of God. I would put in no Wilmot proviso for the purpose of a taunt and reproach—an evidence of superior viral or superior power—to wound the pride, even—whether a just and rational pride or no irrational pride—to wound the pride of the gentlemen and the people of the 9•uthern Stater. I have no such object and no such purpose. They would thick it a taunt and an indipity. They would think it to be an act taking away from them what they regard as a proper equa lity of privilege. Whether they are expected to realise any benefit from it or not they wduld feel that at least a theo retic wrong—something defog eory in some degree more or Least° their character—had taken place. I need not inflict any such wound upon the feelings of anybody, unless in a ease where something essentially important to the country and etfitient to the preservation of liberty and freedom is to be effected. Therefore I repeat, sir, and I repeat it because I wish to be understood about !it—l do not propose to ad. dress the Seaate often upon this subject. I desire to pour out all my heart as plainly as possible. I say, therefore, sir, that if the proposition were !now here for a government for New Mexico, and it was moved to insert a provision for the piro bibition of slavery, I would cot vote for it. Now, Mr. Pre sident, I have established, so far as I propose to go into any obsetvations to establish the proposition with which I set out —upon which I mean to stand or to fall ; that is that the whole territory in the states of the United States, or in newly acquired territories of the United States, has a fixed and settled character, now filed and settled by taw, which cannot be repealed, in the cue of Texas, without violation of public faith, and which cannot be repealed by any human power in regard to California and New Mexico. L oder one or the other of these laws, every foot of territory in the S•ates or in the territories has now received a fixed and decided character. Sir, if we wore now tasking a govern ment for New Mt xico, and any body should propose the Wilmot proviso, I should treat it exactly as Mr. Polk treated that propo.ition for excluding slavery from Oregon. Me. rclk was known to be in opinion decidedly adverse to the Wilmot proviso: but he felt the necessity of a law (or the go vernment of the territory of Oregon. And thouah the Wilmot proviso was there, he knew that it would be a perfectly nugatory proviso ; and since it must In entirely nngatory—since it took away no describable, estimable, weighable, or tanaible right of the south, he sai d he would sign the bill for the sake of enacting a law fir the gen m meat of the territory, and let that entirely uselea—and. in that connexion, entirely senseless—proviso remain, Fur myself I will say—we hear of the annexation of Canada—if there be any man, any of the northern democracy, or any of the free soil party who suppose it necessary to insert a Wilmot proviso in the territorial g ivernment of NOW Mexico, that man will, of course, be of opinion that it is necessary to protect the everlasting snows of Canada from the foot of slavery by the same overpowering wing of an act of Congress. Now, sir, wherever there is a practical good to be done—whoever there is an inch of land to be stayed back from becoming slave territory, I am ready to ins-rt the principle of the exclusion of slavery. I am pledged to that from 1837—pledged to it again and again—and I will per form those pledges. But:1 will not do a thing unnecessarily that wounds the feelings of others or that dots disgrace to my own understanding. The new French minister, M. Bois Le Campte, was officially presented to the President on the morning of the 18th of March. The interest which attaches to the relations of two republics whose historical connexions have been so important warrants our giving the speeches delivered at the interview entire. The steam-ship Georgia arrived from Chagres at New York on the 15th of March, bringing on the gold, mails, and passengers who had arrived at Panama from California in the Panama steamer. The Georgia brought eight days' later intelligence from Chagres and two weeks later from California. The passage made on this occasion by Mr. Decree, the nail agent, is the quickest on record. lie left San Francisco on the let of February, reached Panama in 19, and Chagres in 23 days ; Harannah from Chagres in three days and 14 hours, and New York from Ha vannah in less than four days. The time en roide from San Francisco to New York was 33 days ; the number of actual travelling days 27. The manifest of the Georgia shows gold dust to the value of 693,594 dollars, and about 500,000 dollars additional was understood to have been brought in gold dust by the passengers. A correspondent of the New Iliek Herald gives the following items of Californian news : On the lath of December, both branches of the legislature met, but for the want of a quorum, adjourned over to the 17th, on which day the Senate met, and elect. d 1/r. R. li.irby Chamberlin, of San Diego, President pro. tempore, and Dr. White, of the Assembly, from Sacramento city, was elected Speaker of that body. By the steamer of the lat presume you have learned all this, u well as the result of the election of Visited States senators. The exact political strength of the legislators, however, has since beets decided as follows : in Semite, one whig and fifteen democrats ; in the Assembly, ten whip and twenty four democrat*. The Senate of California, composed of sixteen members, all intelligent-looking men, has bat three married men in it, and bat one who has not been ensued either in the Mexi can, Texien, or Californian war. Gee. Green, the father of the Senate, and the hero of tbo " Mier Fight," is • married man, and Dr. Chamberlin, late surgeon to the boundary line commimien and a surgeon in the United States army in the Mexican war, is a widower. Messrs. Bidwell, Benham, Lippincott, Post, Robinson, Taylor, Woodworth, and Ver mule, wen all engaged in the Calitonia war, as were Messrs. Yallsjo and De la Guerra (though the last-men- timed, gentlemen though they are, happened t— uone wrong side) ; Mr. Crosby, another married MA, is th e o 1 peace man in the Senate, and be, I learn, battled heave h ; whig, Tom Corwin, anti-war party in New Yore. .1%-; /Ague. Governor, Major M'Dougal, was also in ths H s , war, and an aid to the galla n t L ane . Hen n. 411 Douglass both served in that war, end came over itro..l?r4; Graham', party, fr Monterey, in N ew L eon. The C ana* le composed of thirty•four members, twe e t, „:" el era= en warriors and fighting men. The t'En.....) toellne, Wesel Huston, end the treasurer, e Boma, leek served in the Texan and Mexican sent;°l;,... the battle of Alamo to the capture of Mexico ; and '''. Whiting, the Surveyor General, w a s i n t h e Florida Whilst H. H. Robinson the state printer, w i th his pa, battled Tom Corw i n - upon his own —hill. 1 1 (h• — ' indeed, a fighting legislature ? For the first two weeks the business of this legisf seemed "up bill" one. But little was dote, eggith.--„ little sometimes had to be undone, owi ng to t h e inexgsg,;. " of the members in legislative matters, and the Wi tt printer. Having none, neiti ei knew what the oiler br it wu doing, which occasioned a good deal of dealt g yesterday, however, the two houses went into joint co. Gar v.; don, and elected H. H. Robinson, formerly tditee Cincinnati inquirer, but more rece n tly secretary v ; Boundary Lino Commission, state printer. Mr. of the firm of Robb, Marcy. and Robinson —a new formed during the sitting of the convention. K t jtj . „' (the " Saltaire" of the St. Louis lieneide) is se w ",., b the ; Marcy in expect th s e a s zt e c o st o a c i o r in f ora t e h r ia : Vsta-thSeacerslearyntaryag: press ?k lcluteridr:lauPdaWytr;U:ll2U:e:::.‘;:l;.; for en exchange. During the holidays we were amused, upon two . iec„, in succession, with bull, cock, and bear firnts, after kr. i r , and primitive California style. At the first exhibiti•,C r . hulls entered the lists, when having bee n goa d e d to ap,:a.;l", by their tormentors, by sawing off their hoer a and 'sea r off their tail., they were let loose in an ems, fery 5.,,, square, among some thirty horsemen and kernec: v. fought, much to the diversion of the ladies, until four n: and ids horses were seriously injured, when the aoim•i. let loose upon the plains. At the second referee, ; large grisly bear, lassoed on the day previous by ti' Californians, was brought into the arena by • ; horsemen, each having a lases attiched ta By one leg he was secured, by oaten. hula Iwo, to the leg of a furious lie:, auimals let loose to prey upon each other. Fur in a half they worried, goaded husged and clawed eel r.:r • greatly to the amusement of the audience, corn Of a governor, grave and potent senators, and tel say nothing of the hundreds of brunette Califon:is:, seemed particularly diverted. The bull, however, - r e. , • have the best bottom, and (slily worried and goaded death. Another tragedy immediately succeeded thit, e.. seemed more satisfactory still to the ladle.. A hail, • t mere magnitude and power was, nest brought of ids horns sawed off—when he was let loo.e, and L...p a by an old Spanish bullfighter end down. la an atte t ', foot, to threat a short spear, dr corired with paper, c it the form of a large rose, Into his neck, hi e t om • the bull caught him, in his fury, and thrust him sea:nsa rude fence, or enclosure, with such violence that he a...rt.. - the injury but a short time. This, to the se men, • the climax of smug , men', and the exhihition ter:-. amid shouts of applause. The Alla California brings down the err;- .., the r.ew sate to the end of January: There has been little charge in affairs on c the railing of the steam ship Californis, Capt. I: if! - 1•5. h January. The seam ship Panama. ~ leaves this port on the Ist of Februar), with a lA.: • li&t, but not a large amount of gold dust, in e the tightness whit's existed in the mo .ey 01:11-. • morning after the dep. rture of the last ateatuar, • r. „ rumour was prevalent that she had been cht..-• •.• cilito, by the order e f Commodore Jones, emir the i then due, should arr.ve from below, and bring 1 :. with respect t the Nicaraguan etifScuitiea. 'lt was much excitement is the public min of war were warmly discussed. There was n0t..: . .. for the report. The legislature at the capitol are woikir: T. • • . triously, though the treasury in to perfecuy 111 of 200,000 dollars was authorised, iu sumo not to i; 5,000 dollars • but the time for prrientic4 prtp •.: • and no capit alists ',peered to do the State a- y legislature ere undecided what to do. I: :. a • that State scrip be toned, which is probsoly the • dient which can be resorted to:—the civil ;:., !, under military authority, is claimed as *he p. lonia, and emigre.' is to be solioite 1s• . • Several wive and salutary laws ben bean er -.:• . . others a pilot law. A resolotion is now unrbr • which declares the coin issued by various parties r.• suppoeed value of 5 dollan and 10 dell/iv. t and coming within the full mottling et the 1-.:e . counterfeit coin ; also directing the issuers • redeem It within thirty dais Ater the ra,ts: : under penalty of legal proceedings for c .unta yr- • . parties contend that their coin is of the fol. v. . seated, and that it in only in the power of tt. I . authorities to prohibit its issue and institute . There bare been many arrivals from see • - of the last steamer, and many entierants have -rr..• . utmost energy is evinced in the city. the Sacramento City has, in a great measure, subs. • . amount of damage sustained was fa sh:r: : • anleipated. Although the ding , r is not over y - ti ns for the spring trade are carried en senile measures are being taken to constrn: . which will preclude all poesibiL•y of another i•-• : similar chancier. The news from the mites is of the most gra*ira: . not one•half of the &strew which w s . cciurred. in the upper portions of the i .aceta ti . • been so dcep as to compel the mantra to s. further, but thou who have wintered ab rvi • reason to complain. In many of the " digsin. r • co • have been made, and the result or lo' •• •.• • • ceeded the most sanguine expectations. Fro-is:or •t .• been scarce and have been prceureble at . - New towns are springing up in alt directions of the various streams, and are being buiii r v : ampled rapidity. Of course lard speculation i• • indulged in. The small steamers are daily way higher and high , r up, and reaping a rich hen e. , . they enhance the value of property, and increase the rity of the inhabitants. The kr commulic now good, and are daily increasing. As soon as tht • is over, the " dust " which his been collected .!sir • past season will be showered dawn upon us. seed to es of business will receive a fresh impetus. Dates from the city of Mexico are to the 1 • February. The insurgents, under Fernandez. reported to bare ceptured Victoria, the can.' . The trial of Dr. Webster bad commenced. tr i te m p a s illi to Pag e evidence of :inportance had been given more • ppei G e te m ix . ment hes marched a b has abed( bete published, COLONIAL. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.—CANA' The letter of our Montreal correspondent found to contain a fair and dispassionate , • the politically important news from thii MONTREAL, The history of the put fortnight has been of events indicating the state of feeling in since, on the topics which have for exnJ engaging attention. Tame elections in din - cry. tions have taken place. The tint, in the co: Sherbrooke, in ;he eastern towl.ships et Canada, has resulted in the return of Mr. the annexationist candidate but only by 0., small majority of 31, after u rtry close cotrc.% total number of votes pelted were, 1,.115. 1 `“ some circumstances attendant on this elect : ..n v of note: and they are apparently anomalous. parties have been loudly crvicg triumph. give you the views of each. First, the connexionists, with much sprat , ' son, say the victory is theirs. as a very great Bien has taken place. You will perhaps rru that it was this county which was the first to itself in favour of annexation, by sending a Lion to its former member, Nlr. A. T. Galt. upon him for a declaration of his views. quisition was then very numerously signed : attached to it upwards of a thousand calms. attempt was made at that time on the par: loyalists to get up a protest, but v..in!c, meeting called fur this purpose not lialfla-do • sons attended. This circumstance was subject of laughter by the annexationiat' , . was wade out of it by their organs. It s a that a counexionist could not show his 11,0 ' • • brooke. It is further true that it was la:e when the connexionists entered the lists. •• they did so as a forlorn hope. On the other hand, the anneiationists • everything on their side was untowa:d candidate, Mr. Sanborn, was a young las9 , r against which there is a strong prsjudiee s, tors); that he was an emigrant from the States, had only resided a few years in the and was not known beyond his township opponent, Mr. Cleveland, was an old ate.. r • years, and beloved by every inhabitat county, whether friend or toe; that the candidate was silent on the subject of ancev his address, and only conditionally. confirm:" the hustings; that government influence. s' pretty potent and scductire, was not spared • the remnants of the old tory and present la• parties made an unnatural marriage for t. the There can be no doubt of the truth of all It may be as well here to observe the' is a frontier county, and principally peof" a. grants from the States—first, by refugee afterwards by occasional settlers. 'lbis is :" the eastern townships, which have always racterimed for their conservatism and the ,