The Express. — London, England, 1861-11-07 00:00:00

H•RMONILIM/4—NEW MODEL Camas. UALL •ad wog,. to. & ' t4rwt. EA -D E-V I Pure PALE BRANDY, lei pee eathe. 1..k.e......trate.1, ever aalyels. to be pe milady free tee.. ar1•110...o.1 trey onopervg t.. recent iraport• ISno. of Colmar. lot Itru. h hoellra. 3ao. per . •If In a CAW for the ...emery. Sr. Kuusey rerreue pow!. No Alma+. and to be obtained oral, .4 II LS KV lIALTr reed Old !Authors Vie. Silkry. Vahan. erpreWS. P MRS 4 FON DP.NTi. iffsellsimmla lui;adal km "The Moen" Lnn lon Ityakleg Pain, owl be GS" 10, iteuverlo,strist. ly Ts u Wesel IS the Ord pallediss. .! I .Y*.A l Zirr• Tut , . mom Pt IC Calif% 311euri. irk Dolman. W sac.. lira C. Yong sad Mlas llowsde. —l.l %IS k. mil I LUNtiw. Wt. Itarluituee. And t. ti %Et*, t'..4 DAY DY 31 V UIL —Coassowa et T. Pll7lC7Arrn. ..... int. Ericeren.JKANSCrint WIDDING.—PLAVING WITH flltr. Mew,. J. 14.6. r. 11. Wit ikomh, U. Junlaa . NM" Ai. h. Levlevou &ma Mn. Weston—Awl PO-CA HON TAS. LTCW3I. MI Oran& WONIAK TaTr.l4aat wheat the World . Illsora. W. Lam *Mhos. U. Veda. brake . Mts. D. Y. 11..vrers, mal Was Kate hue. Kaaasa4 Valetta"r will mar •o aelstual Maned Pores abort Asap Mathaway.'—earaet Sulu, Mr. Mal 00N1 TO TILLS. —Otaiamaace at 7. I*tT*xllA. Tsai MEN. TIN I.IOP -- Ailt . : — The Tempe of Does and rmrtslL UMW. Wended.' htheastree. 111 Y. DE% IL . Lane and Dra i Ilaaane.—And TIIE DL 511 i DuY OI TMt DULL —Common al INK & AIM VAT= AT 10111110 X. BRIM& btt. 2DI. To-wow —alseeleg, N. Altasawn. eh. Ilse. LONDON, THURSDAY, NOT. 7. TO OUR RZADIRL SPORTING LNTELLIGENCE A !ate edition of the Express is published every .•enhig during the racing season, containing the results el the day's races. A COMmiumuiLe portion of Ireland is again threatened with famine. From the mouth of the Foyle to the broad estuary of the Shannon the failure of the potato crop is said to be more general and complete than in any year since 1846. For several seasons after that calamitous era the smaller landholders showed their distrust of the unreliable root ; and the re-appearance of the disease, though in a modified form, was calculated to check any premature return to the old de pendence upon it as a main article of food. Great pains were taken meanwhile to encourage the cul tivation of turnips, marigold, flax, and other green crops. The vast decrease in the labouring population rendered the temptation to plant the prolific potato less and less every year ; and the formation of many large pasture farms, where whole villages and their potato gardens had once existed, led to the sup position that whether the inscrutable blight which had caused so much suffering from 1845 to 1849 reappeared or not, we should hear no more of acute and wide-spread peasant destitution. And it is indeed happily truo that no such misery as Ireland endured at the former period is to be ap prehended now. The vast numbers of the popu lation who subsisted by mendicancy during half the year, and on potatoes grown on small patches of cunacre during the remainder, are no longer to be seen. Famine, pestilence, and emigration have swept them from the surface of the soil ; and to these must be added a large proportion of the labouring and farming classes, who during the last ten years have emigrated to Australia or America. Instead of eight millions of inhabitants there are leas than six now to be fed upon the produce of the soil of Ireland ; and looking at the aggregate of that produce and the extent of land divided between pasture and tillage, it cannot be doubted that in ordinary years there is not only abundance for all, but a large amount available to be exchanged in the markets of England for the other necessaries of life. Nor can we believe that the agricultural produce of 1860 and 1861, short though it has fallen in both years of an average yield, will not be found far more than adequate to supply the wants of the existing population. From the tables of Agricultural Statistics recently published by authority of Government, it appears that sheep have increased in niunber fifty per cent. and horned cattle one hundred per cent. during the last twenty years. Simultaneously with this in crease there has been a vast additional breadth of land brought under the plough, not by the dimi nution of pasture, for that, as we have amid, has been steadily extending, but in addition to and beside it, in consequence of the widely ex tended reclamation of waste, both bog and mountain, and the redemption of land pre viously rends red tussles by the flooding of rivers. During the last three years there has, indeed, been a decline in the breadth of tillage—a faa to be accounted for by the discouraging un kindliness of the seasons. But comparing 1860 with ten or twenty years preceding, instead of a diminution there would appear to have been a de cided increase, not in acreage devoted exclusively to cereal crops, but generally to all that needs the annual expenditure of capital and labour. Of wheat there s much less than there used to be in the days when protection lured the farmers in an uncongenial climate to gamble in its production ; but of oats and barley, to whose growth and ripen ing the Irish soil and atmosphere are far more pro pitious, there has never been any lack. In all this we are speaking generally as of the entire country, and taking one year with another. But when we coins to diacriminate between different districts and different seasons, other and less pleasing circumstances force them selves on our attention. A great portion of the soil in the counties bordering on the ocean is inferior to that of the central and eastern dis tricts of the island ; and the climate is far more humid, and loss suited to corn cultivation. Re moteness from the greater markets for produce, and the total absence of any species of commerce or of manufacture, contribute likewise to render Donegal, Sligo, Mayo, Galway, and Clare poorer than any other five counties of equal extent in Ireland. In this out-of-the-way region it was that the disastrous dearth of 1822 was peculiarly felt, and the still more fatal famine of 1847 ; and here we are once more warned to look for the ap proach of general destitution and its inevitable concomitant disease. The failure of the potato is still the principal cause of the danger to which the peasantry are exposed, though other circumstances in the present year tend greatly to aggravate it. The continuous rains in the counties we have named, and, we are sorry to say, in several of those adjacent to them, have rendered it impos sible to save the hay crop from destruction, or the turf, which constitutes the only fuel of the dis trict, in a condition fit for present use. We quite believe that much of the mischief that has so often arisen in this extreme western district is referable to the want of drainage, and that the beat mode in which present relief can be afforded is by promoting that most essential of all means of physical civilization and permanent improve ment. Much has no doubt been done throughout other districts of Ireland during the last fifteen years in the way of arterial and sub-soil drainage ; and the proofs are numerous and striking, even to the eye of the superficial observer, of the dif ference between a town land where such works have been completed, and the adjoining town land where as yet they have not been begun. But everywhere there ia still great room for further improvement in this respect, and especially in the region bordering on the ocean. We would not be understood as venturing to ex press any hasty opinion upon the temporary means of relief which may be necessary to avert the direful consequences of want of food by the poorest , class in the poorest portion of the country during the next few months. Considering the compara tively narrow dimensions within which the present exigency is circumscribed, and the abundant ex perience derivable from the errors of administra tion formerly committed, there will be no excuse if the right thing be not done in the right way, and done effectually. All we would now say is, that we trust the blunder may not be again committed of trying to relieve casual and exceptional destitu tion on an unwonted scale by straining the ordi nary mechanism of the Poor Law. Nothing but suffering and shame resulted from that folly on the part of the worshippers of routine when last it was tried ; and nothing, we are couvinced,would be mere unwise on the present occasion. ir br Court. WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 6. The Queen drove out in • carriage-and-four this) morning, attended by the Lady in Waiting and Major- General Seymour. The Prince Consort went to London, attended by . _ Lieutenant-General the /lon. C. Grey and Colonel the Hon. Ilardinge. His Royal Highoeu visited the Great Exhibition Building and the Horticultural Gardens at Ken sington, and proceeded afterwards to Hanover-square, to preside at a meeting of the Council of the Royal Agricul tural Society. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1861. The Prince returned to Windsor at ten minutes before three o'clock. The Prime of Haienlobe took leave of her Majesty, and moconapsaied the Prince Consort to Loodoo. Princess Helena and Prince. Louise rude la the Riding house. Dal sad Counters Rowel retuned to Pembroke Lodge. Richmond-park, yesterday, from Broadlambi, Hants, the seat of Viscount Palmerston. Mr. Holland Mote, who is proceeding to Graham's Town, transacted Luanne yesterday at the Colonisloillce. Despatches were not yesterday from the Colonial-office to the Governor of Canada, and the Lord High Commis sioner of the lonian Islands. The Duchess of Wellington leaves Apeley House to-day oa a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. Her grace retinue to town on Saturday. The Duke of Devonshire is entertaining a succes sion of visitun at Chatsworth ' Derbyshire. The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury come to tows ea Saturday from Hatfield Home, for the Lord Mayor's banquet. The Marquis and Marchioness Castellon have arrived at the Bromwich Hotel, Jermyriotreet, from Paris. The Earl and Countess of Warwick have arrived at the Pavilioe Hotel, Folkestone, oa their way to the Diatimot. The Earl and Countess of Yarborough leave town early next weak for Brighton. The Earl of Clanwilliaru has arrived at his resi dence in Belgian-square, from Deal Cattle. _ . . The Earl of Gifford, who her been eeriotudy indisposed for some time past, is now much improved in health. A marriage is arranged to take place between Viscount flinehiebroke, eldest am of the Earl of Sand wich, and Lady Constassee Villiers, eldest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Clarendon. Lord and Lady Willoughby do Eresby have left town for Torquay for the autumn. Lord Leigh, Sir William Alexander, and Mn.s Lane Fox hays lan Norman Court, the scat of Mr. Thomas Baring, M.P., on a visit to Viscount and VieooaaNss Palmenton, at Broadlands. The confirmation of Dr. Baring (late Bishop of Gloucester), Bishop of Durham, took place in York Minster, yesterday (Wednesday) forenoon. A mum/ea:font of the Masters and Matrons of Reformatories sad Refers, ie connection with the Reforma tory and Refuge Hake, was held a few days since at the Whom of the Union, 118, PsU•sml. The chair was occupied by Lord Radstock, sad neer him we observed the Host A. Kinnaird, M.P., Captain Crofton, C. 8., Chair man of the Direotnn of Chariot Primes in Ireland ; Robert &whiny, EN., M.P., Mr. Bodkin Amistatit-Judge), Mr. W. J. Maxwell, Mr. J. A. incgreflor, Mr. M. Wars, Jas., Mr. J. H. Fordham, Mr. J. R. Fowler, Mr. A. Hill, Ise. The winter session (1861-62) of the Edinburgh Uaiversity was opened on Monday with an inaugural ad dress by Sir David Brewster, Principal of the Univerity. The ceremotiy took place in the Assembly Hall, in COMM paws of the limited accommodation afforded by the largest apartment in the university. The hall was crowdal for some time before the proceedings commenced, chiefly by students, but also with a coesiderable proportion of citizens. . . Au interteding ceremony took place on 161 outlay at St. George's. Shropshire, namely, the laying of the foundation stone of a new church to be erected to the memory of the Lite Duke of Sutherland. The announce ment that the Right Hon. the Earl Granville, K.(:., Lord President of the Privy Council, would perform the ceremony, and that the Lord Bishop of Lichfield would preach the ormort, attracted a large number of pumas. A statistical return just obtained shows that the intercourse between London and Paris is eatisfectorily in. memisg. The number of pmeetigers at Boulogne from or is England has amounted to 106,756 in the first 10 months Of the present year. There wave 91,783 passengers in the sorrespooding period of 1860. Thus a difference is pro moted in favour of 1861 of 16,973, or 184 per cent., attri butable in part to increased facilities and the abolition of pmeporta, and is part to the operation of the Commercial Treaty is augmenting the traffic for business purposes. The courts of law at Paris were opened on Monday, after the vacation, with the usual ceremonial. After attesdisz is the Saint* Chapelle the mass of the Holy Ghost, at which the Cirdinal Archbishop of Para officiated, the different bodice pr , vewled to their re spective courts, in each of which an address was delivered by the Advocate-Genera'. l'Arti hitter in ih. LvViendance states that Y. E. Forced° Intends to appeal to the Council of State again.% the warning which bee been given him for the article in the Revue dell Prat.r Mondes. The Emperor Alexander returned to St. Peters burg ee the 31st ult. from his t-ar in the Crimea. A Berlin letter says :—" It is reported that the King ham given the police-41tard a gratuity of 10,000 thalets from his r rivy puns, se an acknowle Igment of the energy it displayed during the riots of the Zlril and 24th ult. About 70 of the guards were wounded more or lees severely, sad some of them are still in a dangerous state.. The Slant Public of Lyons says :—" All Saints Day hem brought us winter this year, as • cold north wind has set is, and been the more severely felt through coming upon um so suddenly. It froze on Sunday throughout the valley of the &ermine, at Sairi.Bal, and Arbresle. Snow also fell in abundance at St. Etienne ; and on Monday morn ing Lyons was visited with a fall of sleet and snow. Oa Tuesday morning, at 7, the thermometer was only nee de gree above treader point, haring been below it during the night." VISIT or 1111 0111 IND Dung CONSTANTINE TO TOT Tows—Yesterday wernieg his Imperial Higher, the Grand Duke Cosstastiee, with the Grad Duchess, sod the Princess Olga, accompanied by Marshal Tchinioine, [Jr. ilovaovitch. Lieut. Lott., the Counter of Camorayske, and Mir Hibikoff, visited the Tower of London. They were received by ►he resident Governor sod General Wyndham, and conducted through all the apartments in which the principal national curiosities are exhibited. Is most of these they evinced a lively interest. and warmly thanked the authorities for the courtesy which hod been extended to them. The visit was strictly private, but of counts the fact of their arrival won got wind, and a goodly number of persons bad assembled for the purpose of catchlug ■ glimpse of the illustrious visitors me they took their departure. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. PREPARATIONS FOR AN EXPEDITION FROM GENOA. The Nurd of to-day has the following letter from Genoa, dated the 30th : For the last five or six weeks our city has been a veritable tower of Babel. We hear all sorts of languages, and meet the most oddly-contrasted figura. Magyars, Poles, Serbs, Croats, Dalmatians, and even Montenegrins amuse the Genoese by their dialects and the odd cut of their clothes. Moreover, not the least numerous are Austrian deserters in uniform. All this pell-mell of nationalities, so confused in appearance, is in reality disciplined and organised by the are of Kossuth, Klapka, Mieroslavritki, and Bilk; who are very active here. The journals have already announced that Garibaldi in tends to try • new expedition in Montenegro, that is to lay, to land there a &lave legion, under the command of Louis Mieradawski. In truth, this plan is here one of pub lic notoriety ; everybody 'peaks of it. One has only to visit certain cafes or nidaurants, frequented by the staff of the &lave Legion, to hear—provided he understands the Wave language—things truly surprising, and details so pre cise as to leave no doubt. Yon may, then, consider the following communication as positive :--Mierailawski has received from Garibaldi authority to form • &lave Legion, composed of Poles, Bohemians, Sclavoniaos, Serbs, Croats, Dalmatians, and Montenegrins. At the present moment there at Genoa more than 200 Poles belonging to the " young emigration," which Mieron lawski has brought together from Paris, Naples, and Turin. Another hundred is composed of the different &lave tribes before mentioned ; and then there are from 100 to 150 Magyars, who are placed under the special direction of MM. Kossuth and Klapka. Certain political eventualities are awaited before putting the project in execution. Is the event of affable in Hungary taking • decisive turn, or of the contest of the Montenegrins making progress and provoking national manifestations on the put of the Serbs and other Turco•Sclave peoples, the expedition will leave immediately. It is generally believed that the point of dis embarkation will be between Spina and Breano—small ports a short distance from Antivari and Ragusa. They will proceed from the first point towards Trebigne and Klobuk to aid the Montenegrin insurgents encamped be tween Korianic and Nikaik, when they have had several victorious combats with the Turks. Should the Montene grins experience some defeats before the disembarkation of the expedition, the latter win select for its line of opera tions the route between Autivari and Niegusi and Cettigue, a movement which will allow the &lave Legion to reinforce the Montenegrins by the shortest road. They will then cross the frontiers of Mcntenepo to spread the movement, with the aid of the Serbo-Wellachisn government, Mall the &lave provinoes of Turkey, and thence to Hungary and Gallica'. ITALY. A Turin letter of the 3rd in the Temps says " M. Ricasoli, with his well-known tenacity, does not consider himself beaten on the Roman question by the resolve of the French government to post pone it for the present. The clerical agitation, fostered by the publications of Father Pamaglia, begins to bear fruit in the different dioceses. Many priests have sent to the President of the Council their adhesion to the thesis of the celebrated theo logian, and bL Vaierio, Prefect of Como, assures us that the dioceses of Como and Cremona would declare unanimously in favour of the abolition of the temporal power if they were assembled in synod. In general the clergy of Lombardy have rallied to the national cause, and their influence is felt in Lombardy and Emilia. Sicily also is ready for a manifestation against the anti-Italian policy of Rome. But the deign of M. Ricasoli to threaten the Pope with a schism upon a question which does not belong to the dogmas of the church, is not yet sufficiently matured, and he knows that a demonstration which was not imposing would be ridiculous. A change of policy, which turns public attention from Rome in favour of Venetia, appears to M. Ricasoli very inopportune." HUNGARY. The Augsburg Gazette has the following letter from Pesth, dated the 29th ult. :—" The Royal Commissary, M. de Koller, went to-day to the hall of the representatives of the city, where the municipality were in full session. He wore a gilt sabre, and a decoration round his neck. He had a youthful air, but appeared serious. He demanded of the burgo master, in a firm voice, the precis rerbaux of the sittings of the Bth and 10th of July, in which the General Assembly Lad voted its protest. Having announced that in case of refusal he should em ploy force, they brought him a heavy register of precis verbau.c. The commissary looked over the precis eerloaux in question—a task which occupied some ten minutes—without being put out of coun tenance by the laughter and suppressed coughs of the assembly. No one helped him in the search. The commissary at last found the paper containing the object of his search, folded it up with affected indifference, and cut it from the registry. The end of the protocol was upon the next sheet. It was obliterated by strokes of the pen. During these proceedings the conduct of the public was I very rude, and the commissary had several times to remind them that he had the power of clearing the hall." (PZUTZIeII TEL/GRAMe.) POLAND. WARSAW, Nov. 4. An official account of the events which took place nn the loth ultimo, founded on reports made to the ecclesiastical authorities, will shortly be pub lished by the government. _ _ The Prete;twt churches in this city are now open. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 5. TLe members of the European Commission on the union of the Danubian Principalities have received fresh instructions from their govecnnients. PORTUGAL LISBON, Nov. 5. It is said that the representative of Belgium at the court of the King of Portugal is likely to be appointed Belgian ambassador at Turin. LISBON, Nov. 6. The lufauto Dow Ferdinatido died at 4 a.m. to day. The Portuguese Cortes were opened to-day. The royal message contained nothing of importance. TheCorteswere afterwards adjourned nntilJannary next. TRANSYLVANIA. HERNANNSTADT, Nov. 6. The Saxon Diet has boon convoked for the 20th inst. It is expected that it will pass resolutions in reference to the present state of things, and will send a deputation composed of Saxons to the Emperor. EXPORT OF SPECIE. /SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 7. Tbe Hamburg-American Company's steamer &monis sailed this morning for New York with 300 passengers, 10,2001. in specie from England, 113,000 fr. from Havre, and a large cargo. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Alhambra, sailing at 2 p.m. to-day fur Lisbon, will take 33,000 sovereigns. Large purchases cf grain continue to be made at Odessa, but the arrivals I. Freese lately have been so large that acme wheat is about to be re-exported from Marseilles to this country. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nox ova oval PARIS, WIDIIZIWAT EVZIFING. It is remarkable that the Moniteur avoids stating whether the French troops are still in the occupa tion of Swiss territory or not. Perhaps it expects people to believe that the French government does not know. The fact is, as the evening papers state in their latest news, that the occupying force still holds Cressounieres and other points in the Valley of Dappes. The Bourse has been very buoyant, owing, as far as I can learn, to rumours that the Bank of Eng land is likely to lower its rate of discount, and that the Bank of France has more bullion than it had a few days ago. The present amount in the latter establishment is said to be 291 millions, which would be only 13 millions less than at the time of the last returns ; the deficiency was considerably greater a little time since. Rente rose 25c. both for cash and account, closing at 68fr. 56c. and 68fr. 60c. Mobilier rose llfr. 25c., and the Italian Loan 35c. The Orleans and Lyons railways rose 7fr. 50c. each; Southern, 10fr. ; Eastern, fife. ; and Northern, 3fr. 75c. Western unchanged. Prince Leopold arrived last evening at the British Embassy from England, and left this morn ing for the south of France. Prince Napoleon and the Princess Clothilde have left for Compiegne, where they are to remain dur ing the week. Snow has fallen in several parts of the north of Franca as well as in England. In Paris, where the southerly and westerly winds prevail, the tem perature is milder, and the sky, which is cloudy, appears to only threaten rain. At 8 o'clock yes terday morning the thermometer stood at 4.3 above zero Centigrade (39.25 Fahrenheit), and rain fell during the day. A Marseilles letter of the 2nd says :—" The arrivals of wheat at this port during the week amount to 338,880 hectolitres. The market is therefore abundantly supplied, and prices are de clining." The Prase of this evening states that the occu pation of the Valley of Dapped; by French troops continues. The Patric of this evening asserts that the session of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies will open cm the 15th January next. Accorling to the same paper, the contingent which France will despatch to Mexico will number 3,000 mon. The Pays publishes an article, signed by M. Drolle, criticising the conduct and the policy of Baron Ricasoli's cabinet, which it says has ad chemist a kind of ultimatum to the only ally of Italy in Europe. It highly eulogises Signor Ra tazzi, and declares that he is the only man who is fit to be at the head of the Italian ministry. The article, concludes thus :—" A cabinet under the presidency of Signor, Ratazzi would now be the best token of a good understanding between Italy and France, and would, moreover, be a sure gua rantee of a cordial renewal otintimate negotiations, the issue of which is so anxiously awaited not only by Italians but by all Frenchmen who love Italy." THE NSW CUNARD STEAMSHIP SCOTIA. The Scotia, the latest and moat magnificent of the line of Cunard Royal Mail steamers, is approaching com pletion on the Clyde. The general dimensions of the ship are as follow: Length of keel and forenke 360 feet ; length over all, 400 feet breadth of mould, 47 feet ; and depth 32 feet. In the construction of the hull the most modern improve mente have been introduced towards enabling her to afford as peat roosting power as possible to the combined influ ences of stoma end winds. The keel is composed of several bars of iron, each 33 feet in length, firmly joined together by long 'carved the whole being 14 inches in depth, and 4 inches thick. The framework is of the strongest description. Amidships it consists of plates of four-angle iron, naming up to the gunwale and towards the stem and stern, while the other portions of the hall are constructed in the usual way. Owing to this arrangement of the plates, the framework is very heavy, but the amount of strength secured will be increasedly peat. The frame of the bow is built diagonally, so that in themes of a collision, or contact with • rock or iceberg, the strain would fall upon the very strongest material of which the ship is composed. The Scotia would thus have a doubly good chance of safety, and of a successful redolence to accident, while other vessels would be in peril. la addition also to the keleong and girders of a usual frame, others of a novel character have been introduced in order to give a superior resisting power. The Scotia is sot dialect' built, but the plates are Lid on alternately, and in such a manner as to impart wonderful compactness and solidity to the hull. The plates at the keel are 1 1-16th of an inch in thickness ; at the bottom of the ship they are 15-16ths of an inch, from the load water mark they are 7-Btbs, and above that they are 1 inch in thickness. The hull consist, of seven water tight compartments. The cargo of the vessel is to be stowed in two of these divisions, 75 feet each in length, 20 In breadth, sod 20 in height. These tanks Sr. built in the centre line of the ship, and are capable of receiving 500 tons measurement of cargo. They are completely water tight, and in the event of . an accident to the hull would of themselves be sufficient to keep the ship afloat. The vessel, in fact, hes a double bottom under the tanks for the stowage of the goods, so that if the outer shell were beaten in or strained, the inuer would progeny the cargo intact. The coal bunkers are placed on sect outer side of these tanks, and are made to contain 1,800 tom of coals. Her engines, which are of 883 horse-power, are on the side-lever principle, with two cylinders of 100 inches diameter each and 12 feet stroke of piston. The ap paratus for starting the engines is also constructed so that the operation will be comparatively easy. The paddles measure 40 feet it inches in diameter over the rings. The accommodation for pawners is in harmony with the splendid general capacity of the ship. She has 157 cabins, affording sleeping accommodation to 300 pas sengers. These cabins are each St feet in beight, which, with the excellent system of ventilation introduced, will reader them airy and healthy. Surmounting the mein deck there is a deck house, the roof of which forms a promenade from stem to stern. The saloons, will afford dining accom modation for above 300 persons. When the Scotia was launched her weight was about 2,800 tons, but now that the heavy weight of her machinery is on board, she is about 4,000 tons, and draws 20 feet of water.—Lircrient Journal of Commerce. Mr. Gerald Ralston, a noted eolonisationiat in America, writes to Lord Brougham a letter, in which he says :—" I have great pleasure in informing your lordship that the decision of the Federal Court in the ' Dred Scott' CYO is practically annulled by the present government of Washington. I have before me the passport granted to Rev. Henry H. Garnet, a black man of note, and of great distinction among the negroes of Now York, given by William H. Seward. the Secretary of State, dated Washington, August 26, 1861, in which the Secretary 'requests whom It may concern to permit safely and freely to pus Henry H. Garnet, a citizen of the United States, and in cass of need to give him all lawful aid and• protection.' This passport is impressed by the seal of the De partment of State, and signed by the Secretary of State, in the 86th year of the independence of the United States." The government of Mr. Buchanan uniformly refused to grant passports to coloured meu, or to recognise them as The James Ager, a Federal American man-of-war, arrived at Southampton yesterday. Messrs. J. H. Wolfe and Co., the shipping agents, have been employed to coal her and repair some damage which she sustained on her voyage from New York. Her destination is believed to be the Mediterranean, to look after Confederate pnvateers in that sea. THu WARRIOR AT QUISINNTOWN.-DIMUN t NOV. 6.—This splendid vessel arrived on Tuesday night at Queenstown. She gave great satisfaction on her trial trip. She steamed, with sails set, fully 18 miles an hour, and was perfectly steady, although the wind rose to a reeled topsail breeze. The Revenge, with Admiral Smart on board, was her companion, but the Warrior had frequently to go balf•speed so as not to lose sight of her consort. Lord C. Paget and Mr. Drummond, of the Admiralty, were on hoard the Warrior. The Warrior will proceed to sea again on Saturday in search of bad weather, not having as yet .ecountered severe enough weather to test her sailing qualities. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Yesterday the autumnal exhibition of fruit and chrysanthemums took place in the gardens of the society, South Kensington. The st►te of the weather in the fore noon was such as to preclude the expectation that any very large number of visitors would be present ; but still the at tendance was better than could have been anticipated under tho circumstances. Al to the display of fruit and flowers, the exhibition was excellent, both in quantity and quality, though of the Litter the visitor could of course only judge by appearances. There was altogether about 1,500 dished of fruit, apples and pears predominating. Of apples there were 780 dishes, and of pears 273. One dish of six peen weighed 12lbe. 7ox There were 61 dishes of grapes, some of them splendid specimens of horticultural skill. There were 43 pines, 10 melons, 14 dishes of plums, 3 of raspberries, and 20 of miscellaneous. A finer display of fruit has been seldom seen at this season of the year. The chrysanthemums were also very full and varied—the cut specimens especially exhibiting great beauty. The band of the let Life Guards was in attendance, and performed a variety of selected music during the illy. LORD MAYOR'S DAY. ' The civic pageant of Saturday next (Lord Mayor's Day)twill not differ materially from that of last year. The chief magistrate and the shenffs are understood to have had the subject recently under their consideration as to how far, if Mall, it might be desirable to alter the character of the procession, and to have came to the conclusion that they would scarcely be 4ustified in introducing any essential change into a thing which has been handed down from a remote age, and which derives much of its interest in the popular estimation from its antiquity, and even from features in it which in them days are re garded as bordering on the grotesque. Our old friends, the men in armour, therefore, are to be resuscitated for the occasion, and to play their accustomed part in the pageant. All the ancient livery companies will also be ex tensively represented by members of them carrying banners and heraldic devices ; especially the wealthy company of Fishmongers, to which the Lord Mayor belongs. The don Ride Brigade preceded by their band, will take a con spicuous part in the procession, and several other military bands, placed at intervals, are to accompany it. It is under stood that the equipages of the sheriffs wall be more than ordinarily attractive. The state carriage of the Lord Mayor will, as usual, be drawn by six horses, and attended by an escort of cavalry. The procession, beaded by trumpeters, is to start from Guildhall about half-past 11 or 12 o'clock, passing along Xing -street, Cheapside, the Poultry, Corebill, Leadenhall street, Billitar.street, Feochurch and Gracechurch streets, ' into Cannon-street, then down Ludgate-hill, along Fleet street to Temple-bar, and thence by the Strand to West minster. After the ceremony of the presentation of the Lord Mayor Elect to the Judges in the Court of Exchequer the cortege will re-form in Palaoe-yard, and being there joined by the Lady Mayoress in her state carriage, will return by way of Whitehall, the Strand, Fleet-street, Lud , gate-hill, and Chespaide, to Guildhall, where the customary grand banquet will be held. It is understood that provision being made for affording the whole of the Christ Church boys, some hundreds in number, a sight of the pageant at some salient point in the route. 1 SIR JOHN HAMDEN AND HIS TENANTRY. The chief topic of conversation in all circles yesterday was the conduct of Sir John William Hamden in giving • number of his tenants notice to quit the build ings which they have placed on the harentit's estate, in full faith of never being disturbed in possession. The Tenant right Owners' Llefence Committee are on the alert, and the following bill was issued late on Monday evening, and wee read by crowds of people in the streets with all the interest af • • of news from the "sent of war :"—" The buildings are yours—the land is mine.' Meseta know that, as long as I live, they are as safe without the act as with it.' Is it to be oonfiecation T Tenant-right owners ! you can not but be aware of what has transpired this day, in reference to your cause. Sir John William Hamden 11114 taken the first step to bring the tenant. right question to a legitimate issue. He has, by the notices to quit which he has issued, thrown down the gauntlet ; it is for you to accept the battle and enter on the defence. Remember that a notice to quit dose not give a man possession. If Sir John William Hamden wants your buildings (the buildings which he has publicly admitted to be yours), he will have • long way to go beyond his mere notice, and many obstacles to overcome, before he dispos sesses you. In this emergency the service of the TODALIt• right Defence Association will be fairly brought to bear. It will be for that committee to take such steps to defend the position of the tenant-right owners as upon mature de liberation their rerti and advice of counsel may be deemed best calculated to accomplish that object ; and the tenant right owners may rely upon it that no e ff ort in that direction will be snared. In return, the committee have Wadi from the tenant-right owners that they be true to themselves and to each other ; that they will not allow any unmanly fear to divert them from the strict path of duty ; that they will take no step whatever which may affect the equitable posi tion they occupy ; but that, firmly depending on the righte ousness of their cause, and unmoved by an i trerture which may compromise their just rights, they w relying on the morality and integrity of our judicature, stand fast and fear not.'—By order, F. R. JONES, jun., chairman ,•JOBBUA HOBSON, hon. sec.—Hodderstield, Nov. 4, 1861. " Last evening • meeting of the defence committee took place at the White Hart Hotel, and doubtless the result of their delibsratioes will be made public in a few daya.—Leeds Mercury. Crrr or LONDON Counat.—The subject of the lecture for this evening at the City of London College is " Recent Discoveries in Africa," by the P.ev. F. F. Statham, M.A. The chair will be taken at 8 p.m. The number of students has now reached nearly 850, and the Foundation Feud has reached nearly 1,51:10/. A drawing class ha. now commenced, but the Political Economy class, under Professor Leone Levi, is not yet full. LORD BROUGHAM'S ADHESION TO THE UNITED KINGDOM ALLIANCL —Our readers will be gratified to loon that the Bight Roo. Lord Brougham has very cordially in timated to the executive that he assents to the request of the general council, and must readily allows his name to be added to the vice-presidents of the United Kingdom Alliance. In his note to the hou. secretary, his lordship states that his health is improving slowly ; and he is hopiug to be able to travel to his chateau in France in a few days. Be desires his grateful expressions to be conveyed to all the friends who manifested so much personal sympathy and regard for his health, saying that he does not deserve half the kind things that were said about him at the meetings.— ..41114rue Weekly News. THY DRINKING FOUNTAIN MOVEMENT IN LIVER POOL.—Mr. C. P. Melly, the well-known Liverpool merchant, better known as "Fountain Melly," was presented yesterday with a handsome silver 4eigne and candelabrum, valued at 1,00 W., as R token of the estimation in which he is held by his fellow-townsmen, rich and poor, on account of his public spirit and liberality in the erection of numerous drinking fountains throughout the town. The plate bore an inscription, *Aid' alluded to the gifts of a free playground and wayridebeaches which Mr. Melly has also made to the town. Mr. Melly is the originator of the " Drinking Fountains" of modern times, and it is satisfactory to knmr that his example has been followed in a large number of other towns. REFORM MOVEMENT AMONGST THE WORKING CIAMSE3.—The initiative taken by the Glasgow United Trades is about being followed up by the delegates forming the London Trades Council, and a committee, consisting of representatives from all the principal trade societies, is in the course of formation. The programme of the emacia tion will be laid before the public in a few days. EXTENSION OF THE NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAY TO Neeesirrut—At a meeting of the directors of this rail way company held yesterday, it was resolved that applica tion should be made to parliament for powers to make a line through the Team Valley to join the Bishop Auckland branch, and thence by a loop line running a little to the south of the city of Durham to connect the main line from London and the south with Gateshead and Newcastle by this route. It is also intended to renew the application to parliament for powers to make a line from the Blaydon station of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway to Coneett, iu the Derwent Valley. LARGE ARRIVALS OF EAST INDIA COTTON IN LITERPOOL.—During the last few days there have been some large 'minim of East Indian cotton in the Mersey. On Tuesday there were no fewer than five large ships posted as having arrived from Bombay, having on board 25,461 hales of cotton. The names of the respective vessels, toge ther with the number of bales of cotton each ship brought, are :—The City of Agra, with 4,7 M bales ; the East, with 5,609 bales ; the Otago, with 4,996 bales ; the Langdale, with 3,495 bales ; and the Euroclydon, with 6,616 boles. The Langdale made the voyage home in 93 days. The quantities of East India cotton now at set, according to late advices, are 115,694 bales, against •53,612 bales for the corre sponding period last year. NEWCASTLE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.—AL the meeting of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce, on Mon day. • communication was read from Glasgow, calling at tention to the inconvenience arising from the use of enve lopes in commercial communications, from the difficulty in proving the dates of posting sod delivery of letters, and urging the desirability of securing that the postmarks shall idways appear upon the letters themselves. The chamber expressed an opinion that in business letters it would be much better to avoid the use of envelopes. A memorial to the Board of Trade was adopted, intimating that the French custom-houses are levying duties upon English imports into France which are at variance with the provisions of the commercial treaty, and praying that a claim be made for the restitution of the overcharges and for the suppression of the system complained of. The sub- 1 Jed of light dues leaving been introduced, Mr. Barker was deputed to see the collector of customs and obtain in formation with reference to the duties on vessels carrying portions of a cargo, the present system of levying which obstructs the transmission of merchandise hence and from abroad.—Nearcastle Clarenick. LAW INTELLIGENCE. (THIS DAY.) EQUITY COURT. (Before the Mester of the Rolla.) DAVIS= DE PONIES V. KENDALL, AND FORD O. DE PONTV. His Honour gave judgment in this cue, which was argued on Monday and Tuesday last. The points, he said, for decision were simple enough, but the facts raising then constituted • history rarely found in action. The tire question was, whether the execution of a power by wins dated April, 1854, was valid, or revoked by deeds of Aurist, 18.51, and September, 1854 ; and if so, whether those deeds were operative. The facts were, that some 4.1 years ago an English lady, then in Paris, aged 18, fell a love with the plaintiff, a Frenchman about the same a ge. The lady shortly afterwards returned to England, and Mu t; at the instance of her friends, she appears to have SW. pressed her Bret attachment, as within • short period sl married Mr. Vernon Dolphin, of Eyford, Gloucester. H e marriage was unfortunate, smith° only child of it died early. Mr. Dolphin subsequently became embarrassed, sod in lots certain deeds were executed, by virtue of which proem % was made for the payment of Mr. Dolphin s delo, and a considerable property placed in the hands trustees, which was secured for the separate use d Mrs. Dolphin during their joint lives, and for her absolute', if she should survive her husband, while, if she should d; in his lifetime, the property woe to go as she should 'pone: Mr. and Mrs. Dolphin separated and the lady lived aloe, until 1853, when she returned to Paris, and then her earl, attachment to her first lover was revived. Having weer . . Mined that be was still a bachelor, and bad risen to a high post in the French army,of which he was commandinga diic akin in the south of France, she addressed him a letter, the receipt of which surprised him. Au interview subsequently took place, at the lady's request, near La Rochelle, and while there she did not conceal her wish to get rid of the tie I binding her to her husband, and to marry the Frenchman. The latter, however, showed no anxiety upon the matter. The lady then consulted legal authorities in England, and was advised that if Mr. Dolphin could be induced to reside is Scotland for forty days, she might obtain a divorce. Ac. eordingly, Mr. Dolphin was asked to go ; and, in considers. tion of receiving his travelling expenses and a handsome annuity, did go and reside in Scotland for the requisite time. His Honour then stated the singular course of conduct pursued by Mr. Dolphin with a view to obtain the divorce, which was subsequently decreed by the Scotch Court in July, 1854. In April of that you the lady executed the power conferred by the deed of October, lxto, in favour of the general, and his Honour was of opinion that the appointrneut then made was her own free act, and done when she did not believe that the general would marry her. If the matter stood there the will therefore would be perfectly good. The question, however, was whether that will was revoked by subsequent deeds. After the divorce the lady writes to the general that she is free and no doubt she believed from that time that he would marry her and that an engage. went, binding on honour, subsisted between them. Mrs. Iblphin then went to Paris, where she consulted her professional advisers with • view to a set. tlement of her property. She was advised that the divorce obtained in Scotland was not valid according to the law of England, where she would still be regarded as the wife of Mr. Dolphin. Any marriage settlement, therefore, would not be binding, but still she might execute her power I of appointment by deed as she had already done by will in favour of the general. She accordingly executed the deeds, the consideration for which was the plaintiff's marrying her as far as be could, but that consideration being had would ne cessarily affect the deeds. In October, 1854, the parties visited Scotland, where they went through the ceremony of marriage, and subsequently in the pouch of France, and after the lady had become a convert to the Roman catho li c religion they were married again. Hie Honour then observed that, unless the deeds were valid, the will of April, 1854, was not revoked, and then proceeded to deal with the proposition made at the bar that the pur pose of the deeds was inseparable from an intention to re. yoke the appointment by the will. Upon this the late Wills Act had been referred to, and sifter commenting opal the 20th section of that statute, the object of which was to preclude the raising of questions arising from the alteration of estate after the date of a will, his Honour made a decla ration without prejudice to the question (which in the view taken it was not necessary to decide) of the validity of the deeds of August and September, 1854, that the will of April was unaffected by those deeds even if they should be in valid, and ordered the subsisting trusts of that will to be carried into effect. The cross bill must be dismissed with costa. Oasts of the parties in the first suit to come out of the estate. The aicitor-Oeneral, Sir H. Cairn', Mr. Selwyn, Mr. Loyd, Mr. Follett, Mr. Shapter, Mr. Cole, Mr. Busk, Mr. Osborne, Mr. Southgate, Mr. Wood, and Mr. Stephen/a, ap peared for the different partite. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCE Bitting in &MO in Michaelmas Term.—(Belore Lord Chief Justice Cockburn and Justices Wightman and Blackburn.) PTII R. GMAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.-ACCIDENT. This action was brought to recover damages in con sequence of the death of Mr. Pyre, a county inagiatrue and a gentleman of property, who was killed by an accident on the Great Northern Railway on the 21n1 April, 1860, near the Hatfield Station. It was tried before the Lord Chief Justice at Westminster in June last, slim the jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, who is the widow and executrix of the deceased, with 1:1,0001. damages, which they apportioned to her and eight children, the ninth child, who is the eldest son and inherits the great bulk of his father's property, being excluded. Mr. Hawkins now moved, by leave reserved, to set aside the verdict, aid for a new trial, on the ground that there was no pecuniary , damns within the meaning of the stands known as ' Ca mp Act: and, therefore, no came of action. He also moved on the grounds that the damages were excessive, and that the verdict was against the weight of evidence. The Lord Chief Justice—There was strong evidence on both eider', but the case was fairly tried out, au.l if in every action of this kind where negligence is alleged, and the On' dance is conflicting, there is to be a new trial, the number of courts will have to be increased. The question was for the jury, who listened patiently and attentively to the evidence, and the cue was well argued on both sides. I should not have quarrelled with the verdict if it had been the other way, and I certainly do not quarrel with It as it now stands. Mr. Hawkins—lf your lordahip thinks that the verdict wassatisfactory, I will not pus that point. The Lord Chief Justice—l cannot refrain from sayirr that the weight of evidence was agninst the defendants, and that the verdict was right. Mr. Hawkins—Mr. Bidder gave remarkably strong evi deuce in favour of the defendants. • The Lord Chief Justice—On the other hand, it wa. known to the defendants or their servant., that there vas a serious defect in the rail, which caused the accident. I think the court ought not to allow the verdict to be die turbed. Mr. Hawkins said was a case of considerable importabo to railway companies ; because if such damages were to is recovenkblo where there was no culpable or crimini negligence, it would be almost impossible for them to cart on their business. _ . . . The Lord Chief Justice—That is a matter into which tie court cannot inquire. Mr. Hawkins said that Mr. I'ym, at the time of hi death, had an income of 3,870/. Ha had secured by math meat 1,(1001. per annum to his wife, and 20,000 f. we invested at 4 per cent., for the benefit of eight of the chi dew, giving them IC3/. a year each at his death. Ti eldest eon became possessed of the real estate. The elde child was a daughter, 11 years old, and the youngest to months. at the time of the accident. Ths Lord Chief Justice—The deceased WAS only 41 yer , old, and it wu probable that he would have lived sea: years, during which the whole family would have derivkil he unfit from his income. He is killed, and the eldest so: conies into an estate of about 4,000/. a year ; the widow se: the other children only deriving the benefit of the settle meat. The question of fact was whether the widow an: the eight children suffered any pecuniary lose under the at and the jury found that they had. Mr. Justice Blackburn said he hnd ruled in a aim& case that reasonable expectations might be considered hi. jury, and it had not been questioned. The Lord Chief Justice said the case had, in all probe bility, come before the court in consequence of the magi: tude of the damages. Mr. Justice Blackburn said the lady, instead of enjoy* her husband's fortune, was a dowager, and the eight chit dren instead of being the sons and daughters of the reigr log squire were only the brothers and sisters. The posits& ' of the fondly was therefore changed by Mr. Pyin's death• Mr. Hawkins said the statute contemplated wane, more than putting the surviving relatives iu the same pa tio° as regarded the bringing of an action as the ile.e.wd would have been in if he bad been maimed for Lie, triable to pursue his profession. The Lord Chief Justice said it was a case of sufficieli , magnitude and importance to be discussed, and the learet counsel bad better t►ke a rule. . _ _ .... A rule was then granted upon the different point, it eluding that of eXCCIIIIiVO damages. COURT OF EXCHEQUER. Sittings in Banoo.—(Before the Lord Chief Baron Barons Martin, Bramwell, and Chappell.) OTLADE V. VIZ NORTH EASTERN RAIL% AT COROT PRACTICE. Mr. Oxisde, the plaintiff in this action, 510 4 in person for a rule to show *Lure why Vg mansuit directed by Mr. Baron Martin should sot set aside, and that a new trial might be had. ?? moved in point of form, but with the slew o f having 15 ' motion directed to stand over until there could be as sr peal on the point of law which bad been raised before tbe t of Error. Mr. Baron Martin—ln this case the Court of Comm.* Pleas has decided against the plaintiff who has brought to WIC of error. so the case must stand over. The Lord Chief Baron—As the Court of Common Ilea has decided against you, we should, if we gave judgu', l now, give judgment against you, a it will not be et; 4 °" your interest that the cane should stand over. Mr. Oolade—l am quite contented that it should be e 4 my lord. Th. Lord Chief Baron—Then, so let it be. TM cam accordingly stands over. I i••• • • a‘•