The Press. — London, England, 1854-09-02 00:00:00

MOW 00111110 Bg2 pose to the detachment, I issued orders for it to resume is old encampment near the village of Kuruk-Dar." The Journal de Constantinople announces officially the dismissal of Selim I'acha, who manifested so great a want of courage in the affair with the Rus sians at Bayazid. Re is replaced as general-in-chief of the Imperial Guard by Darbour Redschid general•in-chief of the army of Constantinople ; and as commander-in-chief of the army of Batoum by Must apha Pacha, who distinguished himself greatly in the Drobrudscha. MALTA. Advices from Malta to the 26th ult. state that the Harbinger steamer arrived there on the 25th, and left the next day for the seat of war in the East. She carried General Cathcart, General Torrens, Admiral Stopford, Colonel Wyndham, and several other officers, both naval and military. The Harbingvr also brought a considerable amount of specie for the pay ment of the troops, Jcc. The cholera was not extend ing at Malta. .A portion of the troops remained in the island. ANSWERS TO THE RUSSIAN NOTE. THE official reply of the English Cabinet, by the medium of the Foreign Secretary, to the last " note " of Count Nesselrode, was published in last week's number of the PRESS, when, also, a summary of the similarly-toned answer of M. Drouyn de l'Eiuys to the same missive had previously appeared. We now give a translation of the letter in which the Austrian Government examines and replies to the despatch of the Russian Minister : " To Count Valentine Esterhazy, at St. Petersburg. " Vienna, July 9. " Prince Gortschakoff has communicated to me a des patch of M. the Chancellor of the Empire, which contains the answer of the Russian Government respecting the invitation which we felt called to address to it with the object of procuring the withdrawal of the Russian troops from Wallachia and Moldavia. In thif answer Russia exhibits an inclination to enter into negotiations respecting the precise execution of this evacuation, on the understand ing that we guarantee that the Russian troops shall not be molested on their homeward march, and that the powers shall not employ their disposable forces in an attack upon the Asiatic or European coast of Russia. The Russian Cabinet urges on us the consideration that it cannot volun tarily give up the only military position in which, sup posing it to act on the offensive, there would be a prospect of restoring the balance in its favour. In one word, Russia desires that the evacuation of the principalities shall have a general cessation of hostilities as its result. We cannot, of course, but regret that the Russian Court should have thought tit, in opposition to the remarks which we were compelled to introduce in our communication to it, to make the reception of our proposition dependent on circumstances obviously not under our control. Since, however, in our opinion the request of Russia has its rea sonable aspect, and his Majesty, our exalted master, holds it desirable to exhaust even the last means which appears calculated to bring about an understanding, the Imperial Cabinet will take pains to utilise this communication with the maritime powers, and the more so, as in its connection it appears to convey an earnest desire to attain to an ad justment. Hut while you bring this to the knowledge of Count Nesselrode, be good enough to make him under stand very clearly that, notwithstanding the conciliatory spirit which compels us to make this effort at London and Paris, we are compelled to insist upon the request in its fullest extent which we have directed to Russia, although we may not succeed in obtaining for our proposal that ac ceptance which we shall seek at the maritime*Courts. Please further to urge that since the position which we have taken up in this affair does not empower us to exert a direct influence upon the military operations of the two powers, our action is limited to recommending to their deliberate consideration the consequences which their decision may entail, and to represent to them that in our opinion all Governments appear to us to be equally called to join together in their endeavours after peace, by making all sacrifices not positively irreconcilable with their honour and their interest." (Signed) "13v0L." The text of the Russian answer to the Prussian note in support of the Aus.rian sommation has obtained publicity. It wag addressed to Baron von Budberg in Berlin : " St. Petersburg, 18th (30th) June, " The Prussian Charge d'Affaires has handed me the communication which his Cabinet addressed to us under date of the 12th of June in support of the step taken by Austria towards us, for the purpose of prevailing on us to accelerate the conclusion of the present war by refraining from extending our military operations in Turkey, and at the same time withdrawing our troops from the princi palities as speedily as possible. " We are notaware, baron, how we can answer this com munication of the Prussian Cabinet better than by bringing to its knowledge the text of the answer we have addressed to Vienna, here appended. From this it will become ap parent that, without sharing the opinions with reference to the occupation of the principalities as put forward by Austria, and participated lin by Prussia, we nevertheless, out of consideration for the special interests of Austria and Germany on the Danube, and the peculiar nature of the obligations which the Courts of Vienna and Berlin have entered into with the Western powers in the protocol of April 9, are prepared, at the same time reserving to ourselves the securities which we require to be informed •• • - ‘40 , *714 , 11e . ' • TIIE PRESS. of in advance, to withdraw from the principalities, and to enter into negotiations for peace on the basis of the three main principles laid down in that protocol, or at least to pave the way for this negotiation by agreeing to a truce. " Without repeating on this occasion the very grave con- siderations which lead us to abide by our requirement previously to be put in possession of securities in exchange for the voluntary sacrifice which we make to the interests of Austria and Germany in relinquishing our present or future military position iu Turkey, we confine ourselves to commending these remarks to the mature deliberation of the Prussian Court, convinced that his Majesty the King is too just to demand of us that we should consent gratuitously to weaken ourselves morally and materially without being certain of obtaining a peace or even a truce. It is moreover with satisfaction that we observe that the Prussian Cabinet is itself penetrated with the correctness of this view, since, while expressing the wish that hos tilities should be curtailed and circumscribed, it recognises in advance that this ought to take place on both sides. In pursuance of the pacific inclinations expressed in our answer, it is now put to the Prussian Cabinet to use its interest at Vienna and elsewhere to procure for us the securities so indispensably necessary. We feel that we are so much the more entitled to hope this from that quarter, as it was to it (the Prussian Cabinet: that the Emperor first communicated his intention to consider the firm establishment (consolidation) of the religious and civil rights of the Christians in Turkey, if they can be obtained from the Porte in a form of working ethciency, as an actual satisfaction of the demands we have made on it (the Porte) ; and that, by our accession to this principle of the protocol, as well as our satisfaction of the two others, which will be seen by our voluntary withdrawal from the principalities, we henceforth offer Prussia as well as Austria a means of fulfilling the obligations which in that document they have entered into ris-a-vis the Western powers. " You will, baron, express this hope to Baron von Man teasel in the most distinct manner at the same time that you bring this despatch to his knowledge. NESSELRODE." The following is the text of the Prussian reply : " To M. le Baron Werther, at St. P etersburg. Berlin, July 17. "You are already acquainted with the last communica tion addressed to us by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg, in reply to my despatch of the 12th of June, in which, fol lowing the orders of the King, otr august master, I had supported the demands of Austria, contained in a despatch addressed to Count Esterhasy, dated the 3rd of the same month. I add, nevertheless, a copy, as well of the reply made to the Cabinet of Vienna under the form of a des patch addressed to Prince Gortschakoff, as of that ad dressed to Baron de Budberg, of the latter of which the baron had the goodness to allow me to take a copy. "Your sojourn at Berlin must, N. le Baron, have con vinced you that the sincere and constant desire of the Cabinet ' : of the King, notwithstanding the excessive tension of the situation, to arrive at and to establish a starting-point for ulterior negotiations, has not been deviated from in the conscientious imparti examination to which we have subjected the a dslaritions al of the Cabinet of St. Peters- bu Yon cannot better discharge, M. le Baron, the impor• tent functions to which the confidence of the King has called you than by being made the organ to his Majesty the Emperor and the Chancellor of the empire of the im pressions which the last Russian communications have produced upon our august Sovereign. The King highly appreciates the spirit of moderation and conciliation in which they are conceived. His Majesty appreciates at its real value the sincere desire expressed, in the terms used by Count Nesselrode, to respect to the greatest possible extent the wishes and the obligations of the ancient allies of Russia the same as the interests which they are inevi tably bound to protect. " Guided by this tranquillising appreciation, the King, while persisting in the views expressed in my despatch on the P2th of June to the Baron de Werther, will rely upon the Russian answer, and will renew his efforts both at Vienna, aid, in common accord with the Court of Austria, at London and Paris, in the hope of arriving at some just and practicable basis for new chances of re-establishing a mutually good understanding and peace. "We do not disguise from ourselves that this is a m's sion of extraordinary difficulty. We should beforehand consider it impossible, if we did not believe ourselves authorised to expect from the wisdom and loyalty of the Emperor Nicholas that the dispositions which have dic tated the last declarations of his Cabinet will determine his ulterior attitude, and that, converted into deeds, the Ger man powers will consider them as sufficient guarantees for the safety of the interests the defence of which is the object of their engagements between themselves and towards the Cabinets of London and Paris. " Bring this despatch, M. le Baron, to the knowledge of Count Nesselrode, and receive, &c., (Signed) " 111 E U at:' Tim affluence of strangers into Switzerland resembles, we are told,• the ancient migrations of nations. At every step one meets with Englishmen, Americans, and Italians, besides Frenchmen and Germans without num ber. The baths of Baden, a small place in the canton of Argovie, numbers now nearly 0,0 .0 visitors. His Imperial Highness the Prince Peter of Oldenburg, the nephew of Nicholas, and President of the Senate, passed there on the 21st alt., bound homewards. During his sus weeks' stay at Interlaken, with a retinue of fifty-two persons, be had spent 1,6001. SATURDAY, BUCHAREST. THE appearance of Bucharest is not what might be fairly expected, considering that it is tile capital of a large pro vince, that all the principal Boyards, or nobles, reside there, and that they are fond of comparing it to Paris iu puiut of civilisation and luxury. There are no really fine public buildings, and the houses of the nobles, though comtortable, have small pretensions in point of size or elegance. There are two theatres, French and Wallachum : the latter is used as an Italian opera in winter, and is one of the best fitted up buildings of the kind that can he met with anywhere. The inhabitants of Bucharest are about 100,000, of whom 13,000 are Germans, about 100 French, and a number of Armenians and Greeks. The latter are reckoned the sharpest of the sharp iu money matters, and a Wallachiau proverb says that one Greek is a match for three Jews. There are only two English missionaries, and few of the inhabitants have seen an Englishman. Bucharest is quite beyond the usual beat of travellers for amusement ; and all the commerce is dune by Greek houses. When the lius• sians entered the principalities the Emperor of Russia sent an order to toe governing Prince of Wallachia to remain at his post; the Sultan sent him a finnan to come to Constantinople and pay his tribute ; the testa of these two forces was a trip to Vienna. The Government is now carried on by a Council of State formed of those Ministers who have portfolios. The Buyarda, or nobles, all live in Bucharest; the whole soil of the country belongs to them; they farm them to Armenians or Jews, and it is only in very rare instances that they have country houses to which they can pay a short visit in the summer. The lower classes are entirely on the Turkish side, and most of the ' nobles also, but some of the latter are Russian in their ' sympathies. They were very impatient to get rid of their bite would•be friends, and the police were constantly em• I ployed in punishing the juvenile portion of the population I fur perambulating the streets and crying out "Off, off, ' Gortachakoff:" THE RUSSIANS AT BUCHAREST. Tn English visitors who flocked into Buchared upon its occupation by the Turks have picked up and sent home much gossip regarding their prede cessors in that place, namely, the Russians. One of them says:— The Russian officers of the staff, about two hundred in number, and of course the elite of the army, were greatly liked by the inhabitants, as they are all men of education and gentlemanly demeanour, but the rest, 1 am told, are mere brutes, very little better, if any, than the sells they command. It was customary for them, immediately en the receipt of their month's pay, to repair to the principal hotel there, order the most expensive dinners, and drink lavishly of champagne and other costly wines. This of course did not last above four or five days, and they then returned contentedly to the private soldiers' sour soup and black bread fur the remainder of the month. Of this soup 1 despair of giving you any idea—raw cabbage and viargar are the two principal ingredients, and the others, many of which are unknown in .h.ngland, are still less nourishing and wholesome. It forms the main article of the Rusbisit soldier's diet, and gives him the potbelly and flabby look fur which he is famous. He doubtless might be better fed, out of the sum subtracted fro his a for that pun pose, if his superior o ff icers were n ot all p rub y bers, without pity or scruple. The bread presents exactly the appear ance of a piece of lava, or a very black coal cinder, but it is harder than either, and can only be eaten after being steeped in water. It is baked in enormous loaves, large as good-sized millstones, from which the rations are broken oft' with a hatchet. Enough of it is often made at a tune to last for two months. Age makes no dittereece either in its appearance or its taste. It is ju st as palatable twelve months after its production as during the first twenty-timr hours. Outside the etat-ntajor, the only officers who ever entered a bookseller's shop here to seek some means of passing the dull hours of gart•ison lite were Poles, Frenchmen, or men of French or Orman descent. The real Russian delighted in nothing but gluttony and drunkenness, and, unless of very high family, could seldom speak any language but mon ey with his own. B an unsparing han d. ut all, of w hatever race or grade, Roubles were scattered about like water ; shopkeeasked. pers were paid, without hesitatio n, any price they The consequence is that living here now is one-third dearer than in London or Paris. It is true there is a general scarcity, as the traders did not like laying in stoles of any commodity during the winter, no t knowing the day when the town might be bombarde d,' or battle take place under the walls; and the difficulties and cost of a lengthened overland carriage, since the closure of the Danube, must also be taken into account. but, indepen dently of till this, the prices of most articles are enough to make the hair of a man of " limited means " stand erect on his cranium. Porter, manufactured on the spot, and in taste and appearance strongly resembling a mixture of printers' ink and eau eueree, costs three tzwautsigers, or about as many francs, a bottle. A bottle of flat knionade co sts one franc. A single night in a dirty, ill-savoureti, tumble-down hotel, where the bites of the bugs are like bayonet thrusts, waking you every ten minutes in mingled rage and pain, costs, including your breakfast, at least a pound sterling. A DANISH MECHANICIAN, Mr. Eiler, one of the exhibitors at the London Crystal Pa lace, and whose plan for prevent. ing accidents and sig nallin g on railways has been patented in England, has announced another invention for sari g life in a burning house, stable, Sze. By a child cutting s string, and also by the action of the fire itself, all the do• s are at once thrown open (about the worst thing that could be done in most cases); and in the case of stables, &c., the cattle are at the s ame time driven into the era air. The expense is very trifling. ~""'^ r~