The Express. — London, England, 1861-02-18 00:00:00

r SICOND-HAND PIANOFORTES. P., CRAY= HALL awl C. bee • largo skasortment of aseemillead Plinoludes, by the worn clammed makes's, as waft need prica-701. laing-drelt gin enrrfifS. TO . CIIIAIFPON DENT& blended Ise "114 byre:." tootles '. • coo• Paper. ua av the day of pid be at the eekaboo. gam, 10. bourstiestrsol. by Two ItATII Ali T. TAT!. Evisrma. MI BABES I N, TIIt, N% won m,a‘r, mark. A I •'"I4" . miler 'twiny. Mrs Wilame.—An EEN LtIOVBIED AND NU CHILDACti Ibultnain an.l a Huse uo hue. UrrrCals.ndAdegels. Was Y. Wright, Uw E.Weakes. FRINCEIS'A. Tut+ Fricatta. A 4 .4 —laiN C.EA 4R MEP %Z ?tear.. There a0..1 I,hter. Mies M. Harris. Mts. %%e.t.a —Am KIIKI NMON 4. Kt +oh. er. liarlegaia Friday. sad The K ata et the l'arribbee Islands. Mune. Llama' Male. M Mr. A. Forest. PT. JAM INN tole Immo. TIT WITT+ Jot RN IL—THE MA Or Tlitsll7. Marra A.Winam awl Emery. Nn. liwkinehem White. —And EYDY MOM. Nem& C. Time aml Delmore Wan St. Cameo, Herbert, sad ZOW2.—Calallslata at halt pest 7. rup►xWlL, THiq ETINFINO, THE 1114471:1, POLDITJL—And THE Nil Nei: AND TIE neat /Serra Pitt, Parry, Jess Louis, w.l Na.ltat:lris C. Illeplima, Mr A. Deinalai, W. Crautur. BIOS WATIR AT LONDON BRIDGE Tall MIL NM.... Aherne" 1341. To4ll•llaoW—Manieg. Th. Ha.— Aftersoce. el lam. LONDON, MONDAY, FEB. 18. Tun rise in the rate of discount at the Bank of England to so extraordinary a point as 8 per cent. forms a serious feature of the past week. The circumstance that the measure was suite unex pected has contributed to rivet public attention upon it with a degree of earnestness not often observable upon these occasions. When such a measure is rendered necessary by • cause evident to everybody, for example, • foreign drain of bullion, the sense of the commercial community is quo k enough to anticipate the action of the Bank. We know well the correctives pre scribed for such an emergency, and, ordi narily, there is scarcely a murmur in any quarter when the Hank charge is advanced. This has been practically exemplified during tho last trying four months. Between November and January the Bank rate had been raised from 4 to per cont.—an increase of 7:i per cent.— yet no ow complained, for the causes of the movement were apparent to all. They were, mainly—l, the large importations of grain, caused by our deficient harved, and occasioning an efflux of gold ; 2, the dislocation of trade with America, and the flow of gold to that quarter ; and 3, the drain upon the Bank of France, which soon affected our market. But the cause of last week's rase at the Bank from 7 to 8 per cent. is not to be gathered front the considerations patent to the public eye. The continental exchanges are in a satisfactory position ; and although the reco very in the American exchange is only gradual, it appears to bo sure, for there has hitherto been scarcely any reaction. The situation is sum marised in the fact that the Australasian took on Saturday for New York only 10,0001. in specie. It is true there is a somewhat increased demand for silver for the East, which has led during the past week to the withdrawal of about 400,000/. of this metal from the Bank of England. The demand for India arises, however, from causes of • purely commercial order. It is not influenced either by • sudden political and financial panic, such as has been witnessed in America, or by the efforts of • great Bank to keep afloat an unduly large paper circulation, as we have seen in France. The drain of silver to the East has at various times caused tightness in our money market, but it has never caused panic, simply because we know it is completely in accordance with the natural course of trade. Had it not been for the demand for silver for India, there would have been an increase of 140,0001. during the last week in the Bank bullion. This is indicated by the fact, that of the 400,0001. in silver which has been parted with, 140,0001. has been replaced by gold imported from Australia. There is no longer any profit on the exportation of gold to the Conti nent. Indeed, the continental exchanges are now at such a point that there is • fair prospect of gold being remitted hither. Already some not inconsiderable amounts of continental capital have come forward for investment here in good bills under the stimulus of our high rate of discount. The capitalists of Frankfort and Hamburg, where money is " a drug," are glad of the opportunity of sending over their surplus funds for employment here at 7 and 8 per cent. in excellent securities. This is au operation which will of course tend still further to put the exchanges in our favour for the present. The Banks of England and France being in the habit of exchanging information and other civilities, the Directors of the former must have been well aware on Thursday last of the great improvement which has taken place in the position of the latter. Considering how short a period has elapsed since the French Bank were subjected to a very active drain, it would have been unrea si n tblo t 3 expect so satisfactory a return as that just issued. The enormous decrease-5,400,0001. —in the discounts shows to how great an extent the motive power for the recent draughts upon the French specie reserves was supplied by the Bank of France itself. The demand upon it for accommodation, and the demand for gold, for de spatch abroad, have dwindled away together. There can be no doubt, too, that the high value of money has given a check to French trade, and has reduced the amount of corn ' menial paper requiring encashment. So sensible are the Bank and the Government of the discou ragement which the present condition of the money market inflicts upon commercial enterprise in every form, that it is fully understood the rate of dis count would have been lowered from 7 to 6 per cent. on Thursday last but for the unexpected news of the rise in the rate of the Bank of Eng land to 8 per cent., which was communicated by the latter establishment to Paris by electric telegraph. ender these circtunstances we cannot feel our, prised at the flood of inquiries which have come pouring up from the country to every banking house in London. " What is the cause of the " rise at the Bank T " is the question put on every aide. We notice that some of tho most uncom promising advocates of the Bank of England and of the Act of 1844 have upon this occasion been surprised into an expression of dissatisfaction. It has often been affirmed that the Bank have no special power— no peculiar control over the money market. The assertion does act at all harmonise with the experience of the past week. On Wed nesday the Bank accommodated the public at 7 per cent, and 7 per cent. was also the rate for good bills in the general market On Thursday, the position of financial affairs having undergone, in reality, no change, they intimated that their charge would henceforward be 8, and instantly , the rate throughout the market became 8. An apter illustration was never furnished of the power actually wielded by the Bank in their threefold capacity—firstly, as the largest joint-stock THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 18, 1861. bank in the kingdom ; secondly, as the bankers to the State and holders of the public balances ; and, thirdly, as the man agers of the currency of the country. Apart from this the Bank minimum has, by common consent, been fixed as the standard by which a vast uumber of commercial and financial transactions of every day occurrence are regulated. The more impor tant is it, therefore, that the sufficiently anomalous duties cast upon this establishment should be per formed with the utmost care and discretion, and the more reasonable is it that the policy of the Bank should be regarded as a topic of free criti cism both in Parliament and in the press. According to rumours which circulate in good quarters, the minorityat the Bank Board upon the division respecting the propriety of advancing the rate to 8 per cent. was larger than is usual upon these occasions, and comprised some of the most respected and experienced members. As to the considerations by which the majority were guided, it is believed that, though the demand for silver for exportation formed a weighty element, their decision was chiefly based upon an apprehended resumption of the flow of gold to America. Now, the public do not presume to set themselves up as better judges of the affairs of the Bank than the Bank Court—or rather, as we may say, with regard to the present occasion, than the majority of the Court. But neither are they disposed, in these days of swift information and general telegraphing, to bow to the assumption that the Bank Court must be in the exclusive possession of momentous knowledge. The com munity judge of the policy of the Bank by the Bank accounts ; and, as this test does not explain the sudden advance in the rate, it is not very unreasonable for them to think with the large minority in the Bank Court itself that the step has been rather hastily taken. Not that any one will be bold enough to assume the prophetic mantle and affirm that the measure might not become necessary. We can none of us see into the future. But as it is open to the Bank to raise the rate of discount upon any day when they may think proper, it certainly strikes us that the remedy might as well ) have been applied as soon as the evil showed itself. fiufficieut for the day is the evil thereof.' It is not as if money were cheap and a foreign drain were beginning to show itself. Prompt ac tion by the Bank is then by far the soundest policy, in its own interest and in that of the country. But the "screw " is already very tight now, and a good reason is required for each additional turn. The accounts of the state of trade are becoming l more unfavourable. What with the high rate of money, uncertainty as to the future course of the market, the check to business with America, and the failures in the Creek and Levant trades, com mercial enterprise is becoming discouraged. The only improvement observable is in the hosiery and hardware branches. The cotton manufacturing interest, long excep tionally prosperous, is now beginning to suffer. The suspension of work by 10,000 or 15,000 operatives at Blackburn and the neighbourhood is a sign of the times. The latest accounts from Manchester state that the rise in the Bank rate seems to have caused a more than usual degree of perplexity and embarrassment in most quarters, and led to so complete a suspension of operations that nothing like regular quotations are attempted. This account applies to all classes of goods, and the little business previously doing in yarns is also at au end. LORD JOHN AUSSILL ON THE APPMILI OP mar. The following letter baa been received by Mr. M' Tear of CLogow, in acknowledgment of the memorial agreed to at the meeting in the Queen's Hotel, on the 30th ult., in favour of the principle of nonintervention in the affain of Italy and the Continent generally : " Foreign Mice, Feb. 14. " Sir,—Lord John Rumen has desired me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the lit instant, forwarding a memorial, addressed to his lordship by certain inhabitants of Glasgow, and agreed to at • meeting held tbere on the 3Uth ult.: and I am to rape, the satisfaction with which he has received this testimony of the friendly sentiments of the memorialists in regard to the lair which he has held, and therpoliey which bee Raja* s government have pursued, upon the affair% of Italy.-1 ve the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, (Si;;ora) "One. S. Etuoy. " Robert M`Tear, Egg., Glasgow." THE CHANCELLOR OP THE EXCHEQUER AND THE HOP puma Pursuant to the decision of an important meet ing of East Kent hop-planters held at Canterbury, at which it was resolved to use every possible exertion to obtain the further postponement of the second moiety of the 1859 duty, because it would be impossible to collect it on the Ist of March next without causing great distress, if not entire ruin, to • large number of planters, Mr. Thomas White Collard (the secretary to the Hop Planters' Association) wail directed to write to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to ask when it would be convenient for the right hon. gentleman to receive a deputation from the East Kent planters, for the purpose of presenting a memorial in favour of a further post poosment of the second moiety of the 1859 duty, payable on the let of next month. In answer to that application the following letter has been received : " London, Feb 14,1861. - - " am directed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer to acknowledge the favour of your letter of the 13th instant; and I am to acquaint you in reply that he has alreedy felt it hie duty to decline to receive a deputation appointed fee the porpoise which you same. Inasmuch ea he feels that a due regard to the intestine of the I%islature in the act of bat year entirely precludes hie awarding to a request for a renewed postponement of the hop duty, his agreeing to receive a deputation would but be the means of raising a Wee ex peetatios.—l am, kr., C. L RYAN. " T. W. Collard, Req." RIPILIOINTATION OP BiILILIOSTILAD. —The proba bility ef Birkenhead shortly becoming an electoral hes amused theelecten of that town to action, and on bc r il ay i lest a meshes of the conservative hargems was held, whes it wee agesedto present a requinitice to Mr. John Laird, re =tie* he should allow him& to be amineted for et paatimmedery emit On Saturday, however, placards appeared ea the walk emmating, a. it would age mar, from the Birkenhead Helena Ameociation, emliseas the hbend sliders he themselves, sad ma stating that alt would he bt forward to repro- Net the liberal hierestis the sear joro.gb. Cminalmit.--A mall but influmitial meeting woe held ea Friday imenhg in the ildlosephissi Reams, to beer shatemeets ham the Rev. _Frederick Mirk& relative tithe general objects of the Angio-Oestineetal Society, and wipecully it. mentions iv Italy. The Rev. Harold= Nomaian Prolesserof Divieity,oecepied the chair, be the Rev. Lard Charles Hervey, the Rev. Z. H. and others. Themestivig was shimmed by Mr. i I. Hervey. itchiest Ayres, Mr. Massy, Mr i .=, Mr. E. H. Fersernia end Mr. Bcannioet, and much intereatiss infenserien vies Oen respecting Dr. Camillen's wish to taking knewu the pristiples of the il relametim to the habeas so as to lad to a Mailer whew in their owe chunk. /tie religion melt* ef British subjects in Spain was also masklind. Such was the Uttered excited, that it was unanimoirely resolved to call a public for the pnrpoee of mead/eh( the duty of the eh:IC: I6 J Leaked to the Italians at the mum* Grids. Fox Crx s. —The wooed nasetisig of the Fox Club toek phice m illaturdep meths at Brooke's. Amiss he visitors present were, Lad Charles J. Fos Rumen, Viseneat Lianover, J. B. Liras, Req., M.P., HOS, Frederick Cadogan Aggress Fig, Col. the Hon. Weisman Cake, x.r a _Ho r t= & RusesU, Lord fleadirs, Bight Hsu. J. W. Filepatrisk, Him. Hs:natio H. beams, Crimp C. B. Cislioner, Frederick Durable, Req., ILE. lard Qemeenie. Oslosel it A. S. Adair,Colonel .X. OneVeod, Viscount Itikland, ROYAL UO j LLY.OII OP PiTSICIA/14 OF LOWDON.—At the Ceilidh' Majors Extraerdimria, held en Thursday lest 14th inst., the following gestissem h min nerhignes the eat iE seesmary exandnatim, hid satided the dash I prellehmey I. the seines, mil gesedise el mg midwilsey, were doily admillei M war ghillie" Mir ef the mama :—W. Williams. PIA" IpX . ' head ; C. R. Suffield, Harborne, Birmingham .:J His.. Bay ; F. J. Prier, Tewkaahury ; A. Roberts, Mat cense-mum, Brampton ; H. Wheeler, Clifton ; mil H. May, Liegtes, ihafferithire. Ilk Court. Baroness Brunnow, wife of the Rnasian Ambas sador, was presented to her Majedy the Queen on Saturday, at au audience at Buckingham Palace, by Lady John Humell Her Majesty was attended by Lord De Tabley, Lord in Waiting. The Queen and Princess Alice, and the Princesses Helena and Louise, rude on horseback iu the Riling-house of Buck ingham Palace on Saturday. Her Majesty had a dinner party in the evening. The company included the Primer Alice, the Duke and Duchess of Roaburgbe, the Portuguese Minister Count de Lavradio, the Brazilian Minister and Madame de Moreira, the Marquis and Marchioness of Winchester, the Earl of Ellenborougb, Lord and Lady John Russell, Lord and Lady Cranworth, lady Fanny Howard, and Major-General Sir ttichardAirey. The baud of the 2nd Life Guards played during dinner. Yesterday the Queen, the Princess Alice, Prince Leopold, Prince Arthur, the Princesses Helena and Louise, the ladies and Gentlemen of this Court, and the domestic household attended divine service in the private chapel, Buckingham Palace. The Rev. H. Melvill preached the sermon. A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. The ministers present were Vis count Pahnerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, Sir G. Cornwall Lewis, Lord John Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. T. Manor Gibson, Lord Stanley of Alderley, Sir George Grey, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell. A deputation from the steam ahipownen al London, con sisting of Mr. F. W. Russell, M.P.. Captain Nainse, Mr. Roots, Mr. Pratt, and Mr. M (sseretary), with Mr. lanaden, Mr. Glover, Mr. I.eathim, and Mr. Ewall, rer presenting steam shipowners at Mull, and Mr. Gramm, re presen'tusc:shipowners at Glasgow, had an interview with th• ht Hon. T. liilner Gibson, on Saturday, at the aloe of the of Trade. The deputation was introduced by Lord liotham, M.P., and accompanied by Colonel Sykes, ILP., Colonel French, M.P., Mr. Somes, M.P., Mr. Bee croft, M.P., Mr. Baines., M.P., and Mr. Blake, M.P. The Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1562 met at . the Coencil-odice on Saturday lest. Present : Earl Grassed* ILO., Mr. Thomas Baring, M.P., Mr. C. W. bilks, and Mr. Thomas FAirlairn. Mr.Y. O'Brien, with despatches from her Majesty's Am bassador at Constantinople, had an interview with Lind John Russell, at the Foreiga.othce, on Saturday. The Judicial ('ommittee of the Privy Council sat en Sa turday. Appeals from Jersey—" .71111Vrin V. DI la Mare," and Hayley v. Bartlett and others," were beard. The Lords present were Lord Kiugsdown, the Master of the Roth, and Sir E. Ryan. Despatches were sent on Satunlay from the Colonial oflice, to the Governors of Canada, Bahamas, West Indies, and British Columbia. Despatches from the Governors of New Zealand, the Australian Colonies, Ceylon, Hong Kong, Imbuan, and Gib raltar, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Hat MAJWITY'II THEATRE.--On Saturday night his Royal Highness Prince Arthur, Colonel Grey, Sir Chan. Phipps, and party °occupied the Queen's box, to see the opens at Robin Hued and pantomime. . . His Royal Highness the General Commanding is-Chief will hold a levee at the Hone Guards, at one o'clock, on Thursday next, the 21st instant. Her Royal Highuesa the Ruches* of Cambridge had a dinner party on Saturday evening, at her apartments at St. James's Palace. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, his Excellency the Austrian Ambassador and the Countess d'Apponyi, the Earl of Malmeabstry, Count Baden, the Right Hoe. Sir Hamilton Seymour, and the Marchioness of Ely were among the guests. The duchess received a select circle of friends later in the evening. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough and family arrived at their mansion in St. James's. square on Saturday, from Blenheim Palace, near Woodstock. The Marquis rand Marchioness of Tweeddale are shortly expected in town from Yager House, N.B. The Marquis of Hartington, M.P., has left Devonshire House for Melton Mowbrey. The Earl and Countess Stanhope entertained at dinner on Friday last the Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde, the Earl and Countess Grey, Lady Charlotte Denison, Viscount Chelsea, Lord Stanley, M.P., the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Francis Stator, and Sir David Dundee. The Countess (Dowager) of Westmoreland and Lady Roes Fans have left town, on a visit to the Countess (Dowager) of Jersey, at Mkklleton Park, Dear Bioester. - Lady Mary Wool and Mies Wood are passing the man at Nice. Her ladyship will sot return to town until Nay. Lord and laidy Churchill have arrived at the St. George's Hotel. Colonel the Hon. W. P. and Lady Emma Talbot have taken a mansion in Cromwoll•road, South Kensington, for a term of years. _ Viscountess Palmerston held an assembly on Saturday evening, at Cambridge Home. Previomly to the assembly the viscount and viacountess entertained at dinner the Countess of Gainsborough and Lady Victoria Noel, the Earl of Shaftesbury and Lady Victoria Ashley, Vis count Holmesdale, Viscount Chelsea, Visoounteas Jocelyn, Count Strzelecki, Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Hrs. Arthur Kin naird, M.P., Hon. Mn. William Cowper, Mr. and Mrs. B. Moncktou Miler, Mr. Cameron, sad Mr. Oliphant. _ . The Right Hon. the Speaker gave hie first par lierareatery dinner thin session to the following members of tie House of Commons on Saturday:—Viscount Palmerston, ILG., Lord John Boren, Sir G. Cornwall Lewis, Sir G. Grey, G.C.8., Sir Charles Wood, G.C.8., the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Right Hon. E. Cardwell, Right Hon. O. P. Villiers, Right Hon. T. Mauer Gibson, Right Hoe. W. Hutt, Right Hoe. W. Cowper, Right Hon. R. Lowe, the Lord Advocate, the Judge Advocate-General, the Solicitor-General, Viscount Bury, Lord Proby, Viscouot Osetlerome, Hon. Henry Brand, Right Hou. F. Peel, Sir W. Dunbar, Mr. Baring, Mr. Whitbread, Mr. Massey, Mr. C. Poetesses, Mr. Clive, Mr. Knatehbull-Hngessen, Mr. Bagwell, Mr. Forster (Walsdl►, Mr. Gilpin, Sir E. Cole brook% mad Mt. Paget. The Hon. G. L. Waldegrave and the Rev. Mary Drury had the honour of joining the party. The testiitisa at Reutileahaui Hall , Ipavich, Is eabbeation of the majority of Lord Reodlesham, have fad passed off. Among the guests staying at the hall have been the Duke and Duchess of Rozbarghe, the Marquis of Beaumont and Lady Charlotte Laws Mar, Lord Charles Ker, the Dachas of Si. Albans and lady Dans Beanelerk and Lord A. Beatrierk, the Earl and Countes s ci Stradbroba, Lord sad Lady Henniker, Lord and Lady Haatingiald, tie Marquis Camden, Lord George Pratt, the ladies Pratt, Lard sad lady Alfred Paget, the Right Hos. T. lillsor Gibe= sad Ni.. Waco, Sir Fitzroy Kelly, M.P., sad lady Many, Sir R. C. Morrison, M.P., and Lady Carolina Kerrisca, Sir Charles and Lady Rowley, Sir E. H. L laws, M.P., sad lady Loom, Sir H. J. Steamy, LP., sod lady 11Breray, Mr R. Bowater and Lady Bowater, Sir Malta Ai/afraid lady Adair, Colonel A. K Adair, Mr. H. L Adair, ILP., Mr. J. C. Cobbold, LP., rte. TIN Liverpool Albion of to-day says :—" We boar ezeolhaa authority for believing that the government may be iallessel, it inteselvely memorialised, to supply esbnimer eaderme (scarlet sr blue) at cost price, which is ' ems-ildrd less thee any oostactor can apply, and the ma teriel eeperies. We trust that it the government do ••• &maks Ws slater, they will lad,' upon unitermity. No time &bead be lost in urging the matter with the War aim" On Friday night Miss Helen Faucit ooncluded a brief nesseimeat at the Queen's Theatre, Edinburgh, and tesh her bereft. The house wee crowded to emirs, the amilimee esertiowier into the eweheers, and closing up all the purges, sad large intursre were unable to gale ag. Seirtse. The piny was As pm Lite It, in which the part of lianitail was erisiasd by Mir Feacit. A requisition lies for signature at the Mansion Meuse, Dublin, requesting the Lord Mayer to eel a public resedes, is ardor that the inhabitants of Dahlia may ex press their sympathy in the tabs of the late Oaptaia Boyd end Ids brave crew, who periled in the stone of Saturday, the Ilk MIA, la their marts to says the Ives of the crew ef vete& eldrneeked at Alnputowa en that day, and to Lb means far arestlas a seilshis mamesial of it. The foundation is now being laid In Paris of new dahlia They are la be erected oa the apse apace h Mei of Ow bridge of Ahra The city of Peris is to bear ersonss 41 three sew bailer ia Mums dor the grand ea wihi the old &arise de Louvre stood. It is said that the am imperial stables are to be finished is a style al argailimse sapsnor is saythisi of the kind yet masa. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. AUSTRIA AND THE FALL OF GAETA. The Austrian journals dilate upon the conse quences of the fall of Gaeta as regards Austria. The A ustrian Gazette observes that the definitive paci fication of Southern Italy puts 100,000 men at the disposal of the Piedmontese government. "The fall of Gaeta," says this journal, " must necessarily react upon the Roman question, and France, pressed by England and Sardinia, cannot do otherwise than abandon the Pope, as it has abandoned Francis the Second. What is to prevent Piedmont from declaring war upon Aus tria on the day on which the Italian parliament. from the top of the Quirinal, decrees such a war r If France has promised to observe neutrality in the event of a Piedmontese attack on Austria, and in case of Austria not having the support of Germany, on the other hand, has not M. de Schleinitz declared in the Chamber of Deputies, at Berlin, that Prussia Lae entered into no engage ment with Austria relative to Venetia 1 Th us, continues the Gaatte, Austria will find herelf alone in the contest with Italy ; and though she may have nothing to fear from Italy alone, she has much to apprehend from the allies that Italy would find in the eastern provinces of the empire. Another journal of Vienna, the Oat Deutsche Peat, betrays still greater anxiety. At Milan the municipality have published a proclamation, in which they say that the roar of the cannon celebrating the fall of Gaeta will be heard at Rome and Venice ; and the proclamation concludes by calling upon Italians to "renew the oatl. of union, to the cry of Long live the King of Italy !' " ROME AND SARDINIA. A letter from Turin of the 14th, in the Dlbafs, says :—" The celebrated Father Passaglia, one of the principal agents of the Holy See, is now at Turin, having come with the assent of the court of Rome and of our government. Many comments are of course made on this fact. The session of (parliament will be held at Turin, but on separating, the chambers will declare that their next session shall be held at Rome." The Annonia, the well-known ultramontane journal of Turin, says :—" In spite of the protests and prayers of Catholics, law and justice will not prevail against force, and Rome, sooner or later, will share the fate of Gaeta. The protection of France towards the Holy Father will be reduced to the offering hinia steamer to carry him into exile." RUSSIA. The Brussels Independence states, on the authority of letters from St. Petersburg, that the 3rd of March, the anniversary of the Emperor Alex ander's accession to the throne, is definitively fixed upon as the day for the proclamation of the eman cipation of the serfs. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter'a office : ITALY. MILAN, SCNDAT. The Perstrernina publishes • telegram from Perugia, dated the 15th inst., announcing that the Papal Zouaves had invaded Sardinian territory, but that they had been repulsed by volunteers. The pontifical soldiers had fortified themselves at Nanzauo. The same paper statists that the surrender of Gaeta had given rise to great rejoicing in Rome. TURIN, SUNDAY EVIIMIG. The Official Casette publishes a decree ordering the cessation of the administrative autonomy of Tuscany. King Victor Emmanuel is expected to arrive here this evening. NAPLES, Fn. 16. The Nar.ionate announces the discovery of a con spiracy in favour of Prince Murat, and states that the trial had commenced. HUNGARY. PERTH, Fn. 16. The Court Chancellor Baron Yay, in his reply to the Obergespinne, said: " The diploma of October has created mutual obligations. The King has faithfully redeemed his pledge, and the country may now also fulfil its engageinentr by supporting the functionaries of the government." PFSTH, Fm 16. The Prince Primate has accepted from the Ober gespanne the mission of laying before the Emperor their petition for the re-establishment of the laws of 1848, and the convocation of the Diet at Pesth. AGRAM, Fee. 16. The General Congregation ham sent a deputation to the Ban, requesting him to raise the state of siege at Fiume. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, Fxs. 16. The Berlingske Title ride declares that no difference of opinion on creations of principle has existed be tween the ministers, and that complete unanimity now prevails between them. The same journal says : "The statement of the Flyrepost respecting the intention of the King to grant a constitution for the whole of the kingdom, and to institute two Chambers, is without any foundation. The estates of Holstein will be shortly oouvoked." A sitting of the Privy Council will take place next Tuesday, in which the ministerial projects will be submitted to the King's sanction. FRANCE AND RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, Pen 16. A direct transaction has been arranged between the Imperial Bank and the Bank of France for the exchange of 30 millions of francs in gold for the same amount in silver. SPAIN. MADRID, Fin. 17. Nothing positive is known respecting the ru moured ministerial crisis. The Spanish minister in Mexico has received hie passports from the new government, and is about to proceed to Havana. The Spanish squadron off Havana has been ordered to Vera Cruz. . —.— The Spanish journals assert that dimension was about to break out among the constitutional party in Mexico. The Emperor of Austria has given orders that the so-called " Schwarz-Spinier" Church, which for many years has been used as a magazine, shall be given to the Vienna protestants as a place of worship. The children (enfants de troupe) of the French Gendarmerie, the three regiments of Guards, and of the Eaterss of the Imperial Guard, were assembled with arms and knapsacks on Friday in the courtyard of the Tuileries. These young soldiers manoeuvred during an hour in presence of the Emperor, the Empress, and the Prince Imperial. The Prince was attired in the uniform of the Ist Regiment ci Grenadiers, to which be belongs. This parade attracted • huge crowd, who loudly cheered the imperial family. After the boys had fled past, the Prime Imperial, taking two of the apprentice grenadiers by the band, invited all his comrades to partake of a luncheon, which was laid out in the dining-room of the palace. General Benodek was a few days back received in private audience by the Emperor Francis-Joseph. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (now ous owx PARIS, SUNDAY ETZNING. The conference on the affairs of Syria, which meets to-morrow or Tuesday, will deliberate not only upon the report of the international commis sion of Beyrout, but also upon a rival report, drawn up by Ali Pacha, the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs. This latter report opposes the establishment of a single government in Syria, and suggests that the province should be divided into two pachalicks, with Beyrout and Damascus for capitals. A corps of 25,000 Turks, commanded by a Turkish general, would keep order in these two provinces, and a council-general, composed of Christians and Musaulmen, would be attached to each pachalic. The revenues of the two provinces would be appropriated to the public ser vices created by the new organisation, in cluding, however—and this is a very important item—the payment of the army to be kept up for the defence of the inhabitants. The French go vernment, as smatter of course, receives this scheme with disfavour, and ►lleges that it is in the main nothing but a device for making the Syrian Chris tians pay the Turkish soldiers who are to oppress them. The Opinion Nationale, referring not to the above project but to the other, according to which Fuad Pacha was to be Governor-General of Syria with the fullest possible powers, falls foul upon Fuad in very violent terms, declaring that he is " an object of terror and execration" to all the Christians in the East. This tirade is the preface to a proposal which I note as being thrown out for the first time, that if Abd-el Kader cannot be made viceroy, Syria should be " purely and simply an nexed to Egypt." M. Solarthe, principal editor of the Passe, con siders the Guerronniire pamphlet as being simply "the history of the separation of Italy and Papacy," and he exclaims, " the temporal power is over ri.cii." This is precisely the view which I took yes terday, and I find it to be the general one. The P nye, however, thinks it impossible that the Pope can continue to live in Rome, " face to face with Victor Emmanuel, whom he halt excommunicated." lam not at all sure of this. It was rumoured a little while ago that the Pope had appointed a committee of theologians to consider the question how far temporal power was necessary to the inde pendent exercise of his spiritual functions, and now the last letters from Italy say that the Jesuit Pas saglia has arrived in Turin on a sort of sporting mission from Cardinal Antonelli to take soundings for negotiations with Pied mont. I have not the least doubt that when the Pope finds that the best thing he can do is to come into the scheme of a vicariat with Victor Emmanuel—and the pamphlet seems to leave him no other issue—the theologians will discover ex cellent religious reasons for giving up the tempo ralities. The Pays announces that the draft of a treaty of commerce between Turkey, France, and England has been received by the cabinets of Paris and London ; it is proposed to fix the import duties at 8 per cent., the export duties at 5 per cent., and the duties on goods in transite at 3 per cent., to be successively reduced to 2 per cent. and 1 per cent. After the proclamation of the amnesty last year the French Consul in London informed M. Ledru Rollin that it did not apply to him because he had been found guilty "by default" of participation in a plot against the life of the Emperor, which was a com mon law, and not a political offence. Thereupon M. Ledru Rollin submitted to several eminent Preach advocates the following question:—" Is a plot against the Emperor's life a political crime P' The following advocates, in an opinion dated Jan. 23, 1861, have resolved the question in the affir mative, adding that M. Ledru Rollin has a legal right to enter France without being molested : Jules Fawn, bitonnier ; Marie, wades biltonnier ; Plooque, ancien tAtonnier ; Ad. Crimiintx E. Desmarets, Leblond, Paul Andrei , Emmanuel Argo, Th. Bac, Da Barthelemy, A. Betolaud, Etienne Blanc, Camille Bouquet, Bouillaud, Edouard Bounlet, &mutant Leon Chamaillard, G. Chaudey, Cresson, J. J. Delaol, Lion des Etangs, Due:, Dupont (de Sumac), Emile Duna; I)urieux, Fauet, Ferey, Ch. Floquet, H. Fontan, Ach. Oournot, 0417, L. C. Grilliet, Guiard, Hubard, Humans, Ksempfen, De Kermarec , Emile Jay, A. Juliet, Labor de, Laurier, Lehman, Lecanu, Emile Leroux, Leven, R. Mognier, Mallard, Malapert, Montigny, Jules Morel, H. Moulin, Adalbert Philis, Ernest Picard, Aug. Poyet, Ed. Puthod, L. Renaud, Eugene Richard, Jules Ronjat, 0. Salvetat, Truitt, Vavasseur, Voncken. PARIS, SATURDAY EVENING. Notwithstanding all that is said about the ambi gu9ty of the Guerronniere pamphlet, I think it rings the death knell of the Pope's temporal power. In endeavouring to find the true meaning of it we must look at the surrounding eircumstancesas much VI at the language used. The latter has no doubt been softened down out. of tenderuessfor the clergy, and to keep up the fiction that the Emperor is not only by tradition the "eldest sou of the church," but in fact and in deed its most respectful and obe dient servant. M. Thouvenel, as I am assured, claims credit for striking out some of the original passages of the pamphlet, and is angry at the con tradiction of his having done so which another minister took upon himself to send to the evening papers last night ; and, to make a short digression, you must not be astonished to learn that there are declared differences of opinion among Napoleon's ministers. They are not a homogeneous body— there is no solidarity between them. According to the Imperial system, each man is separately and individually responsible to his master alone, and as long as he pleases hie] will naturally try to gratify his own opinions without regard to his colleagues. Only lately, the speeches of MM. Troplong and de Morey were remarked as containing altogether conflicting views of the decree of Nov. 24 ; but the Emperor, who has suddenly became alive to the in convenience of keeping a people in leading strings, carries his new-born zeal for independent thought to such an extent as to allow his confidential coun cillors to contradict each other in public. But to return to the pamphlet :—lt is very difficult to con ceive how such a bill of indictment against the court of Rome should be published by authority, under present circumstances, if it were the Em peror's intention to prop up the government of the Cardinals much longer. Perhaps the most im portant line in the whole pamphlet is that which declares Rome to be the " obstacle to the organisation of Italy." This is, in other words, a declaration that the French army of Rome is the obstacle, for it is plain to all the world that if that army were withdrawn, the Pope would give the King of Italy no further trouble. When the Emperor—for he it is who really speaks by the pen of theCouncillor of State, Guerrouniere--complains of an " obstacle," it cannot reasonably be supposed that he means that obstacle to remain in papctuity when it is in his own power to remove it by merely passive means. He has over and over again said that he would not for ever be the gaoler of the Roman States, and the recently published diplo matic correspondence shows that he has more than once officially threatened to withdraw his troops. I have been very slow to believe that he ever really means to loose his hold upon Italy ; but I now think be will. The Side thinks that the choice of M. Granier de Cassagnac to draw up the address, on behalf of the committee, does not imply that it will he framed in an ultramoutane sense, and it very irreverently gives it to be understood that the sturdy catholic of the Pays, seeing which way the cat jumps, has modified his opinions within the last three days. • Abd-el-Kader is shortly coming to France. He is expected at the Chateau Masc 3, near Pau, and also in Paris. The Emir is said to have assured Fluid Paella that he has no thought of coming forward as his rival for the_pachalic of Syria. It is announced that the European conference on the Syrian question will meet at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 18th or 19th instant. The Opinion Nationale, which originally circu lated the news that three French noblemen, MM. de Noe, St. Pierre, and St. Martin, had been sen tenced to death by a court-martial at Messina, now corrects the statement. They are merely arrested on a charge of conspiracy, and have been seat to Genoa to take their trial. A Prussian named Kalkreuth, a mysterious personage , who is said to have betrayed them, is now their fellow - prisoner. At the Bourse to -day, although the amount of business done was still very limited, there was a decidedly better feeling. The Guerronuiere pamphlet is considered favourable to the Italian cause, and therefore pacific ; and the speech which Victor Emmanuel will pronounce on Monday is discounted in a pacific sense. The Route rose 25 cents. for cash and 20c. for account, closing at 68.30 and 68.25. Mobilier rose 8.75. The Orleans Railway rose 8.75 ; Northern, 5 ; Lyons, 3.75; Southern, 6.25 ; and Eastern, .25. Western with out change. THE CESSION OF MENTONE AND ROQUE- BRUNE. The Journal de Monaco of the 10th inst. pub lishes the following : On the 2nd of February a treaty was signed at Paris, by which his Most Serene Highness the Prince of Monaco cedes the communes of Mentone and Roquebrune to his Majesty the Emperor of the French. The Plenipotentiaries were, for the Emperor, M. P. Fenger., lows dircete•r of Foreign Affairs, and, for the Prince, M. le Comte Henri d'Avigdor. The exchange of ratifications will take place within ten days. This cession is made by the prince for an indemnity of 4,000,000 fr. (160,0001.), as also the restitution of the private properties belonging to his most serene highness in the communes of Mentone and Roquebrune, and of which the prince was despoiled in 1848. The treaty stipulates, moreover, the establishment of • Customs union between France and the Principality, and the engagement on the part of the imperial government to construct a carriage road between Nice and Monaco, follow- Mg the seashore, as also to enlarge and improve the road from Monaco to Menton. This treaty, which is as honourable for our sovereign aa it is advantageous for the country, puts an end to the abnormal state of things which has existed for " thirteen THE LAST DAYS AT GAETA. years." The Monitenr publishes the following : A private despateh ham announced the arrival at Rome, on the 14th inst., of the King and Queen of Naples. They are accompanied by the King's brothers, and by General Bosco, who has been appointed gentleman of the chamber. 11. Casella has remained at Gaeta to settle all matters con cerning the surrender of the fortress. Their Majesties alighted at the Palace of the Quirinsf, where his Holiness Pope Pins IX. paid them a visit on the 15th. It appears that the bombardment on the 11th and 12th was of extreme violence. The explosion of the powder magazines had rendered the rifled cannon useless ; but the fortress still replied with the other guns. The Neapolitan artillerymen displayed the greatest bravery ; twice they silenced the guns of the Batterie des Cepucius. On the 13th, although negotiations had been partially opened, the bombardment continued with the same vio- lence ; two batteries of the fortress were demolished, and then the capitulation was signed. It was the fortress that fired the last cannon shot. It appears that from the demand to surrender to the moment the capitulation was signed the Piedmontese threw 50,000 shells into the fortress. On the 14th the Sardinian troops occupied one-half 02 the town at 8 a.m. At the same time the Queen, the Princes, the royal household, and the foreign ministers em barked on board La Rouette. The King passed the Nea politan troops in review, who wept as they presented arms to him. An immense crowd was assembled, and the popu lation shed tears. The Kiog was very pale from emotion, Royal honours were paid to Francis 11. as ho embarked on board la Mouette. As the vessel left a salute of 21 guns was fired and the flags were lowered from the batteries, while the garrison shouted " Long live the King !" though in presence of the Piedmoutese, already in possession. DENMARK AND PRUSSIA. Ad vices from Berlin state that the Danish Minis ter at the Court of Prussia has received orders from his government to make overtures to the Prussian Cabinet, which may lead to the amicable solution of the question of the Duchies. It is added that, in the event of M. de Bchleinitz find ing the new propositions satisfactory enough to open a negotiation, the Germanic Diet would not raise any difficulties, as it tacitly accepts the direc tion of Prussia. THE UNITED STATES. QUEF.NSTOWN, SUNDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Niagara, Captain Moodie, from Boston on the 6th Umlaut and Hali fax on the 7th instant, arrived here at live a.m. to- day. She brings 74 passengers and 14,797 dollars in specie for Havre. The Niagara landed nine passengers and all mails, except those for Liverpool, and proceeded at six a.m. All well. She was detained the hours off the harbour by thick weather. NEW YORK, as. 5. The Kedar has arrived out. The Peace Confer ence met at Washington yesterday. The Louisiana senators, Messrs. Slidell and Ben jamin, have withdrawn from Congress. The Virginia Conference re-assembled this morn ing with closed doors. Nothing is known of the proceedings. The Texas Convention met at Austin on the 28th ult. It was believed that the secession ordinances would be submitted to the people on the 20th in stant, and that a new convention would be called to assemble on the 2nd March. Pensacola sAlvices are to the 2nd of February. A truce had been concluded between Lieutenant Stammer and the State forces. Some papers speak of the withdrawal of the Federal troops from Pen sacola as a measure decided upon. The United States steamship Supply arrived at New York yesterday from Pensacola, having on board the officers, marines, and sailors who were at Warrington yard when it was given up to the Floridans. The North Carolina House has unanimously passed a resolution ' that in Calla the endeavours for reconciliation fail North Carolina got% with the other slave states. The United States revenue cutter Lewis Cass had been surrendered to the State of Alabama. Fifty thousand people were 'stated to be on the verge of starvation in Kansas. Advicee from Hammel' are to the let inst. Sugars were dull. Exchange on London : Bankers' bills, 100 to 106} ; commercial bills, 1O to 104._ _ LATEST BY TELEGRAPH. NEW YORK. Fre. 7. Texas has definitively seceded from the Union. The President has refused to accept South Caro. line's ultimatum. An attack on Fort Sumter is expected. The attempt to take Fort Pickens has been abandoned. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE Stocks better. New York Central, 761 ; Erie, 321; Illinois, 77. Cotton has declined Ito ; Middling Upland in quoted llic. to 12c. Breadetutfe slightly lower. Prorimione NEW ORLEANS, FIB. 5. Cotton unchanged. Sales in three days, 35,000 bales. LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY. The Royal Mail steamer Australasian, which sailed to-day for New York, took 11,0001. in specie. QUEENSTOWN, fluxn.tv. The Royal Mail steam ship Amur&lsamu arrived here at limn to-day, embarked mails, and pro oeeded for New York at 4 p.w. All well. 1 I W - 11 tlO 1111 ant Pia ton ch wo Crt wry wE ha wa La