The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-07 00:00:00

Eke elpreoo. ---------------- emancipation ;" and it implores the tax-txtyiog pab not to be in too great a hurry, exolaimuig, " us bear taxation ourselves , t hat we may not tax over much the honesty of our descendants.' Bat the Tunes does not so mach as hint at the possibility of further retrenchment. This, however, is what the financial reformers look to as the neceseary antecedent to further reduction of ustvantswes * l -nadv derived from the remission of taxes on imports financial reformers wish to see extended by the remission of taxes on exports. All our remaining excise duties are indeed taxes upon exports. Bat for the duty on paper, malt, and hops, 'we might largely extend our export trade. Filenan cial reformers want these and other taxes repead, partly to give more free play to industry, partly to lighten the undue pressure of taxation on the indas thous classes. Bat to enable ministers to remove these taxes, financial reformers do not look to the small and tardy increase of the rev enue apparent in the returns for the year and quarter, but to the curtailment of wasteful and profligate expenditure, to a sweeping retrenchment in our defensive, diplomatic, colonial, and other establishments. OrtGOING MAILS. The mails rid Maresillee, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Cents,Hoarloog, ite., will be made up this main, Jan. 7. The mails for British North America and the United Biatoe Mai up tri tie *Waist a Jan. il. The Weet Wit Mails. rzeladiag Bermuda, Havannab, Mamas, Mondani, New Orleans, and Mesico, and including these far Madeira, Bt. Juan-de -Nicaragua, New °made, Chili, sad Peru,will be made op on Jan. 17. The mails for Lisboa . Spain, and Gibraltar will be made op on Jan. 17. The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Graft., the 'mien Islands, Egypt, Cella', India, and China, via Southampton, will be made up on tMaderia he erenia thg dim. 19. The mils for , e Wails, and Buenos Ayres,will be made ap at the evening of Feb. 4. 10 tan 001421110111011111. Ad vert lmams Misled tar . 0 1%. brasdem ovisiot =al! Mat slat aSee.l•ll•Werlo44l4, I/ TWO ,.i the OK • 01011 WATZ AT Lastoox =IDOL T.,g D —Yersteg. 101 i. NA — N. la.. ..... Attenoce .lo b. Oa JAMMU. 0 li. MA Tammoialstalr—Nausift. LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 7. IT is only recently that the science of statistics has been applied to the investigation of the facts of die ease, and already it has borne important fruits. It has not, however, vnintid for opponents, and there are medical men, as well as politicians, who prefer trusting to their unaided judgment with regard to facts, than to accept the conclusions of figures. Thus ,we find them constantly hszarding opinions with reurd to the nrevalence or reertality of diner ^ w -, won -oout ever consulting tile unerring cafe%) stems of the Registrar-GeneraL This would, perhaps, be excite'. bit. if we found, after counting the facts, that their opinions were correct. But, like ell other cases in which the elements of the judgment are not founded on certain date, each opinions tarn out to be mere guesses and are as often wrong u right. In fact Louis, the great French ph, sician, who first extensively applied the system of counting to the in vestigation of disease, says that in the majority of cases where he attempted to arrive at a conclusion independent of his figures he was wrong. As another instance we may quote the cue of a medical man at Gla.gow, who treated a large number of fatal cases of cholera and came to the conclusian that the disease had been much more fatal in malts than in females, but when be counted his cues he found that the females largely preponderated. We make these remarks in order to express our sense of the importance of such tables as that drawn up by Dr. GUT, and which we published last week on the occupation of male persons who died of cholera during the late epidemic in London. We do not refer to this table as a perfect specimen of medical statistics. In the first place the number of cases accessible to Dr. GUY were too few to give per fectly correct data, and in the next place the means of judgitg of the number of persons employed in any particular occupation are very limited. Still, with all its deficiencies, Dr. Ouv's table is an interesting document, and a ffords grounds for forming a judg- ' tr.ent of the relative predisposition of certain classes of the community to cholera. An accumulation of such facts, and in greater variety, must constitute the basis of all sanitary activity, aid will terve more than any general argument to dispel prejudices on the one band, and give certainty to sanitary operations on the other. In examining each a document, the points of greatest interest to be ascertained would be the °CCU pawns involving the minimum and maximum rates of mortality. Taking those classes in which the mortality exceeds 1 in 50 as a fair indication of the maximum of mortality, we are presented through Dr. GUY'S table with the following results. NEXT in importance to the national socounts far !gibed by the Board of Trade, an those supplied by the Treasury. The former tell what we have been making within a given period; the other what the charges of our establishment have been. The enume ration of our imports and exports fitly precedes the tale of our unproductive expenses. The one is the gross aggregate of what we have and gain ttt other is, in fact, a summery of those dl7.ttions whicta reduce the gross sum a our earnings to the net amount that we may legitimately call our own. The revenue of the whole year 1849, when nom. pared with the revenue of the whole year 1848, shows a decline of 80,1311. But when we consider that in 1849 we forbore to exact any duty on corn, post poned the exaction of any duty on hops, and were content to take 400,0001. less of customs upon sugar than in the previous e ar, the actual difference in favour of the year of free trade is truly gratifying. Moreover, the amount of China money received in 1848 was 539,303/. ; in 1549 not a penny was received from this source. The ordinary revenue and the revenue accruing from barest' and repayments (4 e., the re venue from permanent sources) in 1849, exceeded the corresponding revenge of 1848 by 439,1744 The yearly receipts from stamps are about a million and a half : in the year 1849 the receipts from this source have exceeded those of 1848 by a quarter of a million. The receipts from the Post-office for 1849 exceed those of 184$ by 30,0004 These are unmistakeable evidences ' of increased business activity during the last year ; and the increase in the repayment of advances from 414,2311. in 1848, to 549,3971. in 1849, shows that this increasing activity has been accompanied by in creased means, not only of dispensing with assistance, but of repaying what had formerly been received. The revenue for the last quarter of 1849, when compared with that for the last quarter of 1848, strengthens this cheerful estimate of our national con dition, and shows that the augmentation of our resources under the auspices of free trade is ring on at a more rapid rate than the returns for the whole year would seem to indicate. The returns for the quarter show an increase in the revenue derived from customs and excise, as well as in that derived from stamps. The profitable reaults of the increased business activity of the 3ear bad begun to show themselves towards its close in a tangible augmentation of the taxed pro perty of the nation. Tae trade returns and the revenue returns of 1849 concur in showing that the national resources are steadily augmenting under the system of free-trade. The aggregate taxes are more productive, thoigh a considerable number have been reduced or abolished. The means of subsistence, the materials for employ ment, and the produce of industrial exertion, have all been augmented. A more hopeful spirit of exertion pervades the community. As yet there has not been full time allowed to make this bettered state of affairs sensibly known to the numerous classes who, under a system falsely called protective, which by arti ficial means limited the field of remunerative exertion, while it could not repress, or even retard the increase of population have been deprived of employment ; bat the change for the better which is following upon removed restrictions is obvious and undeniable, and under the still greater extension of free trade with which the year commences, will be more and more rapidly experienced. It is only by such broad and comprehensive views of our national condition that we can test the com parative merits of the systems of free trade and pro- tected trade. All change must be accompanied with inconvenience to individuals. Mortgaged landlords, farmers who have undertaken to cultivate farms with inadequate capital, or at excessive rents, speculators in sugar andehipping,who vainly flattered themselves that laws enacted to enrich them at the public expense would be perpetual, may feel the pressure while the transition from one system to another is in progress; and if they persist in jogging on in the old routine which served their purpose in the days of monopoly, doubtless they must go to the wall. But the advan tages of the widened field for remunerative exertion, and the increased repayment of industry, afforded by free trade, are patent to them as to all other classes. Let them bat exchange unprofitable methods and pursuits for profitable—let them rely upon their own intelligence and industry not upon unfair pre ferences—and they must share in the general pro sperity. This is the hopeful lesson taught by the trade and revenue returns. We regret however to observe that government and their advocates in the press, instead of assuming the high vantage ground which these returns put it in their power to occupy, and holding them out as their warrant to persevere in and extend the free-trade policy, are having recourse to all shabby sorts of mystification with a view to resist the demand for a wise economy in the national expenditure. One of these mystifications is palpable on the facie of the revenue returns which we publish to-day. An attempt is made in them to show a surplus of revenue over expenditure for the quarter ended the 6th instant. This is effected by deducting the charge on the consolidated fund, and the amount issued for supply services in England alone during the quarter from the quarter's revenue. No at tempt is made to estimate what will be required to meet the demands for supply torsion out of England. No indication is afforded as to bow the balance of supply and expenditure on the whole year stands. An unreal surplus is made to appear is order to serve the purposes of the moment, and arrest for a time the eager calls for economy and re trenchment which are being raised in all parts of the TRLDZSMEN. No. of deaths- flat o. Arents Bricklayers and buildets Conkeepers, dairymen, milkmen, &c Rating-house keepers 3 lin 36 Rim merchants Fishmongers ll lin 20 Fruiterers and green grown l2 lin 28 Job masters and stable keepers Oilmen Paper makers Pauli: en 3 lin 32 &flunkeys Turners ARTISANS AND LADOCILZ/US. Coalporter. Dustmen and scavenger B lin 39 Founders Yodellers Polishers Bailon Tanners Weavers should be observed with regard to these figures, in proportion to the small number of deathe in --, class is the ratio deduced likely to be incorrect. This may perhaps apply to the unlooked-for result in the above table, that the deaths amongst tradesmen (masters, &c.) is greater than that amongst artisans and labourers, the average proportion of the former being 1 in 31, whilst the latter is lin 32. There is one feature in this list that is worthy of notice, and it is the fact that the majority of the occupations most obnoxious to cholera are that: in which the persons engaged in them are exposed to the efflu via of decomposing vegetable and animal matter. Those who believe in tha beneficial influence of the smell of cow dung, and the healthiness of the emana tions from stable manure, must account fir the great mortality of cow-keepers and stable-ket pers. The great amount of death in the business of the fishmon ger is a very significant fact, altboagh we must con fess we were not prepared to find the dealer in eggs more exposed to the fatal influence of cholera than any other class in the community. But let us now turn to the occupations most exempt from cholera, and we have taken those in which the proportion of death is greater than 1 in 300 as examples of this class : Occupation. It that No. of Deatht. Ratio. Merchants ll lin 348 Msgistrees, Barristen, and Attorneys 13 lin 375 Brassfinishen Men-servants 26 lin 1572 Jewellen, &a Tallow-chandlen 2 lin 430 Ty pe-fosaden .... •• • . Lindemann' f lis 32.5 Ware Watehambin In this table the advantage is again on the side of the artisans and labourers. In Dr. Girl's list of tradesmen, as disti-gaished from the professions merchants, magistrates, &c., there is not one class that ban so low an average mortality as 1 in 300. This only confirms the general result thst has been obtained from other sources, that the con finement in our retail shops is much more lajerious to heith than many of the occu pations of the artisan and labourer. The four slum mat free from attacks of cholera are curiously Milbsont &Wm each other ; they are men-servants, jewellers, warehousemen, and tallow•chandlers. It mast be some compensation to the first, who give up ISO much of thee independence in their callinv, to know that they thereby purchase the greatest security from this fearful disease of any other class of their countrymen. That the employment of the tallow chandler should procure almost entire exemption from cholera is a point worthy inquiry, as at first sight this occupation would appear to be anything but favourable to health. We also turned to Dr. OuT's table, to look for soap-boilers, see ing _their trade mast expose them to the same exhalations as the tallow chandler. Bat, whether they are included in another class or have altogether escaped we are unable to say, for Dr. GLIT'd list is entirely silent with respect to them. There are, nn doubtedly, included under the head of labourers, which constitutes by far the largest class of occupa tions, many particular em,•loyments of which it' would be desirable to know something more. We must, however, be thankful for what we have got, and if 1)r. Gur's table suggests no new plans of action, it at least throws some light on the predis peeing causes of cholera, and opens out suggestions for further inquiry. country. A piece of more elaborate mystification appeared in the 2 ;furs of Saturday. A few specimens of this laborious compilation will suffice. The increase in the receipts from the income and property tax in 1849, according to the Times, " represents additional income to the amount of 2,200,0001. per minion." But the inconsiderable fluctuations in this tax from year to year only show the greater stringency with which prompt payment is exacted at one time than another. The 7'iniea asserts that " from the beginning of the financial year to the end of December, including a period of nearly nine months, the expenditure of the United Kingdom fell short of that in the corresponding period of the pre vious year by no lees a sum than 3,340,0001." To make out this, the Times is obliged to attribute to these months the whole of the reduction in the estimates for the whole year which ministers were compelled last sesaion to make so reluctantly. The Times, too, would have us take fo c i e r a rted that these estimates will not be ex by the actual expenditure of the year, although for year. past an additional bill has annually been brought in by ministers for unforeseen (at least unpro- Tided for) military and naval expenses. We can not give much credit to the vaunted economy of ministers, when, under the head of Charge for the quarter ended 6th inst., we find the charges for perma nent debt, terminable annuities, and even the civil list, all in excess of the same charges in the corre sponding quarter of 1848. la point of fact, the Times makes out molt a favourable state of the national finances, that a air giving comes across it, that it may have been playing the game of the financial reformers. The u sanguine and excitable natures of many for whom we are writing" fill it " with tremor;" it bel.ulds in visionary future "tea, tobacco, windows, malt, pscsipt stamps, newspapers, soap, and twenty other burdened commodities, be ~siegingg the CitAnet.Loa OF EL ELcusioas with llemaads kr their immediate RENT or Rousse. A eorreepeadeat of the Wo►cea:er Herald sass, " A Housekeeper " writes on this subject :—" Whilst sheer is so mach said about r-o. on lend cowing down, not a word i Aeard about the rent on b .us, s. I an sure that in this borough the rent and local rates on Sousa occupied by tradesoao is as unresessably high u the rent and iti.ity rates on shy farm, the t I,i. Aituro of the 1 irds must be gre.tly dimiuishid, nit wily in domestic outlay, but ia everything seaman for the repairs I of their property. I hope that en long I litussageas Reform Leeocuiti..n wt 4 spring up, it blimp, like the ' good lieu quitos; not borate it es wat.tot.' THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 7, 1850 FRANCE. PARIS, BASSISSAT, HAUNPUT 6, P.W. It is evident from the statement made by . the Minister of Foreign Affairs yesterday in the legisla tive assembly, that the cabinet does not want the members to vote the course it amid pursue, and desires full power to be given it to act as it pleases. v ses es. : IP U Them fhaf committee completely gave in to this. government plan, for the resolution it came to was simply to give the executive full powers to act. Every one recollects the result of such ambiguous resolutions as these in the expedition to Rome. M. de Rance, the author of the amendment which has led to the present proro gation of the debate,felt this, and to anticipate it endes, veered to *licit something decisive uto the intentions of government. Leaving aide the Lepredour treaty, which he saw was repudiated both by the committee and the government, he showed that there were divers means of solving the question. If an armed negotiator were sent out, Roses would instantly de nounce the armistice with Monte Video, and that city would fall. There would not even be ships enough to take home the French there. Then, if ships were sent out merely for the pupate of bring ing. home the Frenchmen at Monte Video, Roses, seeing a fleet unarmed, and incapable of a hostile de monstration, would at once refuse to negotiate. He (M. de Rance) therefore thought that all the neces sary reparation and justice must be obtained by arms. In this view of the case he concluded by declaring that he should withdraw his amendment and support the resolution of the committee. If, however, Mr. de Rance thortt ty the eourae that he had pursued to obtain categorical explanations from the govern , ment, he was mistaken, for after M. Laussat and M. Hubert de Lille had spoken severally pro and con, M. de la Hitt. came forward, and like the lawyer in Peebles' case, threw every thing back into its original darkness. He said that ho was glad to find I the committee abandoning M. de Rances amendment, I and thus refusing its sanction to a great expedition; the committee wee disposed to place full reliance in the government. It admitted even the continuation of negotiations, and thought, as did the government also, that the French at La Plata should be defended, and their interests secured. But much of the diffi culties which had arisen in the course of the debate were owing to the course that had been taken. The treaty of M. Lepredour had been dragged into the debate without reason, seeing that the cabinet did not intend to ratify it. Tee committee had examined it, though it was a document without an official cha racter. Hence the embarrassment which had pro longed the debate. Government bad made no pro posal because it felt how dangerous it was to treat the most eeevet questions of diplomacy before the public. The intentions of the government were to defend the I lives and recure the interests of the French at La Plata, but as to the means by which this was to be au, he was sure that the Assembly would trust to the government. The committee had pat several questions to the government. let. Would the cabinet send an armed negotiator ? An armed negotiator meant an ad miral or a general who immediately proceeds to act when he does not get the answer he wants. It is not the intention of the government to send a negotiator of that kind. With regard to negotiations, modifica tions of the obscure parts of Lepredour's treaty would be asked ; and further, the cabinet would seriously protect the French at Ls Plata, such protection being, in its opinion, however, completely independent et the possible solution of the Monte Videan question. Such was the only answer of the cabinet to the repeated requests of an explanation. M. du Petit Thouare and M. itandot did not allow the debate to conclude ; it was adjourned after the former had declared himself in favour of an armed expedition and the latter bad proposed to stop the Monte Videan subsidy. MM. piers and Berryer disappointed many by not speak inc. Neither of these gentlemen, however, seemed to have found a favourable . moment _ . Yesterday was the day on which were to be re appointed the presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly. M. Dupin and the old vice-presidents, with the exception of M. Bedeau, were all re-elected, but M. Dupin was only chosen by 288 votes, a much smaller numbs r than that which had previously called his to the chair. To day the chair was taken by M. Baroche, who read a letter from M. Dupin, in which ho declines any further to sit as president, slave the vote of yesterday has shown that he has lost fn the estimation of its members. There will be a fresh scrutiny to-morrow. The letter of M. Dupin caused considerable agitation. The Monte Video de bate was then resumed. It did not present much in terest until the Minister of the Interior rose to repel the insinuations of M. Emanuel Arago, of England having signed a commercial treaty to supersede French interests. The minister said that government would not send an admiral with the alternative of war or peace, but would nevertheless negotiate seriously. M. Thiers then rose and began by regretting that he was abut to speak in opposition. He strongly supported the necessity of an armed expedition. England and the United States had monopolised the transport of coal and cotton, those commodities that required a great commercial fleet. French ships were few in the ports of North America. But they were more numerous than those of any other country in South America. The future of the French navy lay there. After depicting Buenos Ayres as sterile and unhealthy, he represented Monte Video as a land of production and health, and denounced the cruelties of Oribe and Rosa.. Four thousand Englishmen had *conquered China. Let France do as much by raising Me navy estimates to five millions sterling. The Minister of Justice replied to M. Thiers. The debate was adjourned till Monday. It wee said to-day that the President intends to take the occasion of the vote on the La Plata question to change his ministry in cue of a check. M. Thiers would, it is said, be asked to form a ministry, and to take upon himself the responsibility of an expedition against Items. The Tiers Parti are to push forward M. Dufaure to succeed M. Dupin. The Assemblee Nationuk says " A meeting of financial men took place yesterday at the Ministry of Finance, at which M. d'Argout, M. Rothschild, &c., were present. According to report, a new loan of 260 millions of francs is contemplated." Yesterday the bill of the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, on the Cabmen de Retraite for work men in their old age, was distributed to members of the Assembly. It is accompanied by a complete table of the bases of the calculations of the retiring allowances. By the nomination of General Jerome Bonaparte, the number of marshals of France is now six, viz. : Marshal Soult, born in 1769, made Marshal in 1804. „ Girard, 1773, 1530. „ Sibestiard, 1775, SI 1840. „ BeLb, 1775, IP 1847. Dodo, 1776, 1847. I Bonaparte, 1784, 1850. M. „ Duchktel arrived in Paris on T hursday evening. The journal de Constantinople confirms as follows what has already been said relative to a concession of land made by the Sultan to M. de Lamartine : The Ottoman government has just made a concession of land to K. de Lamartine, who wishes to settle is the Turkish empire. This gratuitous concession of an extent of more than 3 500 bewares (more than 8,000 acres) is situated within a few leagues of Smyrna, and has on it all the buildings necessary; the land is in fall bearinc. The agreem•nt was signed on the 3rd ult. by the Grand Vizier on the one part, and by M. Rolland, ex-representative in the Constituent Assembly, on the other. The Unirers has the following from Berne, dated the Ist: The &sten of Charity, established at Porrentruy. received on the 30th ult. legal notice, in the name of the Prefect of that place, to quit the canton of Beene within 24 hours. Oa the following day, these females, accompanied by the Mayor, presented themselves to the Prefect with the passports which had been given to them a fortni.ht previously by the Minis ter of France in Switzerland, and demanded that in virtue of these 'outputs they might be permitted to reside in the canton of Berne. The Prefect aeknowledgid that the pass ' ports win valid to travel in Switzerland, but not to reside there, and maintained his decree of expulsion by force. A notari- I remonstrance against this act of violence wu drawn up, and immediately forwarded to the French Minister at Berne. The Sisters have left their tatOdiattanent, and to morrow they are to be conveyed beyond the frontier by sesdannes. The Federal Council of Switzerland has notified that, from the let of Februaiy, pecuniary allowances will only be made to such political refugees as may absolutely need them. 130ND/Y, 6.30 P.Y. M. limber's reply to M. Thicrs yesterday was very weak, at.d it may be esteemed lucky fur thu mit.istry that it obtained 48 hours' respite before the vote. Should the cabinet ultimately triumph, it will be by a very small majority. It cannot, I think, survive, I whatever be the Wuhan of the question. The Moniterr contains the appointment of M. Paul de Bonrgoing to the embassy of Madrid. I told you yesterday that it was supposed M. Thies* would be asked to form a cabinet, in case his opinion prevailed in the affair of Monte Video. The journals of this morning speak of a probable minis terial change in the event of a hostile vote, but state that the changes would only be partial. M. Leoa Faucher would take M , F. Barrot'ii place; M. De it Hitte would take the portfolio of war, instead of M. d'Hantpoal, who woad go to Algiers. M. Drouin de Lbnys would become minister of foreign affairs. All these changes are mere rumours. No proposal has as yet been made to M. Thiers. The resignation of M. Dupin is looked upon as the great symptom of the irrevocable dissolution of the party of order. I have shown you how it had be come gradually decomposed. The complete dissolu tion is evident from M. Dopin's resignation. The conservative organs affect to consider his nomination ascertain to-morrow. It may be so, but it is certain that the greater number of the legitimists will vote against him. No definitive choice has been made as to the sac moor of M. Dupin, but the , greatest efforts will be made to ensure M. Dufanre s election. That former minister's vote, and those of his friends on the law of M. de Parien, have favourably disposed the legitimists towards him. GERMANY. MLNISTERIAL CRISIS IN PRUSSIA. The letters of our Berlin correspondent inform us of the existence of a general ministerial crisis ; the :acts, as far as they are at present known, will be found below : BERLIN, hit. 2. I hardly anticipated when I informed you, yester day, of rumours being afloat respecting a change in the ministry, that I should have so soon to report a confirmation of them. I have just learned, from a very excellent source, that the whole ministry is on the point of resigning because it is compelled. The King seriously refuses to take the oath to the cocatituuon. The ministry adhere to their opinion, that he is bound to do so, and have in consequence had a serious quarrel with the King, in which they were treated in such a manner that the president of the ministry, notwithstanding the usual custom, did not go to court yesterday. Who is to replace the present cabinet is not yet definitively known. The ministry themselves apprehend a Gerlach ministry. The Duchess of Anhalt-Dessau died a few days ago. JAN. 3. The ministerial crisis continues to exist; nothing is yet deciied. The fact of its existence has become so public to-day that it is hardly necessary for me to add any other confirmation. The whole ministry have ' sent in their final resignation. This important step was taken either yesterday or to-day. In the letter forwarding their resignation the ministry declare that, as his Majesty is unable to decide whe ther he will take the oath to the constitution, they are usable to carry on the business of the government any longer. His Majesty has not yet made up his mind, but I am told that his decision is to be made known to-morrow. What that decision will be it is impos sible to say beforehand. It is said that the King re lies principally upon the two following points in his determination not to take the cath to the constitution. The first is the non-com pletion of the parochial regulations which he considers one of the most important integral por tions of the constitution, and the second the apprehen sion that the alterations which will probably have to be made in the Pruesian constitution in consequence of the German constitution to be adopted by the Erfurth parliament may be at variance with the oath required of him at the present moment. The official Gazette contains a notification from the ministry of the interior, which fixes the election of the electors for the Erfurth Parliament for the 21th January, and the Constitutional Correepondeut announces that the preparations for the elections of the deputies are so far completed that they will cer tainly not be delayed beyond the prescribed period. Our correspondent's letter of the 4th inst., received this morning, inform us that the differences la.tween the king and the mini,try have been settled ; how, he does not say; but the ministry arc to remain in office. Oar Vienna correspondent writes as follows : VIENNA, JAN. 1. - . . . No amnesty has appeared : but instead a proclama tion of the Emperor to the army announcing that the restoration of order allows the military force to be put on a peace-footing, and that a diminution will take place in the numbers as well as the pay of the soldiers. The Emperor has forwarded his portrait, together with an autograph letter, to Louis Napoleon. On Saturday night (29th) a telegraphic dtspstell was received from l'rague, of such importance that the Emperor was awakened and a cabinet council sum moned before daybreak. An answer was telegraphed back with all possible despatch. Thts sudden consul tation is supposed to be connected with the Austrian occupation of Saxony. The Wanderer announces that the children of Kos suth, two boys and a girl, will, as soon as they have attained the age requisite, be brought up in the The resianum. Until then their education is committed to a M. Csernecky, assessor of the Appeal Court of Ex change. The girl is three, and the boys are respec tively 8 and 10 years old. VIE HAGUE, JAN. .s.—The Staats Courant an nounces that, according to official information, the port of Cardenas, and others of less importance, of the island of Cub), were thrown open to foreign commerce on the let of January, 1850. The same journal publishes the official regulations for merchant men arriving in the Bay of Naples, and the duties in cumbent upon them during their stay there. The King has conferred several decorations and promo tions in honour of the new year. BRUSSELS, JAN. s.—The Moniteur publishes a royal decree, by which the contingent for the army far 1850, is fixed at a maximum of 70,000 men. The contingent of the levy is_ fixed at a maximum of 10,000 men, who are place d at the disposal of govern ment. The funeral of Field Marshal Count de Woyna, his Austrian Majesty's envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary, will take place this day. The arrangements are such as are due to the high rank of the deceased, who will be buried with military honours. DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.—The Servians of Belgrade have not only refused to pay the annual tribute to the Sultan, but again summoned the Parba to evacuate the fortress, allowing him three days' grace to decide. At the expiration of that time the inhabitants attempted to storm the fortress; but the Pasha, who was prepared for this, answered by so brisk a cannonade, that pert of the city is laid in ashes. ArcINDIAIIAN ONFIlti aTSLACIEWALL.—Ott Satur day morning, shortly before nine o'clock, a fi re of a very alarming &motet broke oat on board of the Ganges, a fine lndiaman, upwards of 1.000 tons burden, lying is toe dry dock adjecest to the ship-building establishment of Messrs. Wigrem and Green, at Blackwell. The vessel bad but re cently returned from Bombay, and had been docked for the purpose of repairing her copper sheathing and other repairs. Her cabins being swarmed with insects and beetles, the usual process was determined on to rid the ship of them, and on Friday night sulphur and damp straw were ignited on the lower decks, the cabin-doer end skylights being securely battened down to prevent the smoke escaping, in which state they remained till nine yesterday morning. A greater heat being than found on the deers than usual, they were opened, when the entire suite of cabins, with the poop, weredwoovered in flames. An alarm was raised, and in a few minutes numerous gangs of labourers and ship-caulkers from the neitttibouring dockyards came to amid. The engines of the district were brought to the spot very quickly, and a ready supply of water being obtained, the most active measures were taken to prevent the conflagration spreading to other parts of the ship. Short as had been the interval. the fire had gained tremendously, bursting forth on all sides of the pop, tiring the mince mast, and prepenting an appearance which seemed to seal the destruction of the ves sel. With all promptitude the Blackwell Hallway police forwarded early intelligence of the outbreak to the fire brigade in the city, who log no time in starting to the scene with several powerful engines ; the West of England follow. ing in the wake. Their co-operation with the engines then in play eventually had the effect of arresting the progress of the Ranee to the fore part of the ship, which escaped damage; but In respect to the havoc in the after part, it was very extensive. The whole of the cabins and lower deck were destroyed, the poop being gutted. There appeared little doubt as to its origin—neglect on the part of the workmen, by leaving tho fires for smoking the cable in efficiently protested. The amount of damage was said to weed 1,0001. Vbe Court. WINDSOR, JAN. 6. The Queen and Prince Albert walked this morning in the Slopes. The Royal Family took walking end pony exercise in the grounds around the Castle. His Royal Highness went out hunting_ this morning, accompanied hy the Duke de Nemours, and attended by Lon; "awn: I r unoy ace i;oloael F. ii Seymour. The Bishop of Manchester arrived at the Castle this nada& The Royal dinner party this evening includes her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, their Royal Highness'. the Duke and Duchess de Bemoan, Lady Fanny Howard, Baroness de Spetb, the Bishop of Manchester, Colonel Hon. C. B. and Mrs. Phipps. JAN. 6. The Queen and Prins Albert walked this morning in the Slopu. The Royal Family took their lung airings. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, her Royal Highness the Priam& Royal, the ladies aad gentlemen of the court and the domestic household attended divine service this morning in the private chapel. The Bishop of Manchester preached the sermon, the prayers being read by the Hon. and Rev. G. Wellts6y. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent also attended the service. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited her Royal Matinees the Duchess of Gloucester at Gloucester-home on Saturday. His Serene Highness Prince Frederick of Hesse honoured the estaalishment of Mr. C. F. Hancock with • visit on Saturday. The Lord Chancellor will sit at Lincoln's Inn on Friday next, the first day of Hilary Term. The judges and Queen's counsel will not assemble at his :ordahips residence :Afore going to court on that day. Ills EXCELLENCY COCNE SCIIIMMELEENNINCK, plenipotentiary to his Majesty the King of Rolland, em barked on Saturday morning at the St. Katharine-wharf, on bound the General Steam Navigation Company's steam ship Columbine, for Rotterdam. COLONIAL APPOINTMENTS.—Thomas Horne, Req., Attorne•General at Van Diemen's Land, is promoted to be I'uianeJude cf the Supreme Court in that colony, vacant by the removal of Mr. Montague ; Valentine Fleming, Esq., Solicitor-General, succeeds Mr. Rothe as Attorney• General; A. C. Stonor, Esq., is appointed Solicitor-General in the room of Mr. Fleming; Francie Smith, Req., is appointed Crown Solicitor for Van Diemen's Land; Sidney Stephen, Esq., is appointed Judge of the Supreme Court at Ottago, New Zealand ; R. T. Jarvis, Esq., is appointed Superinten dent of Convicts at Bermuda; Algernon Montague, Esq., is appointed Stipendiary Magistrate at the Falkland Is.ands ; S. Fraser, Esq., is appointed a Stipendiary Magistrate in British Guiana.— Observer. COLONIAL CHANGES. • From g source on which the most perfect reliance may be placed, we are enabled to state that Sir H. Smith, the hero of Aliwal, defied and defeated at the Cape of timid Hope, will very speedily arrive is Eng land. The gallant governor is in very bad health, arising, it is said, from mental causes, and his return is at his own desire, and not at the wish of the Colonial-e,ffice. We have reason to believe that no successor has yet be, n named ; and probably the backwardness in doing so arises from the necessity that is felt of altering measures as well as men. Two more changes in the colonies are also whispered ; but the greatest change, and that very speedily, will take place at home.—Sunday Times. APPROACHING MARRIAGES LN HIGH LIFE. Wears enabled to announce the following approach ing matrimonial alliances in " high life." We understand that a maniage is shortly to take place be tween Lord O.eulaton, M.P., son of the Earl of Tankerville, and Lady Olivia Montague, only daughter of the Doke o: Manchester. The fairfahae is in her 20th year. A marriage is arranged to be solemnised shortly between the Hon. and Rev. Walter Peneonhy, third surviving eon of the late, and brother of the present, Earl of Bessborough, and the Lady Louisa Eliot, only daughter of the Earl and Countess of St. Germans. The preliminaries are definitively settled for the marriage ol the Hon. Oeo. T. 0. Bridgman, second son of the Earl of Bradford, and Miss Bagot, daughter of the Bishop or Bath and Wells and Lady Harriet Begot. Major H. E. Fane (4th Dragoon Guards), eldest son of the Rev. E. Face, Prebendary of Lincoln and Salisbury, and cousin of the Earl of Westmoreland, will shortly lead to the hymeneal altar Miss Williams, daughter of Sir Jas. Haenlyn and Lady Mary Williams, and niece of the Earl Fortescue, Lord Steward of t cr Majesty's II ousehold. The nup•ials of the Hon. Sareh Copley, eldest daughter of Lord Lyndhurst, and Mr. Selwyn, son of Mr. George Selwyn, of Down Hall, Essex, are to be celebrated in a few dive, when Lard Lyndhurst will give a grand d.jraster to a select circle, at his lordship's residence, in Gcorge street, Hanover. square. The precise day is not yet appointed for the marriage of Mr. J. Tollenrche, M.l'., and Miss Duff, daughter of the late Mr. James Duff and the late Lady Renolesham, and consequently step-daughter of Lord Rendlesham, M.P. The marriage of Mdlle. Mary Suellen, daughter of his Excellency the Prussian Minister and Madame Bunsen, and Mr. Jahn Harfotd Battersby, &dem sots of Mr. A Harfned Battereby, of Stoke Park, near Bristol, is to be celebrated in town, but the day for the wedding is not yet determined on. THE GORHAM APPEAL.—The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council will give judgment on the appal of Mr. Gorham against Bishop Ptapotts, on Tuesday week. It is reported. says tne Weems Times, that 1 ord Lang dale, Lord Campbell, Judge Parke, and Dr. Lushington are for Mr, Gorham; and that Sir Knight Bruce and the Right Hon. Pemberton Leigh are for the bishop. The three spiritual lords unite for Mr. anthem. M. COBDEN AT SHEFFIELD.—Mr. Cobden pur poses visiting Sheffield on the 22nd inst., when he will submit to his financial and parliamentary reform friends an outline of the measures which, in conjunction with Mr. Bright, he has made up his mind to submit for adoption by the lcgisla lure during the approaching session of parliament. A PROTECTIONIST's CONSISTENCY.— MR. DIN RAMA HAS RAMS) HIS RENTS. —B. Disraeli, E•q , M.P., is at this moment receiving an advance of about tis per acre upon his farm land. Two of his tenants have let th - ir farms. He will not, however, abate one single far thing of this 6s. per acre advance. Sir Robert Peel may, if he chooses, come down 20 per cen.., and the agricultural interest may be in such n fix that land is becoming useless lumber, but it is nevertheless a bread fact that the mighty alarmist himself recently purchased land from the executors of the late John Norris, Esq., of Hughendea House, upon which he is now receiving the advance we have stated. The rental of the farm occupied by Mr. Abnhain Gillett was raised no less than 501., and Mr. Redrup, the present occupier, is r.quired to pay down the increased amount. II this is false, Mr. Disraeli will be pleased, p: rhaps, to come to the County Hall on Wednesday night, and c mtradict it, face to face, with Mr. Cobden. It it is true, as we declare it to be, then farmers may judge of the sincerity, patriotism, amid eloquence of the Bradenham hero.—Buckg Adrertsser and Aylesbury News. THE ORIENTAL COMPANY'S STEAMER SULTAN, Captain Brooke, arrived at Southampton yesterday, from Cmistantinople, Malta, and Gibraltar. She left Malta on the 26th ult.; and, owing to her leaving that island before the arrival of the Alexandrian packet there, she br,mght a heavy snail from Malta. Amongst the ear= of the Sultan , is specie to the amount of about 40,0001. The Sultan left Gib raltar on the Ist inst. Her Majjeaty'a steam sloop Janus was in Gibraltar Bay. The British steamer Hellespont ar , rived at Gibraltar on the 30th from Liverpool, having made her passage in five days and a half. TYPOGRAPHICAL WIDOW, ORPHAN, OR NOMINEE FUND.—The fiat meeting for the enrolment of members in this newly•formed Benevolent Institution took place on Saturday evening last, when ab nit 400 compositors, by their names and subscriptions sanctioned its principles. We s =deists= the committee anticipate a large accession of I members on the following meeting nights, which for the , present, will take place every Saturday. The great import , mice of self-reliance is rapidly gaining ground amongst the working elaistes of this country, and it should therefore not f be surprising that the compositors of Laadon, the men whin s energies are taxed for the information of the reading public, should be of the first to establish a society for life insurance. STABBING BY A BOY.-00 Saturday afternoon two lads, named Smith and White, in the euip;oyment of Mr. Robins o, cigar manufacturer, Cross-lane, St Dunstan's. hill, quarrelled. and grappled with each other. After a short struggle White said, "If you don't let me go I will stab you, and immediately fulfilled his threat, by stAbing Smith in the &Monica with a knife, which he took up from a bench. The wounded lad was taken to St. Thomas', Hos pital, where he now lies, and Whitn is in custody. 11111SDES OF THE COMMANDER OF TILE F.GTPTI.4,N Srearaa SIIAIRIE.—We are informed that Haus Bey, the Commodore of the Bhatkie, has been sent to the White Nile—i. e., to banishment ; which was speedily followed by his murder, as customary in such eases. The alleged ground of this, and of Bey's degradation, is the long time that the Sharkie was detained in England to have her engines fitted, the expense consequent thereon, &c. The punishment is most unjust, for neither the Egyptians nor the engineers who fitted the engines were able to dispatch the work in the time required, owing to the great pressure of engineering work in England at the time the ship was here. The whole seams to have been instigated by intrigue. Hanle Telegraph. LOLA MO,ITES AND unit HUSBAND.—ESTRACT OP A Lentos VOWS CADIZ, plc. 27.—L01a Montes and Mr. Heald have bcon hero for the last tea days. Th. y came from &Melons. She is much attend and aged, nut so good looking as when here in 1842. Her temper is nut at all im proved, end her delight seems to be to keep Heald in the greatest terror and dread of her. Heald made his escape with his Hagliali servant from the hotel laments (where hey wen staying on Christmas morning), and is supposed to have gone to Gibraltar. Lola was furious. She wilt in a French steamer that evening with her two friends, foreigners, who are in her p irty, to Algeciras, and sent laments and another man by land; so that if Heald does not succeed in getting on board the Paths, she hopes to cateh him It is rep TOW on good ity tn-day that Heald hen ensb.rktd this morning •n hoard the Paths, at d he will now be einshird to reach England in safety, and no doubt feel grateful to his aunt for all she hag done for him. The Waterer states that Mr. Heald has arrived in London, and put up at an hotel is Cork-atreet,Budington-gagan. THE FINANCIAL REFORMERS AZ THE ARMY. . Up, Otuu•dp, aLd at them." St. James's-street is in a state of intense exelte. ment : the gentility of the army is i n d anger. The aboliti n of commissions purchase, the adoptio n of ei system of examination of candidates for commi•nioas, and though last not least the curtailment of the ieges of the Guards, threatens we army µliii kin in road of low-born and consequently vulgar officer, The alarm trumpet has been blown vigorously and sonorously by that intensely genteel organ of th e military a mills the British A rmy ii•epqed, and West End Courier. In his exasperatio n the champion spares neither enemy nor snap d friend. His giant indignation can only tied vent in broken and distorted imagery. He labours like a Pyt./.o sen and like " pale mouthed prophet drea m i ng ." . THE ICE IN THE PARKS.-ACCIDENTS AND LOSS OF LIFE. The general thaw which set in on Thuridsy pre vailed during Friday, but on Saturday morning the r ear , carry in the thermometer fell considerably, and d une g th e night was as low as 28, four degrees helow freezing This sudden change in the weather caused the is i n th e various ornamental waters in the royal parks, which Cain' the [receding days had partied, broken up, to become awn" united. The ice, however, was far from being sat:, tea; porion under the immediate surface being wiceedina:y rotten, and boards announcing that fact were stuck up a 1.,. the several banks in the parks, which it was tap 'I w•oul have deterred any one from venturing upon the sm.. However, several thousand persons amused themseiv.a eer• leg yesterday upon the frozen waters in spite of the e eci t, The members of the skating club mustered in stror a num. ben during the dey upon the log water in Kensinetch. gardens. Amongst the parties who appeared to astonish c. epectators uy his graceful evolutions, was a soil of Cap..., Stevens, who cut figures on the ice of Turks' caps, ince, boats, &c. On the Serpentine a respectably attired young man, . • was skating on the south side, near the aqueduct, broke , and became immersed in 12 feet of water. Superint. nl. Murphy, and iceman Deze, immediately proceeded t, • assistance. He was nut got out until he had been tr • . four minutes under water, avid was quite dead. Tie • .; was conveyed to theßoyalilumene Soci e ty's receivine'n• where prompt remedies were applied by the surie,re without effect. The body wee then removed by the • chial authorities to await the inquest, and also to he From letters found in his po. ket, and the marks e ; , apparel, hie name is supposed to be Thomas Du ytoo In the Regent's-park the ice was also in a eanger,o. • • dition, but, notwithstanding its surface during the e.se 'Refined by nearly 20,000 skaters and slides ; hatini ) • one slight accident from immersion accurred. In Si James's-park, where the ice was equally on .„• number of esters and sliders was :computed at 1,.s •.. course of the clay. There were about six accident, o •• bresk:ng of the ice, none of a fatal character; hart a , . • vet three o'clock in the afternoon three youths lor - • • 16 feet water, and were with considerable difficul•v , and conveyed to the Royal Humane Society's where eventually they recovered so as to be able to ;.: home. Shortly after four o'clock, although every en • had been made to clear the ice, event again got o• • • suddenly the ice at the sat end, near the Ouar•.e, gave way in several parts. Seven • broke into a depth of nearly nine feet of water • . cases were of a very serious nature, and were a. ! Charles Stratford, of 2, Old Burlington-strtet, ear. being under water nearly four minutes, was no • . iceman Martin, and conveyed to the marquee w:.f • apparent signs of lila; after receiving stimulants, - • and the exertion of Mr. Surgeon bl.Cann's assistaa . • - covered; but it was not until nearly 7 o'clock in that he was well eno.:gh to be removed home. is Carter, of 3, Cocks-court, Belvidere. road; Thome. (1 tireat St. Andrew's-street; T. Brown, of 71, M ..• • .• street, Cavendish-square; and Cowles Robins., • Dudley-street (the latter in attempting to save ode. r. • much exhausted and benumbed from the length •, were beneath the water; and Mr. Deputy P :•• whom thes were chiefly rescued, was in the ws. , r in such efforts for nearly eight minutes. The wh,.. received the same attention as tie muskeg, with equal succe.s. At Dane o'clock last evening , he mercury was ral ing, counteracting the slight relaxation of trost• ; • about midday (when the sun was shining with e. • limey): Cons. quently the roads near Hyde Park vicinity, and in :he suburbs of London central:3.. • come as slippery as glass, which occasioned *es. , accidents by the falling of horses. In the tVaterloo. road was in so dangerous a state that it a . necessary to cover it with fresh gravel to enable st• vehicles to proceed to and from the South Western 1. CORONERS' INQUESTS. ARE DRUNKARDS MADMEN ?—On Saturday ing an investigation took place bi tore Mr. Wak.e. the Thatched House, in the Lower-road, Islington. • relative to the death of Edward Wilkinson, age the following facts were elicited : According to the evidence of the deceased's u. been a drunkard fur more than twenty years, and ported himself by hawking fish, relying on her principally for a home arid other comforts. In A,. he first complained to her of ins iv, and, notwi . ..• every care on her part , he died on Wednesday las to his demise he behaved in a very strange and w.. : and she was desirous of baring him under c 'ate workhouse, but Mr. Pearce, the surgeon of the psr.• no: certify that he waa insane. Mr. "ilkley seeing that gentleman in the c him why he did not give • certain to of the uc. u:. the man's mind ?—Mr. Pearce replied that he cm a deficiency of intellect, although he uw him s.in during his illness. Mr. Wakky.—His wife has sworn that ke was 1.. and I hold that ‘ll such characters are mad, and • placed in confinement. No one poaseased of a rat; will get intoxicated. P,Arce.—lt I were called on to certify in there would be a clearaueeof ball the neje hbourt Mr. Maktey.—The evil is rest and •., lamenttd. How. ver, I have no hesitation in u! such unfortunate individual' ought to be coctin.d is I ut. ics. Mr. Pearce.-1 don't know what sort of a bu... would construct, or when you would find spare e erect one. Mr. Waleley—Punish them thee (or a few Say. on 'Felt and rater. Mr. Pearce—You mutt bear iu mind, sir. th to certify unjustly in a case of in<inity I shoidd m liable to a penal/ of 1001., which I am sure we forced were I to do u you wish. . Mr. Wakl. y-1 contk . nd that yr u would be it:s. Mr. Pearce, in answer to a further question by said he had prescribed ined!eime and food to • until orde re r d by the relieving — l:WT.B;W . ; a,• Utter. -- Mr. Wakley kutonished)—Why, you ao not that you, the medical (Mate, us dictatid to. a• 1 . • to nice, and what to giwe, to the unfortunate pA your care =—Mr. Pearce said he certain.] was : mentioned, Mr. Watley remarked that such OVUM monstrous, adding, that in the Mouse of Cu, -.. other riaces for felons, the surgeons had pre•crilve to its sick inmate/ whatever his pati,nt r. Atter some other remark.. the jury agreed wi"- ' ner, that the power of parish surgeons should he at. in ordering tor the itilicted poor, and in returnt , e Natural death," said that Mr. Pearce had ren.rr , assistance that his orders from the ,114r,listi toe. allow him. Tin FATAL Acctnaar turf Taff EAST LAN Sc IiAILWAI.—On Friday an inquest was bed on tae those who suffered by this accident at the Railway short distance from the Maghull station. Aker the •• viewed the bodies, they proceeded, accJmpani , ^ coroner, to that part of the line where the accident •-• and, by the ea of a well-ezecuted plan. provided way authorities, were enabled thoroughly to widen' pmitions of the diftkrent lines, points, sidinp. carriages, Se., when the melancholy occurrence re., Mr. Rocking. general manager of the railway. on behalt of the company ; and Mr. Nertill. 4 • ' this town, who was a passenger is the train a! • of the accident, ales attend.d to watch the •ro and give evidence. The first witnesses etsmn• , Thomas Spencer, husband of 3 onion Spencer. an,: of the other deceased, Jahn Spencer: 'S another brother; and a nephew of the same purport of their evidence was. that they. with the 2. le . t Liverpool on New Year's-oa. to visit Wine near Onnskilk. on their r. turn, in the evenine. ti ' all seated in out compartment of the cortiage. en • ceeded as far as Maghull, a pleasant occurrence described above took pt ice. Frern the - etate they were in from the effects of fright an' • the loss of their relatives, they were un.ble to clue to the cause of the accident, of time, distance, fog signals, &c. Richard l• barrow, who was with his wife in sloth partment of the carriage, and by jumping trots ill k the tatter oleo was killed, -...ed, gave similar evidence. `• side, the station master at libighull, was calamine!. o j transaction of moving the train from the siding. &: u respect to the luggage train, he said he WY cat s a-a- ' bring due ; but upon hearing the whistle, he •-:7•••• precaution available upon the ran, rgency--the usu. signala red light) was shown up and down the I.' • himself went forward with a red signal lanthore thing appeared to have the slightest effect upon t ! for ho passed the station at a furious rate, earn •r -him the empty carrigge about being en" the Liverpool train, and not stopping "'• four hundred yards beyond the station. r , .'" l drnes of Samuel Robinson, the guard of the i train, it appeared that he was at the Maghull pr per time, but that the lu g ge train was an !I- hilt before it. time, and that it was travelling s. t ' forty miles an hour, when, by the regulation' e' pray, right miles an hour is tke opted at should be p •ftsel by thews trains. At the slat '; • wituo.'s en .iitinatioh, the coroner adioutnA and direr rot the police r at'endance I custody this driver of the luggage train, Mo.'. been present during the pi °carding', but who !..• terror ate It! mantissas, and seemed to treat the lightly.