The Express. — London, England, 1865-06-30 00:00:00

TFIEURAPHIC ISI'SLIAGF2ICE. bixtrma's rszaosams.) FRANCS PARIS, lons 29. The Paris of this evening states that the nego tiations between Rome and Mexico ars still go osedfigg. The same paper annonnixe that M. lloin returned to Paris on Tuesday last. In the Corps lagislistif today the bill relative to the construction, on she Champs de Mars, of the building for the International Exhibition was passed bi 212 to 27 votes. AUSTRIA. VISNNI., Jam II The ministerial crisis still continues. PESTR. Jun 29. It is stated here among the magnates that Count Moths Almasy will fill the office of Minister of nuance in the Austrian c abinet; at any rate negotiations for the soospianos of a postfoSo have been commenced with the count. SPAIN AND ITALY. KaDRID, Raw 29. Several journals assert that Senor °lame will go to Italy as envoy extraordinary to King Viotor BranianueL COMMERCIAL TREATY BETWEEN BEL GIUM AND TBB BOLLVIREIN. BERLIN, Jun 29. The ratifications of the oommercial treaty be tween Belgium and the Zollverein, (*minded on the 22nd of May last, were exchanged to-day at the ministry for foreign affairs. SLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. 1110.11 N, Jars le. The official Slastrenttriger of today says :--"The rumour of the recall of Prinoe Hohenlohe in come quence of the protest forwarded by the Bleswig- Holstein government is unfounded. The prince will complete the inquiry for which he has been deispatolied. Herr von Zedlita, in answer to the protest of the government of Sleswig-Holstein, re plied that he could discover no cause for such a recall, there not being the remotest reason to sup pods that the prince had exceeded the limits of his instructions." 111X2EZEI8 MOM PARIS. Mimi on ow PARIS, TuoIsDAT Bvianao. The defeat of M. Meynadier in the electoral circum• seription where the Duke de Morny was wont to be almost unanimously elected, has produced, says M. Pripet, in the Avenir National, much emotion. The Prance, while lamenting the event and record ing that the official candidates, after having failed en masse is Paris, have been beaten at Dijon, Cha lons, Rochefort, ka, asks "What does all this mean r The simple question is not difficult to answer. It means that the opinions represented by official candidates are net those of the electors. The Prance pretends that if the Opposition increases in numbers it gains nothing in moral force. This is an egregious mistake. The moral force of the Opposi tion is progressing in a far larger proportion than its personnel. In preceding sessions the govern ment reckoned almost as many triumphs as sittings. No► its victories are painfully pined and are not unmixed with defeats. In the recent debate on the budget the Chamber threw out the scheme for building a new Post-office, and voted against the tax on horses and carriages. Large minorities have recorded their votes against the government on other subjects. The sale of the state forests is so much disliked that it will probably not be assented to. Only yesterday M. Rouher failed to satisfy the Chamber that the government plan for building a palace in the Champs de Mars for the Universal Exhibition of 1867 was a wise one ; the debate was adjourned till this day, and at the moment I write the result is considered doubtful. Such an attitude on the part of the Corps Legialatif would have been thought astounding fair years ago ; now it excites no sur prise. Ton will have noticed in the Moniker a circular of the Marquis de Lavalette's to the prefects, in structing them that at the coming municipal elec tions they are to leave the constituencies abso lutely free to exercise their spontaneous choice, and that authority is not to interfere' either to recom mend or to oppose any candidate. This lan guage sounds well ; it is doubtless meant to he understood as the announcement of a great liberal reform, and to a oretain extent I scarcely doubt that it does mean a reform in fact. But there is a very suspicious exception in the circular. The proposition is laid down that municipal elec tion/ are essentially non-political, and then it is said that if " imprudent men " should endeavour "contrary to the public sentiment," to alter the character of the election with a view to " personal ambition or agitation," then and in that case the prefect. are not to tolisate them. All this is very complicated, and must be unintelligible to those not familiar with /dais Napokonienaes. How it can be necessary to drill universal suffrage in case it should be in danger of going against the "public sentiment," Is a moat dificultproposition. Tl►e circular, while preaching liberty, leaves the pretests a discretion to interfere whenever they find disagreeable candidates in the field. The Groat de France mentions an amusing in stance of the discrimination and sagacity with which the officials of the bureau of the press exercise the prerogative of seising foreign journals. The Evening Monifeur lately described and commended a caricature of Pasch—l cannot say which. Well, Os number of Punch containing this very caricature has been confiscated in the French Post-office on aecount of it. H. Donny the great publisher, has been sell teuoed by the Correctional Tribunal to pay a fine of SW& for having published an unstamped edi ti on of Prince Napoleon's speech. The fourth number of a workmen's journal, called La Tribune Oneriire, has been seised. Tim Proeureur-Imperial has suddenly become alive to the libellous character of a book called the ei lielmertistes," which has been on isle unmo lested for the last year ; the work as now seised, and will be proseented. in Opposition candidate for the Council-General in the Landes, lit Lease, was sleeted last Sunday lov a majority of 1,041 against 819 ; but unfortu nately the successful candidate, who had gone to Vichy for hie health, had died there before the close of the poll. '. , 0 The regular cabmen deny the acammoy of the statement that they begged pardon of X. Ducoux. On the contrary, they say that he, finding that the previsional jarveys were not up to their work, made overtures to them, and promised a rise of wages. The story, however, wantsprecielon, for some as 7 the augmentation is imn° and others 60 centimes. There will be litigation about the caution money of the recalcitrant men which has been paid into the Cabs) of Depots and Consignations. The contpawy contend that the cabmen by relining to whorls their duties bad finilsosil their Tba Boump ow numb belisr, l = rem 30n. • ITALY AND ROM.) (nor . The rage for meetings has sEwn awn _ succension of them throughout the different cities et Italy oa the 'tibiae at the Roam ques tion. The Florence wain, 1 which took plane on 'Satanisy, 24th inst., ass the Goldoni brought the whole to a climax. The ho rused by areal of the orators on the occasion clearly subversive of all present rule. The al enweratioal party met in strong numbers : ins was president ; Albert Mario and Protease 0 erardi filled the chair as vice-presidents. The ntanelli Society, of Pisa (where another iresetiog_had not long since been held), was pre- Ap p l i t ima T i li s e society of Free-thinkers, from Sienna se • • vote of adherence. The cities of Omens, mink tenses PO BlZlllitsi W m r a =" 4d a/teen as e students of lova. Count • cited of Houle a well-known democrat awl radios', demonist:read, in warm terms, the necessity of separating the interests of the Church from those of the state. He alluded to the conduct •of the Italian government during the fatal period which dates from Aspromoote, and dotes with the convention of the 15th September. He wound up his speech by recommending au immediate attempt towards Venice, as Rome seemed for the present to be shut out from the aspirations of liberal Italy. Still more inflammatory language was uttered by Professor A. Giannizzo Buetto, representative of the Liberal Association of Sioily, who spoke against Rome and the Papa l institutions. He declared Roman catholicism to be eminently inimical to science and liberty, and an °biter's to the progress of Italian indepen dence. All these assertions were interlarded with personal abuse of the Popes; narratives of their profligate livee were brought in for the recreation of the public, and many ounoegst them were shown up who have disgraced humanity as hell as the Papal sceptre. The same orator then attacked the t government of Italy, and pro the abolition of the first article of the consti tution, which acknowledges the oetholic religion as the recognised religion of the realm, affirming catholicism to be in its precepts contrary to the interests of seance, and morality, and opposed to popular liberties and rights. A monster meeting was proposed to be held under the presidency of Garibaldi, in sane city of Italy, to be afterwards decided on. The.return of Mania was to be pro pped and insisted on, as his absence from Italy reflected shame on the kingdom. Professor De Gubernatis, a young man of talent and promise, said that reaction seemed dominant just now, but that are long the people world bold their own ; they would find means of seeding their ultimatum to the Pope, which would drive him finally from Rome. The chairman of the meeting alluded to the necessity felt by the people of Italy for more fully vindicating their natural rights and privileges. The resolutions unanimously adopted by those regent at the meeting were--lit. The sovereign right of the people to be recognised as superior to every other right. 2nd. The abolition of the first article of the Italian constitution. Sold. That whosoever treat* with Rome is to be considered as a traitor to his country. The Diritto, which reported these proceedings in a moderately diluted form, has been let off with impunity. The A rveriere ' La doxistia di Firenze, the ex - official journal, Lo &sumo, and 11 Firenze, which have given an ani mated notice of the meeting, have been seised. The Nodose merely mentions the " meeting " as a matter of "no importance," and otherwise holds its peace. It is impossible, however, for those who penetrate below the surface of matters not to be conscious of the influence which these meetings have had in turning the government from the measures of extreme conciliation which had been commented with Rome. The terms of an understanding bad been fairly suggested in a compromise, which Rome offered in treating with the liberal government of Italy. It was pro posed to exempt the prelates created by the see of Rome from any direct oath, an implied assent of allegiance to the king of Italy and the present order of administration and sovereignil throughout Italy being understood and considered sufficient. All reactionary measures being punishable by law, it is very probable that the prelates, whose interest it would have been to maintain their privileges, would have attended to the spiritual conceits of their diocese, and allowed the government to obtain full command of the political situation, which it is now far from possessing. But all political wisdom appears for the moment to have quitted the muncils of the state. The country is at the present moment divided against itself. There is a powerful faction, a sort of consorteria" which holds office, and is more or less faithful and time-serving ac cording to circumstances. Weak and irresolute, though in many oases with excellent intentions, it has no fixed political programme, and governs as it best may. The "reds" perceive all this, and, with growing energy, take advantage of the situation to disseminate discontent--and it is un deniable that through their indomitable activity their ranks are filling fast. They abuse the go vernment, and declare openly, as we have seen in this lastFlorenoemeeting, thelegitimatesovereiguty of popular rights. Again there are the priests and reactionista, who, goaded by perpetual innate join against both parties. Apart from these there is a small band of true patriots, men of noble aims and pure principles, who look to the well-being of Italy alone, and are faithful to the traditions of the Cavour policy. These men are willies to fight out the battles of their country honestly, an the cabinet, the field, in parliament, and in every place where the great principles of Italian unity and national independence are to be defended or discussed. Some members of this select band have issued the programme of a new journal, which is to appear at the commeneenieut of next month, and in which the liberal aspirations of the country are to find honest expression. The name of this new journal is to be the Apennines. Amongst the contributors are mes of first-rate abilities and honourable station—senators, deputies, and literary men—all much respected and well known. Such a journal is a desideratum in Italy at this moment ; for though there are very many others, not one does full justice to Italian good sense and ability. We have lately amongst other epidemics been suffering from the epidemic of "Fetes." Sunday week we bad the grand inauguration of the "Tiro Nazionale" (the National Rifle meeting), by the I l King of Italy, at the Calcine. Saturday fast the " Pak di St. Giovanni" were celebrated with a review of the troops at the Gamine, at which his Majesty presided. The 24th of June is also the anniversary of the battle of St. Matinee which has become a military festival Yesterday (25th June) we had the distribution of prises to the victors of the "Rifle Me eti ng," by the King, at the Gamine. The ceremony took place under a raised pavilion canopy, where the King, with several of his ministers, the prefect, and the Gonfaloniere were seated. A number of ladies were present, who bad presented some splendidly embroidered banners to the National Rifle Association. These banners were awarded to the fortunate victors, who re ceived them from the ladies themselves. Enthu siastic were the manifestations of delight and applause when a priest Padre Bernasooni, from Como) came forward as the winner of the first prise. The novelty of the circumstance was of coarse the cause of this. display of feeling. Many Ater manes were distributed of tacesatlem value The a mating" here at Florence has pot been as sue cessfel as the two former, bad at Turin and Milan. Thw material prosperitg.ed oar new Capital is eeemme7 rising apace The Nettlwrincltelime ea awing a thriving trade in every bras" of Marinette they undertake, thanks to Emir moderate prices and attendon to customers' Than is a Piedmontese baker especial who has begone the rage ameaget eves the time through the moderation of his pine, the excellence sit the bread and biscuits sad in his shop and the desnliness and elegance a the shop half. I myself have seen people in very thriving Cirenin- Awed. tempted by the "look" of the place, glide in and buy tisk provisions for themselves. , Niarm; The last — c 4 Sherman . , „oily has by this time the whole of it is sosttegargra:D4 wide through the tarps and villages of theires‘ - Sher man himself, oh wallas Grant, is stidogidthrough the towns, receiving what are called " ovations " whenever be ventures to show himself. His popu larity is wonderful, but still it is evident that he is far from having the mum hold upon the national heart that Granthas. It is easy to see, both from what is said *bout him in the press and in private conversation, that his negotiations with Johnston have lost him the reputation for sound political sense which he undoubtedly possessed previous to that unfortunate episode in his career. The ten dency of the American mind, as you know, is to infer, from the possession of ability in any ooe department of public life, ability in fall others. The great general has usually been supposed hitherto to be fit for the highest civil duties. Until the second year of the war • dis tinguished lawyer or senator had little hesitation in taking the command of • division or corps in active service, and no difficulty whatever in securing the approval of his friends for the sudden change in his vocation. The notion that the distinguished politician was competent as such to lead hosts to battle was refuted very soon, but the faith in the distinguished soldier's fitness for all other duties survived until very recently, and perhaps nobody has done more to dissipate it than General Sher man. But he still remains a popular idol—es sort of spoiled child of the nation, of whom it is very ' proud and very fond, whose weaknesses or mistakes nobody likes to speak of, and everybody is ready to pardon. Nothing could have been more hearty or more cordial than his reception here in New York. I The friend's house at which he stayed was besieged from morning till night by • large and enthmdastie crowd, and all his attempts at walking or driving about town were utterly futile. He had no sooner made his appearance in the street than he was pur sued, surrounded , and fairly overwhelmed by enthusiastic thousands. I saw him in Wall-street make vain attempts to pay one or two calls ; the crowd either would not let him out of his carriage, or, being out, would not let him in, so he had to give it up. He has • quick, nervous manner, talks much at times, and frequently repeats what be has said in a new and more emphatic form. His contempt for the winces= of the newspapers here on his campaigns is very great. He says " they were always wrong." Of those of some English journals he thinks more highly, and instanced to me those of the Spectator as "admirable." He was much pleased with Captain Chesney's lecture on his ope rations. I ought to add, however, that the Army and Navy Journal of this city has frequently called forth very high encomiums from him for the gene ral soundness and accuracy of its comments on his movements. There appeared in it three days after his arrival at Savannah a summing up of the lead ing events of the march from Atlanta, which he pronounced a masterpiece in its way, considering that it was written in New York before he had made his appearance on the ooset. He is no spesoh maker, a serious defect io a man who desires to retain the popular favour in America ; but ne has winning ways which more than compensate for the absence of the " gift of the gab." Nothing can be more charming than his man ner towards women and children. There is not one of his looks or tones in talking with them which is not full of tenderness and delicacy ; and the result was that be was martyrised by both of them the whole time he was here. He was assailed at all hours of the day by little girls, with a strong reserve of mammas ready to follow up the attack for all sorts of favours, and I fear that before he left even his wouderful patience was exhausted. His row with Haack and Stanton Ism entered on a new phase. You may remember how bitterly he assailed the former for the order issued from Richmond, directing Stoneman and the sixth corps to continue their advance during the truce with Johnston, and recommending the War-office to issue general instructions to et officers not immediately under his command to disregard his orders. Halleok has now written a long letter, showing that all that he had done which General Sherman found offensive was done by Grant's express directions. The public is waiting anxiously to see how Sherman will take this revelation, and what effect it will have on his relations with Grant, which at present are most cordial. From Graut we may be sure not a word will hi extracted by way either of comment or ex planetton. There is not on the continent a more retioffilt man as regards political affairs or his own duties. At this moment no one in the country stands so high for the popular confidence in his political wisdom, in his shrewdness and judgment; and his self-control is just as strong as is his military talent. A more complete symmetrical character has not appeared in the war, and few such in any war, or in any country; and if anything were wanting to prove the good sense of this people, it would be found in their hearty admiration for this plain, simple, commonplace-looking man, who has never in his life made • speech or an epigram, or the slightest attempt of any kind to produce an " effect," who has avoided with scru pulous care even the appearance of conciliating any man, or body of men, in any other way than by • rigid and faithful performance of his duty. President Johnson seems to have determined to follow up the plan of reconstruction adopted in North Carolina, as he has, since my last letter, put it into operation in Mississippi. It consists, as you may remember, in allowing all those who I were legal voters under the State constitution as it stood at the outbreak of the war, and can prove I their loyalty since that period, to vote for a eon volition to revise the constitution, and restore the regular relations of the State to the Union. I do not believe it will week well, for various ransom In the first place, it will be found in ,practice impossible to restrict the Toting to the " loyal men." The only mode of asoartain ing whether a man is loyal or not, which has been devised as yet, is the administration of an unusu ally stringent oath. But it is well known that this oath is taken by thousands all over the South with out attaching the least importance to it. Large numbers have adopted the view of it propounded by e greedy Joieson, the distinguished iderYlsnd lawyer, that as it is not legal it is not binding, and may be taken by anybody without risk of per jury. Many more are tainted by the feeling which slavery bred long ago, and which was per haps one of the most singular results of the pecu liar institution, that faith should not be kept with Abolitionists; in fact, that an enemy of "Southern eights" (Xe. of the rights of slaveholding) is also an teeny of the human race. All who were familiar with the state of society at the South at the outbreak of the war are aware that there bad been developed in it on the subject of slavery a fanaticism of the Maki:enema type, and that the popular sense of the obligations of the faithful towards the am-sks'shehling world was -and _Lloyd, who nabbashingly OBlos instead qf. . resigning it;, foc the qr . I throw of the govemmodnit Illey lad ssforsitrupbblii sad were simply about to withdraw from, as they saidipeacenbiy. But the most striking examples may be foaled in private life, where unblushing frauds were often committed before the war upon Northerners, and justified, on the simple ground that the victims were abolitionists. Consequently, I fear that the whole white popu lation will vote for the conventions, and that the conventions will, therefore, faithfully reflect the old elaveholding prejudioes, pride, and ambition. They will certainly not be allowed to frame a con stitution restoring slavery—that is gone for ever ; but they will frame a oonsatution, as they bare done in Tennessee and Missouri, restricting tits inn °bite to the white men, and under this will be re admitted to the Union. Now, this is tantamount to leaving the blacks at the mercy of their old ene mies, keeping them in a position of degradation and inferiority, and exposing them to all the evils of class legislation ; in other words, perpetuating in milder form that abuse of inequality of rights which has been the cause of all the present trouble. The exclusion of the blacks from the franchise for any length of time, and to leave their enfran chisement in the hands of their old owners, is equiva lent to excluding them from it for an indefinite length of time, and will of oourse place the govern ment of the South in the bawds of that portion of the population hostile to the United States, and this foreshadows a renewal of the old and exasperating struggles in Congress, under very different circum stances I admit, but still full of danger. What excites most uneasiness here is that it is well understood that when once States are readmitted under the new constitutions all power of interfer ence on the part of the general government will be at an end, and the North will lose that control ovtr the reorganisation of Southern society which it was the great object of the war to acquire, 1011 1. 41 K, recosererml The black pepula yoke of their einem, al igiltruguay, and are con tried to promote a 4 w, but this roved a re al disquietude between the two COVA. get:SissANgszilam_propsietaes dieinctimaitate Their slaves even in Uruguiyait tarri ' tory. But th ey were not content even with t_ The Brazilians frequently i made incur ekes . cm U rug uay , ~ sad, se the name Osalarbias, such advection" went on plllegiNg fines, steeling cattle, and even kidnap ping free men from Uruguay to Rio Grande do Sul I.n fact the proprietors of Rio Grande seemed de termined little by little to make of Uruguay a Brazilian colony. The chief of them, Souza lint*, made common cause for the purpose with Flores, and at last, under the threat of revolutionietngthe whole province, the slave proprietor and the Uru guyan chief suieeeded in inducing Brazil to dealere war ou Uruguay. A commissioner was thereupon sent, M. Seredva, to ask indemnities for a number of old grievances all prior to 1862, and, backed by an imperial squadron, immediate compliance was de manded, and Monte Video was at ono. invested. It is easy to commies that, with such a diraZ of forma, Uruguay easily succumbed. The ant was soon laved to anode to the demands ; and by a convention signed on the 20 th February Pre& dent Aguirre was displaced, and General Flares was installed as president of the republic. Other States, however are interested in this issue, end first among thes e is Paraguay. Situate, ea an independent republic, far behind between Brazil and the Argentine Republic, her only means of communication with the outer world is by the Paraguay river and the mouth of IA Plata. Shut up this outlet, or, what is the same thing, let it become Brazilian on, and leer existence is at once endan Hence it is that as soon as she heard of demands of Brazil upon Uruguay she formally protested against any invasion of that State, and expressly signified "that the govern ment of the Republic of Paraguay will consider any occupation of the Oriental territory by the imperial forces, for the reasons declared in the ultimatum of I the 4th of the month (August), to be injurious to the balance of the States of the Plata, which oca yarns the Republic of Paraguay, as being the gua ranty of her sefety, her peace, and ber welfare ; sad that it most solemnly protests against such ace, rejecting at the same time all responsi bility for the result of the present declarative" The Breslau government took no notice of this protest, and Paraguay promeded at once to take reprisals by occupying Matto Grosso, an extensive Brazilian province by her side. As matters advanced towards the occupation of Uruguay by Brazil, it became evident that the Argentine Republic was not quite neutral in the contest. It was well known that Flores and President Mitre had long been in correspondence together, and that arms and ammunition Ind been sent to him from the Argentine Republic. It is. moreover, a fact, that whilst Buenos Ayres has always been adverse to Monte Video and Paraguay, the other provinces of the Argentine Republic were not in good accord with Buenos Ayres, in consequence of certain finan cial arrangements, and that the President might rather bail the opportunity of a war to get out at a difficulty. However it be, the hostile feeling o r I the Argentine Republic towards Paraguay was I clearly manifested. Between Paraguay and Uruguay there is the small province of Corrientes and the so-called territory of Missions, which belong to the Argentine Republic, but the rights and boundaries of which are disputed. To pro ceed to the assistance of Uruguay the Paraguayans must obtain permission for the passage of tarps through these provinces, and this personates was asked and refused. Supposing the Argentine Re public to be neutral, she would have certainly a right to refuse this passage of troops. Wheaten declares this right of passage through neutral tee ritory "an impeded, right, the exercise of widish' depends upon the consent of the proprietor, and which cannot be compelled against his will. It may be granted or withheld at the discretion of the neutral state." But Paraguay complained that the Argentine Republic was not neutral, and that sleet granted to Brazil that which she refused to her. It is under these circumstances that Paraguay con sidered the refusal a hostile measure, sufficient of itself to justify a war, and on the 1 8th Marcb, 1865, the Congress of Paraguay formally declared war to the Argentine Republic, the reasons wtgned in this declaration being the following :-Ist. The refusal, under pretext of neutrality, to grant the passage through Corrientes to the Paraguayan troops, though on previous occasions the same territory was opened to the Brazilian squad ron for the deposit of coals and provisions. 2nd. The non-recognition of the rights of the re public over the territory of the minions situated between the rivers Parana and Uruguay. 3rd. The protection granted by the Argentine cabinet to a revolutionary committee and to strangers who aimed at the overthrow of the republic. 4th. The help officially given to Brazil against the Paraguayan cause. The declaration was followed by immediate acts of hostility. The province of Corrientes was occupied. Steamers were seized, and war was carried forward along the river Parana. Paraguay is severely criticised for hay* pro-, Deeded to such hostilities before any declaration of war. But war eras declared and duly oommu skated to President Mitre. It is true that by the treaty of 1856 between Paraguay and the Argen tine Republic, it was agreed that in ease of war hostilities should not be commenced without a notification six months in advance. but that treaty was concluded for six years only, and it had therefore expired. In consequence of these bold steps, Brazil, Uruguay as represented by Flores, and the Argen tine Republic entered into a treaty of alliance spinet the republic of Paraguay, and they are all marching against her. Paraguay must be strong indeed even to attempt . to fight against three powers, but, is fact she is more in a position to injure than of being injured. Nor are the forces of Paraguay of small moment Par aguay has 23 steamers, all capable for river navigation. The Brazilian squadron draws too much water to be fit for that navig ation , and the Argentine Repub lic has not a sing le steamer. By land, however, : Paraguay has an army of 60,000 men; and th e allies will be able to tidied 100,000. Bus bow, and to what purpoee, can they pene trate Paraguay ? It is, indeed, to be regretted that these republics should be thus arrayed against each other,. but so long as they form so many sepa rate and ndependent republics we must expect them to be governed by the same political con siderations which rule all European states. As for the interests of Europe in this quest ion, we have no hesitation in saying on what side they lie. First, there is the question of slavery. Hitherto Uruguay formed a barrier to the rapacity of Brazilian slave owners. Let Brazil take permanent posesseion of that state, or have supreme influence on the govern ment, and slavery will sooner or later be . practacally extended to that country also. Europe Is certainly interested in the maintenance of freedom of river navigation on the Plata, and the same was seemed by specific treaties to which the United Kingdom became a party. But what security shall we have for this, if we allow Brazil to have the key at the mouth of the Plata, and Buenos Ayres the right to shut the I river navigation altogether I We are interested in I obtaining full security for the trade and pompons of Europeans in these parts. Can we expect to obtain this by allowing a state of things which may lead to a etuan.= of the oivil wart Now that the internal affairs of Uruguay are so far settled, let I Brazil fulfil ,her promise of retiring from Mouth IVideo, and restoring that republic to her free I anion. As soon es that be dose, Paraguay will sertainly relinquish her hold on Matto Grosso, and by retiring from Corrientes, the clams el dispute with the Argentine Republic will also end. Wei are happy to find that hitherto the policy ci United Kingdom in the Plata hes bola boasurahls and satisfactory, and we tried that whilst we than ever be the jealous guardians of those rights which freedom, civilisation, and commerce demand, we shall no t depart from a poeitionof strict neutrality in the troubles and conflicts d the states of La ,0001. TRH WAR AT LA PLATA. Hardly has one fierce contest ended in the once peaceful continent of America than another has begun, which, though considerably smaller in di mensions and less weighty in its influence on En_ rope, is yet charsoterised by those manifestations of bitter feelings and animosities which always mark the combat of hostile ram. But in truth everything on the American continent is on the largest possible scale. The territories of different states are not measured by hundreds but by millions of square miles. Rivers, mountains, lakes, are all on a scale of surpassing magnitude ; and, though the population may yet be small as compared with the area, the rate of increase is such as to eclipse altogether that of any European state. As for their resources, they are boundless. With produc tions of . every zone, and the industry of different races, with virgin soil capable of any cultivation, and with that keenness for wealth which always marked the American colonists, of what increase are they not capable 1 How much it is to be re gretted that states so highly favoured should hinder their own progress by feuds and wars. Up to the commencement of the present century Spain and Portugal still divided among themselves nearly the whole continent of South America. But in 1810 commenced that struggle for independence among the enslaved provinces of La Plata, which led them one by one to sever all connexions Xtith the mother countries. First among these were Buenos Ayres and the states forming the Argen tine Confederation, though they had far less diffi culty in gaining their independence from Spain than they had in settling the form of government among themselves. Brazil acquired her indepen dence in 1821, and at once assumed the form of an empire, with a constitution which has undergone no change since it was first inaugurated in 1824. The Banda Oriental achieved her independence to 1814; though, like the Argentine Confederation, the war of parties prevented her early consolidation. Again and again has Brasil intervened in her affairs, and she went even the length of incor porating the whole with the empire ; but resistaneet was offered, and by the mediation of England the Banda Oriental was recognised as independent, under the name of Uruguay, in 182& Paraguay, also an old Spanish posseerion t destroyed that domination in 1811, and after having been for many years ender the dictatorship of Francis, was after his death, in 1840, formed into an independent republic. We might have expected that these states, having by almost similar means and at -.the same time gained their independence, woOM, like the states, of North America, have striven together towards their mutual proteo tion and common advancement, but the re verse has unfortunately been the case, and from physical and social causes they seem to have been always labouring under_ great disadvantages. Probably nature never intended that the basin of la Plata should be divided into so many sovereigsi states. Whatever the cause, the states are aist satisfied with their present arrangement. Brazil, the largest of them, for the most part all situate in the torrid sone, and with her soil more adapted to the production of sugar, coffee, and tobacco than to the cultivation of grain or the rearing of cattle, is naturally compelled toseek elsewhere for a territory better adapted to her white population, and capa ble of furnishing her the means of subsistence ; whilst with her inland province, stretching so far in t h e interior, and without roads or canals, she swept& with undisguised ill-feeling the fact *Abbe mouth of la Plats and the rivers Parana e4` Paraguay are in the hands of foreign states. The Argentine Republic, more a confoiera- , lion than a single state, has always Of girded Monte Video as a rival too forseidabba in the estuary of La Plata. Buenos Ayres never looked with favour on the rise of these independent republics. Paraguay once formed part of the Argentine Republic, and Buenos Ayres alwsp protested against her being recognised as ludo. I pendent. She saw that by the opening of the i interior through a free river communication, own monopoly would necessarily be paralysed. The Rep i him. of Paraguay and Uruguay, oa the (Sing hand, small as compared with Brazil and the Argentine Republic, =riots, too, for their own liberties, and zealous for theirown sovereign risks, have every reason to regard the movement of the larger states with distrust. In addition to all these causes of trouble, nearly every one of these .totes had the misfortune of harbouring some political chief, most unscrupulous as to means, rude and even savage in behaviour, who, under the name of freedom, committed everywhere the greatest atro cities. The names of Bosse, Flores, Bribe, and many others, might have kured much better among the bravoes of the middle ages. This being the normal condition of things in La Plata, it is easy to understand the reasons and bearings al the _ present war. For some time past Uruguay bas been the NNW 1:1 :2= c ivil war, and Venancio Flora, its future 1 1 , who was at the bead of the Colorado par•yokrime bard .to benefit by it, if be did not fitment it. Not content, however, in ani mating the internal today )» aimed at acquiring owe more the mastery of Uruguay, by the support of Brazil and backed by Brazilian arms. Bordering upon e Uruguay there is she large province of Rio do Sul, which once was an independent State. It was there that Garibaldi founded the Nate yt rizstiaiis, and wen slavery was tbare TN IAY ',PRESS, FRIDAY EV i oN -• ' JUNE 30, 1 14 11 A . 117 " it with regard . nay isr the m if I had ti Dish nala • tioas of this eh • '0. 0.1 tonaili your Some very st • • are W • • ' tokbe f.. e conduct of South idea in laid of Shermateg army has : • •e, sad 'nigh Wks before the outbreak of the mr, harts as THE INDIAN WIDGET. (nem Os Daily News.) Ir Sir CHAIL WOOD ID the best abused, he i s also the most trusted, member of the Gorsesumut. Is there soy other English Miaister—is thereat/ Wm, Minister is the whole world—who is allowed . a year with so little supervision as the House of Commons exercises over him kir Caine. Woos hes an Boiyire--alince& a tend—for his derisinient. The revenues d . Thais are as lergS as the revenues of Greet Britain were oily a few years ago, and r e the consideration of the affairs of that country are postponed year after year to the fag end of the warier ; and the finsanal statement, the discussion of which ought to be a great Parliamentary event, is delivered to • company of members not large enough to fill a inederate-sised parlour. This is partly the fault of the system on which the lodise ' accounts are kept, and which does not permit the IiscILITABY of STATE for Imola to produce hie statement early in the minio' • ; and it is satiate°. tory to know that Sir Cadmus Woon, whose ad ministrative ability no one dis putes, has taken measures for placing the accounts on K better footing. Bet it is even more due to the iBIIOIICiagICC of members themselves. When, however, the annual statistics of the Lillian Admi nistration come in good time before the Heusi, we may hope that some of its younger members will cultivate a reputation for familiarity with British interests in India. At peasant it would be possible to count upon the fingers the names of the mem bers of the House of Commons who can discern instructively for ten minutes on Indian affairs. , Thome few gentlemen must feel themselves highly honoured, sins they are left, upon occasions hie that of last night, to discharge the whole duty of the Hoene of Commons. The general tenor of the statement which Sir Clues.= WOOD had to make last eight wan known from that of Sir CHAIM= TILIVIZTAN'II Budget speed at Calcutta. There was in the accounts of last year a deficit of 263,0001. instead of the anticipated surplus of 823,0001., brought about, notwith standing an increase of 120,0001. in the revenue, by an increase of the charge upon it to the extent of 1,260,0001. Some of the amuses of this increase of charge WM temporary, es those relating to opium, but others may be expected to be permanent. The charges connected with the army have increased 674,0001., owing to the enhanced price of provi eons, and to compensations which it is found necessary to make to officers and soldiers of the native army. It is, however, satisfactory to note the continued increase of the revenue of India. With re spent to the Income-tax, Sir Quinn Woos stated that he was never more =primed than when he learned from Sir Joan Lawaaircs that it had been taken off, notwithstanding the inadequacy of the Indian revenue to meet the public expenditure. Sir Joan Lawsracce disapproved of the measure, but assented, hie council being unanimous in its favour. Sir Cannes WOOD thinks that the Indian Government having to administer the country without the proceeds of the tax, and not having been allowed to substitute export antis fpr it, will learn a lesson of economy, and exercise a stricter control over expenditure in future. The present year he regards as a period of transition. Mr. bf&eacv will have to mature his opinion upon the state and circumstances of the country, and until then Sir Climax' WOOD will go on as well as be can, not raising any loan, but issuing a few India bonds, if that owes should become . neocalary. According to his explanation 'of the inquiry instituted by Sir Joan Lawnsitca into the rights of the Talookdars of Cade, that measure is likely to prove of much lees conse quence than had been anticipated. The rights which were supposed to be threatened, are in many cases likely to be confirmed. It was more difficult to say anything satisfactory about the Boot= war. It seems, however, that overtures for peace hive been made by the enemy, and as nothing more can be done till November, it only remains to hope that they may lead to a settlement of the points in dispute, and put an end to a war which can bring us neither honour nor profii,... ANOTHER GREAT LAKE IN casyRAL AFRICA. It is known to those who take an interest in Airtime cardesation that Mr. fissitsel Baker, after meeting Spike end Cheat at Goodokoro, en the White Nile, advenesd seal/muds is ea attempt to =teed the discoveries of Wee travellers. The follow* despatch from Mr. Hammed, &equable' pegrephere with the die stymy of smother peat antral Airless lake ybasoe the tunes, and wish* has bees named by Mr. bates the Albert Nymirm. The /loyal Gespephiesl (Weir ball Messtly awarded to Yr. Baker their y s iskela gold mei far Ide *sited surdielearimr. entirely at he ova mg. Al ea* of the telegram Adams us that this mead greed Nilotic lake lies is meth latitude 2 deg. 17 asps.. OM B. Murchison mys we may fehty seredm that it is the Leis Write, Word of by Spike end placed hypothetically is abed It. Mae position epos his map, bat which be was prematel from numbly, "Forsign•dies, Juice 211, 1866. " Sir,—l am directed by Earl Resell I. acquaint you, fat tie iatormatiou cl the Geographical Society, that too lielegrama, dated reepectively the 27th and 28th busk, hoe Imo this day reesived at the Foreign-Ake, which, though Imperfectly transmitted. rawly roam the fellamias letei %mace, which hit lordship bee pest *mare ishomamod satin through yes. lama delay; to the sesisty Ocemil-Gtooral Oniqubecut reports from Abner dria, that letters. dated the 10th of Kay,led been received from Khartum. stating that ' Mr. Baker has succeeded In disowning the second peat source of the fille—essaaa, ' ace is importance, but (rely is eerier of lkawary, ts tb Mato& Nyanza cd Spoke.' Yr. Oseeld Blembry, she ase t' Alesandria, sessim of Bo ikosovery as that el 'the aed maia cause of the NIL. . Lake Albert Braes, north latitude 2 dog. 12 sae Yr. Baker was ompseled shortly , to arrive at Alerandria.--I em, dr, year meet shaken , !amble ssemmt, >t HAMIOND. " Sir Roderick I. Marobiceo." Toe Lags Dn. natiVeron. —The Mafiosi= te.• seam ci Nie to : e c l a t mafiosi plipleks }eat No ph Wee so well bums, setmerely to ell the d this empire at whams Ade is lamb. aol gligellariet ei *very sew* WM C isk ereves " 7l Cols ed limp& ded,se boons se dim la our prefemiek weer was Wel to Idea. Wry* to eave others be Met Me owe Wu About four yaws aso he wee eureaseed to the bedside of • peat serthers prehte, e INlmber of • family with whom he bad always been cm mw thee • metal leoNss d himaierMy. Year a# journeys to Durbeee, with the fatties, kis et amp, = red , erbish egeiseslotal sad peressel Sler big one vied, sad the begot el Ids wok Y well, WWI WO Me ler his His Owe way. Owl day, go the writer has Asa loud him ay, be famed bimetal rereveries hen • with • lobe at 40. Bo bad. is last, that ings h r= solady of the heart saki may, Itself by Be valve* disease, batty failure d lower. It wee bias aid set* able to go It mph* wood, mid ODA and los: 8 4, itsluststo step if rudely ashes, or if tie lasi et age interfered with the greestkagss el tie • That dust, if we may sestigee the agetapheo wee freed 0141eveLoped c he *mob, tie, hewn fesidu Hurler thane be knew perfectly well what hie cu would be. He Weed his work removed to • swam hew" spot time out of Irma, Yd wee fm $ while better. Pat the lIMPai is In beg. Re eV walldes le the essase el big semidry Nei, Asset Ostia% Winkteld, err go., about ems think of Suede? Lot. Jane 96, 'bee be wee seised with- -Mr iselseeselm- Be lay almost Uhler ter some hears, sad Ills ebbed re eleirly that theme about bile lordly Omar the obits of bit doom" It is anticipated that the largest wheat crop ever raised is Peemaylvaida will be harvested Mil rm.—Peer , trisolis• PPR TA.IygIiNTAR (tram the Da Iv isms to be generally elbolothe parliamentary sr _per,. The time of on and that is in itself a ooge pliseld be disposed to think &tone of the new method t kgfpeipte of the new practi ilia" in separating clues Or of policy. The Bede tit LOCUS standi—who are I fp be beard, in favour or SOW eohems--queations o Mew as to the suffiaiencj velem, indeed, is dunk it& general principles NA to be broken 1.4 ltted to various tril experience appears to he fro. although indefensibli Is practise. Assuming, t continued, the Report of mitigated the subject h prevenient* ; but there sr by some of the witnesses Weep attracted the atte • It is to be observed t 'balms the Committee wb re sgainst the proposed through the bands of the ameiou must, no doul because the inn time, and were • new code of pra !WU not exist in were other causes of esaiseut nature, which asesimos. " The expense " have referred," says • 4 this way : we were Mils work of Complete so as to feed t ' 4l upon which we had " the parties were wait %r. Dower suggests is Courts of Referees—one eases, and the other two de Ages of enghiehring and so . 44 ,yeu began work early apprehead . that there M "al 0 regards deli 1. 6 cessaAly happen before Mr. Recxsane, the mete that "the Referees tenet " business that they we 4 ' cans on their notice-p "through ; and the cool " were in waiting expee " It seems Mang state of things should inane, no reason why . begin to sit at tote earlie But it has been suggest begin their sittings eve Parliament. Is there this? Mr. G. B. Go agent, who was exam reittee, says with great " deal of the expense " news is in conseqt " pressed into so " You bow have thirt "sitting within a peri " work while that is ;" pressure ; if you wog 1 " you must be paid al : I ' l if you could sprees "period, you would a 148 Lion of the expense ,Without adopting the to its full extent, then' ! Referees should not be imeaths before ksrlii ;period they would , ammo , jurisdiction 'coo during the Their jierisdiction wee diminished. During upon • sufficient nu opening of the melon submitted to the Cos be referred. For ti Court of Referees sea the business. The r alluded to by Mr. would be effectually lost important result members among th obliged to confine ti Locus *midi, engines ' able to devote theme private business of If the number M Referees were vele, Commons would n eflelest having ad& • by releetieff any PI ' the session. But ee would be required, i sock objection wool that the proposal wt from any of the par • except those who a with their vacating bible that, if thews to change, it wattle rule for the purp bring their cases bet nient period. Nor tutional objection ~holding their color • asmido. Their poi et Parliament. Th seemed be, that an i "Was place in 114 January, or perhap Common Law Ju business except dm were found to be to tie country was so was obliged to caul transact their bus result has taken pl found impossible business during .Nee now is—wl .e tang the dill . 'het lb* system of ar1144 assumes Bodensee are requi s fee the Co *Jinn before Parl =B:the pri to sugges life abould net ware while to tr ••••• lUD DEL FIRM to 114 &Woo 4 sttWseaf las mment .Irig er meem s a n d ma n Me gamble'''. lerates ef 161666 .4 sits. law Eloanw, roe husaLizr-srumr. Patients relieved dm i r It