The Press. — London, England, 1854-08-26 00:00:00

- '798 Considerable sensation has been caused at Berlin by a very simple fact. The King has ordered that a marble tablet, with an inscription in letters of gold, shall be placed at the spot where the first soldier fell in 1848 from the fire of the insurgents. This act of reparatory justice has given rise to some protestations, not, however, of a turbulent character, but which have led to several persons being arrested or sum moned to appear before the magistrates. Warlike preparations are making at the Prussian ports on the Baltic. The garrison of Swinemunde has been strengthened by a part of the 9th Regi ment. Reinforcements of artillery have been or dered to Dantzic, Pillau, Stralsund, and Kolberg. Peenemunde and Stralsund are to be immediately placed in a state of defence. An order has arrived for arming the fortress at the mouth of the Vistula and the fort of Neufahr. By a Cabinet order of the King, the newly invented flat drums are to be introduced into all the regiments of the Prussian army. The export of flax, hemp, linseed, and wood from Russia by way of Memel, both by land and river conveyance, continues on the same increased scale as hitherto. The extent of increase since the re opening of trade this spring under the liberal auspices of the English and French concessions to neutral powers may be estimated by stating that the turnpikes in the neighbourhood of Memel take ten times as much toll now as is usual at this time of the year. One of the Prussian custom houses on the Russian frontier sometimes takes as much as 1,0(X) thalers a day for import duties. SWEDEN. Immediately after the surrender of Bomarsund General Baraguay d'Hilliers and Mr. Grey, Secre tary of the English Legation, started for Stockholm, it is supposed with a view of inducing the Swedish Government to join the Western powers. ITALY. The Piedmontese Gazette of the 19th announces that a treaty for the reciprocal freedom of the coast ing trade has been just concluded between England and Sardinia, and that a treaty of commerce has also been concluded between Sardinia and the Sub. lime Porte. Garibaldi has issued a declaration from the baths of Acqui, declaring that, being tired of hearing his name constantly coupled with wild attempts at revolt, he frees himself from all personal responsibility respecting them. Letters from Naples, of the 16th, state that two thirds of the inhabitants of that city have emigrated on account of the cholera. Among the victims of the epidemic are the Duke of Lieto, Gen. Nunziante, and the Prince of Aci. SPAIN. The latest news from Spain is of a gloomy cha racter. The present state of tranquillity is said to be only apparent. The new Ministers work not well together, and the provincial juntas are in fierce op position to each other. There have been rumours of the resignation of Senor Coiled°, the Finance Minister, and of other tokens of impending crisis in the Administration. Clubs are being organised, where the acts of the Government are freely dis cussed, and the decrees of the Queen trampled under foot. Catalonia has become the place of resort for violent political refugees, and their move ments are both watched and feared. There is evi dently a feeling in operation that is intended to effect another revolution, which, it is believed, the Govern ment will be unable effectually to resist. It is calculated that the deficit bequeathed by the Sartorius Ministry to the public treasury amounts to seven hundred millions of reels, about 6,600,0001. sterling. Marshal Espartero and all the Ministers took part at a banquet given on the 15th by the French Ambassador in honour of the fete of the Emperor Napoleon. A new civic decoration has been instituted at, Madrid as a reward for the "splendid feats of valour and patriotism which have immortalised the days of July." The decoration consists of a civic crown, with a gold hand, hearing the motto, " To the defenders of the liberty of July, the gift of a grateful country." This crown is suspended by a red and green riband, indicating that the people shed its blood to reconquer liberty. The Duke de Montpensier sent 0,000 reals to the wounded, the widows, and orphans of the 17th, 18th, and 10th July. PORTUGAL. Advices from Lisbon of the 19th instant contain no political news. The vine disease was spreading, and doing incalculable injury. A royal order directs the remaining surveys for the railway front Madrid to Portugal to be urged on as rapidly as possible. TURKEY. The Porte, aided by Lord Stratford, has finally obtained from the Greek Patriarch a consent to denounce the conduct of Russia, in regard to the orthodox Church, which is placedunder his guardian- THE PRESS. ship, and not that of the Emperor Nicholas. This proclamation is expected to have an immense effect among the lower classes of Christians in the Ottoman empire, who are under the impression that their own ecclesiastical authorities openly side with Russia. The Patriarch had been previously pressed to issue a manifesto to the Greeks, but refused to do so, tendering his resignation rather than sacrifice his own personal feelings, which are in favour of Russia. A line of steamers is about to be established be• tween Constantinople and Varna by the French Messageries Imperiales, under an engagement with 1 the Ministry of War. The service, which is to con sist of six voyages per month, going and returning, will be performed by two steamers of 120 horse power, and the departures will be so combined that the boats leaving for Varna will always carry des patches for the army brought to Constantinople by couriers from Marseilles. The Turkish Government has finally come to a decision regarding the telegraph. A French engineer, M. Delarue, has been engaged for the purpose of setting up a line between Constantinople and Belgrade. A grant of 40,0001. has been allowed by the treasury. RUSSIA. It appears that Prince Paskiewitsch has again been Generalissimo of the active army since the 15th of August. Prince Gortschakolf will have the command of an army corps in Bessarabia, but naturally under the marshal. Prince Paskiewitsch will himself corn mand the grenadier corps and the Ist and 2nd in- fantry corps. According to the Journal de Constantinople, four teen Russian soldiers, with an officer, a Count Lobs chetin, not long since fell into the hands of one of Halim Pacha's reconnoitring parties. They were the bearers of three proclamations, in which the Emperor Nicholas informed his army :-1. That Prince Gortschakoff had received orders to give every soldier who bad crossed the Danube a reward of two silver roubles; 2. That the Russian Government would take especial care of and would improve the position of those persons who had actively shared in the present war; 3. As the whole of Europe was against Russia, her troops would be recalled to their native country, and there, as in 1812, await their enemies. Constanstinople letters state that Sebastopol is being enormously strengthened. Ships of the allied fleets are cruising in sight of the fortress. The forti fications of Sinope are being restored. An imperial proclamation has been issued forbidding the emigra tion of the natives of the Crimea, but they are allowed to withdraw from the coast into the interior of the peninsula. According to the official bulletin on the 29th of July, in the morning, there were 319 persons under medical treatment; 12 fresh cases occurred during the day-26 were cured and 5 died ; 300 remained ill. The journals of Moscow announce the death of the Tsarevitch Elias Georgievitch, son of the last King of Georgia, George XIII. He died at Moscow on the 14th of July. SWITZERLAND. On Saturday, the 12th inst., there was an emeute in the market-place of Geneva, in consequence of the high price of potatoes. Three thousand individuals assembled in the square. They placarded a notice fixing If. 25c. as the maximum price for the local measure. To every dealer, as he came into the market, this maximum was offered, and when he refused to deliver his goods at that price his stall or car was upset, and the contents scattered about the street. All who resisted were ill-used. The police walked about in the midst of the crowd without daring to interfere. The Council of State remained in close quarters at the Hotel de Ville, and took no step whatever. UNITED STATES. The latest New York dates are of the 12th inst. The President wa.s assaulted in his carriage on the sth, just after leaving the Capitol at Washington, subsequently to the adjournment of the Senate. His assailants were three drunken men, not of the lower class, who accosted and insulted him ; and one of whom, Mr. Jeffards, of Charleston, threw an egg at him, which damaged his hat. Jeffards was arrested and held to bail, but subsequently liberated on be coming sober and penitent. An extensive conflagration broke out at New Orleans on the sth inst., and damage to a very con siderable amount was sustained. A great deal of the losses will fall on the Liverpool insurance offices. Several other fires are reported. San Francisco, which has so often suffered from similar catastro phes, was visited by a most calamitous conflagration on July 11th. About sixty-five houses were de stroyed, and the loss is estimated at about 225,000 dollars. The whole tract burned over was built of wood on piles. The town of Columbia, in Toulurnme county, was burned down on the morning of the 11th July. The loss is estimated at 500,000 dollars. The town of Minesota, in Nevada county, was burned down, excepting three houses, on the Bth July. . SATURDAY, Loss estimated at 52,000 dollars. Fourteen hundred acres of wheat were burned in Suisun and Vacs valleys on the 7th July. Four hundred acres of wheat were burned at San Bernardino on the 28th June. Twelve buildings in Sonora were burned in a, conflagration on the night of the 3rd July. Accounts had been received in New York that the French war-steamer Phogue had captured a Russian vessel at Valparaiso. The inhabitants of San Juan (Greytown) have commenced rebuilding their town, but most of the influential men have left for other places. OREGON. Intelligence from Oregon to the Bth of July has been received at and from San Francisco. Very rich gold diggings are said to have been dis covered at about twenty-five miles from Port. Orford, at which the miners are said to be realising not leas than fifty dollars a day each. One party of four men, it is reported, had taken out 0,000 dollars in two weeks. The inhabitants of Port Orford had gone en masse to the new diggings. Other mineral trea sures are in course of discovery in Oregon. A valu able lead-mine had been found in the vicinity of St. Helen's. Some specimens of the ore yielding 75 per cent. were exhibited. A rich vein of bituminous. coal had been found on the coast near Rogue river. The wheat crop of Oregon this year will be very fine. The Oregonian reports that negotiations are going on. for the purchase of all the interests of the Hudson's. Bay Company in Oregon. The Indian difficulties on Puget's Sound are not yet settled. The Pioneer says. that the Indians are rather formidable in point of num bers, as well as possessing a grod supply of arms. CAN ADA. A proclamation was issued in an extra edition of the Canada Gazette of the 9th, convoking the colonial Parliament for the despatch of business on the sth proximo. The Quebec Chronicle of the 9th says : "Tee returns for 123 constituencies have been realm!, leaving only the counties of Chicoutane and Gaspe to be heard from. The following may be considered as accurate a statement of the result of the general election as it is possible under the circumstances to procure:—ldinistr rialists, 47 ; anti-Ministerialists, 81 : majority against Ministers, 34." INDIA AND CHINA. The Bombay steamer brought the July overl and mail to 'Neste on Wednesday, having sailed from Alex andria on the evening of yesterday week. The mail had been waiting in Alexandria since the 15th inst. The dates are—Calcutta , 14 t h J ul y ; Madras, 21st; Bombay, 20th ; Canton, 4th ; Hong-Kong, oth. The, anticipatory advices transmitted by telegraph report only from all these quarters that "there is no parti cular news." Trade in India is dull. AUSTRALIA. In the course of a few months Melbourne is ex pected to be lighted with gas. Mr. Antony Gabrielli, a capitalist, who has been in 'Victoria for some months, has lent 500,0001. to the corporation of Melbourne, and 200,0001. to the corporation If Geelong, for local improvements. The interest is at. the rate of 0 per cent., Mr. Gabreilli being also allowed 5 per cent. discount on his payments. From the returns lately presented, the amount of money at the command of the Australian colonists must appear truly amazing. The circulation and d e p o sits amount to 8,0 70 , 1601 . , w hich for a popula• tion amounting, in the first quarter of this year, to about 250,000, would give upwards of 321. for esery man, woman, and child in the colony. Comparifindng w ith Scotland, the birthplace of model banks, we that in that country the circulation of notes, in 1851 was 3,350,000/., for a population of 2,000,000, or, about 11. 3s. per head ; while in Victoria the circula tion is 2,080,91 11 . , fora po p u lation of 250,000, or tnors than Si. per head. THERE are now ready for embarkation, at Wool wich, two waggons, fitted with large reels o f tele gra phic wire, covered with gutta percha, and intended to serve as a means of communicatihereon b e tween the camps of the army in Turkey. T is a small two-wheeled carriage for each waggon, and a hand•plough for oper.ing the trench in which the wire is to be laid as it is rolled oil one of the large reels. Each of the reels revolves horizontly , . e an d contains about a mile le n g th of the wire. 1 h plough is so constructed that on the wire being de posited it is immediately covet ed over without fur ther labour. On the camps changing their p tions the wire can be rolled on the reels again, and be made available on the new ground. GENERAL PAIXHANS, who has given his name to the formidable shells of his invention, died on Saturday last, at his estate near Metz, in the 72nd year of hextil ie age. The deceased was long celebrated as an lery officer. He was general of division in the French army, and at one time deputy f or the depart ment of the Moselle in the Chamber. His funeral took place on Mondby, and was attended by a mui titude of officers of all ranks. ..imiIffamomMIIMIIIM I IA M