The Express. — London, England, 1850-07-03 00:00:00

I I COLONIAL. --- WEST INPIES.—JAMAICA. /r , h o e dates frAt this island to the 10th of June. K o ween Juuribil of the 10th has due fol ic.' • ' lotr;:t;Noot e , slalom to imamate* the lee* of 210,0f0f., oseice to obtain a pot tim of the patilameatary f o r Ike Furrow et paying a poetics rif he „ k" . —0 t h e ill nul is this position. that it must either ftmt r titer withost the aid of parheatest, or poblis e t. '" ? ; :a Eap:,aud end the blast must r• main orpatd, r."._ awe so w Int ,rataties of ISSAIf/ACOS SS to whoa theyl 04 " - on , to be paid. Wilt persona shish that moans /° 4 17 i,; 1.• Wed 14 Wide the mosey wittiest the aid of .. s e nt. eves tioooh a helm( rate of Muriel should mea wadi be wi.h that aid ; he other ward., r e woo should be le ft untried to upheld the bland ' I: L. A tie me w of dot atter dist Irbil* is taken by r w . ad Me remraiesioaers is this Maud, and we r eotia so 1), biro it will infuse the former to • ligielstere to meet sad proesed to Damages to of the sane date announces the capture of • • r tt the 1-land of Cuba which was taken sal. Issas , A. The vomit woo eaptuted sees . • s :es: mail Mt tb• Wend. The Afrieses, a low It' cf elose au child:ea, have been 14,4644 at Feet m a sal 'tartly be appoltioceJ to them who have ""•',..,; moue tor dune. They are employed is picking •;: cotton prone at Barbican, aad are said to 'work t!i $' • : • . r .;•to t rty is tLis, to them, novel employment • ii•l t.s allows. via : Mips, 66 ; w4ama, 4$ ; 1-.• 35— to tal. 241. lien worse is all 244 landed 1.7•;• :142••• on the 22 iast.. bat theta have beim dues S Uhty, constituent, we rennin. oa load Goa. - - - •ost .1 t• art the Ctemeath.o. There wen aloo 21 who :At k and are sutTsr:ce from debtlity, but t to teener nadir the wildest an et the effij• In Vt.) IV er ' s L 04.tete sill meet on Tuesday. the 23:11 gs. • . • hart 1.41 soar Isere of the greet earbgaske V, ~., is the 'thy 1602, eh the publie institution. aimed. sail the public:vim of the ethers] isitesded. • . It •Inite, hes bees giving concerti is King- • .n o n Ow WI pates, s mcies *Cr iu 111 . 4 Ammo! upon the practice. , ti ,unv.ion in Jassuca. There are great . en. 1, ir chic apecies of ealtieetion in t , at seat depend en eta people then ;to,lne Htae enetaelea—fee they are of a Moral fay aY a phy•lte , !core —Wand n the way of salsi. . ! ton es of rintivating eager—the want of Caves, trio* el laboer br the yre-eniatecee ot the (shiner= et not on is Islamics is :••` e !Len ea•met be doubt. Math labour will be e for ten p eryeee, bat net for saw." AIIRIvAL OF THE MAILS. Tte Royal Mail St m etw e iacket Company's ship 7 :5 r... er.k. a at Southampton last Ent, ¢ 1 , 1 •1 .he West ludic and Pacific mails, in ex.:, of Lint. Percival, Admiralty agent. She 1. 7 ' : • a height speck value 1,21f).5.50 dole, of ) dole. are to gold from California; also ,st Jot 'Edisto, aced a large cargo. . Jamaica un the 7tl ult. ' • con se q uen tly, r, R, hr. been 6nticipated by the above Pis cis es fcm Trinidad are to June 7 ; Desawara, l'.•: , , 2; St. Jago de Cubs, 4 ; La Ousyra, t 11: table. 6 ; Barbadoes. 9: Ore- T.:!A r • . Vincent, S; St. Lucia and Martinique,' ar.l Antigua. 10; Dominica, 9; Moat s:.,.• Nevis, ard St. Kitt'', 11; Tortola, 12; St. ms.. 11. The Treat brings 75 passengers. prev4ils at St. Jago de Calm, not . • .• • i'.ag the proclamation of - martial law. The ib ir.ta of Jamaica have learnt that they cannot rs• -I.t lap in England, and that the home go un-:A r.t. rafeasi to gesrantes its repayment. hms s sas h as,:hy and heavy rains bad fallen in rfzv cf the making is reported as being nearly over for .a. Cries pore lamentably deficient, as ' these d last year, in the whole of la wale the exception of Barbadoes and . ia stated that the crop of the Blicish a :easels w:11 produce 19,000 begeheeds The following are the crops ads.; Tobago, 300; St. Lucia, V . rut, 2,000 ; Antigua, 3,000 ; Nevis, .... rat. 600 ; St. Kitts, 1,000 ; Demerara, mope of two colonies will ones d last 2,000, and Dominica 500. :Le same as last year. Santa Cruz last year about 6,000 hbde. ' Rico will be the same as 'erttr:.que and Guadeloupe wiel skip tads. It was t xpected that Cuba 1,1t0,000, but she will only yield' In Btitish Guiana business was very auger estates bad been sold at ei ea. Draught is the principal cause of this i• deficiency. The news from Panama is 1 Cot M iy. Ainut 2,000 persons were wait .; a ; to San Francisco. The Panama steam t:)l.-tt artived, with news highly flattering from e' mile The markets continued to be well sup .. at fair priori. Iler Britannic Majesty's any -..er sailed on the Ist of 11. y for Valparaiso, with A dollars in gold dust. ice Frenen Witt Indian Islands were in an alarm. s'ate of anarchy, and iu Guest...loupe fire, pillage, assusine.tion continued, in spite of the state ef Acooading to a proclamation by the govern nen% the damages by incendiary fi:es exceeded hell mi.doe of francs. l't 3f. Gnt Via 3 -' ~ 6 .teral fats, the revolutionary leader of Venezuela, tad arrived a: St. Thome. _ _ Ite tmstenes of largo quantities of gold in Upata, i rr,eitee of Venezuela, is confirmed. The T,incemale e was at Greytown • Wellesley , _ Bermuda; Bermuda, at Jamaica ; Alarm, at Birbe &its; Y: , .mper, en the Spanish Main ; and the Persian PANAMA, MAT 23. Ta Pacific Steam Navigation Company's steam- Le e New Gruada, J. If. Pearson, commander, ar r..td oil Panama this morning at 11 o'clock, with the tea: British mails, from the undermtntioned porta. 'Es den art anttxrd :—Valparaiso, April 30 ; Co- May 1; Homo, 2; Copaipo, 2 ; Colieja, 4; .1; Aries, C; Islay, 8 ; Nom 9 ; Callao, 13; 101Guayaquir, 18; Buenaventura, 21. . lot New Grenada brought to Panama passenge-a, atd also cn freight for transhipment to the It qsl b!eitA C.mpany's packet-ship for England, trauma to the amount of about 670,355 dollars. TIM WAAL BANK OF AtiliTHALlA.—Theittrdn_y, after Wee tnextuvive Wait" the Master is Chemistry Richards dated in tavola of the Mims of Memo. Prestett, Grote, and ?mutt, the Luken, for 3,0631., sedate this bask. It 1l•p v. d from a veltimi(out mug of correspondence put in swots, that in lieiff, Mr. James Hansen, now out of t h e CULtarT, had a large claim against parties in Sydney, for whet he employed the be , It to obtain payment. In 1842 1- a•s:ved the debt to Mums. Prescott, in respect of ad 'stele due to them. Put of the money wu paid, but in lath the directors pleaded inability to meet the remaining demeed.. Anima were afterwards brought against tour elmetholders in the compaay, but these actions have become stated under the WmOiag-up Att. The cflicial manager trodeted the buois of the beak, is which the debt is treated t debt due to itetre. Prescott, in answer to which it was (attended b. Divers. Faculty end Johnson, solicitors , for gui•-at thaitholders, that M r. B en j am i n B oyd, who rreS. tut,ty revived the many, was the meat of Prescott sad Co.. matt r a power of attorney and deed of ratification, and by which me, unclosed an arnagemarat by way of cos pr,mi.e to 1b46 with that gentlemen in Sydney. His Bo som, on a retsew of the facts, decided limas elm? that Boyd vim tat tondeihpipe, oe instrument, throug= k eificil the beakm sd in Spree, ; whategn Boyd did the did, esd Le ass cottoned is this view, by letters mad titmice lathe coat Lad,, admitting the debt, and, under all the dram. mess, he felt bound to admit the claim es proved. I'ALTIAL bLTIRECTION OF A VlADrer Olt THE W hiltaN••lll •Nii limo/ea JUNCTIOX ILLILWAT.—A 1•01* palson of • beautiful wooden bridge over the MAL. OA weary tf the sea, on the Wbitehans sal Furness Saustioat it•hvoy, was destroyed be tire ow Friday morning last. This , 4 Wie ua e• lid end weil executed nor strtirtion, sad is no "e• tits :ah Inds in 'owls. About GO yards have been destroyed or cut away in eider to 'invest the fire from If reedier. There is • belief that the bridge wu wilfully set L,. to, but uar infonaut elates that he was present et sa al.migatios made oa Saturday LT three magistrates tI lhe 'lnflict, the Rev. J. Jeakiaa, Jobs Pelle, EM., and Captain Svdt, and that thew geatiemen. aft•• Inch "'Tal e " Rabusou I rut hod &NOM', to easfina tae suppoeitiou. The km woo hut discovered by two workmen. sad Ike dots aims virtu, a lugs body of ales with boasts and ropes were set to w'ffif, bet the Rases pitied so feat that it was ••.werst right to cut sway a portion of the bridge to sore the B, it. 1 his wee cleverly done, tad a Rap Wag awls the fire presented from euendiog aloog the bridge. The Anon were so intense that the rails beanie red hot, lad W limes reached the upriekt supports of the „be**. 'IL. tune et tibia Iliste was way seagetileelst. tar bre reached to ev immune Might. Elevens Ewe her C0i1b.04014 an inquiry at the King's Arms, aimagilek 'mu %lock .c appears that there was as sign of the Ire at elites s'eloik on Tbunday slight When Int observed, it Nhod u wiedwaril, sad the amen skis being nest rem 10 show that the fire aismassed ea the 1 •••••:.1 6.1•. Very native *minks' ere boliz na lled• to etio.i tits dunage, and it le hoped that the will be itlik to pass OTal the 'midge in about a week or tea days. ZOt Zoom. The Qs's% sad Priam Albert walked yesterdey is the gardens of Essidaskaa Pals o. Pease Albert sad the Time of Preasia, attended by Col. Beaverle sad Coast Charles is Oahe, rode eat ea ameba& a/tames. Prime Albert, attended by Chel. Ranee* ikltad th. Doke aad Daiwa of Clessbelips yeelonley et Oestalip Meseo. Tb. Pisa a Wale, ettesami by Mr. Direly isek a eta Awe dd.* yesterday. Tb. !assess Royal, the Prioress AU... Use* Alfred, tad she "wafer aesthete of the Royal tautly. took that seesstessed nada yesterday is the prase of tie ashes. Oel. Beek* hes vellesel ad. the ILA. Charles Carey is W amiss is she Igetity in Walden to her bleiatty. Orders were given lest eveniag from Buckingham li - pelt* for • easnage to be in reediaeie to away her Majesty to the Royal Italian Opera House, but atrust eine o'clock it was intimated to the sutheritin that in eoasequesee of a usewage that had heat reetive4 ben Whitehali- erdeee dist were uaravrisiabie 'peplum bed bees observed by the writers! attendee'.; the seesaw; imatnseleas were dis patched to the theatre sad staliaa house, swim that her Majesty would not be pressat at the opera. His Royal Highness the Prince of Prussia, at tended by Count Reerman Packke, Liege: General de Lingering, and Comas Owings Gotta, laseeoursel tie per orsasaeo M the Royal Malian Opera Rouse with his pre sence bud evening. A Cab:net Council was held yesterday afternoon at the Porting .Mee. The ministers present were Lord J he Rummell. the Marquis of Lustowng, the Earl of Miner, 8 r thous Grey. Wrenn% Palmerston ' Ral Grey. the Cesnitellog ot the Raoheture, Sir Francis Baring, 81 , John Hotshot's*. the Rarl of Carlisle, the Right Ron. Huey Lebo, cher', ant the Right Ron. FJI Aisle. The econacil simisibled at haltpast two and wt until a quarter beton live o'cleek. Mr. Maansell. M.P., had an interview with the o%l'2lw:two, the Ezeltagior yesterday at hie official mei &nee in Dlereintg-street. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial OS • tram the Lard High COMllliitiOlal of the Luisa Islaads. LPTOollast night's Giastit.) WHITEHALL, JOLT 2.—Ao address of congratala ries from the mayor, aldermen, ate , of Southampton, to the (Isom, on the birth of isnotb..r Prince, having been trananaittini to the Right Hos. the Secretary of thaw for the 111.nais Department, for prreentation, was pransatad weir& inlay to her Majesty, who was pleased to receive the sage wry wraciou.ly. Also from the mayor, aldermen, &c., of Draeford, transmitted by the mayor. LORD CHAMBERLAIN'S-On - WK.—Notice is given that her Majesty will bold a levee at 81. James's Palm, this day, at two o'clock. LORD CHAMBIRLAIR'S-OFTICE.— Notice is given that her Majesty will boll a drawing room, at St. James's Palace. on Tuesday, the 9 h of July neat, at too o'clock. COMMISSIONS SIGNED ST THE LORD Lincvntrawr Or FORFAILIIIIIRIL—Vissosat Doman, M P., Licut-Colonel 'he Hon. Lasderdale Meal*, Hon. Hamilton Daman, Hoe. William Masks, to be depatplienteasata. THE DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL. The anxiety exhibited to learn the contents of the last bulletin, which appeared in psterday's Ezpresr, was so great, that when the servant was seen leaving the mansion with it a perfect rush of the crowd to the gates took place, and the policeman in attendance was compelled to read it aloud for the in formation of the parties present. During tbs afternoon, the crowd increseed so much, that additional officers were sent to preserve order, and a copy of the bulletin was furnished to a consta ble stationed at the entrance of Whitehall-gardens, in order to enable him to answer inquiries in Whitehall, and thus lessen the pressure of the crowd near the =rain. _ _ _ The Earl and Ciente.' of Jersey, the Dean of Wor cester, Col. Peel, M.P., Lady Foyer, the Dowager Lady Henley, and other nr.mbera of the family, call.d several times during the thy. None but the nearest relatives entend the mansion, all others contenting themselves with making inquiries at the ga:es. The grief exhibited by all at the answers conveyed to them told too plainly what small hopes were enter tained by the medical attendants. The Countess of Jersey and Lady Clementina Villiers were deeply affected at the intelligence conveyed to them at 6 o'clock by Col. Peel. At half-put 6 o'clock the following bulletin was i.sued : . . Sir Robert Peel is much exhausted ; and altogether not so well as he elas co the early part of the day.—July 2, 1830, half past e p.m. . After this time instructions were given to admit no person within the gates except the Bishop of Gibraltar, that reverend prelate having been sent for shortly previous by Sir Robert's desire. The Bishop of Gibraltar arrived shortly before eight o'clock, and was admitted to the presence of the right hon. baronet with whom he remained for nearly en hour. Sir Robert at this time became very much worse, and all the members of his family were intro duced to take a last leave of their re vered parent. We believe that Lady Peel was reduced to well a state of mind from excessive grief and watching that it was not thought advisable to ac quaint her ladyship with the approaching dissolution of her husband lest the shock might prove greater than she could bear. Viscount Hardinge had arrived in Whitehall gardens some time before, and joined Lord Vil liers at d Mr. Dawson and all the other members of the family at the bedside of his afflicted friend. Sir James Graham, the constant political and private friend of Sir Robert, had been sent for, and was also admitted to an interview with the right hon. baronet, who, with the exception of occasional wanderings, re tained his sensibility until within a very short period of his death. At nine minutes after eleven o'clock, Sir Robert Peel breathed his last, in the presence of nearly all the members of his family, of whom he had taken an afftctionate leave only a short time previonaly. Intelligence of the melancholy event was immedi ately forwarded to Buckingham Palace, and by elec tric telegraph to several family connexions of the right honourable baronet resident in the country. Sir Itibert Peel expired in the dining•room of his mansion, from which apartment be has not been re moved since his arrival at home after the accident. The career of the statesman whose death we this day record affords another instance of a man spring ing from the ranks of the people to occupy the high est position in the country that an English subject may enjoy. The father of Sir Robert Peel was, as is well known, one of the enterprising men who helped to lay the foundation of our present enormous and important cotton manufacture; and who, whilst esta blishing a channel for the employment of thousands of his fellow countrymen, won for himself a princely fortune. He was born in 1750, and in 1773 embarked in a cotton factory at Bury, in Lancashire, in partnership with a Mr. Yates, whose daughter he afterwards married. In fourteen years—so rapidly wee money made by cotton spinning in those days—he had amused enough to purchase a large landed estate in Yorkshire, to which he subsequently added others in Staffordshire and Warwickshire. At Tamworth, then falling into de cay, he set up an extensive factory, and, by restoring its business activity, and giving employment to its inhabitants, gained political influence, which afterwards secured him the seat for that borough —a seat subs eq uently I l=on by his eon. When the fi rst Fnch • re broke out, Mr. Peel, the father, was Wild to regard the principles of its pro- NAN§ with favour, but the excesses and hoe , von that subsequently set in turned his opinions, and he steadily supported Mr. Pitt durirg the war — so steadily, indeed, that when, in 1797, voluntary contributions were asked towards the support of the expense of the campaign, he and his partner gave no less than 10,0001. in one sum. He had, it is said, at that time in his employment, and relying on the wages he paid, no less than 15,000 persona, towards whom ho exercised a benevolent regard, limiting the hours of labour of the young, and providing the means of edu cation for such as were willing to avail them selves of such advantages. When invasion of the country wee spoken of Mr. Peel contributed towards the formation and support of the Lancashire fencibles, and he raised,chiedly from among his own workmen,six oompanies of volunteers—the Bury Loyal Volunteers —of whom he was the lieutenant.oolonel. Bach patriotic serv:oes, added to the consideration of his great wealth, gained for him in 1801 a baronetcy. In parliament he often spoke upon questions of trade and manufactures; he advocated the union with Ire land, and hsd strong opinions on the curreno_y— opinions, it may bo remarked, opposed to those after wards put forward and carried into effect by his SOIL THE • EXPRESS,• WEDNESDAY The late Ms Robert Peel, the sub t lest et this DOCIIIN was bent en the sth of Peltreary, 1788. lalteritim his father's talents and aptitude for bluing's, be Ind all the super-added advantages of an early, sound, and eomplete education. He was first seat to Harrow, where be was form-fellow with Byron. The poet, in a letter since published by Tom Moore, says There were always greet hopes of Pool amongst as all, masters and scholars, and he has not disappointad them. Asa scholar he was greatly my supencr a declaimer and sa actor I was reeltosed at least his equal ; as a schoolboy, eat of wheal I wu always in ursine and he never, and in school he always knew his lesson and I rattly." Frem Harrow the future statesman went to the University of Oxford, where he entered u a gentleman commoner of Christ Church. The qualities he evinced at his public ichool west with him to his college. He displayed the same application and proficiency that had distinguished him at Harrow, and took a first-class degree both in mathematics and chunks. No sooner had he taken Ws degree than hie father secured for him a seat in parliament, and he was returned, in his 21st year, for Cashel. Upon taking his seat, he adopted the political party of his father, and spoke and voted with the Tory party. He at once displayed great capabilities foe debate, and made several speeches of great promise. He spoke without any hesitation, and with taste, clearness, and discretion. Indeed, so highly did mi nisters regard his talents, that in 1810 he was chosen to second the address to the throne on the opening of the session; and in the same year hi wit' appointed Under-St orstary of State for the Colonies. The rfficial career thus commecced, and fated to lead to the highest offices of the state, did not linger on its early stages. From as Under-Secretaryship in Downing-street Mr. Peel was promoted in 1812 to the onerous post of Chief Sre-e -tary for Ireland during the Viceroyship of the Duke of Richmond. In this position he soon displayed capabilities for administration, and detecting one great deficiency in the social arrangements of the sister country he brought in a bill, subsequently carried, for establishing the Irish constabulary force—a corps which has since bean of the greater crevice. The success of this experiment in Ireland subsequently suggested the embodiment of a similar force in this country; and had the deceased baronet done nothing she he would beg be remembered, bath in England and Ireland, as the originator of our present system of police. Having changed his constituency from Cashel to Cnippenham, he sat for a few years for the latter borough, when a vacancy occurring, in 1817, in the representation of the University of Oxford, upon the elevation of Abbot to the peerage, his Alms Mater paid him the great compliment of electing him to fill the vacancy. Having resigned the Irish secretaryship, he had more leisure for taking a prominent part in the dimensions of the English parliament ; and on the 17th of January, 1822, his diligent and talented support of hie party was rewarded. Lard Std mouth having retired on that day, Poet was appointed Secretary of State fet the Homo Department, a past which he held till the ad vent of Canning, in 1827. When Canning became premier, Peel and some of his colleagues resigned, but the death of that minister occurring in Augu t of the same year, caused another change in the position of parties. The Duke of Wrllington being called to the cone eels of the king in the ennui -g January, 1828, Peel was once more in place u home secretary, and held that. important post during the troublesome period that preceded the dissolution of the tory minietrr in 1830. Before he took office with the Duke of Wel lington, he had staunchly opposed catholic emancipa tion, uit became an university representative in old tory dap to do, but he entered upon his official career in 1828 knowing that the Duke meant to grant relief to the catholic.. His voice ; red his vote being used against his old friends of the "no popery party, " and in favour of political prog us, gave mortal offence to many of his supporters. In vain he declared that his feelings on the subject remained as they had been, but that emancipation " could not any longer be safely withheld." Oxford would have him no longer; he was opposed and belteu by Sir Robert Harry Inglis, and compelled to find his war into parliament through the convenient borough of Wewbury. The memorable three days of July, 1830, that gave Liuie Philippe a throne, lent an impu!se to Europe which, amongst other things, turned the twin cnec more out of office in England, and let in the whigs to carry . the Reform Bill. Sir Robert served his party during the debates on this measure by speaking long and frequently and cleverly in favour of rotten bo• roughs, and against the proposed changes in our representative system. But in vain. The people were in earnest, and the long required changes were made. Whilst these political contests were in prpers, Sir Robert Peel, the father, died, leaving his son to suc ceed to the baronetcy, and to an amount of property that rendered him one of the wealthiest commoners iu England. On his parent's demise he gained also the seat for Tamworth, which he occupied till his death. In 1834 Earl Spencer died, Lord Althorp resigned, the Melbourne ministry was broken up, and the Duke of Wellington was again sent for. Sir Robert Peel was at the time in Italy with his family seeking amusement and the improvement of his health. The duke, by this time, seems to have fully appreciated the value of the absent statesman to the conserva tive party, for he despatched, at once, a mes senger to offer Sir Robert the Premiership. The crowning point of his official ambition was gained. He returned to England, formed a ministry, and dissolved the parliament. Peel was now to show his quality as a statesman. He had his choice of colleagues, and many favour able circumstances for his great experiment. He had secured a reputation for official apti tude, for power in debate, and for services as a law reformer. He had, moreover, taken very decided stepe by his bill of 1819, and in other ways, for influencing the currency and mone tary arrangements of the country. In executive go vernment, in legislatorial conflict, in the modification of our jurisprudential system, he had made hie in fluence felt throughout the country. The country was now more than ever in his hands, and the people looked on with natural solicitude to know what the new conservative minister would do. It was on the 9th of February, 1835, that the new parliament assembled. In this parliament Sir It. Peel's government was beaten on more than one question. Oa the Bth of April, he and his colleagues resigned, and the whip returned to power, which they retained until 1839, but with gradually dimi nishing majorities. until at length they were virtually defeated on the Jamaica Bill, and retired from office. This was in 1838. Sir R. Peel was once more en trusted with the task of forming a ministry. This is perhaps the most inglorious episode of his public life. If his former efforts to carry on the go vernment were ineffectual. he had at least made the endeavour to sustain himself, and only fell through the instrumentality of an adverse House of Commons. But on this occasion he never completely formed his ministry, not because he distrusted the country, or feared the opposition of the popular branch of the legislature, but because he was not to be at liberty to change not only the Queen's cabinet, bat also the Queen's household. The celebrated bedchamber plot is yet too fresh in the minds of most men to require any detailed notice here. It ap peared that Sir Robert fancied that the Queen had given him the most ample authority to surround her both in her political and domestic capacity, with par ties of his choosing, and submitted a list to her Majesty containing the names of an entirely new household. The Queen was surprised at the propo- ' sition, and intimated her disinclination to let political changes reach her in her domestic relations. Bat Sir Robert was inexorable, and insisted upon the proposed changes in the household, not as a domestic but as a political necessity. Not succeed ing in his object, he earns down to the House of Com mons, and informed the representatives of the peop'm that he had abandoned the intention of forming a cabi net, on the ground that he had had the misfortune to misunderstand the wishes of her Majesty on a matter of great importance. Sir Robert was again in oppo sition, having on this occasion abandoned the Trea sury bench ere he had scarcely taken possession of it, on grounds which some affected to regard as good, but which others treated as a mere pretext for relinquishing office, at a time when it was inconvenient in a party point of view to accept it. The apologists of his conduct, on this occasion, find it necessary to magnify the political influence of the immediate personal attendants upon her Majesty and EVENING; JULY 3, ' 1810. imam 81r Rehert for not teeming a ministry, on the mere that a few whir lodise at court would have bean more than a meta for the cabinet at Whitehall. It was thin that, after a brief succession, the whip lessee more resumed their places en the tressory bench, which, with hot few interruptions, they had enjoyed sines 1831. They serried on the government with no very great credit to themselves till 1841, when a new crisis in political affairs was approaching, a crisis which soon afterwards burst upon the country, and expelled them from office. In the year 1839, • new, and in every respect a novel power, arose in the state. Nothing mould be humbler or more obscure, It.. promising or more forlorn than the circumstances under which the And-Corn-law League was unbend into being, and dragged through the first year or two of its existence. To some extent, men's minds were rips for the discussion of the great issue which it put before the country; but It. chief mission was to ripen 'them still more, until, at length, it so far succeeded in lite task, that Sic Robert himself became one of its pnpiLti despite the influences of bis early education and political predilections. The League did not at first strike as boldly as it afterwards did. So direct an attack upon the landlord party as was in volved in a proposal foe a total repeal of the corn law., was not at first contem plated by it. It was only after it bad learnt to feel its way, and found that the question was one which promised to evoke all the energies and en thusiasm of the industrial classes, tbat the bold and unexpected announcement was made, that the C .un cil of the Ltsuae had resolved to go fer nothing short of " total, immediate, and unconditional repeal.'' England wag startled, and no wander, far even Man chester recoiled fur a time from a propasal which seemed to be as audacious as it was pronounced to be impolitic. It was a critical moment in the history of the League. Many men, in the great Capital of Labour itself. who afterwards stood forward as its most strenuous t•cpporters and who subscribed their thousands and tens of th ousands to promote its success, hung back for the moment, and meditated deserting, if not ac tnelly opposing, it. But the traders of the body bad acted, not without a certain degree of foresight—the cletrnees of which after-events to some extent justi fied—for it most not be forgotten that although tho principles of the League were seen in the end to triumph, the speed with which their triumph was secured was greatly attributable to circumstances which the _League b ad not the credit of originating, and which it had not the power to control. The whigs had discernment enough to perceive in 1841 that a sufficient change had been wrought in the public mind in reference to this subject to neceesitate some legislative movement with respect to it. They were all the more disposed to contemplate some snob movement, from the chance which it afforded them of retrieving their dceperate fortune,. They were once more, as • ministry, in the agonies of dissolution, when their unfortunate budget, with its alarming deficit, gave the coup de grrice to their administration. They did not on this occasion, how ever, follow the vulgar precedent of resigning. They dissolved parliament, not the cabinet, and appealed to the country. The general election was contested on a variety of issuee. The whigs were arraigned, in connexion with their whole policy, at the bar of pub lic opinion. But it was their position with respect to the corn duties, which raised the chief .issue on which the contes:turnet. Previously to this Sir Robert Peel had been regarded as the bead of the °arty designating itself conservative, as contradis tirguished to the progress party, representel by the wings, and nicknamed destructive' by its opponents. But, in 1841, during the electoral contest in question, he appeared in a new character, as the head of the country party, against the great industrial party, whtch was then organizing, and the principles of which have since culminated in the abstraction known as the Manchester school. The old political watchwords were forgotten in the confict which was now waged on economic grounds. Protection and Free Trwle met face to face on the electoral !Reid, and although political considerations were not overlooked, that battle was chitfly fought between three antagonist systems. In this first p.tch.d battle between them, Free Trade was worsted, f.nd the Whigs, in the autumn of ISII, met a parlia ment in which there was a majority of nearly 100 against them. As soon as they made this discovery, they resigned, and Sir Robert Peel, the incarnation of the victorious principle, the champion of the col.ntry party, and the leader of the conservatives, was once more summoned to form an administration. From the manifestoes which he uttered, and the speeches which he delivered, as well as from the form in which the issue between the two parties went to the country, it could not be doubted that Sir Robert acceded to power as the avowed enemy of free trade and the de clared protector of the corn laws. Strange that he should so soon afterwards take the most prominent part in abolishing the one, and ensuring the perma nent triumph of the other! No one appreciated better than did Sir Robert the I value of a political cry at an election ; but no one was less disposed to let that which was bat a mere cry, after the contest was over, interpose between his glvernment and such a line of policy as his own discern ment of the exigency of the times might point out as necessary. Ile soon perceived that the pressure from without, to which the whigs had yielded, and for yielding to which they had been driven from office, was not to be altogether resisted. Either Sir Hobert was himself not yet sufficiently advanced upon the question to concur in the propriety of a fixed duty of any amount, or he did not think that the time was propitious for entertaining such a proposition. But something must be done. The sliding scale had become odious ton large section of the people for various reasons. It was objected to, in the first place, by those who were opposed in kilo to dutieslon corn—in the next, by such as charged it with producing the very fluc tuations in prices, the prevention of which was one of its avowed objects ; and, lastly, by those who, even admitting its correctness, in point of principle, re garded its range as far 100 great, and the scale of duties, which it imposed, as excessive. To meet the views of those first alluded to was impossible —to admit the propositions of the next class of objectors would have been to aban don the favourite sliding scale in point of prin ciple, whilst to meet the views of the last clued objectors might conciliate without abandoning the principle of the scale. Neither the ministry nor the parliament which called it into existence was a year old, when the leader of the country party himselt proposed a modification of the sliding scale. The principle was carefully and ostentatiously ad hered to, but the general scale of duties from the pioop h s it as est to the lowest w reduced. The certainly excited the suspicions of the country gentlemen, and some of them went even so far as to prognosticate what has since happened. They were, however, reasoned into yielding, which they did, under the belief that by yielding a little to an obvious pressure, they would be all the stronger in their new position. This saved the premier from that odium which he would otherwise have incurred. He was aided not a little, too, by the pride of his fol lowers, many of :whom, although with wry faces, went with apparent cheerfulness along with him, lest it should be for a moment supposed that they had been betrayed or even taken by surprise. The gain made by the industrial classes, so far from satisfying them, only showed that the sliding smile was not in vulnerable, and they were not long in discovering their appetite for still further change*. The pressure was thus continued, notwithstanding the concession which had been made, and it was obvious that, under the auspices of the league, which was drily gaining new power, that pressure was becoming . greater and greater. This gave serious uneasiness to the country party, an uneasiness which frequently lapsed into suspicion and distrust of their chief. That sus picion and distrust became more confirmed, an rumours became rife that his views were in a state el, transition, respecting the whole Rolicy of the corn laws. At length the feelings, which had been peat up for some time, found vent in expressions—and the premier was more than once pointedly interrogated as to his views and intentions respecting the sliding scale. To these interrogatories ha returned answers , which, for the time at least, allayed apprelisn , sion on the part of the landlords. About the close of the session of 1844, Sir Robert most posi tively disclaimed any intention on the part of the , government to disturb the settlement of 1842. The , squires took him at his word—his declaration indi cating what were at the time, no doubt, the real views of the government. The agitation for free trade, however, progressed out of doors, and was not long of producing fruits in parliament. Shortly after the opening of the ses sion of 1845, the government, with Sir Robert as its mouthpiece, proposed . one of the mast sweeping alterations in the tariff of the °matey that has ever been effected. The proposal did not touch the great question then at issue between him and the League, but the country was nevertheless taken by sarpriee at the boldness and comprehensive character of his measure. It was a decided advance towards free trade—an avowed homage paid to its principles. Hundred. of articles were swept from the list of dutiable article,, and hundreds of imposts, some of them in significant, but all of them vexation., sacri ficed to the rising political divinity. In some cases, the duties were only modified, in others they were totally repealed. The latter was the case with respect to gloss and auctions. This was a new and a still ruder blow to the confidence of the country party in their leader. They now began to see that they had been duped, and had the mortifica'ion of seeing that their opponents were aware that they thought so. Their secret suspicions bad already broken out into bitter complaints, and Sir Robert had, in 1845, a foretaste of the malignity with which he was hunted from office in 1846. In pro- portion Si his own party lost con fi dence in him, did he win the confidence and inspire the hopes of the friends and promoters of economic reforms; and be fore the first year of famine, thin" were many, and those not the most sanguine, who already looked to Sir Robert Peel as the man whose mission it was to sweep the corn laws from the statute-beok. He was frequently questioned during the session as to his intentions with regard to the corn laws. His answer was invariably that it was not in contemplation to interfere with them. But however much members in the house might be pacified by such assurances Old Bond-street was not to be quieted. The country . party had now resolved itself into the protectionist party, the main ob ject of which was to keep up the price of all agricul ture products, by exempting them from foreign com petition. This party did not limit its vi , ws to corn, and what confidence, as regards corn, could it be pected to have in a minister who proposed to admit to the disadvantaues of competition British cattle, beef, lard, grease, butter, cheese, &c. ? Before the famine of 1845 precipitated the crisis which soon afterwards ensued, the breach between Sir Robert Peel and a considerable section of his party wu vir tually complete. The famine, which occurred in the autumn of that year, opened op a very gloomy prospect for the country. The article cf food, on which a large part of the United Kingdom almost solely depended, had nearly perished through the influences of an unknown and mysterious dimes , . The cereal crops were also short, and the prices of the necessaries of life were high and still tending rapidly upwards—a state of things, the evils of which were aggra vated by partial and precarious employment for the labouring classes. It was under these circumstances that the nation was called upon seri ously to contemplate the propriety of keeping its ports any longer almost hermetically sealed against the admission of foreign grain. An agitation ensued throughout the country, remarkable alike for its spon taneity, its universality, and the absence of party strife which characterised it. Meetings were held in ali the large and small industrial towns of the empire, at which resolutions were passed, praying the government to open the ports and relieve the nation from its sufferings, present and prospective, by the timely admission f foreign supplies. These meet ings were the simple remit of the crisis. They were attended by men of all shades of political opinion, whilst the deputations appointed to carry the resolu tions to the government were composed of toriee, whigs, conservatives, and radic As, without distinc tion of party. The meetings in quesion were not the result of any manceuvre on the part of the League. Indeed the leaders of that powerful organisation purposely and wisely kept aloof from them, lest they should be connected with the League, and thus lose much of the effect which they would otherwise produce. It was at this time that the leaders of the great political parties had a new light dawn upon them with respect to the corn laws. Lord John Russell was spending part of the recess at Edinburgh, from whence he indited his celebrated letter to his constituents in London, an nouncing his adhesion to the League. On the very night on which that letter was furnished to the public papers the good people of Leeds were thrown into costae,' by a letter which wee read, at a great meeting held there to petition for the opening of the ports, from Lord Mor peth, announcing his conversion, and containing his subscription to the funds of the League. Ore of the great parties in the state was thus, as it were, irre trievably committed to the principle.; of the League. If report spoke truly, Sir Robert Peel had already been a convert to free-trade doctrines. The state of the country and the agitation which was convulsing it from one end to the other, were of them selves sufficient to induce him to resolve upon some very decided step to meet the exigencies of the cri-is. It is not unlikely that the course taken by the whig leaders had some effect upon the decision at which he arrived. One morning in December the country was informed that the Peel cabinet was at an end. The ministers left town for Osborne, and re turned as private individuals to London. Lord John Russell, now a declared free trader and corn-law re pealer, was sent for by the Queen on Sir Robert's re commendation. Tee point on which the Peel cabinet split was the opening of the ports. Lord Stanley, then secretary for the colonies, headed the opposition, and ministers placed their resignations in the hands of her Majesty. The whip did not succeed in forming a government. Personal disputes prevented them from completing their cabinet, and they did well, perhaps, in shrink icg from facing the difficulties without, when dis sensions were weakening them within. After a week spent in vain efforts to reconcile differences, Lord John abandoned the task, and Sir Robert Peel was once more reinstated in the post which, on this occa sion, be can scarcely be considered to have quitted. Speculation was now rife as to the policy which the restored minister would pursue. That he medi tated nothing short of the proposal which broke up his cabinet was evident from the reconstruction which it underwent. Lord Stanley kept aloof, :and Mr. Gladstone was elevated to the head of the colo nial department. People were perplexed, however, when they saw the Duke of Wellington once more supporting the cabinet, seeing that it was well known that he had sided with Lord Stanley before the dissolution of the previous administration. This was afterwards explained in a characteristic manner by the gallant duke. For a time, however, it seemed to enshroud the intentions of the minister in considerable mystery; and it was not until shortly after the opening of the session of 1840 that the country was made fully aware of the principles on which he had reconstructed his cabinet. He then formally announced his intention, not of modi fying, but of entirely repealing, the corn laws. From that moment he became the object of unceasing attack, unsparing invective, and bitter re proach from those wko complained that he had abused their confidence and betrayed them. All this be bore, however, with the equanimity and fortitude of a philosop_her. He had a double conviction to sustain him. He was convinced that no measure short of that proposed by him would meet the exigency of the times, and also that the principles on which that measure was hosed were sound. He re solved that they should thenceforth be the car dinal principles of the commercial policy of the country. The opposition was strong. bitter, and not ill-conducted, but after • protracted discussion, the policy of the Premier triumphed in both Houses of Parliament. The corn laws were for ever abolished, and free trade was solemnly inau gurated as the cardinal policy of the country; and all through the instrumentality of ono who, but five years before, had been elevated to power to maintain the one and check the progress of the other. Sir Robert was for but a brief time in office after this. A coalition of whigs and protectionists drove him from power on the Irish Coercion Bill. Lord John Russell was again sent for. From that time down to the occurrence of the fatal accident, which has just terminated in his death, Sir Robert Peel, although not in power, could scarcely be said to be in opposition. Through all their tria ls and difficulties he has given a constant and a gene eons support to the whip, even when their measures were of a nature akin to the very measure on which, in league with the protectionists, they had expelled him from power. The constancy and the utility of the support thus given them were handsomely ad mitted by Lord John Russell, in his spook on Friday night last—the noble lord, at the same time, doing the right bon. baronet the justice of adding, that Ma support had been given them in a way at once so courteous and so gracious as not to make it appear that he entertained the thought for a moment that he was their main prop, and in reality the arbiter of their fortunes. Little did the whig Premier think that he was then dictating the political epitaph of his great and generous rival. It is pleasing to reflect upon the courtesies which pained between him and his old opponents during this the last debate in which he was destined to bear a part. In the speech which he delivered on Friday night, whilst opposing the policy of Lord Palmer ston, be passed the highest encomium upon the talents and masterly abilities of the Fort ign Minister, characterising him as a man of whom England had every reason to be proud. We cannot but regret that his last vote should, in our apprehension, have been a mistaken one, and that a man who had done so much for the good of mankind, and from whom so much more was expected, should have, as his lest political act, recorded kis condemnation of a policy, with the maintenance of which the liber ties of mankindare so intimately identified. This is not the place in which to speculate upon the results of the lamentable event which has deprived the country at this crisis of one of the most illustrious of its FOOS, either upon the fortunes of parties, or the general interests of the country. Sir Robert Peel has expired at the age of 62. But for the melancholy accident which resulted in hie death, the country might have for many years to come enjoyed the advantage of hie experience and counsels. lie occupied a seat in parliament for 41 years. He was the master-spirit of the house, thoroughly ac quainted with all its springs of action, and knowing when and how to touch them. Without being less of a debater, he was m,re of the orator than Lord John Russell—his speeches always evincinz a comprehen sive grasp of his subject, and a wmderful command of details. By his untimely death the country has &en de prived of a statesman of the highest order, a great financier, an excellent administrator, and latterly a sincere and ardent political economist. Sir R. Peel was married on the Bth of Jar.e, 1820, to Julia, the youngest daughter of General Sir John Floyd, and had issue five sons and •wo daughters. One son has enjoyed diplomatic employment, a second is in the navy, a third in the Scots Fusilier Guards, a fourth occupies a place in parliament. One of Sir Robert's el +lighters was married in Jelly, 1841, to Viscount Villiers, eldest son of the Earl of Jersey. The author of the " Peerage " finds fur Sir Robert Peel a long pedigree: a better claim for respect and a greater chance for his memory is to be found in his service rendered to political progress by his votes for Catholic Emancipation and Corn-law Repeal. SIR 11. PEEL AND MR. P. WARD.—NoY. 21, 1819.—" Walked with Peel. Ile asked how I .bought we were so to strength in the house? I said very strong. ' But, added he, 'shall we have any of the whits ? They mean, I understand, to rally on the dismissal of Lard Fitz minim.' I said I thought that signified lit:le—that then seemed a great reaction, and the aoyal population pnpon dented ten to one. ' True,' said he, but don't you thick tht public opinion among the lower o•ders has watrgone change within these few years as to the constitution of parltantrat f' Peel thought Runt a clever fe:low. Not so I."—Life of Pitman Ward, quoted from Quarterly. DEATH OF MR. R. I). BROWNE, M.P. It is with much regret we annour.ca the demise of Mr. Robert Dillon Browne, M.P. for the county of Mayo, which took place on last Monday morning, about ten o'c:ock. The hon. gentleman was in the enjoyment of his usually excellent health until Friday last, when premonitory symp toms of gout developed themselves. On that ev,ming, con trary to the advice of his medical odsio, to, he attended in his place in the House of Commons for the pur?ose of re cording his vote in favour of Lord PAtnerstou's foreign policy, and there is little doubt that the ex itement and ex posure to cold necetaarily consequent on that step tended to aggravate the illness with which he wao threatened. On the following day he was Wald with a viol-nt attack of gout in the head, which terminated fatally, as altenly ,tated. Mr. Browne was an accomplished classical scholar and n Tellable speaker. Asa popular orator he had fe to.:eri:ro, and, although be spoke but s Ideal in toe H eve f C ,mmons, he seldom failed to command auctith.a n• 1 respect. Mr. Browne was first el.xted in 1536, vi^e the It eht Hon. Dominick Browne, created Lard Oraomore, and during the long per:ad that tia represented his native county, bis votes were given undevi %tin:ly in support of the principles of c:ril and la ligious tr. •elcm. Fur some time preview to his death he was busily ' , gaged in assert ing his claims to the dormant Irish peerage of RMCOI7IOIOI3. Mr. Browne was in the 39:h p:1. of his age. THE SCOTTISH FE TE.-SECOND DAY. The sports and pastimes comprised in this fete were repeated yesterday in Lord Holland's park, at Not ting-hill, and with a degree of suet• ss, commensurate with the national importance of the undertaking. We have already alluded to the objects for which this entertainment was originally designed, and to the means which have bun adopted to carry it into effect. In the games of throwing the hammer, putting the stone, and toirqug the caber some very extraordinary feats were performed, and towards the latter part of the day several amateurs took an opportu nity of testing their qual!fications for thee. Herculean sports. Mr. Gordon Cumming (" the lion hunter of South Africa ") was amongst the gentlemen who essayed their powers on this occasion, and the strength he displayed in throwing the hammer was such as to surprise even those who had been most accustomed to achievements of this nature...l The interest which was created on the first day of the flee respecting the probable results of a combat, in which the sword and target were opposed to the hr yonet, had in no degree subsided, and several bouts again took place under the directorship of Mr. IL It. Milan, who, it appeared, had been the means of bringing forward this new species of war like antagonism. Whatever might be the effect produced in a body of armed men by a conflict between the sword and the bayonet, it was pretty evident from the single combats that the swordsman had an advantage over the wielder of the bayonet. In this and the various other performances which may be comprised in the exercise of fencing several Englishmen stood forward as competitors, and there was no Scotchmen present who did not admit that their efforts were well worthy of a fete in which " assaults at arms " were amongst the mere paramount amusements. In the evening the directors of the fete and the competitors for the prizes assembled at a grand banquet at the Freema sons' Tavern, Great Queen-street, L'lmeltes.inn•fields, Sir Evan Mackenzie of Kdixty, in the chair. An entertainment we. provided for 250 guest?, but owing, perhaps, to the fatigue undergone by many penal' who had taken part in the ac tive business of the fife, the company amounted to less than half that number. foie fact, however, did not check the enthusiasm of the Highlanders, and ss the night advanced the wild excitement which is peculiar to Scotchmen on these festive occasions increased to a most deafening extent. The sound of the bagpipes, the confused noises of the guests, in termingled with those strange notional cries which can scarcely be appreciated in this southern clime, produced an effect such as will be remembered by those who may wish to preserve any reminiscences of the Scottish Fee. The most extraordinary part of the musical entertainment consisted in a series of performances by seven fiddlers, who executed a variety of Scotch airs, with a degree of earnest ' nest which made considerable amends for the want of har mony displayed. The usual loyal toasts were drunk on the oocuion, and the chairman proposed " Prosperity to the t Scottish Society of London," saying that the national Rte had commenced under men auspices that he trusted lb. fair prospect they heel of continued success might not be overcast. He did not doubt that the occurrences of tostloy would be repeated for many years to come, and with equally favourable results. He trusted that perfect unanimity would be preserved amongst the members of the Scottish Society, and that their motto would ever be t. shoulder to shoulder." (Cheers.) No one could have witnessed the various feats of strength, skill, and agility which bad been displayed during the two days of the pea without being convinced that the object of this national undertaking was deserving of every eaceuragement and support. Several other touts followed, and it was expected that the prises would in due course be awarded to the successful competimrs. Owing, however, to some cause, which w.is not satisfactorily explained, this put of ,the ceremony was left to be perturbed on a subsequent occasion, and the names of the prisemen were not announced to the company, at least up to a very late period of the evening, when many of the guests took their departure. EXHIBITION OP 1831. The following are the names et the Building Committee. They should have been appended in a not• to the Parliamentary Paper just deli vered, but were accidentally omitted :—Due of Duccleuch. Lord Ellesmere, Mr. C. Bony, Mr. W. k Cubits, Mr. R. Stephenson, Mr. Brunel, Mr. Cockerel!. and Mr. Donaldson. ACCIDENT AT THE HOUSE OF DETENTIOII.—Yea- Orday forenoon an inquest was taken by Mr. T. Wakley, M.P., at the Hones of Detention, Cierkenweil, on Ike body of John Dyu, aged 26, a bricklayer. The demand, on Saturday afternoon, was employed in repairing the venti lating shaft of the prison s when ha had occasion to go into one of the flues communicating from a wing of the building with the 'Malt. The doomed went too far in, and, it being very dark, he could not see his way. He in consequence fell down the flue, a depth of about 26 feet. The alarm was given, and he was immediately removed, not showing goy signs of life. His head was extensively fractured. and his right leg was broken. Verdict. "Accidental death." 1 N 1