The Press. — London, England, 1853-12-10 00:00:00

DECEMBER 10, 1853. attempt to disturb the Government of nutlet' tit tilts pre , .. -tit moment would necessarily recoil on their oo n Iteatas. for France is calm under her present :.overtior. anti owls looks to withstand the dangers which threaten the worla from other quarters." RECENT AMERICAN INVENTIONS. Two recent American inventions have been brought out which have excited very great interest. Talbot's tannelling machine " has been tried, with complete success; and it has been demonstrated that moun tains of primitive stone and the hardest rocks in the earth can be successfully and economically tunnelled by the agency of steam, applied to this new invention. The slow and expensive process of perforating by the drill and blast will be thrown aside. In the trial exreriments the machine, moved by a steam-engine. cut an excavation of sev enteen feet in diameter through the hardest rock at the rate of about three fret in two hours. The process consists in cutting ant crushing the rock by means of rotating discs of steel, in successive series, which describe in their movement segments of circles from the centre to the circumference of the tunnel, with a gradual motion around the common centre ; while the steam-engine is constantly pressing the machinery on a direct line with the axis of the tunnel. The newest and most extraordinary feature of the application of this power consists in the combination of ditlerent sets of discs, which act upon the entire surface to he excavated by a system of gradation perfectly regular, and by a power that is irresistible. The machine, which worked most satisfactorily, is made entirely of iron, and weighs about seventy Jive tons, exclusive of the engine and boiler. One of the most interesting features of the experiment was when the machine began to cut the rock in an oblique direction, for it was observed that those discs or arms which were cutting the stone moved with the seine facility that those did which wore playing in the air. 6 redually the cutters described their curve, the great face-plate of seventeen feet constantly revolved, throwing out WO drawing back its arms with complete regularity, seizing and crushing the rock with irresistible power. Only four men are required to work this machine to the greatest advantage; and two of them confine their attention to the engine which propels it. There is no necessity for suspending the work day or night, except for those intervals when the cutters have to be sharpened, or new ones substituted. The amount of time and expense which is saved by the operation is almost incredible. This machine evidently supplies a want which has been felt in every department of civil engineering. It will revolutionise tho whole system of railway construction, and is regarded as one of time most wonderful inventions of any age. The second invention belongs to a class of con trivances for subaqueous operations, upon which, ever since the days of Fulton the American, ingenuity has been industriously expended. The following description of the new instrument is given by an eye witness of its performance:— The machine is of peculiar construction, being in fact a mechanical nautilus, having the power of a-• cent and descent at will, entirely independent of suspension. In connection with the machine at the surface is a reservoir of condensed air, which, ac cording to depth of water, may contain from 201 b to 1101 h. pressure of air to the square inch. This com pression is produced by a powerful pump, capable of throwing I,ialo cubit, feet of air per hour. By an interior arrangement of tanks, tte., a variable buoyancy may he given to the machine, capable of lifting weights of ten or more tons. It can be held in suspension at any point of ascent or descent ; thus allowing stones to be raised clear from the bottom, then transported and deposited in any precise spot. Movement is made in any direction by a series of three cables and anchors, worked from the inside. Ascent and descent are effected in a most rapid man lier. This facility of descent, change of buoyancy, and power of movement under water, render this ma chine of great value for all submarine purposes. The whole bed of a liver may be explored from bank to bank. Treasure, pearl shells, corals, sponges, and all products under water, may be easily gathered and sent to the surface without requiring the machine to rise. An arrangement of the machine permits the digging of trenches under water, by which telegraph wires and water pipes may be placed below the reach of anchors. I: emulations of piers mny be pre • pared, and then built upon, obviating all cranework for raising or lowering stone, as all work of lifting, nateie.: Oepositine is done by the machine itself. An arrangement is also Inmate for attaching oamels to sunken ships, in order to raise them by ap plying points of support directly to the timbers of the ship. In a word, the power of condensed air, acting as a motor, does the whole work, merely re quiring two men inside and one at the surface to manage it. The dimensions of this machine are eleven feet greatest diameter in the centre, and eight feet at top and bottom : height, eight feet ; opening in bottom to work through, four feet. The descent is attained by moving a single valve; as cent: by MOVillg QM air anti cue water +the. The THE PRESS. safety of this machine is great, as, cutting off the air. pipe, ascent can be obtainea by ►ix ditterent_motte. ili one minute. THE MEMBERS FOIL NORTH WARWICK- suinE. THE animal meeting of the Rugby and Dunchurch Association, held last week in the tanner town, ter minated with a dinner, at which the two members for the northern division of the comity, Messrs. Newdegate and Spooner, were the principal guests. In the course of the evening Mr. t'aldeeott, who officiate] as chairman in the absence. from indispo sition, of Lord .101 m Scott. the president of the association. proposed the health of the honourable members, adding:— " If honesty o f iburissie, great talents, and consistency of principle and action void.' entitle any 11101 to the confidence and respect of a constituency. he war Nitre the representa• tires for North Warwiekshire had that claim. and he hoped the titue woes far distant when this county would lose tin.ir services." The toast was drunk with three times three cheers, and three time `•one cheer more." Mr. Nt:worii ATE was tirA to respond. Ile Tho repi.ated marks of contblonco wllirh ho bail 11 , ceived during the ten ear he hail hail the honour of representing North 11 an ickshire de, ply impressed him with a sense of the kindness of his friends, and of his own wsponsibilit vas one of the representatives of I most in telligont and important enlist it miney. Ile hoped his ttttt ur• able colleague and himself had maintained their consistency by an undeviating adherence to those principles upon which they were returned to Parliament; and their haying done so certainly did afford them sour claim to credit. consider jug the variety of circumstances and the difficulties under which members of Parliament had frepwntly of late years to pursue their public course." The hon. member then proceeded to review, cur sorily, the principal features in the business of the last session of Parliament, remarking that Lord it o ehy's t:overnment had been displaced by a coalition of most opposite politicians. He continued : "If the essence uieonstitutimml government was emu prised in the collision of different opinions, th e n the present Goveniment comprised within itself enough differesnese, set opinion to entitle them to credit as forming a constitutional Government. The Cabinet w as a miniature Parliament, but its mosiabeni appeared to have essille to 11 lul meat 110011611116111, and that was, however much they might ender, never to di% itle. Eventful as the last *elision had proved, it was 1155 W a matter of history. It would fol.& has to light our battiest sever spin. Financially, the session was important ; the tariff hots been reused, in accordance with modern notions of political economy ; we have seen the Chancellor of the. Exchequer make a present , of some :119 N r 1/. a year to the Times, by the redaction Metal). or) sotpplements, for which no one can say that the Timex has been ungrateful ; we have seen the right hon. gentlemen purcluise a renewal of the 111(4411e tax for seven )tsairs by gratifying thos Radical party, t.O V1114114e prejudiers he tam cesoleil the ilopositioli sofa rilleeeliSioll tax upon real property, already burdened with 1.1,01)0,000/. o f 'swat and geitertil tAXlttiUll to which other property doses lost einitrilonte ; we have Well the Chancellor of the Exelospter attempt the conversion of part of the national debt by a measure which has proved no !espial failure than my boon. esollo segue predicted. The recess also Los not boon with o ut its subjects of public interest. Notwithstanding the llussminania of loon' Aber• deer), and the llussiew writing of the 'Timm public opinio n has manifested itself strongly in favour of England waiu tllllllllg what is called the Lettuce of power in Europe—not "estimating this lleoliterninesan to Lel:011ie a Russian, Its in former days she would not allow it to lasetotne. a French, lake. It is lost always, unhappily, the ease that the dietaries of honour used of intesisest point in the ',Mlle direction. That the honour of England is pledged to the defence. of an ally who, Loa fuse )ears faithfully notintainisol the frssdonu serous. overland eummiunication with India, and the freedom of our commerce to the East, not man can doubt ; and he would defy the most inveterate devoitels to p rsunds, ithillhigg, and pence to doulut that the materiel interests of England are deeply pledged to the defence. of Turkey—the 0111 y European' power which has to the full reciprocated the wiliaton liberality of our esuuttwreiul policy. bet the• man of pr) ha. shillings, and pence but east his eyes down the tariffs of Russia and Turkey, he will find that. while. the duties imposed by Russia upon our principal articles of s••.- port vary from 1111 to 100 per neut., upon all these Turkey levies duties of about three per cent., and will utiolewstanol the reason why the declares' value of our exports to litismiso, after having for years declined, have fallen by half, from 2,1t41,1911. in ltd!! to 1,111111,11171. in 1851—a value not espial to that of the 7:1:1,7:04 quarters eof wheat, at :'Os. per quar ter, which we took from Russia in that year of abundance, while she took no produce or niantaftwturea of entre in re tuna for all the tallow, latrine, and other merchandise she bent us; he will unolerstatool why our expt•rta to Turkey and her desposiolelocies. Syria and Palestine. Moldavia used Wallachia, have increased by a third since Pet 6 ; awl if he need an indication of what Russia will do with respect to our voteinseree, if she succeed in °Mai ii i l cominanol of the commercial Recess to the VIVA of the Metliterrllliellll, he may find it in the futile remonstrances suldressed to the. Russian I Government by our ithilihtertt stet since Russia obtained possession front the Turks of the Sufism mouth of the I lauube, the free passage of which is always of great importance for the transruiseion of those supplies of grain to this country whit la our fieeutratle uleasmies have fleece. sitatrol. While the 'Turks had possession of this outlet of the llauube, they kept a peewee through the tar dear with a depth of from sixteen to eighteen feet of water by iv very l'intple process of thetlging : but the Iltno,ions lime wilfully 749 refused to do this, and now there are n o t more than aloe feet of water over the bar, to the continual interruption of navigation and the restriction of the supply of grain. No commercial man 'weds further evidence as to its bring the clear interest of England to sustain the Turks in 'avows sion of their rightful territory. Ruch facts as throw have not been wasted upon England. The cowardly advice of \I r. Yodeler. who no longer talks of crumpling up Russia, but. now that the t '/Itr is fairly intent upon aggression, world rather see I onstantinople in his bandit than make an effort to save our only European' ally, who events his OMR disciple, anal has turned Freetntaler hl earliest, frent a has fallen dot upon the ear of the people of }:ngt: e il, who have not forgotten \lr Cobden's thousaraltitnee reiterated pn,mises of perpetual (+441,11444a when the corn laws were repealed. Twice within sic years of the repeal 44 the corn laws hat e the pa lees of wheat risen to ;ea. per quarter. Alas for tlw vanity of the Auti , Cont Law Lavoie pro. phecies! Verily they ae being diseolliteal in Manchester itself, of which l will give you a fair indwation. AI. loud of • e hat sent Hie ti placard which het% extenaively p,asted up in Maisel", sier. The placard devise...4l that the League's Lig loaf was and rialieuleel the failure of the 1,41 1-ftte" . l 4l "l'hede" of Phlity• Now, this doetionlit slid not eunuutte nom N... 1;, 111,1 Howl street, ur nvon the South Neu bons' ; they are closed. It is a Maneliester pre l'lte ilvaisiem of the eoni•law T wat* dill lint rest with those who agreasl with him. it was not for thenr to roltell it ; bolt he ►i lit they might point to this plitearal of Manchester manufacture, and ask their neigh theirs elf the working dosses, who were tutored into the belief that we desired to starve them for our ',wit henetit, whether they Might Mat hate giVell them erealit for s.. e• thing besides mere aeltlalmess when they wanted them Hutt the eels al 44 the corn Imes would entail wwilletlons in the price of wheat—lit one time ye sultmg in the Tuition* depression of the agrieulinrists, at another bringing all the severitv of i,i.un eseen scarcity to 11E11E011 the 1100rer claw's of the eolttlit,." After entering into it variety of statistical returns mid illustrations, showing that the quoit* of represen tatives as left by the Iteraarm Bill of 114:11 was moat unfair and tineatiml Inwards the county eitatinitmeirii, Mr. Newilegitte declared in conclusion that he stet not IttlXiOtet for a new Reform Hill, Espeeiatir as it %tea to illumine from the a uthors o f th e l as t, b a t It.' was rotsiuced that 1)11 . 1 . e is maple 1110111 f..r 11 . 0110441m* reform, if undertaken in an lamest 'mint of ealin lion—that the counties and the agricultural leanly hare many claim* fear adjust nwiii in their favollr. Above a ll, ha Wits sail...ilea that the OM . eiltll4lo to he 111\ttitieti is that which, by causing s blind excitement, eon afford cover for the *pea • twine ion of injustice by the would ht. Ugh I Widell I:efor111 Intl were proposal he' shout(' Is, prepared rulutly to tAi iiii i its fi% iSi°llS, and to glitile't by the I....uait of tliat a unalitantio, in the couple he blight rill it lis .1,11% to linen.', by Wilieh he t e etotal not to 6,rfeit the 1-!0""1 opinion and the kindness of llw inetubcol of the Rugby Assesiation." SeaooNun afterwards rose ntnid the general greeting of the isonpany. The hon. 1116.1111,4.1• con. tossed that. tho wind had been completely taken out his sails, so far as related to the making of a speech, by the long anti aMe address of his hon. co lleague, in whose view Pi he had Only to empress his general cult ettrrence:— He ..woeceoleol to vinaivide %Jib limo' oilv,olll* cold elm. optenee the necessity of making the native inthistry of the fly iu all it the primary object of legoll'ol by the Legiabottire, deprecating the slu roseltils j xllll helaKis volley of ltoommin, aloof urged the claim» of Tub kry a s o u r natural and best ally ; lout took (occasion, at the Willie lime, too drop Willie Seri. MS hints for the consideration ash thisusi who. might he entlosisieratie low aloe, oilmen mg that, under pair portent n14111(410) I/Skin, it ti 5511151 be iiiiv.5511.151 los early sill a Nar Gar tine year. lle reinctioltert..l lust nud that in one year 1:14 1,01i11,t Mall. wax raised ta support that 51III*. They all knew abet they hilll to pay in order to ealrae the regent !ot NM It Inf. a year, mill he put it to them whether they thought the 4... wary was in a mit utilises or in a temper to contribute nearly three time that arlm,mut. If thin country became involved in of war, Wilt had 1100 better ma. nager of its exchequer than its present I lonticelloor, it would soon tied out how great it lolibblotkob had 13.1.81 etiur milled. Hitherto. Australian gold loud prevent e d the natural results of the abartlhpllllle lit of the pootectise 1.5 le tem. AN to the question of is foam, lie doubted laica• . that would vottoe to oso.)thing Just o.t, helloing that the ioN ylllllll . O would h aveenough e 11... t0..10. lf, however, it should be brought roomed, hi» mini maw mole up not to oppose any measure of reform, lint to rote for oiling litho committer with a view of giving to all the great interests of the c try that influence in the teprehentationi . which they were ent cherre.)" AT the half yearly meeting of the Bank of Austra la4ia held on Monday the report of the directors was unanimously adopted. Tlie chairman ( ()liver Ferrer) ivferred to the diviilend or fifteen per eent. •leelareol in (tetober as indicating the progress or and stated that, in addition to the increased amount of profits which the hoard had been enabled to distribute, tome progress had been made in the formation of a guarantee fund, towards which it ia anticipated that in .lure next 21m1,n(141/. Mill be found applicable. '1 he operations of the bank have latterly become enormously aimmented, and have hithi rto been conducted without a single important Imo) from had debts. According to the latest advicc» from Sydney the circulation had increased in the interval between October and July front 059,00/. to 91:1,0001. ; the advances from 971,000?. In 1.va10,400/,: e nd th e deposits from 1,100, 1 XX)f. to :1;144111,10