The Express. — London, England, 1860-12-18 00:00:00

' 2 LL TIL MIRCEIANTEY PROFITS. m UI at aw IValtol4l. IL walk 1110011 M 11110/11=11 sad Oa, Imiss4lll/84 OW. PAPER HANGINGS, at the rP All edasV i dilly.-11. a. CRAMS, OS sad IT. OXFORD eruct elm be the Pelsonts pARD3 FIRST CLASS sad LONDON PR= WATIMAtaII2OIIIDON eximensa Ibribser" Is, learialisamst. OWNS IS sir or alias, sod as IlMordeire 1 Wiest. H. I III.MONIUME—NEW MODEL. - CLAIR. UAI vol Co., 101. irgrawassi. EZWZII'II HALL BISTAIIZANT, 14poldosst tassit/s. Mom WINK lawn. dis., Sr laralisA LILA sod eimilunia WK. DONALD, PssplAse. SSW WO= IT ML CRUM DICWIL Xs. la al ALL THE TRAR ROUND, r contalne I i rAPEMATIONS : • New evert Nary. Ity Cambia MUNI. Oiallatrai ran. ait I, meak m piabad b Aipg. Pabilasit ale la Maatitly Prim as• Vain's. at 211. w cwt rte. W.C. ; sad by Cbasams• sad Hall, 1//4 . larks. dis Dieauldr, Ida • 1111111A(ii MON TlOt re a l".. Wog Hi Was Nisbet tar ClAslaus. Ibe •xtresixs. . W & =ll:iseiseeb leei4l r4=116 4, Mor "Tii; - 17"• I i imig lato s is s a s. wilts: TEO TirfairL A l VTIOTAL ILiTeL Krsr,4 l P.Porak. C=6.. L OorPOL soil lodorgrea ; Xler Mme. Um —MOT TO TIM NULL Mr. Cbroomoirk: Xlas L Sorrol—Aid MT MOILUIVI OXOTT..-omorms MI. TO !mum =Ai 1111117 ninga r a ir. 11.16Albowase lams 001.1 f 111071110. Mem /edam A. M i r oxim ilsallow ; Ifte 111111511/...Ael as GAILY= R. JAMMU. To Imam TNI LOAN 01 A Wes! Nam Al= yaw MON. OANA—!TILL NATION INN AIM tal o od miNsi ; p lboary lira A- Mak Mks Saatta&.-Akadl JIM ma kaltiallt Darwin& nusistownlocq, 11l MUM ,ONATRAW WILD. asesda &aka— imisetalsokes&—MLY O'CONNOR.. WN. L W. Crsidont. lbw —Awl TIM Malin ILOWICIL nazism —Ounwass 111. num yam £T IONDON Tl DAT •iIi•MMI, ate.... Wria. (IL ba. To-geasow—iimig& a TM—. Allinace. Ob. Alm. LONDON, russzur. DIC. 18. IT is perhaps one of the insular weaknesses of Englishmen to wonder bow the continental world can possibly get on without English laws, habits, and principles. In our secret souls we are not very far from regarding all foreigners, not in the Greek but the Chinese sense, as " barbarians." How is it, for example, that the law of the road, as it obtains in our land of famous " whips" and riders, is peculiar to the British Islas t Of course ours is the only sensible law of the road ; all the rest of our riding and driving fellow-creatures take the wrong side. This intense national self-sufficiency is no doubt excusable when it is • question of how the brisk and lively stranger can comfortably celebrate the mysteries of ablution in a pint of shaving-water per diem; and there is surely nothing that can be called parochial-minded in our considering the paisport system a sign of com parative social and political servitude. Yet, with all the high, and sometimes justifiable, pretensions of the moat enlightened nation of Continental Europe to be the great forerunner of civilization, there is not one of the many political parties in France which, in it. wildest dreams of the revolu tionary perfectibility of the human race, has ever dared to grasp the idea of allowing a man or woman, native or foreign, to move from ens place to an other without • certificate of personal identity, entitling the holder to an unknown quantity of small extortions from a oonspiracy of petty police officials, and to a certain number of complimentary and illegible signatures of infi nitesimal diplomatists. One can easily imagine a traveller taking his ease in his Russian inn, and suddenly whisked off to Siberia to account, if he can, for some faint resemblance to a name in the Black Book. In Germany, North or South, the clumsiest and silliest form of inquisi torial trifling is conceivable ; but it seems strange that in France neither ometitutional royalties nor visionary republics should have ever approached near enough to an understanding of the simplest conditions of common personal liberty and security (not to speak of the Rights of Man), to allow plain Mr. Joss or harmless Monsieur Viiiv zoom to traverse or quit French ter ritory without entering his name, weight, and colour in • huge Way-book that is never filled up, qualifying him for honourable mention in the Hue and ery, and throwing the Limo of "public safety" round his innocent neck. It has been reserved for an absolute Sovereign, who is usually more liberal than his government, and not unfrequently in ad vanes of his Opposition, to brush away with a stroke of his pen a system which his predecessors, with liberty and equality on their lips and in their laws, never so much as doubted or discussed. The present SOVIASION of the French people no doubt knows, se well as any foreign traveller in the Re volution line, or any Great Briton, commer cial or uncommercial, the vexatious futility of • system of permits and vouchers, which never stopped a conspirator, or facilitated, the progress of • simple tourist. The Prisoner of Ham and his devoted comrade of Strasburg and Boulogne are not the men to believe in the efficacy of passports ; and men who have lived long in England and learnt to love English freedom of locomotion on their own account were little likely to tolerate a worrying complication of tomfooleries which treats a Paterfamilias, taking a trip to Paris, as a probable malefactor, from the moment he sets foot on French soil, and perpetuates a breed of useless and nondeemipt functionaries whose idea of a future state is pro bably an eternity of recording angels, sworded, uniformed, and snuffy, shaking illimitable sand over an incommensurable precis verbal about everybody in general and nothing in particular. It ID because the passport system is • vested interest that it has been found so difficult to touch. We have heard more than once in the last eight years that it wee on the point of abolition in France ; and it was no secret that the Everiont was resolved to get rid of it at the earliest opportunity. Indeed, it is simple justice to the Eurasia to own that in all his per sonal acts he has shown himself faithful to his in timate and friendly recollections of the land of his exile. Mince his accession to imperial power the purport system has been so considerably mitigated in favour of English travellers that its total aboli tion On New Year's-day will give more pleasure th an n ai e f. We accept the boon of our Im perial friend's 0e,..e. in • hearty spirit of reciprocity. and in our English fashion we wish him many a rooming Christmas season with its mes sages of peace, kindness, and goodwill. M. us. ,„, cure d the h.•oi ra , in the drama of the ."«.entol Empire. Store his return to office scarcely a day has passed without some gene- , 41iS roue word or liberal Set. Basic said that SO Whig patty was " the wife of (hen pecked) England In we may be allowed to describe M. •D 1 PAsaarnitt as the "better half' of the Second Empire. The abolition of passports for English travellers, which we may confidently hope is intended this time to be final, absolute, without conditions or reservations, is the natural and fititng completion of the Treaty of Commerce between the two countries. The number of Frond& commercial visitors to England has already largely increased within the last half-year, and in fact our neighbourly relations are becoming day by day more and more mutually interdependent, more closely bound up together for better and for worse. Our friends over the water are bringing up their children to speak and even to think in English, and, according to all present appearances, five years of peace and uninterrupted intercourse will go far to make war between two such noble rivals as impossible as war between England and the United States. The form of the announcement in the Mon iteur, however, seems to suggest a difficulty which no doubt M. nor Patine= is prepared to solve. British subjects are to be sandaled and allowed to travel about (or circulate) is Prams, without paasporta. But how is the elder branch of the Anglo-Saxon family to be distinguished in all cam from the younger by the French functionary t A gendarme can scarcely be expected to discern the subtle inflections of the American language, or to know from which pasture the lean or the fat kine comes. The principle of reciprocity must, in the Elll9llolos intention, comprise our cousins in the license to travel without a vise. But there are Scandinavians, Germans, and Flemisp, and Amiens who might • be mis taken for Anglo-Sons ; and we know Italians who speak idiomatic English with almost an English accent. There is but one way of ascertaining a Briton's nationality, and that is precisely by the awkward and fallacious system about to be abolished. To examine orally a traveller from England sa to his nationality would be a mere modification of the passport system, not its aboli tion. To accept every traveller from England who speaks bad French or good English ea an English man, or any English traveller who happens to speak good French as not an Englishman, would be equally absurd. To abolish passports for the subjects of one State is, to our thinking, implicitly to abolish them for all. Take out one stone and down goes the we& The wall itself is a barbarous anachronism in an age of steam, and none but diplomatists of the old school—the Chinese of Europe--are capable of believing that it . ought to be kept up. Wires we noticed the contents of the Russian telegram yesterday, reporting the conclusion of pace with China, it was in the trustful confidence that a further and complementary instalment of news might be in reserve of a nature to allay the painful anxiety felt for those of our countrymen who remained prisoners at the date of the last mail. We regret to learn that private tele grams from Bt. Petersburg do not favour the hopes we have all entertained. This painful suspense cannot, however, be much further prolonged. By the end of the week we ought to receive telegraphic intelligence from the neighbourhood et Pekin to the date at whirch the treaty is alleged to have been signed, a term which would be quite sufficient to enable the Chinese to produce any prisoners they may hold. .4Nr `4ll 'Or ' 'ely4 ali r tstg p, DEC'VE 10 7: i!! LATEST INTELLIGENCE. ITALY. BONE Dim 16. The death of Cardinal Claude is announced. A °minatory wi4,4he held on Monday next, when the Pope will address an allocution to the cardinals. Several bishops, three of whom are suburban, have been appointed. Benevento is lost to the Holy See. Reactionary movements have taken place at several places in the March provinces and in Umbria. The Pontifical Zonaves have re-entered Rome. General Latour has left for Paris on a special mission from Francis IL to the Emperor Napoleon. LORD RIOUGHLM cos THE BRITISH 001INTITUrION. The distinguished Chao:dice of Edinburgh 'Jai 'amity is producieg, or rather reacing, a work spas " This British Coedit:dim, its Mdm7, Street sod Puestioes." The yahoos beim the following d • to Malestr—the alludes la the ecooluding pump being, el excess, to the new patent of the Brougham P L eene bg to los Irma " more mpielalky la eonsideratiea l 4 Loud 21111#11M's public services is the diffusion of know tie speed Of education, sad the abolition of stave trade sal skivery," and to the two preeedente followed in the resainder to other than the next heirs, being ids sof Lord fit, Vincent and Lord Nelson : TIM Qour . "Ifaidars,—l premiums to lay at your Majesty's feet a work. the result of non yaws diligent study, much calm telleetioa, mad a long Mfg enperienee. It professes to n and feels, Istituto sompintsses, draw °one-lesions, and expound principles, alien toe Ode eonsiderod in Went/AI L by theft nde_enjoy the blessings of oar mann i sod --steal in ether countries crCose who are enieeromming to esturelke it among themselves, sad for whose sneers the wishes of all must be more hasty than their lopes see be autguine. " The subject of the book, ` The British Ocentltutdrie; he • natural eonoeetiou with your Majesty's reign, which in not mare adorned by the domeslie= B ; the sovereign thee by the strictly ociastitutiond exercise el her high office, redounding to the security of the Grows, the true a/14y of the monarch, and the happonem of 'beim**. Entirely joining with all my fellowaitiers ia feel ci gratitude towards such a ruler, I have incilviduolly•deep MOOT of the kindness with which your slay hes pa -1 ciously extended the honours formerly bedew* *enamor assigned for that favour, and the precedents followed in grouting it. • With these mentiments of bumble atteciuseet and re spect, I am, your Majesty's most faithful subject and most dutiful servant, " Bsourrasn. " Brougham Hall, Dee. U, 1860." The Dean and Chapter of St. PauPe have deter edited te inaugurate the opening of the new organ, pro watery to the evening services, by • grand pedantries of sacred music, the oratorio of the Messiah, on Tbanday, Jan. 21, 1861. The orchestra in the south trensept will accommodate a full band and chorus of more than 800 voices. The Rev. Wm. Henry Sage, A.M., bee been pre ferred by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol to the perpetual curacy of So.. Micheal, Two-Mds-ILII. Brietol, vacant by the resignation at the Rey. W. It. Lawrence. Since the return of King Victor Emmanuel to Naples all kinds el flying anecdotes about hie Raying and doimp at Palermo have been told. He was in great wrath at the bones being taken out of his carriage, and his being drawn along by the people, and on leaving the cathedral told the syadie or mayor of Palermo that In coming to Dimly he wished it to be undertood that the brute beasts wore to remain brute beasta, and the men to remain men. He further added that he was neither • doneness like Carib, nor a travelling dentist, and bad no wish to receive the honours commonly accorded to such chamfers. A Naples letter of the 12th says :—" During the gale of Sunday lad a French snasissf-war's boat was upset and wrecked nest the Castello Caroline. Another French boat going to save it was upset and the men carried over the breakwater, where they were in danger of their lives. There was a large crowd looking on, gesticulating sod screaming, Mks Napo/teams, when five English soldiers rushed suddenly out of the crowd, and, duhiog into the see, succeeded in saving several of the Frenchmen. la doing this they were much bruised, and their clothes were torn to piece.. Some of the Piedmont... Derseglieri pre seat reported the occurrene to the commandant, who or dered dry clothes to be given to them, ant sent in their mace■ to the King, who presented them each with the medal of velour." On tho 6th the magnificent fleet under the com mand of Vice-Admiral Martin was anchored off Corfu. It is cornmeal of the following ships:— The flagship Meri tocracies, 131 gum, POO hoes-power, Admiral Martin ; the Orion, 91 pn, 60D-horse power, Certain Pram ; the Es. month, 90 guns, 4410.1inrse power, Captain Payater ; the Neptune, 90 woos, r•no bnne power, Captain Campbell ; the Mars, 80 guns, 400.her.e power, Captain Strange ; the Jame. Watt, 91 mum, 000- h unr. power, Captain Codd ; the London, 90 guns, 700. bone power, Lhptain Chads. The s..rew steam sloops Aseuraeos, 4 guns, 2tlo-horse power, C.,ptain Aynaley, and the Alacrity, 4 guos, 200-horse power. Captain Baird, were in attendatae, and plying alter. uataly between Corfu sad Malta. - ' • t 4 • WINDSOR cairsi, Din. IT. The Queen held a Chapter of the Moat Noble Alder of the Garter this afternoon, at the Cattle. Her iiejegy wee conducted, at 3 o'clock, by the Loed Chandiethda and the Lord Seaward, to a chair of state in the Throne Rome, in which the Chapter wag he* The Queen, the Sovereign of the Order, wore the manele and the gold and enamelled collar of the Garter. The Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales, both wearing the mantle, hood, and collar of the Order, accompanied her Majesty, wbo was attended by the Mistress of the Robes, the Indy in Waiting, and the principal acme of her household. The Knights Companions of the Carter were robed in the vestibule by Mr. Hunter, m their blue velvet mantles. Each knight also wore the hood of crimson velvet upon the right shoulder, and the collar of the Order. Garter called over the Knights Companions in the Water loo Gallery, when the following answered s—The Duke of Cambridge, the Marquis of Exeter, Marquis Camden, the Earl cf Clarendon, the Marquis of Normaaby, the Earl at Carbide, Viscount Palmerston, Earl Granville, the Marquis of Westminster, the Duke of Devonshire, and the Karl of Hanowby. The °Moen of the Order present were the Prelate, the Bishop of Winchester; the Charxeller, the Bishop of Oxford ; Garter, Principal King of Arne, Sr Cherie* G. Young ; sad the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, Mr Augustus Clifford, Bart. The Knights Companions entered the Throne or Chapter Room, and took their seats according to their seniority in the Order, ea either aide of the Chapter table, which was covered with blue velvet. The oases of the Order took their anal stations. The Citssallor of the Order notified the Quests royal emerpiernee that the Weald stall in the RoyalClargrel et 811 Omega at Wiockor, should be filled up, sad as ease hat a knight can be elected, the Most Noble Henry Wad Neweestle was introduced between Carter and Black Rod. His graes was conducted to the Queen, and kneeling before her, reeskad from her Majesty the honour of knighthood, white was oodersed with the Sword of State. The noble Duke kissed his Sovereign's hand and retired from the Porter-nom The Knights proceeded to the election, and the suffrages were collected by the Chancellor and presented to the Qnsem, who ecensanded him to declare that the Most Noble Homy Doke of Neacsale lad lass duly elected a Knight ci the mod noble Order of the Garter. By the Sovereign's command, the Duke et Newcastle was received at the door of the Chapter Boom by the 'Duke of Demmehire sad the Earl of Harrowby, the two junior Knights Camgemakes present, and was conducted betwesu theme to the Queen, preceded by Garter bearing the endges of the Ordseupoo a velvet mance, and by Black Red. The Duke knelt ear her Majesty, and the Queen, assisted by the Primo Comport, buckled the " garter " on his left leg, the cheaseller pronsulang the usual admonition. Geller presented the Abend with the "George" ap pendant, and the Quasar, maid by the Prince of Wales, pared the same over the Duke's left 'boulder and under the right arm, the Chancellor menounelag the admonitiom His Gam again kneed her Majesty's hand. The Duke of Newcastle, having received the congratun- Mom of the Prince Coosert, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, and the Knight. Consposices, reared. Garter, by her Majesty's command, again celled over the Knights Companion% who with the calms of the Order re tired from the prenence of the Qmeo. The Prince's Alice, Prince Alfred, and Prince Louis of Hee* stood behind her Majesty, to witness the ceremony in the Thrum Roam The court was attended by the various officers of the boasebeid. The 161011101 of the Onard were on duty in the Waterloo Ga/lery and Grand Reception Room under the commend of the Rem in Wailing. Wend Pitsoimeries, adjutant of the seeps. attended. A mid of honour of the Soots Fusilier Guards was on duty with the band of the Regiment within the Quadrangle of the Castle during the ceremony. The Queen held a Privy Council at five o'clock. It was attended by his Royal Highness the Prince Cowart, Fed Granville, Lord Pnitideat ; Viscount Palmerston, First Lord of the Treasury ; the Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of Stet* for the Colonies ; the Right Hoe. T. Milner Gibson, Presi- dent of the Board of Tiede ; the Bari of Si, Germans, Lord Steward ; Viscount Sydney, Lord Chamberlain; end Earl Spencer, Groom of the Stole to the Prime donor& At the council parliament wee redsied to he hither pro rogued from the 3rd Jimmy will tie 6th Fehanary, and • proclamation was kneed eemeserrieg parliament to meet for the despatch of Wines as tie sth February. A proclam►tion war lime' geeing currency to the new brogue or mired metal anise's. Lord Bloomfield, by asna;uld of the Queen, wee sworn one of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and took his mat at the board. Mr. A. Helps, clerk to the Privy Council, 'Waded. Earl Granville had en audience of the Queen. Her Majesty was attended by Viscount Castle Rome, Vies Chemberlain ; Viscount Torrington, Lord-in-Waiting ; sad the Roo. Mortimer Saukville West, Groom-in-Waiting. Ms Prince Owiwort, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, Prime Allred, Prince Louis of Hesse, lend the Prince of Leiningen, went cat shooting this morning. The Rev. A. P. Stanley left the Culls in the forenoon. The Queen pea a dinner in the evening in the Waterloo Gallery. The knights and officers of the Order of the Garter had the honour of being invited. The levitation to the banquet annprised, among others, the Prises of Wales, Prince Alfred, and the Princess Alice, Prince Laub of Ham, the Princess of Leiningen, the Prince t o l f ut =sa, the Mistress of the Robes, the Duchess of Knight' of the Garter—The Duke of Cam. Red Granville, the Duke Devonshire, the Duke rf i Ire h of weeitie. the Marquis of Exeter, Marquis Camden, the Marquikof Westminster, the Marquis of Normanby, the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Clarendon, the Earl of Her. rewhy, sad Viscount Palmerston. The bend of the &Ma Fusilier Guards was in attendance. A deputation from the parish of St. Stephen, Coleman strarl, insisting of Mr. Perkins, Mr. Elliot, Messrs. Walesa, Goodman, and T. Jones, bad an interview with the Right Bea. C. P. Villiers y, at the office of the Peer law lewd. Whi Despatches were mat yesterday from the Colonial-oilloe to the Governors of Owed& and Newfoundland. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, attended by Captain Cowell and Lientetamt- Colonel Keppel, arrived from Windsor Castle on Sunday to luncheon with their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, at Cambridge Cottage, Kew. The Prince of Wales will leave Windsor Castle to-day for Oxford for a few days, before returning to pass the approaching festive seas= with the royal circle at Windsor. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge left Okatoester Home yesterday on a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. His Zneelleney the Prussian Minister and the oalleten Benstorf I have returned to Prussia House from visiting Xr. and Lady Elisabeth Drummond, at Cadlands, Haute. The Duke and Duchess of Marlborough will receive a Watt circle at Blenheim Palace tinting the Christ mas holidays. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester have left town for Hiocbingbrook, Hunts, on a visit to the Earl of nasdwich, before going to Kimbolton Castle for the Christ mas. Count de Persigny htu; arrived at Albert Gate House from Paris fora short period. The Earl and Countom Cowper entertained the following party ►t Wrest Park, Beds, last week :—Earl and Counter of Clarendon and Ladies Constance and Emily Vllliars, Earl and Countess of Hardwieke and Lady Augusta Yorke, Earl and Countess Spencer and Miss Seymour, Viscount and Viscountess Sydney, Mr. and Mrs. John Lester, Lady Victoria Ashley and lion. Evelyn sad Lionel Ashley, Lord Otho Fitsgerald, Hon. Charles Edgcumbe, Hon. Leopold Ellis, Mr. Thynne, Mr. Henry Creellle, Mr. Caloran, Mr. Alderson, Mr. John and Mr. Augustan Lumley. The Earl and Countess of Laneiborough have arrived at fiwithlaad Holt, Leicestershire, from Ireland. Tho Countess of Fife and family have arrived in town from Scotland. His lordship, who is expected In town on Friday, has taken • houe in Wilton-cresoent for stew months. The Countess of Monntcharies was safely de livered af a (laughter yesterday at her residence is Rutland gate. Her ladyehip sad infant are programing favourably. Lord and Lady Nigel Kennedy have left the (lOWA' Hotel, Upper Norwood, for Paris The Right lion. W. F. Cowper, M.P., and Mrs. Cowper bore left town on • vi4it to Lord and Lady Ebury at Moor-park. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY ZiOWIIO. The Monitewr contains a decree reducing the num ber of officials in the Imperial Courts of Rennes and Poitiers, augmenting the number of tribunal judges in some towns and diminishing them in others. The Moniteur also publishes a decree suppressing the prohibition against the export from Algeria of barks for tanning purposes. HUNGARY. VIENNA, MOXDAY. According to advises received here from Hun tiother comitata are following the example set the Comitat of Pesth in reference to the proposals to be submitted to the Chancellor. The ;Oardinal Primate of Hungary arrived in Vienna a few days ago. After having had a long conference with Baron Vay, he was received by the Emperor. He yesterday returned to Gran. According to the lithcEn!Ph°l corresp ondence published in Vienna, the revision of the Concordat will for the present be limited to the re-establish ment of the religious privileges of the Primate of Hungary. VIENNA, MONDAY Swarm. It is asserted that the Chancellor of Hungary has resolved upon replying negatively to the demands or the Oomitattof Pesth, on account of the proceedings connected with the address having transgressed constitutional limits. DALMATIA. VIENNA, MONDAY Enigma. The Wonderer of this evening publishes telegrams from Zara, dated the 16th. and 17th inst., according to which strong and universal agitation prevailed in that city and in the provincial towns of Da lm atia, **net the administrative incorporation of Dal matia with Croatia, without that project being first submitted for the approval of the Dalmatian Diet. SARDINIA AND SWITZERLAND. BERNE, Monnsr. Count Cavour has addressed another note to the Federal Council, stating that he withdraws, under certain oonditions, the demand contained in his note of the 10th November last, for the removal of the sequestration placed upon the income of the Bishopric of Como, in the canton of Tessin. BAVARIA. MUNICH, Dze. 17. Baron Verger, Bavarian Minister Plea' ten tiary at Turin, having been recalled, the Sardini an Minister has, in cionsequense, received orders to quit his post at the Bavarian court. TEE UNTIED STATES. LIVERPOOL, TVwIAT Yownro. The Royal Mail steamship Africa, Captain Shannon, which left New York on the Bth instant, arrived in the Mersey at one o'clock this morning, having been detained at the bar several hours by the state, of the tide. A telegraphic summary of the President's mes sage and the bawd commercial intelligence has been already published. THE BOMBAY MALL YALTA, Dec. 15. The Bombay mail of the 25th ult. arrived here this morning, and left at 2 p.m. for Marseilles. AUSTRIA. At Vienna, on the 14th instant, the following sentences were paned on Messrs. Richter, Krnmb holz, and Bayer : 1. Faecal' Richter, partner in two cotton-mills, and prin cipal director of the Credit Bank, is guilty of thesrirne of having led to an abuse of official power by giving to the Imperial Royal Field-Marshal Lieutenant Baron von Eynat ten Northern Railroad shame of the value of 25,&1411. skr. Austrian cuvrency, with the intent to induce him to be partial in his decisioas relative to the supplies for the army. 2. On account of insufficient proof he is acquitted of the charge of having been guiLy of defraudation by artfully bringing into account, and that to the dieadvautsge of the Supreme C‘inineado of the army, a sum of Z*4711.1, 37kr. on bills of the value of 20,0004- 3. Francis Richter is declared to be innocent, and to be sequined of the following charges of fraud made against him. Of having drawn up a false account to the advantage of the Ministry of Finances and to the prejudice of the Credit Bank ; of having, to the detriment of the State, in tentionally reduced the quantity and quality of the mate rial used for making the 4,000,000 as of calico which he undertook to supply ; and of having, to the prejudice of the sub-oon diminished the quantity of calico he had luxlertakim to deliver. The verdict of the bench having been read aloud, the counsel for the crown rose, and declared that he intended to appeal against • part of it. He, however, aid that as there were " many exte nuating circumstances," and Richter had long been in confinement, he recommended him to the mercy of the court. After the President had stated what had induced him and his four colleagues to give such a verdict as they had done, the court retired for about half an hour, and on its return pronounced the following sentence : The defendant, Francis Richter, is condemned to impri sonment for one month, during three days of which month he is to fest (to have nothing bat bread and water). The present of 25,634f1. is to be given to the eleemosynary fund of the city of Vienna, and the costa of the trial are to be home by the defendant. The defendants, John ICrumbholz, the manager of Richter's cotton mills, and Henry Bayer, Richter's agent, having been found innocent, are acquitted, and the State has to pay all costa. TIM RIPOSTED PIACI WITH CHINA.—We un derstand the despatch received by the Government, and published in the lapreu yesterday, announcing the conclusion of pence with China, was commuoicated by the Fustian government to Sir John Crampton at St. Peters burg, and by him transmitted to the Foreign-office. fas Firsce Swum—The Moniteur of yeab3r day ollicially announces the appointment of M. Troplong, Pint President of the Conn of Caseation, as President of the Senate for the year 1861 ; of M. de Royer as First Vice- President, and Marshals &Twiny 'Million, Eastland de Saint Jean d'Angely, and Pannier, as Vice-President.. The A roar Commercial announces that the nego tiatioes for a treaty of commerce between France and Belgium are advancing Tepidly, and that one of the points on which the negotiators are agreed is the complete sup pression of the duty on coals. This suppression will actually lead to the removal of all duty on English coal, according to the terms of the treaty of the 25th of January. The /emir adds that few measures will be so well received as this by all manufacturers in France. In a letter from Rome we read :—" The artistical campaign has commenoed this year under Australian sue- vices, a rich amateur from that colony, Mr. Josephson, having given a series of Collllllll3liooll to several sculptors. Amongst his purchases are Mr. Gibeen's ' Venus,' Mr. Mozier's , Silence,' Mr. Spence's ' Lady of the Lake,' • repetition of the subject selected by the Queen, his Monta nan,' ani another funnels figure. Mr. Itagers's studio has also contributed to the eolleetion of Mr. Josephson, which, it appears, will be oossiderably enlarged before his depar ture from Rome. The priocipal novelty in Mr. Gibson's studio is a group, which he has jest completed, representing a Greek warrior, with a female figure kneeling to dress a wound in his thigh. The warrior, • type of vigorous man- hood, careless of his hurt, but still moodily pondering over ' the burly burly done, when the battle's lost col won,' contrasts finely with the tender womanly form who bends anxiously over the performance of her labour of love." '.,TfI4'VNITED STATES. liI3ESAGE. The Africa, which arrived at Queenstown on Sun day evening, brought the New York journals containing th e President's lineage in full, and which extends over some nine columns. The following is • much fuller summary of the meemge than appeared in our columns yesterday : "Fellow-citizens of the Senate and House of Represents. tivee,—Throughout the year, since our last meeting, the country has been eminently prosperous in all its material interests. The genteel health has been excellent, our har vests have been abundant, and plenty miles throughout the land. Our commerce and manufactures have been prosecuted with energy and industry, and have yielded fair and ample returns. In short, no nation in the tide of time has ever presented a spectacle of greater material pros. pesky then we have done until within • recent period. Why is it, then, that discontent now so extensively prevails, and the union of the States, which is the source of all these blessings, is threatened with destruc tion? The long-centinaed and intemperate interference of the Northern people with the question of slavery in the Southern States has at length produced its natural effects. The different sections of the Union are now arrayed aphid earl other, and the time has arrived—so much dreaded by the father of his country—when hostile geographical parties have been formed. I have long foteeeen and often forewarned my countrymen of the now impending danger. The incessant and violent agitation of the slavery question throughout the north during the last quarter of • century has at length pro. deceit its malign influence on the slaves, and inspired than with vague notions of freedom. Hence • sense of security us longer exiate around the family alter. This feeling of peace at home has given place to apprehensions of servile insurrections. Many • matron throughout the south retires at night in dread of what may betel herself and berchildren before the morning. Should this apprehension of domestic danger, whether reel or imaginary, extend and inten sify itself until it shall pervade the muses of the southern people, then disunion will become inevitable. How easy would it be for the American people to settle the slavery question for ever, and restore pesos and harmony to this dickered oonntey. They and they only can do it. All that is neesseary to accomplish the object, and an for which the slave dais ever anteceded, is to be let alone and permitted to masa their demedis is stintions in their own wm. Al sovereign states, they and they only are responidge before God sad the world for the slavery ex. isting moo' them. For this the people of the North are no more responsible, and have no more right to inter fere, than with similar institutions in Russia or in Brains Upon their good sense and patriotic forbear ance I coulees I still greatly rely. Without their aid its beyond the power of any president, no matter what may be his own political views, to restore peace and harmony among them. Wisely limited and restrained as to his power under our constitution and laws, he alone can accomplish but little for good or for evil on such a mo mentous question ; and this brings me to observe that the election of any one of our fellow-citizens to the office of president does not of itself afford just cause for climbing the union. The election of a president of the United States, in • sonstitutional manner, cannot, of itself, justify seces sion or revolution. The constitution does not contemplate the act of separation or disunion, and therefore then ma be no legal and constitutional seceenon of any state from the union. The personal liberty Ms of several northern natesare in direst ceedietwith the eineshintaoll of the United States, and ought to be repealed. If continued upon the statute books of the northern data, after the public atten tion has been directed to the subject, the injured states will be justified in revolution. The President leas no power ex cept to see that the laws are executed, and for this purpose certain facilities are given him. He cermet maintain the judiciary in setae like South Carolinsoilsere Went °MOO= reign. Bat he has power over the collection of enstorns, and over the public property of the United Stake, toasted within the several states, and to protect these the peens meet forces will act strictly on the defensive. Congress pommel no power to make war upon a state to compel inch state to remain in the Union, and if force could be used for each purpose • continuance of the government in its spirit and unity could not thus be maintained. To restore tranquillity, and furnish to all the states • guarantee for the enjoyment of their rights, as contemplated under our system, certain amendments to the federal constitution are necessary, and may be proposed by Common and rati fied by the states, or through the medium of • convention called on the application of the states. Unlawful military expeditious have been oouatenanced by may of our citi zens, sod were suffered, in defiance of the government, to escape from oar shores, for the purpose el makieg war upon the unoffending people of neighbouring republics with whom we were at peace. In addition to these and other difficulties we experienced a revulsion in mone tary affair soon after my advent to power of unexampled severity, and of ruinous consequences to all the great inte rests of the country. When we take a retrospect of what was then our condition, and contrast this with its material prosperity at the time of the late presidential election, we have abundant reason to return our grateful thanks to that merciful Providence which has never tombs us as a nation in all our past trials. Our relations with Great Britain are of the most friendly character. Since the commencement of my administretion the two dangerous questions arising from the Clayton sad Bulwer treaty, and from the right of march carried by the British government, have been amicablyand ho nourably adjusted. The discordant constructions of the Clayton and Bulwer treaty between the two governments, which at different periods of the discussion bore a threaten ing aspect, have resulted in • final settlement entirely satisfactory to this government. Mien be a source of sin cere iwitisfection to all classes of our fellow-citizens, and es pecially to those engaged in foreign commerce, that the claim on the part of Great Britain for forcibly to take and search American merchant vessels on the high seas in time of peace has been abandoned. This was by far the mostdanger ons question to the peace of the two countries which has existed sine the war of 1812. Whilst it remained open, they might at any moment have been precipitated into a war. The only question of my importance still remaining open is the disputed title between the two governments to the island of San Juan in the vicinity of Washington tent tory. As this question is still under negotiation, it is not deemed advisable at the present moment to make any other allusion to the subject. The recent visit of the Prince of Wales in a private character to the people of this country has proved to be a most auspicious event. In its conse quence* it cannot fail to increase the kindred and kindly feelings which, I trust, may ever actuate the governments end people of both countries in their political and social inter course with each other. With France, our ancient and vener able ally, our relations continue to be of the most friendly character. Our relations with the great empire of - Russia are all that we could desire. Our relations with Spain are now of a more complicated, though leas dangerous, cha racter than they have been for many years. Our citizens have long held, and continue to hold, numerous claims against the Spanish government. These have been ably urged for a series of yam by war suoceseive diplomatic representatives at Madrid, hat without bringing redrew It is more than probable that the final adjustment of these claims will devolve upon my successor. I reiterate the re commendation contained in my annual messaged December, 1858, and repeated in that of December, 1859, in favour of the acquisition of Cuba from Spain by fair purchase. I firmly i,elieve that such an acquisitioe would contribute essentially to the well-being and prosperity of both coun tries in all future time. as well as prove the certain means of immediately abolishing the African slave trade through. out the world. I would not repeat this reoummendation upon the present occasion if I believed that the transfer of Cuba to the United States, upon conditions highly favourable to Spain, could justly tarnish the national honour of the proud and ancient Spanish monarchy. With the Emperor of Austria and the remaining conti nental powers, including that of the Sultan, our rela tions continue to be of the most satisfactory character. The friendly and peaceful policy pursued by the govern ment of the United States towards the empire of China has produced the moat satisfactory results. The treaty of Tientsin, of the 114th of June, 1/438, has been faithfully ob served by the Chinese authorities. Our relations with Mexico still remain in a most unsatisfactory condition. The financial condition of the country is briefly discussed. The president refers to the promise Of retrenchment contained in his first annual message, and shows that it has been re deemed by a considerable reduction in the annual expendi ture during the last two years. It is with great satisfac tion I communicate the fact that since the date of my last annual message not a single dare ha. been hefted i n t o the United States in violation of the laws ibiting African slave trade. The mellow co with some remarks about the necessity of modification. in the tariff. Aooonnta from Lyons state that the late soft weather has produced • remarkable effect on the new wince. These wines, which were becoming perfectly clear during a few frosty days, are now fermenting • second time in the casks. 41 1 v" EXPRESS FROM PARIS (raw ova mint R&M, MONDAY &limn . Notwithstanding the :rise of per cent. in e a , sole, this Bourse has been very dull. Such striking instance of want of sympathy with il k London market has rarely been seen, and it an, Mons much astonishment The Rente fell sfr. n. 54 for cash and account, closing at 68fr. 80c. au l 68fr. 85c. Mobilier and the railways were &two without change. The diplomatic rupture between Turin and M 3. uich is considered to throw a doubt upon the e mr , that the Ruasisa ambassador was about to return to the former capital. It is given out that the French and Swiss prem. menta are on the point of coming to a friendly n il . derstanding, and that all trace of former poidlut difference will diaappear. The government journals are instructed not only to deny the evacuation of Viterbo by the Fr enc h troops, as announced by telegraph, but to itat, that French columns have been sent beyond Viteri 4 to occupy Acquapendente, Bagnazea, and serer ; ! other points. You will be sorry to hear it Immediately after the private visit paid by ti Emperor to M. Would, which I mentioned at ti time as having been much remarked, hie Majeay gave orders to M. Lacordaire, the director of to Gobelina, to execute a piece of tapestry coo. memorative of the event, which will be pram./ to M. Would as an ornament for his print* drawing-room. A ohambery correspondent in the Opisi. Nationale, speaking of the elections in Savoy, ea that in the arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de Ma . rienne the ultramontane candidate had no rir and the liberals having abstained em maws he po almost all the votes that were given. In the diasement of Chambery the clerical candi. Count Ernest de Boigne , a brotherin-l a of M. Sabra, who followed General Lan riciere to Rome, was opposed by a li candidate, Dr. Caffe, an eminent physi • But there could be no doubt about the resul• "for the Prefect of the Savoy being persual that the clerical party was the only powerful in the department, gave his support to that order to smooth difficulties in the way of his ministration. All the curie were put in requisite to ensure the return of M. de Boigne, and all of manoeuvres and threats were resorted to." this picture follows a most remarkable • fur a journal devoted to universal suffrage. " magistracy, the bar, and the enlightened part the population voted for Dr. Caffe—but these etitute in all countries an almost imperceptib minority." It was rumoured at the Paleis de Justice tl morning that the murderer of Judge Poinsot h been arrested by M. Rothschild's keepers in t woods of Vervibres. Count Walewski yesterday delivered the arum speech to the School of Fine Arts which has bet for so many years spoken by M. Fould. There irt little in it remarkable except a passage event that it was not the mission of the government prop up "mistaken vocations," but that its tit was, on the contrary, "to seek out, encourage, at exalt" extraordinary talent. It is thought, from ti manifesto, that some very bold articles lately wr ten by IL de Colonne, in the Revue Ocnstempoor. stigmatising the sort of art lately patronised by t government as the " School of Epinal," and 17 testing against the indiscriminate encouragew. of daubs, have not been unfavourably viewed. The Prefect 'of Upper Savoy has suspended I Duparc, the Mayor of Jouxier, for " having 1 fused to co-operate in the arrest of a danger malefactor, who had taken refuge in hie commits! The Manikin- de is Cote d'Or tastes that a In has been killed at Genlia, in Burgundy, by aa, boar. DISTRESSING SHIPWRECK. The following statement of the crew of the lug: Lively, of Margate, detailing the particulars of a very treeing shipwreck oa the Kentish Knock Sand, on f' lad, sad the rescue of four men, who, after four slays' inue, and in the most enhaneted condition, were g from an appalling death, has been forwarded for the sideration of the National Lifeboat Institution, which, generally known, grants rewards for meritorious ervetiele dying life from shipwreck on the coast of the United dom. When the poor foreigners were landed on Pier on Friday night they presented a most beaches sight, being more deed than alive, their swollen benumbed frames testifying to the great sufferings they undergone during the preceding four days. The ni,4.1 the vessel being unable to endure this frightful .uff, had, unhappily. perished : Statement of the crew of the Lively lugger, of gate, of seven hands, who declare:—" Being at sea on Fr morning the 14th inst., in the vicinity of the Kentish K: Sands, at about daylight, we discovered a sunken wreck one mast standing, the wind being shout bl . I a little fresh with a heavy swell. We, after trying sail to reach the wreck, found it impossible to get I it, the tide being too strong ; but as we had neared it fancied we discovered a Sag on the masthaid, which we I for a signal of distress, and seeing the dangerous situstie the crew, should they . ably have survived, in cede lose no time we imme diate ly got our beat out, fully her, and proceeded, rowing with all speed, towards the which we reached with great difficulty, having been o to cross the sand in our skiff through a heavy surf. found four of the crew of the sunken galliot Hine from Hull to Gilboa, clinging to the top (having been since Tuesday night), in a perishing condition. e needed in getting them on board our boat, and with an, rowed back to the lugger, where, on reaching, we pro , them with such refreshment as we had, and after ge them a little round, we learnt that Captain Scher* perished from his long exposure. We then made its prooeded to Margate fiarr, where we arrived shoot past eleven at night.—tffigsed) Sanwa. DAVIS, NI Dons, T. PRITCHARD. R. ROBINS, Joie Quasar, B EM, J. BROCIALAN.—MAIVAI.O, Dec. 15." OPENING OP THE Niw HALL AT FLUDIE'S Ltr• —Last night a company of about 500, consisting ehielb ems celebrated in the literary and artistic world, awn in the large and elegant hall which Mr. C. E. Medic cently added to his library in New Oxford-street, pre to its being opened for the purposes of his Moine, building, which is in the Imre style of architeetur, dons and lofty, and somewhat resembles in its meat the different galleries of the library of the C. Museum. Its size is 65 feet by 45 feet, with a 1... u: 45 feet from the ground. A central staircase lead,' commodious basement, and a light galle, to the book shelves above, runs round the iut The principal cornice is supported by white Irvine 0.1.- from which spring an elegant lantern, divided be pl. and circular-headed windows, the roof being fern. transverse mouldings end spaces, tilled in with gniuoi: The shelves were entirely tilled with looks in Jl•r , • bindings, destined to do good service amongst Mi. 31 ,, thousands of subscribers. The coin any itahnlel Charles Knight, Mr. end Mrs. Dallas. Mr. Hepworth Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Martin, Mr. sod Mr. II• Miss Jewisbury, Miss Mulock, Mr. George Cruitsh..ri. M. Meek M.P., Mr. Shirley Brooks, Mr. C. Suigla, Mr. Blanchard Jerrold, Mr. Aethouy 'frullope, 317 Forster, Mr. and Mrs. Vi. J. Linton, Mr. Thomas Walk , : Carpenter, Mr. Robert Chambers, Sir I. Ml'linto•L H. Lerfclaild, Mr. Richard Hutton, Mr..l. K. Itobin- , Rev. Jas. Martineau, the Rev. Dr. Koller, the no • Tayler, the Rev. Walter Mitchell, the Rev. .1. It Itov: Rev. Dr. Cumming, the Rev. S. Minter', Mr. T.saf Justice Haliburton, the Rev. T. Binncv. the Cyr' ff Charming, the Rev. Dr. Hamilton, Mr. O. li. Mr. Longman, Mr. Bohn, Mr. Es..tis, Mr. Im". Mr. Thornbury, &c. A collection of Meter , r , played in the hall, togethor with some rare pho' , t ße he fnm gu ll es i‘ ts 'en w t4 ere wi e re nter s ta up po p e l d ied wi ' t i b li . ' ,p i r ' rom 'g ri t i h e t ie l n 'e go n : t s o l s n ' t i : • which Miss Palmer and other vocalists took rat t. y he building bas been erected from the designs of Mr . " Trebenee, arehitent, • Tun NEW SCHOOLS ST. • Ituesell, the hew 31Pa r°e bock of , the-Plaids ,,A.tdPo-• , has eonseatd e Lowe• which fi:";.,'';nr":'^er";6l-,Piarilood°°eUpesAht D i d e Wstreet sod west corner of Gvillewesedilhueoeintnewerilh:iit. oftohdo7e,TaicithLi:"..4la:lt':