The Express. — London, England, 1861-12-25 00:00:00

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Tutu year the social festival of Christmas fol lows closely on the (lays of public mourning, and finds the whole imbue saddened and subdued under the chastening sense of loss. But, rightly considered, there is perhaps nothing in the serious feelings and deep sympathies which this public bereavement excites really at variance with the thoughts and memories peculiar to the day, or the spirit in which it should be celebrated. The Yates z of Fue!, whose advent the Church re calls with sacred joy this morning, is also the Lotto of Life and Immortality ; and this assurance enables all who receive it to look even on death with feelings wholly different from the cold indif ference of the Stoic or the frivolous despair of the Epicurean. The sense of loss, however deep, is not enfeebling, nor is the profoundest sorrow without hops. The shock of sudden grief may, indeed, tend to check the tooardent pursuit of the lawful prises and felicities of the world, by giving scope foe the deeper reflection which enables us to estimate them at their true worth. But a noble sorrow does not unfit those who share it for the tree duties or the sober enjoyments of life. On the contrary, it strengthens every virtuous resolve, and purifies every innocent pleasure. Every careful observer must be familiar with the salutary in fluence which a peat sorrow thus produces in private life. It not unfrequently, especially in natures of a manly type, chastens the love of pleasure, corrects the irregularities of passion, checks frivolous pursuits, and gives unity and purpose to an aimless or distracted career. A great public calamity naturally tends to exert the same kind of salutary and strengthening influence on the national mind. Never, perhaps, were such salutary influences more needful. The aspect of public affairs is unusually grave. We do not know what the future may bring ; but it may be safely affirmed that we shall have to encounter many difficulties and perhaps face some dangers ; and to meet the responsibility of such a crisis we require not only strength of will but dearness of intelligence and sobriety of feeling. The great national bereavement tends directly to cheek the indulgence of passion, and to give that pause for reflection in which the voice of reason and con science can be clearly heard. The reflection produced by such a sorrow at such a season will purify the patriotism of the nation from any un worthy taint of anger or resentment. Even if the country had ever been disposed to listen to violent counsels it could do so no longer. But while the voice of passion is silenced, the national resolve to follow the dictates of duty and honour is but the more deep, concentrated, and universe/. In another aspect the feeling produced by the national loss is in perfect harmony with the mes sage of peace and good-will to men associated with the commemoration of the day. The sense of bereavement has a h i ne6cent e ff ect not only on the character of OE individual mourner, but on his feelings towards others. The desolating sense of all the worth and affection, all the good qualities so suddenly lost to us by a swift and natural reaction, enhances the value of what re mains, and naturally deepens our feelings of esteem and affection for the members of our own social and domestic circle. The voice that comes from the open grave takes the same form as the dying injunction of the aged disciple who leaned on his MAPTE/e4 breast—" Love one " another ;" and nixie is more powerful to crush low, harsh, and unworthy thoughts. The little jealousies and rivalries, the petty hatreds and ani mosities that sometimes separate us from others, sink away, and wo are surprised and saddened to think that such trifles should have been allowed for a moment to estrange us from others so worthy of our esteem, and whom we must lose so soon. We venture to say that in this way the grave that so recently closed has opened new depths of sympathy and affection in thousands of hearts, and given new strength and tenderness to the bonds which unite the different members of innumerable friendly and family circles throughout the land. The universal feeling of sympathy with the Royal Widow and bereaved family operates in the same way. In every family gathering to-day there will be many a kind thought and kind word for the bereaved Lady and father less children who have to spend their first Christmas alone. And these quickened feelings of tenderness and sympathy, if they tend to make the happiness of the day more quiet and subdued than tuna, will at the same time increase its real significance, and deepen its social influence. Looking from the social circle to the nation at large, there is good ground for congratulation and thankfulness in the comparative prosperity that still prevails. Though the war on the other side of the Atlantic has stopped the regular supply of ono of our greatest manufacturing staples, fewer hands are out of employment than this time last year. Then thousands in Coventry and elsewhere were still de• pendent on public charity ; but at the present moment, though many mills in the North are work ing half time, few of any size or importance are closed. As yet the voice of distress is scarcely beard in the country. The weather has proved so genial that there has been uo need to make the usual appeal on behalf of the houseleas poor. This morning last year the earth was ironbound, and thousands of shivering outcasts were suffering the extremities of cold and hunger. But to-day our quiet Christmas enjoyment ia not clouded by the remembrance of such terrible hardships. With this comparative public prosperity there are, too, it may be fairly concluded, brightening signs of pubes. We desire to live at peace with all our neighboues, and, above all, with those of our kindred on the other side of the Atlantic. We desire no advantage, but simply the recognition of our rights, and honourable satisfaction for their infringerneut. If our American kinsmen are as peaceably inclined, the two nations may give each other, as we heartily give our readers, the good wishes of the MOM THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 25, 1861. r Ix the tranquillity of a hallowed and gracious • season, in the quiet momenta that come between holy rites and household celebestions, what can be more natural than to think of the priceless civil and social blessings which Christendom owes to the event we this day commemorate. " And all this " civilization rests upon Christianity—requires " Christianity as its indispensable basis," was the crowning reflection of one whose wise public ad dresses are now remembered with sad interest. The unity of the human race and the Divine vocation of man—what have not those profound and fruitful ideas, revealed, confirmed, and exalted by the Christian Revelation, done for the world. Wherever the religion of Jeans CHRIST is preached man becomes sacred in the eyes of his fellowmen because of his origin and divine destiny, because the image of Coe is re flected in him, and because he has been redeemed with ineffable goodness. On former anniversaries we might have been content complacently to develope and illustrate these reflections, and trace in many an historical crisis the operation and influence of Christianity in civilizing the human family by the sacredness with which it invests the person of every man. But we are keeping this great festival under cir cumstances unparalleled in history. Until now, although violence and oppression might abound in countries which were Christian in name, at least we knew that in every Christian society a testimony was borne, and a spiritual power was warring against every form of injustice and wrong. But all this is changed. Since we last celebrated the birth of Our Luse, events extraordinary and por tentous have taken place. A community, jealous of its Christian reputation, abounding in churches and wide and bibles, has separated itself from the rest of Christendom, formed its own govern ment, and founded that government upon social doctrines which oppose and defy the uninterrupted teaching and testimony of Christianity as to the relations of man with man. It may be of little importance that the Southern States of the American Union have renounced the political theories of the founders of the Republic, and the doctrines of the rights of man current at the era of the revolution; these things are human, local, transi tory. But it is much to have the very founda tions of Christian civilisation falsified and changed. The conscience of the Christian Church guided by the Sacred Scriptures has in all ages con demned slavery. The form which its opposition has taken has been shaped by prudence and a due regard for the general interests of society ; but in one form or another such opposition has been con stant, and has been uniformly based on the MUM grounds. The numbers of slaves in the decaying Roman world were immense ; sudden abolition was seldom if ever possible ; and the spirit of Christian society was a spirit of peace and order. But the ideas and maxims of Christianity were for ever at work to limit and to extirpate the evil, and to them were soon added positive and prao tical means. Councils legislated to counteract the ideas and manners of antiquity, to raise up a de graded class to respect, to limit the power of masters and give the bondsman the protection of the law, and generally to assimilate the condition of the slave to that of the freeman. Manumission before the congregation was encouraged, and the goods of the Church, even to the sacred things of the altar, when no other were available, were con sidered well spent in redeeming man from so great an evil. And while the Church did this, the hope of full and universal emancipation was never absent from her mind and purpose. Men we-s continually reminded of the marked and perpetual antagonism between the principles of slavery and those of Christian soc;ety. " You cannot be igno " rant," said the Tenth Council o: Toledo, " that these slaves have been redeemed " with the blood of Jesus Custer." " Since our Redeemer, the Creator of " all things," wrote Pope GREGORY TER GREAT, "has deigned in His goodness to mourns the flesh " of man, in order to restore to us our pristine " liberty, through His grace, breaking the bonds "of servitude which held us captives, it is a , " salutary deed to restore slaves by enfranchise " went to their native liberty, for in the beginning' " nature made them all free, and they have only "been subjected to the bondage of servitudeby the " law of nations." But before then ST. Avous rise, in his treatise " De Civitate Dei," had in voked the will of Ow) against slavery and in favour of the dignity of man :—" This is the " order of nations ; thus has man been created "Ly GOD. He has ordained that reasoning " creatures, made according to His own image, " shall rule only over creatures devoid of ma " son. He has not established the dominion "of man over man." How different from the degrading doctrines of ARisrorts and even of Pura. In sp;te, however, of Anoveruts and ORSOOST, and canons and council% slavery ex isted, but existed only as an evil which, too deeply rooted in society to be torn up, was to be jealously and impatiently watched, circumscribed, and, as soon as possible, obliterated. It is not, then, the more fact that slavery exists and is extending in the Southern States of North Americathatiseithernovel or alarming. That which is new, and is well calculated to alarm those who have made the mistake of supposing that the pro- 1 1 grass of ci‘ilization is automatic and mechanical, is that a sacred truth which has struggled for can tunes with man's interests and motives, is de throned and stifled. The sprealin tree which gkes shelter and shade is pierced in its tap root. The leaders of the South have deliberately re solved to put out the eyes of the Gospel. "Evil he thou my good" is their choice. " The founda tions of the new government are laid," Mr. 13verweirm, the Vioe-President of their Confedera tion, has said, " its corner-stone rests upon this " great truth, that slavery is the natural and " moral condition of the negro :" laid, therefore —since tho proper humanity is not denied—in avowed and daring impiety. How will Cloonan Society regard this open de fiance of its Kura 1 Has it calculated the pro- bable effect of the consolidation of a gigantic system of wickedness, systematic and entire, crime corresponding to crime, villainy entrenched and barricaded by villainy, all the various vices of human nature subordinate to one master vice, and the whole defended by power, flattered by litera ture, and blessed by a hireling priesthood with the sign of the cross t Does Christian Society con ceive that it ►as discharged all its duty by a few whispered repots, or a cheap commendation of the world to the care of Providence 1 It may be powerless to control events, but does it still pro fess to guard the region of moral ideas, or is the paralysing doctrine of the fait accompli to be admitted there alto 1 At a moment of halt and refreshment we commend these questions to the Church Militant. Faint the church towers of every capital in Christendom—save one—a glad and grateful peal rings out, m honour of this festal day. Only in ono devoted city is there no sign of joy—no sound of Christmas bell. Warsaw sits desolate ; her garb is that of mourning ; the chimes that every year upon this day for centuries past have summoned her people to thanksgiving and prayer are mute ; and the venerated hands wont to be raised in benediction are clasped in resignation in the loneliness of a prison cell. No child or mother, old man or youth, is seen going or coming in the neighbourhood of the many edifices dedicated to Divine worship. The gates of all are closed ; aisle, and nave, and chancel are alike empty, in token of a people's grief at the desecration of their hallowed shrines. It is a thousand years since the choral hymn failed to ascend on Christmas morn from any city of Poland. Whatever else may have been its shortcomings, it has never been re proached with lack of reverence or devotional feel ing. Many, indeed, have been apt to say of its people, that " in all things they were too snpersti " bona" What, then, must be their feelings when, on this great anniversary of the Christian world, the people of Warsaw see the doors of their temples closed, as an act of reverence of the Moer Hioa, and in signal protest against the blas phemy and brutality of oppression Many weeks have elapsed since the butchery committed in the great church of Warsaw by the soldiers of the Cast, yet that cowardly and in human act of barbarism remains unatoned for to the present hour. On the following day the vicar general of the arch-diocese ordered the gates of the churches to be closed, and forbade any reli gious service to be celebrated within their pre cincts, until the murderous violation of their sanctity should be disowned by the temporal authorities of the realm. The order was rigidly obeyed, not a murmur Of dissent having arisen from either clergy or people. Unmoved by a reproof that might have touched the oonsoisnes of any other government, it was resolved at St. Petersburg to follow up the out rage on the laity by taking vengeance on the clergy. Mgr. BIALO3II2BKI and twenty of his priests and curates were seized in their respective dwellings by order of the Governor, and thrown into prison. The charge against them was that of inciting to disaffection and revolt. They were given to understand that it they were ready to resume their pastoral functions, and to prevent the singing of commemorative hymns in the ser vice for the dead, they would be set at liberty. One and all refused ; and one and all have been doomed by a military tribunal, sitting within the walls of the Citadel, to banishment for ten years in Siberia. Most of them have been already hurried off to that huge open grave, into which Imperialism flings its victims, to perish of cold and cruelty. The aged and infirm \Twin-Getman is said to have been too ill to be removed, without foregoing the hope of his prolonged suffering. It was sup posed by ALFSANDER 11. and his confidential accomplices that the example thus made would , have struck terror into the rest of the clergy of I the city, and that the church doors would have been unlocked by the trembling hand of fear. But in this anticipation they have been wholly disap pointed ; and the latest tidings are to the effect that one hundred awl sixty of the clergy have been arrested and thrown into felons' cells. M. Wmerouisr, who for some months con sented to fill the post of Minister of Worship and Education, finding all remonstrance vain, has re signed. A man of noble family, good fortune, and rare attainments, his ambition has long led bun to court the favour of St. Petersburg, at the sacrifioe of popularity among his countrymen. M. Wimeroutxt always, indeed, wished it to be understood that he was actuated by an esoteric zeal for the rescue and redemp tion of his country ; but he tried to persuade others, and perhaps persuaded him self, that the way to serve Poland effectually was by winning power in the Russian administra tion. Until Moses could stand and speak in the court of PHARAOH he could not lead his people forth from bondage. So M. Wfluerot.sal has sper i the best years of his life in being, or seem ing to be, un-Polish enough to be trusted by the conquerors of his country ; he has clutched for a few brief months the prize so painfully sought; and now, even he is driven to withdraw from all participation in local government in disgust and despair. A nameless, noteless tool of power is appointed his successor; and every semblance of moral or social check upon the intemperance and insolence of alien despotism is thus removed. It was but the other day that our indignation was invoked, by the enemies of popular institu tions, against the severities which confessedly had hot been committed as yet in America, but which might be apprehended there, because they had been foretold by certain irresponsible writers in obscure journals as likely to happen.Whata pity that the fervid vocabulary of indignation should be exhausted on excesses about which it is only possible to speak in the subjunctive mood, when here, in our own dynastic quarter of the world, we are compelled to record enormities and crimes with indicative plainness and prec'sion. Have the idolators of hereditary right—the revilers of democratic inati tuions, no word of rebuke to spare, no cry of shame for the atrocities of Russian rule? Is the mere name of Imperialien still sufficient to sanc tify multitudinous misdeeds in Poland, as it was for years held by our instructors to justify like mea sures of remorseless repression in Italy and Hun gary, when perpetrated there by similar authority We say similar measures, because the Poles are subjected at this hour to the same arbitrary sen tences of protracted incarceration, of lifelong banishment, of ruinous mulcts, and of shameful and brutal punishment by the lash, which we were always told it was useless to exclaim against when inflicted by the legitimate rulers of Austria on refractory Hungarians or Italians. It is not • week since • young lady of good family re sident in Warsaw was overheard playing, in her own chamber, one of the forbidden songs of her country. In the course of the same afternoon • party of gendarmes entered the house, seized the youthful musician, dragged her to the office of the guard, and there, upon her refusal to swear that she would never sing or play the interdicted air again, inflicted upon her person stripes so many and so terrible that soon after her return to her father's dwelling she expired. So much for a sys tem of rule in which every shadow of democratic power is wanting. Set opposite to this the worst talk ever uttered in the two or three towns of the United States, where a half alien populace im pudently usurp the right to speak in the name of the Federal Commonwealth, and let any man with heart or conscience say which of the two ought to monopolise the virtuous indignation of neutral criticism. The rage of civil war may poison many of the ordinary influences of social life, and Ike] men's breasts to acts of harshness and inhumanity that at other times they would instinctively recoil from. it is possible that in progress of a terrible schism deeds may be perpetrated in America, in ' the excitement of conflict or the incoherency of tumult, as irreconcileable with the ordinary habits of law and justice as history tells us were enacted in our own country in days of civil war. But the popular Government of America cannot be MD preached with the iniquities of European WI perialism. The clergy of no hated race or sect are imprisoned or banished by scores; unarmed congregations, while upon their knees before the altar, are not set upon by disciplined Janissaries and doomed to death for no other crime than that of joining in the chorus of a traditional hymn ; women are not flogged to death for like offences ; and upon this auspicious day, when peace on earth and good will towards men were promised from on high, the population of a great city are not left without the means of public worship in consequence of the ferocious conduct of an alien garrison. be Cow. WINDSOR, Du. 24. The Prince of Wales, attended by Major-General the Hon. R. Bruce and Captain Grey, left Windsor Castle for Osborne this morning, having completed the last melancholy duties oonocctid with the ceremony yesterday. The Buie of Brabant and the Count of ilLiders left Wiadmor Castle thia morning, to pay a visit of condolence to her Majesty at Osborne. Their Royal Highnesses will proceed immediately to Brussels. OSBORNE, Duo. 2& Prince Arthur, the Crown Prince of Prase* the Duke of Saxe Coburg C ,tba, and his Grand Ducal Highness the Prince Louis of Hesse, left Osborne at a quarter before eight o'clock yeaterilay morning for Windsor Oast* to at tend the melancholy ceremony. In attendance were Lord Alfred Paget, Colonel the Hoo. Si- C. Phipps, Major Elphinetene, Colonel F. Seymour, Slots Fusilier Guards, Count Furatomstein. and Colonel von Obernits. The Crown Primo of Prussia remained after the funeral with the Prince of Wales; at Window. Prince Arthur, the Duke of Saxe Coburg, and Prince Louis of Here, returned to Caboose in the evening. Captain the HOC. J. Denman was in attendance at Osborne during the day. The Queen slept for several hours last night, and is com posed this morning. The Chancellor of the Exchequer left London yesterday for Haw..den Castle, Chester. Secretary Sir George Grey left town yesterday for High. worth. NESTING OF BRITISH RESIDENTS AT CANNES. A very numerous meeting of the inhabitants of Cannes—English and French—wan held on the 21st, for the purpose of proposing an address to Queen Victoria on her late severe bereavement. The ides originated with Lord Brougham, and was fully approved of by Lord Dalhousie (late Secretary of State for the We, Department when Lord Panmove), and by Lord Rokaby (mut by her Majesty, on Sir Edward Bowater's death, to take charge of Prince Leopold). The meeting wee held at the English Consulate, and sat a British subject at Cannes was abseot. Lord Brougham, being called to the chair, expressed himself la a very hlllllllll DISIIDIR on the great merits of the late Prince Consort, and dwelt particularly on the exertions of his Royal Highness in favour of popular education—his aid to arts and manufactures by the Exhibition of 1851—his presiding at the British Association of Science at York three years back—his forming the International Statistical Congrega— ted his known intention of presiding at the Congress of the National Association of Social Science to be held in London sextyear. Sonmey importantacts not on ly entitled the Prince, his lordship observed, to the national gratitude, but had rendered his name famous the whole world over, and hence his loss was a source of deep grief not only to the British nation, but to foreigners of every country. His lordship thou moved the following address : " We, your Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, residing at Cannes, are desirous of expressing the sorrow that we feel, in common with all our countrymen at home and abroad, for the irreparable loss which your Majesty has sustaioed, and which is rendered still more grievous by the affliction of last spring depriving you of your royal parent's sympathy and consolation under this heavy blow. " It may afford some comfort to reflect on the grateful moss so universally entertained of those rare qualities and great virtues which have been lost to your Majesty and the country, who derived from them bassets of inestimable value. But we devoutly trust that Divine Providence will help you to support with resignation, for the sake of your family and your people, a calamity which presses so severely upon an." The address was seconded by Lord DALHOUSIE, who spoke in eloquent terms of the domestic virtues of the late Priam, and after a few words from Lord Rokeby and Admiral Pakenham, was carried unanimowily. Every Englishman in thinness attended sod signed the address, which was forwarded by the same night's post to Sir George Grey, at tho Foreign Office. N. Lelia, the Mayor of Cannes, attended the meeting and signed the address, as representing the feeling and sympathy I of the town of Cannes, which appeared as sincere as that of l acy town in Greet Britain. Tai ARCHITECTURAL MUSEUM, SOUTH KENSING TON Mostuif.—The committee record their sense of the loss of their patron, the late Prince Cowart, in the follow hag terms :—" The committee of the Architectural Museum beg to testify their deep gnef at the decease of his Royal Highness the Prince Consort. White feelieg alike with all her Majesty's subjects the greatness of the national mis fortune, and respectfully sympathising with ■ loss which is irrepareble to the Sovereign awl the royal family, they trust that they may be permitted to 'spree, their own especial sorrow at the decesse of a Prince who has always shown himself the wise and learned promoter and munificent patron of art, and to whom the Architectural Museum owes a deep debt of gratitude for the kiudoess which induced his royal highness at the first foundation of the museum to honour it by condescending to become its patron." The Journal de St. Petersbourg, after an intro ductory passage, stating the fact of the death of the Prince Consort, says:—" We shall not enlarge to-day upon the eking of Prince Albert to the gratitude of the English, but must defer until another occasion to advert to a career which, although too short, will leave after it the memory of many excellent actions, and of • constant sod intelligent support of all ideas which were calculated to pro mote the prosperity or the glory of his adopted country. The Prince had a noble heart, and • great mind. Standing upon the highest step of the throne, he held • place which the institutions of the three kingdoms could, under certain circumstances, make • difficult one. lie under stood, however, how to display ► tact and preserve a loyal dignity of action, which, coupled with so many eminent qualities of mind sad so many noble and solid virtues, gained for him the sympathies of the nation that bad adopted him, and rewarded his merits with universal sateen)." His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, who has been confined to Gloucester House fur some days by a severe cold, is, we learn, much better. The Duke of Weiliugton Las left Apsley House for kis seat in Norfolk. The Duke awl Duchess of Manchester left their residence in Greet Stanhopeatreet on Monday, for Kim baton Castle. The Duke and Duchraa of Argyll have arrived in town from a tour on the Continent. The Duchess de Grafuont arrived in London on Saturday (on her way to Vienna), to visit her father, ie Hyde Park-plaoe, fora few days only. The Earl and Countess of Shaftesbury have left Groevenorsquare for their net, St. Giles House, Dorset. The Countess of Craven and the Ladies Craven have arrived in town front Ashdown' Phu*, Berke, for the winter. Viaoount Palmerston ia, We arc happy to learn, fast recoweriog from his kit attack of gout. Hie EreellencyLieuteuaut•General Baron Moltke, Lieuteoant•Colonel von Oberoita, the Count Furatenstein, and Captain von Leaned" have left Mangy's Haiti, for Berlin. Mr. and Lady Mary Craven are passing the areas at Median Mowbray. Secretary Sir George Grey left town yesterday forliisliverth._ Sir Alexander and Lady Walet have returned to Fnuakfort, from a alit to Lady Brougham, is (indica stmt. Er. Joan, of Pantglas, M.P., and Mn. Jones base left Quer residence in Eatonoquare for Patten', Cat rearthenshire. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. ENGLAND AND AMERICA. We read in the Temps : " A letter from Washington, received by the last steamer, and written by a person who is in a position to be well-informed upon the intentions of the American govern ment, has been communicated to us. This letter affirms that the American government was disposed to give up Messrs. Mason and Slidell upon the demand of England, on the condition that the English government, basing its demand upon the right of neutrals, violated by the act of Commander Wilkes, will sanction the doctrine always professed by the United States, and the formal recognition of which by England has been vainly sought on several occasions by the United States." ITALY. The following is an extract from a Naples letter of Dec. 17 : "M. Vera, our new professor of history in the University, has just pronounced his introductory lecture, and greatly scandalised some of the audience by a very open profession of pantheism. German philosophy was only introduced into Naples by the late revolution, and the youth in the schools take to it very kindly. The peculiar aptitude of the Neapolitans for metaphysical studies is re markable. The names of Campanella Vico and others prove this. Just now, in spite of political anxiety, there is a feverish thirst for specu'Oive inquiries. We are inundated with volumes d /a Hegel. I have one now on my table by a young adept, M. Florian del Zio, on the Encyclopaedia of Philosophic Sciences.' It is only within the last year that people dared to mention the name of Hegel iu Naples, and now, in spite of the dislike of Germany, that great philosopher has more disciples here than in Paris, or all France put together. Such is the feeling generated amongst us by the Pope's obstinacy. And, moreover, schismatic propa3andism makes enormous progress with the lower classes. Simple-minded people are becoming protestants, and (allow me the expression) people of complicated minds turn pantheists." (=ma's nuarrxe.) THE ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS. TIIRLN, Dic. 24. Advices received here from Naples state that N. PalnUeri has issued another report, according to which eight shocks of earthquake have been felt during the last two days. Vesuvius throws up very dense columns of ashes, which are carried by the wind as far as Naples. No disaster has occurred. MALTA. VIENNA, Dec. 24. The Vienna papers publish news from Malta, ac cording to which the Maltese tribunals have sen tenced Captain Caraliere Dino, of the Italian frigate Mozambano, to three months', and his Lieutenant to two months' imprisonment, with hard labour, for committing an assault on the editor of the Portofoglio. THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHABECT, Dec. Z 3, ENAMING. Prince Couza has to-day transmitted to the authorities by telegraph a proclamation announc ing hie consent to the union of the Principalities. In consequence of this proclamation the city is illuminated, and the Chamber has unanimously voted its thanks to the Prince. The United Assembly for Moldavia and Walla. chin is convened for the 24th January in Bucharest. MAREMILLFS, Dec. 24. According to advice' received here, Prince Simi, brother of the Bey of Tunis, is dead. PORTUGAL. LISBON, Dsc. 23. Prince Joao, brother of the King of Portugal, is very dangerously ill. HOLLAND. On the 21st instant the Second Chamber of the States General of Holland declared by a formal vote its want of confidence in the ministry. The conse quence will be tither the dissolution of the Chamber or the retirement of the ministry. There has been for a long tune a permanent ministerial crisis in Holland, with conflicts generally turning upon se condary questions. GERMANY. A Munich letter in the Mottiteur says The Duke of Brunswick, though only 116 years of age, ' has the privilege, common to all pereowes without din A heirs, of seeing his succession discussed in his lifetime. Hitherto it has been considered as almost tattled that the House of Hanover, as the nearest agnate, would inherit his Duchy, but all at wee a new competitor ha. arisen in the parson of the King of Prussia, who pretends to wenn rights superior to those of Hanover. There are conse quently grouGds either for a lawsuit or at least for arbi tration. The National Association, which madlea with everything and doubts of nothing, advises Prussia, through the journals which act as its organs, to decide the difficulty by purely and simply winos on the Duchy when the op- Fortune moment shall arrive. Bat perhaps this expeditions manner of terminating the difference *al not be to the taste of the Germanic Confederation. MOUNT VESUVIUS. The Official Journal of Naples publishes the latest report of M. Pelinkni, director of the observatory of that city, containing an account of the decline of the pre sent eruption up to the 17th. He states that although Mount Vesuvius has nearly subsided into its usual quiet *We, yet a quantity of carbonic acid is still evolved from the soil of Tome del Greco, leading to the belief that all the crevices opened there communicate with a vast subterranean receptacle of that gas, extending far under the sea, where numerous bubbles are seen to arise, and the death of a large number of fish has been marked in consequence. This time the eruption bail not been announced by the disappearance of water from the wells, but, on the contrary, by the opening of new springs strongly accidulsted with carbonic acid, which has also tainted the water of revered wells, which, at the same time, haa risen to s higher level to thee. But the most singular pheno menon mentioned by M. Palmieri is, that the soil has risen nine-eighths of a metre above the level of the sea ; aged since tine rising has taken place above the old lava of 1791, the latter hes been broken and cracked in various directions, which has calmed the fall of many edifices built upon it. The true cause of the receding of the sea, so often men tioned by authors, and not credited, as no CALM could be assigned for it, is now fully explained ; it is not the sea that recedes, but the soil that rises. "It now remains to be seen," says M. Palmieri, " whether this rising will go down again ; and I would therefore recommend the landowners of Torre del Greco not to set about rebuilding their houses just yet." The craters continue to emit sulphurous hydro chloric acid, and also • certain quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen. Among the sublimations may be mentioned a large amount of sulphur, the usual chlorides of iron, and • little specular iron ore. Tho Lombardia of Milan states in a letter from Turin, that M. Campanella, late editor of the Italia del Tapplo, has lett Genoa for London, to invite Marsini to re turn to Italy, and surrender to take his trial ; sod that at the gams time • deputation, composed of MM. Mordini and Sat, is to be sent tow King to solicit the royal pardon far Marsini. A correspondent of Galignani gives the following intellinesce from Causes:—" Lord Rokeby remains here till Tuesday next, when he will be replaced by Lieut.-Colooel Cavendish, now on his way to this place to take charge of Prince Leopold. It has been wisely decided to allow the Prince to remain here, as he has already derived so much benefit from bin short re siduum. Ile has quite recovered his appetite, and is able to take any fair amount of enerciae, and plays about with Yr. W. Brougham's little boy, who is his own age, just like say other healthy cluld. The effect produced on him by this wonderful climate is really miraculous. Lady Bowater and her daughter remain." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (non ous owa cozauroxprrr.) PARIS. TUESDAY EMITNO. A mot of M. Saint Marc Girardin's, which will not soon be forgotten—" it is not the empire which supports the Emperor, but the Emperor which sup porta the empire"—is picked out from yesterday's article in the Di%as as a text for impressive con tradictions by the government journals. The Bourse opened with some animation, owing to the confirmation by the Stock Exchange (with another ito boot) of the rise of per cent. in Consols, which was reported here as having taken place after official hours on Saturday. The Bente, which was done by the assessors yesterday evening at prices very much lower than 67fr. 30c.—the last official quotation—opened at 67fr. 35c., and rose to 67fr. 50c. But in the latter part of the day, although no news of an unquieting nature was stirring, the market became exceedingly dull. Rents closed at 67fr. 25c. both forcash and account, being a fall, in the latter case, of sc. Mobilier closed with a rise of 3fr. 75c., after having been fife. or 7fr. higher. The Italian Loan fluctuated be tween 65fr. 80c. and 65fr. 10c, closing at 65fr. 25c., with a fall of 30c. Railways were generally from lfr._2sc. to 2fr. 500. higher. M. oer6ine, probably the moat eminent among the younger generation of French living painters, the author of the "Death of Qatar," "The Augurs," "Phryn6 before the Areopagus," drc., arc., was yesterday seriously wounded in a duel with M. Stevens, a brother artist. Some of the morning papers report that his arm was broken, but it appears that the ball which struck him went round the bone, leaving only a bad flesh wound, from which, however, no danger is apprehended. A lady's name is mentioned iu connexion with the renoontre. A man named Dupille, the suspected murderer of the driver of the Beauvais mail cart, was tracked to the house of one of his relations by some constables under the direction of a village mayor, named Charpentier. Finding the house beset Dupille jumped out of a window and took to his heels ; the mayor fired two pistols at him as he ran off, but missed both times. The whole country was up and hunting the fugitive in the woods at the date of the last news. A large collection of modern porcelain and a few pictures, belonging to the Count de Trapani, was sold by auction to-day at the public rooms in the Rue Drouot; the prices obtained were very high, and in many instances beyond the cost price of the articles. ITALY. In the course of a speech recently delivered by M. Ratazzi, President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, he mentioned that a coalition of clericals, protestat;te, and Voltairians existed against the imperial government : M. Itataizi has since received & protest signed by a great number of the clergy and members of the French reioneed church, in which they remonstrate against the injustice of the remarks of the hon. presideut, whose judg ment, they say, was founded on the perusal of the book recently puled by M. Guizot, and which he Itateszi) has incorrectly regarded as the ex preuiou of the sentiments of the protestants in France. They state their opinion that, as the church of Christ is • spiritual institution, the whole scaffolding of the temporal power of the Em= church mast fall before true Christian principles, and before the great ideas of religions liberty which are spreading over the world. The protestants of France, adds the, protest, are neither incredulous men nor demagogues, but are the mast devoted citizens of their country. The document on concludes by expressing wishes for the prosperi*y of the great Italian nation. M. Itatazzi, in reply, expresses re- gret that bis remarks should have been interpreted in a sense offensive to the French imangente in general. When he stated that among the dOseden of the Pope were not only clericals and catholic., but catholic. and Voltairians, he did not mean the whole of either of those bodies, although lie must still bold to his former assertion that there were many who followed in that path from political motives, and merely to show their opposition to the Imps rial_governmeet. The hon. gentleman adds that he is now happy to admit that the great body of the French protes tants are not actuated by such sentiments. The Official Gazette of Turin publishes the law re cently voted for extending the war tax of 10 pee cent. to the provinces hitherto exempt from it. Some of the Italian journals state that M. San Martino has accepted the portfolio of the Interior in the Ricasoli cabinet. The following is the text of a letter addressed by Garibaldi to the provincial Council of Calabria Ulterior, in answer to an address from that body ; Caprera, Nov. 12.—Your blood has not deviated from the path traced by your ancestor When the destined hour shall strike, I shall again see you in arms, to the ter ror of the enemies of Italy. The time is not far 'Want. Bs all prepared for that last trial, and we shall conquer.— Yours, GARIBALDI. A letter from Venice says it is impossible to draw darker picture than the state of affairs there now. Winter has set in, all commerce has ceased • those nominally rich only spend . the money actually ne cessary for their immediate wants ; no surperfluous luxuries are lavishly bestowed ; no strangers till the hotels ; but everywhere are poverty and bank ruptcy. And why is this r First, the port of Venice a few years since was thronged with merchant ships ; now the long and secure harbour of the Guideoca mouot show the flag of England, nor of France, nor of any other country but Austria. There are small vessels of coast trade, there are colliers, and even now and then cargoes arrive fur the reilway company ; but for the general traffic, the great commercial interests, there is scarcely a foreign flag to flutter in the breeze. The merchant has withdrawn from speculation, his clerks are discharged, his porters become mendicants, and throughout the whole city, with the exception of some Jewish antiquarians, the buying and selling is merely nominal. Walk through the Meneria at the hour when the monotonous foot-fall Minks the movement of people, look into every shop, and out of hundreds that pass not six will buy. Ask these shopenea how they thrive, and the bitter sneer will only herald the words, "We are all ruined." Anti where is the mask and mummery of • Venetian carnival Surely that time will produce animation and traffic—not so. last year the caramel was buried, and not one mask had appeared. This year will not resuscitate the former merriment. But the Emperor is nain to visit Venice ou the 24th of this mouth ; the Empress is there. and courts are always surrounded by the rich. Balls, dowers, and operas must enliven the city, and lead to the circulation of money. Not so. The Venetians of fortune--Rua they are not legion—will keep aloof, and those who can remain in the country will not hazard:the suspicion of disloyalty hycomiag to the city, and refusing the invitation to court. The Em peror came privately into the city on the morning of the Ist December, and remained a week, when he went out again in the dark—Dot a Venetian encumbered his path. He came and he went unnoticed, unobserved, unwelcomed. The Piazza was illuminated, and the band played. The music ceased, and the lamps glared and flickered to solitude ; not a Venetian crossed the fiend Place in Europe. The next rimming the thou and jets of gas were removed, and were they lighted during the imperial visit. The band played every day, and soldiers were driven like sheep in a fold to make • display; but, with the exception of Austrian officers and their families, no one came to listen to the finest military music that could be beard. There was a grand review, and the Emperor, iu all the pomp sod majesty of military parade, was then; but only • few of the lowest Veuetiaus attended. There was • sham fight on the Lido—a sight which geuerally attracts thousands — but not a Venetian stirred from his house. But still the " coming events cast their shadows before ;" new fortiticatioas are ordered ; an d th e display o f liberality in the abolition of that public nuisance, the passport system, is now an acknowledged farce. It is true you can come and go on the Austrian territory without annoyance ; but can the bird fly beyoud the con fines—can the Venetian escape his iron cage` Most cer tainty not. The whom whose law is above all, and whose judgments are arbitrary, from which there is no &Neal. will not allow • passport to go out of the country, and your affairs may be in jeopardy, your wife upon a bed of sick ness, a child dying of a filer, and your pressing and inset demand for • passport will be unavailing. You are knows actually to have wished Wire free, anti to be governed by a king of . your own country—it is enough. Your petition is seheard—y,ur demand is never to be granted. bt ßerim ile. Patti is singing with very great success at The Nationalverein has remitted 30,000 florins more to the Minister of Marine for the Prussian fleet. which raises to 130,000 florins the amount subscribed by that es soxiatioa. • I • W the 1 Exbi vigor Vg Der to the Th, were 1 and F wf Conot Minist eiders justifil San goven heeite goveri As Royal Atlill Mouth The of Hodge - - - Tx TEAM of the from • clop missio provis of tha Lomb Irish grstof men war 1 very u destro cities, avows puzzle direct nut as two c foreio an hnl nature, wlate Chaue, lieu and F. Le The n eduott pestle tonne of 29. Flynn feseiot of obi boson Cu Yodel closed offices &tun other the 11 Tit moni am: and in 24. day, The C canoes if not inept