The Express. — London, England, 1861-01-29 00:00:00

ALL TEAS at MERCHANTS' PROFITS. r.• riscsT itaarsateed. Is. Id. pet Ito. MIMIC BIltrIllISS awl M., >K loaseawlariase. City. PARISIAN PAPER HANGINGS, at the Int l —V. CITA VVIN, Oil sal fg, OX/011D. SMUT. cl.me Wen. Primeeris Mean. P. FIRST CLASS sed LONDON PRIZE ED %LS. MATIIER•TIJ\ Iua.IBROC PEN:, no Ilter4lllll4 and JEW ELLEIt.4. ll.teatatery. 11. Coveut-g.Neu, W C.. London It I te...t.ghli.hmeat eke.' at 0 In the evening, and us Retenty • et I J'ARMONIUMS—NEW MODEL.— mom,. alum awl Co.. tn, Zoginit-streel CM erareOgi. TO CORZESPONDIINTS. laysifliwaroto latetabal for ••ID. Lopreoo" London Kooning Jrtw. aotO be at Oat oaf* IJ, boatorle.atrert, by Two fitt ea %Ns diky of publication. MATMAXICIT. TRIO rFTIMII, STOOP 4 TI FooN9FER. Ileum pr mid.. awl Work4une. M 1 Fanny .11r1Inz.—And QUEEN LALPYMIRD AND HER CHILIPFJ:N. or. IlarioNnin nowt a lbw.) M Me. than Luis. TheLeckaroyo. Ma V. % right, %Ts* L filLINC161(111. TRIS EVILIIIIn. RI V SCAA Ilessra Yet Ater. I' .11 Teter. sal 11 Mho. 4th.—Mal *be pentoeiltne, galled 111)BIN* , V CRI*OnE . or. Ilarketahe Trklay. sad The Kl 4 of the (anlblo Moue. &games i )I,llk. )1. Lhasilatre, Mr. A. Monet. JAyrrs. Tim Imam, MT W lYfi WIN AL—THE 1412 OW RT. TIWPCX firear.A.Wlem mad Emery: Mrs. Itarklnorbans DYLION. Wear& C. Yaw* Aral Balmora Mimes St Casmilerbarl. sad Saimaa.—Cosaaa. scr at lialtpust 1. lUMAXNIA. Twin ILVWWW. THE PIUNCE AND THE MA L Mean. P►n7. JOIN lode, Roby. and Newton: 11.111 e C . Miss I►uWy Mr► W. Cr./gni...AM A MEMAGE TUC ILA. Memrs. NM Anytime's: Mn. t .truul.L WON WATICI AT LONDON IIIWO& DAT —Maras& 311. ram .... Mime o% 411. que. ToaatioN—llerNies, al. 4h. aw LONDON, TUESDAY, JAN. 29. Sii eti. people, li ing outside of Lancashire, have been purriml for years put by a phenomenon which is now to some extent explained. For twenty years, and more especially for the last ten, reflecting men have wondered what the Lancashire manufacturers could mean by their apathy in regard to securing a supply of the raw material of their manufacture. Vigorous as they have shown themselves in action on other matters, muni ficent, united., self-reliant—the very body of men to carry any point of social importance, they have been so apathetic as to be really obstructive in the ease which of all others should have been the most important in their eyes. We are now told that they have been trusting to the law of demand and supply. Is it possible Can such men have supposed that demand and supply would for ever act in correct response in such a case as that of a product grown in one place, under conditions of extreme precariousness • - Demand must sooner or later go famishing till supply could recover, unless some alternative were provided : and what wore we, with our huge cotton interest, to do in the interval ? It would have been as reasonable for .lusts n to have trusted to the law of demand and supply in Egypt after knowing about PHARAOH'S dream. He might as well have been apathetic about how the people were to be fed in a lean year, as our Lancashire gentry about how their neighbours were to be employed whenever the time should conic which must come, when the crisis of Ame rican slavery should have to be got over. For eleven years the American revolution has been known to be in progress ; for five years we have been aware that a Presidential election would be the occasion of the crisis ; yet it has been impossible to get either attention or money from this zealous and opulent class of citi zens for an object which they should have taken into their own hands. At last they seem to per ceive that a supply of cotton will not pour into Liverpool at a moment, in answer to their call, unless they see to its production. If they had applied to this enterprise five years ago a million of the money they have spared to fancy investments, it would have been a blessing to the people of our own country and of many others. They perceive this at last ; and we may trust to their energy and liberality, when once rowed, to take care that the law of demand and supply has a fair field to work in, and with all speed, so that millions may not starve while the supply is being created. The purpose being formed, the capital asked for, and the existing machinery of the Cotton Supply Association destined to be enlarged and strength ened, it is necessary, in the next place,' that the object should be definite, and the ' conditions of the case thoroughly understood. There is no time now for trying experiments about where cotton will grow, and indulging in specula tions about whom we may civilian by setting them to grow cotton. Such questions may be taken in hand by those who feel a special interest in them ; but they must not at this moment be mixed up with the pressing business we have now to attend to. We know where cotton will grow, in various parts of our own empire : and we quite under stand what the requisites of a good supply actually are. To those parts of our own territory, then, we must turn, and not allow our attention to be diverted from them till the plant is growing well. 3loney must be invested for securing the asoomary and well-understood conditions in India and Australia, in the first place ; and if in the West Indies, eo much the better. We shall gladly buy all good cotton that may appear from any part of the world, grown by anybody ; the market is open to all; butthe capital subscribed, and the effort devoted to create a fresh and reliable supply, mutt be directed to those fields which will most certainly yield what we want. In order to this directness of aim, it will be well to get rid of some notions which hang about and obscure a good many minds among us ; and especially the association of negro labour with the production of cotton. There is nothing in cotton culture which pre vents white labour being the best, as it is wherever it is tried. The best cotton sent into the muket from America is that which has been raised, picked, and prepared by German, Irish, and other settlers, in Alabama as well u in Teas We are told, on high Southern authority, in statistical reports, that one-ninth of the labour employed in American cotton-growing is white, the number of white labourers being, two years since, about 100,000. The enormous waste from bad tillage and bad picking by negroes has thus become known to us ; and we hare learned that the best and cheapest supply is to be obtained by uniting the superior labour of the white settler with the resources of the planter in the way of extensive management—machinery, males, de. We need hardly explain that oottott does not, like rice sad sugar, require a swampy soil and tropical heat. It grows best in sea air, on the one hand, and on table lands on the other. It has been found, by HUM SOLIer and others, flourishing in its natural state at four, five, and nine thousand feet above the , level of the sea. Within our own territory, we know that the table land of the Dekkan is as fine a field for cotton growing as cat be had. Bfs is I Queen:limn' in Australia, where British labourers can work as well a 1 at home. The occupation is itself not more toilsome than ordinary agricultural labour at horn*. This consideration is important in many ways ; but to us, at this moment, it is particularly so as turning our attention from negro labour altogether, as a condition of production. If the negroes of the West Indies will extend their cotton cultivation, so much the better. They seem to be willing ; and it will be worth some effort to enable them to grow more : but what ever they produce will be in their capacity of residents on a good soil, and not as negroes. The same may be said of the people in India. It is not as Hindoos or other dark people that they will send us more cotton (any more than flax), but as the inhabitants of a good cotton•producing country. The time will conic when there will be hundreds of thou sands of white men raising cotton in America, and of negroes in the West Indies and in Africa, and of various coloured races in India, and of whites, and possibly Chinese in Australia, because the work comes naturally to them all, on the proper soil, through a wide range of climate. This ought to be understood, that we may not be led into the mistake of relying for our raw material, more or less, on the chance of the migra tion of free negroes to Africa. All sensible and liberal-minded mon must desire the civilization of the African races, and particularly the introduc tion of trade and encouragement of industry, to the exclusion of barbaric wars and the slavery they are made to subserve. Let us have as much cotton from Africa, and as much of every other African product as can be obtained from the natives to their own great advantage ; but, if the introduction of free negro immigrants really is necessary (as we hear from Liberia) to the effective and steady production of cotton, we must build no expectation on that chance. It is thoroughly well known to all who are practically acquainted with the free negroes of the United States, Canada, and the West Indies, that nothing can induce them to go to Africa. Those in the British dominionschoose to live under British rule. Those of the United States consider their honour, loyalty, and attachment to their race involved in this matter. We need only point to their annual Conventions, with the regular resolutions against expatriation, and to the failure of all efforts, for forty years, to tempt or drive them to Africa, for evidence of their purpose to stay where they are. They know that the way to perpetuate the slavery of their race is to remain a despised class, from which the able and enterprising are weeded out, and thrown upon the barbaric shore of Africa; and they choose to remain in America as Americans, and make themselves respected there. Their children are now in the common schools of Massachusetts, among the whites ; their sons and daughters are at colleges, open to students of all complexions ; they have among them clergymen, physicians, and opulent merchants, owners of houses and ships. Why should they migrate to a barbarous country to grow cotton for us, or anything for anybody When we hear, therefore, as we now do from Liberia, that we shall be supplied with avast quan tity of cotton whenever free negroes shall migrate thither, with due skill and capital, in proportion to the number of raw labourers on the spot, we must leave that prospect out of our account as one not to be depended on. There is every ground for hope that Africa will, in course of time, supply every manufacturing country with large quantities of raw material ; and no effort bestowed in en couraging native industry is, we believe, ever thrown away; but at present our affairs are urgent, and we must look to those quarters from which we may expect the most immediate and probable sup ply. A large capital first : a great effort made in India (which may as well include flax, while we sre about icin those parts of the Punjaub which are to send us the flax wo want, sooner or later) ; a strong pressure upon the Minister and Government of India to urge forward such public works as will affect the production of cotton ; a ready acceptance of the good will of the Govern ment to encourage the settlement of Queensland for the benefit of our cotton manufacture ; these are the ways for us to proceed without the loss of a day. It is well that somebody has had some foresight. Mr. BAZLIY and a few fellow-workers have prepared the way for action, and if the Lan cashire manufacturers will now supply the requi site capital with a liberal hand, we may suffer as little as is now practicable from a liability which we ought to have escaped altogether. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1861. MANCHESTER AND INDIA. At the annual general meeting of the Idanchester Chamber of Commerce, hell on the 21st instant, Edmund Potter, Esq., iu the chair, it was unani mowdy resolved : That this manual meeting of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce desires to impress upon the new board of directors the importance of giving special attention during the coming year to the financial and commercial affairs of India, and erausets the desirability of conferring with other chambers of commerce sod parties interested in the trade, with a view to suited action. Iu accordance with this resolution the following circular has been issued : Manchester Chamber of Commerce, Jan. 23, la6l. Dear Sir,-1 beg to mously pared at the annual meeting of this clamber, held am thirst ie,t. The directors Where that the most effoctual mode of car net the wishes of that meetiog will be to invite such gen as from their position and knowledge of Indian &daimons otudified to aid them in their deliberations on that most important subject to meet them a: a conference, to be held here on Thureday. the :fist in-tant, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, for the purpose of taking into considers tics the best meson of bringing under the notice of her Majesty's government and the House of Commons such resolutions an may then be adopted. I need hardly add that I and my colleagues attach the utmost importance to this movement at the present zri tics] juncture. We, therefore. confidently hope we may be favoured with your presence on that occasion. Thedirectors hope to have the pleenure of your company at dinner at half-past six o'clock on the evening of the same day. —I asa dear sir, yours faithfully, EDMUND Perm, President. We confidently trust that this invitation will meet a full response. The mote the actual state of things in India is examined, the more clearly will the necessity of bringing and keeping the con- Cents of our Eastern possessions within view of the unofficial and practical mind of the country be felt. We understand that the issue of invitations has been governed by the desire to assemble gentlemen who ate likely to bring knowledge and discernment to the deliberations of the day, and we therefore trust that floes to whom they are addressed will not allow trifling obstacles to prevent their attendance. TER RIPIIIIIIMITATION Or COVENTRY.—The Rirtn infirm Doily Pest says, should the Rif ht Hon. E. Ellice, 1.P., oat bis intention of reigning his se►t for the el Owenby at the next geueml election, the Ham. E. C. Leigh, brother of the noble and much aoteeseed Led-Lioulemust eI the snooty is freely spoken of as his sarressoor, and little doubt is entertained of his being ro om& fry a larp majority. comaiilanders W. M. T. Pascoe and L C. H. Robieme have been appointed naval mail agents ea the Southampton station. Lieutenant Tickell, RN. , naval EMU nest es the Holyhead end Dublin lie*, has resigned. Liseemesa Hammer, N., has been appointed naval mail soma ea the bedlam has. The mail itemiser, New York, which went ashore is the Mew Met week will leave Solithamptoe this day. ♦ United Mates mail woe despatched from the Gemini Peet-elkei lest sight loM pat on beard of her. (Di Court. WINDSOR CASTLE, J. 20.. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Alice, rode out on horseback this morning, attended by Lady +Mac• donakl and Colonel the Hon. A. N. Hood. The Prince Consort went out shooting, attended by Lord Hirers, the Hon. Colonel Sir C. Phipps, and Colonel iNinsonby. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of Viscount Palmerston, in Downing-street. The ministers present were Vis count Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, Sir G. Cornwall Lewis, Lord John Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Lord Herbert, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, Lord Stanley of Alderley, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, Sir George Grey, and the Right Hon. Fslwarti Cardwell. General Le Dupuy, resident. minister of Hayti, had an interview with the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson ytatenlay. at the office of the Board of Trade. THE PRINCE OP WALES IN THE HUNTING FIELD. C.IMBRIDGE, JAN. 28. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales joined the field of the Cambridgeshire Hunt to-day, attended by his equerry, Captain Grey. The meet was at Childerley, in thu vicinity of Mailingley, and in consequence of a runiour having got abroad that the Prince was likely to be present, the Geld was a very numerous one. The lord. lieutenant (the Earl of Hardwicke) sod his son were pre sent, and the University supplied a goodly quota of at. tendants. A find was made at Honey-bill. Reynard made straight fur Redingley, but turned at the ple,r.ure ground and went back through Drayton to Kuapwell. grove, and thence to Dosworth. Here the hunted fox was left in some farm 'buildings, the hounds getting on the hoe of a fresh one, which however had been gone genie time, and went by a circuitous course towards Childerley, in the neighbourhood of which they were called off without a kill. In the fore part of the day the pace was tremendous, considering the heaviness of the country; of both some idea may be formed from the fact that two home were killed. Altogether it was a very fair day. Hie Royal Highness rode well up, and took his fences g.kamatly sad well. Tur. QVEEN •ND SHE COVENTRY WEAVERS..-...A. frisk proof of her Majesty's benevolence and consideration for her suffering subjects has just transpired. In addition to her liberal donation, and to her encouraging patronage of their skill, the Queen has communicated to the Coventry trade a pattern of ribbon found in the Summer Palace of the Emperor of China. The public will doubtless appreciate this gracious and graceful act of the sovereign. We feel assured that the " Pekin Palace ribbon " will, when pro duced, be eagerly sought after, not only as a curiosity, but as a memorial of her Majesty's goodness and of the gal lantry of her brave troops.—Post. Hitt Excellency the Count tie Lavradio, who has been suffering from a Wren) COW, has gone to St. Leonard's to re-establish bits health. HIS Excellency General von Bonin, on a special mission from his Majesty the King of Prussia, accompa nied by Colonel Blumenthal and Captain Bonin, has left Maarigy's Hotel for Windsor Castle. The Duke of Hamilton came to town last evening, from Paris. His grace leaves town to-day for Easton Park, Suffolk. The Marquis of Abercorn leaves town to-day for Bracket Hall, Herts. The marchioness remains in town. Lord Crewe comes to town to-day from Crewe Hail, Cheshire. The Right Hon. Sir George and Lady Grey have arrived at their residence in Eaton-place, from Fallo des, Northumberland. On Saturday was celebrated at St. Peter's, F.atoa•gaare, the marriage of his Serene Highness Prince Vidor of Hobanlobe Laogeoberg, Captain R.N., to Laura Willhunina, youngest daughter of Admiral Sir George F. Seymour, G.C.B. Last evening a special general meeting of tho Institute of British Architects was held, at the instance of Mr. Tite, M.P., to discuss the various processes for the pre serration of stone. There was a numerous attendance of both members and visitors. Mr. Digby Wyatt, Vice-Pre sident of the Institute, occupied the chair. On the motion of Mr. G. Scott, seconded by Mr. Godwin, a vote of thanks was awarded to Mr. Me for his interesting remarks, and the further discussion of the subject was adjourned until the next ordinary meeting of the institute. Lord Leigh has offered, through the Coventry School of Art, to give two medals—a gold one for the best fancy ribbon, in style, make, and harmony of colour ; and • silver one for the best six designs for ribbons. Lady Leigh is about to give • prize for the best plain ribbon, having special reference to cheapness as well as quality. The of oers and crew of her Majesty's ship Seaspareil have contributed one day's pay each for the poor weavers of Coventry. Nearly seventy boys have been received on board the government school ship Eagle, since she has been in Southampton Water. There are now WO boys on board of her. Messrs. Doge°, G. N. Coolopey, and Stehbing, three benevolent gentlemen of Southampton, pay all the ex. pima of conveying boys whose friends are poor to and front that town and the ship to be examined. We (Post) believe we way confidently anticipate that the Bankruptcy Bill of the government will be intro duced into the House of Commons on the first night of the A new Isle of Wight Steam Packet Company h►ve started to run steamers, built upon en American model, between Southampton and Cowes. The steamers are now building at Millbrooic, on Southampton Water, and are to be constructed so as to carry horses and carriages as well as peasengers, and thus render the employment of tow boats unnecemary. The company have taken a lease of Cowes Pier for twenty-one years. Their packets will start from the When river instead of from Southampton Pier, to avoid all pier dues for passengers and their baggage. The pas age between Southampton and Cowes will be made in half en hour, and the fare fur a single parienger will be one shilling only. Tho new steamers will, it is expected, com mence running next summer. The railroad between Cowes and Newport, the centre al the late of Wight, will be opened in May next. The King of the Netherlands and Prince Henry have left the capital to personally inspect those portions of the kingdom now inundated. In the town of Hurgozen bureh alone 7,000 villagers from the surrounding districts have taken refuge. Benevolence has beet most actively shown, not only in Holland but in foreign countries, and specially in the neighbouring country of Belgium, whence thousands of gulden have been sent for the relief of the distressed. The danger is not yet pest, hat although a thaw has set in the water diminishes. The ice is particularly threatening at Corkum, at the confluence of the Vaal and the Maas. The fourteenth seat in the French Academy, of which Father lacordaire has just t►ken possession, has been intoceseively occupied by Vaugelas, Foudery, Dougeaux, the Duke de Richelieu, the Duke d'Haroourt, Lamle de Comic, sad Alexis de Tocquevalle. The usual yearly statistics of the passenger traffic between France and this country have just been published by the French custom•houss. It ►ppears that the number of passengers arriving at or leaving the French ports, taking arrivals and departures together, were as follows in the year 1860 Boulogne, 102,829 passengers ; Calais, 74,875 ; other ports, 55,833 ; total, 233,537 passengers. In the year 1959 the numbers had been, at Boulogne, 86,579 passengers ; Calais, 67,311; other porta, 51,566 ; total, 906,456 passengers. There is thus an increase at Boulogne of 16,250 passengers, or 184 per cent. ; at Wain, of 7,564 peseengers, or 11 per cent.; at the other ports, of 4,267 pas sengers, or 8 per cent.; giving a total increase of 28,081 pmeengers, or 13 per cent. The total number of pas wagers between British and Belgian ports amounted to 27,722 in 1860. The Danish Diet sanctioned yesterday the government contract from the 18th of December, 1880, with Mr. Peto, relative to the railway through Finland, the east coma of Jutland, from Aalborg, to the South flebleswig Railway, and from Aarhus towards the week art. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. PRUSSIA AND ITALY. An interesting incident characterised the deli berations of the commission appointed by the Prussian Chamber of Representatives to indite the address in reply to the royal speech. M. de Vincke proposed to insert in this address a paragraph declaring that the consolidation of Italian unity was in the interest of Europe. This proposi tion was rejected by the commission, but by a majority of 1 only-9 voting for it and 10 against it. M. de Vincke, after this vote, declined the office of reporter of the commission, which had been conferred upon him. The following are given by the Ledirentianee Beige as the objects which General de la Marmora is now endeavouring to promote at Berlin on be half of the Piedmoutese government; namely, to reassure Prussia as to the intentions of Piedmont with regard to Germany ; to induce her to recognise the possession of Venetia as a necessity for Italy, and a dan ger for Austria and the Germanic Confederation ; to make it clear that the two powers which, the one iu Germany and the other in Italy, represent the principles of constitutional liberty, are the soul of the nationalities to which they belong, and have every reason for maintaining the most inti mate relations of friendship ; also to show that if these overtures are rejected Italy will be forced more than ever to unite herself to France, and to accept all the consequences of that alliance and the obligations it may entail. THE BLOCKADE OF GAETA. (no* ous oirs COZURPONDLIff.) NAPLES, JAN. 24. The Official Jourovil of this morning publishes the notification of the blockade of Gaeta, which I send to you entire : Considering the regular Miege ou the laud aide already advanced by the royal troops of his Majesty before Gaeta-- "That the city and port of Gaeta are a fortress and not a commercial port— " That the anchoring of any vessel at Gaeta must be regarded as au operation understood to provision and assist the besieged— " That to prohibit the anchorage of vessels in the maritime port of Gaeta, cannot disturb the pacific commerce of neutral powers— " 1, the undersigned, vice-admiral commander in-chief of the naval forces of his Majesty Vic tor Emmanuel before Gaeta, in concert with his Excellency General Cialdini, commander-in chief of the besieging force, declare by the present in the name of my government, and make it known to all who have any interest in the matter, that I have established an effective blockade of the fort of Gaeta and its coast lying between Torre 8. Agostino on the one part, and Mols on the other, with the object of impeding the introduction of provisions to the besieged. For the effects of the present notification, an account is held of the de claration of the 16th April, 1866, stipulated in the Conference of Paris, out of regard to the interest% of neutral powers. " Given at Gaeta, Jan. 20, 1861. " Vice-AdmiralCommander-in-Chief of the naval forces of him Majesty before Gaeta, (azuria's "Di PzuseNo." BERNE, TUESDAY. The Federal Council has received official informa tion stating that the siege of Gaeta .is proceeding favourably for the Sardinians. The Italian fleet have suffered but little damage from the fire of the besieged. The insurrection in the Abruzzi has been sup pressed. NAPLES (vii Marseilles), JAN. 26. The district surrounding Chieti ha been tran quilised. Fighting continues in other parts of the Appeninea. The city of Naples is more tranquil. The police have prohibited political demonstrations. THE ROMAN STATES. ROME (vi► Nanallea). JAN. 211 The official Giornale di limns mentions several villages near Asooli which, it states, have been de stroyed. • HOPE. JAL 26. The Pontifical Zouaves, favoured by the night, attacked the Sardinian volunteers at Cortese ; two Sardinians were killed and six wounded ; 50 were made prisoners, and were conveyed to-day to Rome. The Piedmonteee at Cortese have been since re inforced. The Sardinians are also threatening the province of Frosinone. The mactionary bands on the frontiers are in consequence greatly discouraged, and are being pursued, betrayed, and left entirely destitute of money aad arms. THE ITALIAN ELECTIONS. TURIN, JAB. 28. The number of elections in Upper Italy of which the result is already known or assured is 134. Of this number, 2 belong to the party of Dr. Bertani, 2to the Garibaldian party, 14 to the Opposition, or to the Centre ; and the remainder, more or less, to the Ministerial party. Signor Cabello hu been defeated at Genoa, Dr. Bertani in Milan, Guerarai in Leghorn, and Mor dini in Lucca. The first electoral news received from Naples has been good. TURIN, JAN. 2s, Evrxisc. The number of elections now definitively known are 200, of which 20 are of the opposition party. Garil;alai and Poerio have been elected at Naples. - RUSSIAN VIEWS OF THE CHINESE WAR. An article iu the Northern Bee contains the following observation on the result of the late Chinese war : It is astonishing that the allies made each moderate demands when treating for peace with the brother of the Emperor. The Chinae did not expect such generosity from their enemies, whose prisoners they treated in such a barbarous manner, and have therefore good reason to chuckle at being let off so cheaply, for there have been times when the capital has fallen into the bands of enemies who plundered both the govern ment and the inhabitants without compunction. China has now only a comparatively small in demnity to pay for the war expenses, as compared with what they had to pay to England in 1842, when the contribution amounted to forty-five millions of roubles. The moderation of the victors this time remains a mystery, and the question naturally presents itself, would the Chinese have been let off so cheaply bad they bad to do with the English alone? In this affair we can but admire the far-sighted policy of France. When England com menced hostilities with China, under a very thin pretext, and the Emperor Napoleon might easily have shown his sympathy for the rebellion of the natives in India, which required the withdrawal of the troops destined for China and their immediate employment in quelling the dangerois mutiny of the Bepoys, France offered England her assistance and co-operation in punishing the Chinese. At that time it 1 was frequently said that England was employing France to get the ebeenute out of the fire, but It ia now clear that those persons took a vary short-sighted view of the affairs of the East, for England would have still been in time to chastise China after having first put down the rebellion in India ; and in making war on China with their own resources solely, they would have tic. tared the terms of peace according to their own interests. After the capture of Pekin they wanted to go to work in their own fashion, and place the head of the insurgents on the throne of China ; but the French were of a different opinion, and their English allies did not further insist on it, but yielded the point. It cannot be denied that France h►s obtained a great moral pre ponderance in the Fast, and the eyes of all the countries situated on the Pacific and Southern Oceans are now turned towards that generous nation which declined to take part in the demands of their avaricious and interested allies. If the Chinese empire be preserved to the present reigning dynasty, they will not forget the im portant service that Franco rendered them in the moment of danger. This mate euvre of the Emperor Napo leon's was worthy of his superior genius, for by it he has outwitted the calculations of routine which have hitherto governed the relations between Europe and the East. France will now enjoy all the advantages that Eng land and India obtain by the treaty, with, more over, the great moral influence of being consi dered the protector of the catholics in the East. The superior aptitude of the catholic missionaries for proselytism is well known. The Protestant religion does not ingratiate itself so much to the tastes and character of the Orientals, and, therefore, England cannot expect to compete successfully pith the Church of Rome in this field. This is the reason why France has already obtained a much firmer footing in China than England has or ever will have in India. Thu Northern Bee then proceeds to demonstrate that the emigration of the Chinese, to which England raised so many objections, is more favourable, or at least less dangerous to France, and that the Chi nese have ever shown themselves exceedingly punc tilious in executing to the letter the stipulations of treaties, as is proved by their relations with Russia of more than two centuries, though the latter has often had to swallow many a bitter pill from that quarter. PARIS, MESCAT MORNING. The Dfoaiken.r contains a decree ordering the crea tion of a medal in commemoration of the expedi tion to China, which will be bestowed ou all those who have taken part in the expedition. SERFDOM IN RUSSIA. - WARLIKE PREPARATIONS. The Nord of to-day says that the Council of the Russian Empire is to assemble this week, under the presidency of the Czar, to examine definitively the principal articles of au imperial manifesto de creeing the abolition of serfdom. The Emperor will then decide upon the mode and the time of the enfranchisement—not to be delayed, it is hoped, beyond the next autumn. The manifesto is ex pected to appear in March. POBEtT, Jas. 28. The Posner Zeit wag says : " News received here from St. Petersburg states that the corps (ramie stationed in the provinces of Lithuania and Volhynia are to advance to the frontiers of the empire, and will be replaced by troops from the interior of Russia. " The soldiers on furlough have already been re called, and the formation of three corps &arm& on a war footing has been ordered, which are to be ready by the Ist March next, one to march to the Pruth, the second to the frontiers of Poland, and the third to any other destination that may be required." F. PEI'ER:SBURG,.Mom2Ay. The negotiations between the Banks of St. Petersburg and the Bank of France, in reference to the exchange of gold for silver, have failed. Priem Orloff, President of the Ministry and the Council of the Empire, has tendered his resignation on account of ill health. He is temporarily re placed in his poet of President of the Council of the Empire by M. de Bladoff. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, MOICD : 47 Et-WIG. The Bening/de Tidende aunouncea that men and horses belonging to the dragoon regiments stationed at Itzehoe, as well as two batteries, have been called out. The inspection of the whole war ma terial will be immediately proceeded with. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (mom ova OWN C011118PONDINT.) PARIS, MONDAY EVE(DiG. The "'ream contains, in its leading column, the following paragraph, which, though speaking doubt fully as to facts, is remarkable as showing the direction in which men's minds are running in France just now : A private letter from Toulon will have it that we are at this moment arming a new naval division in that great Me diterranean port. It states that 2,000 sailors have been sent for from different points of Frame, and that most of them have already arrived at Toulon. The Toulonnese see in these preparations the formation of a squadron destined to watch the coast of Sicily. Others speak of the Adriatic, remembering what was said a mouth ago ; and some, not withstanding the denial of the Pattie, persist that a squadron is going to the Baltic. All this is very vague, and, for our own part, we have not only no opinion whatever as to the destination of the new squadron, but we entertain doubts of the facts of its formation. BL Fould is now in Toulon, and, as it is said, paying particular attention to naval affairs. 5L Troplonis report on the motes consultum will be presented to the Senate at a public sitting to-morrow, and the debate will begin the next day. It is expected that there will be a good deal of difference of opinion, and that the discussion will last two or three days. The Bourse, after opening languidly, improved towards the close. The Rente left off with a rise of 30c., at 67fr. Side. and G7fr. 90c. ; Mobilier rose Sir. 75c. The Orleans Railway rose 7fr. 50c. ; Northern, Gfr. 25c. ; Lyons and Southern, 3fr. 75c. each ; Eastern and Western were without change. Caussidiere, the prefect of police in the early days of the republic of 1848, died on Saturday of a cancer in the stomach, at the age of 52, and was buried today. The government appeared to ap prehend some political demonstration at the funeral, for an immense police force was sent to keep order, but their services were in no way re quired. The followers, although more numerous than at an ordinary private funeral, were nothing in comparison to the crowd that I remember to have seen following the hearses of Beranger, Arago, and Lamnienais. On those three occasions, more over, it was thought ueceesary to make a large display of military force. Times have much altered since the last of those three funerals. Both government and people fear each other less; and so far at least it may be said that they have reciprocally more confidence. M. ICaussidiere, after his banishment, stayed for a long wlsile in the United States, and went to England in August last in a bad state of health. He has been in France only since the 11th of the present month. His conduct during the short time that he was pre fect of police has been much criticised, but his own boast is that he made " order out of disorder," and at any rate his memory is entitled to the benefit of this remarkable evidence of the esteem of his fellow citizens that, after leaving office, he was elected a deputy for the Seine by a very large number of votes, standing No. 12 on a list of thirty-six mem bers. Among the mourners to-day were MM. Gamier Pages, Colonel Cluinard, Ernest Dema nd, Bastide, Ducat's, and Etienne Arago. THE BOMBARDMENT OF GAETA. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the KU, the Two Sicilies has addressed the following cular to the diplomatic agents of his sovereigi foreign courts : _ Gaeta, Jan. 1 Monsieur le --,—The admiral of the Imperial isqu„ Proposed to the King, in the name of the Emperor of French, an armistice, which, commencing on the Bth, w,.. last to the 19th. The admiral declared that if this prop tion were not accepted the squadron would withdraw it week ; and if accepted it would remain until sunset above day, when hostilities would recommence, 11112. i Sardinian squadron would be at liberty to bombard 1.. v. This alternative was a sad one, because either involved departure of the fleet and the interruption to all corm, cation with the rest of the world. The armistice in r was unfavourable to us, because our defences could no: increased, and the Sardinians required time to song! . their means of attack. Nevertheless, his Majesty epees it, not only from considerations of humanity, but beams was the desire of the Emperor of the French. Tlb why the Governor of Gaeta accepted all the articles p posed ; but the proposal that a French °nicer eh. bo present to see that no works were carried ou dry party was refused by General Cialdini, a refusal which afterwards confirmed by his sovereign. We, hewer, did not refuse to observe the truce, and, although heard every hour of the progress of the enemy's works, respected the conditions, and we cannot be accused not having been faithful to this indirect armistice. P r to-morrow the port of Gaeta will be blockaded and , let attack by sea ; from to-morrow the very vessels of Majesty, delivered over by:the most infamous trease to: King of Sardinia, will come and throw their shells ou armed families who have sought refuge here, sal the legitimate King and Queen of the Two Sicilies. cannot be believed that Europe will any longer remain passible at the spectacle of a king recognised by all • powers, despoiled of his states by the most iniquit aggressions, a prey to all the horrors of a long bon& meet, without any other crime than the courage of lino defending the last bulwark of the monarchy apiel cowardly invasion. The King is resolved to meet to end all the perils of his position. Blocked in and attac at the same time by sea and land, he may fall under ruins of the place, or be made prisoner by his ea • Whatever may be his fate, his Majesty is ready to meet with that greatness of soul and that f i rmness of which has given such constant proofs during the last five in. Against what has happened and what may take place it useless to protest. The moral feeling of every riglitonial man will do so, and if Europe abandons the King, his jesty will not abandon himself, but will do his duty s sovereign to the end. You have seen by the journals is the true state of the kingdom of Naples and of union nate Sicily—mistrust, absence of security, and ruin. inhabitants in every part rise spontaneously, and protest favour of their legitimate sovereign against fowl domination. Under these circumstances, the Kis wishing not to save his own person, which exposes every day to the greatest dangers, to secure against humiliation and insult the royal digui. which be represents, has a right to hope that in the . equal struggle which is about to continue, the powers Europe will declare, yes or no, whether they recognise t blockade which is about to be established without say tl. claration of war by the squadron now in the power of .' dint*. And if this blockade be not recognised his Naj, has at least the confidence that a collective summons will sant to the King of Sardinia to guarantee the liberty of . sovereign if the arm of a desperate siege should spare life, and to secure against outrage the person of the c. Queen, who with a magnanimity worthy of her heart, insensible to all personal peril, has resisted the most ire sant prayers, to devote herself in the hospitals to theme the wounded. You are authorised, Monsieur le read this despatch, and to deliver a copy of it. Cr~¢u THE LOSS OP THE STEAMER EMPRE33 EUGENIE. The following are some additional particular relative to the loss of this vessel, reported its our coins yesterday. The Empress Eugenie was an iron vessel about 425 tons burthen, belonging to the General stew. packet Company, for which Mr. F. A. Tantplin is agent. She was under the command of Captain Sig*, and plied between the port of Liverpool and London, mouth, Penzance, &c. From the particulars of the ~ cc ream, as reported by the captain, it appears that the rod left the former port on Thursday last, on her usual trt, about halftpast ten in the forenoon. At midnight rue pa-d the Fairway buoy, Queen's Channel. The following (Friday) it came on to blow violently front the tooth -etc, and about three o'clock in the morning the cagier reported that the ship was making a great deal of water s the engine.room—the pumps, though constantly goer, being unable to keep her free. This state of things ost Called until G a.m., every effort being made by the crew a reduce the leakage, but without success. It was then cv:t tamed that the water had put out the fires, and the engirt. consequently became useless. The mainsail wm set a order to keep the vessel's head to MA, but sire still lalunr heavily, the water gaining rapidly in the hold, outwit standing the exertions of all on board to check it. these circumstances it was deemed advisable, there being hope of saving the ship, to lower the lifeboats. This was ac complished, and the crew and passengers, numbering persons, got safely into the boats. About half-post sth finally left the vessel, which very shortly afterwards seal down and rusk. She was then about 10 stiles north of Point Lynn. The crew and passengers in the boa rowed in a north-east direction until 2.15 cm. on the tit when the foremost boat fell in with the steamer Com of Galloway, Captain Broadfoot With sours difficulty tt occupants of the boat were got safely on board the steamer. The fact of the other boat being still missing, barite her 15 of the passengers and crew of the ill•fatesl ship, Lein; communicated to Captain Broadfoot, be immediately im posed going in search of her. The steamer was put routil the direction where the Empress Eugenie had fouuderedusi after a search of about two hours Captain lirondfoot the satisfaction of falling in with the other boat. The at ferers, consisting of nineteen persons, were rescued, ttl . taken on board the Countess of Galloway. The who! , a: the party during the stay on board experienced the gree-d kindness from Captain Broadfoot, his officers and crew, s supplied them with food and clothing and everything wt-k their unfortunate position demanded. The sufferers wee entirely destitute, having, in consequence of the heavy te r been obl*ed to throw all their clothing and other ell-'A overboard, in order to lighten the boat. They reached lane , pool in the Countess of Galloway on Saturday montit:. The Empress Eugenie bad a large cargo, consisting of gewrl Mods, the loss of which, with the vessel, is covered 1 ° insurance. THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT ON BOARD TEL EMERALD SOUTHAMPTON STEAM PACKET. An inquest was opened at Ryde, Isle of Wight,. on Mouday last, before Mr. Frederick Blake, the o no nor for the Isle of Wight, and continued by adjourn ment on Friday, to inquire into the cause of death 1 'William llartou, late captain of Mr. Arabin's rek bested schooner -iiicht &wive. Mr. Coxwell, solicitor, of Southampton, attended on behalf of the Steam Packet Com pany, and Mr. Reed, of St. Ann'a•lmie, London, acted fort!. deceased's family. It appeared from the evidence that the deceased on the 19th inst. seat onboard the packet atCow to proceed to Ryde, where his family and that ore after the vessel ba d left and cleared Cowes harbour, the ceased, who was walking between the fore.cormauien and the engine-room skylight (the flaps of which were °peel. suddenly reeled backwards, and fell through the aperture. the open skylight on to the moving machinery, recrivin such severe injuries as to cause immediate dent The witnesses deposed to their belief of the decease d . ' the worse for liquor , but the witness who more partssilarly saw the accident ided, in answer to questions by th coroner, that a shock to the vessel, similar to a collision alt another vessel, might also precipitate any passenger, e , n he standing in a similar position to the deceased, througt the aperture of the skylight, on to the vessel's ruaebioerv. The engineer of the vessel deposed to having steppe , the machinery the moment he saw the body of a mas falling between the crank and the entablature of the engine, and that the engine only made three-quarters of revolution from the time that he seized the Icier. Ihe engines at the time were making from 41 to 44 revolutioos. It was further stated that the °comings of the an g iee-non skylight stood about one foot from the deck, and tin: de ceased was about two feet in advance of them when he reeled bsekwards. Between the deceased and the co:inject of the skylight were two rows (one on the top .1 the • 4 hur) of pig-iron Whet, used for trimming the vessel, but the witnesses could not state whether the deceased's heels caught against the ballast or not. lo f a lli ng b ae k w anls the deceased's shoulders struck against the flap of the skvNliti his body immediately—to use the expression of one d the witnesses—"doubled upend shot through among the ma chinery." An is the case in the generality of these bnt4, there was nothing to prevent any person falling thresgh the open skylight, in the event of his being seized with any r. g t. ht i n s f rodsod o sta r ni,bitnyrdizhnitg(hucleeretwoaeatii:adhybpyre-c.r.,:ppedaindliddec.rnthfofthq,etn.uret to il se ge7ce. a n tt t orni i aura n . : m i s i t d d le d ic.wa r ett.e n etr ebih i y l l ye n fbl e • over the no support to a passenger falling backwards against them. but, on the contrary, must tend, Is the witness we have quoted stated, to " shoot" the falling body down among the machinery. The jury, after remaining in :coosultstion fur some time, returned a verdict of " Ataddirotal Death." at the same time expressing an opinion that no raMrirat protection was provided for preventing such accident , curries.