The Express. — London, England, 1850-08-30 00:00:00

iwio gilt erpruts. NMI WATIII AT WPM= AMOK hassessa. LONDON, FRIDAY. AUGUST 30. OUTGOING Ti. wane he Brßisk North Aviaries, Beresode. sad the Udall festal will be tareo Ito thle Asp 10. The Wort laths Male, a:tmbal/ Ileaduroe, Nesoes, No wawa, sod hood (Si. Doesiore), sod iniquities Taw awl% New oriaado. rad Ore, Tows (St .1 sea de Naartswe) .411 be mak up ow the moms, of frotember TIN mats kr M.sbe will be mode up ea arperaber nit wale for Ifalora, taw brealls. aal Nalaes Arel,lPTit be mods es es *be motor et Sept. 4. Tho amolb lionelbee, se tb. 111• 01 Wwfwwow. 1 17 r. Myles, Jodie. MooriLeaph 41a, ttBl bo sate up at the Midas of B.pt. 7. Tleo weds toe tibia, Opida, sill Ofbralaw WU be mote us ea S.pteeebtr 7. The arab for If ~soh, lloatureo, Meow UMW, Mill, ma Presorill be ap.de up ea %keyway; of &ea , TM mobs ter Gibraltar. Matta,Orme% tie lambs Nil" Oeptea, lad* WI Mae. Ws leathaspees, wW be mob ep ea the Mari eg of &pt. 20. Ws were was, is saying that the philan thropies' seenabled at Frankfort, sad preaching pease, darst sot at the same time preelaim, that pesos was coly to be grained and amid in conjunction with plugs'. fiberty. Colman said this aload. And Paul's Cnurch though its parliament be no more, bed again echoed a noble sad liberal matimeat. An equally bold and telling announcement was the prediction of fiasco:al ram. which thrttaluntod all Ramps° goveramitate, in tioeseeiseacte of their great military expenses. aceompinied by a defiance to the military pover to govern at all, or preeseve ceder, if there should arrive two coeseestiv• years of scarcity end famine. There is no German tribune or paella. Illestary bench at present from which an orator can be hoard; en that such truths as them, descending upon the German ear, cannot but have an import ant and • beneficial effete. The reliance of the Baron You RIDEN, ose of the best informed politicises, shows what its Dilatory ex peases have cost and are casting Europe. Some pro found wi's affect to regard all that was said at Frankfort as a joke. Ths following is a sample, that the political Jos Millar may at to his jest book. Bat it will not be read as a joke by tho,s who, like the English, are paying forty millions sterling for war Wu, past and present: The population of Romp. (eakulates Y. vas Red n) is 117,000.000, of which 128,120,000 are steles Of this Limber sakub•sd those between 20 sad 33 years of fig*, sad away these wake wore mails far envies, an-ball of the aestaYin, the dower el the people, are gamed in warlike purperes. Raw, be next lays that t►e average value of a yea es !about way be taken at 91., sad tins by takiag away Lot aillione of seen Iron their ordinery occupation, the less of produce would be 38,0000001. sterling. To this he adds sustain slime's paid in a •nn.:ioa with the eagle loss, asking a total of 117,140,0001., or nearly oseethlrd t►e amount of all the ►adgets of the Hempen' goveramests. The fineness of war dories the last thirty years have lean 241.500,0001, sad wi h we-third of this sun sight be constructed all the railways which ere sow la these (gastrin. The war expenses, at least their proportion to the haapts of great empires, are here enormously under stated. But the particular amount is not of so much eonn (pence. The fact, the terrible fact, is the im mense disproportion of military expenses to national resource*. This proceeds from the immensity of armies, a system introduced by NAPOLION, and which has proved, and is proving, the ruin of Europr, in its finances, its libtrdee, in its meal and physical develop- ' sent. There is, moreover, one class or profession gene rally supposed to be most benefited by these large armies, and which in reality has been injured and de graded by it,—this is the profession of the soldier. War in the last century was carried on by =all armies of veteran or highly disciplined soldiers and skilful officer• The officers were then much better paid, much more considered; more was expected, and more depended on them. The soldiers were few, but were men who bad chosen their pro fession, instead of being forced into it. A quarrel bet seen nations was then decided by 30.000 men of a side, who stood firm and in line, and had a feel leg of hat they were fighting for. Instead of these the huge armies that NAPOLEON called together in his later Campine, and the size and formation of which hare been imitated by other countries, were immense masses of men, often of boys, forced into the ranks and br. ught into action in such deep columns and serried masses that foe them either to run away or to fight was impossible. We need not point ow how murderous is the system of deadly missiles ploughing through a column, besides the enormous losses of rich a multitudinous army in the bivousc, the hospitals, and the maraud. The enormous armies of NAPOLEON thus owe their origin to the distrust and degradation of man, as a soldier. But they wets necessitated by another cause, the awakening of European populations to the causes of war, and to a participation in it. In past centuries, the people of a country scarcely ever thought of taking active part in the struggle of armies. They bowed their heads, and saved themselves murder and pleader as they could. But from the beginning of the peewit century wars were no longer warsof dynasties, of a FREDERICK against a FERDINAND. They were the struggles of peoples; and an invading general bad to calculate not merely the force against him in the field, but the population hostile to him throughout the country. Hence cruelties and atrocities were committed is the wars of NAPOLEON unexampled in past history. Our writers attribute them to the ferocity of the French, when in fact it was but the result of a new position. These two WWII raised the number of Euro pean armies to hundreds of thousands where they used to be thousands, and thereby so overburthened the resources of each state, that we see the greatest empires in Europe either in or verging upon bankruptcy. Nor are the oonmsquences less painful to the people in a political sense. England and France had both the good fortune to dint their revolutions. which secured them their liberties before there existed a standing army. We mock the Germans of our day for not having been so summer fol. We forget the millions of soldiers which cover her soil. And we re these millions and their com ma:liters quits as incapable of founding a regular go vernment as the mob they put down. Austria is at this moment in as great a state asocial and political anarchy as when it was ruled by PILLEMIDOR7 or Bon VIELKA. - - . We repeat it, the powers that have reamed au thority by the mere physical force of armies eta only Cras despots, and can only &peados their any. ean estabJia6 nothing. All they can do is to tyres. miss, to crush. And all the people condo or thick el is to bide their time for revenge, and crouch like tigers, awaiting the hour when the spring of popular insurrection can be renewed with some chance of moms. Then are countries in Europe, however, where the dreaded media may be avoided—and those are where the army is more especially an army of chi mes. Neither in France nor in North Germany ma the soldiers be long made the instruments of oppree don, or long kept estranged from or hostile to the rent of their fellow men. The danger from armies even to governments is thus threrold ; and the larger their muse., the more dangerous and int)lerable will they become. It is therefore time for monarchs to take into serious con sideration the suggestions of Pesos Cour unless they will await to have the m made armies of civilians, determined to be dragoo ne d an plundered no longer. EVZIT session we find the Hones of Ominous, at the instance of some fussy or crotehetty member, publishing a number of special returns, the NM of which it would puzzle a coojoror to dimmer. Sometimes they oontain matter straitly patent to the house and the public ; their information is gateway selected and arranged in:a manner that defies the in. of esesparimee with earlier retinae that esa lead to any refill inference. The honourable member makes hie motion, and sits down with the sir ea man wbo has unburdened his conscienoe, and discharged as important duty; the return is ordered, made, laid on the table, printed; and neither mover aer any other living being ever thinks more about it. One of them inexplicable phenomena ham made its air ar peam a ocesinoe the prorogation of parliament, is the of a return, moved for by Mr. CATIJIT, Of the values of the Bridal padres sod manatee tares exported to the British celestes and dips dismiss in 1849. After a deliberate and plas tids, study of the document, we coshes ourselves equity at alms to dimmer what theory it es. Was. trace, or what poetise! CATLIT, wa as baud to mho also aro of it w next nor= be will b dim' Imo May whisk M. k sionesda or will over kaow why Moe Worm an $1 te t M oe IM sheathe of Om Mr. CATLIVII anseassist clasinflostime it em partleakeelham - Imre t the kindred totem tithe Beard of Tiede. nasal er dreseuisl. It masa be prapa!ed with them) and if it could, what information is to be dmived from a return of the declared whine aloes P The estimated. or awe:aims tire reel raise of all the prod we and menniaMmessf the United Windom exported to 1806 wee 18.878,11. la 1846 it had isoreseed to 181,184164 Tim declared nine of all the Fondues sad amiadhotatse of the Belted Kingdom. exported fa 1806, was 38,077,1441.1 is 1848 it was 67,786,876 L In the mums of 41 years the actual value of British produce and maaidesteree mutually exported had been aug mented more than flve-fold. bet the declared value had bees little more thee doubled. What OM be leased free dad ao deceptive P API; a mere tabular statement wee of the cor rect valves and quantities of British prods°, and manufacturer exported to the various colonies sod depeodesoies sea neither isdicate the actual 'maid= of these countries, nee the progress they are making ; stilt lase one it indicate their importance as markets for British aerehante and manufacturers. —..—.-- How fellation an indication it is of the actual weaditioa aid propos of a oolony may be shown by a kid Nkomo to some facts waneeted with New South Wales. The &Waxed vela* of the British manufactures and prawn exported to that Gamy in 1849 was 1,330,8391. This is shout the same as the declared vales of the exports of 1839, in which year it was 1,231,9691. Is the coarse of the eleven years the declared value of the annual exportation of British pradoos and nianalbotures to New South Wales had woe (in 1840) risen to upwards of two millions; and once (in 1844) fallen as low as 643,4191. Bat the actual declared value for the year has in general kept oscillating between one miUioo and one million three hundred, and the average of the eleven years will be found to lie between the two. According to the declared value of the annual exports of this country'. produce and manufactures to New South Wales, the colony most have remained perfectly stationary since 1839. Bet looking to the value of the exports from New South Wales itself, we find that it has risen by • steady progress from 948,7761., in 1839, to 1,830,3881. in 1849, the last year for which the accounts an beton us. The exports of New South Wales have doubled in value during the last eleven years. Looking more closely to the details, we find that the number of acres of land in cultivation has increased in that time from 93,312 to 183.889 in 1848; the value of wool exported, from 442 .3041. is 1839, to 1,240,1441. in 1848 ; the value of tallow ex ported (which was ail se late as 1842) from 9,6391. in 1843 to 140,3791. in 1848. It must also be kept in mind that in 1839 our Aus tralian settkments were cooloed to New Sauth Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and a few unfortunates thrown ashore at Swan River in • rash and ignorant rtempt at colonisation, where they were nearly starved. Two colonies have sitee been carved oat of the New South Wales territory; South Australia and New Zealand have been colonised, and even Western Australia has made some progress. The declared value of ail the British manufactures and produce exported to the Australian settlements in 1839 was 1,879,39014 in 1849 it was 2,080,3841. And the in crease of the exports from those coloniee—of the minerals of South Australia and the wool and tallow of all the rest—bas been much more rapid than that of New South Wales. A little reflection will suffice to show how decep tive any inference must be as to the value of the colonies and dependencies to our trade and manu factures that is drawn merely from a statement of their imports of British produce and manufactures. Admitting, for the sake of argument, that the sta tionary amount of the declared values exported to Australia implies that the real values have also re mained stationary, it must be kept in mind that a direct trade has been opened within these few years between Sydney, Wellington (New Zealand), Ade laide, and Perth (Swan River), on the one hand, !and China and the Indian Archipelago on the ' other. The imports from China and the archi pelago are paid for partly in colonial produce, bvt there remains a considerable balance paid for in bills on London. Tau new traffic of the Australian set tlements has contributed with other incidents to in crease the ability of Singapore and our other trading stations in that region to purchase our produce and =cofactor-es. The annual exports from this country to the West Indies are one year with another a million in excess of the annual imports from them. Title lumber and provisions imported from the United States into the West India are paid in bills on Lon don, and thus the States are enabled to take more of our commodities off our hands. The whole trade of a colony moat be taken into consideration, as well as its direct trade with the mother country, if we would know correctly its value as a market for our mer chants and manufacturers. We have deemed it not altogether unnecessary to direct attention to these considerations. Partial and bewildering returns like that called for by Mr. CATLEY often lie forgotten till they accidentally fall into the hands of some sophist or special pleader, to whose fallacies they afford a seemini, corroboration. The return in vestion has apparently been celled for in a form that might render it available in support of 90030 of the honourable mover's anti-free-trade here sies ; and nobody need be surprised to see it flourish ing tome of these days in protectionist speeches, leaden, and panspilets. Fore-warned is fore-armed : the public have at least been appris.d beforehand of its otter wortlileseness. There is owe instructive truth forced upon our notice by Mr. CATLIteII return ; the relative im portance of our colonial to our whole export trade, and the comparative value of our export trade to the different colonial groups. The declared values of ex ports afford bat a delusive index of the real values, and they afford no clue to the progress made by oar commerce. But the values bring all declared upon somewhat the same principle in the same year, they afford a tolerable index of the relative importance of oar trade to different countries. The dechred value of the exports of British pro duce and manufactures varies slightly from year to year, bat very little in periods of live or ten yeara In 1847 (the last year for which tte aocoants are heron us) the declared value of the British produce and ma. Bantam exported to all countries was 80,111,0821. The eggreggemßew vales he 1849 will not, it may be assamsd, 6ic widely boa We. The value of the British Foam owl nosolliolovos exported in 1849 to the slinks mod was 18,894,0871. The mittens sad take from us by their direct trade ( By of what by their indirect trade they enable ether coustries to take from as) more than ose-herth in value el ell the produce sad manafacturee we export This is bat an imperfect indigadon of what this country has gamed by colonnades and emigration. The United States were founded by British colonisation, and the rapid mores., of their population is considerably aocelerated by British essigrattog. Of the sixty mi ll ions (in value) of British prodoce and manufactures exported in 1847 rather more than seven millions went to the United States. More than one-third (in value) of oar whole exported produce sad manufactures is taken from us by these colonies and dependencies, which still remain bound to as by the colonial wave sad by those which have become independent states. But for the =noun, scale on which Britain has colonised eines 1800, there would not have been markets enough to absorb the enormous bonus of its produce and maisoiketores. The relative impartemee oar ex trade the differed adesialigsage is of also shown port in an is to strootive mane by Mr. CATLIT'S return. The value of British prodesemqported is 1819 to the British West ladies in 1849 was 2,026,0191.; to the North Americas colonies it was 2,279,193 ; to the Australian adonis@ (includiag New Zsalsoid), it was 2,080,3844 The W o g I@dice have, it is true, bees thrown back by the results of negro emancipation ; bat som e thi ng o f th e same kind was su ff ered in New Beath Wales by the abolition of transportation to that calmly, sad the eon @Rant loss of @heap compulsory convict labour ; and there has boa se emencipatioa of slaves in the North American provinces. Yet the Australian settlements, the oldest of which is as a trading community only half a sentury old, ahead_y commune as mash of oar produce as the Wed ladies, whisk have bees himaisphme _ tke tardy rftp o the e =cted WhAvesi sad since free trade rtesken the A 'bawl bald es With an aboard viper oedema.% while the others, enervated as influence et the delusive system to which they , heaths, about la despondency, unable, it esem."to help themetivis. Yee it could easily be *hewn that the progress of Aestralia hes hese memorially retarded by the lois menegenient et the hese government and beehive. Tide, however, is a subject for inters articles, sad for the 'Mese! papers on "Emigration and the Colonise," of which the dna six numbers Imes already appeared in oar paper. BAN Midas to ,i s cos i csir: . i Culler, * t miliity w boats mimeo: w greed wilt if Ille Praillypt.leAW* :am Sthadeor, L snlowahr. pressawd I6L Barieeehi, thiaid•-de-eaarp ef the Pt ih : sideot, who moompauied the Oriestal party to Mod, a rldbly-metaerdnabra. IL . de Ilalvandy errivad at IF imbadta la the com pany of IL Pigeot, formerly Freach .siiy to the Limited State flay wee both intimate dim wi the Doke of Dorderaz, who *sot l 4 da dolma at hie right baud. ;• The ihrAar etstains the o af the pre. .reap and eterohtries of 'th r Laci= of tk. depattommt, whisk an to the ----- M. do Lossertiso hes bees appoints: preshlost of the soasoll-pporal of the Tbs. listogoallos of his ipso*, which Famed lornaloa. was as follows: Tw Pessbleat of the leyeblle prw sod at Lyons em ass babisplesee, w tiff& ell Mrs attelbeted eseeft etkusleael isesaiap, es ht his fluty es, we are ewe, her hle *mitts. Let tlie tftwallw petrel reeyead by Melee the shim wry la the tweet the seustry. Let their ere bwo' Lbws fir the !reddest firth, AP path', support ter his revenmesat, end pefseetwases Is the orititutiee, esselloested estekideely by the sesedessioa itself.' I spoke yeetsrdai of a meeting of Orlsanist mem bers to deliberate ea the soodiflatioas, if any. to be la trodnord late the policy of that party by the dead: of Louis Philipps. I MMsarrdl that it was resolved to bring forward the selisa of M. Craton Ibr abrogating the law of banishmeat against the Bourbons, in the fol lowing forma : The divides ad hat sew failed to prams is rnase the ..m sMo..side TMes straggles far lona being , moue, ia regard to the fatale, the nos alumina shames. It la tbevelere, lisperteat ier the Wong' of Frasee that a step should be ut to mob divi sions by dedraylog their is . It by the abroaades Of Oho laws of g=t aseed against the featly it Sessbeas that the Ileastahly will gurus@ the eseatt7, Abed a safeguard to liberty and i. isstitutiose, aad roily parties upon the posed of legality. The let allele of the motion prOpeees that the law. of 1832 and 1848 which banish from France the elder and younger branches of the Bourbons .hould be ab riveted. The 2od article declares that on their in- Os ice upon the territory of the republic the members of the family of the Bourbons shall take an oath to obey the laws, and that is the ordinary form, under pain of forfeiting the benefit of the present enactment. A letter from Fribourg announces that Father Hart man, superintendent of the Jesuit school at Fribourg, has been summoned to Tonlowe to establish a jesuitical seminary, on the model of the Fribourg one. Six hundred pupils are said to be already inscribed for this new school. At the Bourse there was no news stirring. There was a slight fall of 60. upon the Fives. The Threes closed at the pries of yesterday. According to the Comatitietrounel, the immediate cause of the death of Xing Louis Philippe was an acute pleurisy, which caused a considerable effusion. A puncture made after death on the diseased side caused an abundant flow of fluid, which proved the correctness of the opinion of the physicians. Without this accident Louis Philippe might have survived for six weeks or two months the organic change which was long ago observed to have taken place. King Louis Philippe, some few days before his death, signed a paper which secures annual allowances to all the servants of the civil list and of the private domain. lie grants them, indiscriminately for all, a six tieth part of their fixed salary by each year of service. For services of 40 years and under there will be a re duction of one-third on the sixtieth. For services of from 10 to 25 years the redaction will be only one t.tirth. For services of 25 years and upwards the grant of the sixtieth of the salary by year of service will be complete, but without that sum ever rising beyond the halt of the fixed salary. Servants and employes now holding places in administrations of the state are excluded from a right to the above al lowances. The annual allowance granted by Louis Philippe does not extend to all the employes of the civil list and the private domain, but only to all thaw who remained at the Falai' Royal, or who followed the King to the Tuileries. ThA railway section from Chalons-sur-Marne to Vitry.le-Freogois, 32 kilometres in length, will be opened on the sth of Sept. smote. PAIN, Ara. 29. For Yaw Accounl. Many] Opening Highest. Lowest. Claim -- 11 per Cents. ....... .... U3s 11 PI 40 MI 40 69 23 58 SS $ per Coma. S do. New Lose- a a .. . 4 pat Ceuta.— —. le a a • per Oads . „ I . Exchange ars Loans: at alit. t 3 30; 9.4 dam 55 20 . Betts, 1. 131 n Da. 3, 1642 .... I lama Ltar. ISO 781 ~ Do. 44 Do. 3 Piedmoot 3 per Costa. 94 SO „ Bask Maras 23:3 ~ Nouise.-84. Oermala, —; oermilles (right busk), 157 SO; ditto itll. kart), 141 30 ; Paris and Orleans, 760 ; Paris and Room, 59123; and Harm, NS 76; Marseilles and *sigma, 176 23; 6trasbourg and 0.8., 11873; Wires sad Viersoo, 331 30 ; North, 463; Paris sad eurtsgarg, 343 73; 'non sod Ilosteo, 147 le. f THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY WOW, ,41Trilqfq asset. It as sunset._ Mr. ssttlid 'early 200 yearasad sollettielt Not\ Wi ld , leer ism& I Ito ts qemossa, settled the ,.. 2l ..iwi le almost early, saj ems. ! ti .s a t7:l 4 _ bald se how% wise seses it t demi . . • sad Ostikr. e at as essts - selter wild-spew 7. T .""' a M e tit te Vllg swiss - s trargolltity t made Itlse forth boss a dos seati amends, we baba d a it zgrestit•Vere ties se i t i tlez t eata To ....z . say *d oe . ; rpm sr is u rsses 4 am Met I. ther m aes=rhiseakiliaii Ibi teidelstir fit tit*, was taws for main beisispbses bad smartakeallat tirtly stops of hog IlAtadser. the Nefealise FRANCE. PARIS, TMOISDAT EVISIMO. It is sow regarded as a matter settled beyond all doubt that Louis Napoleon, notwithstanding his pro reeled willingness at Lyons to choose the part of " abo•gatioe, if the national will should demand each a saorifios from him, will not quietly lay down, as Oatmeal Cavaigsao did, th e presidentia l dignity at the end of his appointed term of office. Meaawhile it is absolutely impossible that any legal Illeisioo of the ooastitatioo, such u would remove his disability to offer himself as a oaadidate for the presidency is 1862, should take place. The vote of at least three- Garth; of the members of the Legislative Assembly present is required in order to take the first Aar towards calling a fresh Coestitsmet Assembly, and, at least, 500 members must be meant. Supposing the whole 760 were present it would suffice for 190 members to oppose such a motion in order to throw it out. Now the gauche pure alone amorists to this number, without counting the opponents whom the proposition would encounter SaKillg the fire-parti and ultrs-legitisaists. And sines the Assembly can not be dissolved until it has completed its three years of appointed duration, there is no conceivable legal mode by which the constitution can be revised in time for Louis Napoleon to be furnished with a con stitutional right to offer himself as a candidate at the next presidential election. It being now generally admitted by those who are well-informed as to the situation that be will not consent to be replaced by another President, it follows that the common put upon which all parties at present meet, which is the Constitution, must be torn. What will be the upshot of the conflict which will ensue, no =arta can predict; but every one sees that it must come. Meanwhile all parties are secretly mustering their strength for the day of trial; the legitimists, (Meanies, socialist', Boospartiste, are organising, stirring, and, it may be, arming. In all probability, the "solution," as it is called, will not wait till the spring of 1852 to declare itself in sums shape or other ; bat a peaceable solutiun is what no person of Lresight expects. Therefore, although the funds may remain firm for a time, and affairs resume in the commercial world a certain activity, this hour is not far distant when another crash must be expected. Let none of your reader" be blinded by the fine words uttered at the banquet of Rhein." or the banquet of Wiesbaden, or over the death-bed of Louis Philippe, about union and conciliation, nor be deceived by the apparent quiet of the socialist'. An inevitable hoer of straggle approalbee, and everything announces that it will be a fiercely-contested field, in which the question of " monarchy or republic" must be definitively settled. The folluwicg telegraphio despatch was received yesterday : CIieLOXIII, Avocet 28. 8 a Y.—The Provident arrived at Cnalonssur-M sine at eleven on the night of the 27th. He wspreesind by the inhabi , ents with cries of " Vim N.- pekon!" mingled with " V,.@ !Morn ur !" The whole any was illuminated, sad nearly all the houses dressed with Rms. The at •yor received the Prsrdent at the gate of the city, and delivered ae address, to which the President re tusee4 a brief sad appropriste reply. This morning the President received, at eig-t o'clock, the authorities and the eoeacil-general, and then repaired to the review. His di polar, for Rheims will take place at it... The President was expected at Cnalene two hours earlier than he arrived. This delay was occasioned by the prolonged halts which he wee obliged to make oa the road, in order to respond to the enthuriasen of the population. At Stair, Verde. Clermont, te sed St. Menehould, he a, the cd•ject of veritable ovations. He will set out from Rheims at three, in order to gala the railway statics at Epereay by six. Another official despatch says: After the review at Chalons, the present proceeded to Rheims, whore he was very well received by the inhabitasta. Hs attended a banquet given to hint by the city in the arch. bishop's palace, and made, in rely to the mayor, who pro posed his health, a speech which was hailed with great applause. I have procured from a private source a copy of this speech, which is certainly remarkable. It is as follows : Mr. Mayor and Gentlessee ' —The reception *high has bees given to vas at Rheims, at the close of my journey, smarm what I have seen myself throughout Prime, aid entertained no doubt of. Our ornintry wishes owl, for order, re aad • wire (oafs) liberty. Everywhere I hare been ibis llll to convince =yews of We tact, that the member of agitatore is infisitely smell, mediate somber of good eitiseu infinitely great. GA grant that the latter become not divided. It le as AM amount that, Media, myself to-dsy in this easiest city of Rheims, where the kings, who represented also tie te interests of litigation, raise to be ermined, I would wish that we could crows here, is longer. indeed, • lain, but an idea—the idea of union and eoseilistion, the triumph of which would restore repose to our ciientry, already so greet by her wealth, her vine's, and her faith. To express wishes for the pubils prosperity is to do so for that of the city of Rheims, whom industrail position is of such high import safe. Permit Rs to propose • toast, "To Um city of Rheims." If one is to measure the truth of the official as• of the President's reception io the provinces by the accuracy of the reports given from the same source of his welcome back to Paris, the loyalties faculties have been rarely taxed to a greater extent than in the composition of telegraphic despatches and au thorised bulletins. An immense crowd was gathered on the whole line of road between the terminus of the Strasbourg railway and the Elyeee, from whom there burst a cry of " Vivo la Republique, et nen qua la Republique!" which overpowered the feeble efforts of isolated groups to make their Ns,- polemist cheers heard. The military prepara tions made by Changarnier were immense, particularly in the faubourgs of St. Denis and St. 1, which were occupied with troops, as well as all their avenues. The military escort of the President was also much stronger than usual. A piquet of mounted chymous rode a-head of the car riage, which was surrounded by a dense body of the cuirused carabineers, and followed by half a squadron of hussar.. It would be difficult to describe the sirup howl that pursued the cortege se it whirled rapidly along the broad and populous road. At the terminus ' the President was received by the ministers who had remained is Paris, and General Cougarein, who embraced him on alighting from the train. Is the neighbourhood of the noble strootar• of the terminus there moaned several violent scenes of individual con- Aiot between the President's partisans and the demo crats. Many of the latter were headed over to the cus tody of the osrgotss.de-vilk. In the faubourgs of St. Denis and St. Martin all circulation was stoppei. At various points, where groups of the Societe du Dix Deoembre and their hireling, were posted, the Name waffling and buffetting took place; and the Passage Jouffroy was in partioalar one of the noisiest points of omMet. The neighbourhood of the Elyse' was deesely studded with a ragged herd, from whom you would have expected eries of Vice la So c i a l s ." but thew, on the contrary, were loudest in their Bona partist demonstrations. It was a clear case of enthu siasm purchased at die eons per Ms. At the bead of the escort of dragoons M. Caller, the prefect of police, appeared on horseback, and seemed, wherever be showed his presence, to give peculiar animation to the republican cries. The Nepoleonists were mounted on the tops of cabs, from which they bawled their with frantic gesticulations. On the whole, the well-dresird citizens abstained from all manifestation of political feeling, and ware silent sad indifferent spectators, while the cla morous viotot7 was left to be disputed between the blows of socialism and the feed bawlers of the Dix Decembre. The party of the Pre.ident entered th e /Brim shortly after nine. The fatigue of this voyage of parade seems to have had no unfavourable offset upon his health. On his cetera to the Birk, the President was re ceived oa his alighting by General Changarnier, Carlin, the prefect of police, sad their respective staffs, the ministers and sides-de-eamp, who stood ender the perietjle to welcome him boas. The Prisms Matilda Datidoft stood in the aka and SPAIN. MADRID, Arouse. 24. The Neapolitan ambamador, Prince (Atrial, in re turned from the Escurial to Itkdrid. MADILID, Aro 24.—Thres par Cents., 231; abut Baba, 33 6 16, auk; 331 paper. Fair per Coats., 14 each. Fin par Coate. 141 assn ; alter Baba. 14 nub ; 14 1 paper. COO POP 8 Usk. Part ies. 4 1.16; atter Bole., 41.16 each. Bark of St. Fardisutatl. 89 cask. ilichana• on London, 60.35. GERMANY. We have telegraphic news from Vienna of the 27th. The Wiener Zs env of that date contains a note which states that Aus . ria, in accepting the arbitral court proposed by Prussia, only intends that the regulations by which the fortress of Mayence is governed should be the subject of deliberation. Prince Schwarwenberg had gone to Ischl, where he would meet Count Nceselrode. From Berlin dates are to the 27th. On the 26th a meeting of the Cull«p of Princes took place, under the presidency . of Herr Von Radowits. Use college was made cognisant of the contents of the Prussian despatch which refuses the Austrian invitation to the restricted diet. AIIOVIIT 27.—Fie. per Cent. Iletalliques, 96i ; Peer-and-a-Half per Crnw., ditto. 84 1-16; Beak Shares, 1167. Seabee's as Leaden. 11.40. Beaux, AUGUST 28.—Voluntary Lose, 1064 ; New Loan, Foot end a-Halt per Ceuta., 991; flatland Debt, 86; Commercial Maria. Betietre Premien, 1104 ; Beak Shane, 8641. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. Intelligent* from Copenhagen walking the belief that the Danes regard an attack upon Rendsburg ea hopeless, and informs us that they are making pre parations for wintering in Schleswig. With this view they have rendered impassable all the roads leading from Holstein to Schleswig, by intersecting them with trenches and tikes. Over the Schlei they have thrown several bridges for artWery and infantry, on each of which a trite de poet is coLstracted. The bridges are likewies_proteeted by the gunboats whi c h lie in the river. That part of Schleswig which is bounded by the Baltic, and two lines drawn from Flensburg to the city of Schleswig and thence to Eekernforde, may thus be considered the winter quar ters of the Danish army, should General William no: give their affairs another direction. THE BRAZILS. SLAVE TRADE DECLARED PIRACY. There is very important news in Liverpool from Rio Janeiro (old Bahia). It appears that the Cham ber of Deputies has passed a law declaring the atm trade to be piracy, and seems altogether to be is earnest to terminate the inhuman trial.. Sickness weave:7 prevalent all round Rio. At Bahia the general health was good, up to the 96th July. Ex. champ, 27. At Rio, on ate 16th July, exchange ruled at 96i. SITTINGS ON T lINIOLVORT DISTORS' COURT. —Tido overt will sooliolt es Woduotlay men for tko bow tog of ball twee sod UMW & Paella, by imagism thou aloft of Um Wolk.. an ilea oat of pylon WI ask howdy. la woo mew 1100 Preemies Am --ofpeyaw oat V pfloosi—ortkei an grimed for tie oittfap I. Notroaber. , JE44T4 ~~~ - :4ND , _stripe Hesse Gem Mai , .eornopondant "tamp* bin iw b ai l " "ensuing, No cagiChad egingiat. in the hospital at Vittorio.° dodo. mash . -INA& The total swabs" of 'M S 'S hood" lan* le wing!' watl.lBl3 rileath";1;1104. It wen reparftd that 'Mr. • *M ent il r4 Wed dsortty sad midge: 'The &inns's' alagilral the 18. h for Naples. Atonal POINT, hens. Mimed bin flog on baud the Qaosn, mind with thomundron on the 16th, it warn "append. for 7fiNjes. • 14.81. steamer Gtolder haves on the 2:1111 rot Maneliet,"to *co on Wind The Nerutein plow, • lad comY Ann to Wonsan& „ _ W. bays Oar advises fres Atheaiiimit'ef the 18th. Bing Otho left the Niels, is a steishM , bearing hie owe name, on the 7th for Trieste, whditee his Majesty will pressed to Munich. His Queen was made regent daring his abeam*, as anneeneed would be the thee. The mosisiry was resonstitsited as follows : Admiral A. Kriel.% Minister of Marine sad President of the Council; Notaras, Interior; Cnr Lydia. Finance; lyamis, Foredo Affairs; Palace, Justice; Corflorakis, Worship and Pobdo Instruction; Col. Bpeiro.Milioe, War. Parllameat is cloud. The budgets for 1850 and 1861 bow teen voted by the &nate. The budget of menses of 1851 amounts to somewhat more than 19 millions of drachmas, which is a million lem than that of 1850. Brigandage still oontinnes to iciest Western Chasm ESTATES OF IRELAND (how a eptetel ON respondent of the Daily News.) DUBLIN. It was my object in my last letter to show the well working of the Encumbered Estates Act. I propose to show in the present communication some of the difficulties that of necessity attend it. It is important that these should be known and appreciated, especially by those who are intending to invest pro- petty in the speculation of an Irish estate. In baying, then, an estate is Ireland, it is necessary not only to look to its possible tutors but to the cm cumatanoes of the past and present. The intending 1 1 buyer must inquire what has been the past nature of the holdings on the estate, and how far its tenantry have been a comfortably-cironmatanced and contented pvulation. lie must also look around him. In Ragland a proprietor is so independently placed that he has very little occasion to regard in any way the position or the circumstances of adjacent properties. Bat in Ireland things are different. Here ell the test efforts of a proprietor may be en tirely neutralized by the circumstances of properties surrounding him. The next estate may hare for ita owner an hereditary and habitual absentee, whose estates are managed by a bailiff, and Whose tenantry have long been oppressed and diseatiefied. Or he may bare a property in Chancery, an official receiver collecting its rain', careless of almost every thing connected with the property, except the state of its ace mat. Instead of either of these he may have a neighbour offering a speci men of a third class of landlord—a proprietor whose absence would be preferable to his presence, who lives on his estate, not to protect and assist his tenantry, but because it is the only place in the wide world where he can obtain sufficient credit to subsist —a man who brings landlordism into disrepute, and who will throw impssdiments in the way of working out the best plans of others, simply because he him self has not the opportunity of following the good example. In selecting an estate it is highly necessary that the condition of the adjacent properties should be con sidered by the purchaser because, as I observed be fore, the utmost efforts he can make will by no possi bility enable him to counteract the bad effects which from any of theee causes will react upon bias. If. And the matter is the more important b clues the Encumbered Estates Commission are unable to affsrd protection to the proprietor from the operation and effect of these disadvantageous circumstance s A purchaser may go into an estate with the fullest disposition and even with a determination to do his duty by the people over whom he is about to assume the duties of a landlord, bat, by reason of the mel admiristration of some estate adjacent to him he may find all his goad intentions frustrated. "I will en deavour," says the new proprietor, "to keep my people from the workhouse, by affording them em ployment at a proper rate of wages." But his next neighbour is unable to pay wages, and cares nothing about how many of his people are obliged to seek the shelter of the union. What is the con sequence? The owner who affords employment is called upon to pay an increased amount of poor's rate in order to maintain the people, not of his own pro perty, but of the estate of the adjacent proprietor, with whom he has no relations of any sort whatever. By the best judges it is not believed in Ireland that permanently the amount of poor's rate will affect the position of estates. The cases in which such things as these occur are cases in which the proprietors being embarrassed, it follows that sooner or later their pro pertiea must come into the market, when the evil, it is to be hoped, will be cured. The Clifden (Galway) property, which was sold the other day, is a case so much in point, that I may be excused referring to it. This property is bounded upon one side by the great Martin estate, and on the other by the property of a Mr. O'Neill, which is about, at so very distant period, to be submitted to pub!ic competition, like the others. The purchasers of the Clifden property are quite aware that the difficulty of their position is remarkably in creased by the position of the Martin and O'Neill estates, but they anticipate a great improvement whenever those estates are sold, and new landlords step in able and willing to take their share of the re sponsibility. But whatever may be the future results, there can be very little doubt that the prices of many estates have been affected, not by their own position, but by the public whisper as to the state of the pro perties around them. And if this be so, it would seem fair to the outgoing proprietor, to the :creditors, and to the public, that the commissioners should have some power of aiding estates which may be thus un fortunately circumstanced. Tee diminution of the size of the electoral union would probably have some beneficial effect; a good proprietor will no longer be called upon, u he hes been, to pay for the keep of a neglected tenantry, living twenty or twenty-five miles off. As a proprietor settles himself, moreover, he will come to take his share in the proceedings of boards of guardians, and to snake an effort for his own protection. But, tholes', it will be obvious that the estates which are first sold will suffer the most I from this cause, whilst those which are brought into the market latest, and which may belong to the pro ' pristors who have most neglected the poor, will reap the advantage of the alteration for the better which the settlement of a new and solvent proprietary will assuredly produce. Under such circumstances it would really seem rational and reasonable that the Encum bered Estates Commissioners should have some power of protecting the new land-owners from this sort of liability. At present the commissioners are not only entirely powerless in this particular, bet they are powerless to protect an in-coming proprietor against wrongs to be indicted on his own tenantry. A capitalist pur chases an estate; he is anxious, as every nght-feeling man will be, to go on with the tenantry whom he finds in ocoapation of the soil ; he makes his proposals to them, and those proposals are accepted. But under the old landlord, and during the period, possibly, of the famine, the tenants bad fallen into aurae; as long as the original proprietor or the Chancery re ceivers was obteiniag any rent from them, this arrow was not pressed for; now Hut the connexion between that proprietor and receiver and the tenantry is for ever broken, the former has no longer any motive for foregoing hie claim, and he accordingly commences ins against the tenants, individually and col- Ti r ol: 4 l l y, for sums which they are quite unable to pay, and which they did not expect to be demanded. What is the oonsequenoe to the new purchaser? Upon going to his estate he finds the Wintry in • worse position than they ever were at any former period of their lives; devoid of the means of paying rent to him, and so crushed by the injustice peeps tested towards them, as to be little iuolioed to enter zealously on the new career which opens to them. In some oases the new proprietor, even though most liberal in all his off/we, finds himself scowled upon as if he were the mare of the evils which suddenly have fallen upon the tenants. What means has be of escaping from the ditfloalty P None, save the extreme one of paying the arrears oat of his own pooket—a proceeatag which no on, has a right to aspect from : . . liet i t iettec w:s l y r aryi ll shayea:biloi:r4:ae i r e y n t, insoud i! tens t a nd r te eal iont su it ot i : e l i t u . t w y : l , hie t ;h iist issn ha t ic s 'a iat t7 h tisi re_ne ts . :) ! lt7 t . . l : : . teIVILIU" is sZl t a. " 7. B l:, --1 Ere than ogee. sec ured . it has been the Kiley of the Encon o h oohd Ettmes 1r Ail: 0 avoid direct interference with th e • Aerie rtprwrented officiently indicate that th o aak ---• Iri h s i h eh tn ean ciarry be mtl a thmik ued ja plu r c r e a t ati anci to ir t e tract "lra p o ia , 4l „ P'Et he Z l l 4°. i of Irish estates.: .. '. - ' Tlp ligation Islam each a cam is to be na , t) if T r re to gest a remedy, Ido s o v ia; -.. .alp. because it appears , h .li r r a t e r aid. sexy easy to be carried out. 7 arale believe It will be admitted to, eta . tha greatest beige of Iselaed bale bets th e k °1 accumulate under which arrears of rent have be e n c o j ed ° 1 4 eccamalate on a large estate. It hu bean 4 11 4: *bleb has tended to make a pauper of the laiollord and a serf of the tenant. These arrears have bet to the mind of the landlord an lICURO for tinting moo , upon a mortgage which he has never ben abl e to e . 7. deem; upon the tenant they Lave bad all th e d e . preening weight of a debt which might be de dad of him—nay, for w hi c h h e m i g h t be iir,id up oo d, ejected, without the favour of a single more co o, is, tux, and upon the very first occasion oo which to o chanced to give offence. Now, as we are introducing a new ste m t oo Ireland, why not endeavour to improve this? llou rents. more easily recoverable, not by givin g l ure lei more summary powers of ruinitg the tatact, u ohms have proposed, but by potting an efficient check oh the accumulation of the evil. Restrict toe landlord,' right to distrain for rent to rent which is not am % than one year or two years overdue. By o uc h, measure you would ensure greater regularity it t h e dealings between the landlord and the tenant ; y ot would make it incumbent on th e l an dl ord ti five more personal attention to his property ; y ol eoikid mace the tenant work harder, because saved that the landlord would enforce payment cf the aro cat of this year's crop, and that there was so defer. ring the evil day in hope of some lucky du es another year. At the came time a great b on timid be conferred on both landlord and ttnaut, far I L ' one, by being forced to make hie rent witr.i t ' particular period, would be kept in funds, whiao tae other would be saved from the cu-se of accuma'atisg difficulty. I have now detailed to you at length the tteu:ft of the Encumbered Estates Cotnmhodontra prroetd•tr, and have proposed some remedy in regard to Kat i 4 which the operatint of the law appear. to be defec tive. In succeeding communicate ma I proper e to narrate the particulars of my vis:ti to certain 01 the principal encumbered estates alrcadv sa:d or is tzt market. As we go along upon the little tour thruagli the encumbered estates of In- *sod, in which I .ne, ! " the reader to accompany me, I shall endeavou r ! ) oh . plain who and what arc the purettar:a :f t.e pry perties already sold, and to wtat pi.-- e m and for what object they have invested 'heir (spa in the soil of Ireland. For the inlortnatiA of :Lost who may be interested in the particulars I e. , 1 ~ ,ry pose to detail the circumstances, c3rdt•.o:„ ar..: 'apt, bilities of several of the more important 1..1'..t. :or sale, showing to whatanvantage they may o- -t.t.:ed be by those who mayinclined to . mb.rh ti.t r :A. tunes in this country. At present I e cc', lie 1:,.: itf:r. ing you that whatever I may state all: be t: , of entirely impartial and unprejudiced p.reJc i tigation, and that my simple übjkes a. e the tion of those who may not cave oDp•r ...1: ' judging for themselves and the b..r.etit of a c r• i::,~ and a people of whom it has LON tecoroe a. proverb to say that they only need capital tunity. I my. THE AGRICULTURAL DISTRICI. HUNTINGDONSHIRE, A• Oa the side of H.lntingdoo, towares shire, pasture lands form the greater par )f trict which 'Eters-etcs betwfto that tys . ; fens, and are app:ied in feeding sheep and the butcher. In this direction also Meer, the last remaining lake in this part c! and now under a process of draireg , eventually convert its site into produc )s the other ;side of the town, towards there is a valley , of tir.e productive land. de,.. tile, yet strictly turnip litd, whereon tarn .y fed off at all seasons. This land lets et a often as much ag 40.. an acre, and appear: well farmed. To the north of Huntingdon, a. '74 . line of the old north read, lies a tract of ing on the lets, which during the lot . 2 , ) ye.: , :4 underg Ine very conederab'.e iroproc,m readers wiaprobablyrecolect the largeir n at Weston, the junction of the two roar!s •rox don to the Wort and t' e somewhat dre:.ry .! the cold pastures and heavy tillage land t!ire:.,;:l‘e:..it the road then passed f;r some miles to the nort...w4 Tne old Inn is now converted into a farm ectese and private residence. The buildiegs of a.: the tar=i were then scanty, and there was nothine ale pearance of the farm management to berekee e..-(r spirit or enterprise amongst tree ccoupiers. time great changes have been (Geier'. mac v .:::s proprietors have erected new farm houses Ind Lae buildings greatly superior to those commsn E:e• land, and the general character of the farmiLe less improved in at least an equal ratio to tee Inipt.'ri. nt of the farm buildings. Indeed, area; hi. !see: doing in this district during the last twenty yea-s may fairly be cited as evidence that barn Is. it:d especially the farmers of heavy land, where propetey seconded by the owners of the soil, have c.: st still. Amongst the proprietors who Lave tt <:a -p-oved their farm buildings. I may mel.%un is h f o am hu ily, a c n h e ie st tl a y te , l of br c l o ie tu v e e, e t l l t te en F t .t . r s of iw il ,ry ar• l e i Tt .4 1 and Mr. Heethcote, of Conington, the owner .: s cc mansion and a large estate. The predec sea of Mr. Ileatlicote would never lay out auy mosey o:. legs or in repairs, but the present owner. eiek`e i.e his been in possession of the property, has expended large sums in buildings and other improve:et:3. These newly-erected farm homesteads are Lily to the requirements of the tenants according to 'ha existing system, and that is by BO means a bad oat, but will perhaps be found deficient for that :r.zreare of house feeding which is coming to be considered s necessary part of the highest style (dimming. How ever, my purpose is to describe what els% rather than to indulge in anticipations of the probable future advances in husha. eb7. 1 may nevertheless say, that I every east. find the great body of the farmers liter to the circus' stances of the times and willing and anxious to self improvements, provided they are scoot dud by ;be landlords. There is so much to bo dote on all farms in the way of landlords inenewemente, before any great advance in cultivation eau be made. the Quires the landlords will improve, or the tenants 511 themselves undertake that work, the system i f manag went must either remain stationary cr ad vance with slow and unequal steps. 'she soil consists of a strong blue clay, or gall:, containing some mixture of calcareous matter. but which was described tonal, as most trivciouo, forming , as one of its occupiers remarked, " a perfect cot erste ;" and such I have no doubt is the caw if w orked and poached in wet weather; geologically, I he:teve, it is Oxford clay. Of course such land requires to be drained, and on all well managed fa, nee drainage. more or less effective, has been done. The usual depth at which the drains are laid is 30 inches. though some farmers still assert that 24 inch drains are more effective upon this land. 'Chat the twat cul tivated farms in this district are these I t deeply drained satisfied me that thie, like other tenacious soils must have, drains laid at a fair depth. I take 36 inches to be practically the eroewr depth for drains on all strong clays, where. they ougt!t not to be laid wider than eight or, at most, nine yard._ spat L This tract has an advantage or , r m en y: f 7 clay land districts in its freedom from ti nib r. of ri le there is very little ; the fields are in general of good size, and most of the hedgerows are kept cut low, so that all the beneficial iilluerave _e sun and wind on the land are obtained. Toe_r_l is nothing more striking to the attricu lt ,r7 h traveller than the great improvement has taken plea of late yews in the mana gement _ e l hedgerows. Everywhere I see, often for together, the live fences, which once looked like t o. penetrable wood., reduced to the narrowest dim e ii Mons, cut low and regularly cropped once a yea, this crooditioa of tie hedgerow feriae maY regarded ea • fair lode: to the suite of the culOreuGa