The Press. — London, England, 1857-06-13 00:00:00

5 'n THE PEACE WITH PERSIA. THE following is the text of the Treaty of Peace between her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain anti Ireland and his Majesty the Shah of Persia, signed in the English and Persian languages, at Paris, March 4, 1857, and of which the ratifications were exchanged at Bagdad, May 2, 1857 : ARTICLE I. From the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty there shall be perpetual peace and friendship between her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the one part, and his Majesty the Shah of Persia on the other, as likewise between their respective successors, dominions, and subjects. ARTICLE 11. Peace being happily concluded between their said Majesties, it is hereby agreed that the forces of her Majesty the Queen shall evacuate the Persian territory, subject to conditions and stipulations hereafter specified. ARTICLE 111. The high contracting parties stipulate that all prisoners taken during the war by either belligerent shall be imme di,itely liberated. ARTICLE I V. His Majesty the Shah of Persia engages, immediately on the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, to publish a full and complete amnesty, absolving all Persian subjects who may have in any way been compromised by their Bac' course with the British forces during the war from any responsibility for their cunluct in that respect, so that no pt rsons, of whatever degree, shall be exposed to vexation, peniecution, or punishment on that account. ARTICLE V. His Majesty the Shah of Persia engages further to take immediate measures for withdrawing from the territory and city of [lent, and from every other part of Affghan• istan, the Persian troops and at•.thorities now stationed Vierein ; such withdrawal to be effected within three months from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty. ARTICLE N . I. His Majesty the Shah of Persia agrees relinquish all claims to sovereignty over the territory and city of Herat ant the countries of Affghanistan, and never to demand from the chiefs of Herat, or of the countries of Affghanis tan, any marks of obedience, such as the coinage, or " khot beh," or tribute. His Majesty further engages to abstain hereafter from all interierence with the internal affairs of Affghanistan. His Majesty promises to recognise the independence of Herat, and of the whole of Affghanistan, and never to at. tempt to interfere with the independence of those States. In case of differences arising between the Government of Persia and the countries of Herat and Affghanistan, the Persian Government engages to refer them for adjustment to the friendly offices of the British Government, and not to take up arms unless those friendly offices fail of effect. The British Government, on their part, engage at all times to exert their influence with the States of Affghan istan to prevent any cause of umbrage being given by them, or by any of them, to the Persian Government; and the British Government, when appealed to by the Persian Government, in the event of difficulties arising, will use their best endeavours to compose such differences in a manner just and honourable to Persia. ARTICLE VI I. In case of any violation of the Persian frontier by any of the States referred to above, the Persian Government shall have the right, if due satisfaction is not given, to un dertake military operations for the repression and punish• ment of the aggressors; but it is distinctly understood and agreed to that any military force of the Shah which may cross the frontier for the above mentioned purpose shall retire within its own territory as soon as its object is sc coninlishei, and that the exercise of the above menttened right is not to be made a pretext for the permanent occu pation by Persia, or for the annexation to the Persian do- minions, of any town or portion of the said States. ARTICLE VIII. The Persian Government engages to set at liberty with out ransom, immediately after the exchange of the ratitica ti ins of this treaty, all prisoners taken during the opera tiqns of the Persian troops in Affghanistan, and all Affghans who may be detained either as hostages or as captives on p ditical grounds in any part of the Persian dominions 1.41, in like manner, be set free, provided that the Atfgha as, on their part, set at liberty, without ransom, the Persian prisoners and captives who are in the power of the Aff4hans. Commissioners on the part of the two contracting powers shall, if necessary, be named to carry out the pro visions of this article. ARTICLE IX. The high contracting parties engage that, in the estab lishment and recognition of eonsula-general, consuls, vice cousuls, and consular agents, each shall be placed in the do nmions of the other on the footing of the most favoured na ion ; and that the treatment of their respective suljects an I their trade shall a!ao in every respect be placed on the fo3t ng of the treatment of the subjects and commerce of the most favoured nation. ARTICLE X. Immediately after the ratifications of this treaty have been exchanged, the British Mission shall return to Teheran, when the Persian Government agrees to receive it with the apologies and ceremonies specified in the sepa rate note signed this day by the plenipotentiaries of the high contracting patties. ARTICLE X I. The Persian Government engages, within three months /after the return of the British Mission to Trintran, to sppoint a commissioner who, in conjunction with a com• THE PRESS. missioner to be appointed by the British Government, shall examine into and decide upon the pecuniary claims of all British subjects upon the Government of Persia, and shall pay such of those claims as may be pronounced just, either in one sum or by instalments, within a period not exceeding one year from the date of the award of the commissioners. And the same commissioners shall examine into and decide upon the claims on the Persian Government of all Persian subjects, or the subjects of other powers who, up to the period of the departure of the British Mission from Teheran, were under British protection, which they have not since renounced. ARTICLE Sir. Saving the provisions in the latter part of the preceding article, the British Government will renounce the right of protecting hereafter any Persian subject not actually iu the employment of the British Mission, or of British consuls general, consuls, vice•consuls, or consular agents, provided that no such right is accorded to or exercised by any other foreign powers ; but in this, as in all other respects, the British Government requires, and the Persian Government engages, that the same immunities and privileges shall in Persia be conferred upon, and shall be enjoyed by, the Bri tish Government, its servants, and its subjects, and that the same respect and consideration shall be shown for them, and shall be enjoyed by them, as are conferred upon and enjoyed by and shown to the most favoured foreign Govern ment, its servants, and its subjects. ARTICLE XIII. The high contracting parties hereby renew the agree ment entered into by them in the month of August, 1851 ( Shawal 1'267), for the suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf, and engage turther that the said agreement shall continue in force after the da:e at which it expires— that is, after the month of August, 1882—for the further space of ten years, and for so long afterwards as neither of the high contracting parties shall, by a formal declaration, annul it; such declaration not to take effect until one year atter it is made. ARTICLX XIV. Immediately on the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty the British troops will desist from all acts of hostility against Persia; and the British Government en gages, further, that as soon as the stipulations in regard to tle evacuation by the Persian troops of Herat and the Affghan territories, as well as in regard to the reception of the British Mission at Teheran, shall have been carried into full effect, the British troops without delay be with• drawn from all ports, places, and islands belonging to Persia; but the British Government engages that during this interval nothing shall be designedly done by the commander of the British troops to weaken the allegiance of the Persian subjects towards the Shah, which allegiance it is, on the contrary, their earnest desire to confirm; and, further, the British Government engages that, as far as possible, the subjects of Persia shall be secured against inconvenience from the presence of the British troops, and that all supplies which may be required for the use of those troops, and which the Persian Government engages to direct its authorities to assist them in procuring, shall be paid for, at the fair market price, by the British Com missariat immediately on delivery. ARTICLE XV. The present treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications exchanged at Bagdad in the space of three months or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Paris, in quadriplicate, this 4th day of the month of March, in the year of our Lord 1847. COWLEY. Fssoan (in Persian). SEPARATE NOTE REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE X. OF THE FpREOOTNG TREATY. (Signed in the English and Persian;languages.) The undersigned, her :Britannic Majesty's Am bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of the French, and his Persian Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to his said Imperial Majesty, being duly authorised by their respective Governments, hereby agree that the following ceremonial shall take place for the re establishment of diplomatic and friendly relations between the Courts of Great Britain and Persia. This agreement to have the same force and value as if inserted in the treaty of peace concluded this day between the undersigned : The Sadr Azim shall write, in the Shah's name, a letter to Mr. Murray, expressing his regret at having uttered and given currency to the offensive imputations upon the honour of her Majesty's Minister, requesting to withdraw his own letter of the 19th of November, and the two letters of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the 26th of Nos vember, one of which contains a rescript from the Shah respecting the imputation upon Mr. Murray, and declaring, in the same letter, that no such further rescript from the Shah as that inclosed herewith in copy sas communicated, directly or indirectly, to any of the foreign missions at Teheran. A cony of this letter shall be communicated, officially, by the Stidr Azim to each of the missions at Teheran, and the substance of it shall be made public in that capital. The original letter shall be conveyed to Mr. Murray at Bagdad by the hands of some high Persian officer, and shall be accompanied by an invitation to Mr. Murray, in the Shah's name, to return with the mission to Teheran, on his Majesty's assurance that he will be received with all the honours and consideration due to the representative of the British Government, another person of suitable rank being sent to conduct him, as Mehmandar, on his journey through Persia. Mr7Murray, on approaching the capital, shall be received by persons of high rank deputed to escort him to his rein. dance in the town. Immediately on his arrival there the Sadr &aim shall go in state to the . British Mission, and renew SATI/RDAY, friendly relations with Mr. Murray, leaving the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to accompany him to the Royal Palace, the Sadr Azim receiving Mr. Murray and con- ducting him to the presence of the Shah. The Sadr Azim shall visit the mission at noon on the following day, which visit Mr. Murraywill return, at latest, on the following day before noon. Done at Paris, this 4th day of March, 1857. COWLEY. Fgaosii(in Peril tn.) (Annex to the preceding Note.) THE SHAH TO THE SADR Amt. (Translation.) December, 1855. Last night we read the paper written by the English Minister Plenipotentiary, and were mach surprised at the rude, unmeaning, disgusting, and insolent tone and purport. The letter which he before wrote was also imper tinent. We have also heard that in his own house he is constantly speaking disrespectfully of us and of you, but we never believed it; now, however, he has introduced it in an official letter. We are therefore convinced that this man, Mr. Murray, is stupid, ignorant, and insane, who has the audacity and impudence to insult even kings ! From the time of Shah Sultan Hossein (when Persia was in its most disorganised state, and during the last fourteen years of his life, when by serious illness he was incapacitated for business) up to the present time, no disrespect towards the Sovereign has been tolerated either from the Government or its agent. What has happened now that this foolish Minister Plenipotentiary acts with such temerity ? It appears that our friendly missions are not acquainted with the wording of that document; give it now to Meerza Abbas and Meerza Malcom, that they may take and duly explain it to the French Minister and :Iyder Effendi, that they may see how improperly he has written. Since last night till now our time has been passed in ye:l6°n. We now command you, in order that you may yourself know, and also acquaint the missions, that until the Queen of England herself makes us a suitable apology for the insolence of her envoy we will never receive back this her foolish Minister, who is a simpleton, nor accept from her Government any other Minister. THE SUPPLY OE UULD. WE are threatened with a regular and an un limited supply of gold. The Chancellorsville Com pany, some time established, and with extensive works at Frodsham, in Cheshire, publicly tested on Saturday, at their works, their new method of extracting gold from quartz. The quartz, it should be observed, came from an estate belonging to the company in Virginia. The operation was conducted in the presence of the assayer to the Mint, the assayer to the Bank of England, Professor Henry, and a large number of gentlemen of scientific stand ing. After inspecting the crushing process, these gentlemen proceeded to watch the mode of extraction of the gold. This is done by the chemical process of amalgamation with quicksilver. The quartz powder when crushed is calcined, washed in mineral acids, and then amalgamated with quicksilver. After a time the mercury is removed and placed in a retort, where it is distilled into water, leaving the gold button behind. The quicksilver is distilled into a retort, and takes up the gold from the matter. An amalgam is formed, from which the gold is easily separated. The result of the trial of Saturday was to produce one ounce, seven pennyweights, seven grains of gold from one ton of quartz—a large and profitable return. The success of the experiment was undeniable, and if the supply of auriferous quartz can be depended upon, the Chancellorsville Company will have solved a great problem. Their future operations are not to be limited to the Virginian quartz; the gold-bearing rocks of Wales are to be subjected to trial, and the long-disputed question of the gold resources of the United Kingdom fairly tested. The company are sanguine of success, which, if realised, may lead to most important results. FORTY-SEVEN OF THE LEALUNG PASSENGERS by the Parana, West India steamer, have published a protest against the system of overcrowding those vessels at St. Thomas's, the head-quarters for the reception of the intercolonial steamers. The passer, gars write:— We arrived at St. Thomas's with a view to take passage in the Parana for Southampton ; that ship, although offer ing accommodation for only ltiO, or at most 200, passen gers, received 302, notwithstanding the urgent protest of a great number of passengers. Thus the Parana, instead of offering the order and comfort to be expected for the comparatively high fares paid in a steamer of one of the oldest and richest lines, presented the aspect of an emi grant ship, her passengers crowded together, sleeping, washing, and dressing wherever they could. irrespective of sex, age, and condition—this being naturally a matter of serious discomfort to the class of passengers usually found on this route, and especially to the numerous invalids on board. The, scenes at the dining•table are better conceived than described. The crowded state of the saloon, the comparative scarcity of provisions chiefly in request, to the great regret of must concerned, have rendered regard to the conventional rules of society, and almost regard to decency, out of the question. The scarcity of such provisions is the less excusable, inasmuch as a sufficient supply could easily have been obtained at St. Thomas's before starting. Yellow fever broke out on board, and eleven of the crew died. The evil complained of is very serious, for in the event of' any accident happening to a ship loaded with 302 passengers, but carrying boats only for 200 persons, what is to become of the odd 100 ?