The Express. — London, England, 1861-03-19 00:00:00

AI i Le si TZAS at MKRCHANTIF PROFITS. The MINT 110VCI10116, gisamtheed. per lb. 1111911111121 awl Ca. 311. latieswisfies. My. H•Rmosritrics—NEW lIODEL.- 041112. .w& red x. lll. Xfievag4tresa. puus ?l l' CLIMB A awl LONDON PAWL =DM WATIMSTUII and ,111100Drf di PILAIMITIId ad .IdlrMi.rn. Essubieri. 10, Diurlellsdindt. Cormatipmene. W.e... Imam N.B. Mr sess dome al 41 la Ye rosin. sad at Niudeis IFA 1 Weisel. Irbe en ) r Silt=Miami he . 111 e tire — intvinn 'Mtn be al lis SSW liouvorlo-otrio4, by Two ea tbe elpilllieelles. HATISARKIT. THI. CT A OCRS LX 0011armr4. Ileser• Howe. tu tia jug m VIII. n. tt,rent. nark. I end Dr lsamw. ra Rtirblig. Mr , . % Mum. %Hu Family Iffiornaydon, —And quziz4 LADYBIRD AND HRH CHI ..Cfsetarece At 7. Pal WAWA Tine Eiruclo. YHA LADY OP LYON*. Mars. Melville, V Matthews. an,l Pelee': Ilia Weelem, Miss MeMIL—TIIRICK M A KRIM) SD Minion: DM C. Lockacq. DOW VD UL C. Mr. wiLkiicemb, Ines illlllB4l. - R. MUM Tirs Mime. MT wim JOURNAL—TIM HRi OV TT. Twin Marra A.lllse red tom; NW. AedtYDYNNIY. Vasa C. Taw eri ear= : Ulm 91. Cary lierberl. mad lover.—Commose al lii4pasi 7. .SBITAIMUI. Tits Ityszted 7111! VICTIM of IJI.6IPATION. Nom J. Itr)oollo sod Crawford . Mims t Clislos sad Desides.— Ltd, LI •Y. or. The Ulm rad No Sam lass Chsebs. Ms. bras. —And Ulf LEN LANNI AND SLUE WATIMIL Mn. IL nevoid. wok W,VIIR AT LONDON_BRIDOC Taw D;V:llWeii74Wam.....tawilima ett4m.. Toatosikv—Meesias. 7k 10.....Akersooa, ;b. LONDON, TUESDAY, MARCH 19. Tug spirit evinced by both the French Chambers has surprised no persons more than the EMPEROR and his Ministers. More especially is this true of the tone and temper of the prin cipal orators of the Legislative Corps. On more than one occasion MM. Hatiocus and lituretz could scarcely credit their position, or believe in the seriousness of the arguments to which they bad to reply. NaroLgow 111. is said to have accosted M. Bti.t.act.r,his previous Home Minister, in terms of some asperity, observing, "You have "tilled my Chamber with Yendans." " Your " reproach is not just, Sire," replied the Minister; "je yeui ehuisi re des iwaboaks." " Cela runt au "name," is said to have rejoined the EMPEROR. Such men as M. Kr.i.i.se, however, do not de serve that appellation ; and although the speech which he read was said to have been written by his friend Mosrm.r.mener, it was still spoken with a point, an enenz, and an eloquence, that quite won the adhesion of his audience. That audience, consisting of the representatives of the universal suffrage of France, is depicted by those who have attended the sittings as remarkably "green." For example, when M. limits uttered his power ful attack upon the Eurasoa and the Imperial policy, hie words were applauded not merely by the Legitimists, to whose party he belongs, but by the very courtiers of the Tuileries, the aides-de camp and chamberlains of the EMPEROR. Some of the old stagers and politicians were &maned ; and M. Biu.suvr, beholding such anarchy and treason in governmental ranks, seemed to think the world at an end. He judged them wrongly; the defection arose not from treason but from ignorance. And when M. BILLAVLT rose, and pointed out to the members that the very sentences which they applauded not only stigmatised the policy of the Eicreites in Italy but represented him as influ enced by pusillanimous terror of the Ossiwt dagger, the courtiers were confused and ashamed, and did all in their power to cover by en thusiastic approbation of BILLACLT'S speech the warm applause which they had a moment before bestowed upon the accuser of the Government and the denouncer of the Expiate'. It is certainly a proof that If srotecisr is so tyrant in his own court and household, when its inmates can feel free to applaud M. Ksuss. But it is also a proof how little trouble has been taken to explain the Imperial policy to his adherents, and impress upon them an adequate idea of its necessity or its wiedom. One of the effects of the king and forced Wefts which has prevailed in Prams is, that them exists no Imperial party whatever, as far as prin ciple or argument go to form such. The political education even of the court has been neglected. Those who haunt and make part of it have bees left to pick up their predilections, their principles, sad prejudices, where they liked. Hence is it that in the legialasive bodies, now that some freedoms of range is allowed, the Imperial sheep follow the crook of the Legitimist shepherd, and your Crimean general or Italian marshal displays as mach animation in behalf of the Pura, and as strong a sympathy for the dispossessed sovereign of Italy, as if be had been bred up at Holyrood or Grits with Cinemas X. or the Duke D'Amouutam it, or as if Puuumsc sad Pantos:err had been their patrons. This anomalous rummitation of a reactionary and retrograde piety by a government which can only look to pupas and to the prevalence of new Was for naliseee, Is so doubt in a great measure ins to whet M. luaus is said to have admitted --the selection of isabeciks, or harmless and brain less parsons, to be candidates of the government for the ivpresentative body. To be sure, it was never intended that they should be indulged in freedom of speech or that orators like the Marquis Ds Prams should hold forth for hours in the midst of "general hilarity." But the marshalling forth and exposure of such a ragged regiment of idealess persons before a public, eager to hearken to the first burst of new parliamentary freedom, was un fortunate and ill-judged. We can indeed well conceive the ill-humour shown by the Marmot towards M. BILL AULT, who as Home Minister so long managed the elections and selected the candidates. One of the chief aims in the extension of parliamentary liberties was to be able to find • public opinion and sup port for the Imperial purpose of curtailing the temporal power and pretensions of the POPE. Parliamentary opinion has, however, gone com pletely the other way. The noble speech of Prince Harytr.ox, though applauded—for either Cham ber seems ready to applaud • good and warm speaker—found not perhaps a dozen real adherents, notwithstanding the majority found for the entire address. The strongest feeling, perhaps, which pervades the ranks of both Chambers, and the Imperial Court itself, is that of jealousy of Piedmont, and dislike towards its monarch. It is one of the opinions which link the Legitimists and Imperialists together. For whilst the former look upon Vieroa Emus:sum as a revolutionist—an absurd mistake, of which it would be easy to prove the contrary— the French military consider that they and the nation are cheated of the results of the Italian campaign. A great portion even of the dislike of the French military party to England proceeds from the fact that Italian regard and gratitude are turned so much to us as a nation and a go. vestment, notwithstanding the great expenditure of blood and treasure on the part of the French. It is idle to argue that this has been no result of , THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 19; 1861.. English cunning, but rather that of French ambiguity and vacillation. No argument of the kind is listened to. Piedmont is decidedly unpopular, with the politicians of France ; and whilst the Pore is supported by the Legitimists as their religious heed, he is favoured by numbers of the military and Imperial party merely because he is , the antagonist and the foo of Piedmont. No one sees now more clearly this difference ' between his own sentiments and those of a great body of his followers than the EMPEROR. But how is he to remove or moderate what is exaggerated in them ? Or how to preclude similar errors or differences for the future t For if M..llittAntr and other Home Ministers ate to blame for the composition of the Chambers, the EMPEROR him self is to blame for not more fully commanding the adhesion and sympathy of those who live upon his bounty. NArotron HI. is not expan sive. He has few or no confidants ; and though personally kind and courteous, he does not take the trouble of inquiring into or commanding the opinions even of his Chamberlains. If he re mained a despot, without parliament or press, this might matter little. But he ham now entered upon another system, in which opinion plays an important part, in which it is outspoken, influen tial, and neither to bo silenced nor despised. In this phase of political existence, so new to the greater number of the present generation of French, they find themselves children ; and it is in truth not easy to comprehend or explain the sentiments which they desire to express. Amidst the fury of the Legitimist& and the be wilderment' of the Imperialist courtiers themselves, it is gratifying to observe the discussion of the Com mercial Treaty with England carried on by the deputies of the great industrial towns without any acrimony or inveteracy, but with solid and patient argument. Whilst, therefore, the idle half of the French Parliament ran mad after " ideas," the real business men discuss facts, respect necessities, and show themselves practically wise. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. CAPITULATION OF CIVITELLA DEL TRONTO. (Mom OUR SPECIAL anasnonsarr.) (n innunns AID MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.) NAPLES, MARCH 18. Civitella del Trento baa capitulated on the terms offered by the Piedmontese Generals. (isms:R . B TURIN, TOIRDAY, The Opinion states that the commander of Ciritella del Tronto has refused to obey the order of Francis 11. to surrender to the Piedmontese. VENETIA. Demonstrations have taken place in various towns of Venetia on the anniversary of the birth day of Victor Emmanuel. On the morning of that day (14th inst.) all the shops at Venice remained closed till 10 o'clock, when the police compelled them to be opened. In the evening the inhabitants in the various towns, and especially at Verona, made it a holiday and paraded the streets. Bengal lights, of the Italian colours, were lighted on some of the eminences, and crackers fired. Some persons have been arrested. At Padua the military were called out, but no colli sion took place. THE ITALIAN CHAMBER. TURIN, MONDAT. In to-day's sitting of the Senate government submitted a project of law proposing that all public acts should in future commence with the following words :—" Victor Emmanuel 11., by the Grace of God and the will of the nation King of Italy. " The project was received with general applause, and its urgency was acknowledged by the Senate. POLAND. WARSAW, TIMIDAY. The guild of merchants of this city, taking into consideration the late events, and in order to give a proof of their union, have resolved to grant to the Jewish merchants an equal position with them selves in their guild. CRACOW, MONDAY. The nets has news from Warsaw stating that a deputation of citizens had protested before Prince Gortschakoff against the expression "some indi viduals," contained in the imperial reecript, point ing to the large number of signatures attached to the petition. The Prince replied that he declined to receive any more signatures, and should regard their collection as an act of sedition, which be would treat in a military manner. The delegation of citizens had represented to the Prince that the fresh symptoms of agitation rendered necessary the immediate proclamation and execution of the reforms confidentially pro mised by Prince Gortachakoff. accept the constitution for the whole kinidom, as proposed by government at the assembling sit the Estates. That the Assembly should further deidiae the project of law on the Provisorium. Finally, that it should instruct the President of the Chamber to bring under the notice of the Federal Diet the pro ps of the Danish government and the reply of the Estates. (GARY. The folloliog is the text of the speech addressed by Francis Beak to tbp electors : To accept the pleat et 'representative constitutes a civic duty, and this duty is the more imperative the more perilous the state of the country. I consider the wish expressed by the honoured electoral district in electing me as ea invite tion to discharge this duty, and I cannot but accept it. Confidence is a gift that no one has the right to exact. For the same reason, it is an honour, for which I am bound to express to you my . gratitude. I make no promises. What my conscience and conviction shall order me to do, that I shall do without promising anything. I should be unworthy of your confidence were I to make • promise with a view to deceive, and with the secret intention of not keeping my promise. The only programme I can give is the principles that have guided my public life for thirty years, and to which I have never proved faithless. These principles are oleo those of the honoured electoral district, otherwise it would not have bestowed on me its confidence by so many suffrages. I might doubtless reproduce under the form of a programme my firm conviction that the auto nomy and legal independence of the country, as well es its constitutional liberty, form the fundamental conditions of our national existence, which we can not sacrifice at any price, without any pressure. Any attack we might make upon these two conditions would be a mortal wound in- Meted upon the life of the nation. But, gentlemen, this is not a programme, but a faith deeply rooted in our nation, not to be extirpated from our hearts either by material seductions, or by the renewal of our severe suffenoga, or by the danger that hovers over our country ; for the Hunga rian in whose heart this sentiment is extinguished has long bidden adieu to the sublime inspirations of patriotic love and honour. What I say does not, then, constitute a pro gramme ; I merely recall to mind the public general senti ment, which is not the sentiment of • few men or of • few parties, but of the entire nation. The moment this sacred sentiment mewl to be the general one, our nation would be on the verge of self-immolation, and the protecting grace of God would be turned away from us. I invoke upon our country the divine benediction. May God bless you also ! Receive once more the expression of my sincere gratitude for the confidence you have reposed in me, and be the inter preters of my gratitude to your fellow-citiaess. Ibt Court. WINDSOR. MARCH 18. The Prince of Wale', attended by Major-General the Hoe. R. Bruce and Lieutonaat-Colonel Koppel, left Windsor last evening for Dover, to meet the Crown Princess of Prussia, Princess Royal, who is expected to arrive. The Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Mary, and the Duke oil Cambridge paid a visit of coodoLince to her Majesty yesterday. The Commissioners for the laternational Exhibition of 1862 met at their offices yesterday. Present : Earl Grenville, the Marquis of Chandos, Mr. C.W. Dake, and Mr. Thomas Pairhaint Despatches were received yesterday an the Colonial-olEce from the Governor, of the West India labands, Naha, Now Zealand, Liman, the North Amnia= Rods, Oftyks, Hong Kong, and Australia. COURT MOUWNO. A supplement to theLondonGazette Extraordinary of Bats:day, published lasi evening, gives the follow • lag regulations with regard to court mourning con• 'Kant on the death of her Royal Highness the Duchene of Kent : Lord Chamberlain's-office, Much 18. Orders for the court's going into mourning on Thursdry west, the 21st instant, for her late Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, mother of her Majesty the Queen, viz. The ladies to wear black silk, plain muslin or long laws, crape or lore hoods, black silk shoes, black glared gloves, and black paper fans. Tlie gentlemen to wear black cloth, without buttons on the sleeves or pockets, plain muslin or long lawn cmvate and weepers, black rirordsand buckles. College of Arms, March 18. The Deputy Earl Manhare order for a general mourniag for her late Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent :—ln pursuance of her Majesty's commands, these are to pee public notice, that upon the melancholy occasion of the death of her late Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, her Majesty's mother, it is expected that all persons do put themselves into decent moaning. G. i. Hovrtan, ass ROYAL HIGHNESS THE ram DUCHESS 01 KENT. Monday next, between 1 and 2 o'clock, are the day and boar filed for the interment of the remains of her late Royal Highness, the Duchies of Kiwi. Till thee the body will remain at Fremeors. On the day lard for the interment the remains will be removed from Frogmen to Windsor at 4 o'clock is the morning, and with the strictest privacy. As the distance from Fromm to Wind sor is little over a mile, the body will, by this arrangement, be laid in the il'olsey Chapel, adjoining the Chapel Royal, before daylight. Hare it will remain until the hour fixed for the fuoeral ceremony, when the procession will be formed and the coffin carried into the Chapel Royal, where the service for the deed will be read sad sung. The body will then be temporarily deposited is the royal vault, which already contaiss the remains of so many of oar nation's rulers. Withia a comparatively meet period bar late royal highness ordered the erection of a mausoleum at hewer% which will be completed within a month or six vests hem the present deb& Whet ready, in complausee with the whhes of the Illustrious deceased, the body will be privately removed from the vault of the Chapel TWA sad lastly deposited at Frogmore. The remains, se meal, will be osokeed is four coffins—two of plain solid mahopuiy, ow of lead, sad an outer cam of spay awl crimson velvet. The two inner coffins were mad dowel yesterday. We are requested to state that the Speaker's part amen. tary dinner fur to-morrow has been put off by reason of the lamented death of her Royal Highness the Ducheri of lu cosmogooses of the death of her Royal Highness the Mehra of Kent, the meets of her idajenty's hounds ad vertised fur this week ►ill not take place. The Earl and Countess of Craven and family bays fah tows for Ashdown Park, Barka. Frances Countess Waldegrave's evening party in postponed from to-morrow to Wednesday, April 10. The Counter Ponlett has left London for Hin ton Ra. George, Somonetshire. Viscount anti Viscountess Dutigannon have arrived at the Queues Hotel, Upper Norwood. Baron de Billing has lefiAlbert-gate House for BackLod House, Berks. Lady Caroline Cavendish has left town on a visit to Lord Charles Fitzroy, at Hampton Court, The Right Hum Sir W. Hayter and Lady Hayter hare left Loalon for the south of France. Hon. George Cavendish has left town for Paris. Lord and Lady Norreys have arrived in town from Townley Hall, Lowaskire. Min. Milner Gibson's party for the 20th inat is postponed in eonaequenee of the death d her Royal Highness the Duchess ei Kent. Miss Coutts' tumentbly, announced for Thursday, the 21st inst., is unavoidably postponed. The ceremony of doing homage to the new King of Prussia will take place at Kooigsbeig in the beginning of June, and in Berlin about the 10th of that month. Their Majesties will remain at Konigsberg for ere days. About the middle of June her Majesty intends to go to Coblents, and thence to Bademliaden. Last evening the rooms of the Royal Institution were crowded to erases by a scientific and fashionable audience, who, on the unusual occasion of a Moodily even ing's lecture, assembled to bear M. du Cbaillu, the enter prising traveller, describe his discoveries iu Equatorial Africa. His Royal Highness the Prince Consort was pre vented from being present by the unfortusate demise of the Duchess of Kent. Fir Roderick Murchison occupied the chair, and amongst the distinguished ►udience present were Sir Charles Lyell, Professor Owen, Professor Psraday, Pro fessor Tyndall, rod Robert Lowe, req., M.P., tc. THE lONIAN ISLANDS. A letter from Corfu of the 12th says :—" The draft of the reply to the message of the Lord High Commissioner, proposed in the lonian parliament, declared that the English protectorate ought to be considered as the sole cause of the sufferings of the lonian Islands. One member recommended a vote in favour of annexation to Greece, and another read a memoir against the English protectorate, and announced that the documents should be ad dressed to the governments and populations of Europe. In consequence of these incidents the parliament has been adjourned for six months." FRANCE. PARS, Tirsai?At The Monifeur announces that on the Oocaaiotiof the demise of the Duchesi of Kent the Imperial Court will go into mourning for nine days. PARIS, MONDAY. The discussion on the address was resumed to day in the Corps Legialatif. M. Magne refuted thearguments of MM. Devinek and Darimon, and justified the financial policy of the government and the increase of the duties on tobacco. He declared that the duty on alcoholic liquors was only provisional, and was imposed to meet a temporary necessity created by the eco nomical reforms. He justified the supplementary credits, which he said were caused by the increase in the number of French troops at Rome, and the expeditions to China and Syria. He maintained that the control of the cham ber was real, and favoured economy as much as the former representative system, which per mitted interference in all administrative questions, and thereby weakening the government. M. Magna acknowledged that the voting of the budget by chapters, the number of which could be reduce d, would conciliate two great interests—viz., the inde pendence of the executive power and the interest of the chamber to inquire into the expenditure. The question, be said, was a delicate one, but merited serious consideration. The government upheld the system of a complete separation of the powers of the government from those of the cham ber, but should not object to examine for the next session the question whether a combination, as indi cated, could lead to any satisfactory result. This declaration was received with loud applause. M. Magne examined the different budgets since 1860. He stated that the deficit in 1860 would amount to one hundred millions, which would raise the total of the deficits to 985 millions. This would, however, be reduced to a much smaller amount by the resources which the law placed at the disposal of the government. M. Gouin said he should vote against para graphs 11 and 12. He blamed the government fur having recourse to loans and new taxes, and ex plained the necessity of voting the budget by chap ters. In consequence of the declaration of the Minister he withdrew his amendment, but he re quested the government not to make the number of chapters too limited. M. Genii& then examined the state of the finances, and expressed apprehensions for the future. Government, he said, intended guaranteeing a minimum rate of inte rest for the railways, dating from the year 1866. He was con vinced that from the very beginning an annual sum of 60 millions would be required for that object. The discussion was continued by several other deputies. The words of the address, "inexhaustible resources," were again criticised, and a proposal was made to refer paragraphs 11 and 12 to a com mittee. After a doubtful vote the proposal was rejected. Paragraphs 11 and 12 were then agreed to, and the Chamber adjourned. HUNGARY. VIENNA, MONDAY. The Oeskrreiehische Zeitung says : " The Emperor has, in the Conference of Hungarian Magnates convenol here, declared that he will respect the rights of the Hungarian nation to the fullest extent, but that he will never tolerate any infringement of the rights of the Crown." The Diet will assemble first at Buda, and after wards at Perth. The coronation of the Emperor as Xing of Hungary will take place in the garrison church of Buda. DENMARK. ITZliftoE, Kasen I& The report of the committee appointed to examine the propositions of the government con cludes with the following proposals : That the Assembly should declare that it cannot TURKEY. limener. The calling out of the Bashi Bazouks in Bosnia, by means of beacon fires, has been ordered to take place with the least possible delay. It is said that the Turkish troops have been defeated at Gazko. MARSEILL MONDAT. Advices received here from Constant ES, inople to the 12th inst. state that Prince Ltbanoff, the Russian Ambassador, had declared that he would withdraw his demand for a conference of representatives of the European powers to sit permanently at Con stantinople, on condition of the Porte's submitting its project of reforms to the Powers. The Porte replied that it would communicate the reforms after their promulgation by the Sultan. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (FROM 008 OWN PARIS, MONDAY ENCNING. I hear that, at the request of the French go vernment, the departure from Turin of the ambas asdors who were to announce to foreign powers the l assumption by Victor Emmanuel of the title of King of Italy, has been postponed till the end of I the month. France, knowing that England would recognise the King of Italy at once, and not being yet quite ready, for diplomatic reasons, to do so herself, wishes for a delay. It is not M. Rechberg, the Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, but his son, who arrived in Paris two days ago, and whose arrival was followed by rumours that France was negotiating with Austria on the Italian question. The Bourse was very dull, with scarcely any change in quotations. The Princess de Polignac, M. Mires' daughter, gave birth to a daughter yesterday. M. Belmontet, the deputy —sometimes called the Emperor's poet laureate, who delivered a lyric speech in his praise the other day—is the author of the Fite de Neron, the tragedy which came out so long ago as 1829, and is now revived at the Odion to display the talents of the two dibutanas, Mdlles. Karoly and Tordens. M. Belmontet has, however, thought it right to strike out the follow ing lines relative to Nero's Senate, lest they should be thought susceptible of a modern application : "Cone tour de meets, hams par Muds, A qui vent s'ea serve., pito w servitude." But, curiously enough, since the revised piece was put upon the stage, the French Senate has ceased to be mute, and the foul-mouthed opponents of Troplong's address cannot now be accused of servility—at least not of servility to the Emperor. POLAND. We have received the following remarkable com munication from a correspondent at Warsaw : WARSAW, limacs 9. I send you copy of an address presented to the delegates of the municipality of Warsaw by the masters and workmen of various trades. It is a document which will be read with interest, as giv ing an insight into the extraordinary state of the minds of the great mass of the Polish people at the present moment. Having assembled for the maintenaues of order, we re spectfully represent to you what appears to us to be for the common welfare. We have heard that after the Crimean war the Emperor of the French and the Queen of England had told our Em peror, "You ought to restores national army to the Poles:" upon which our Emperor had answered, " I will do more for them than they expect." When he was again asked, "Well, what have you done for the Poles ?" our sent them a number of newspapers relating to en= receptions and illuminations us ery town which ha had visited, and said, " The Poles are happy , and make so further demands." So we thought, we may perish ; bat every man can die but once, and we shall not apace our selves to show the world what our wishes are. Hence our repeated processions and @captor the constitution, shich, if necessary, we shall repeat. A few victims& fell. enee so willed it ; if more are wanted we are ready— we will draw lots who is to offer himself to shot or to die under the knout, as was the fate of those who were taken out from the Vistula wrapped in straw, and who had bees thrown into the river from the castle. _ _ _ But if no mare U shown for ;I,;;;antry, then evil thiop ahRll follow. _ _ _ Secondly, why are we not admitted to sign the address for our constitution when others are? We are refused admit tance, or &retold that we, hard working men, must a p pear in Sunday clothes. And one of us who complained to a commissary of police we. answered with threats, "That is no business of yours." Some say that when our constitution I. re-establisher], whoever shall be found to have signed for it shall be deprived of the right of voting at the elections both for the Diet or any body of chosen men. That would be unfair, as we are all really to give our lives for the con stitution • and thus every cue of us who can write will sign for it, and those who cannot write will put their mark. We earnestly beg that this should be so. But some are heard to say, that we know not what a con stitution is. Now, we solemnly declare that our fathers have taught us well how things stood at the time of our Polish Kings. The first rule was to make no' unjust wars— to fight only in self-defence ; then to allow neighbouring people to unite with us freely, and, if not, to leave them in pence. Again, that just laws be the same for all; that there be true devotion, honesty, hospitality towards every one ; and, above all, that there be a Polish national army. Besides, when the constitution has been restored to es, we should desire, with all due respect to our Emperor, to be on friendly terms with the Emperor Napoleon and the Queen of England, and not to mind the Austrians nor the Prussians, since they unjustly and wickedly retain coun tries belonging to us. We do not sign our names hers, as we do not know whether you are allowed to deliberate with the neceseary secrecy. You will find us whenever you want us ; and we are ever ready to appear before you. One of us or five will come, and what they say will be as much as if 500 spoke. Lastly, as we see good and honourable men among you, we declare in the name of the love of our country that we are in every way ready to obey your orders. ITALY. The Pungolo, of March 15, pub li shes the follow ing proclamation issued by the municipal body of Milan : Citizens,—We hasten to announce to you the gladdest tidings, the most solemn news that could ever be made known to • generation of Italians. The kingdom of Italy is founded; the nation, represented by the parliament, has proclaimed as King of Italy Victor Erenumuel and his sue castors. In less than two years we have obtained Fran* for our r ally, England fur our friend ; we have almost acquired the sympathies of Germany ; we have seen the Austrian Nee, and his vassal princes dispersed by the breath of the people ; we have witnessed the defeat of • military moosuchy by a handful of young heroes ; lastly, we have seen hundreds of people., hitherto kept divided, and almost estranged from one another, embrace, sad form one compact nation. Varese, Magenta., fiolferino, San Martioo, the plebiscitum of Tuscany and of the Moths, Marsala, Calatadmi, Palermo, Castelfidardo, Ancona, the plebisoitum ' of the Marches and of Umbria, Naples and Sicily, Maddaloni, Capita, Gaeta, all this woodrous sequence of victories, an d Italian concord has pasod before our eyes with the tepidity of thought. Even yesterday Italy had only a geogesphicel same, and to-day she occupies the place that is her doe o ur the powers of Europe. To-day it is lted us pap to our brothers of Rome and Ven ! R will fail **longer to acknowledge oar rights and give us rustics. And we, eitivens,' let us bless the misfortunes we have suffered and which have re-united as ; let us retain thanks to Goiwho has given us Victor Emmanuel, this welldreloved ng, and who has regenerated a people. Milan, at the Palace of the Commune, March 14, 1813/. ROME. Cardinal Altieri, arch-chancellor of the Univer sity Della Sapienza, having sent a letter to the students warning them against giving way to "political passions," as "some of their fellow students" had done, has received an answer in forming him that it is not a small number, but a great majority, who share the feelings of which his Eminence disapproves. They add that their demon strations have nut been prompted from without, but are the free and voluntary expression of their sentiments in favour of nationality. HER MAJESTY'S GUNBOAT FORWARD. ADMIRALTY, Mama 18. Accounts have tine day reached the Admiralty by which the apprehensions entertained for the safety of her Majesty's gunboat Forward have been entirely removed. The vessel reached Esquire*lt Harbour in safety on the 25th of January. NAVAL AND MILITARY. ADMIRALTY, MARCH 18. APPOINTMENTS.— Acting First-elam Assistant Engineer E. Parsons, to the Pi=des supernumerary. alms Assistant Engineer E. E. Denison, to the Itiaoces Royal, for service in the Porpoise. MALTA. "(Awe 8. Dr. Roe, late of the Naval Hospital at Malta, has bees sent to her Majesty's ship Neptune to await a va cancy. The Naval Hospital at Malta is now very crowded, hav ing over 200 patients, and though her Majesty's ship Marl borough left a short time since for England, there is not suf ficient transport for the invalids to be sent home, conse quently the hospital remains crowded. Her Majesty's ship Crory arrived from Naples with 132 on the sick list, 40 of whom wore sent to the hospital ; among them one case is small-pox. Occasional cases of this latter disease still occur on board her Majesty's ship Liffey." The immense number of sick in the Mediterranean Fleet is attributable to the clam of men the will parent in send ing out from England ; men who are p hysically incapable of doing their duty in a man-of-war ; they enter the service in a sickly state, incommode a man-of-war, and after remain ing on the list for some months, are invalided and sent home at a great cost to the countay. The folly of such a system has been again and again pointed out to the authori- Ws. MURDER BY A BRAZILIAN SAILOR I r mterday, at the Li l Polioe-court, Joaquin Francisco, • Studien sailor belonging to the Spanish ship Antonio, in the Victoria Dock. was charged - before Mr. Raffies with having murdered a Spanish sailor, who was known as Francisco, on the previous night. From the evidence it appeared that in the course of the evening the prisoner, who is an athletic looking young man, apparently about twenty-five yews of age, went to the boarding house kept by Florentine, in Carpenter's-row, where several other Spanish sailors lived. On arriving at Florentine's, the Tes t :lw passed at ones into the inner kitchen, where were several of the boarders at the time, and as he went to he in some way pushed against the servant girl, who made some complaint, on which the deceased called out not to make a noise there, as the master would not allow it. On this the prisoner said it was none of his (deceased's) business. To which deceased replied that he would make it his bushier. The prisoner then challenged the deceased to fight, and the latter saying " Very well," went out into the street. Two or three others followed, and soon afterwards the prisoner came out. Without saying • word be rushed through those who were standing by, and made a cut at the neck of deceased with something having a white handle, which was in his hand. Neither the prisoner nor the demised had said a word out side of the house up to this time. Immediately on being struck blood gushed out in a copious stream, arid the prisoner ran off. Ina minute er two the deceased fell, and died in lees than ten minutes. It appeared that the prisoner had boarded in the house of amen named Philip Joseph, in Frederick-street, and that this man Joseph was at Florentine's at the moment. Suspicion at first fell on him, and be was seized as the mur derer, his wife being also present ; she proceeded home, and in a short time after her arrival there the prisoner came in, apparently quite cool and collected, sad went up stairs to where his box was kept. Here he changed his shirt, putting the one he bad taken off into the box and locking it. When he had done this Mrs. Joseph accused him of having committed the murder of which her husband was accused, and insisted on his being detained till her husband was exonerated. This was about 9 o'clock. The prisoner did not say anything, and while Mrs. Joseph was endeavouring to detain him, a police-officer ar rived and took him into custody. So soon as he saw the officer the prisoner made a violent effort to get away, and finding that he could not do so, be drew a knife from the sheath, which hung at his hack, and made two or three desperate attempts to cut the officer across the abdomen. He was at length overpowered and secured, but not before he had succeeded in putting a razor which he had on him into the fire—it is with this instrument that he is supposed to have committed the murder. The razor was subse quaintly got out, but not before the handle had been con sumed. He was then secured aud taken to BridewelL— Mr. John Edward Thorneley, house surgeon at the Southern Hospital, said on examining the body he found an exten sive incised wound extending along the side and front of the throat, cutting right down to the hone, severing both the external and internal carotid arteries, and the other large blood vessels, together with the larynx. The wound was of so extensive and fatal a nature that death must have ensued almost instantaneously. After hearing the evidence, which being given through an interpreter necessarily occu pied • long time, the prisoner was formally remanded till today, when he will be committed for trial at the amine on the charge of " Wilful murder." The Northern Bee of St. Petemburst lately made a violent attack against the temporal power of the Pope. We alio find in the Innatide Reese a eulogistic article on Napo/eon lIL and Victor EramanueL The Opinion of Turin says :—" Lord Seymour, on leaving Venice, bad his luggage passed at the custom house as usual, and was about to enter Use railway station, when he was stopped by two custom-house officers, who began to search his pockets, and asked him whether he had anything liable to duty. The English diplomatist was so indignant at this treatment that he struck one of them in the face with his fist, and called them vile myrmidons. Notwithstanding the apologies of the commissary of polio", who hastened to the spot, his lordship exclaimed to good Italian that the Austrian government was worse than the Turkish, and that the journals only told the truth in re. lasing the vexations to which foreigners were exposed. It is said that Lord Seymour also sent off a telegraphic message to the English ambassador at Vienna, requesting him to demand satisfaction." Baron Tecco, the Italian Minister at Madrid, on entering • tribune of the Congress • few days ago, was, says the Noreciadu, minted by all the persons in the other tri bunes, and the journal dsseribes this as • " testimony of the interest which the cause of Italy inspires in noble Spain." In reading over the minutes of the sitting of the 14th of the Chamber of Deputies at Turin, we find that the two votes given against the bill for imaferring the title of Kim of Italy upon Victor Emmanuel were owing to a mis. take, the President having announced that one of the demi, ties had put his white hall into the black compartment of the ballot-box, while another had voted both ways, and thus accidentally annulled his rote. A bill has been presented to the Italian parlia ment, fixing the first Sunday of Jane for the annual cele bration of a festival in honour of the proclamation of the kingdom of Italy. - - The first number of a clandestine journal, under the title of " Italy an I Rome." has just appeared at Rome, but fictitiously dated from Perugi►. ➢fany thousand copies o it have been sold. It predicts; the speedy emancipation of Rome. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAMSMIDGM, MARCH 18. SIR ROBeRT RTJ.DIeB DUMMER. —The Vice. Chancellor has informed the Senate that he has appointed. Professor Willis, M.A., F.R.S., to the office of Sir Robert Resde's lecturer for the ensuing year. ST. JOHN'S Cousez.—The gentlemen whose names are under-mentioned were to-lay elected fellows of St. Joh n ' s College :—J. R. Lupton, 33rd junior optima, 1858 ; J. W. Longm' 21st senior optima, 1859 ;W. Bally, 2 nel wrangler, 1860 ;G. 3rd wrangler, 1860 ; V. Duren, 4th wrangler, 1860; J. Merriman, sth wrangler, 1860; R. W. Taylor, 18th wrangler, 1860. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. John Marshall, Esq., F. R. S. , has been appointed by the council of this college to deliver, within its walls, course of lectures on animal physiology , for ladies exam. sively. The prospectus tells us that ' the coarse will be adapted to the requirements of ladies engaged in education. district visiting, or like pursuits ; and also for those ladies who desire to add to the usual branches of education an so. quaintanoe with the elements of physiology and their air plication to the preservation of individual and pub is heath." We are informed that among those who hazz plied for ticket, for the course of lectures are forty mamma' and teachers. The introductory lecture was delivered on Saturday last„ Mr. Marshall commenced by stating that it was impossible for him not to allude to the peculiar circumstances under which these lectures were delivered, and that he must con. gratulate those present on the commencement of a move. ment which would, be believed, spread throughout society, a benefit to all cleans. The intention of the coarse he stated to be to give solid instruction • to give a knowledge of the conditions of eexi t, without which we cannot live well ; that is, in harmony with the laws governing us. The great truth that we are all of the world, as well as in the world, a fully realised, it as to our corporeal nature, is, he aid, when once f-ully realised, rufficient to interest us, not only in the living world, but in the world of dead inorganic matter. Our re lation to nature is threefold :—to'the forces of nature, to the matter of Datum and to all living objects, whether animal or vegetable. The force of gravitation acts on the body through life and after death. Heat must be maintained in us or we die ; there is a certain range of degrees of heat above and below which animal life becomes dormant or ex. tinct. Then, again, electricity, including galvanic forceand magnetism, affects us. A bash of lightning, as we know, will kill • man ; but electricity also keeps us alive ; a n d there are electric currents in the muscles and in the nerves which do not cease until the muscle or the nerve is dead. We are constructed also in harmony with light, whether ig be force or matter ; the colour of the blood depend" on it, and the eye receives all the information it conveys to the mind by means of light. Force in nature produces some phenomena, produces motion ; and motion of all kinds affects us, as the motion of the air which, being set in vi bration, produces waves of sound. Then again we are con structed out of the matter of the world. When the human body is decomposed or destroyed by fire, its ultimate constituents are found to be the simple elementary bodies of the world around us, as oxygeo, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and others. Whilst the proximate constituents of the body, or those into which it PR be immediately separated without being destroyed, water,. fat, fibrin, and others, can be agaisdecomposed into the primary elements, as fat into carba, hydrogen, sad oxygen. When an animal is created there is, therefore, • change in the arrangement of the elements, but no creation of new elements, and no change in the conditions to which they are subject. Mr. Marshall proceeded to give a defini. tion of the terms organic and inorganic, and to explain the ' relation of mankind to living things, whether vegetable or animal. The vegetative functions of absorption, unman. tau°, respiration, and secretion, are also animal functions; but to them are superadded in animals the functions at motion and sensation, and sensation, high in the scale of animal life, is developed into consciousness, emotion, sad thought. Man is therefore constructed in harmo with the living kingdom's well as with the world of dea d, inert matter, and in harmony too, as geology teaches us with laws established anterior to his own creation. T his our threefold dependence on external nature, forces us to the inevitable conclusion that we must consider the conditicen of existence before we can live well—that is, before we cal have the healthy mind in the healthy body. Mr. Marshall concluded by defining the limits for his treat , meat of so large a subject. Leaving altogether the inor ganic world, and of the organic putting aside the whole vegetable kingdom, be purposes to devote his time chiefly to an explanation of the essential facia and principles of animal physiology—more especially to the structure aid functions of the human body. THE NEW METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS. The select committee on the North-London Rail way (Brauch to the City) Bill (ELL.), report "that the number of houses inhabited by the labouring clamed, sad over which compulsory power is .ought by the bill, is 492 and the number of families, averaging from four to Ave persons, is 1,0'23, or from 4,000 to 5,000 persons, That, to remedy as farm possible the evil ariaing fmm soLarge a displace. merit, the committee have inserted a clause providing that the railway company shall run a cheap train, morning and evening, from the Liverpool-street terminus to Kiapland, at such hours as shall be convenient for the working clam proceeding to their new homes, and returning to their ac customed daily labour; and the committee have further to report to the house that this displacement will not be Mini& taneous, but will probably be spread over a considerable period of time. The committee have gone through the bill, and have directed the same to be reported to their lordships with some amendments." In the case of the Metropolitan Railway the committee report that as only 22 houses occupied by the labouring ammo will be removed they do not deem it necessary to make any special provision in the bill. Tim latter is the case also with the West London Extension Railway Bill, and the Edgware, Highgate, and London Railway Bill. The Hammersmith, Paddington. and City Junction Railway, the committee report, will a ff ord "a speedy and convenient communication to those of the labouring classes who are employed in some of the densely-populated parts of the metropolis, but whose residence is in the suburban dis• tricts with which the railway communicates." A parliamentary return states that from the year 1845 to the year 1855, both inclusive, 157,485 summonses in bastardy were issued in the counties of England and Wake. 124,218 applications were heard ; 107,776 orders made ; and 15,981 orders refused. The Rev. Mr. 'Sennett, the well-known vicar of Frame, has published a pamphlet in which he strongly advocates the total abolition of church-rates. Compulsory payments for religious services he declares to have been the invention of an age " when reverence, enthusiasm, and truth had died away, and the world began to introduce into Christianity its own subjects, as a matter of formal obligor Con rather than of spiritual privilege." . _ A scene rather unusual in a Scotch 'University took placsoa Saturday at the installation of the Lord Rector of the University of Abonleen. Two gentlemen were put forward for the rectorship, and through the peculiarity of voting by nation., Mr. Maitland, the Solicitor-General for Scotland, the meet unpopular candidate, apparently was elected. The " scene "at the installation was most disor• derly. There was a complete tight between the professor and the students, and the " tnst Nation " was quite a no• mina! thing. Ou Saturday tho Emperor Napoleon went to visit the three establishments of M. (kalillot, in the Rue Rocbechonart and the Rue Turmt, where large quantities of supplies are being manufactured fur the army. The Emperor, on leaving, gave a sum of 3,0001 r. to be divided among the workmen. The Arnuntia of Turin, the ultra-clerical organ, &nommen that one of its editors is going to proceed to Rome, in order to lay at the feet of the Supreme Pontiff • large cheat Oiled with valuables, and the sum of 64,000 fr., collected during the two first months of the present year. The same journal asserts that the Popo has received 5001. I offered by " the garages of Australia 1" To-morrow, March 20th, a solemn Requiem Mass for the repose of the souls of these who were slain on the 25th and 27th of February, In Warsaw, will be celebrated at the Church of the Assumption, Warwick-street, Golden. square, at 11 a.m. EMANCIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN SERFS.—Last night the exterior of Orset House, Westbourneterrsce, the residence of the well-known Russian patriot Alexander Herren, was illuminated io honour of the great event which so powerfully affects the condition of his countrymen. THE BUNNING OF THE SARDINIAN LEOATION AT CONSTANTINOPLE.—AI•out 4 o'clock on Sunday morning fire broke out in one of the rooms of the house occupied by the Sardinian minister, in the Rue Tepantsiti, and spread no rapidly, in spite of all efforts to overcome it, that in a few hours the whole mansion was gutted from basement to roof. So quickly, indeed, did the flames engulph room after room, that General and blholame Durand° and the per/sand of the legation hail barely time to effect their individual escape, leaving eletheat furniture, books, documents. and everything • prey to the devouring element. In alines to the usual municipal and other fire-eatgiurs, which arti° ol speedily on the spot, the powerful en gine of the Britah embassy *Fed with admirable effect from the palace Pa s dens and contributed by the vast v o l u m e o f water wh i c h it p oured into the burning mass to confine the flames to the scene of its outbreak. Happily the house—which beloored to Mr. Zarin—wax of stone, and the mischief was therefore the more easily kept from extending to the neighbourisit buildings, some of which, in the rear, arc of wood. Tel calmness of the morning also contributed to the same fey' tunate result. Tito origin of the catunity in twill to be VIP known ; tint an investigation will of mune be held which will probably reveal it. —Lerma Ileraltl. TVs w ago by Xi awl Yr. fendan• the court bias in i usual poi authorised the coal • authority ever, the The Ida went, the authority the land e then deck kale men Leuld not The ban applied for that be I debt! were His Hoe Burge agai was m prix f:ex, &e., fore be SIM Mews. 1 eraneh for Messrs. Ha. The bank Clarkenwell debts of 2,0 Further 0 journmeat I The bank St. James's girt* up asi Mr. Link were eery I An adjou Tice baii was the oerl assets rotor the bankrn laved and fa 'dole to Imo pert. Clu y tterbu liminess ti with the I soma to parchment week after destroyed 1 r ingt° ll2 Lim he affair, and b destroyed. Leaves war The reason side. At p not know b writin; was was his. T amount. T which they not finished By Mr. Bi been copied because the state, not b' ties! to (keel ftkevingto of the copyh red book, an signed the I book. He and that the proposed giv but hie part, copied into t for lighting I After hear His Honoi sion of the ce on the hal rupts had be destroying is evidence her creditors. 1 feet and irre pended for II Lion. The bankr This was the 1901. Hie Flom kept, 'wen The bankr tot his oertif Mr. Lumle had traded tl tion t aa there - s His Holm with a boa& cJass. DISOR, Geor - we - liZ vaulting Nil Little, M E, Last night his fire a t being admi ts conduct wee the whole of fiber. He re caused a mot the defenders Chown was a and it was constables th the police-sit manner, bit, quired the SI policeatatiot The prison worse for dri A patent of Life from osieuet, wou Lard labour i Carotins r •'as fined se. assaulting Ss Prisoner to fi Henry Co/ I appeamoos, A thely-gp Harriett Tun' Hr. Peyote Policeman- Mr. Paynti the first man Policeman hem Paynte Policetun n- Rove that th that certifical Mr. Pavntr tibial I hive I lied. The Of show that th the "wood IT Policeman• with the first sorer admits Prisoner m) wife prop to marry spa H and said he Mr. Pai n t, Harriett 1 Prisoner in 11 shwa. Hari' rocored the in charg e . Prisoner w Woltz& —AI leravies were teed, at the *auk' Rail. "tiht of Mr, "Mb was qe abed* in exi _Waetakea to n ftik hie kw Nee are I I I be