The Press. — London, England, 1854-07-15 00:00:00

662 It is announced that a meeting of the Vienna Con ference will shortly be convened for the consideration of the Russian propositions. The Emperor Napoleon has sent the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour to Omer Pasha. Marseilles is suffering terribly from cholera. On Saturday last the deaths were 59, on Sunday 05, and Monday upwards of 100. The unfortunate soldiers have hitherto been the greatest victims, particularly the 4th Light Infantry. This regiment is almost in its totality composed of recruits dragged from the plough. The city is in a state of panic, business is suspended, and an emigration on a large scale has already taken place. Further details have arrived of the check said to have been suffered by the French expeditionary force against the Kabyles. It is said that owing to some mismanagement the troops were exposed to a galling fire, in which a great number of men were killed, and a general and two colonels were wounded. Fortu nately General Mac Mahon came up with a reinforce ment and prevented a more serious disaster. If this be well founded, it will be necessary to send more troops to Algeria. - According to the last police reports of cholera in St. Petersburg the number of cases under treat ment on June 30 was 405 ; the day previously it was only 114; on the Ist of July there were 580. The epidemic is making great ravages among the garri son of Cronstadt. From Constantinople, on the Bth, we learn that the merchants' quarter of Salonica has been destroyed by fire. The loss of property is considerable. Several of the ex-Greek ministers, as well as some other influential individuals of rank, are to be indicted for illegally appropriating the public money to forward the Greek insurrection. Among the culprits are General Spiro-Milios, formerly war minister at Athens; Colonel Soutos, secretary of the war department ; and General Vlachoupulos, military inspector. All have acknowledged having received each between 300,000 and 400,0(X) drachmas intended for the insurrection, but declined saying on whose account. The pirates in the Archipelago have taken refuge in the small islands, and the sea has again become free. The Madrid Gazette contains a proclamation from the Queen calling on the insurgent officers and soldiers to return to their obedience, and a pardon will be granted to them. An engagement is said to have taken place near Valencia between the royalist and the insurgent troops. The former took 54 prisoners, and the chief of the rebels was killed in the action. The Peninsular mail has brought letters from Lisbon of the oth inst. They contain no political news. The vine disease was spreading most fear fully, with almost certain ruin to the vine-growers and their dependents. A CABINET COUNCIL will be held at the Foreign office this afternoon, at two o'clock. LORD ADOLPHUS FITZCLARENCE is to have the com mand of the Royal Albert, destined as the flag-ship for the channel fleet. THE METROPOLITAN MEMBERS waited upon Lord Palmerston yesterday, on his lordship's invitation, for the purpose of having laid before them the out lines of a plan for improving the sewerage of the metropolis, and to hear their opinions on the subject. YESTERDAY MORNING a most destructive lire broke out on the extensive premises of Messrs. Cook and Co., Manchester warehousemen, St. Paul's-church yard. The premises in which the disaster com menced are the shipping-offices and private dwellings situated in Knowles-court, Carter-lane, Doctors . - commons. By great exertions on the part of the firemen the fire was at length subdued, but not until considerable damage was done. KOSSUTH AT GLASGOW. LAST week there was a great gathering in the City hall, Glasgow, to hear M. Kossuth express his senti ments on the war question now agitating Europe. Professor Nichol presided, and the names of several reverend gentlemen are given as having been present. The speech of Kossuth was distinguished by the eloquence which his most determined opponents cannot deny him, and the whole aim of it, as may be imagined, was to show that Austria was no less to be dreaded than Russia; that, to carry en the war with vigour, the "oppressed nationalities of Europe," Lombardy, Poland, and Hungary, must be summoned to the contest ; and that only by the reconstitution of those countries would an effectual barrier be raised to the aggression of the great northern monarchies. No assurances of great states against territorial en croachment were to be depended on, he said, as such encroachment was under certain circumstances an inevitable result from their geographical position : THE PRESS. " How many assurances gave the Czars that they would never occupy anything of Polish territory, and what has be come of Poland? How many times has the Czar sworn by solemn treaties eternal peace and friendship to Turkey? How solemnly has he, on entering Wallachia, assured you that he meditated nothing against the integrity and inde pendence of Turkey? Did you believe him? if the United States of America will swear that they will never take Cuba, if Great Britain would swear that it never more will extend its territory in India, would you not yourself call the man a fool who would trust it? Well, just such is the case about Austrian assurances as to Turkey. Look to the map ; there is the answer to those assurances—no reason ing against geography. Yet your statesmen tell one another gravely that they trust the assurances of Austria. That's more than what Roman augurs were able to do when two of them met. No ;it is sheer affectation, they don't trust; but, to escape a little difficulty, they sacrifice the aim. It is political expediency. Bless their five wits, Moldavia and Wallachia given in keeping to Austria ; it is the poultry-yard given in keeping to the fox, to keep it from the wolf. (Laughter.) Nay, it is more: Turkey had a purse. A highwayman came and asked the life or the purse. Turkey whipped the highwayman away ; then came her tardy Mends, Great Britain and France, and thus told her : Give your purse in keeping to this honest pick pocket here, or else it is with us you shall have to do. That is the case. Poor Turkey !" Ho contrasted the speech of two principal mein• bers of our Government with their acts, and after wards proceeded to describe the intervention of Austria as adverse to Turkish interests, and designed to shield Russia. The forces of France and England united would be powerless, he asserted, against Sebastopol, and he predicted the most disastrous results from any effort directed against it : " I don't think you can take Sebastopol by the sea. The opportune moment of the coup de ma►n being lost, it would cost sacrifices which you neither can afford nor risk. And as to taking it by land; to take a fortress, accessible by trenches, and having but a garrison to de fend it, that is but a matter of art and of comparative sacrifices. It can be calculated to the hour. But to take an entrenched camp linked by terrible fortresses and an army for garrison in it, and new armies pouring upon your flank and rear, and you in the plains of the Crimea with almost no cavalry to resist them, that is such an undertaking to succeed in which more forces are neces sary than England and France ever can unite in that quarter for such an aim. Ask about it any staff officer who has learned something about tactics and strategy. And in that position is Sebastopol, thanks to your Austrian alliance, which, having interposed herself between you and your enemy in Wallachia, made the Czar free to send such numbers to Sebastopol as he likes. You will be beaten, remember my word. Your braves will fall in vain under Russian bullets and Crimean air—as the Russians fell under Turkish bullets and Danubian fever. Not one out of five of your braves, immolated iu vain, shall see Albion or Gallia again." Sebastopol, he insisted, was only to be taken at Warsaw, and the Oriental question securely settled by the resurrection of Poland, Lombardy, and Hungary. He concluded his long and energetic address, which, according to the published reports, seems to have made a profound impression on his auditory, by de claring that an alliance with nations would make the war short, while an alliance with despotic Govern ments would make it long. Events, however, do not yet seem rife for that " war of opinion" which, ac cording to Canning;—not often lucky in his political prophecies,—would, when hostilities newt broke forth in Europe, supersede the old dynastic and terri torial contests. MATERIAL AIDS TO EDUCATION. THE Society of Arts have recently opened an education& exhibition in St. Martin's-hall, Long-acre,where a series of lectures on cognate subjects is about to be delivered under their auspices. To inaugurate this series an address was delivered on Monday evening, before a large audience, by the Rev. Dr. Whewell, the subject being the " Material Aids to Education." Dr. WHENVELL commenced by explaining the signification of the term education in the sense in which he proposed to apply it ; and viewing it as a means of elevating human nature to the highest attainable standard, without reference to proficiency in any particular art, he said the objects of education should be to make man participate in and appre ciate what is rational, true, beautiful, and good. The in culcation of those four qualities he considered to be essen tial in every perfect system of education, and proceeded to examine each one separately, to show their importance and the means of instilling those principles into the mind. The cultivation of reason depends essentially on the know ledge of language, which is the manifestation of rationality in man, and though the acquirement of language may be considered as spontaneous education, if the subject be pursued further and the history of language and its derivations be studied, a higher branch of knowledge is opened and reasoning faculties of a higher order are brought into exercise. Dr. Whewell pursued the subject of language at some length, with a view to show the pecu liar structure of the English tongue in its relation to what are usually called the " dead " languages. The main struc ture of the language is Saxon, but the superficial part, all that gives it a living character, is derived from the Latin. The next principle taught by education, that of truth — especially in reference to the truths of science—is mainly assisted by those visible aids which it is the ol t iect of the Educational Exhibition to supply. Dr. Whewell alluded to the rude orrery noticed by Cicero as having been constructed in his time, to show that in the earliest days of science visual aids were had recourse to, to SATURDAY, convey notions of the movements of the heavenly bodies ; and, rude and imperfect as those models must have been, they served better than any oral descrip tion could have done to impart a knowledge of the solar system as it was then supposed to exist. But, at the same time that he advocated the use of such material aids to knowledge, he expressed a caution against trusting too much to them, for though the apparatus should be made as perfect as possible, it should always be remembered that the object of such aids is to teach men to think and not to supersede thought. As an illustration of the advantage to be gained by tangible representations, Dr. Whewell showed by the different foldings of a sheet of paper demonstrations of several of the definitions and axioms of Euclid, to which objections have been taken as being neither clear or self evident, and exemplified the me chanical law respecting the weight of bodies when resting upon an inclined surface in a simple manner, by the sus pension and equipoise of a chain over an inclined plane. With respect to the third proposition, that one object of education should be to give an appreciation ofthe beautiful, there might be some question, but he considered that a love of what is beautiful in form and colour, elevated in thought and language, or harmonious in sound, is eminently calculated to raise the character and feelings of men, and to render them mote human, and therefore more humane. lie thought it of great importance to the improvement of the human race that even the humblest and the poorest should be surrounded by, or at least have frequent opportu nities of seeing, what is lovely and beautiful, and the teach ing of music he considered to be scarcely inferior to any of the other branches of a popular education as a means of softening and elevating the character. As to the fourth, and what may perhaps be considered the most important object of education—that of teaching men how to be good—Dr. Whewell regretted there was so little agreement as to the mode by which it could be best attained. There could not, therefore, be collected any aids to education of this kind. But it might be confidently asserted that mental education properly directed could not fail to produce beneficial effects. Moral and religious training must always go hand in hand with intellectual culture, for by teaching man the exercise of his rational faculties, by making him partici pate in and appreciate what is true and beautiful, they would not fail to make him good. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE. Tuesday, July 11. BAN ERUPTS..rzza Wiessa, Castle-street, Holborn, tailor—JAMES TRIGGS, Wu. TRIGG'S, and EDWARD TRIGOIL Southampton, upholsterers—J/3ms SWALLOW, Maiden head, Berkshire, corn merchouvt—Gitosos Szwraz. GREEN, Aylesbury-street, Clerkenwell, and elsewhere, grocer—Olovasin BAPTISTA GIUSTINIANI and SAVERIO CASTRLLI, Bury-court, St. Mary•axe, merchants—Jorne ADasts, Longton, Staffordshire, china manufacturer —JOAN DAVID NEILL and HENRY SANDER son, Liverpool, shipbrokers. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. —WY. LEARYOUTIL West Calder, Edinburglishire, grazier—Joss DUCES, Glasgow, builder —Ws. DICKSON, Glasgow, wine merchent—Wx.riczarsit.Lean head, Edinburghshire, grocer DAVID OAUDIE, Montrose, plumber. Friday, July 14. - - _ BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED.-WiLLIAm HOLMES POSTL/413, Enfield, wine merchant BANKRUPTS.-WARD Wier ARLISS, Plymouth, ale and porter merchant-THOMAS STEN HO U SE, Friday-street, Cheapside, warebouseman-Wia. WHITEHEAD and MARY ANN WHITEHEAD, Leicester, inukeepers-CORMELIOS TERRY, Birmingham, cut nail manufacturer-THomAs ARCHER and SAMUEL ARCHER, Burslem , tailors-Gonnom HIINRY C R I P ra, Shrewabury, wine merchant--JAMES ROWLEY, Stafford- street, Bond-street, licensed victualler - ROBERT MORRISON, Drury-lane, baker-HINE/ RUBBRA, Dudley, grocer-JAMES DAVID JONES and CHARLES GOLD, Cheapside, tavern keepers-WILLIAM HENRY FLBMINO, Camberwell, brewer-WILLIAM READE and GEORGE READS, II iheniia Chambers, London-bridge, provision merchanta-JAMES ECXLEY Paocirran, New Quay, St. Columb Minor, Cornwall, shipowner-Wu-Lux Sims, Pimlico, builder- GEORGE Honsos, Leeds, grocer-TIMOTHY JOHN SMITH, (trading under the name of Jr:mason), Windsor, dealer in cutlery-TAMES PURDAY and WILLIAM THomAnPURDAT, Norfolk, builders-THOMAS SQUIRES, Grosvenor-mews, Bond-street, coach builder-CHARLES WHITE, Salisbury, upholsterer-GEORGE TENNANT, Market- street,West minster,licensedvictualler-CHnisToeims SrAsHirrr, Barking, mast and block maker-JOHN SMITH and Loam ASHBY, Great Coram-street, linendraners. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS.-CHARtza ROBB, Forfar, draper-DAVID Norman, Edinburgh, builder-JAMES JAMIESON and Co., Borrowstoun-road, potters. PORTRAIT or GARRICIL—The fine head of Garrick painted by Zoffany for the elder Colman, and sold from the Belmont collection at Uxbridge, has been lithographed by Lowes Dickinson, in his best style, and published by Wlienny. We do not recollect at what date the figure was painted, but the face is that of Garrick in his prime, before his features had sus tained the stage-wear which induced Johnson's joke. The portrait is oval-shaped, of a good size for framing, and represents a singularly handsome, refined, and expressive face. The lively flexibility of the mouth indicates the actor's art ; the lip and eye realizing the image : " What a mental power this eye shoots forth ; how big ima gination moves on this lip; to the dumbness of the gesture one might interpret." THE GULF OF FINLAND AND BALTIC SEA are de , lineated with great clearness and precision in a well engraved map published by Mr. Wyld. Both coasts of the Gulf from the Aland Isles are well delineated, the fortifications being indicated by red lines. On spare spaces are given plans of Cronstadt, Helsingfors, with the Sveaborg forts, the Gulf of Bothnia, and Cronstadt and St. Petersburg. For general use no better chart could be desired, and just now it will be especially useful to show the operations of the allied fleets, and of the French forces on the eve of de parture for the Baltic.