The Express. — London, England, 1861-02-02 00:00:00

ALL TEAS at MERCHANTS' PROFITS, Tr VISOR SDUCtIoNu. rwastral. WM. per lb. MOORE 11.110THLIIS aad C. 15. Laiiima-bridge. CU7. ALLEN'S PATENT PORTMANTEAUS alld T ILAVELLI NO BAGS with equare openings. ILADIPNURKxI TRUNKS, DILIA•INt.: BAGS. with diva 51011'ATI 11 MAID% WRITING anti DOMING CASTS, and Mother &slid," for home or costibetatal ti C Whit. Illustrated CalaFncut+ ho .44/ 10-t for Mu J. W. ALLO:N. Lar .1. W. owl T. Allen. %lannfrctorer of °M- Ms' Pall.ack rulture and Military thitOtter ,sera wigwags eata ages .1841 a strand, LasAlus. H•RMONIUDIS—NEW MODEL. - egAMltt. WALE. sal Os.. 111. Cie erpreso. to omit %roN own. teletills•Tnente t.itesded for • The Lama" London Evening ►y.rr nod be at the ire • 10. Yearerte•etreet, by Too este* on the day of public:lama NATWARIT. THI 4 MinkSu STOOP 4 To nvccirnt. Moon. Chip aad Ma Fanny Stirling.—Aml 4,II:KEN lADYSIILD AMU MU CIIILLOtEN I.r. Ilarletialo and a 11443/0 00 VLIV. Heir Oak nelochrtv.v. Miss P.Wnglit, tllae LWe.kes• FRINCINC4. Zrlllllll2 jalf BUIL Mew. V. elder. Bull Potter. an.l Hank Mire —AM the pantoonlroe, calkd RatilNweir .1U 44. E or. Ruirquta Y, y . SIMI The Maks of the rarribbre Islao4s. Vuoa. Latourass IL Lrarralatre, Mr. A. Forret. RT. Tins !Munro. MIT w JoVILXAL —TR 1M.6 or !IT. Thorn tile..,. A. w igam and Emy; Ns& bankindiarn Whits. .—anj Dv if IN, WWI. C. TOYS . M. Cum. thetart, and Itainer.—Caumanne it Inall-pont 7. lIIITAVNIA. Tins swum, THR INUNCI AND THE DOKE Dews. Tttt. I'M►7. Jean Leah, Roby. awl )(nylon. IClne akrnan. Mr A. Uoaalas. lan M. Cisomfaid. —And 1 MLA:4MM YR.)II THE 11:A. Kern. Sloysokle and Sylams; Itrs. ►' YasuolLL MON WANED AT LONDON MEWL Too Dia —Derias ill 7fa .... Mifirsera, db. Ulm Tuoessow—Nimiag. AOsnoto. Tl 51m. LOYD(►V, PUTURDAY, FEB. 2. Tn r. HanchesterChambordCommercecommence their M mute on India with a very striking represen tation. They tell her MAJLI47OI government and the Legislature that so many manufacturers' pro. fits, so many merchants' returns, so many artisans' wages depend on the contentment and tranquillity of the people of India, that we cannot afford loose administration, ruinous taxes, and wasteful expenditure there. 41411er aspects of our con nexion with India may be more familiar to philan thropists and legislators, but this is the one which, without excluding others, most impresses the mind of Manchester. And a most important view it is. The argument was not always so strong. When the India trade was thrown open, our annual exports to that country were under a million ; whereas we have recently seen them approach nineteen millions, exceeding in value a fourth of the produce of that manufacturing industry of Lancashire which Mr. BRIGHT justly considers the most stupendous the world has ever seen. The men of Manchester are thus the natural enemies of the ins.,.,ri,uecc which neglects, the wastefulness which exhausts, and the mal-adminia tration which oppresses the springs of Indian pros perity. Manchester complains against the Indian Govern ment that it manages its income so ill as not only to get deeper and deeper in debt, but to lose the command of money. Thus driven to retrench ment, it manages its outlay so ill that it cuts off the very expenditure which almost alone can be called reproductive. Amidst the general indifference shown to Indian topics in England—although nothing is clearer than that we must all suffer from the unchecked growth of the Indian debt—it is satisfactory to find a body of men having an interest in the question sufficiently special to stir them up to urge this very serious view of the fact& on the Government and Legislature. A de ficiency of six millions and a quarter occurring three years after the mutiny, and the inability of the Government to raise any further sums of money in India, is assigned as justifying a reso lution to discontinue the execution of great public works on which the prosperity of millions of our fellow-subjects depends. Few people have any adequate conception of the value of public works, considered merely as a stimulant of revenue, in • country so populous and agricultural as India. In the famine year of 1837.8 the Western Juruna Canal saved crops to the value of a million and a half, of which one-tenth part was paid to the Government as rent. Other works of this class have in eleven years paid their cost in direct canal revenue, besides adding immensely to the fertile territory. The Godavery and Kilda& Canal system has been truly recognised by Sir CHAILLIA TIIIIVELYAN as " a source of wealth and " strength and credit to the nation." Agricul tural improvement and means of transport are all that is wanted to convert enormous districts into sources of large revenue. Is it with expenditure on objects of this kind that Indian retrenchment is to begin 1 We trust not. It is the military expenditure of the country that must be cut down. It is impossible that, now when the era of war and spoliation is over, we are held by any necessity to the maintenance of 80,000 European and 300,000 native soldiers in India. We shall see what the Military and Finance Commissions appointed last year have to say to these matters, and if the result is not a large reduction of army expenditure it will be the duty of people at home to inquire the reason why. The taxation of India is not excessive, even now that it has been increased. A little more than 4s. a head makes out the revenue of the country. If we only avoid deficit now, and by keeping the public finances in order encourage the application of capital to the soil, we may reason ably look forward to a time when a revenue equal to the demands of • rapidly progressive civilisa tion may be raised in India with far less difficulty than that which we find at present insufficient to do much more than enable us to keep our hold on the country. The question in what way the money required for the public works of India should be raised, is one which should be well discusa,d before any resolution is taken. The raising of "a loan, to " be specially and exclusively applied to the re " antiphon and completion of reproductive works " in hubs, under the control of a Board of Werke, " to be appointed for each of the three ?real " dencies respectively," is an expedient which the Manchester Conference recommend, for adoption, " unless means are otherwise available." We hope that whatever is done, the sale of land will sot be resorted to. That land, prudently saved and economically administered, may be made the bulwark of our power in India, by enabling us to give the natives the best of governments at the smallest espouse the world has ever seen. This is • poiat we have often urged, but it is still DOCell• sari to repeat the argnment Government should never part again with such bind as it retains or can recover. So long as the laud is retained as the property of the State, provision is made for the needs of the State. The setthmient of the country by European capitalists dues not imply ti me absolute sale of land to them, any more then does the cultivation of the moil by sa ti n ,. Terme advantageous enough to invite eapitid and labour can be offend without a complete surrender of the sod. Let those terms be as liberal as can be advised, but let the laud retest sooner or later to the State for their readjustment. They are sure to be made liberal from policy. The Covenr moot knows well that the way to increase the revenue payments of a district is to bear lightly upon it. If we ace a part of India where, together with its commerce, its revenue payments have in creased, and ask how it has been treated by the Government, we are sure to find that it is a place where the assessment has been lowered, or that some beneficial work, some road, canal, or restored irrigation, has stimulated industry and invited en terprise. In the North-West Provinces, where the British Goveniment demands 25 per cent. less land tax than the native rulers did, tillage ex tends from year to year, and the prosperity of the people is proved by the cultivation and revenue going on during the mutiny. We have said nothing about the new Indian im port duties, by which Manchester is peculiarly aggrieved, only however because it is important enough to demand a separate notice. THE ESPRI'SS, SATURDAY EVENINq, FEBRUARY 2, 1861. 'SO (bun. WINDSOR CASTLE, Fn. 1. The royal dinner party yesterday comprised the Princess Alice, the Duke of Cambridge, the Prince and Princess de Joinville, the Princes Francoise d'Orleans, the Earl and Countess Grey, the Earl of Shelburne, Lord John 31:inners, Viscount and Viscountess Castlerosse, Colonel and Lady Emma Talbot, Colonel Seymour, C.D., and CoL the Hon. J. Macdonald. The Laud of the Royal Hone Guards played during dinner. The fifth dramatic performance took place in the evening. The following was the programme : A Comedy, in Three Acta, by Mr. Tom Taylor, entitled THE CONTESTED ELECTION. Mr. Dedgson 'an Attorney) Mr. Wapshott •a Barrister , Mr. W. Farm. Mr. iloneylom a retired wholesale Omar, Peekover Pres Went of the blue lambs) Mr. Backslaw. Topper President of the Green Limit Yr. (*nolo Copperthwaire • hieetors of Slam. % Mr. Morrell. Old Wiokle ) borough .Mr. Morse. Mr. Gathercole of the Ylamborough " Beacon - , Mr. Spiteheock of the rim:thorough "Patriot " Trundle Clerk to Dedeleal Mr. Coe. snapper a sheriff's Orioar ) Mr. Courtney. James 'servant to Mr. lioestybua) Mn. tiolleyiptin Mr. li ime) btu i's second Wile . Clara her stepdaughter Miss Fanny Wright. Under the direction of Mr. W. Hatboro Duane. Stage Manager Mr. George Ulm. The theatre amazed and the areaery painted by Mr. Thomas Grieve. A little after half-past eight the Queen and Prince Con sort, with Princess Alice, Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, Primes' Helena, Princess Louise, the Luke of Cambridge, the Prime, and Princess de Join.ille, and the Princess Pram-owe d'Orleana, accompanied by the dinner company, and attended by the Ladies and Gentlemen io Waiting, entered the theatre in St. George's Hall, when the per refinance immediately commenced. Her Majesty's private band formed the orchestra. Refreshments were served in the Waterloo Gallery. The Queen, with Princess Alice and Princess de Joinville, drove out this morning in an open carriage and four ; Viacountess Caatleroise, Lady Emma Talbot, and the Lady in Waiting, followed in a second carriage and four. Colonel the Hon. A. N. Hood attended on horseback. The Prince Consort, accompanied by tbe Duke of Cam bridge and the Prince de Joinville, went out shooting, attended by Colonel Punsonby and Colonel the Hon. J. Macdonald ; Lord Castlercese and Colonel Talbot had the honour of shooting with the royal party. Prince Arthur rode out on horseback, attended by Major Elphinstone. All the visitors have left the Castle. The following took their departure in the afternoon :—The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Colonel the lion. J. Macdonald; the Prince sod Priucess de Joinville, and Princem Francois. d'Orlwans, N'iscount and Viscountess Castlemese, and Colonel and Lady Emma Talbot. Earl and Countess Grey, and Lord John Manners quitted the Out!e in the forenoon. The queen will bold a Privy Council at Buckingham Palace on Monday Dent, the 4th inst. A Cabinet Council was held yestenlay at the official residence of the First Lord of the Trnaury, in Downing-street. The ministers present were Vis count Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Sir G. Cornwall Lewis, Lord John Russell, the Duke of New castle, Lord Herbert, the Chancellor of the Exche quer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. Thomas Milner Gibson, Lord Stanley of Alderley, Sir George Grey, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hun. Edward Cardwell The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yester day in the Council Chamber. A . petition for Napier's patent prolongation (improvement to smelting ores) was heard. Lord Crituworth stated that their lor dsh ips would advise the Queen to grant an extension of the patent for the term of live years. A petition for William Newton's patent prolongation (improvement in letterpress printing) was heard. Lord Crauworth, on the part of their lordships, sitavd that they would advise her Majesty to grant a pro longation of the patent for the term of five years. The lords present were—Lords Cranworth and Chelmsford, and. the Lads Justices Knight Bruce and Turner. Despatihes were sent from the Colonial-offico yesterday to the (inventors of the West India Islands, British Colum bia, Canada, and to the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Comort,aud the youthful members of the royal family, will arrive at Buckingham Palace on Monday from Windsor Castle. The Queen will hold a Privy Council the same afternoon, when the royal speech to be delivered at the opening of parliament the succeeding day will be settled. - - The Cambridge Irviependeat says that at the Concert at Sidney College, the National Anthem was omitted in compliance with en express wish of the court and the prince himself, that " for the future, when his royal highness appears in public, during his stay in Cambridge, he may be allowed to enjoy himself in quiet, and be received with silent respect." His Excellency the Earl of Carlisle, K.G., held his first drswiug•roum fur the season at Dublin Cutle on Thursday evening. The Duchess of Inverness gave a grand enter tainment last evening, at Kensington Palace, to their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Prim:mut Mary, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge. The following were invited to meet their royal high nesses Excellency the Ruasian Ambassador and the Hareem Brunnow, his Excellency the Austrian Ambas sador and the Copulae; d'Apponyi, the Duke of Newcastle, the Earl of St. Germans, the Countess of Erroll, Viscount and Viscountess Castterms', Lord and lady Napier, Lord and Lady Cremorae, Count Wimpffen, Baron Buck-Fries, Hon. Henry Eliot, General Foster, Colonel Home Playas, Captain Falbe, Mr. Peel, Miss Gor, Mal . Taylor, &c. Later in the evening her grace hada small assembly. The Duchess of St. Albans and Lady Diana Beauclerk bay* returned to town from Buckinghamshire. The Duke of Rutland comes to town on Monday from Belvoir Castle, Leicestenhire, The Earl and Counte& of Winchilaes and Lady Florence Paget bays left the St. George's Hotel. His Excellency General von Bonin has left Maerity's Hokil on hie return to Berlin. Lord and Lady Willoughby de Ereaby have arrived in town from Grimthcatie Park, Lincolnshire. Lord and Lady Wodehouae have arrived at their residence in Bryanstons•square from Kimberley Park, Norfolk. Baron and Baroness Meyer de Rothschild have been entertaining their Royal Highneeen the Duke and Duchene d'Aumale and a large party at Mentinore during the pat week. Thu Right Ron. Sir Edmund W. Read, Go veroor.Geoeral of Canada', and Ludy Heed and the Mimeo Heed, have left Farrance's Hotel for Liverpool, on their way to Canada. Sir Anthony and Lady de Rothachild have en tertained a select party during the week at Aston Lodge. Amongst the company have been the Duchess of St. Albans .ord Lady Diana Beauclerk, Lady Holesworth, Omit Wimpffen, Hon. Evelyn Ashler, Sir Henry Dotterel', Ike Mime Probyo, Mr. Delane, Mr. Waal, Mr. J. Abel Smith, to. We (Staffordshire Advertiser) are happy to state that the Duke of Sutherland has had another favourable week, ands decidedly improving. The duchess went out Ear a drive on Thursday for the first time since the duke's Illness. Besides the duchess, there remain in the house the daughters of her grace—the Michela of Argyll, the Marabiaaasa of Kildare, Lady BLmtyre, and Lady Coastance Gramme ; so that the noble duke, during his severe Mans, boa bad all the attention and sympathy that could be offered by his affectionate family. The Marquis of Stafford and the Hoe. Charles Howard also remain at Trentham. The Earl of Lincoln, eldest son of the Duke of Newcastle, te about to form a matrimonial alliance with the daughter of Mr. Henry Thome Hope, of Deepdene. The bride will hare a princely dowry. Oa Saturday Morning the marriage of Lieu tsmaat-Colonel John Francis Cost, of the Grenadier Guards, and Lady Florence Harriet Luce lles, fourth daughter of the late and sister of the present Earl et Harewood, was seleassised in St. Mary's Chapel, Dalkeitistark by the Very Rev. Dean Ramsay, in presence of a numerous and fashionable assemblage. The gallant bridegroom in nephew of the lrrl.o of Buccleuth, and the youthful bride a niece of the duchess. THE OPE.NING OF PARLIAMENT. (From Last Night's Gazette.) Palace d Weetmiaeter. I.sed Groat Chamberlain's.odice, Feb. 1. All peervvArn wishing to be prteeliteu theuerapion of the oponuo4 of rorliament, ea Tuesday, the 6 th February, will hare Ow." reer•rvel for them in the Heusi of lA - wile, if the anmciorement be made at the Lad Great Chamber. lein'sorfliee three no 31onelsy, the Ith isooLgut, And tielket+. not tr.th•fentl.le, for the peeresses' Leitch will he forty/anted to them. Peer.* chlest %ow: will hare tickets for the peers' eldest sous box forward:sl to them upon a written or penimad atiditatim at the office. No wrson except those entitled to be Trnent, in the Ifouse :4 1.445, can be admitted without a ticket from the Lord I :re-at I lonmlerlain. Ticket% tor the interior of the House of Lords will be al - at the peers' entrance. Tiektts (..r the 1:..y41 UaUery at the Viaoria Tower eutrabee. _ the wo! be opened at twelve o'clock. N'ILLOUGHBT UE ElitABT, G.C. BY °FIDE!: OF THE LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN. RE.:CLATION . . TO BE. OBsEITID OR RUCH DAYS AM HEM MAJENTY %PALL (*OBE PI:BLICLT TO ?Hi ROI OE LOKI" - . _ TI OPENOk rttORIX3I:I: The front benches rolsa — theilouse of Lords to be re. @erred for the loribi, the upper bench, on the left of the throne, being the dukes* bench.. Yeerees s , who have given due notice, to be shown to their placed on the bete b rt , ervg-t1 for peeress,•* only. The bench behind the peenames' bench, on the left of the throne, to be reser. ed for peers' daughter.. Seutch and Irish peers, not being peers of parliament, sod the eldest sons ~f o,ev, to be inte.l to the peers eldest sons' b , c below the her, The apace below the Ltr to be kept clear fur the members of the Houee of Common,. No person whatstievcr to be admitted at the peers en. tratirc without a ticket from the Loot Great Charobtrlvia, except peers, peen' eldest soot, foreign ministers and their attaela2s, Ju1?..., awl other a.ahltants summoned by writ. No person to he admitted at the Victoria Tower entrance without a ticket foci, the Lord Greet ChamLerlain, except the officials connected with the ceremony, or the procession, who are to be directed to that entrance. Servants att.:Dding the lords with their robot, to be di rected to the bishole' entrance and staircase. Doors to ho opened :11 twelve o'clock. WILLOUGHBY DC EMMET, C.C. The Ron. J. H. Cameron, who ix a member of the Canadian Legislature, ■nd a grand toaster of the Orange body in British America, is at present in the north of Ireland, and war wtleiimed to Belfast on Wednesday evening at a dinner ■o I public meeting of the " brethren in the Oranmhall of that town. The local journals give lengthened reports of the proceedings. .. . .. We (Times) a requested to state that, owing to the very dangerous abbess of ► member of the family of his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, the meeting of the Convomtion of the Province of Canterbury oo Wed nesday next will only be pro form?, and that due Doties will be Frets of thu further meeting of that body for Weiner. Yesterday evening, at the ordinary weekly meet ing of the members of the Royal Inertutiue, the Rev. Alex. J. D. D'Oney delivered a lecture on "Thu Study of the Puglia Lau ea an Essential pert of a University Coarse." Professor Challis will leave the Cambridge Observatory, but retain the Muni= professorship, and reside in Cambridge and a member of the university will be appointed to a newly-crested office—that of olmervator. He will reside at the Observatory, perform the duties, and receive a suitable salary. "It will be difficult," says the (Ambridge ladepottlent, "to *elect • gentleman who is able to execute the duties of the new office) efficiently, for though there are plenty of theoretical astronomers, there are few practical observers and computers." The Royal Charter, incorporating the Commis ikons of the Great Exhibition of ISM, hoe been drawn, and is at this moment before her Mandy for signature. "By the Use," says the Atheiv ion of to-day, " then words 1301110 under theeyse of our distant readers, Earl Granville, the Marquis of assedoe, Mr. Baring, Mr. C. Wentworth Cake, and Mr. Fairbairn will have received from the Queen full ' powen to proceed with the building and arrangements." The Liverpool natural Mtn are preparing an an niversary festival, to be held in St. George's Hall in April of this year. Notice has been given at the British Galleries of the National Gallery at Smith Kensington that henceforth se copy is to be made of any picture, the painter of which is living, without his written consent. _ _ Mr. Birket Foster, on artist whose delicate pen cil has been the delight of Christina& homes for many years, died at his house in St. John's-wood last week. The ladled of ludic, with Lady Causing at the bard of their committee, purpose to erect a monument over the too-famous well at Cawopore. Mr. !ken, ILA., hes muds desigus for this work. The lien reportol to be entertained some time ago for restoring the royal tombs in Westminster Abbey hes bents abondomxl definitively, and the wily meddling that has been all o wed upon them (says the defsereeitn) is covering them with a eilicious preparation, which, it le to be ►eyed, will May farther decay, at least for a time. The Easter piece at the Haymarket will be written by Mr. Tom Taylor. The subject be has chosen is, we (Suedes Times) understand, a somewhat wetl•kaown incident, entitled The Alb! in Difficulties. The Easter piece at the Princess's will be founded es certain events which occurred in Frame during the time of the Huguenots. Mr. Feaster and Mr. Brougham are to be the joiut author, of the piece, in which, we nailer. Mood, they will both play. Mr. Fechter is announced to appear at the Princess's Theatre in the character of Des Cams de Baas, at the 11th Inc. During the performance of Muck Ado About oe Tamslay evening, • mistake occurred which would pmholily have destmyed the acting of lees talented actors than Mr. ►sd Mrs Kean, In the middle of the love sinew between Beatrice ►nd llenedick, the Hata were cud- Ss* changed, and to their surprise •ad horror, the loven feendUieinselves soddenly *maimed in • dungeon. We (Sitmlay Times) are given to understand that at the !WI of the present month (unless previously disposed of by private contract) Aatley's Royal Amphitheatre, to (ether with the whole of the wardrobe, scenery, machinery, stabling accommodation, be., will be sold by aunties. It is currently rumoured in military circles (says the Veiled Serrfre Ges:ette) Bast Ma)orAletierel Sir Richard Alrey will, oe relinquishing his present appointment of Qicarternisster-General, proceed to Canada, to take the. essamend of the troops in that rsilooy„ It is said that the agricultural accounts from all parts of the United Kingdom have become much more en couraging owing to the recent fruit having been followed by the present dry weather. The following letter was received at Cirenceiter yesterday, addresewl to the committing magistrate, and re- Swim to the late poathiag awe which excited so much props:—"Wbetehall, Jan. 29, 1861. flar,-1 1011 directed by thelisarrAary of Stale for the Home Department, to UNA you far your report on the tale of John Hall, awl sequalat yea that coder all the circumstances he doe, not purpose advising any intorferenee with the prisoner , . —tops.-1 am, sir, your most obedient servant, H. Wanassotos." LATEST INTELLIGENCE. THE KING OF ITALY. "In a few days," mays the Debats, "the Italian parliament meets at Turin, and one off the first acts will be to proclaim Victor Emmanuel King of Italy. At Turin great and just importance is attached to this solemn manifestation, which cannot but re sound through Europe, and the moral effect, in dealing the last blow to reactionary hopes and projects, will contribute more powerfully than General Cialdiui'm guns to hasten the fall of Gaeta." THE INSURRECTION IN THE ABRUZZI. Francis 11. has addressed the following to the inhabitants of the Abruzzi : Abruzcians,—When a foreign power threatened to up root the foundations of our country—when it spared nothing to destroy the prosperity of our fine kingdom, and to make us slaves, you gave me strong proofs of your fidelity. By your severe and noble attitude, you dis couraged the common enemy, and checked the rapid course of a revolution which was gaining ground by means of calumny, treason, and every kind of seduction. I have not forgotten your language. Loy►l Abruzzians, become once more what you were, and let fidelity, love of your country, and the welfare of your children spin brace your sinews. We cannot for a single moment allow ourselves to believe the insidious perfidies of a party which wishes to deprive us of everything. Let us not submit to their will; let us rather claim the liberty of our laws, customs, and religion. My wishes accompany you always and everywhere. Heaven will bless your actions. FRANCIS. PERUGIA, FEB. I. Four hundred muskets, destined for the reaction ids in the Abruzzi, have been seized by the French at Ticovaro. The following telegrams have been received atMr. Reuteem office : GAETA. ROME, F. L Reports are current in official quarters here that last night the firing at Gaeta was very violent on both sides, but that little damage was done in the city. For several hours a Sardinian gunboat fired near the Convent of the Holy Trinity, but when the battery Transylvania replied the gunboat retired. NAPLES, Jar. 31, 4.64 P.M. The elections are favourable to the government. The republican party has been beaten at Naples and in the provinces. The siege operations before Gaeta are being actively continued by the Sardinians. The firing is feeble on both sides. Prince Carignan has left for Nola di Gaeta. HUNGARY. PESTR, Frs. I. In to-day's sitting of the Municipality of this city M. Desk read the projected address in reply to tho Imperial reseript. This address was opposed by M. Stilitssi as being too moderate, bat was defended by M. IChtvos, who caused its adoption by the Municipality. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY. The Monitoir of to-day announces that the Senate has agreed, by 122 against 2 votes, to the seitatus cuiantltion, in reference to the publication at reports of the sittings of the Corps Legislatif. It also announces the close of the extraordinary session of the Senate. THE BRAZIL MAIL. LISBON, Fn. 1. The Royal Mail steamship Tyne, with the above mail, arrived here to-day at 6 p.m., and will leave for Southampton at 10 o'clock to-morrow morning, with 38 paruiengers and 2,633/. in specie. The political news from the Brazils is unim portant. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. At Rio, on the 10th of January, exchange on Loudon was quoted 261. Cotfue, good first, 5,500 reis to 5,600 run per arras. Shipments since the departure of the last mall, 3011,000 bags, including 133,000 bags far the Channel. Stock, 20,000 bags. Freights, 60e. to 655. BA/M.—Exchange on London, 261. Cotton :No salsa. PERNAMBUCO.—Exchaoge on London, 251. Sugar: Whites, 4,300 ; brow no, 2.400 per snobs. AMERICAN MAIL. LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Africa, which sailed this aftermxm for New York, took 13,3381. in specie. Sir Edmund Head, Governor-General of Ca nada, is among her passengers. INTOLERANCE AT PISA. The following came of Fleetly intolerance occurred in Pisa within the course of the last few weeks. It baa ended in the defeat of Cardinal Corsi, Archbishop of Plea ; but I refer to it in order to show to what trifles these priests will stoop, in order to show their lured of Pro testantism. Dr. C—, an advocate of character and in fluence, and respected by all, though known to belong no longer to the church of Rome, had the misfortune to lose one of his daughters by death last summer. The parish nest made no difficulty about receiving the body, and mg it according to the rites of the church ; and, sa in I y funerals are conducted by the priest and a set of hire. lisp, and never attended bythe relatives of the deceased, Dr. C— felt that, without violating his conscience, he could have his daughter buried by the side of other members of the family in the Campo Santo at Pies. So far, no diffi culty. The father afterwards desired to place a monumen tal stow on the wall adjoining the grave. There was still Do difficulty. But when the inscription to be placed on it was sent in to the chief of the fraternity to whom the Campo Santo belongs, it was refused, because it cootaired this verse, taken from the Diodeti, or Protestant treat time of the Scriptures, " Look unto Ye, and be ye saved, ' all ye ends of the earth, for lam God, and there is none else."—lsaah xlv. 52. It was no secret that this was the cardinal's doing, but Dr. C— was :reeler(' not to yield ; be applied to the Prefecture of Pisa, and obtained an order for the erection of the monument. I need not trouble your readers with all the vexatious annoyances put in his way ere the stone was in its place. Once there, the battle seemed jAiiied ; and apparently the cardinal counted upon the family looking at the matter in this light, and taking no more interest in the cemetery; he therefore allowed a certain time to elapse, and then gave orders to have the inscription removed. C— knew what his anta gonist was up to, and had set a watch ; he was not conse quently surprised to hear of the order, but repaired at oace Ito the prefecture tomake it known. The mistode of the cemetery end the mason were summoned to the prefecture, and there informed that the monument was not to be touched ; that they would from that moment be held re sponsible for its being left unmolested, and that if any man attempted to remove it, whether mason or custode, or the ('ordinal Corsi himself, be would at once be arrested and thrown into prison.—Patriot Correspondent. The Algiers journals state that the Duke and Duchess de Malakhotf lately had a narrow escape. They were driving out in a carnage, and on reaching the Vance de la Femine-Sauvago the homes took fright at a cart, and started off at a rapid rate ; the coachman could not control them ; but seeing that they were approaching a deep ravine he, by a violent effort, succeeded in throwing them on one aide. One of the horses was injured, and the pole of the carriage was broken ; but neither the duke nor duchess was hurt. THE GARIHA Llbl AM COMMITTEISI.—A communi cation from Turiu of the :Nth ult. says :—" M. Bertani, whose state of health faunal great usswaness, has decidedly resigned the presidentship of Use Glaribeldian committees, in the following letter addressed to M. Mauro Macchi, member of the tieetral Committee of Assistance for Rome sod Vsuios : • 1 inf you, my dear colleague, of the irreeticable decision I here come to of retiring from the direction of the Central Committee. You, who are ac quainted with my state of health, can better than any other M taking my good will lute acounnt, appreciate the inidiree which hare led me to this resolution. I take lire of the I 'onimittee of Assistanee by the annexed cir cular. Ito all the gisst which 11:1•0 in your power for the .1(111111 of mu country with the new c •ttesa. and re am:whet your fsteud, " • BZETAXL" , EXPRESS FROM PARIS. PATERSON v. BONAPARTE. (nom ous OWN PARIS, FRIDAY EVERRO. Public curiosity to hear the arguments in the great Bonaparte case was even greater than on the first day. A crowd besieged the doors of the court as early as seven in the morning. Not a tenth part of the people who made the attempt were able to get in. M. Berryer began his reply by saying that the course taken by the other side rendering it neces sary for him to speak at greater length than he had intended, he would not waste time by answering allusions personal to himself, or the accusation that this cause was instituted merely in order to be argued, and not with the expectation of being won. His adversary was free to treat as a "light chimera, floating in the air," the marriage against the validity of which "all the irregular arms of an absolute monarch had been exhausted." Stress had been laid upon the ripe age of Miss Paterson at the time of the mar riage. It had been said that she was 23 and Jerome Bonaparte 19. The facta were that she was 18 and he 21 and upwards, as was proved by his lieutenant's commission. He utterly denied that Miss Paterson had ever made use of the de grading expression imputed to her by M. Allou, that she would ran the risk if she could " only be his wife for an hour." Upon the question of " elantlestiuity," he ridiculed the idea of calling a marriage clandestine which had been long in con templation, and was finally celebrated by a bishop in the presence of the French consul. On the point of "good faith," he urged that by the law of France when Jerome Bonaparte ' left it, he was of age, and had the power of contracting a valid marriage at 21, and that although M. Pichou, the charg4 d'affaires, had told bim that there was a new law, he might well have supposed that the new law had not yet come into force, not having been regularly promulgated. M. Pichou, of whom so much had been spoken, had a spite against Jerome Bona parte, who he feared would be appointed ambas sador to the United States in his place. The want of publication of banns in France was only an irregularity, and no cause of nullity. That was the undoubted doctrine of the Court of Caseation. Moreover, the policy of the law being that children should not be left in a state of uncertainty as to 'their legitimacy, a suit for nullity of marriage was not maintainable after the status of a married couple (la possession d'itat) had been acquired. That stable had hated from 1803 to 1806, and was not to be disputed. He understood that M. Trop long denied having been a party to a legal opinion upon the strength of which the Emperor wrote to Prince Jerome in 1864, that the son of his first mar riage was legitimate. Since M. Troplong said so, of course ho must believe him. He had not said that M. Troplong had signed it ; but the opinion would be produced, and whether it was in the hand writing of M. Troplong or M. Abbattucci was no matter. He denied that the nullity of the mar riage had ever been " regularly " applied fur, and it was now too late to make the demand. On the question, unimportant in a legal point of view, whether the Pope, as stated by the other side, must be taken to have changed his opinion—since, although he refusal to set aside the first marriage, he recognised the second with the Princess Cathe rine of Wurtemburg—M. Berryer said that the congratulations sent by the Pope on the occasion of the latter marriage were mere polite formalities, and be read a passage from his Holiness's letter, expressing a hope that " circumstances of which he was ignorant had no doubt changed the cha racter of the marriage, which he had formerly recognised in a religious point of view." He strenuously denied that the decree of the Emperor Napoleon 1., supposing it to be regularly issued as a decree (which it was not) was of any fore° to annul a marriage contracted before ho was Emperor. The senates eouseltetn of Prairial Year XII, bad given him no such power. Moreover, at the time of his decree, Jerome bad not been created a French prince, and consequently wait not subject to the Emperor's jurisfiction. The Emperor well knew that his decree was inoperative, for subse quently to the date of it, he told the Pope that if his Holiness would break the religious marriage tie, the Emperor would get the civil marriage dissolved afterwards. He had learned from the Arch-Clu►n cellor Camtuiceth that the judicial tribunals were alone competent to decide the question. In reply to the precedent brought forward by M. Allou of a marriage of the Duke de Berry with a Miss Brown, he said he had received documents from London completely proving this story to be untrue. It had been hoped to embarrass him by lugging this tale into the case. But he was not the man to contradict himself out of complaisance, and he would say that if the Count do Chambord had been capable of writing the sad letters which he had read under the signature of Prince Napoleon Bonaparte, he would not have asked hint to deny the relationship. (Loud applause at the bottom of the court.) The President—Maitre Berryer, will you stop( Let all those people at the bottom of the court be turned out. This order was executed. M. Berryer concluded by insisting that the decision of the family council left the question in the cause untouched, and that Mrs. Paterson was no party to it. It bad been observed that although there had been a change of jurisdiction there had been no injustice. But he would remind the court that there was no such thing as justice without a regular jurisdiction, and that he would rather appeal to them, the judges, than to public opinion, however favourable that might be to his cause. The President, before M. Allen rose to reply, said he had re-opened the doors of the court, and he hoped the public would listen in silence. He begged the officers to take notice of anyone who might make any manifestation. M. Allow was left speaking. It is not thought that judgment can be given this evening. The settlement at the Bourse went off rather calmly, considering the fluctuations of the last fortnight. There was an indisposition to do fresh business, the Emperor's speech being waited for. The Rents fell 15e. for cash, and 10e. for account, closing at 67fr. 85c. and 67fr. 90c. Mobilier fell 12fr. 50c. In railways there was little change. To-morrow (Sunday) the Abbe Laeordairti is to be presented to the Empires albs Tuileries, by MM. Guirot, Villemsiu, and Lapsed*. Captain De Rohae, bearer of deapatchea for the Foreign-odlee, and Colonel Dowling, arrived in town yester day, from Caprem. The number of Norwegian emigrants (says a letter from Christiana) who took up their residence in Canada last year was 1,75 L As the Norwegians lire for the most part skilful fishermen, lied as ash is abundant on the Canadian coasts, their arrival in the colony was hailed with pleasure. LAW INTELLIGENCE. (THlki DAY.) COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Bet ore Mr. Commissioner Holroyd.) IN RE LAURANCE, NOWITKORE, AND SCIAADER.-THI GREAT PAILURE IR TEI LEATHER TRADE. The bankrupts were the well-known leather-factor and merchants of St. Mary-axe, Leadenhall•market, and Liver pool. Thin is the eleventh day which the court has devoted to the investigation of this extraordinary case. At the two last sittings, it will be remembered, Mr. Kanlake, Mr. W. Williams, and Mr. Linklater were heard in opposition to the bankrupts' certificates. Mr. Lawrence now addressed the court on behalf of his client, Thos. Laurence, the senior partner in the firm. After referring to the difficulty under which he was placed by the unexampled length of the proceedings, and the unusual and exceptional course which had been pnnuel, he expressed his full reliance on the impartiality and sagacity of the court. The main charge against the bankrupts was that of reckless trading ; and this charge involved all the rest, and would decide the question whether these gentlemen were to have their certificates. Nothing was more difficult than to define reckless trading ; but its ordinary indications were beginning without capital, ending without assets, keeping books imperfectly, and selling at a loss. Here there were none of these characteristics. The books had been admirably kept, not only for three years and a half over which the accounts extended, but for half a cen. tury. They had been rigorously examined, and every item was found to be faithfully recorded. In fact, the books formed the indictment against his clients. Had they been pursuing a course of falsehood and deception for years. they would never have kept their books with sash marvellous precision and accuracy. There was no better evidence of honesty of intention on the part of a trader. Had the firm traded in insolvency? In 1843 they had a large capital, which had regularly increased for years, though there were occasional exception' for investments being made elsewhere. At the beginning of 1857 the firm had a surplus of 87,0001. This capital had not vanished, as Mr. Linklater stated, by the end of the year ; for only about 700/. was then written off for bad debts. During the three and a half years the net profits of the London house had amounted to 65,000 L, independent of the transactions with the failed house, and those of the Liverpool house were above 40,0001. for the same period ; in all upwards of 105,0001. Was that an indication of reckless trading? On the contrary, it was conclusive as to the bond fides of the trading, and of the bankrupts in continuing that trade. There had also been large profits before the period embraced by the lballusta-sheet. In the ten preceding years the net profits of the London house had been upwards of 260,000/. ; and during that period there was not a single loss, except in 1868, a low of 2,6621. on raw goods. The profit. of the Liverpool house for four years prior to the core. roencement of the accounts had been 67,000/. If the" were reckless trading, when had it begun? When did these gentlemen cease to be bona fide and henna traders! No part of this trading showed otherwise than a large profit, and profit made most legitimately. The bud. now of Streatfeild and Co. was that of leather. factors, and they had confined themselves to buy. ing for tanners, delivering the goods, and charging their commission. They bad other sources of profit ; they bed advanced money to others to make purchases, and had charged commission on those loans. There was nothing unusual in this ; other houses did the same. But it was made a charge against them that they had written off large sums yearly for the bad debt or reserve fund. Was that any evidence of dishonesty? On the contrary ; it was done by every joint stock bank and other large establish. meat in the City. Though making large actual profits, they had refused to draw out • single shilling, but, feeling that they lived in troublesome times, they had allowed the pro fits to remain as a fund against possible loan. This was not done on the eve of insolvency, hut had been the practice for a number of years; and at the end of 1859, no less than 133,564/. had been carried to the credit of the bad debt fund, of which 66,475/. had been actually written off for bad debts. Be side, that, they had another fund, the reserved fund, of 60,0001. What better evidence could there be of honesty of intention ? This was precisely the course pursued by the joint stock hank; for the greater security of their shareholders. But it was said that the bankrupts had trusted, not wisely, but too well. The number of the failed houses, 11, bore a very small proportion to the whole of their customers, upwards of 1,800. The debts of the failed houses were 700,000/. a small stun in proportion to the whole of the trading.rue of the failed houses was that of Mr. Thos. Hurd Mortimer., brother of one of the bankrupt., whose case had been before the Lords Justices on Thursday last. The list of his credi. tors, 183 in number, comprised the most eminent names in the city, beginning with the Bank of England—their debts amounting to 90,0001. ; and every one of those ere. ditora, with a single exception, were in favour of accepting Mr. T. FL Mortimore's proposal to pay 10s. in the pound. The only dissentients were Messrs. Leyland and Bal. lies, the Liverpool pharisees, who were so much holier than other men. Owing to their imputation, Mr. Commiseiouer Fonblanque had turned the matter into bankruptcy ; but the Lord Chancellor and the Lords Justices had reversed the decision, the Lord Chancellor expressing the opinion that accommodation bills were well known and recognised in commerce, and were not necessarily fraudir lent, and Lord Justice Knight Bruce observing that fraud was altogether out of the question. This case bad an im. portant bearing on the one before the court. Mr. T. H. Mortimore represented one-tenth of the indebtedness of this firm. Were they to have stopped him ? The Lord Chancellor and Lords Judiees held that they would not have been justified in doing so. There was in reality uo accommoda tion between the two firms. Could the bai.krupts be charged with reckless trading, because they had trusted T. H. Mortimore, and had not stopped Lim in 1857? The Court of Appeal had decided the contrary. They held that • trader was not bound to stop, so long as there was • reasonable hope of surmounting his difficulties. Was not the same true of Streatfeild and Company? As heel been eloquently said by Sir Hugh Cairns, there were men in the City of London now worth millions who must have stopped years ago if this principle had been vigorously applied. Take the case of Mr. Gibson, who had got au immediate second-class certificate. Could it be said that be was a needy, reckless, unprincipled, pauperised trader, who had been set up by Streatfeild ad Co. as a draw. iug-post ! He was a debtor to this firm of 109,400/. Up to the end of 1857, he had a capital of 30,0001., besides a stock of leather worth $ 150,00/. Were Streatfeild and Co. to be blamed for trusting such a man? It was said that the bankrupts had made cash advances in 31 years to the amount of five millions ; but this must be divided by 10, to get at the real amount of advance, for the bill. had been renewed ten or eleven times in the course of that period. Knowing the elasticity of trade, would it be Paid that the bankrupts were not jeetified in this course in the hope that the markets would improve? As the LonlChans caller bad observed, in the case referred to, suppose another Russian war to occur, who could say that hides and leather would not go up to a price hither than aver? if the bank. rupts were justified in trusting Mr. Gibson, who owed them 109,0001., soother tithe of the charges brought against them was removed. Anotherof the failed houses was that of Draper, of Kenilworth, who owed the film 53,003/. Draper failed in May last, owing 170,0001., and having assets of 133,0001. The large creditors, repnssental by Mr. Murray, one of the most honourable men in the profession, thought it inexpe dient to break Messrs. Draper up, and arranged to pay the small creditors in full, themselves tilde; a composition of 15e. in the pound. No one could say that that was unreason able or unmerosotile ; it we. done every day ; and Messrs. Draper were carrying on their business to this hour. But they were amongst the " failed houses," whose aggregate debts were 700,000/. Could it be said that steeled...lid and Co. had trusted them recklessly or improvidently, when their benkersdMmers. Grasses', Messrs. Page and Welch, and other large creditors had done the same ? The debts of J. H. Smith and Co., and Smith, Patient, and Smith were undoubtedly large ; but they were capable of explanation. Messrs. Smith were the brothers• in-law of Mr. Laurence ; their father was a wealthy man, always ready to make advances for his sous, and no doubt these circumstances had blinded the eyes of Mr. Laurence, or he would have stopped them long before. But this did not constitute Lim a reckless trader. In 1856 J. 11. Smith had sworn that he was solvent with • surplus of 16,000'. ; his father, Mr. Yore Herbert Smith, was at an advanced age, and was expected to leave his Nona large legacies. Could Mr. Laurence be blamed for trust ing such a men ? The same reasoning applied to the Louse of Smith, Patient, and Smith. Streatfeild and Co. might have acted unwisely in trusting these houses to such