The Express. — London, England, 1850-11-02 00:00:00

i p or Eke earpregni. amour° MAILS. The mails be Madeira, the Brasil., sad Berms Ayr" will be mate se en the errning of made wi Nomad v. 4. Ile mar for Lisboa, Opera. Gibraltar will be les es Nor. 7. TM Mails via Mantillas, tom Mediterrasess, Bigot, Gybe, India. Hong - Kosg,will be made up as ere ~is of NOT. 7. The mull for British North America, Bermuda, sad the United States will Le Rade up, per Niagara," on the amain, of Nor. S. The smile for the Wee India, It enessela, New Orsaada, Greptows, sad Jeanie, will be made up en the merniag of Nor. 17. The mail, for Harasser, Roadster, Nemou. sad Jeanie, Mai, and Pere, will be made up es Nov. 17. The mails forGibrelter, Meta, Grease, the lads& Islands, Egypt, Copies, India, sad Chins, oil limithamptes, will Mme rle se on the evader of Nov. 20. The mails fee Menkei will be made up ea the nerslag of Dec. & Wan WATIZ AT CONDOR PLIDOL Taw Da. -Memos. II • Allamaa.ll l 6 lam maaew—lawalla. 1. 11. alweaara. 41.1 A LONDON. SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 2. steam navigation cannot sapport lamiL On this ausumptios a ease oonsiderably exesellog half a mil lion starlit( is annually voted to loop up a tow joist stock companies, who undertake to tarry the maiW by steam to the But and West. This system was in trolond on the plea that each enooszagement and support was necessary in the infancy_ of steam nevi 'snot. Bat like all interests Melted by protection and exclusive privileges at the outset, them oompanise seem disposal to assume that the linger they go on the more seppurt they will require. There is one stubborn fact which goes far to inspire suspicion of the soundness of this protection and en couragement theory. It mast sot be forgotten that private enterprise firat "bridged the Atlaatic." The " Great Western" was built not ody without govern ment assistance, bat against aoTeroment influence, at Neat as far as the estontatioimly volunteered opinioes of °Metals could affect that great experi ment. The of this revolution in the com munication wean the Old World and the New calculated epos being repaid for their outlay by the disposition of paassegers and chippers of fine goods to avail themselves of the advantages held out by the new mode of transit, motile legitimate pay ments for the carriage of me correspondence. At the very first trial they shortened the passage from forty to fourteen days ' • and, as far es the public were concerned, they bad their reward. The Elite of the pamengers, and the owners of the finer descrip tions of goods, willingly paid their extra shame for the increased speed and certainty as to the duration of their voyages. Government, on the contrary, so far from aiding, threatened them with a prosecution if they attempted to make any charge for the c arria g e of letters, and thus cut off one source of revenue on which they had calculated, on this side of the Atlantic. Nevertheless, the Gloat Western, until opposed by the vessels of a government contractor, paid her way and left a very handsome profit. This was the com mencement of ocean steam navigation ; the natural growth of private capital, enerky, and enterprise; government not only looking coldly on, but shabbily and dishonestly bagging the pottage revenue created by the sew needs of conveyance. We ask any person conversant with what British capital and enterprise will do when not interfered with, whether a self-sustaining enterprise, supported by that portion of the public which benefi ted from it, was likely to have been given up? Government, however, could not rest contented with seeing ocean steam communication thus develop and erend itself in the natural way. Government, it must be kept in mind, did not venture to pretend that its sole, or even its principal, object in interfering was to promote ocean steam navigation en an element of our commercial en terprise. It spoke, indeed, of increasing communica tion and facilitating trade, but its predominating vi sions were about preventing other nations from get ting large steamers on the ocean, and about the crea tion of a steam marine available in cue of war. The interference of government with our infant ocean steam navigation was only one of many practical applications of the antiquated principles of protec tionist and military ascendancy policy, by which we are still hampered and burdened. The first step taken by government under the in fluence of these protectionist and large war expen diture views, was to grant—without competition, and after issuing a delusive advertisement for tenders, the conditions of which it was obvious could not be com plied with—a contract for the carriage of the mails for seven years to Mr. CUNARD. That gentleman, or rather the parties to whom he sold his contract, by its assistance soon ran the Great Western and all other private strainers off the Atlantic. As soon as that' was done, government was in the power of the CUNARD company, and they were not long in turning this power to account. By a threat of throwing up their contract, they compelled government to increase it from 80,0001. to 90,0001. per annum; and in 1848, to avert the threatened American competition, and secure their monopoly, they obtained a further grant of 60,0001. per annum, for running a packet once a week. Tin documents which we published yesterday, and a few days since, containieg the recent proposals of the Prussian governmeat to Denmark on one side, and to the Stadtholderate of the Duchies on the other, are sufficient proofs of the anxious desire of the cabinet of Berlin to put an end to the war in the Danish Peninsula. There is, in truth, no object in such a war. No one wishes to destroy or dis member the Danish monareby,Oermany having enough to do to keep itself in some degree of tolerable relations and moderate freedom. Neither should the Danish mo march seek to ride rough-shod over t heD achiesor endea your to establish such a despotic rigour as the French sanctioned in their Napoleonian days of conquest. For such a subjugation of the German mot to the Danish in the Peninsula will merely sow the seeds of inevit able outburst sad separation at a later day. What is wanting is justice, not such justice as may suit a Russian ukase or French intermeddler , bat justice, such se the Scandinavian and German races, now in antagonism and hostility, and moat unnecessarily so, may agree upon. It is unfortunate for the settlement of this quarrel, as well as sufficiently untoward in itself, that Ger many should be divided. The struggle between con flicting principles and powers throughout that vast country is something of tar greater difficulty and im portatoe than the tate of a few thousand Schles wipers. The future fortune, freedom, and development of Germany, me dependent on the issue of the present struggle,in which protestant and constitutional Prussia, supported by all the minor princes, by the popular opinion in Germany, and by all the constitutional assemblies of the country, is pitted against the four kings who were created by NAPOLEoN for the express purpose of weakening and dismembering Germany, against Austria and its absolutism, sgrinst Russia and its scheme to treat Germany as in the last century it treated Poland. We have before explained how the Danish ques tion has been made use of by Russia to thrust North Germany, struggling to be constitutional and free, back into the iron cage of the old federation—a system of government, or of suzerainty, which ren ders a real representative system, any freedom of thought or of the press, any national feeling or unity, utterly impossible. Russia, of course, aims at crumbing German freedom and development, and owns it. Mistrusting her own power to effect snob a purpose, Russia has leagued with Austria and with France for this purpose, and has even drawn England pertly into it by means of the London protocol. The intrigue having been comoocted and perfected, ea intrigue which, after all, is but a continuation of the plot of last year to oust Lord PALMER STON, France was put forward as a cat's-paw KO messes Prussia with invasion, in concert with Russia. And it was announced to the Cabinet of St. James's, in order to intimidate it into joining in the scheme. The words of the French minister were that they would use more active mea sures, in OM the Frankfort Diet did not prove strong enough to pacify the Duchies. The Prussian Prime Minister has now proceeded to Warsaw, and he bas been told by the Ener.aoa that Prussia must acknowledge the Frankfurt Diet as the only muds of pacifying Germany, of surrendering Hesse to its despotic Prince under the absolutist law and dictation of the Diet, and of at the same time re storing Denmark to its integrity and its tights over the Duchies. The lansuage made use of by this unholy alliance, of Russia. Austria, and France, is simply that of •io lance and intimidation. They make no allowance, admit of no diecussion, respect neither freedom nor rights. They merely say, brutally, "Do this, or I will invade you; submit, or we will crush you." To time mandates of brutal, absolutist, sheer inti midation, Prussia hes answered, we must say, as FREDERICK the GREAT would have done. Prussia has said, we will not re-enter the confederation for all your menaces. Let the cue of Hesse be judged by its right and consitution. Let Denmark and the; Duchies come to a cessation of arms; and let a commission, appointed and agreed on by all the German powers, but nut nominated by Austria alone, or a mock diet, undertake to see the rights of Germany respected. But Prussia absolutely and positively relives to obey or acknowledge, or re enter the Frankfort Diet, a conciliabule that was the mere tool of such a man as Mrrreatilett, and which was, as it would spin be, the subjugation of the intellectual and advanced and free section of Germany to the brutal, the bigot, and the absolutist portion. If Russia insists, it will merely Tamale for Prussia to appeal to the support of the German people against the triple invasion with which the unholy alliance of despotism threatens her. It would be better and more honourable for her to perish, and leave the German cause to avenge itself by a future revolution, than to trust in the old abso lutist laws of 1815, and tread over spin the retro grade course of seeking permanently to enslave a mighty, a growing, and a thinking people. It is now incumbent upon Engl.shmec to turn their minds to the position of this quarrel. They see Russia and France united in menacing Prussia, me nacing her with actual invasion, not merely on amount of the Danish quarrel, but to force a re-establishment of Nlerreuricn's old Princely Star Chamber at Frankfort. We are confident that England I will sanction none of her ministers in either joining or toleritiog such an unholy alliance. England has much in herwer by at this mo ment seriously pressing end ob liging Denmark to con sent to just conditions and °occasions: such conditions and concessions as Lord PALMERSTON himself, not many months since, thought just, as foreign minister, to place the SchltiwitHoletein question is • fair way of settlement. Prussia hes done her etas* let England do as much; and the profligate pewees Russia and Franco, which are merely seeking their own selfish advantages, dent not interfere to enforce their brutal principle of absolutism and coercion. The Danish question settled, Russia will want the pretext to interfere in the internal concerns of Germany, which she can never mend, nor desires to mend, but which she only meddles to to mar. And the German powers, left to their owes internal struggles and die carioca, will end by working out some system more suited to the wants, the nature, and the development of their several populations, than Marreatricu's iron cage of a courtly and abesiatist diet. This system of protection and encouragement has been carried out, exactly in the spirit in which it was begun. The practice of renewing expiring con tracts without publicity, as in the case of the Cunard company's contracts, just alluded to, renewed in 1848 for ten years—in the more recent one of the Royal Mail Company's renewed for the same term—and in the attempt of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER to continue and extend the monopoly of the Peninsular and Oriental Company in the eastern seas, has effectually put down competition and created a few great monopolies. The system, as administered, practically hands over, in perpetuity, the great lines of ocean steam navigation to the fortunate individuals who had tee interest to obtain the first contracts. This is so well understood, that, since the contract system has been introduced, no Paddle-Wheel Steam Vessel for ocean steam navigation has been laid down by private individuals. For twelve long years the ocean as far as steam is concerned, has been in the hands of our great contracting companies. Three com panies receive among them upwards of 600,0001. of public money per annum under this aye. tem. Now, mark its fruits:—On the only line on which foreign competition has commenced (the New York line), the race on the first trial of the Ame ricans is allowed to be a neck and neck one. On the West India line our despatches are regularly fore stalled by intelligence received through the United States. On the Mediterranean and Rut Indian line the rate of speed is barely eight miles an hoar; in 1832 (eighteen years ago) the average speed of the Admiralty packets was seven and • half. Yet in the face of these facts the CH iNCELLOR of the EXCHE QUER has just tied down the nation to pay 270,0001. per annum to the Royal Mail Company, for ten years to come, for carrying the Wert India and Brasil mails, the latter of which was handed over to them without competition. The professed objects of government, is we have already noticed, in commencing this contract system were :—to create a steam marine available in case of war ; to prevent other countries from getting large steamers on the ocean ; and to increase commtinkation and facilitate intercourse. The navy estimates com mittee of 1848 proved that the first of these objects has not been accomplished. The American lines of steamers show that with regard to the second the contract policy has been equally unsuccessful. And it is the opinion of many intimately conversant with and deeply interested in the question, that had it not been for the contract system the ocean steam commu nication between New York and Liverpool would by this time have been much more fre quest, and would have afforded much more accommodation to the public. The Contract System—practically a bounty and protection system—has retarded the progrem of our ocean steam navigation. In all parts of the world where there is competition, British engineers and ship-builders are called in to construct steam ships ; the materials for steam machinery are much cheaper, capital is more plentiful, mechanical skill is at least equal in London to what it is in New York; and yet our American rivals are equalling our steam marine at the first outset. We have oar own opinion as to the way in which these evils are to be remedied—the false steps we have taken untrod. At present, however, oar sole purpose is to point out the consequences of abandoning with regard to ocean steam communication, the great oardiael principles of free trade, and of making in • purely mercantile question, mercantile considers. Lions subordinate to dreams of military ascendancy. The matter must be probed to the bottom. Free traders an called upon to vindicate their principles and insist upon . their application in the field of ocean steam enterprise an is all others. Economical re ' formers are called upon to check the extravagant ex penditure of more than half • million per annum for the pupae, not of promoting, but repressing private enterprise. Politicians are called upon to oppose the outititanos of a system which,: by crippling oar steam navigation, gives foreigner, an advantage Over as. Tan incidents that suggest the ispedisaey of a searching inquiry into the dreaming's= =our ocean steam navigation thicken and thing upon as. The Americans have established regular steam packets from New York to Liverpool, to Havre, and to Bre men rirl Southampton. The French, Austrians, and even the Turks, have bad for some time regular steam packets in the Mediterranean used Black Sea. The Dutch are preparing to eater the field ; the keel of the Bret steamer destined to be employed in carry ing the mails from Holland to the Netherlandsinn mums in the Eastern Archipelago hsa been IPA and a company formed to carry on direct oeusessies. tion by steam between Rotterdam and Now Tusk. The result of the first direct competition between American and British steam pickets is a saishat warning to u to throw away all ucaseesmey iirdight we carry, in the great race of national caapsildsa se which we are about to eater. SUICIDE or • MEDICAL ASSIITAMT.—A Teri 11111- Mahal, ease cif midis arearrad is Guildford ea Wedaeaday wreak& TM dammed, lir. William Cater, a Alarm h L asuMaril swig el Marra. flteedma MON hem - AK *NM jury at his bedews at • letaTha milli a l nredatiii. a jury was eatmaelled by Mr. J. Meal. emmier dm Ile immegh, ea the iams, ram the mama, It ems oat that Or had hem Wats millmallid blo dle MEM, "On he • daht. lad Med Mr theamileme W somiteed Ida deshie amapasee. wahrtmale maa had atioaded the padiamsat et m eratarle at the pulls Mil as the amithai at Midis* md bade Ida Mash " irsod We" es raMming Mae. The jury liaviai antabed feasii the hawk; " That the dammed died Mai the elate ad prdela. but whether tams madielaally or silk ea Masan le tam NM Weide *WI WU MO 11411011111 Is Maw." "IdTelitatutg 7.- on these things, one of the first consi derations that presents itself to the free-trader is the tranquil completsezizith which it appears to have g Deep, tkkaa foe in this ooaatry that soma THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1850. FRANCE. GERMANY. BERLIN. Oar. 93. The Russian mots was read to the king in person by Baron Budberg, the Hessian ambassador, and without the presence of a single minister. It pro mises unlimited support to the Austrian proposals respecting Germany, Hesse Canal, and Schleswig Holsteio, and entreats the King Mk% undertake the responsibility of a European war. Manteuffel is reported to have again resigned. Orders are said to have been ignited for the mobili sation of seven corps d'ar.nis (shoat 140,000 men). Simeon declines the post of under secretary of state for foreign affair.. Count Brandenburg returns to Berlin to-night or to-morrow morning. The Frankfort papers have not arrived, owing, it is supposed, to the occupation of the military roads through Camel. The division ander General Bonin has joined that of Prince Radziwill at 'Wachs. The Staatbaltersohaft of Holstein will iwoept the proposition for a suspension of hostilities in Schles wig only on conditions that, it is hared, will render it impracticable. PAM, FUMY IMO'S. There was ace festers la the expluatiens offered yesterday by M. Boothe, in Possess d the Perma nent Committee, whisk deserver partieelar atten- L 6 4:l7 l ,lZ ii pt L id o ge val a d theirs' Ne the prwwt umayer oet. shield remit ea Wiled net of the kind, and that it was net the iehmtima of the government to follow up that sesame by the replacessest of any of the other gesershi. Wismar has observed attentively the crisis of the bet few days will grasp at ones the meaning le he Mashed to snob an announcement, and surmise the eventualities that lie behind it. It is strongly seepseled that the Minister of the Interior, in giving snel ea exceeded the instructions I he received hem M Blyeie, and spies moody in his own Name end that of use of hie edisagnes. Not onl is the plat for taking dews the power of pine by piece, completely snored by mak a emmesseise, hat the bold Gel es tar seesaw ' aseeeden ef the government's Wormiest esti= isemthelymiseelled by a sudden show of timidity and wsrbnsa I am unable to say how Baroche's sew I lmeseniee be the Committee and their military skid' Ms Wee seeded at head-quarters, bat he has SSP tainly eseeprosaised the dignity of the President with out any apparent necessity. He executed his ha before the Committee with a clumsiness which looks suspicious in a minister of his known dexterity. He virtually admitted that Gen. Hammer had been a. moved from his command because he declined to be instrumental in exhorting the troops to cry " The rEmperear !" for no one can dispute the right which MM. Molt and Odilon Barrot claimed to interpret Baroche's refusal to deny that fact, as a complete acknowledgment of its truth. Next he gave • dis tinct pledge that the undoubted prerogative of the executive should not be exercised in repetitions of such removals from important commands in the army of Paris. Two members of the Permanent Coin mines, eminent writers in the daily mess, M. Chain bolls and M. Alfred Nettement, set the nature of M. Bsroche's explanations, as given above, beyond dim. putt, by their articles in the Ordre and the Opinion Fatigued thimmornieg, signed with their names his hardly possible to commies a coarse calculated to put the government in • falser position than thus to con fess the worst of all motives for getting rid of an officer, namely, because he does his duty, and to consent to paralyse the most important functions of the executive out of pure fear. The irresolution dis played by the ministers on the day previoss to the appearance of the deco of Nenmayer's removal in the Moniteer is of a pleas with this phtiturle of Baroche. In the first cabinet council held on that day they revoked their resolution of the night before to dismiss Neumayer; in the second they confirmed his removal ; and in the third, frightened by Changarnier, they offered to resign if the replaced officer did not obtain promotion to a higher post. It is clear that Louis Napoleon was perfectly aware of the weakness and want of dignity of such a compromise, but he was not prepared to get rid of his ministers. The papers affirm confidently that Neumayer hu written to the Minirer of War to refuse the new superior polities created for him by the military command of Brittassy. Upon this point I have received no certain intelli gence, bat it is positive that in answer to the an nouncement of his removal, accompanied by a ages promise that his advancement should not be lest eight of, he wrote to decline beforehand any 00111 M. mum), however brilliant, for his disgrace. It is by no means improbable that be has declined in a emend letter the command in Brittany ; and perhaps eves the recompense contended for by the ministers in obe dience to the dictation of Changarnier, was a trap ima gined by the latter to inflict upon the President the mortification of seeing his splendid offer refused, while it wore the aspect of a personal satis faction to the commander-in-chief of the army of Paris. On the whole, it is easy to see that these are not the ministers suited to the mood of Louis Napo leon. Baroche is a good parliamentary speaker, the only one indeed in the cabinet, but he truckles to the leaders of the Assembly far too much to aid Louis Napoleon in his great task of throwing off the lead ing strings of the parliament, and winning an inde pendent ground from which he may defy the over grown power of General Changarnier. It is jest a year since the present ministry was formed. and they celebrated yesterday at the table of M. Fould, the Minister of Finance, the first anniversary of their advancement to power. They now seem on the brink of leaving it, for the men who would share the for tunes of Louis Napoleon must be prepared to "go the whole hog." His is evidently a neck or-nothing game, and vacillating men, who shrink appalled from desperate ventures, must soon part company with him. What hope there is of cut ting a Richelieu or Mazarin out of M. Fialin de Per signy remains to be seen. Meanwhile the funds fall, commerce languishes, people who have furnished houses look with regret upon their purchases, and wish to get away from Paris. Everything indicates the near approach of a crisis,if not decisive for France, decisive at least for Louis Napoleon. Either he or General Changarnier must remain undisputed master of the field. It is stated on unexceptionable authority that the President would have carried his changes in the commands of the army of Paris further, bed he net encountered • determined opposition on the part of his ministers, who not daring to face the Assembly under each responsibility, tendered their resignation unless the measures in contemplation were with drawn. One of these projects was the removal of General Forest, commander of the brigade charged with the defence of the Assembly, whom it wee intended to replace by M. Alphonse, colonel of the 62nd regiment, which cried " Viva "'Emmons!" at the first review of fiatcry. If no unforeseen thane occur before the 11th instant, the session may be m ooted to open with a pacific and constitational message. The Monileur contains a report from the Minister of Finance to the President of the Republic, on the necessity of fixing with as much regularity and equality as possible the amounts of caution-money to be lodged by persons holding government lit aatiaae of trust and confidence. The report proposes a scale for that purpose, which • decree signed by the Prosi est approves of. —The Matiteur also contains de crees from the President of the Republic granting to the Minister of Finance a credit of 60,000 fr. to meet expenses incurred for carrying out the provisions of the Stamp Doty Bill, and another of 7,456,000 fr. he various espouse connected with the customs' de. partment. M. de Hairnet, first secretary of the French legal:toi l 'in Sardinia, who arrived in Paris three days sines, with despatches for the Minister of Foreign Affairs, has again left for Tole. Gomel d'Hautponl arrived at Toulouse on the 28th alt., on his way to assume his new poet as governor general of Algeria. Y. Domnsado, chief editor of the Cheerier d'Ationee, hes been named secretary to the Greek legation at Paris. The errors in consequence of the Lyons plot eon dans. It is certain that a councillor-general of the Rheas, a municipal councillor, and the proprietor of • printing establishment have been arrested. M. Thourel, an advocate, was arrested on the 27th not., at Marseilles. At Dios (BaesuAlpes) MM. Langeosnasino, redaeteur of the / and Julien Sanyo, former stab-comissary of the provikonal government is the arrondissement of Forcalquier, have bean pat in prison. At Montpellier perquisidoes and arrests have also been made. The metallic reserve of the Bank of From hoe augmented in Paris 2k 'Mims, bat ham diminished in the provisos nearly 3 millions. The discount es ocienw&tion has increased in Paris 10f railliese, earl in the provisos upwards of 3 millions, the monist of the former being 60,431,961 fr., and of the bar 84,732,848 fr. The protested bills still decline, the present amount, both for Pans and the breach-Make, being only 631,053 fr. On the side of the liabilities, the notes in circulation have increased in Paris about 13 millions, and in the departments 3k minima The account-torrent of the treasury has destined slant I of a million; the present anionedbeing 50,101,7856. Private meant. current in Pane have deelin millions, and in the country of a million; the assessed of the former being 68,891,6786, sad of the triter 24,878,7246. The whole amount of the =mane re serveeintsigifiresent 444 Wilkes, to 623 mi ll ions dash in am. A telegraphic dispatch in the Cologne Gazette, dated Berlin, Oct. 31, says: "The rumours just now in circulation are rather lees warlike than heretofore. The Russian note is mid to be opposed to the policy of the ministry of foreign affairs. There is talk of the withdrawal of a portion of the ministry. The French envoy, ht. de Persigny, is said to hive given the most friendly assurances. The commercial treaty with Belgium, it is said, has been provisionally declined." While the continent is teeming with rumours of war, and the relations between Austria and Prussia aro of such a nature that a single step in advance by either must precipitate them into open hostilities, it will be interesting to glance at the extent and com position of the Prussian army. In its present orga nisation the army is divided into nine corps, each possessing two divisions. The standing army, with the reserves in case of war, number 200,000. I. Forty. ims Regiments of Infantry. 36 Rees. of the line (4 of the Guards), es 3 Men. battalion., saloB battalions 9 R.gts. of memo (1 of the Gaarde), st 2 134,000 battalions, 18 battalions 8 combined reserve batallions = 8 battalions 10 beim:thee of R flee (2 Games) 6,000 11. Cavalry in 38 Regiments 10 regta. Calramien (2 °turd' 5 „ Dragoons (1 „ so 4 suad. 1 30,000 13 „ Rasmus (l „ =ls 2 q „ 10 „ Lames 12 „ 111. Artillery in 9 Regiments. 9 iftelli• (1 Chards). a 3 Horse and 12 Foot batteries, es 135 batteries 1 divisim o f reserve Fortress Artillery, s= 5 140 = 20,000 batteries 9 companies of Artillery Meehan ice IV. Engineers in 9 Divisions. 9 divisions of Pioneers (1 Guards), m 2 companies 5,000 2 companies reserve Planners, = 20 comps. V. Mounted Chewers, Non.Commissloned Officen, Company of Guards, Invalids, and 5.000 Gendarmes Total of the standing army The army is at present on the footing just detailed, the war reserves having been called in some weeks ago, but can be raised to 3430,000 men within a fort night by calling out the Landwehr, which is divided into two kinds. The Landwehr cf the first summon' as it is called numbers 180,000 men. I. Infantry in 36 Regiments 36 resimenb(4 of guards) , m 7 bat. talions 108 do. 8 battalions reserve Landwehr 8 do Reserve rifles It. Cavalry In 36 Regiments. 36 regiments of Lamers (4 of gated, 14 3 squadrons 108 do 8 tquadrons (reserves) 8 do . Artillery in 9 Regiments. 9 regiments (1 of (lauds) in 116 companies or 15,000 men. batteries IV. Engineers in 9 divisions. 9 divisions Engineers (1 of Guards) in 18 som -6.000 men. panic lanawstir I.—Total The Landwehr of the second summons is in sum bee the saute as the first, and divided in a similar manner. Together, the standing srmy, the Landwehr of the first and mooed summons, amounts to 520,000 men, 50,000 being cavalry, and with 2,048 pieces of artillery in batteries of 8 guns. The population of Prussia is 16,000,000; the per Tentage, therefire, would be 31 per cent. Its case of war the army is to be inmased to 480,000 men, without calling out the Landwebr of the second summons. It would be com posed as follows : 360 bates. of infantry of the line .. 300 000 men. 18 battalions of &Beaten ...... = 10,000 men. 370 squadrons of cavalry ..... . 60,000 men. 298 batteries of artillery ••• • • = 40,000 (2,304 pia ) , IS oompsnies of mechanist .. 3 26 companies of pioneers, &C... == 10,000 men. Today beg the feast of All Salads there was no Boum Pjo 6a4neee was done at the Pomp, and so qaotation bae been recorded. Last night the Fives Kee to 8215, bat declined again to dose at 92.10. Total 430,000 moo. Dimwit, OCT. 31.—Voluntar7 Loan, 1061 ; New Loan, Poar-and-a-Half per Cents., 1001; ; National Debt, 86; commercial Ahem Society's Premium, 119.; Beak Shards, 97i. VIININA. Oct. 30.—Five per Cent. Metalliques, 934; Four acd-a-11 alf C.nts . ditto, 811. Beck Shares, 1,143. Exchasp on London, 11.64. ITALY. ROMAN STATES. Oar oorreepoodent states, in hie letter of the 24th alt., that, by virtue of an old privilege, pleaded when t►e Pope pardons a criminal on the point of being put to death, the rAigious fraternity of St. John the Headless had claimed the entire liberation of the three prisoners whose narrow escape had excited so much sensation in Rome. This claim was not admitted. The government had manifested a design to deprive the monastic bodies of the right of electing their own superiors, which had stirred great discontent, espe cially among the Benedictines. The American wea -1 bybrian chapel was opened through the influence of Mr. Cu., the chargé d'affaires of the United States. Several English families of distinction had arrived. The Marquis Canapes& was married to Min Rowles. Vbe Court. WINDSOR, Nov. 1. The Queen and Print* Albert, emetithipmed by the Pilau of Wales, the Primus Royal, Prime Alfrtd, the Primulas A.ies, the Primates Helens, the Princess Louisa, and Prime Arthur, and attended by the Countess of Mount Edgers's* the lion. Caroline Dawson, Mies Hildyard, Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey, Lord Alfred Paget, Lies% - Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour, and Mr. Birch, left Os borne, Isle of Wight, at 20 minutes past 10 o'clock yester day morning, crossed in the Fairy royal steam yacht to Gamut, and from thence travelled by the South- Western and Great Western Railways, by route of Buingstoke and Reading, to Windsor. The magnet petty entered:several of the royal °urines at the Windsor station, and proceeded to the Castle, where bee Majesty and the Prices arrived at Au minutes before 2 o'clock, and were received by Lord Byron, the Muter of the Household, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. Robert Boyle, Colonel Buckley, and Colonel Bouverie. TM Queen and Primes Albert waked in the Park in the afternoon. Lord A. Paget left ths Castle this afternoon. Col. Buckley has relieved his lordshin in his duties se Equerry in Waiting to her Majesty. Her Royal Highness the Dueness of Kent, and their Royal Hiehnness the Duke and Duchess Augustus of Saxe Cobourg Gotha are expected to dine with her Majesty this evening. The Oxford University Commission met yesterday, at the ofizial residence of the First Lord of the Primary in Dowoing•strset The Commissioners present were the Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Muter of Pembroke. and the Bev. H. 0 Lidded. The R.v AP. Staaley (Secretary to the Commission) was present. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial oaks from the Governors of Ceylon and Malta, and also from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND.—It is rumoured in oolonial circles that the vacant governorship of Prince 'Ed ward's Island is to be filled op by the appointment of Mr. Daly, formerly secretary to the Canadu. Her Majesty and Prince Albert have consented to patronise a hex ar upon a very extensive scale, to be held in Jane next, in the Gardens of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, in aid of the funds of the Hospital for Consumption. A spies is to be appropriated for the erection of a concert room.— United Service Gazette. The Lord Mayor entertained last evening the Chair man and Directors of the Tirhoot Company (of which his lordship is • di.ectorl, the Principal and Memben of the Society of Barnard's lan, and a select party of private friends. Amongst the company present were, Mr. Alderman Gibbs, Major-General Briggs, Mr. H. M'Kellar, Mr. Gisborne, Mr. S cshill, Mr. J. Ferguson, Mr. W. C. Louie, Mr. Er sheriff Donald Nicoll, Mr. W. Fulling, Mr. R. Pulling, nM Mr. W. Woodme , r. C. Posh, Mr. J. Currie. Mr. W. Rernidr, Mr. J. Leman, Mr. C. Moore, Mr. H. R. Baines, Mr. W. D'inaldson, Mr. F. L. Austen, the Rev. J. Williams, Mr. G. Whiting, Mr. R. Bagleton, Mr. Warden, Mr. Wiz, Mr. Bilise, Mr. W. D. Starling, and the Rev. Charles Mare @balk (the Lord Mayor'schaplsin). (Prom last night's Gazette.) WHITEHALL, Oct. 30.—The Queen has been pleased to direct letters pates% to be pa.sed, under the Great Beal of the United Kingdom of Great Bri!sin and Ireland, granting to her Royal HI/horse the Princess Mary, Duchess of 12Ponceeter, the office or offices of ranger and keeper of the New-perk. near Richmond, in the room of Adolphus Fre derik, Duke of Cambridge, deceased. FOREIGN-OFFICE, Ocr. 24.—The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint the Right Hon. Richard Lalor Shed to ba her !Neely's Minister Plenipotentiary to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. COLONIAL. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. We have received the Cape Town Mail of August 24. The following article on emigrants is all we find worth extracting: A correspondent complains, on behalf of some newly-ar ',teed emigrants, employed in repairing the roads near Cape T men, that the government has 'meetly lowered their lieges mom 29. to ls. ed. per day. This the mender a crying -in justice, and want to know how the " govermeat" expects men with families to Um on ten shillings a week. A low Jays ago, we bad a very different complaint from • respectable former of the Stellenbosch district. lie had come to town wi , h the hope of engaging some of the emi grants as fora labituus. Bs offered them a pound a month, with food and lodging. This is more than agricultural labourers are receiving in most puts of Busload ; and, con sidering that the emigrants ass, se amuse, entirely 'mused to Ike oonatry sad to the paellas soda of salthatioo, aad osasequeatly mast be for as. time somparstively cunt, the wages o ff ered wee. mmainly very fair. Bad the emigrants steeped thaw, they would In two or three years have acquired a good knowledge of seksial agriculture, would have probably saved a few pounds, and very likely would have been able to dad plasm as overseers an farms, sad fleally to parer lams of their own. This le what maigreats an an oose& to some oat for, and not to work on the highway. Year of this, our iaforessat stated, agreed to ammo his offer, and to engage themselves; but they roves suds that apPearame main, sad are very likely now toiling es the roads for 18d. a day. The dispenties that leads many new-comers of all clause to Imai m about the pablis departments, and Ina helplessly govarament for support, Instead et availing them = tithe thcalead openings whisk a colony like this preemie for industry and ability deny hied senate really sometimes to a sort of infataatiom. Think ai r men preferring a epodes at pauper labour, read-rashiag, whisk tamales them beelike sad yields them oaly a alma emboldens", to serving ea apprestimetip to a skilful eartadtariet, with tweedy &Map akar at the sad of every weatlLl Sash telly would be laeredible, if we had it not attested by tae best authority. There is, however, one meletanos which the goverament certainly ought to finish, oat of the emigration fund. There is a great want of Libman in sissy of the interior &exists. Bat an emigrant wive animus here penniless has far more difileulty I. roiehing &Wart and Graaf-Bakst, or even Swell /taunt and Woressur, than he had la making W P from Basked to tie Cape. if the urerassemt wTul ie rframe armagements by which the einignate, either inisedlamly upon aide snivel or at any subsequent time, might be conveyed SO the districts where the demand for labour Is greatest, a real benefit would be "Deferred both upon the labourers themselves and upon their imply:en. Ix BfkOfill 8ar.—H.34.8. Castor, from Manua bhp*. Bailed : Axg, 18, H.M.S. Pam i teloon. cruising Aug. 18, H.M . B. Lily, Host Bong. TABLI S.H. it. Hamer, Biomes Bey. • THE CATALOGUE. We understand, that at the meeting of her Majesty's Commis•iorers on Thursday last, the tenders for printing and preparing the catalogues for the Exhibition, were reported, and the tender jointly sent in by Mesas. Spicer, the paper makers, and Messrs. Clowes, the printers. haring been de Glared to contribute the largest sum to the funds, it was ordered to be accepted. BRADFORD.—A WOVEN New TESTAMENT.—We have been informed that a weaver in Bradford has been for tome time employed in weaving in a piece of cloth the whole of the New Testament. He has already completed the four CI spelt, and has made some advance in the Acts of the Apostle,. eIIEt.TENIIAM.—A SCARF MADE BY HAND FROM HONE-GROWN EMIL —The wife of a clergyman in Chelten ham intends to exhibit a lady's silk scarf made from silk the produce of silkworms kept in an open building in an adjoining county. Tee lady Siva the following intere-tine account of its manufacture: "Having resided for about three years in a village in Herefordshire the garden of which possessed a remarkably fine mulberry tree, I wished to give my family an idea of the habits and natu ral history of the silkworm, and the method by which silk is produced. With this view I procured a quantity of eggs early in the spring of 1847, which were hatched about May, and I placed the worms, 2,000 or rather more In number. in an outhouse in the garden. There they were attended and fed by myself and some of the juvenile members of my family, and in due time they spun; and much wishing to turn the produce of three industry to some use, I directed my attention towards mskiatthe scarf which I have the pleasure to lay before you. The silk was wound from the cocoons by my daughter and myself on a winding machine, and afterwards I wove it Into its present form. It has consequently never been in the hands of any manufacturer, and presents the NUN colour and quality as when taken from the cocoon. I may add, that the outhouse in which the worms lived had no windows to protect them from the weather, which was unusually cold for the season of the year • as I think this point may illus trate the fact that our English climate presents no insupera ble °hatable to the cultivation of silk. The mulberry tree was the common kind." THE CITY PROCESSION ON THE NINTH OF NOVEMBER. The streets of the City will present a curious and interesting iCese oa the approaching Lord Mayor's.dq. Amoopt the changes which are to be introduced upm that occasion in the great civic proeession will be the following appropriate substitutes for the old fashioned exhibition of the men in armour at the head of the cavalcade: Trumpeters on Horseback. Page. Fag.. Peue (having is bar train) Europe, Asia, Africa. and America. Attendants Horse of Europe. Attandanta on Camel of A.m. Honehack. Elephant of Africa. Two Deer of America. oa Horseback. Pare. Hone with attributes of Iniustry. Page. Horse with attributes of Art. Page. Horse with attribute' of Commerce. Trumpeters on Horseback. A Car Draws by six cruet coloured horses, tbres ablaut, Containing Four Sailors, Britannia, ann Happiness. A grand Military Band. OP " LORD MAYOR'S SHOW."- Mr. Ooiwin's letter to the Lord Mayor elect, sketching the history of the show, and sot/gating the desirability of ren dering it more worthy of the time and country than has lately been the cue, wee relined to the Lord Mayor and Sheriff.' Committee for conducting the entertainment, and we may now state that it has been determined in consequence to attempt to melte the present pageant one of more than usual interest. We trust that taste and good judgment will be called in to guide the endeavour. We have received a number of letters from men with knowledge on the subject, all concurring in the suggestion. From one we learn that the cost of the day, including the dinner, ham lately bun 2,4251., so that something utietactory might surely be expected. Of this the City contributed 2001, the Lord Mayor 1,1121., and the Sheriffs a like sum between them. The item of chugs for the men in armour wee 1101. 10s. The oat of the banners, barytes belonging to the companies, trappings for horses, &0., did not come into this um. One city antiquary writes, that the principal knight, sad his unions, should represent the city standartbeerer. "Robert Fitzwalter held Hayseed's Casale, to him and his heirs, on the tenure of being the Sty standard-bearer an 4 leader of the civic torus in time of war." The recent Volkafest at Munich, afforded a proof of what artistica testa can do in similar cases, without large expendi ture ; the inhabitants of Au sent a model of their church, with its stained glass windows ; the joiners a model home ,• a pavilion of Byzantine form, drawn by richly caparisoned horses, contained the but of King Louis ; the porcelain works afforded a collection of fine forms, and the au of the sculptors and artiste was charmingly arranged.— The Bus:der. SWEARING IN OF THE NEW LORD MAYOII.--Thia nerds( haring bean appointed by the Lord Cessation.", for the messing in of the new Lord Mare, Mr. Alderman Margrove, accompaniod by the sheriffs and his friends, assembled at his lordship's private residence, in Eaton square, where the usual formalities having been gem through, Yr. Alderman Musgrove was duly sworn in or Lna Mayor for the year ensuing, and shortly afterwards Wired. EXTENSIVE ROBBERY OF MONEY AND SECIIRMES AT (,panne.—On Thursday evening the Mason' Arens inn, St. James's street, Leeds, was entered daring the hours of banns, sod a lugs quantity of property stoles. Tha bone had a good deal etworapany In, and while the land lord sad his family were espied in attending to their cus tomers some thieves got in through a window at the back of tho home, broke epee the door of the landlord's bedroom Mate lad Wen band, and stole therefrom a cashbox, asisiallef 1104 paripally in gold and silver; recuritim to akie ram Of a umber of watarworks share certificates; a singes Bee Bank for 601. ; a quantity of silver seas. dist mad saltspoons; and • quality of old alas sal CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. THIS DAY. The learned judges tbis morning appointed the following days for holding the 11011104$ of this court for the en•uiag year :—Monday, November 25; Mone.y, December 16. Monday, January 6 ; Monday, February 3; Monts, M iro ', 3; Monday, April 7 ; Mouthy, Mg it ; gonday, Jun e 16 ; Monday, July 7 ; Monday, Aegnot Is ; Monday, Siverolier 15; and Monday, October 27. THE FRIMLEY MURDER. GUILDFORD, FRIDAY. The four prisoners—Levi Harwood, Jam's Jones, Samuel Harwood, and HITSSII Smith—charged with being concerned In the murder of the Rev. G. R Holiest, w ere brought up foe re-examinstion this morning before the bench of 'nag Lanka at tha Howe of Correction in town. Samuel Harwood was first introduced. Re looked per uptibly thinner than when last brought up, sad app•ared more anxious. Jones was next brought in, lookmg mueD worse than he has hitherto appeared. Levi It trweod ex hibited all that restleasnese which has hitherto marked hmi. Smith alone looked better, and appeartd uncoLcerned at his position. Charles Weston said he was in the employ of Mr. John Pannell, grocer, of Quarry-street, (Juddlord. lid koew all the prisoners by sight. The Chairman—Ham you seen any of them in your master's 'bop lately ? Witness (pointing to Jones, who appeared considereg i alarmed)—Yes, I have seen that man. I saw aim about the 26th or 26th of September last, • day or two b. fire tea murder of Mr. Holiest. He came into my master's shop, and asked Mr • penny worth of the best gunpowder. I t a li him we did not sell • pennyworth of the best k;od, arid I made him up a pennyworth of • more comm m hind test is sold at a penny per ounce. The circumstance is particu larly impressed upon my mind from the fact, that toe )44 og man appeared in &joking humour, and when I ease him the powder he asked me it it was good sort of Stull? 1 replied, " Yes, that is the sort of stuff to blow you up." After a few minutes' consultation by the bench, The Chairman (addressing flannel Harwood) Pll -- 1 shall remand you again, Samuel Harwood. The evidence team brines you nearer to the spot then we Lave yet done, and certain inquiries mow pending in London ren..er it octet. tarp that we shoAd remand you for a few days. Samuel Harwood—Very well, air. The Chairman (to the three other prisoors)—With reap* to ?on three, Levi HIIIWJVCI, LIMPS Janes, Hu m Smith, I obeli commit you for the murder sod burglary. The prisoner Simnel Harwood will be brought u? again on Wednesday nest. The other three prisoner& will be toe. ,eyed to liorsemonger-laae gaol this craning. ROBBERY AT THE WEST SURREY BANK. APPREHENSION OF TWO OF THE BURGLARS. A burglary, attended with circumstances of great daring, was perpetrated, on Thursday night, on the pre mises of the West Surrey Bank, nearly oppoeite tee Clock house, and in the centre of the High -street of Eason. The West Surrey Bank, which belongs to trans Mangles, Brothers, and tics its head office at Guildford, has • branch at Epsom. The office consists of two rooms on the ground fl tor of a hence occupied by Mr. Resta Memo, carrying on business as a fillmonger. The house is detached os one side; Mr. Moore's yard, enclosed in lofty gates, running between his own residence and that of • Mr. Holland, who lives next door. The apartments occupied u the bank are a front office aid one small room behind, which latter is lighted by • window looking into Mr. Moore's yard. This window was fixed upon by the burglars as their point of entrance, in effecting which they adopted very similar means to the Frimley rather,. The window alluded to was an ordinary sash, strengthened inside by three iron bars. The rascals first cut sway and tem wed the rash. which they deposit. d very carefully in an outhouse in Mr. Moore's yard, and then loosening the fasten ing of one of the bars, they toned it inwards, and, bending it up, obtained sufficient room to admit • man'. body. Having thus secured an entrance they struck • light sad commenced ransacking the place. Whilst the thieves were thus engaged, Mr. Holland (Mr. Moore's next door neighbour) who sleeps in a room overlooking the yard, had occasion to get out of bed. On going to the window he at once observed a light in the little hack office belonging to the bank, and as it was new about 2 o'clock he telt satisfied that all was not right. Mr. Holland spoke to his wile on the subject on returnine to bed ; and, with the natural of a lady, Mr.. Holland got up to peep. She soon discovered what she thought were the figures of two men, and summoning Mr. Holland to asks a second obser vation, they both clearly saw two individuals in the little back cffico of the bank tinily engaged in ransacking the place, one of them holding a lighted candle in his hat, and the other annul with a chisel or screwdriver, forcing cup boards and drawers open. Mr. Holland's first impulse wee to open the window of his bed-room and give an alarm, sod with that view he threw up the sash, and called out as load as he could, "Is that you, Mr. Moore ? " The burglars beard him call, and instantly decamped, baying first put out their light Mr. Holland hastened to put on his clothes, and in a very few mince.' was on his way to the police station. Almost immediately after leaving his own door he encoun tered • man in the MO-street, whom he addressed, without obtaining any reply. This man walked off in another direction, end Mr. Holland proceeded to give en alarm to the polies. He had scarcely arrived at the sta tion, when two prisonese were brought in by the officers of the local police, and charged on suspicion of having stolen property m their posression. Mr. Holland having comma skated to Semiotic Kennedy what he had men, that officer ordered the prisoners to be put back while he himself pro ceeded to ascertain the state of affairs at the bank. On arriving here he found the house bad been entered ae above described, and on making an examination it was discovered that the thieves, alter ransacking all the cupb suds and erawen in the bank, bed entered Mr. Moores private apart ments. and regaling themselves on bread god beef and wine, had subs. q ucatly stolen several articles therefrom. Hsppily the plunder obtained was altogether very sn el. The iron safe in the back office of the bask resisted all the efforts of the reseals to break ft open, although considerably iojared by the rough usage it had received from the point of a " jemmy," used in attempting to force it, which was found sticking in between the doors, and the corresponding portion of the iutrument was suheequcntly discovered on one of the prisoners by Sergeant Kennedy. A. cupboard in this room was broken s pan, and a bottle of wine taken out, and from a desk which was also forced several blnele cheques were abstract. d. The front office was entered by cutting away the bolts of the door communicating between the rooms, and here 12.. 6d. in silver money was take n out of one of the tills. Happily all the other cash, in accordance with his usual custom, bad been taken to his private residence by Mr. Everisgham, the manager of the bank, on the previous evening. The door leading from the front office of the bank to Mr. Moore's private 'warn:mots was forced, and in all the lower rooms the robbers committed great havoc, breaking open drawers and strewing their contents about the fives. The only articles missed, however,were • greatcoat and some silver spoons. Mr. Kennedy having completed his search, returned to the police-station, accompanied by Mr. Moore. On the prisoners being called, Mr. Moore at °ace identified his coat on the back of one of the rascals, and on the pockets being searched the silver spoons stolen from Mr. Moore's kitchen were discovered. The broken " jemmy' and the blank cheques were found upon the other prisoner, and all doubt as to their participation so the robbery being removed, they were at once put back into cells. One of the prisoners gave his name as George Roberta, and describes himself u • gunsmith, but refuses to give his address. The other man calls himself Charles Dowe ' and says he is a la b sorer . Both state that they are last from Guildford. The circumstances which led to their apprehension are these : Police Constable 307 V was on duty at the lilacs end of Epsom about half-put two o'clock yesterday malting, when, observing two sespicieurlooking strangers hurrying out of the town, be challenged them. Failing to obtain any satisfactory reply, he sprang upon them, and, seeing both men by the collar, held them until he obtained the assistance of two brother officers, and thus secured his prisoners. Both the fellows were brought up before the local magis trates yesterday morning, and underwent • private examina tion. The Baron de Tenter and Mr. H. Goss* were upon the bench, and Mr. William Everest, the clerk to the magistrates, was in attendance. The evidence of the police officers having been taken, Mrs. Moore (in the absence of her hue ' band) was salted to identify some of the articles stolen, and this haring been done most eatisfa:torily, both the prisoners w. re remanded until Monday next, when it is expected the evidence spinet them will be complete. Among the articles left behind by the prisoners is a razor firmly fixed into • wooden handle, raising a strong suspicion that bad they met with any resistance in the noose murder would have happened. Great credit Is doe to Sergeant Kennedy arid the force under his command, for their ad mirable conduct in the apprehension of the rascals. Roberts appears about 32 years of age, and is sft. 6ig. huh; he is respectably dressed, and his linen is marked "F. S." Dowe is shout 18 years cf age, and 6lt. 4in. high: he is very swarthy, and has a mole upon his left cheek. Both the prisoners were conveyed to Kingston last evening. REViItIiMENTS OP NAVAL CAPTAINS.—We are ens bled to announce that the following officers, being above 55 years of age, and having been 20 years on the active list of captains of the By al Navy, have accepted the retirement of 18e. per diem, and have received cogimissions aeordinell: Captain Philip Parker King (seniority), F.b., 1S30; Cap tain Condone, B. W. Boyle, May. 1830 ; Cep•sin Rowland Mainwaring, Jnly. 1830; Captain John Wyatt Watling. July, 1830; Captain Richard Pridham, July, 1830; Cap tain John Lyons, July, 1830; Captain Philip Westphal, July, 1830; Captain Edward Spanhott, July, 1830; Cap lain William Blight, July, 1830. These rwiremenu bring Captains (of 1837) B. Gordon, J. Brasier, B. C. WC" M. Quin, R. Owen, J. B. Maxwell, .7. R. Carney. Sir T. Maitland, C.B , and Thomas Mike, with the first 170 senior captains, and reduce the number on the active list to 497; the promotions of three commanders to the rank of captain will be necessary to make the list of captains the estab'essi number of 600. Thenceforth the promotions to the esptatt?l list will be regular as vacancies occur.—Cnited &row. Gantt.. 11 1 1 ,i1 • i