The Express. — London, England, 1850-09-11 00:00:00

Vie enweiSlS. OUTGOING MAIL& The Mai it WIWI MN* AMMO% Bonewle, sad the Vetted Skim w be mode sp es Ste swabs al 13 tie Palk Mai Toast " Ifterra." no .s kr Likes, Salk ail ibilalke win be made we se B.pt 17. The sails is, Hoven* ikederse, Mesa, head, Chill, sad Nrs,will b. Nude sp ektbeasselog ei Sept 17. Tie Wow leak Nails, aelediapikisierse, Mesa, Hr weak sail Jaskol (St Deldep), ski labeling Voss • sow* Now Osaka, ski Step Tam (Wes. de Nisszassa) ski be nada ap ea Use wheselsailsvismbar 17 - - - The mils kr Mesita. Meks, Omer, the Leas Calm, Lod* sal aka& Illeatheets= re= se se the eseretieg el Sege. 20. TM m Si,ie Masellise, OD SS Xedimerseess, Egy Oaks, Taft. Beeraseg, al la amide op .nt h Oman aleph Tbe masks 11•680 will be sada sp se Oakes 1 . The mils kr Madam Ow Base* and Bask Ayres, will M ad. op IS the mods( Oa. 4. VAT= AT 1141100111 IIIIID•16 Two ...141a......... Y 1..... .1. TWA We S. Iffs. 1.11~0.1b. Wm LONDON, WEDNESDAY, BEPTIMBER 11. No doubt Can rest on the mind of any one, whose attention is equally directed to the ends of economy and of tho public service, that the greet embassies might to be redneed to the rank of missives. There needs no yrs:eget proof of this than the conduct of ene of the shrewdest governor eta of Enrope, the Realm which has universally adopted this measure. And it has done so, evidently not so much from motives of economy, as from the inevletion that envoys of less dignity than their old princely and aris tocratic ones are required in the present state of &rope. When Lord Pstniurrow was asked whether Ros sini indeenee at Grostantinople had diminished, in seseeqsancre of the Russian envoy being of less dig nity, his lordship replied, that floosies power of pressing upon Turkey was such, that it became a matter of indifference what the rank of its represen tative was. Another question, equally pointed, was pat, es to whether the functions of an nabs/soder, formerly tasked in procuring it.formation and obtaining in flames amooget courtiers and nobles of his own rank, were net Dow superseded by publicity, and by that dis semination both of knowledge and of Whence amesiget a large class, instead of their nmainieg limited to a restricted few. His lordship seemed to think that espenditure t and hospitality, and social rank were as memory in this new state of things and duties uis the old. The Reggae government is evidently of a contrary 42 j a ko. Real It seems to think of minor importance ti i t , ai l ,!omatists; and expenditure on either show or hospitality' rzllear. And yet the influence of Rue- Man Adman," never was so great or so manifest as, It has been of late upon stettimen, upon political mea eest and upon the public press of other countries, especially upon those of England sad of France. Hitherto it was our privilege to be quits independ ent of foreign influence. Public opinton amongst es was generally oonsidered so honest, and sturdy, and independent, that any attempt on the poet of Sledge powers to influence it was scouted as a thing Impoesible. Bat within these two or three years the ease has &lured, and it is clear as woodsy to the most Genial observer how meets the conduct, the ees, and political movements of men of the highest parliamentary eminence have been influenced by hints, suggestions, and schemes, which could emanate from no other source than from the diplo. matte Chanceries of Austria and Russia, If the noble chiefs of our aristocratic parties have ben thee made the tools of foreign intrigue, it ✓ not to be wondered at that the press should Nave felt their influence. And this bantam Ye not only been exerted, bat obeyed, and acted upon with the most perfect success. Although no one can be more jealous or more wide awake to the independence of the welter who eaters b kis information on domestic matters, your English reader will swallow any amount or kind of foreign intelligence, be it drawn from the meet corrupt and servile sources. Every day we see columns filled, in the most influential papers, with matter which could only be bled out, or syphoned, from the ceespocla of the foreign police. And yet your Englishman will swallow this, as he might a draught pure from He licon. Now we by no means recommend English diploma tists to imitate the mean nod underhand ways of Assign diplomatists. Rut it is well to note that the notion of diplomacy has come to be sieroised alto- gether in tar lower regions than used to be the case. Despotic courts and military governments have in fact turned their attention to influencing and guiding that public opinion which is, after all, sovereign in free and constitutional countries. They no longer cajole royal nfstresere, or creep up back stairs at court; their emissaries seek on the contrary the corridors of parliament, and the saloons of clubs. And they get possesnion of what ts accredited at the national press, sot perhaps by the old common made of actual bribery, but the more delicate and insidious mode of personal attention and exclusive information. Now, if such are to be the new ends and func tions of diplomacy, we think it perfectly wise in go. vernment to refuse princely rank or princely revenue limb agents. What is required in them is evi dently no longer to be representatives of one sore reign at the oust of another, but the correspondent of a government to collect information sad obtain eirendancy at the court of that modern potentate, publics opinion, in free countries. Year old nobles and courtiers are quite unfit for this. Count Arroxy would not know how to set about it, nor Prince Onion; nor would any of our dukes, earls, or viscounts be at all the man to man age it. An income of 10,0001. and a cordon bier in the kitchen are not needed to compass snob ends. We are far indeed from pretending that our diplo stray can be rendered subservient to them, or that the same system which has been followed for a time an continuo with any success. The public will soon learn to scent out foreign inflame, and will know how to fling the merited slur and discredit upon it. But nevertheless the fact will exist, that diplomacy will henceforth have to work and to barrow in much lower strata of moiety than hitherto has been its duty and its wont. And the dandy will Demme as useless in the inferior grades, as the magnate in the higher ones of the diplomatic lorries. This will, no doubt, prove a bardshipand a kind of revolution to the thin generation of di twatiota. at lent to ours. They have been bred to to coons as the centre of power, and to the aristoeretio and esassrvative par tie s meths only inasendel owe worth sbadylan and oraelliatiag. And we tsar that those who want sagacity and independents, enough be shake dr the traditions of this school will be very melees in the Mars date and relations of amp& lesenertions have. indeed. been pat down end popular parties silenced. Bat missy and stlainietrative conater-revoletione have been sore destructive tithe old aristeerease than revolution itselL The sepia& of Bergs, mi f iat' frankly adopt ocestitatienal will be no thing bat cusps; and whoa de eons recd, as they most, to some kind of easproesise with the Mrard popular ideas. that pablie opinion will 7o be dealt with, and studied, and conciliated, which we see even the 'genteel the *AZ latter and make um of with ore. esti Leesburg, levied en some 1 Amos, Ist Mims alms those yi& sad aid) IA is =oilier part Aceerahili to have aeseee, the is &bast 17, Ova merchants trading to the Elbe and the Baltic am to be the first among as who are to be toaght the conasqueners cl that unwise and aadigaifisd policy whist+ km thrown the weight of Berland into the sells of Ramis, as opposed to the nationality of North °mammy in the Dochise of Schleswig and Hoisteia. An interim law was promulgated at Co peabsgea oa the 46th of lost swath, essalisiog the suidmon dative of Denmark and Schleswig, and Ind =lthat this is only the fret step toward' the diom of ow common sys•ma of duties and dossiers fir Denmark and the duchies. Hitherto the Danish provinces sod the German Mt.:subjeet to the crown of Denmark hare rely distinct sod fadepaideat ensues sets bliaments, fed kayo had their eWee trades riaeillea massfdar pea Mm =Opposie. marli bre o f puniest a re strictive policy in the vain km. of oresting rad amintainieg muskets/es la a essatry to whisk no tare has denied both cal and wster-pewer. tariff common to the duchies bosom the coatrmy, been extremely ssedwate in its rates of ditty. The tmiff impoesd by the new regulatisas (whisk came into operation ea the let ism) on Denmark and Sable*. wig. sad to be Waded an son as paiellde is Holstein irstriblrarti - shimi aeon cif the Ambles k hit it bas rather mere than a ___ nrsiliCt benne tithe Dori prernmes sr* mem OM dime ef 111relashies, bat it asy be 47 tined nhellis p h ar iamb, as it stern,, boo and is almost Grey Mat peat men), and iel (misisedy the est minis, sad ghosted at the epithet tlivoi nol-whish mmarets the Bailie with the - Nee& Sea), are not for the prism of Oar taltiolii ms as all the Danish limbos** tensi. Is 1 1 11 3k et it a s i naraber of vessels of all six ng es Illsoging the Danish ports was 1,663 ; their aggresses 03,376 toes. The number of vessels of all l ii ss :t keen to the ports of Schleswig-Holstein wee their eggr!gate teenage 61,607. The saillisnot 16.1 Whams in the deehiss owned within a Mae as Mgt a ton OS the million and a half ishablinats of Deems* roper. Under the protective Danish tariff oar setton mansfaetares were subjected to rates of duty moon . from 331 . to 126 rim dollars per 100 1 bs. lin Schleswig-Holstein, the range of defies on these articles woe from 15 to 30 viz dollars. On every 10011. of pass and asps, or cotton mixed with silk, 250 rim dollars of duty . were charged in Denmark, only 30 in Schleswig-Holstein. Cambria and lawns paid 200 tin dollars the 1001ba. in Denmark, 10 7-12 is Schleswig-Holstein. The duties as imported woollen goods rouged in Denmark from 331 to 126 rix dollar! the 10011 m, in Schleswig-Holstein from 121 to der 33h. Un ths now tariff (already in operation in Schleswig, and threateeed to be extended to Holstein) • duty of 160 rix dollars the 100 lb. is nbstituted for 125, the old Danish rate on silk and *AV:Ol=d. and 250, the old Danish rate on plain silks and velvets; bat the former duty on these articles in the duchies was only 30 rix dollars. The Danish duty of 250 rix dollars per 100 lb. on gasses and crapes is retained, and sabstitatad for the 30 dollars hitherto levied on tem articles in Sehlaswig. Woollen cloths formerly paid 100 rix dollars per 100 lb. in Denmark, and 33 1.3 in the duchies; they are now to pay 66 2.3 both in Denmark and Holstein. Manufactures of wool mixed with silk, or with cotton and silk, used to be charged 126 rix dollars per 1001 b. in Denmark, and 30 in Schleswig; they are now to be 494;0 160 riz dollars in both. Under the reasonable duties levied in tits bellies, the ibliabitants so prospered that their tale wag nearly equal to that of the Danes, crippled by the strictivs policy of their government, though the popu lation of the duchies only amounted to about two thirds of that of Denmark Proper, and the superficial extent of the former to little more than one-half of that of the latter. Tits first use made by the Danish government of the increased authority over its Ger man provinces which tits English goverinsset has bean aiding to confer upon it, has been to subjset the duchies to the paralysing iciluecce of the same mis taken commercial policy which has retarded the pro gress of Denmark. Henceforth the Deohies will be I less able to pure:hams from Great Britain, and higher rates of costonts duties will impede the aeons of Bri tish goods to this deteriorated market. Had the German nationality of the duchies been respected and upheld, one of two things must have happened with regard to their commercial policy. Either they would have continued as hitherto, in imitation of Hamburg, to stand aloof from the Zoll verein and levy only light duties upon imports ; or they would have joined the Z311•01e111 and strength ened by their scansion the free trade party in that body. Had they punned the former course the advan tage to this country would have been immediate ; had they punned the latter the advantage would have been only prospective but almost equally certain, and much wider in the extant of the benefit it contend. But as matters now stead ese of the duchies has been already plunged into a Danish protectionist customs tinkle, and liolateia is tottering on the brink of the gulf. These are the first-fruits of the suicidal policy of English diplomacy with reforest* to Denmark and the duchies. Out countrymen north of the Tweed have two rather popular works entitled " Scotch Worthies," and " The Cloud of Witnesses." They are taartyro logics of the Scottish kirk; the collected b iographies of the presbyterial' martyrs who suffered is the days of rds- permeation under Lao, DOUGLAS, and DUIMS. These works have done more, primps, than 'vain else to keep alive the sturdy presbyte rial' spirit of Scotland. A work of a somewhat simi lar character has just been breed to the public by the Austrian government, and a translation of it is in the course of publication in Asstries journal, the The... The The.. entitles the work "The Magyar Bloody Amin." It purports to contain "eireamstandel, de tailed, and duly authenticated lists" of "all the wretched victims to Magyar terrorism," who," ia 1848 1 sad 1849, were sentenced to death and executed in Hungary and Transylvania, either by ceder of the tz. Conuniselommrs, or their tribune/a and °Darle ne camber of the mann, according to the 1t...., is 487, bat as yet only 126 oases have ap- Much th oug h peared in th r ournaL we are disposed to sympathies with the victims civil war, under whatever limner they may be arrayed, we must °mhos that there are some of these martyred saints of Austria for whose fate it is not very way to feel the compamico in voked in their behalf. Take for example the hero of the 68th article: Glider Stank, Jetties of Delon, And musty, was slot far Avidly with doff Otrotddi tAo forest the of the stoodr, with latest to kill hod, or Go ha nee Odious bodily hum RATNAII, the woman flogger, the Might' of HATKAU may thiak that a MINIM INM tasted to the man who only indulged is the ledges masseneat of hunting a noble lady with age with latest to kill her. And they who held est death rt is in all oases, and in every eiremanleass e, may demo, to its Minim' eves upon Bram list we doubt whether the sent Arenas= antagonist of death punishment will• judge very severely the act of men who inflicted it upon sash a monster, at the time when men's passions were goaded to the uttermost in an internecine war against !LIU; - 14 C m. crime of litani was cue which would proba bly have boa punished with death is almost 'say country of Mame or America, even I. a time Of profess& peace. Aced so are maay of the other mar truisms ebrasieled in the nom. Far attip m4te g we have Gm* Manta =anted " to strangle one of the isnergea ss =strates AMR XOWATOCH " ham oae of kis sow raise I" sad " a beWhWa boy' (no time given) "se- al " poissiag. Again, for the pwpato et swelling the Hat, we And among them ,(alias of "the Main, ormadosirmers, their tribunals and seams-martial, not few who fell in &initiates or riots. Amoeg these is the ems of " two morodows, from the cape of Omura Karr, killed is October, 1848, by a solo." Two 'waggling plunderers were slain by the peasantry when they had webbed and injured when caught in the &et sad hr this the Magyar tribunals are to be Yid re ei. Nay, those tribanabi are bald rumeesibla ;ath of a pris the m. who IMO emas " awl N~ t elarksa. • ame4lol of 1111 mankidi is the Mass et yoMmlay, are these at listmOst spies, whose em the Milikwy law d the while dol lies' wadi is sad Ire bus both. Oaa Who aro of as Awe abet kr mist away in battle. Omsk ant dr MN to whisk the Matchin . Rest bas boss drives to make out statical, g y list debates to " Magyar terunisco." And, lag the alaartatar far veracity whisk that goverment hes earned, it may be doubted wbsthsr malt ere doses will be given OTOS toss& issonelmive taw. It is certainly somewhat mare than sespiciaas, that in way iastaaess wither the names of the *Rims, ace their alleged Grimm, nor eves the plea sad time of their Whiting sae gives. Hero is ass groin ; example Frew lawman of the distriet cenithetteiwo of AGM Issaellt_ that am" Amok& Alm, epee. • rosu7 sa Pall.olll, c ot e Buis Squa t WM AIM se Comm Fat Nary. THE EXPRESS; WEDNESDAY ENTENTE% hi Marisa the wei Imes. Toe 4efee by wbiek. She as Aastriaa employer* seek to divest attention his bentality is toe transparent to impose SU • duly& The ibreiss : ie. vastly of . . who wadi animate. thit earn at Alit it u rpotallip i f Ul expeeare "mss prod* have hod some thing to do with the , ra2loig, %task on ..41kossi1 Hanuat.-whisk same Teeple aro oe simple as to believe to •have been amens on the pert of Mesas. Bsicraw sad Ws draymse. The Thar has a race wee for a plots it a.osld have made a foram, is the daps of RICIMIOND, CAITLIN, and Oman. Its sweaty in entelliag out • esespiraoy is only weaned by the tillage tent in diessraing mta's real &motors. evillest is its intimation that all the wash bat hearty workless who took part in the Maki& demonstration are ha the habit of " thrombin their wives with little reason." awed. Loma. Clem* 1 Her OW* ..-.. - 117 SO SI N V U 17 70 17 U Isr datu -. ...... NO NO NW NW NW i Op. Saw lam.. a * . a a 46 re 066*-....... a no is r a 6 per dm..._....... a Radom, macadam: at isa. Si 11347 • OP 6634,'56 SC " DWI; S. DSO .... lON issay. Igspisslaatin .. - - Mew l De. 6. DAS ..... 16•1 II2IIIIM Uri. ISO 7$ De. 6 -....--. - a DM% 674 MO . Ds. $ - - - Thom Ikao6 . Ilids6l6 $ pwOmea. 14 U Disk Mara Damem-Vommilhe 0.161164 162 SO ; Path NS War* 74 . 1 ; Fob NA Boma. 6117 le; NieeMo mod .116 s, Di 76 ; Otraiimay 501ft16.117 MI; dirt eel ‘766 $47 60; Orlon. and BOMIIINS. MU{ 11W. {N ; Fob mg ;6• 6 .616; Tom awl Dulls, 666 SL jt net ; ;real, ,epthaphileishe tee •The pha i4. ssher tbe imam been sayA Moms, wean heihatine of its he - Meet say 4404year/ere eiwairpthems, by ensesionaM the ediestissi 96 she Wines tamer veserving, lowever&ir ....... embsesion rms b ntee b d4rmdlettd on " W ° l4isrt. designated g a lfrtint of t the sanitation, ud the BM step to rabelthet. The theme ads, that the set et the Umber phases thiewhille aissetiteteme to eitertish. But the shirr, has been eadanwerierM bderit fees voteless. •TI, Weee itherif due nos surprise es to no the ministry maims to wades its ewe guilt to the .plodders of the &paths. The present frivolous pretense Id, that the existing law is not saloiset thruide he the insietseaus et stabile eviler how sensed, to ethane whleh susesediaary Mess/1111 are de clared ememary. Ate Sea a 011111111110 the above mentioned order, commuding tee further collection of the sausgrauted on the Bth of April, 1849. only for that year, bee been lamed. Bat dace that law only extended to 1849, it will not avail the mildewy tow It related tea particular period and its owe =lllllollllllllali emus be &thirstily treedsered or 7 ed. la 148 ef the coutitutheal sok relating to taxes mil the consent of the chamber Is ex rattly laid Ammar milieleary to the eollehicia sad applies *. of Mart which no officer has a right to solleet, and se it bend to pay. Bat the order of the 4th indent dem eel maths any obtained meths of the states, IS dem mot *webs correspeeth to meths 146 el the meetitutiomal act. The dimness son- Weed la seethe et that document will ass mower the purpose litho reseemseent hese the moat tithe slasher mot there the liemeheresese the sedinemse of the 4th his Mime 'lOl.ll/I•Mei this art le Mena us. E R s W. ham set le my = Miami lath he a s bee the that dueling hem illst of the emmitetkes, and Meath en the ehma ( girseeinesat r big l as wed dispe whil sed to tion grant J th IM e emu mmeashry twirer the ampanditere Nike state, ft was Molted. beam II math belle -hp memeableg what these asesuides were. Aressdin to the mentitatisa a statement of the reseuess and melds of the state le to be laid before the chamber early is eves, stados . la order that the two maybe adjusted he asith other. Bet as the newly slued dryades owe shied Mireber, so each statement wee laid White them, the mishear reseeded that he could not make mesh shiermiles espeseina end thereby . he luso* the ground of the eseatiation. It is not surprising toes to see the Waster resseithim in this way to take sway the con stitutional right et the Ired, sad thus peepers the way yet the esemielle end Meer hesernethe of theamituthe itself. By whim the feel ellsp he retellien his Wm taken, who has amiememeithe gmesemdl oedema/ the asemery, we mod not lsbe le p. but we we imbed, dimly resolved, to ',heti th e semethWen eo far se the in etir power. le dam so we leek whit salthdeaes for the morn of every chime, bet mph* if Ore who meth be mere spectates, but have mem is tiehmil the Miniethere if the country. We, thetersee, melte Yam memihmese of memo will apply for taxes by amemity at say order ie whisk the pnviouly ob seined sweat at the esembly is not expewhy alleged ; mad assure all when it mmosesern, that in me of disregard to this 1111111■01114 MIME premed to pat is exercise the powers with which we see ishoned by S s. 81 of the eonstitutios, and premise* the ellandiesindividsels.-Bonweausrmsem, Own. KILLTI1141•1120/131, Hamm, the permaset oostantat el the Assembly. Olti L l tad& Itmier — reF . =AL Mew Wilt. ankh& ban and 1 75 lise wand thaw. 10_641 15 11 1011-11 I 5 12 TUMMY. IdUer frotileonstaktinople des 25th nit states lbat great ssaantlon b. 4 be.. sassed by the wife of Idolawn Puha having strangled one of her enonehe, 5.64 . by a grum,S= d other servants. She • been arreoted._ A l a that bylaw she bad right plumed. She wu formerly the wife of an' Ee lub Physician named Mellingen, bat wu divorced from him. It was believed that in sititenf her high mask she would be condemned. - IJNITED - STATES: "•• ° ' • The folleirias is from owe soresesemiset : _ NBW TONI, Ave. 28,1850. haw Wirt !titbits a few days' poet that Mr. tefmanan, `of rawmlv alai% the nowly-appkted atery of the InWor, haft resigned his c ee, on lisfe-Sloa of ilt,heahb. It is rather a curious circul ate:nee that it has beams quite diffieult to get men of high taut to aosept °floe at Washington. The sa laries are certainly quite inadequate to the support of the incumbents. but the patronage 1$ very great. There out be therefore connected with theme refusals to hold allee a anuiderable degree of honesty. It is rumoured that Mr. M•Bennan'e resignation has arisen out of a misunderstanding with Mr. Webster, the bat ter gentleman insisting that the appointment of Uni ted States Marshal should be metered to his depart ment. The reason assigned for this by moms peruse is, that Mr. Webster wishes to have this patronsge ander hie control. But there is probably another. Under the new law for the arrest of fugitive slaves, it is highly important that these officers, who are the sheriffs of the Gratis, should sot be tinetared with abolitionism ; but, on the contrary, should be constitutionally " good men cad true.° Mr. Webster, foreseeing the necessity of carrying out the law to its letter, and probably having acme nadantanding with his southern friends on this mildest, desires to mean its due execatioa, and is willing to assume a oorresponding responsibility. This is probably the true version of the ease. Whe ther Mr. MReanan has resigned or not, there has been some difficulty about these appointmeate. It is believed that the Rouse of Itepreeentetives will finally pus all the bills from the Senate, and though the threats of secession continue to be heard from a few of the southern states, yet they appear to be prior cipally for effect. No southern state is unanimous on t ar. t, and I think it may be safely predicted the will everywhere be in a minority. First, be epos a large portion of the people of these states are emend to disunion, and next, because another large pardon may be considered sufficiently selfish to take the strongest side, that of the government. They would everywhere form the strongest party, and would succeed to power, holding it for the next geaeratioa agaiut the minority. Whether, there fore' we reckon on the patriotism or selfishness of men, secession would not be permitted In the state, them selves. A recent convention called in Georgia, to oppose the government, fell through for want of numbers. Superadd to this the moral and military power of the general government, and we cannot help coming to this conclusion, that the Union will be maintained. We have late inf ormation from Texeeedso favourable to the views here expressed. The proposed settle went of its claim by a line north of their present actual limits, sad the payment of a beans of ten , millions of dollars give them entire satisfaction, and their rangers, instead of skirmishing with the New Mexican,, will have an opportunity of trying the rugs of their rifles against the Indies, on the Rio Grande, who seem to hold the state in perfect con tempt. It is said that if nothing else in the shape of opposition will serve the ends of the southern mem bers of oongrem. they will tusks an effort to reduce the tariff to a minimum of 26_per peat. and open our coasting trade to the world. Per contra, it is asserted that there will be a slight modification of one tariff in favour of our coal and iron, and a specific instead of en ad valorem duty. Effurte have been made already in the Rouse of Representatives for the purpose of so modifying our present rates. Our dates from Panama are to the 3rd of August The isthmus was quits bare of travellers, in come queues of the number of steamers calling there. The authorities have been realising considerable sums by the imposition of local taxes on various kinds of em ployment chiefly . pursued by Americans. The tax on an ordinary inn is now about 1,400 dole. per annum, and upon everything of a similar remunerative cha racter. The consequence is great dissatisfaction among the Americans. Thirteen Jesuits expelled from Bo gota at a recent session of Congress have arrived at Panama : they are going to Peru to take charge of the seminaries of learning. They were passengers in the steamer Avon. Au American steamer, milled the Tabor', is now plying successfully in the Bay . of Panama, being chiefly employed in conveying freight and passengers from the steamers to the city. Tele is a great improvement in the mode of conveyance, and will do away with the canoes and bongoes, which have hitherto monopolised the business. Hera, the pianist, wan trying his hand in the way of concerts with very good emcees. The governor of the place per mitted him to use his saloon on the occasion of his first concert. Another robbery of gold treasure has taken place on the isthmus. It seems the leading male which usually bears the bell, was led off into the forest and robbed of boxes containing 32,000 dole. The rest of the train followed the usual path. After a while the absent mule joined its comrades, without its load, and enroll was made for the treasure with out anceese. When the news reached Panama, the governor, attended by Mr. Nelson, the agent of Rowland and Aspinwall, and a couple of files of sol diers went out, to see what could be done. One account states they fell in with the robbers, and had a severe conflict with a considerable loss of life on both sides. The treasure was not recovered. The insurance companies of this city have resolved to throw their losses upon the isthmus expresses, under the law which attaches to common earners. The re cent elections in New Grenada, on the let of August, passed off without disturbance. Obaldia received six out of tea votes for the office of governor. I wrote you in my last, that it was believed the Haytian Majesty would back oat of its designs on the Dominicans. We have later intelligence by an arri val at this port, that the expedition is not abandoned, but that, on the contrary, that the preparation of a naval force is going on, to consist of two large square rigged vessels, and a propeller, daily expected from Europe. Three whites have been beheaded for some indiscreet expression of their political opinions. Truly the black race are in a 're state, and deserve the commendation of al philanthropists. One almost becomes in favour of intervention, when each misrule prevails, and such abortions of humanity reach the eminence of sovereignty. Mr. Clay, after a t ssant visit to Newport, for the benefit of his heal th, has returned to Witahi, and bas reappeared is the senate. He was eoza, is order to avoid the consequences of his great peps. levity, to come to this city and depart incognito. He has retained to his post determined, if it be in his power. to heal the diesessions which preveil on the 'object of slavery. The condition of the daemon of Pennsylvania is serertained to be bealthfuL The following is a state meat which may be relied upon: dole Balsam is the Treeasty, 30th :nne,lB6o 349,212 00 Reoelpta for the month of July 1,366,668 96 Total Deduct payments for Balm* in the Treasury, ;lily 81 Interest on the fended debt, paid Aug. 1 Sorplus ia the Treasury after paying the August interest The landed debt of Pennsylvania on the let day of August, 1850, war 39,811,831 28 Dafaadad debt MIN the ' 914,828 81 Making e an mune* of 40,798.469 89 This inelade - ablest 460,000 dole. beloagieg to the Making Pawl, mina it would be proper to deduct. There is no doubt bat that the interestof the foreign debt will always hereafter be punctually paid, and Sidney Smith's jokes will shortly be forgotten. Loss 01 , Two BOATS AND mini Ctsws.—Daring •OA of wbui oa the 7Atit alt. two boots Wanes. to Yell, la tbe Orkneys, while aressiog:Ottor Baud, by emu wise easatable same wore swamped, sad all on board, ids, lbw mew sod a boy, perishrti. TOIAOOO.—Mr. Lilliagstone, of Loohalsb, Ism in tredand Um piloting of tobacco on his estate, sad fields wblok formerly grew potatoes now boar a luarleat mop of this plait. It nada. to bo urea whether W plant will declaim in astama, a " sad la snobs."—Zuerams Cowrisr. ISKIOWION AND THE COLONIES. THE CONTINENT OF AUSTRALIA. Mom ILu D .ily Nan.) A brief preliminary review of the progress of dis covery in Australia will have a twofold use. It ex plains the various conjectur es respecting the natural hiatory of the country which havo been succesoively entertained, and from which f ragmen ' ar y erro rs still remain current, notwithstanding the light thrown upotrft by recent expforere. It also affords n round for deciding the reran eezato of the original right of property in the soil and title to the management of waste lands. Cook struek the coast of New Holland in April, ' 1770, about the 38th degree of south latitnde • down the eastern side of the contin en t t o it s nort h extremity at Cape York in south l a ti tu d e lob an , by posing through Tones Straits, ucertainfd the entire separation of the land be hid Goaded from New Gaines. The penal colony of New South Wales was established in 1788, near the southern extremity of Cook's dts coveries. Vancouver in 1701, b'Entrecasteaux 1792, and Flinders in 1902, surveyed the south-east coast from Cape Leuwin to Nuyt's Archipelago. The south-east angle of the Australian coast and the Mutt which separates It from Van Diemen's Lard was discovered by Bus and, Fliuders in 1703. The south coast, from the western termination of their dis coveries to Cape Northumberland, was first examined by Chant in 1800. Spencer Gulf and St. Vincent's Golf were discovered by Flinders in 1805. The coast from the eastern termi nation of his discoveries at Encounter il,iy to Cape Northumberland had immediately previous to them been explored for the first time by Captain Baudin. Thus between 1770 and 1805 the whole Austra lian coast from Cape Leuwin on the south-west to Cape York on the north-east was discovered and laid down with considerable accuracy. The whole of this task was executed by English navigators (with the exception of the part between Encounter Bly and Cape Northumberland, discovered by the French Captain Baudin). Cook and Flinders in their more extensive explorations were employed for the purpose by the English government. The other discoverers (with the exception of Captain Baudin) were led to these regions by the operations of the English govern ment in toundirg their penal settlements. The northern and eastern ousts were explored at earlier periods, principally by Dutch navigators. A part of the east coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria we. discovered in 1606 by the cernmacder of the ship Daytime : this is the first authenticated European visit to Australia. The remainder of this lire of coast to the bottom of the enlf was discovered by the ship Pera in 1623. In 1644, Tasman expl , ...red the west coast of the gulf. Arnhem's peninsula immediately west of the Gulf of Csrpeotaria was di.covered by the commanders of the ships Pent and Arnhem in 1623. The land immediately to the west of the peninsula was dimoorered by Tasman in 1644, completing the discovery of the north coast. On the west coast, Endraet's Land, immediately south of the tropic of Capricorn, was dircoverad by Dirk Hartog in 1616; Edel Land, to the Booth of it, in 1619; the south-eastern cape cf Au tralia, and the adioini, g southern and eastern ecmts, by the commander of the Leuwin in 1622. A con siderable part of the west coast between the dis coveries of Tasman and Ilartog was explored by De Witt in 1682; by Dampier (when sailing with the buccaneers) in 1688; and by the same navigator when commanding a king's ship in 1692. Tee inter val between the discoveries of Edel and those of the commander of the Leuwin was surveyed by Viaming (who laid down the coast from 22 deg. south to 32 deg. south) in 1697. During thei artier 'part of the present century, the °oast line of Australia woe laid down on maps from the recent surveys of English and French navigator. on the east and south, and the old surveys of the batch and Dimpier on the north and west cols. The whole coast of the conoinent has however been re-surveyed by officers of the English navy by com mand of government. Flinders commenced the work, King completed the general survey, and detailed and supplementary examinations have been made by Stokes and others. The 'exploration of the interior advanced much more slowly, and is far from being equally complete. From 1688, when the settlement st Port Jackson was formed, till 1813, no one succeeded in reaching the summit of the mountains immediately west of Sydney. In that year (a season of severe drought), Messrs. Wentworth, Lawson, and Blaxland crowd the mountains in search of pasturage. In an incre dibly short time after their excursion the energy of Governor Macquarrie constructed a road as isr as Bathurst, on the west side of the mountains. In 1817, Mr. Oxley, surveyor general. explored the upper courses of the Macquarne and the Lachlan. In 1818 he penetrated to the marshes near the junction of the Macquarrie and the Darling ; in 1824 Meagre. Howell and Hume crossed from Yews plains to Port Phillip; between 1825 and 1829 Mr. Cunningham explored Darling Downs in the interior, and p ar's of New England as far north asi%loreton Bay; in 1828 and 1830 Captain Start discovered the river Darling, and descended the Marrumbridgee end the Murray to the sea at Encounter Bay from 1832 to 1837 Sir T. Mitchell, surveyor-general, explored the Darling, Bogen, Lachlan, Murrumbridgee, and Murray more fully, and discovered Australia Felix ; in 1840 Tyers executed a trigonometrical survey of Australia Felix, and Streletszki examined the south-east angle of Aus tralia. By these combined efforts the genera! structure of the country, within a triangle formed by the coast line from Moreton Bay to Cape Howe, and (rem Cape Howe to Endeavour Bay, and a line drawn from En deavour Bay to Moreton Bay, was made pretty accu rately known. The foundation of the colony of South Australia, in 1838, has led to a considerable extension of these in land discoveries. The Ltd west of the Lower Dar ling and a line drawn to the mouth of the Glenelg, bas been explored inland as far as the latitude of Lake Terrine, both within that semi-circular depression and between it and the Darling. The triangular piece of land between Spenser's Gulf and Nuyt's Archipelago has also been pretty thoroughly examined. The mosteactive and successful explorers have been Capt. Start and Mr. Eyre. The latter gentleman, by his daring overland journey from Spenser's Gulf to the frontier of Western Australia, has connected the laud discoveries of the South Australians with those of their Swan River brethren. The discoveries in Western Australia have been less energetically and systematically pursued, but since the first settlement in 1829 a considerable tract of country, reaching from the 27th to the 35th degree of south latitude, and from the 115th to the 119th of east longitude has been explored. The continent of Australia lies between the 115th and 153rd degrees of east longitude, and between the 101 and 39th degrees of south latitude. Its greatest length is from Shark's Bey on the west coast, to Cape Sandy on the eastern, 2,400 miles ; its greatest breadth front Cape York or Torres Straits, to Cape Otway or Bass's Straits, 1,700. The mod known part of Australia lies to the east of a line drawn front Limtren Bight, in the south-west corner of the Golf of Carpentaria, to the head of the Great Australian Bight, near the western termi nation of the coast of South Australia. Not tar from the B.E. angle of this region, about GO miles to the N.W. of Cape Home, the Warragong Mountains, or Australian Alpe, attain a great height. They are situated between 36 deg. cad 87 deg. south, and some of theft peaks are covered with perpetual snow. The bee of these hills may be said to be on the top of what is called the coast range, the crest of which paws a little to the west of them. This swelling of the earth's surface from which the Australian Alps spring up ex tends from these mountains in a direction to the east of north to about the 26th degree of S. lat., and in a direction to the north of west to nearly the 132nd el:itof B. long (the Australian Alps are about the :degree of E. long.). This semicircular range of hills or high ground divides the waters which flow towards the sea from the great inland basin channelled by the waters of the Darling, Maoquaraie, Lachlan, Murrumbidge, and Murray. There are two inter ruptions in the continuity of the more southerly part of the range. The waters of the Murray arid its affluents find their way to the sea through a gap in it between the 139th and 140th degrees of longitude. A little further west a much wider depression is occu pied by the waters of Spencer's Gulf and St. Vin cent's Golf, and the narrow channel between the heed of the former and Lake Torrens. To the north of the 26th degree of S. latitude the east coast, as far as Cape York, trends to the W. of N.; high ground, bearing from the sea the appearance of a hill range, runs parallel to the line of the coast. - . meg, redness, it is Woe, the dedes hitherto Could mot the Ambits semenmeat estortsia .ki . ~ t o ^ °GERMANY. am wadies cl import is the Dsaish peo- whether sit aldukle-onnp at EAVISIT diamond . i • ii. . ______,,, raisins even thee* et. • . t . • , ;, hi . i ~. P .oin . VIA !" '":111 1 1118B-CANIEL. h. a which have hitherto) ' •la ' Nli ,* . . . 1" 1 40 , no . a the „mho,. bai l 4,' , the diellention ea the fith ii - ri- ” A compaestiee table 4 Ili:It . et rk Damoseit sad in the r lt "' sc n ts. suit fee the Ike wire Ins sad graiaaa wok put et this day'Niss `. 117-1 ' ' ibit ' 1.1...4. ' bal * at .1" " ' . * 4.7: fl Chet . , ael e p riNalag. loo7 lll. :T almevezPamasi b. "gee r". 111. di to the most rt , th e seperficial extent of Prime td is the et oast, ~ vet, dif- not *mow the in . 1 isk r i rri 7,808 square miles, and Ms MfiviWey is forest fr om thi eswenity sad eat- . atrocities u m *. a mmo* tee dima4s, dissolved . N by abet; 1,011,278 imam -beings: Pm sarmista-by-11A~14.1-44bowAlagibui-magaidas @ duchies doss not mesh ezeomi 'kW 'tielswat=rd i att esia. Ilittb, ter, •ne thatsheehm@tet bum asti bat it km Misr sere than a miln ' 'Wad Adiefeatitme vai 4=9 l4 th us j O4l eal pesseses DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. IMPORTANT FROM SCHLESWIG. The Cologne Gazette has a telegraphic despatch, dated Altana, Sept. 9, stating that on theprevioss day an action bad taken place along the whole line of the outposts. The fighting was more especially live) , about the left wing of the Schleswig-Holstein army. This, consisting of the 9th and 11th infantry battalion, and the lst cavalry battalion, was at first forced to fall beak upon &ideate* ; after which, reinforcements having arrived, the Danes were thrown into disorder by them, and passed back to the Treene. Fifty eight prisoners were brought into Rendsburg, while nice wagohs of the wounded of the first cavalry bat talion a'rived at Heide. The centre of thl3ohlearrig-Holstein army has advatoed to legal (saarSchleswig), sad Brickandort; thin is, se yet, the only molt of the tight. CUSTOMS DUTIES ) . N .. III3INMARK AND TEE DUCHIES. We have already stated that oa the 25th ult. an interim law was promulgated in Copenhagen aasimi latirg the rates of duties on imported goods in the Danish provinces and Schleswig, and entrusting their colic ction to one common customs department. The law intimates that the same assimilation is hereafter to be extended to Holstein. The duties on imports in the duelling have hitherto been extremely moderate, those in Denmark Proper exorbitantly high, and im posed for protective purposes. In the new tariff, which is to be common to the German and Danish the old Danish rate, of duty are in some faaaaaw lowered, but even then they are kept much higher than those which have hitherto obtained in the chaise. The following table shows the difference between the Danish duties (new and old) and the Getman duties. Camparaire — Tablo of the Diffmanoa of Doti. to Denmark and la flankarrig-Hokteta. UeFete! . .. liNsa spoi Oft MR sal Plis tMA velvet Wks imstssisros—ailk Sad Miss so a 4,611 awl telearot, ditto Mewls. is. 100 lb. Asia bogie Irons, U., as so. Ism& is , lOO lb. A d saw Idols al aim asst as Cot 4 bet el. sib% colon lb. or Old • lOO Walks* wow. *is, as eattridand. NO lb. AB sem lair wive aganissarso, *lb Or assigllca sl bailout. rib. barb silism sed —lOO lb. (NW whi. ---- - a 1/4 3.11.91 41a 11 ia 1 i i Ur -.-....." : tomb MON • - a Oelta NI etwa;silir i; iatiaa Need millb IN NO lb. OWN" piabt or Ira* et NON ar , Ira IN lb 181110-06 .... a peter broad, et 8 al EimiNa...... ..... ...-..a Nara a s tnia.llll, . . .... et the ON kr mg Nye INN , r MOW 100 NOM It I lb taaN walk 15 tattles 5I rt ~ INN It battle b ti pet. Imam' la a i ail t. CNN, at preiond l' Illt ,Theina lmperial la Dr -1 INN are WINN el t 0 tr . Lamas kr aaM7 11• 1 11 1 . 11, 0 10, Aquavit sad Wm at cam. stsr 1311 b la Wilma 110 was I§ ale lb. Wilke filetho—Lann ..1 Olean elala—Dyel sad Abp ft Dlik at St sad I l lrediar i Ves d karsiber,Wes DI aft wears Willa dee - .Mlr~ r = ei rar e rsa too W. Dina_., mai Ow, 12016401 k and 100 lb. erinaniinenW law al di ads „ nira NI er=tn W lurk mows t• _ ar =de ip, Stem ce Stem .1011111 .144 - 'p" " ° i sw Shed vitt ether stalk 111a Tir ..........1122111•11 I IS with W it NOM Us. 11l Oka too deiriAlma. 10 , 14 Mad St be 1014 1• 4 n 83141 Eid welt= maidisParel, sr walks Mad via IS al= $414 BM f. glom se if"; Wl= r,o BELGIUM. 1 - 1 142 1$ 107.11 !,,i 107.12 10.7.12 A-14 Si 101.11 107.11 ISMS 107-11 Isll4 ISI4 If 41 1 1 41 SO U 1.3 The Brawls papers of the Bth tut. annum* the arrival at Yowlers of General Hayman, on his way from London to Coml. FRANCE. PAD A. TUESDAY The following telersphis daspa,tch has boss n *deed to-day soasseates the Pe den:. jean, : St. La, lan. 9. As Mawr. T !studded af the Ilepeldie hod mow et Ls =Marin or Vii . Napoleon 1 Tale mendso& ea lb epessepedreat Oherbsass, Iheasised geoid sad ille pepulailea Weds lowa amowded ea hi weep, sad oalitici Ids with Mee s titer lead dais aspeated, of Vies Nicoolose !" " Viro le ra dioed I" At Valerie, at Catallem e which he_ pared dwelt* he the settead doe, tho otlestleo of the is babiteato wen owe rem socked than sa hie diet visit. At It. 4o 'he woo rewavid with the ammo euthadeaa. He atowlisd so heresieek at the rite of tide town, sod pawed la review eke 'whoa sad the maternal *suds of the capitol of the dopeetionat and of the rural cossaaaes, which limited la great samba" to sheet him. Empalme upon • oemage vamaireas sad amplified', weilaatations bunt foe& Serious riots have occurred in the Dr6me. On the 4th instant, at Clionselet, In the (Aston of Loriol, and department of the Dr6me, the generate was beaten for the rams of some primers. A mob matched one from the gendarmerie at Mirmande, and several emassuaes seemed disposed to favour an in eurec4iosal movement. Telegraphic despatches from Valesee, of yesterday evening, announce that the in sum% were dispirited at the approach of the troops. It is added that the disarmament of the five neigh henries commune of the department of the Ardeche will be effected without difficulty. The yeefeeture of police has terminated a severe investigation into all the societies which, during the last year, have been formed for working the mines of California. Some of them are honourable; bat there is more than ono which is a veritable trap, a hundred than worse than the famous onnmandites which the • tribes& had to punish in 1836 and 1838. Many of ' the directors of thaw companies are, in fact , according to the police report, Members d'induatrie, or insolvents, who have pared, with arms and baggage, from the unprofitable field of politics to the advantageous do- main of Californian speculation. The government will soon publish in the Mottlina an article which will unveil many intrigues, and place a great many honest people on their guard against these dangerous enterprises. It will be a little late, but better late than — Tie Minister of Jostles has authorised M. Chord: and the emends of the duel in which M. Dupont fell to be transferred to places they indicated. M. ,volit is accordingly to be placed la a maim de anal at Paris ; M. Limoges, in the barraake of the gendarmerie at Niglio; M. Reiland, In the hospital of Ribero° ; M. Parrot, in that of Braided(; and M. Marc Qoey roy in that of Perigussz. The four moor& are at present only under prosecution. In comedic& with the affair of M. Wordier, M. Miot sad some other persons published a violent attack oo the ocanoil-general, and denounced it for "sanctioning acts of violence and brutality which re volt sentiments of humanity.* In consequence of this, the council - general ordered the matter to be referred to the precursor of the repoblic, sad that functionary at once canoed all the printed papers to , be educed. -- The Prins sad Princess of Capes left Marseilles on Friday for England. It is said that the object of the brother of the Xing of Naples in making this journey is to ask Lord Palmerston to attempt to effect a reconciliation between him and the King. The primers is said to bed ossd to make all merilloss that can be sim&l of her ; ant i Prism of Carta will before all demand that the legi dungy of his (Andres shell be cesognived. The pretest of the Bemberds-Illione has informed the Ueda el Marmillestliat the quarantine in the ports at Tammy ea arrivals from the south of Frame and Conies has bees reduced to three days only. The coandle-graeral of the Loiret, Vasolnim Bisone-et-Lobw, sad Ps -d e-Dome have voted for the milks of the imastitatim. Two deeds= for a captain and sab-liestanant of the lea seeigmay of the 10th legion et the national gawk Usk pleas yesterday. There were 162 votes fa the lot, and 78 for the mond. The two mode. rate astadiates foe the captaincy had 84 and 39, and the midis' candidate only 28. For the sub lisodomanny there were only two candidatse. The atedosate andidate had 67 votes, and the socialist eandliiis way 11. A tits eased ffie Rolland, was lainOlis7l ea the 10th at 'Teaks, in presence of an Wailes@ moms, of spectators.. The naval autho rities were present, and the usual benediction was given to the vessel by the Abbe rub', chaplain to the naval hospitaL A dnaathl ere broke out a few days Apes in the eorantuas N Burnhaapt le Haut, Iles 'thin e which eoesetnod nearly 100 bosses, with the whole of the coperty they onatained rood e4eaerstaseee, iat who r They beloaged to SPAIN. TM Espana or Madrid. of the 6th. corrects ease eadeereate what' bare beet Wished la &Weed =ll2 the =time the Baglish sad the Spanish goverment. Tide joer=ree that no ditive propoeldat has yet Um wade to the goveremeat, and that neither Lord Pd—#a aor Lord Bowden has War head's the mar. Barmatas 6.—Tbroo pot Orr., 311 ft Bath 88 11 - 16 abb. Pfsas Orr ., 111. Five per Cu.,Ca 141 efiee &lss, 141 papaw. Nara% 8 ; after Bobo. 1441 we, lienivere. 4 1-16 ; after Bobo, 41.16 wt. Boat of Bt. Feeilammi, 911. Iseteeace ea London, 60,44. ITALY. vines. The Baud of Healtot Veda., b 7 dame of the sad, Wen that all merchandise coming from s port Inlaid& abeam prevails shall be subjected to Ave dale smalbsy ebeervades. LOMBARDY. The Woo Goodiestain that tie Antrisa mern. mat los saukestiad M. Pals/Wog sad the Frisch advocate M. Boadli. NAPLES. A latter ham Palermo states that the trial of the le palest atoolod before the Criminal Court had emisiadsi by ths mmaittal of 13, tho modesme.tion to the baths at I, aad to death of b. At NopiNg e =als, smog oeloars of the army, mad tour have boss dismissed. • 11, int I it, 1