The Express. — London, England, 1855-01-13 00:00:00

the Emperor of RusstA, to argue such a question. pi et bmg but vigour and perseverance en the part of the Allies is required to confirm . him in his yielding see d. The Allies have it in their power to impose s pace upon Russia that will ensure Europe against e re p e tition of Muscovite encroachments for a long tract o f years. Deep will be the disgraos of the w o men Powers if, matters standing as they do, they allow themselves to be cajoled or outwitted into btting Ruvsis off upon more easy terms than they are evidently in a condition to exact.—Daily News. INDUSTRIAL PATHOLOGY. Br the division of labour, or rather by the oom-1 hination of labour and the division of employments, the thiegs produced are far superior to those re. su iting from any other system of work. When suc h member of a community specially dedicates himself to one kind of industrial pursuit, he is p r etty cct min to excel in his particular branch, however deficient he may be in all other respects. B ut , is %TV are beginning to see in England, the members of a community who carry out the system o f divided employment are not in the end more stupid or worse informed than others. In fact, in the conies of time they excel them in all re spects; for close attention to any one task, sad close imikectioa of its difficulties and re quirementr. lead to the invention of machinery which oh:— do the purely mechanical work, and thus was to the intellectual machine, man, that put only .n which intellect is chiefly required. The stew._ engine, the spinning -machine, and we hope we t : .y soon say the sewing -machine, perform the work which is, in a certain sense, unworthy of human l.Lour. The manufacturing districts show ns that th. intelligence of our countrymen is not diminiabi. , _. Neither—ilthough the uninformed often assert the contrioy, is the general health diminished by this n., ;hod of labour. The statistics of the Registrar-t mm' and the Friendly Societies make it evident that the rate of mortalityrind ill-health among Vie present race of Englishmen is very mach less than among their grandfathers. Special diseases, nowever, as might naturally be sup posed, accompany special employments. The Society of Arts have set themselves a special employment, which we hope may bring with it no corre sponding malady; for it is the investigation of the matter we have just mentioned, viz., the pant( der diseases accompanying particular handicraft employments. A committee of their body was appointed to inquire into what they call " industrial pathology." They, however, do not take a particular employment and find out the disease it produces ; but they begin with par ticular disease, and find out what work probes it. They have just made their report WM " injuries from handicraft work to the ere.' It is very gratifying to find a non-medical misty directing i' 4 attention to matters of this kind; sad the &Rio: of Arts, from its natural connexion with adages h 4 industrial pursuits generally, enjoys some alvii.itages in this investigation. We were not prepared rw the fact which the report discloses, that the eye it. not often directly injured by handicraft operations. Many affections seem due simply to ignorance neglect of well-known hygienic laws, and all seem capable of being met by simple, cheap, and univ, Nally attainable means, without any alter ation in the modes of manufacture, or interference with the misters. As to over-use the report says: The gum.. ni whether the eye, or any of the other organs of Kam, is . .pable of improvement ia proportion to its ass, or whet er, like a human mechanical contrivance, it wears one r•y employment, is a very serious one. A great deal of our • induct in daily life depends on the way we anr•'r it t.. ourselves. It is probable that the "wearing out" contra •ed is the popular saying with " rotting out" Is often (4..17 attributed to the human body, end that per fectly he al.:. organs are made more efficient by u►e—pro• tided that iiich use does not diminish the nutrition of the system; bet at the same time, local injury is certainly ex-' preened in many parts of the body, especially the rye, by weeklog to . long hours. The explanation appears to be this, via that after the body her been long employed, audit mien vigour •lose not remain in each sepiolite organ to en• able it to do its duty—it cannot be called healthy after the general strength has been exhausted. " Overwork " meals working with eke eye in an unnatural condition. Too much light on the eye, too little light on the work (as is the cue of sewing black materials), a flickering nail unsteady light, heat, mechanical injury from partie; es getting under the eyelid, and chemical fames--th,,ugh the effect of these last seems generally very sligh , —are the chief causes of affections of the sight. Smoking short pipes seems to be a very efficient e 3 ....destroyer : A shorai,ser, a voracious smoker, having been compelled to apply, ttir ugh the failure of his sight, to the celebrated occulist, D. Alexander, this gentleman, immediately held the hem • of the wretched sufferer before his °beer wallas, eadurricil, • Why, you Dave brought this all upon yeureelf. You are year own eye•ilestroyer ! That short pipe which you stick it your lips is doing it all. Throw that hal and filthy thing .side ! There can he no remedy for you until you drop tbi • vile propensity. Why, man, you are burning your very ey. halls out of their sockets." So he told him, and then and afterwards he did what he could for his patient ; all unavailingly as regarded a complete tee taration of •eght ; and now, in his visual benightedness, be ii compelled to sell matches in the 'treats of London. • • • • • A- the habit is indulged in duriag the long work ing hours 01 week after week, the bowl of the pipe closely sidelirg up ogsiast the leather-like cuticle of the right or left click, a• it may be, the fine nervous system of the eye, at has sieney been mentioned, must even be more offended and damaged, and eventually, perhaps, completely destroyed. Olasaes and shades for lamps, spectacles, wire gauze eye-guards, good ventilation, and such simple means, arc considered sufficient for preventiog moat affections of the eye caused by handicraft operations. The report is neither very full nor very striking, as the commit :es themselves state ; but it is a move in the right direction, and for that reason we wish to draw attei,tion to it. We have given a relsurne of it is another part of our columns.—Daily News. ARCHDEACON DENISON. V) Tlll IDITOR OP Till DAILY ?IRWR. Sist,—May I request the favour of the publication of the enclosed in the Daily News of Saturday next? I am, &c., GEORGE ANTHONY DENISON, Archdeacon of Taunton. East Brent, Jan. 11. The proposition selected by the Clevedon Com missioners for special condemnation is this, "that to ill who come to the Lord's table, to those who eat and drink worthily, and to those who eat and drink unworthily, the Body and Blood of Christ are given; and that t 7 all who come to the Lord's table, by those who eat and drink worthily, and by those who at and drink unworthily, the Body and Blood of Christ are received." The Commissioners have omitted to state, or even to allude to, certain words, the omission of which cannot have failed to mislead the public, notwith standing that these words, or words equivalent to them, are connected with the substance of the above proposition in no fewer than twenty-eight places in the three sermons. „This act of the Commissioners is the more extracts'. " 4 ! , ry because their attention had been distinctly finned to this particular omission by my counsel when spsakieg upon the subject. The words that I refer to u what ought to have i _ . twon appended to the above proposition are the fol. wig That the effect, efficacy, power, or operation of the that; 111 2, liven and received may be onto life, Si is the ow of Tees who receive worthily; or may be unto death, as in IN ease of the.. who receive unworthily. Ins diet the Commisionere have exonerated me °MI all imputation of Romanian. Whatever the value of this declaration on their part might have been,it is effectually destroyed by the unfairness of the earlier portion of their report. FRANCE. OP THD DAILY laws) PARIS, FIUDAY I find to-day in the general tome of the French mere, and of the government journals more cape ally, in the continued silence of the Monitenr, and the opinions expressed in court circles, the fullest confirmation of the opinion intimated in my two last letters that the "acceptant*" by Ramis, of the four risk is a diplomatic manoeuvre, and not a serious sacertare for peace. In the Constitartionisal, Y. Grassier de Cassagnac, who of late only writes upon great occasions, laughs at the idea of peace, unless the Emperor of Russia sally means to wades, that he has been wrong from lie beginning, and is at length "enlightened and subjugated" by the " wisdom" of Napoleon 111. An article in the Darats explains (what was an ap parent enigma) how it may have been that Russia has literally accepted the four points, while reserving fur discussion and equivocation all the most important parts of the question at hone. The .I.)bats says that when the interpretation of the four points, as agreed upon by the Three Powers, was read to Prince Gortchakoff, there was a very "animated discusaion," turning principally upon the "advantages expected to be derived from operations of war before preliminaries were signed." Against the verbal explanations of what this advantage might be (including, it is said, the destruction of Sebastopol and the fort of Ismail, on the Danube), Gortchakoff energetically protested. The order he subsequently received, to accept the four points as the basis of negotiation, implied no waiver of this " energetic protest," because it is evident that the main thing the two powers are fighting for is not laid down in these famous four points, but merely alluded to as a probable consequence from them. What more can be necessary to prove that the pacific negotiations are a farce? We read in the Constifutionnel :—" According to information, which we believe to be correct, the indi rect revenue for the month of December exceeded by more than four millions that of the corresponding month of the preceding year. This increase, which more than makes up for the decrease in previous mouths, will bring up the receipts of the year to a sum Equal to that of 1853, and will realise the cal culations made in drawing out the budget of 1854." The Bourse was heavy. The Rente tell 40c., dos ing at 66fr. 70c. Railways fell flow 2fr. 50e. to Lfr., and Bank of France, notwithstanding the favourable returns, remained stationary. From the monthly debtor and creditor account of the Bank of France, made up to Thursday, the 11th inst., it appears that the metallic reserve has de. creased during the past month 33,47,1,825 f. The notes in circulation have increased 22M22,900f. in l'aris, and decreased 710,20 K in the departments. The Treasury account current has iccreased 6,232,8801., and those of private indiv iduals have increased 15,443,527 f. in Paris, and decreased 3,572,722 f. in the departments. A telegraphic deepatch from Vienna, dated this day, says :—" A lineal= corps has taken np a posi tion in the Dobrutacha, at Toaltscha and Bahedagh, in order to hinder the embarkment of the Turkish troops for the Crimea." (7101‘ TER THE EMPEROR'S FAREWELL TO THE IMPERIAL GUARDS. The following appears in the Patrie of yesterday evening : Yesterday and the day before, the Emperor assembled at his table all the officers of the detachments of the Imperial Guards leaving for the Crimes, under the command of M. le General libriek. The dinner partook of the enthusiasm excited in all hearts by the simple and beautiful harangue pr-itiounced at the review. The cordial and distinguished reception given to the brave officers of the Guard by the Emperor and Empress could not fail to call forth anew the sentiments of fidelity and of generous ardnar which signalised the memorable review of the 7th of January. After slimier the Emperor' and Ensprcei kindly min. pled with the groups of the guests, addressing words of sympathy to each of these brave men. At the mement of departure, the Emperor, raising his voice, and in accent fall of emotion, uttered, some weeds, the latter pertion of which were as follows :—" Go," said his Majesty, "my thoughts will follow you in the distant country t o which you go to fi,:ht for the cause of right and for the country's ho nour. I shall be with you yet more when absent than when present." A unanimous cry of " Vice l'Empereur !—Vove retries !" greeted these wort's, which will remeiu graven on the hearts of the officers of the Guard, and the remembrance of which will especially be with them when under the fire of the enemy. After the dinner of the Tuileries, the Emperor presented to tech one of the officers of the Guard who had had the honour of losing admitted to his table a magnificent pelisse, lined with fur. We can well understand with what •cnti ments of gratitude each officer received this gift—this new and touching proof of the solicitude of the Emperor for the brave defenders of the country. Before marching to the terminus of the Lyons railway, the detachments assembled under the windows of the Emperor at the Tuileries. There, in the presence of a crowd, which joined its acclamations to those of our brave soldiers, the air resounded with enthusiastic cries of " Vivo l'Empe reur !" From the height of the balcony the Emperor re sponded in waving an adieu. HER MAJESTY'S THANKS TO THE FRENCH TROOPS. The Times gives the following u a translation of a " general oi4er " issued by General Canrobert upon the receipt of the Queen's I)eepatch upon the con duct of the French troops at the battle of hiker mann : GENEHLL °RIAU. The Commander-in-Chief is happy to have to communi cate to the troops the expressions, moist honourable for our arms, in which her Majesty the Quern of England appro. elates their conduct at the battle of lokermanr. The Queen has remarked with grateful eatiarattiot the vigour with which the troops of her ally, the Emperor of the French, came to the assistance of the divisions of the English army engaged in so unequal a combat. Her Ma jesty is profoundly erosible , of the cordial co-operation of the Commander-in-Chief, General Canrobert, and of the valiant conduct of that distinguished officer, Gen. Bosquet. She behold. in the cheers with which the soldiers of the two nations mutually encouraged each other during the action proots of the reciprocal esteem which this campaign and the traits of hr yit has produced have given rise to on both sides. Her Majesty the Queen of England could not praise in • more fisttering manner the attitude of the army at the battle of lukermann. In marching to the aid of our brave allies we fulfilled a duty which they themselves would fulfil towards us with that valour we know they possess, and so many proofs of which wit have witnesse d with our own eyes. Head-quarters before Sebastopol, Dee. 28. The Commander-in-Chief, CANROBERT. (Countersigned) Tan GINZILAL Cuter OF THE Sian. FOREIGN ENLISTMENT PROHIBITED AT HAMBURG. OP Tall DAILY reswa.) HABIBURG, JAN. 9. • What I wrote you in my last in denial of the newspaper paragraph, cite Tartare, of the formation of a British enlistment office in this city, I am en abled to-day to confirm folly. As far hack as the year 1816, the Senate of Hamburg published a de wee forbidding the enlisting of soldiers on Ham burg territory for any foreign government, under heavy pains and penalties. It is probably in con sequence of the false reports circulated in the Ger man papers that the Senate have thought proper to publish in their official gazette. the Hamburg Carre- Cart, a renewal of the prohibition, which settles u f ee l4 tion. The decree rune as follows : The supremo t3saate of the free flanseetic City of Ham burg finding It nassmary to renew the repeatedly published regulations eigaimet die enlistment of men for foreign mili tary N o maims so ibliews. I. No ems Is genaltled to enlist men for foreign military monMe in this oity and rri its tetory. Whoever is convicted ef enlisting, either publicly or in private, will be immedi ately arrested sad imprisons!. and if he should happen to be a stranger, his_will be haaished from the territory end severely muddied if Mover return again. Any person not baying d and irectlyin enlisted reernita, but convicted of haring sewed/ directly erstravened this ordinance by aid ialf_sti elsellallot _sabers is the en listment of troops for a meg pewee. sem be raddled is the same moaner as if a Ibe WINO a sebrilpel. Strangers against whom even a well. groaadadlimpielia al mintraveniag this ordinance be enter tained. will We kW" be permitted to remain in the cdty , mil Alld lis I S. ierel inhabitants of the city s ad territory, more isepeetauy OWSUS of hods sad lOdliarbOnees for (raw( Till THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 13, 1855. strangers, are hereby seriously warned sod expressly for• bidden to reeve as inmates all persons known or 'wooed of enlisting recruits either directly or indi►ectly. On the contrary, they are bound to communicate immediately to the pulite soy tugpicionv or facts that may come to their knowledge, ander the penalty of making themselves liable to the above-mentioned punishments, sad being cossidend as tidal and abettors of the contravenients. _ homes. As soon as the Aeon got alongside the dockyard those of the sick sad wounded who Required to be taken to the hospital were conveyed there on stretchers. They were 17 M number. With the exception of three, all these were cues of sickness, chirfly diarrhera. There is a remarkable difference between the bearing of the who on o;,:k and time who are wounded. The LW! Gives in our council, Harnburi;:fol.TlBss. I may here add, that the reports of an enlistment office being opened at Frankfort-on-the-Maine are equally fallacious. There are in that city even much older laws on the subject than at Hamburg, u they extend back to 31st Number, 1733, and 19th Sep camber, 1763, and the punishments for infringing them are even more severe than ours at Hamburg. are ebeerful, and joke elicit vt'uir about their maimed or lost limbs ; but the former look quite exhausted, are worn down to skeletons, and wear altogether a most pitiful ap poems*. The troops remain on board tonight, and will forwarded out to-morrow to Chatham. The Avon shared In the destruetive effects of the great harricane in the Black Bet. Her paddle-boxes are stove in, sad her misenmast cut away. Is other respects she is in good condition and order, Ming mask cl than the Himalaya was when she came home. The Avon's dates are the same as those of the filampson.'eteam (effete. The Marley Hill No. 169), steam transport, soiled to.dny for the Crimea. ITALY. A contemporary annou;ces that the Sardinian government has signed the protocol of April last. If the protocol of April 9th be meant, it is the same which Prussia signed so unprofitably nine months ago. It is not affirmed that the Sardinian govern ment has adhered to the treaty of the following day, April 10, by which France and England engaged to bring forces into the field against Itussin.—Daily News. The Esk, 20, screw ship, Captain Birch, lift Spitbead, to day, on a trial cruise for two or three days. She has had several trials at the measured mile, but t%ese do not appear to have bean satisfactory so far as bar machinery is concerned. The craw of the BI eaheim, 60, screw ship, Captain Hall, in be paid wages to-morrow. DENMARK. The Conitnender.in•Chief, Vice• Admiral Sir T.l. Coch rane, went out to Seithead to-day and inspicted the Geyser, 6, paddle sloop, on her being completed for sea service. VlOlll THE III? OP TIM DAILY COPENHAGEN, JAN. 7. DUBLIN, lAN 12. Although Count Spouneck's appointment as Direc tor-General of the Customs has not failed to give great dissatisfaction is some quarters, and even to excite suspicions of the honest intentions of the pre sent Cabinet (for your readers will remember that he was Minister of Finance in the late administra tion), yet it must be confessed that he is an efficient man of business and has obtained a great insight and experience in the mysteries of the Danish finances, the tariff, and the custom-house regulations, best adapted to the character and disposition of the Danes. It must also not be overlooked that though his appointment is an influential one and naturally commands a good deal of patronage, yet it can scarcely be called a political office, and is moreover under the immediate control of the Minister of Finances. • Yesterday morning, at 3 o'clock a.m., the Duke or Cornwall steamer arrived h ere f rom Portsmouth, twelve on board 66 women and 140 children, the wives'ani off spring of the le.sh soldiers lately transferred to the Crimaa from Corfu, Malta, and other places M the Mediterranean Sea. On being landed at the quay, the entire party were taken in charge by officials appointed for the purpose: and they will be immediately forwarded, at the cost of the government, to their respectin destinations in t3Rti and country. A Clonmel paper reports in the following satirfertory terms on the genuine military ardour which prevail. in Tipperary. Recruiting, both for the militia and the regi , manta of the line, is proceeding with much vigour in this town. Scarcely a day p . but a dozen &lashing Tema fellows. willing to serve their Queen and country in the hour of peril, flock around the royel standard. There are, on an average, about 100 a week enlisted in Clonmel. Since Saturday last about twenty recruits have been atttsted before his worship the Mayor. The draft from the 14th Regiment, sow in Cork barrack. awaiting the arrival of the Prinee.. Royal, consists of the following oftlem and men —Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Warsue, Ca;:tnin Newman, Lieutenants Warren, Hall, Saunders, and Doti., Ensigns Armstrong and Brdley, 4 sergeants, 4 corporal., 1 dreamer, and 131 "Airfares. The draft from the 91st Regiment embarked at Cork yesterday morning for Chatham, par the Falcon steamer. It c.nsista of I officer (L'aut. °Navy), 2 aroma., 3 corporals, 2 drum mere, 153 privates, with S women and 7 children. Hon. Mr. Crofton and Mr. Graham, both midshipmen on board the St. J. an d'Aere, were unable to proceed in her to the Crimea, having been away from Cork on the day of her arrival in the harbour. Mr. Creagh, who was mats of the St. Jean d'Aere, was in time to proceed in her. Mewl. Crofton and Graham will ho allowed to embark in the Princess Royal. Ministers are very tench engaged at this moment in working out the details of the bills to be laid before the parliament. I am able to confirm what I mentioned in my ' last, that the department of Foreign Affairs has been offered to the Danish envoy in London, General von Oxholm ; bat it is not yet known a Nether he will accept the post. Till a successor is definitively found Herr von Scheel will con•inuo to hold the portfolio. Though but imperfectly acquainted with the French language he understands enough to be able to confer with the foreign envoys accredited here, by whom he is personally much liked and uni versally respected. To-morrow the court tots into mourning for a month for the deceased Princess Caroline of Hesse: The King came to town yesterday from Fredericks borg, spent the day in pheasant shooting in the royal preserves on the island of Amager, and entertained a large party of nobles end members of the Chambers at the castle of Chriatianaborg to dinner in the evening. The submarine telegraph from Elsinore to Helsing berg in Sweden was opened to the public on New Year's•day. The cable was laid at the expense of Denmark, and, according to the treaty with Sweden, the Dance have a telegraph station at Helaingborg. Owing to this improvement telegraphic messages can now be sent direct and without any break from Stockholm to hamburg. NAVAL AND MILITARY. ADMIRALTT,JAN.I2.-PROMI E. P. Chariewood (1810), promoted to the rook of captain. Lieutenant. P. N. Clerk (1020) mud It. Joachim (1810, promoted to the rank of commanders. AVPOlNTMENTll.—Lieutesisuts ft. Roche, to the Archer 14, screw steam sloap. of 202-hcree power, at Lit ; E. T, Made (1841), 8.. Douglas, B. C. T. Price, J. K. Simecie (1850), end M. K. Pechcll (1852), to the Orion, 80, screw steam frigate, at Chatham. Muter J. B. Hill (1815), to the Orion._ flargcm T. W. Jewell (1838), to V s Desperate, 8, Serf steam sloop, of 400-horse power, at liull. Fifty wounded non-oommissioned officers and gunners and drivers of the Royal Artillery sent home from the Crimes arrived at the Arsenal station of the North Kent Railway at 12 noon yesterday, and were conveyed im. enedietely to the Ordnance Hospital, where every attention will be paid to them. Captain Smyth's company, Gth battalion Royal Artillery, arrived in the garrison at Woolwich on Thursday evenieg from Ipswich, having been ordered to head Quarters to form the right wing on the new 32-pounder field battery. A considerable number of tine young men, res emits, continue to arrive at Woolwich garrison several time in the week from the country, and also a number of rolun teen from the militia corps. ronTsmouru, Jaw . 11 The Sampson, 6, paddle-wheel steam-frigate of 167 horse-power, Capt. Lewis T. Jones, arrived at Spithead early this morning from the Crimea and Malta. She left Malta on the 30th of December, arrived at Gibraltar Jan. 4, and left on the 6th for England. This ship, it will be recol leeted, !warred most severely from the effects of the great gale in the Black Sea, when so many transports were lost or disabled. She bears evidence of the severity of the tria l to which she was put. When the gale was at its highest' the transports (No. 1 and 2), Pyrenees and Ganges, came down upon her in company, having fouled, and within the space of a minute her three masts, bowsprit, and figure head were all vrried clean away. It was a matter of astonishment that the ship did not go down from the concussion. That she did not Is mainly owing to the presence of mind of Captain Jones and the efficiency of his officers and crew, joined to the feet that the Sampson had steam up in anticipation of the gale, and by which the was enabled to force her way between the two transports, separating them from each other. The crash is described as being terrific. The Setup. son has come home under jury masts, put into her at Malts, and in place of her own figurehead she has had mounted at her bows the figurehead of the Ganges, which was left by the latter vessel on board the Sampson at the time of the crash. In addition is these injuries from the violence of the weather this ship has a number of shell and cannon shot marks which she received at Odessa and Sebastopol. She is, however, still a noble ship, and will well repay the cost of a refit. She has come home without her guns. Two of them were landed at Balaklava for the use of the naval brigade before Sebastopol, end the ether four were left at Malta for any servicelor which they may be re quired. The boilers of this ship require repairs, but she still has made a fine passage home, averaging about 10 knots per hour from Malta. It is expected she will be' sent to Woolwich for repairs. The Spiteful and Ardent were at Malta when she left, and the Hada, 6, paddle sloop, at Gibraltar. The Mews, 14, screw sleep, Captain Farquhar, had arrived at Gibraltar from England, and gone on to the Black Sea. Oa the Ist of January a large three-decker laden with troops was passed—supposed to be the Neptune, 120. The Sampson has brought home 26 wounded and sick invalids from the fiat, comprising sea* men and marines ; also Lieutenant Rogers of the Arethusa, 50, and Mr. Kerr, midshipman, from the same ship. One of her own lieutenants, the Hon. M. H. Nelson, was left at Sebastopol, engaged in service in the trenches, with the naval bilged,. M. Crispi, an Italian avocet, the editor of the Maltese paper Stazelta, and expelled from Malta for a political offence, has bad a passage to England in the Sampson. The Avon, steam transport, arrived in harbour this morn ing item the Crimea and Malts. She has brought home 214 wounded and invalided soldiers from Scutari, nadir the direction of Mr. Tydd, Assistant-Surgeon of the 58th NAO. The °Blurs, all of whom are wounded, who have OM Mae by this 'hip are Major Macdonald, 92nd Regt, 9111999949ep to Brigadier-General Pennefether ; Captain Buller, Rifle Brigade; Lieutenant Sayer, 23rd Regt.; Lieutenant Ballet, 57th Rost ; and Lieutenant Carrie, 19th. The Avon has also brought home 25 distressed British subjects, seamen of ships wrecked in the gale in Slti Black Sea. These kits proceeded to their tosteatiy. LICENSED VICTUALLERS' METROPOLITAN AND !RITUAL DEFENCE ASSOCIATION. Last evenizs a wiry large meeting of the licensed T ; o t oo n ers of yill i cton and its vicinity took place at the Pied Dull, lipplr-strb^t, Iblington, to consider VA interests _ .. - of the trade generally. Mr. THORNTON, proprietor of the bogie, took the chair. lie stated that he was note member of either the Protection or the Defence Association. Having read the circular call ing the meeting, to said their object wag to take the best method to get rid of the law regarding early closing. Mr. POCITInt observed that the feelings of the meeting would be host shown by the resolution he had to propose. Ile felt there never was a time when the interests of the trade more required attention than at present. The resolution he would propose was, " That this meeting has every reason to believe the erections made by the New Defence Association have been and are likely to be of great advantage to the trade; and for this reason it does determine to increase its power by giving it its confidence and sup port." The only justification he could offer for bringing this society into eaistence was the neglect of another society which bad existed for 21 years, and of that journal (the Morning Advertiser) which ought to be their organ. Things had gone on quietly for some years ; but during the last si s alon of parliament there Lad been tears excited by the , recent closing act. There bad been a compromise, which was wrong, because it involved a want of principle. lie thought the existing laws against licensed •ictuallers sufficiently stringent, without the Beer Bill, for which there was no necessity. It was in• jurious to the trade, end annoying to the public. The Pro tection eel the Morning Advertiser having ne glected the trade, this society sprang into existence. Its objects are, To procure au immediate relaretion of the Act intituled An Act (Jr further regulatiug the Sale of Beer and other Liquors on the Lord's-day.' To obtain, as early as possible, a total repeal of such act. To take such steps for upholding and defending the interests of the trade as its exigencies may require, consistently with the neces sities ant convenience of the public. To raise a fund, by subscriptions and donations to carry out the foregoing objects. And, so soon es the trade shall be fairly represented by that journal, which belongs to many of its members, end protection afforded by societies established for that purpose, then to c•nsider the propriety of *mit d action for the future." The society had the good common sense of the trade with thi m, end be thought they would da a co:.eiderable amount of good. They had tr ied in work with th e manuzers of the . . Priateetion Seilety and the newspaper, but they had an objection to that society, as havieg compriunised the interests of the trail.) without consulting the whole body. It was ridiculous and contemptible to talk cf compromising with members of parliament. He did not think the trade were is a position to part with any hours of their time ; and although some might wish to else, they could have closed without an act of parliament. He would allude to the Blue Book, particularly to the evidence of Mr. Maber—he did nut know whether that gentlensen was in toe room—but would show that they ought to have opposed the Beer Bill. I Mr. Metier acid cheieg CH Sundays would be beneficial • and not iejurious to the trade, and that a large propertion bad signed in favour of closing on Sundays; but it bad been , fauna that only six had signed instead of nineteen, as stated. He (Sir. Maher) gave sac a reason far closing his house on Sundays fourteen year' ago, that " a feeling came over me I cannot describe." (•• Meer," and laughter ) Then, with regard to the evidence of Mr. Weyland, one en the City missionaries, who had come to the conclusion that there were mare persons in the public-houses and beer shops of Marylebone between 7 end 9 en Sunday evenings than in all the churches and chapels iu the parish, he would say that his statement was perfectly monstrous, par ticularly when he said there were sixty-one men and fifteen women at the bar of a gin-shop at one time. Now, he thought the Protection Society ought to have sifted the matter. The Defence Society had held meetings throughout the metropolis, and bad waited on the members of p irliament, only eshieg that the trade might remain as it was prev,ously to the passing of the late act. They were told that there might he alterations in the licensing system, but he hoped before any alterations were made that at leaet some better elite en might be adopted. The trade wished to oe as they were, but they would accept a moiety, er all they could get. Ile must, however, say they had just grounds of compleint against the Psotectien Society end the Morning Adeertiser ' for neglecting their interests, but for which this Defence 8 iciety would never have existed. This society was de termined to persevere until the objects it sought acre ac complished. (Cheers.) Mr. Tomsk, in seconding the resolution, said that the bill, as they ail knew, woo missed wry hastily by the Saba tartan party, assisted by the Protection ti.xiety. Three who prised the bill objected to the poor man taking a trip on a Sunday, but bad no objection to enjoy a ride in the narks en Sundeva. They objeccd to the poor mitt Writ. , his beer on Sundays, while they took wine at their clubs. It was shown that 15,157 passengers visited the li, , w station on Sunday', from May to Augues ; and from the railway report it was shown that there was but one wise of drunk. mien. Ho regretted that in compiaing of the ~.kritang Adeeettrer, there might be doing injury to the eearizies contiectel with it ; but their complaints arms from its not being conducted for the benefit of the trade, and ti i respeosihdity the re fore re t it with those who mismanaged it. (" Hear, hem," and cheers.) Mr. GURNEY contended that Mr. Foster was not serving the trade by creating this disseesion. it was impossible to prevent the bill from immix. They ',rivet to get unity of ammo, and tl.e bill would not be repealed by the Licensed Victuallers wince unless the public complained. lie would recommend unanimity. Mr. HARRIS said probably it would be desirable to be al as one, but the Protection Society bad refused to take his money and that of several others. They bad evidently been afraid that there was something " looming in the future." Now he (Mr. Harris) would be happy to receive the sub. mription of every eentleman connected with the Protection Society, who could then come to any meeting, to complain if th. y could discover any ground. Mr. GUleoltY moved as an amendment "That a depute. n of the Protection Society meet the Defence Association with a view to amalgamation." Mr. Daxsts imoonilkd. Mr. WATTS said he had been 21 year, in the trade, and was decidedly in favour of the Protection Society. He had taken more money on Sundays since the bill had Fused than he did before. Mt. Ctattx. regretted the difference, when all should be as united as possible. That the paper had not pleased the trade he would 'omit. He would say if not well served by the paper let the committee discharge these who did not manage it properly, and get better servants. Mr. FOSTER in reply said he could fully appreciate unity of action, arid would show that the Defence Society had taken steps to promote it He then read the folowieg letter from the Secretary of the Defence Assocation to the Secretory of the Incorporated Society : " Metropolitan and Provincial Licensed Victual] rs' Mutual Defence Association, 101, Fleet-street, let November, 1834. " Sir,—l am instructed by my committee to plate myself in communication with you as the accredited officer of the incorporated Society of Licensed Victuallers, respecting the recent decision of the quarterly court of that society, having reference to the Morning Advertiser, and to request you will place my letter before your board for its consideration. From the absence of information to the corgrary, my corn- , mates is naturally led to presume that it is not intended to I net u; on the resolution wised at such court, until after the confirmation of the minutes of proceedings which then took place ; and I am therefore directed to inquire whether, if such to the Casa, it is props ed by your beard to leave the turner consideration of the matter until the qualerly meeting in January next, or to convene a special court for the purpose, or as to what other course your board de• termines to adopt in regard thereto. I am at the , same time further directed to observe, that my committee, whilst taking those measures which it bite con sidered the interests of thu trade imperatively demanded, and being pledged as it is 11 a large body of subscribers energetically to carry out the objects set forth, would gladly recognise the occurrence of soy opportunity for the union of opposing sections of the trade on a basis that should secure mutual interests in the present, and safety from legislative aggressions in the future. To evidence this, this committee would suggest the arrangement of an interview between a certain number of its body and a corresponding number of your board, whereat the various matters in question might be dispassionately discussed, and their several influences on the position and prospects of the trade fairly considered. My c o mmittee, it is right I should inform you, make this propositme without prejudice, but with eke earnest desire impartially to regard the points at issue ; and that while it considers the vote of your proprietary body as binding on your board, it would wish to avoid any act that might ap peal to evidence a desire to carry out that determination with inconvenient haste. Awaiting your acknowledgment of the receipt of this letter, I am, yours respectfully, " T. C. BARHAM, Secretory. " To Mr. W. Sinn:lay, Secretary to the Incorporated Society of Licensed Victuallers." He contended that they had steadily endeavoured to pro mote union. Many of the greatest public measures—Roman Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Bill, the Repeal of the Corn Laws, drc.—had been passed by out of door" agitation. There were many parties who were connected with the committee of the Morning Advertiser who were thriving patsonkl advantage (rem the present state of things. At the meetings of the Incorporated Society matters were met with personalities insteadof fair argument. Whenever the Protection Society, or the Incorporated Society, chose to throw down the olive branch, the Defence Association would be glad to take it up; but the Defence Association had thrown down the olive branch, and it had been refused. The man who was an lab tual drunkard he would Madly condemn, but he did not consider that such parties should be the MUM of annoyance to the community at large, and he knew that licensed victuallers as a body repu diated the habitual drunkard. (Hear. hear.) So long as they had such men as Alderman Wire and Alderman Challis to represent them, so long would the Manworm s irit exist ; but no doubt it would ultimately be followed by a heoltby reaction. (Cheers.) The ottestien having been put, there appeared— For the amendment 3 Against it 26 For the original motion 34 Against it Thanks having been accorded to the Chairmen, which nag seemded by Mr. Clark, a member of the Protection Society, and carried unanimously, seem' gentlemen jointd, bt Difeuce A.,,aciatiot, and the Meeting broke nr, Ar FRENCH DEMONSTRATION AT DOVER IN AID OF THE PATRIOTIC FUND. Thursday last (says the Dover Chronicle of this day) was a slay to be remembered at Duer in connect:an with one of the most interoting events, nationally con sidered, and the m: st intvresting of a local nature, that the present alliance of England and France--so fruitful in happy results—bas yet brought forth. On that day, u had been previously announced, the splendid band of our close neighbour on she opposite side of the Channel, the munici• pality of Calais, and the gentlemen of the Choral Socit ty of S. Omer, gave a grand musical demonstration, in the Town. hall of this plav, in aid of the Patriotic Fund. It was a striking illustration of the entente rordtafe ex isting between the two countries; and it acquired addi tional interest tram the circumstance of the cit4ens of Calais and Dover occupying towns IV MI to each other than any other paces upon oppopita sides of the English and French coasts. At an early hour the French colours were hoisted in all parts of the town. From the Town-ball and other pub lic buildings immense tri-colcura were flying; the shipping in the harbour was gaily decorated with the flogs of nations, the French precLantieetietc, while from private houses in alm st every street might be seen the ensigns of the two countries, with appropriate mottoes and de vices, including a large display of theinitial tt N," areothed I with laurels. Lines of flags extended acroes many of the streets; and as the day wore on many of tho shops wore closed, for the Mayor had requested a suspension cf bull am, so that this red-letter day for the town of Dover might be thoroughly observed by ali classes. Shortly bet. re 11 o'clock the whole of the gentlemen of the Band of Colitis, and of the Choral Seeley of St. Omer, formed into procession in order to walk to the Guildhall, where it was arranged that they should be met by the mayor and corporation. The procession started, preceded by two of the Calais Municipal Guards. ono beariug the tscilard of England, aid the other the municipal nog of Calais. The French Consul, acconsparde d by the Cal tail of the Calais Band, and the President of the Choral S cis y, ite., was followed by the bond of the Staffordshire Militia ; after which came the French band and the Choral Society. Each band played alternately, and the procession was cur. rounded by an immense concourse of people, which in creased as it proceeded. Arrived at the Guild hall, where the mayor, corporation, and the gentlemen of the Patriotic Fund Committee, as well as the magistrates, Captain Herrick, It N., the officers of the garrison, and tome of the principal inhabitant?, were waiting to receive them, they were whitened by the mayor 'in acknowledge meat of the sympathy and kind foaling which bad prompted their visit to Dover. The director of the Calais band Ti. flied in a complimentary speech, congratulatory of the alliance of the two armies. The gre t feature of the occasion, the concert, was looked forward to with much piety/re. By the erection of a lam gallery it was computed that the Town ball would be made to afford accommodation fur from 1,000 t) I,soo.pernms, and from the sale cf the tickets it was concluded that quite that number would be present. Early in the day it was stated that tickets were realising an enormous premium ; and long before the hour for which the concert was filed not a ticket was to be obtained for any co nsideratico The bout fixed for the commencement of the concert wa• seven o'clock, hut long before this time had areived specta tors began to pour into the hell. The eta of Dover and the neighbourhood assembled. The execution of vocalists and I Wag much . .- admired, - and their performance was frequently interrupted by the plaudits of the audience. At the conclusion the Mayor called on the audience f three cheers for the Em peror and Empress of the French, and the hall rueg with loud acclamations. The feet by the whole strength of the orchestral corps was rapturously applauded. It was sung in English, and formed a grace ful close t 3 the kind and laborious exertions of the gentlemen who haddevotel their services to such a noble object. The band numbered fifty-four performer', and the Chotal Society forty-fire. Thus was concluded one of the most interesting events which bas been witnessed in the town of Dover by the pre sent generation. IRELAND. DUBLIN, Jas. 12 A complete panic has been caused in the provision trade of Cork by the news of the peace negotiations. It appears to have specially affected the pork market, but the prices of wheat and oats have also gone down considerably. The Mayor of Cork has issued a warrant for the apprehension of a flour dealer wbo had been detected in the adulteration of floor with barytes and several deleterious substances. It is now intimated in Cork that the Lord Lieute nant will not visit that city for the present, and that there will be no formal opening of the Atheoreum there. It is thought, however, that his excellency may be able to pay the city a visit in the course of next summer. Mr. Sharman Crawford, the patriarch of tenant right, has published a long letter on that subject in the Irish papers. Twelve ships, freighted with grain for the Eng lish and Scotch markets, sailed from the Shannon this week. VIENNA, JAN. B.—The Doke and Duchess of Brabant left tbis morning by towels train for Wats, to visit the Archduke John. The Empress accompanieo them to the railway station. SOCIALIST MaunaTioN.—The Satut Public of Lyints states that, on tlu 29th iost., fifty pawns belonging for the most part to the working verbs, era to lees that . city to go an join M. Cabot in Irszia. - • TRADES WHICH AFFECT TEE LIES. The Committee of the Society of Arts on Indus trio' Pathology, consisting of Dr. T. K. Chutabtra (re porter), Mr. J. Simon, F.B, and M-. T. Twining, jun. have just made their first annual redort to the c utell o the society. The report is this year directed to one organ only—the eye, and comprises communications from Mr. White Cooper, Mr. J. Diroa, Mr. Irene,, Dr. Gibb, and other ophthalmic surgeons,*as well as from some manufac turers and working men. The following is a resume' of the report: 1. That the following classes of &Misses are exposed to injury of the eyes from chips, splintets, dust, grit, or fluff, iris., engineer., masons, stooecutters, cola brei.key., brick layer., soda water bottlers, turners, fitters, huutuermen and smiths, maim", railway guards, rock blasters and quar rymen, millers, chimney-sweeps, workers in cotton, flak dressers, leather-cleaners, drug pietism (especially in grinding blistering dies), shoemakers own breaking of the awl) • and that the following appli swees ha ve b een found u seful in preventing the ill comequiuees of such ex posure, vac, for those liable to blows item huge portions of hard suhitsuces, such as stem breakers, de., coarse metal netting as eye guards, and for those exposed to the deer dust crape spectacles, while at the mime time free ventila tion of the apartments they work in would relieve much of the ine , nvenience. 2. That the following suffer firm the chemical retire of the substances which, in the shape of solid particles pet under the eyelids, via , bricklayers, workers in lime , strut Is ers in potash. No special preventive at ems to 'be here point , :d out be yond the placing within reat.h of the workibeit the reody means of immediately cle,riling the parts ..ith pore water. some such apparatus as that described in Mr. W I.ite Coo per's communication might be placed in the workshop or perintt Ltlect's office. (The action of chemical fumes, strictly to called, h is not been reported to cause injury ) 3. That the following suffer from cams of light or glare priceeding from the materi4 used, Iris., furnace gliders, bnokhindere. No practical remedy for this inconvenience has he-u sug grate, as spectacles which intercept the . light would dimi nish the efficiency of the workman. It may be observed thst there is a crest difference bet veen csces,iva illumini.tion of the work, and mem of light on tko eye. The letter is the most c-ininan, and is considered under a separde head 4. That the following suffer from deficiency of light, %iz., dressmakers, tailors, sempetresees, cobblers, and, in tact, nil who, having to direct the needle to a definite spot, arc unable to nisunand the requisite amount of direct ilia mination. 5. That the ill effects of deficiency of light" ore much ageravattd by working long on the same material or colour. 'Pte remedies 14 this and the foregoing evil are, increase of light and variety of work ti That flickering et 11.4 ht is a great evil, which is felt much by compositors and all who work at minute objects by gas illumination. Tie simple remcly for this is:the employmmt of glass chimneys. 7. It seems improper that an equal qusntity of artifc:al light should fill on the work and on the eves of the workman. If that is the care, the latter becorel oar ' strained. This evil, when it occurs, is easily obviated by ;hsees to the light, which defend the rye, and throw the illuminati-a nn the required object. The shades should hi made of white or 1L Ist coloured material, in as to r, fleet es much light as possible. Ground glass between the light and the worker is injurious, by intercepting and e itfuging the illuminati )n instead of din cling it on to the o b je ct. 8. It shuns doubtful whether heat and cold hive much ill induoncis over tie healthy eye ; hut ...hen it h in a week irritated condition, there is no doubt but that they are in . jurions.. . _ _ - - 9. Ilad ventilation, constrained postures., over-indulgence in spirituous liquors, the fumes of tobacco, and ell other violatieus of healthy habits, ere injurious to tti, cps at the same time ns to the rest of the bldy, and uµKr..vate the bed eff.ets of the shove-named indultrialUCCUPßtlo , % 10. The employment of the eye when the body is in an exhausted st.ite from want of food, prol, nu,4 wo:lting hours, mental distress, &c , even in handicrafts not of them selves pernicious is very detrimental to the organ. Su that the later periods of work are those which arc found most material's to weaken the sight and injure the eye. The shoftening of wnrkirg 'inure would proho! , ly be saving in the end to both master and artisan, fur the fusty execution of that which is completed with an imp lett organ must to a lass to the former, while the latter is ill remuni rated by slightly increased wages for the rick ill ness which he runs. 11. The diffusion of knowledge bearing on the health of artisans by means of class journals is wei thy of the serious consideration of the philanthropist. THE WAR, AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF POLAND. A crowded meeting, convened by the Mayor, was held in the Town-hall of Bridgewater, on WVIIRMia,I,I4, to consider tie du'y of Englishmen at the present time in relation to the nationality of Poland. The Mayor, Joni( Snowen, Esq., took the c h air. The Rev. S. A. SIEINEMAI, moved the first resolution, deelat ing : " That this meeting, deeply impressed with the import ance of the present war being concluded by such a peace elone as drill effectually check the a'gree'ive policy of Russia, and thus ensure the future tranquillity and freedom of Europe, would dreier') its opinion that this desirable end can be beet attained by the re-establishment of the independence of the Polhill cation." roe rev. gentleman rapidly traced the modern histney of Poland, and pointed out the mischief to mankind which had TElllll , *d from its iaiquitoue partitim, with tho cosacnt of the Western I'owers of Europe, and urged that as we hail net dime our duty in times gone by, it behoved us now, engaged in war with Itussir, to endeavour to repair that mischief by doing justice to Pelend. The *speaker alluded to Poland, as in past times, Wig/seated for ht r chi valrous love of liberty, for her advance in civilisation and literature, and for her tolerant episit in religious matters. It. Sterne. jun., Esq., forcibly etcended the resolution, pointing to the eggreasivo and gigantic strides which Russia ' had tali , n and wire taking, end declared that if not perma nently shut up in her natural barriers she would, like the barbarous hordes of olden time, overrun an( triituple down the tree tom of Europe. Mr. Smith called pop the people to speak out, they were in danger of being sold by the diplo macy of government if they allowed ministers during the recess of parliament to patch up a treaty of peace with Rug sic. He declared that in h's opinion the ministers, by their conduct, were the cause of the war, were guilty of the blood which had been spilt, end would be, unless the people spoke out, guilty of joining a treaty of no value in order to hatch up a false peace and blister them for a short time in their position a. ministers. (licar, hear.) The resolutieu having been carried, the mayor, after the cheering had eubsOlcd, introduced M. Zaire, a Polish Utile, tithe meeting. M. ZARA, in a speech of upwards of two hours' duration, feelingly and powerlally sketched the past and present position of his country, geographically, socially, politically, and religiousiy, and was repeatedly interrupted by burns of applause from the meeting. The Bridy , water 'limes, from which we ahridge our report, says that his !peak was listen. I to with the meet eager attention, and we can bear testimony that at few meetings have we witnessed greater enthusiasm and eager desire to carry cut the objects of the smatters than we remarked at the large me...0,g last evening. Bridgewater has taken op the questii n right heartily, and with her well known sturdiness will not turn back from the mark she has once desired to retch." An address was then read by Mr. STEINVIAL the opinisini of the meeting, and the following resolution ' was moved by Mr. J. It. Smith, seconded by Mr. Res•iter That the address now rend be signed by toe mayor on behalf of the meeting, and be forwarded by him to Lord Pelrnenon fir presentation." Mr. Rossi-rim, in seconding the shove, atteibatrd the whole of the bungling and mismanagement during the pre sent campaign to these who held the reins of government. Was the Earl of Aberdeen—who was the known friend to our bitterest enemy, the Emperor of Russia—a fit person to he at the head of the government? Was Sydney Herbert, who is the son of a RUM/Milady, fit to be the master of the War-office, who had remained inactive till war was com menced by Turkey herself, sod England was oblesid to help herb The speaker then drew a melancholy picture of the state of our troens alter the battle of lokermann, and ridiculed the idea of employing foreign mercenaries wheu a legion of Poles, who had an interest ha the cause, could be easily called around the English s'atplard—a noble ti, tun who wculd be fighting for their fatherland. Mr. STEINTHAL then read petitions which were in tended to he presented to bath houses of parliament. Mr. TAYLOR, in a short sperea, proposed the bellowing resolution That the petition read lie adopted by tea a meeting and signed, and to forwarded by the mayor, the one to the Bowe of Lords to the Earl of II irrowhy, end that to the House of Commons to the members Mr the Borough, reque-Ling them to support the prayer of the petition." The ['Bowing address of sympathy for the roles in this country was read by Mr. Steinthal: TO PRINCE ADAM CZARTORTSKI. " Sir,—The inhabitants of Bridgewater in public hell assembled, desire to approach you, and expras through yon to your follow eanntrymsn, the noble petriwa who have +offered in behqlf of Polish independence, ticir deep and sincere qympi.thy with their noble end patient persever ance in behalf of freedom during en many years of exile and distress. " They would express their earnest prayer that the dawn of batter days may be apnoacbing fur Poland, and hope that soon, a free nation governed by institutions framed accord ing to their own desires and neces-itiee, they may , be able to oppose a firm barrier against Itutsian desdutism and barbarism; with profound respect for all who have ben en gaged in the arduous struggle for independence, they would urge upon the Polish people the necissity of continued 'el:- sacrifice and self. . of all oppressed t wicked to prevail The following and soc)nded by . mosaly "That tie ' , theta on behalf at the • A vote of t iankt pedisigth f-devotion, and would commend the cause to that just God who will not au6er the it for ever." resolution proprisilt . ZINTUAL, by Mr. J. Mu 4 .• unsui - t' A Urns nowad t• Mayor ° matting, Cast- tlinka to t1f e . g , %4 4 Pr*" I