The Express. — London, England, 1850-02-01 00:00:00

• an, d (ruse-fifths of the product of his tad on the home :market. (Hear.) '" the Ci aneellor of the Lich,- Chief C as'on We Serra th eom. ter 0 011011 . * - • 111 lose ab • w inform the house vintner •""' • • a ; whether there are fewer or " t has rice go pence relief. My On opinion is, • pth ertl tliet.etioary diminution of persons re ths last year se compared with the that there is a great gallicaen ia the ..p.0..e of suppirtine them 4 ;:e ..- Cla pereine. di: ••1 inforatsuon, I do not wi th to thousand - lines ; ha: I believe that sixt y ' cruet in the begioning of this year 'fit ague• • • is net only a pecnithry saving; 1 ? lui That these peep). are nog shy -7 1 ' ie " eat Mae is which the scab. rs of a ehinnia• • 1, ma _cid tt.. in/Ported Ulric 4 44 riri• world co t e ke our maitufactune, us e d t r• thus out of the country. Now I have in t he history in the Bask of Asag " - ~;„ h a d so large an mount of buu ion. to feTet.ue. so far from declining, accuiding there IS welly an illezelee of two mil. • frets the Cluncelier of the Eichrquerk-- e ehdature. I do not think "'l ,'as "" tossed to. Bat WO UV •••116 not ate well off, is there lees pub.'s relief I r li eeeof lb ,- conotri decreases. I have here • :": A lma ta 1948 and 1849. Then •• • 2 is Pits. 11362; in 1849, 9,812. As to • ... g usittea were 3.61.5; la 1849, 2,401. ;trails, bet 1 am constreined to do so, when ail creme have not decreased. I em C t' it, that t • Weissad • bras it. roe state .good, meat ..t de people, but that it Tenth • • 4.•• •..ic • ♦ 1 hen a *skated hare of what the • '"• • al w ays whoa toad k dear mid wars bed is si re.i as led. There is expeadlture c sad I want ts direct the elks etosia• I • • ohm Is tie normotts mouse tequired . A ge pia of wheat is Deeembee, in v4 l).-celatarr. 1849, It was 395. 41. • Ton Free et bailey was 43s , and in 1949 it :L I e Me eery lowest emanate of the sonsunip. a use p•ople of this coustry. The difference be•arsea If 47 and 1849 81,0001. ; sad • e PAO mune I networ k tad batter, thee se. ate., rearis pew ea *Me two am wee 30,000,0001. c •'t t. thst !Owns 1847 sad 1849 the difference • • ••••• :run of the people is Mod is 91 , 000 , 00 111. 'sue of the sonseaptios of tie . , they cent use saauallymeerly 20 of • e t credactivaii pries 101. per %UM , se in; ea article@ et cossia r r p roa ie 91 '•- ••••• • made up. nue un of*. Meson :,..,„"tr b. s been this. that • ter oar sea* of ,re ro beat:. ii te ache, the people what they I Arnie he glad it hoe. gentlemen will • orne. Tar tins year of free trade shows this err o compered with former years. I pa, to vvieta has been referred so is her .• vu., that is which her Majesty ,rt are certain emplanes in certain pans of itinsins of the country. "It ie with regret eas oh-erred the complaints which in man) atom hive proceeded nom the *linen and lisr Majesty greatly laments that any •: r • ..• ;ens Andel be sudertag distress. But it .I:erre pacification to her Majesty to wiles.* • 1 et) iyment of the necesearies and comforts of ✓ -.• and Taney have bestowed upon the • h er am safe this will receive a ei he. tie boor( hear, bear)—lad I be w...he r Spnlaeet to Out of the hatlee. I •-, eie se of the aericaltara etterest ; •—• it stay e.s.• the occupiers of land ace suffer , - arts it was po•sible to bold out any hopes of et i..te .t. He belief is that to hold out the r : Scitiatni inn:tiniest* to that interest would ini•irerican.e est deladve. (liear.)There isgrag I,..iten•ith relief to the agricultural interest in occupiers ' of land or owners. Ti.• .tertg have bad great power is this country, and ollevtuot• tee of eoredenag the subject cr..l what relief eciu4 be afforded to this hiitwe, and 1 am not aware ~ 'sir thrown away Ouse opportunities ....a is then, whether admitting that distress tc the •ivr• en and occupiers of land, it is .tai aim real to seek anything in the shape remedy. Lo•kine to what is every. ....aid re tat owaets and eccupien of lend, ae that aides; has thatributed more to cause • . as this ecui•tasit hail; at looking to the • ?c.a. A.. user arapl.int., all their Sign wt via at any of their meetings, all teed to that parliament should guarantee to ...a prig 'or their produce. (Hear, hear.) sow, ,It that ot, the precast delusions Hat ever entered s• t sty body or men. It is now just ten yeah sine, • ti this house for the repeal it the cora . !'t• -exited of reading extracts Erre the' the committees of '2- 4 and '36 :v. - e -r. a what had maned the di-nees of the tics after nether of these predates 'hewed it'r run. and distress woe the isioned by their trust :t• if parliament for tn., prices, aed never finning .cteirts realised. tßer, tea.) la '22 they MIN are complathing that they had beenprosised 80e. ..r, while they could only eat 49a. They said that had been calculated at a.. and that taint.. ✓ arced to pay it out of capital. Is '36 they mid hul teen promised 64.., and that they were lthding oe with core aid melting because it would cot Le market acre than 3•31. That wes li:entity of the farmers sudsy prooectios. and what ten.fasbie they sever heel !signer pommies than chi 4 i Periods. lo 1820 their protection amounted to ,a rt.,. sad, in 136 to 70.. (Hear, her) The .• whether wheat could In cultivated at be, the i• such agitated than as new; and It seemed . • • ..era was completely soloed Wax.. every the . cot. It au also been said that io former days •-.. tamer had still hope bemuse he had privet- now Le dispel:" because protection has bees •.j. Le. those Imo ay so tare to the 'oldest:oast eat the farmers than said of the profits, and he .. Lair., but .s,rassious of despair sad amnions had hen deceived and ruined by the deheive •• protection. (Hess, bier.) A question was pat •—cep tamer. in 1835, as to the price he eapeetal • Ile sod. " I novo , expect more than be. or ..his. - The hoe. member For Ripon Naked, " De roe ca. live at ? " He anawand, " I think • at all events, ws Rua The prices of every proparios, and we cannot expect any ▪ 11... r, hem.) How fortunate would it have • h e t (amen had then rime to the resoluta. re rid of their proceeded. I believe that U would have been much happier ;roe • e ., nte,ted this they are at present. (Hear, 1,: I ..sit bark to my text, that so legislative re gig would do them any good, because • chic: that this question of comps - ea be entertained by this house. t me that, if we come to the conclusion . art be produced at 40i •it would be of no ris tethered to act. Suppose yen find that it .4 .r• rot prepared to raise the price of the find • , eresuse that, I believe, would be impraeth • • • ere. of " Her, lieu.") Then, if on the e ...old that it could be produced at that pries, • a, pr -Jot the fact, and yea could not guarantee •, ice! .listresa, became land is held under Guth r inea.nen that really you can never calculate is I aniline molt. You might undertake •e! t. prove that wheat could be produced • glee but titans the owners and occupiers •.r• to put themselves under the n comll - asthma. 63 to cultivation, you would hen ao u.e reisu'a would be obtained. Poo* do not .. they el. • • -hop oar • mill. Has mat is • sports -r a politician, and another a noel , sad all • !wets Lt. unfavourable to tare. You •-.. be upon any uniform and general result an. 'hail regulate the way ia which the land Is to Therefore, 1 soy that it is weakling a dale to my that you can gnaraatee him against aggnst the want of that energy sad obit.), is nessmary r swam in ever,. lieu, hear.) To justify what I my ru -it a ides in which laid ia oecapi and creased , rt, I shall tell the Mese seit is taking Owe •at in a district from which many complalate of distress have proceeded. I speak of • thew la hire, of Val acres, which was lately let at 119 s. an as ta, en drained, and sa ey has boom othaewbe :e manila iesprovements Btantly it has hew lase for 18 years by an amaerfasced flanaer, •it an adequate capital, at a rent of 40a, m Wet rtes are 'given a mans found within a man M 1 s, gm, be had which, under proteetite, had • :Ms. (Her, hear.); But them are the o • .ms is to be destroyed—Omagh.. from the —hedge. or. to be levelled and trees cat down e oath* hi a deal with the lend in everethieg Ls owe. _C' Meat, hear," and derisive cheer, Well, when we hear of land going :lock it right to 'hew that, if the worst COON to rat Lrmers may be found to take it on proper tear.) limy doubt should arise oa the mods anti mitten between landlord and taunt, it is '.tv apeman to which I allude, that it shall be •• ••••.to-a. There are no other antithesis, ''••-• term, a gond tenant is Willie; to an acre her the farm. (Cries if say one 9oesti , olll the oriel:these of ay eat pennivion of my informant, and no •c• aria to givelthe farm. the Parish, lad Is fat thane: led with the transaction. I moms is digress amongst the owners sod • "0 4 . had I deeply regret it; but at the same ..r,re is some coosulation even for the landed yi they observe everywhere around them. I •ide that even they are not in that extremity Ithntld induce them utterly to despead, or - thins to retire from their oseepation from ,•• the flieninishing a mount of their profits; for nroWtot load fotcLos Ws high Clarice u ever . ..t'or of this country. (Henri hear,) Every 'l4' • vacant finds nuntero:u caadidatee, and the “..rere are not worse, hut bettor of than n I L. 7 that th ere is sone 001MialatiOa eves ••• .Ltere.t, and I as very haft, that it is so. cansAlatiou for the swain as c 't occupies of the there is hardly a single advantage '.., Gantry pommies over them is the Prods.. a. Etat one single thins that diatinionabao England from that anther mantra., .mad of land. (Hsu, bear.) It is eertainil ovi, but that is a matter within the fariner's ' , her mitten, climate, soil, markets, I I z -C Mt: sad amen, Ike adnatag_es of this country I'4o holier", superior to any other. (Hear, hear.; And my deliberate implealoa is, that if ilia lead were properly managed in tin imetttry, sad Is Initiai we should not need to Impart a eagle gran of con. (Hear, hear.) I do believe that If the lead was treated as it is ia some places them two Wands would rapport not only the pr es e n t bat a much larger population. (Hear, heir., I say that that there is yet hope, and I do consider it rather a reproach v, the lead owners of Ragland and Ireland that we are o)l,tged to end 4,000 miles anon the ocean for food. I thk.k that that re. preach applies especially to Ireland, tot if an Gauger were to look at Ireland be wadi say Am she had ben laid alongside England foe the papa of feeding her. Bat what is the fact, the landowners st Ireland are ruined, and the people are may better off because they have a fres trade in feed. (ilea, hear.) Bat if I were to say what I relied on priasipally far the reiteserathe et Ireland, I should aims the preapenty et the manufacturing riets ere..ted by the resent free trade measure.. (Hear, near) I believe that that prosperity will endure, and that nothing could be more advaatagnes to Irelaad fee the iateresta of the two imastries are ishatical, and N ie prosperity of me moat certainly °ratite spelt the other. (Heir, hear.) I believe that we acted wig ly in passtag these measures, and I sever lo:ked at the prospects of the United Kingdom with mire 'engage hope of its prosperity than I do at this moinent. I b.lieve, moreover, that wa had better guarantees for the stability of our institutions. I ' believe that these aria from the incraltintelligence she people, bet, above all, from the wise I lain na ects ekes of the last 20 years. (Hear, hear.) hose oessarsions have resulted in a greater amount of religious, political, and comaitnedal freedom than were, I believe, ever nj,yed before by any people on the thee of the earth (L ad cheers.) and 'rheum freedom we had lag emoyed, but not until lately that cosasainial freedom width gives the mast inducement to pre* rye peas amongst all states and parka. I cannot help Impair, ham the lest unman in her lilejestes speech, that those who are entreated with the affairs et this neatly **Wive to the truth that Uwe is so way et sassing the offescions atlas people but by premiea • animal auras et religions, tim4 Sad eidemiliewameli )" teas., reloriidag Inters decayed,: extemitieg ethers inade quate, and showing that confideriee In tie people which the antigun of wiry CialiCession op to this eisseeme justified. (Load cheers.) fflie has. asseher eimeladed en moving the address, which, a meal, wee en - echo of thew's' se.ech. _ _ Bit JeLMES DUKE, fa Ada( to ethos" the adages, sald--Aftee die very this, lull, and emeressfal speech ot lay boa. friend, I am ears that this house will feel that I two under Ea ordinary di/lenity to .end the datum which hr has moved to her gracious Majesty. 'Sir, al:bought have had the honour of • seat in this hewn now tor seven year., this is the first occasion spun which' kayo verrstrei to offer myself to the notion of the Moth mad lam sue, wider these circumstances, they will be Mad sough to effesrd me that indulgence which 1 se =seed. Meer, hear.) I require that indulgence, fla that it is with great reluctance I have undertaken the difficult task of seconding the add,. as. But lam reins matiroto consommes" of my ow. inability, and not from asst objection r ono of the repreetheatives of the City of L melon to Imperatore, sad love my cordial support and sese. *donee to her Mojesty's minivan, being under the firm impression that they will do as they have hitherto dose, inductile the high character and peaceful influence of this country abroad, and the matentment and prosperity of the people at home. (Hear, hear.) I also hope from the facliciagoos fa the royalerech that government will feel the necessity of applying the most rigid economy to every de pertinent of toe state consistent with the safety and honour of this country. Toe tint meeting of this present parliament wee little more than two years ago, and I weil remember, that indeed of the mover of the address of that day being able to congratulate the house on the prosperous state of the °convey, fee was under the ditagrusable necessity of beginning hi. speech by lsmenting the great distress which peeved, ad classes in the towns and manufacturing dis tricts of the kingdom, that many of the mills in that part et the country he r presented were out of work, and the operatives and workmen generally were out of employ meld (Hear, hear.) But theta Ood so far from that being the ease now he believed he was fully justified in saying that at no period en the history of the country had the H nue est Common met under more gratifying circumstances. (Cheers.) When we refl ct that within the short space of two yeah toe grew. commercial interests of the country hays pined through an ordeal which shook some of the meet potent commercial houses ia the world, and threatened many more, I think we may well con gratulate ourselves that prosperity has en so short • period been so firmly established. (Hear, beer.) As one e 1 the representatives of the City of Lindon I am especially gratified to have it in my power to say that at no previous time was the trade sad commerce of that great city in • better eoeditits. (Hear, hear.) And not only was this the ease ia Loud. n and the other great enthoitheas of commerce, but also is the most remote towns and districts edam country there was unmistakeable evidence et it reased dads and commercial prosperity, as proved by the fact of em ployment being afforded to every operative and workman, as we:l as in the growing state of the revenue. (Hear.) At the same time I deeply lament with her Majesty the con. plaints of distress woech exist in the agricultural districts. (Hear, hear.) I had the honour of representing a borough which is connected with an important ag rieultural county, and fr on my own knowledge, not only of the landed proprietors, but of the farmers of that district also, I must confess test I am one of the last persona in this country who could me anything like tris existence of distress in that body with indifference. (Hear, hear . ) I believe the farmers, and those engaged in agriculture generally, an • peaceful, and most industrious class, and as such are well deserving to be regarded with favour by this house. (Cheers.) But, sir, while fully admitting this, I fear I cannot go so far as to agree in that means whic h have been suggested for mar dying that dime's which prevails amongst them. (Cheers from the free trade beaches.) I fear, air, if they are led to believe that tai home, by any legislative measure can ever reimpose those daties which have bete abolished on utiles of food, they will find themselves deceived— (cheers I—for I believe the people of this country would again be iaduced, by soy cowl ',rations, to submit to have their food taxed. (Loud cheers from the ministerial tide of the house generally.) Neither do I believe that you would get any government to propose sack • aware or say parliament to 'minim it. (Hear.) I confess that, in speak ing of free trade, I am ralocthat to say much on the efifi,jset, for I have observed with great pain that it Is maimed by some who complain of agricultural distress, that those who are willing to believe that free trade is beneficial to the country, are inimical to the agricultural inte- rest, and that the object of the repeal of the corn laws was to lower and depress the landowner and the farmer, and to benefit the mantsfastursr. I may be allowed to quote from • onus wad= I have Womb' down in my pocket, and which has come iato my hands in my capacity of a magistrate ol the City of L .ndoe in order to show the house that not only has free trade b an the means of afford ing employment and cheapening food, bat has materially dindointed pauperism, and lessened crime. I hold in my hand the official retorts which I received yesterday from the Governor or Newgate, of the number ofeommitmenta duriog the past year, and the great decrease It evinces in the number, as compared with the previous year. (Hear, hear.) My bon. friend quoted the total =own of decrees for the whole of England ; but I con ceive that this return shows still more striking results, when yen =Hider that the idle, the diesolaw, and the linen ploy= from all parts of the country, crowd to the metro polls. (Hear, hear.) It appears from this paper that the total number of commitments from the let of January to the 31st of December, 1849, were 2,464, the decrease, as coin pared with the 'nuncios year,being no lees than 693,0 r almost one-fourth. (Load eriae of "Hear, bear.") Now, air, 1 sounder this to be a very important return in connexion 1 with crime in this metropolis, and embracing, as it does, the whole district of the Central Criminal Court. (Hear, hear.) 1 will also read • letter, not sent to me ss prefatory to lay op soh I might have intended to make in this hewn or elsewhere, for I have been especially desirous in anythiog • I might my to confine myself to what I knew =pelf, es what I derived from official authority—eschewing altogether iaternatioa received from others. (Hear) But this letter lem new about to read is from en official source. (Hear.) The letter says " I have a strong impression that the • operatives of this district were never at any fusser period more hilly employed." (Hear, Hue, =Qs demand ' Whet is the letter from I') The letter is from a most respectable friend of mine, the Mayor of Manchester, and it proceeds : " they were never more fully employed, more comfortable in a renal point of view ' or better disposed than they are now—(sheen)—the e rat, of wages, I believe, Is satistactory, and the cheapness of the necessaries of liie—sef hod and' clothing—has am= Unproved their condition generally. hear.) The hat trans ay be rather an ezespelon to this ; bat there are bat comparatively few pane= employed in it, and the depression in that trade may be wily seenneell , tor; and dozing tie whole fourteen 'seethe of my anyway I have never had any fears for the pease of this dotrist.l I wall remember whoa the Tree trade sausares were pusiag through this house, that crest. wrehennoes were expressed of the =teat of the supplies wcA we might expect to come is from Americo ; bat it happened that I was at Liverpool an the day when Mr. Bancroft, the late American minister, is this country. I had some convened= with that gen- Haas before he =barked, and is the course of it he gave it se his °oddest opinion that it would be impossible for Amnia to send any seasidsrable quantity of torn to this estatry at a print less than sae mem be 40e. sad 60e. a quarter. (Cheers.) I think, therefore, that there is ao reason for the alarm which the agriculturists of Wig coun try entertain of the malts of foreign competition, but that ea the astray there is every ground for suppoeinp that their own prods.' will seen be more profitable to them. (Hear.) At the same time I must he showed to congratulate my hon. friend as to the result of free trade as regards the mode in which the large imports of torn which have taken place have been paid foe. (Heat, beer.) Because I well remember it was prophesied by those who were the opponents of that policy that not a angle extra bele of goods would be =pert= Is ezehang• for the corn whisk mig ht be broaebt into this =wry, and that nothing bat bullion would be taken. But what has been the remelt? (Hear.) We lad that at no previous pt riod has We conatry made sash rapid progress in her commerce and rawly lectures es shoe the peeling of that aasesurs, nor at any previous period has there been se large ea amount of geld in the aoaatry, whisk amount is con inwessing. (Cheers.) My honourable friend onlerod so last* at length ia rearm* to the affairs of Wand, that I win rely say that I am gratified that her Minty Hatunpistes or lawn= in the number of the elegem of that part of the United Kingdom, but I confess I should have been better pleand had we had sea intima tion mho in the royal epee= that that would be likely to H extended t o this country. (Loud cheers.) I hops her Majesty's ministers will yet consider whether there are not nosy towns in this annoy whose inhabitants possum ne vote either for a borough or a ninety, and whether it is not just that the elective treading should be extended to them. (Renewed thews.) I carnet sit down without referring to the subject of the navigatieo laws, the More especially as I , THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 1, 1850. was one of those who voted against the government when that quietism was before the house. (Hear, hear.) I then thought the repeal of than laws was a baserdoits experiment, but I em now happy to find, from her Majes'y's speech, that I wee mistaken, and that some powers have tit/oily conceded those advantages to as which by the toke nism' we have made we have given to them, and that other powers are expected speedily to follow the same cause. (Hear, hear.) Ism quite sure the house will be u hag as I am myself . that I should further teespass upon their etten'ion—(" No, no ")—but I cannot sit down without thanking them for the Wolper, they have shown me sad without expressing • cordial reopen to the wish ex pressed by her majesty, that by trombining liberty with Wien by preserving what is venal/e t end emending whet b bffectlve, the fabric of our iastitatteas may he sustained end this country long reveals the abode ann the shelter of a free sad happy people. Mini cheers.) The Address having been read from the chair, Si, J. TROLLOPE fees and said that he felt it tartesess7 to crave the special iadalgence of the honer, in Wong that which he houw was an unusual nurse of late years—by proposing the addition of a few words to the ae s t ee e e , i n answer to the speech from the %bream,. In the shape of an amendment, and the more so, as he was not is the habit of ideation( them. Having briefly referred to the other psi eial e ph e of th e "'been, he said he mast venture to take ex c i si on t o th a t which began "Her Majesty has 'realm+ &faction in emirate lilting yen CM the improved condition d , comma*. en d Ise . nuiseturn." Now, SO far he, and *wee who acted with him, fully concurred. (Hear, hear.) All they (the sari in terns) wished—all nay ;shed. terms—wan that a little of that prosperity hen adverted to might be reflected cm themselves. At present they had not the eibtantsee of any of this pros perity, except in rowel to awe article, that had undoubtedly received a great lavabo teem this rascal preoperity—he alluded to the article of wool—(bear, hear)—in which the district he was eoweented with was especially Inn neon in supplying lugellehe inaunfeaturers of tho north.l This article had obtained a considerable aceasion of price within the last few miniffis. In the simmer season it was lower than it had bossier 20 or 30 years; bat niece then it hod rises full 25 or 30 iper cent., sad there wee still • great demand for it. This warn index to the truth of that particular psalm!. of the royal speech. But her Msbety proceeded to say—' It is with regret that her Majesty has observed the +implants which in many parts of the kingdom have pro ceeded fr om the owners and memplets of Her blejesty greatly laments Met any portion of be subjects should be muttering distress. Bat it is emerge efeneen gratification to her Majesty 0 whines the Increased enjoyment of the neeessanes and comforts of life, which cheap ness did plenty have bestowed upon the great body of her people." He hardly thought that sufficient deference had been paid to the many complaints which had been maing far some time past from every county In Eng ine' as well se from Scotland and from Ireland, but more especially hots England and Scotland. (Hear, hear.) Ire- lead had • great grievance of her own to attend to is the new law which had been adopted, and which was depressing her energies—ao much so, that that country was absorbed in the view as to how she was to get on. But it was net so in Eastland and Scotland. Meetings had been had in almost every county, from Cornwall to Caithness, relative to the iiifficaltiee under which the agricultural classes were labour ing. His own county (Snob Lincolnshire) met last Friday, and a more imposing assembly he had never seen together. The number present on that occasion in the Castle-yard of Lumen was not less at any one given time than 15,000 per sons, end not fewer than 20,000 persons had entered the city that day to participate in the proceedings. A formidable opposition to the meeting had been previonly prognoati eased, and some opposition had been got up by sums trader ram in the town who held opinions in accordnos with Mon advocated by the late Anti-earn Lew League, and who had had the benefit, as it was said, of the assistance and counsel of a great leader and agitator of that body. But Month they took c Ansel of that greitlesaan, and pro. posed to oppose the resolutions which were publicly atten tion, as likely to beoffered for adoption, the gentleman him self did not deem it right to stay for the meeting ; he did not think it likely that he should hays a sufficient feeling on his side to enable him to overturn th: resolutions, at d, therefore, he wisely avoided an occasion which might have given rise toangry feelings. Hie agricultural friends thought, and he concurred with them in the opinion, that their complaints had been treated with levity, with • feeling skin to disrespect, at all events with a want of attention. There had not been one word of redress in any shape addressed to them, although various modes of re dress had from time to time ben l 'tined out by them. Why didAot her Majesty's governmeut turn their crown lands to account ?—and if they did nutlet them not reproach the land owners for apathy, when they themselves were open to a timber imputation. (Hear, hear.) He believed that every gentleman conneata with the landed interest had laid out every year of their lives a certain por tion of their income in Lincolnshire in the improve ment of their properties. He himself had been an owner of land 30 pears, and he had always laid out something every year in improvemeuts. All Lis neighbours did the same; and what was the consequence? They knew that they would be able to meet the times; their rents were easy and they were not in debt. But, then, the small proprietors of land would he crashed. (Hen.) He represented in that house some 5,000 freeholders. In the whole venstituecey of the county of Lincoln there were 10.000 freeholders. Most of the small voters were small landholder; men equal to any others for loyalty aid industry. It was nor the great landowners who met in the castle yard of Lincoln the other day, but it was these men—these small tanners to whom the question was one of lite or death, whether th ey were to be deprived of their homes or whether they were not. (Cheers from the protectionists.) The honourable mover of the address had said that land sold and let as well as ever at present. He (Sir J. Trollope) hod been in ":m -neunicatioe with many gentlemen who had told him • life rent tale. One gentleman, who was an 'Attorney in large practice among them small freeholds—wine of whin were to lie found in Yorkshire, where there were men possessed only of their little hour. and garden—had tol I him that he could hardly effect any sales at all, that if he did effect them it was at • loss of 20 or 30 per cent on the estimated value. An other gentleman said : " I can tfGet no sales, there are no prices offering, there is no confidence, I cannot sell at any pric-," and he added, " I have numbers of mortgages called in on these estates, and I cannot raise the money for the I parties." The agriculturists were suffering, and asked for sym pathy, aid prayed that their remonstrances might be treated with 'mooning like respect Therefore he had now en num/ to him a few words, which he should wish to add to her Majesty's speech, atter the words" commerce and manu factures" These words were couched in • respectful spirit. They pledged the house to no peculiar policy. They asked hoe. members to take into consideration the present condition of the sericulture' interest, and there would be abundant opportunities of pointing out afterwards how this was to be done. The words were these: " And humbly to represent to her Majesty that in many parts of the kingdom, and especially in Ireland, the various classes connected with the soil are labouring ander severe distress, mainly attributable, in our opinion, to many /0110461111111. mune, and the operation of which is aggravated In many' respects by local taxation." (Hear, hear.) The can of the stocking weavers and others of Leicestershire and Notting ham had been alluded to, but he begged to remind the, house that both the Leicester and Nottingham trades were protected bides; that they had a protecting duty 0110 per Best. (Cheers from the protectionists) Why were not the twins-noses. palled down, if it were meant to have general free trade ? And what was mascot tabs done with the malt tax ? He had always opposed the mansion of this tae ; but it was now placed in an altered position, for barley was of very little more value than the duty on malt, and therefore the tan was entitled to consideration. (Hear, hear.) If they were loader than every other district in England in their complaints, it waa because they ware in a condition to make themselves heard, having don. their utmost to improve their condition. It appeared to him they were getting into difficulties that every day would become greater. And those difficulties must be fairly met. It a great and important interest in this country was to suffer • great decline in its social position, if men were unable to maintain themselves in their relative position, sod if the remedy was to be that which an honourable gentleman had proposed for distressed needlewomen—emigration—if emi gration was to be the only remedy, God knew what would be done with those who remained at home. Bat he had yet to learn that emigration would be a sourer of relief ; for at the present moment voluntary emigration was going on r xtensively. The hon. hart. con cluded by moving that the following words be added, by way of amendment to the address, but humbly to represent to your Majesty that in many pa rts of the United Kingdom and especially in Ireland, the various claims connected with the soil are labouring under severe distress, mainly attri butable, in our opinion, to reoeat legislative enactments, the operation of which is aggravated in many respects by the pressure of local taxation." Col. CHATTERTON seconded the amendment in &short speech, which was almost wholly inaudible in the gallery. He referred to the wretchedness of Ireland. Amidst the pressure of the continual °Amino which had fallen on that country, old differences and disagreements were almost tor gotten. The common danger which prevailed terrified all meu's hearts. The evils of free trade in that country were so manifest that it would be quite impossible to continue an enactment that must eventually revolutionise the country. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER was glad to find that in almost every point the hon. mover of the amend ment agreed with the address. Ile was glad, moreover, that the boo. gentleman appreciated the measures that her Majesty's government had adopted fur the preven tion of the spread of the disease that unfortunately appeared in this country, and that he promised the government his support to any further 'lemurss they might adept with the same object for the future. He was glad siso to bear from his hon. friend a disclaimer of his concurrence la that intemperate language which had been used at mate public meetings that had been held in this constry—laairnage which, he truly said, could but injure the emu. There could be so mistake u to the meaning of the antemlineitt. His hon. friend stated most distinctly that it was W urge on the house a reconsideration of the subject of prehsetion ; that they should mon. eider that linidaties to which, they lselieved, much of the present Ply ot the country was owing, bet to which Yea. /Mimes attributed that distress which to a certain eons be admitted. He was gled also that this question bad hew seised this night. that on this, the first night of the emotes, the great ipuetiea wee to be gone into, , end the deliberate opinion of that beau was to be called for, and h e t ru ism farmisifti, whetber tYay 118111 to retrace their stem Ice reemidse their want iesidastaa, o f whether, " he trasted,ead as hawse confide:4th' great inekerity of that house would say, they were to preceod In that legislation to which the present great prosperity of Ibis country, as he believed, wee to be attributed. He had not heard from his hon. friend any question u t r the prosperity of the trade and nianufecttuis of this country. It was avt a little remarkable that fa the sus remise, width was or dinarily takes is a test ad the well-being of the people, there was a falling of is the two first ;Auteuil of the year, and as Meese is the two last quarters. Is Irelsad there was a hlliag off la the first three quartos of the year, but an Maws la the last quite. yds leped fiat we. • pretty fair alga of the trostlisoasorosat of em improvement in the condition of that campy, and that the hers of the hon. gentleman wield sot he titogethar realised. But he would particularly all the attendee of the hos. Solltlultha. tl's :dumber fer Warwickshire to the etat•thints he had made, mud which were made by the menoel lot Istickiregbamehire la the last session, when they wanted V. show that the meanhereres of this country were is • stele of atrophy. Whoa they were in • fair mats of employment the hoe. gentleman referred to the table of experts, and Remo, meld ersavlnee him that they could eery on, year after year, a trade which he declared was a dead loss. He ventured at that ties to stem that the cheek in the demand La this senetry in 1848 wee mealy owing to the troubled etas Of the continent. Now, what said the elmaler Midi be bed Jett read ? Bat the boa. member for Wareetehalthe Meted, mot only la that house, but elsewhere, that he (the ammalier of the Exchequer) wee entirely mistaken eta that foild•Or, lad that the disvarthel state of the country, se hr heel deseesidag the deemed, increased it. Now, what bad Iteppined dam? I. the muse of the last year the state of the EleMbseat had greatly improved sad what lad been the enemas BM& mthafeetured a rticles exported thither? Weirs it leas that the prosperity of the country IMO ► be be ne•SIAPOI by he exporta—wers we to regard the mese of exported as the oeiy (Titmice of the eadenal proms, there sever was such a year of 010 •thegareg presieep. (Hear, bear.) Meath after month the eledeerei eine of the exports of British sea. nufactures had lseoaeed, haws the begetting of the year to the end, se essapared with the corresponding months of the precedlag year. Adding together ths awned of exports for each of the two years closet ea the 6th January, the M asan Is the declared value of the exports of lest year was very little short of 10 millions. Bir. RElLRlES—Cerspers4 with 1848 ? The CHANCELLOR rl the BECHEQUIM—Cota. pared with 1848. Taking the last three years the aatounti were—for 1847, 62,000,0001; 1848, 48,948,0001 ; 1849, 68,848,000. (Cheers.) Mr. HgaRIRS —What were they in 1846 ? The CHANCELLOR of the EkCHHQUER arid he was addressing himself to the argument of the boa. member for Warwickshire (Mr. Newdegate), who had denied that the decline in our exports last year was attributable to the disturbed Mate of thoonatinent ; and, according to his theory when the coutineat temaine leas disturbed, our exports ought atilt to have fallen Ail. (Hear ' hear.) Other hoe gentle. men said we had been ruined by the free trade measures of 1848, 1847, and 11148, and that the disturbed state of the centioent had net enhanced our distress. Bat now that the continent was pacifieffour exports had brcreased ; while, so cording to the theory, they ought to havediminialted. Marvel lous,:ludeed, snit have been the effects of free trails had the theory of the ion. gentleman been tree; but en thoroughly had their predictions been falsified, that our exports, instead of diminishing, had increased ten usillimia. (Hes:, hear.) Ha had read the letters written by the hon. member foe Warwickshire (Mr. Newdegate); they did him infinite credit for the industry and research he had bestowed upon them, and the extreme candour, se rarely found on that side the question, which ran through all the admissions he made. From his principles and facts, he (the Chancellor) entirely dissented ; and when it wee seen that the exports had increased to the amount he hod stated, he appealed to the candour of the hon. gentleman to admit either that be was wrong in his theory, or that some cause or other—no doubt the system of free trade—bad entirely counteracted , the ruin which he had predicted. (Hear, beer.) He would not dwell longer on this subject but for this reason. When hon. gentlemen indulged in anticipations, and statement after statement was made, confidently declaring the distress of trade, and as ceefieteitly predicting is utter ruin, and when those statements sod predictions were shown to be utterly at variance with facts end incompatible with theory, be called, not only upon that hoes*, bat on thole who might otherwise be disposed to place confident* in thee, predations, to re ceive them with a little allowance, and not to be gait* sure, they wire quite se much ruined as those bon. leadsmen were fend of telling them. (Cheers.) He would quote the returns of e very f-w molds. illustrative niche great increase is our exports. Tie export of cotton mansfamsres in 1849, as compared with the preceding year, had risen from 198,751,00011 s. to 395,654,090PN. In MS, In 1010. Cotton rem from karthenware liAberdenaery C121,000 tuakees Iferdw.re end cutlery £OOll,OOO £1,190,0M) (An article in which we were 'apposed be have been utterly ruined by the operation of free trade.) Wrought lather tree cwt. 14,000 cwt. Gimes ZIO,OOO EIS.OOO Being an increase of not less than 50 per cent. Linen enenufecturee 110,000.000 yards le 106,000,000 rude Linen y.rn . 11,000,000 lbs. 17,000,010 the. Wrought iron Silk inanuNetres..... .. 104,100 lbs. Ul,OOOlll. Another article in which our amanfacturees were supposed to hove been utterly rained by the admission of foreign comoeti tame 206,000 lb.. 01,000 lbs. 45,0110 lb.. 105,000 lbs. Good. reckoned by glees. 0,733,000 0,672,000 Dino. by yard 31,000 ON yards *0,00b,.00 yards bloc Map Brim' an increase of nearly double. Woolf® yarns 73.000 cwt. Silk rods — Itisr silk 105,000 cwt He had thus gene throgh the principal articles of one manuteetures; and hardly as item could he named in which toe increase was not perfectly extraordinary, and far beyond what any one 'Auld hate anticipated. (Hear, hear) But the hon. member for Buckinghamshire (Mr. Disraeli) said. " True it is you have sent out a greater quantity of goods but the price has Wien so much that the receipts have de creased; sad you will be ruined by being continually obliged to give • greater quantity of British industry for a reduced price." What proof wu there of that ? NM* whatever. The gentlemen engaged in these trades had certainly found them worth carrying on. He (hued, tram a publication calk() Burnet Glance, of the highest authority la the even. mercial and manufacturing districts, that, in every item, the price of exported goods was higher than last year. The average prim of each manufactured article exported has risen as follows : . 1949. Calicoes, printed and dyed 9s. 04. 10n 3d. Calicoes, plain , 0 6 9 !Justine Linen manufactures 9 0 9 G Dimities Damasks and diapers In every item it was the mime: he hoped the house would give him credit for this, without reading the rem. Conse quently, not only bad we the benefit of the increased quan tity, bat of the increased price, of each article. (Hear, hear.) The hon. mover and seconder of the address had gone into the question of the effect of the repeal of the navigation laws on the shipping of this country. The anticipations enter tained and the predictions made by those who opposed the repeal of those laws—that the shipping trade of this country would be destroyed, and that no foreign country would give us reciprocal advantages—had alike been falsified by the result. He held in his hand returns from the different ship building ports throughout the United Kingdom. At one port alone, and that owing to peculiar circumstance!, had there been a diminution in the ship-building ; in all the others, that trade was at least equal to what it had before been ; and in those ports which were the main emporiums of that industry—as Sun derland, Liverpool, the port of the Clyde, and some other Scotch poets ; the number of ships built had been far greater than any one had anticipated, and had much exceeded the number of any former year. As stated in her Majesty's speech, SOON countries had already given us those privileges which the legislature of last session bestowed upon their ships; and there was reason to believe that every nation on the continent had intimated its fanatics of relax ing to a considerable degree—some more and some ism, bat forming a great relaxation on the average—those restrictions in their laws which p ted our ships at present from en joying the advantages which had been pr off ered to them by the legislature of list session. (Hear, hear.) He entirely concurred with his hoe. friend who had moved the Wire's, in believing that the best effect, would be produced in other countries by the legislation which of late years had been adopted in this country. (Hear, hear.) To • certain extent, he believed, the existing distress among agriculturists was the inevitable consequence of the' shame in the law that had taken place; but he firmly relied on the energy and industry of the British farmer to overcome those as they always had overcome the difficulties arising from changes in former years, which his hon. friend admitted to have taken place, and which had been attended with a fall In Wield to • greater extent than the present change. Ile believed, and lamented the fact, that the class of small occupiers was principally affected. (Hear, hear.) He lament, d to know that a certain portion of agricultural labourers bad been discharged from employment; and he was confident that of all those who remained in employ ment, their condition had been signally benefited by the reduction in the price of food. (Hear, hear.) Before sitting down he should be able to convince the house, by facts which were quite indisputable, that his hon. fr iend had represented the extent of the distress to be greater than it really was. He fully admitted that, in Lincolnshire, there was an increase in the number of persona dependent on the poor rates; yet, taking England throughout, in the great majority of the agricultural counties, there was a diminution of distress and of the number of persons dependent on the poor rata'. (Hear, hear.) He was not surprised that some distress should prevail am 'net the agnculturista. He had never thought, and never said, that • great change of this kiid could take place, without en tailing some suffering and distress upon • poetic, of them co netted with the interests more lmmediat.ly affected. The honourable gentleman had rehired to the fall of paces which had t a k en pl ace in former times in this country, and had stated that the distress then prevailing in his neighbourhood far exceeded anything of the kind which he ventured to say now existed. If hon. gentlemen connected with agriculture, would refer to the history of former years, they would find that • fall of prim had taken plank and • state of distress had meted under a system of high duties. If the hon. gentleman appeals would refer to what took place in 1822, under • ecsw law which professed to ensure a price of 80s. • quarter for wheat, he must entertain some doubt as to the moms of the remedy he peopolted for the present distress. (Hear, hear.) Is 1817 the prim of corn was 965. 11d. per quitter ; for five consecutive years it fall at the relent 109. per quarter per annum ; and in 1822 it had fallen mare than SO moan., the avenge price of the year being 445. 2d. This was under a corn law profaning to secure high prism. (Hear, hear.) The honourable gentlemen said there was hops then. Wnat was the hope ? Of eosins, that there would be a return to that price white the legialeture had Prel i m*" to secure to the agricultural interest. Bat no such Piton em took place. In 1829, tom yours after words, a corn law 11 . 2 . Mood—certainly with some °mai d. the = (no Wier:mists, but without any great opposition ••• litillokt•••--the avowed object of which was to ensue not a pries of iffis., but a pricer of 84s. the quarter. What happeued under that law ? In 1831, the price of wheat was 88s. 4d. the quarter ;in 1835, it was 39a. 4d. It fell at the nee of about 6.. 9J, per annum for tour consecutive years; and the fall wu lustily, not quits, 60 per cent. In 1839, the prim of corn was 704. Bd. per quarter; in 1845, it was 50s. 10d.—egain under a law profaning to SKIM 645. a quarter. In 1847, the was 89s. 9d. ; it was now near 40s. ; the fall bang very little more than what MAO place between 1831 and 1836. But 1835 was n-t a year of families, as 1847 was; and surely the agriculturists need not conceive them selves utterly ruined when a fall had taken place of no greater amount than they had suffered befogs in four or five year*, I and from which their industry had enabled them to recover I they were at nut no won than they were at the end ei that period. Whitman the cause of the former fall is Prices, it would not be attributed to the repeal of the gene aws; for there was then a high protective duty. And be would ark now, cid it follow as a necessary coosequiene that the present fall must be owing to the rel of the corn laws ? Awarding to the Mark-haw price of earn in the countries of the Baltic was so high that It would not pay te send It to this country. Oa the one hand. therefore, It was idle to say that the low prism of corn in this country was owing to free trade, since the importation of aeon had diminished; while, on the other, there was every reason to suppose from past expertise, and present circumstances that 'he permanent price of wheat In this country would ass continue as low as it latterly had been. The agriculturiel must not be so easily persuaded that ruin was about to ones take him. It was at one time asserted, and firmly believed, that nothlag short of 80a. a quarter would suffice to enable the farmer to cultivate the land. And yet the lumen never ' sines then obtained that price. Indeed the average price bed since been somewhere about 539.; and it was not until 1848 that it rose to 64s Bd. Had land gone out of cultivation in consequence? Had the unicult • of the country been rained? No such thing. On the contrary, since 1816, there had been a large outlay of capital on the land—and its cultivation and production had greatly increased. He could even strengthen his case still farther, by the fact that since 1815 the rental of the country bed increased, notwithstand ing that the average pries of wheat had been dimi nished. Referring again to the Mark 1,411{41 Express, the right honourable gentleman, carrying out his defence of • Inc trade in earn, stated that the whole of our increased production and the whole of the corn imports had gone into consumption—showing that the people had found means to pay for a large supply of the most necessary article of food when the price was reclined. He same now to that part of the question which, atter all was the main consideration with thou who objected to • free trade in corn—namely its effect upon the agricultural pepu lation. In the county of Lincoln, he admitted, there had been an increased number of persons relieved by the poor rates ; but taking the great majority of the agricoitural counties, it would be foetid that there had been not only no finnan, but a great diminution in the number of pinions so relieved. As • proof of this in one part of the county he would refer to the addreu of Lord Chichester from the judicial bench at Lewes in Buses. It was well Known that the southern coentriss were those which were the most likely to suffer aglicultural distress, and that it hot bees largely anti& paled both in Kent and Sussex. Yet Lord Chicheeter, as chairman of the Quarter Sessions in the latter county, raid it was satisfactory to find that the agricultural labourers pur sued their usual avocation., and that a greater number were not unemployed; that the workhouse was by no moons full, that the able-bodied paupers were by so means so numerous as they generally were at that time of the year, and that they must conclude there was so great dearth of employment , in the county. These facts were highly creditable to the'l farmers of that county, considering the difficulties with which they had Leon surrounded; and he thought that if others would follow theirs:ample they would find it to their advantage, as it was their duty, to procure employment as far as they could for the labourer. In was sorry to hear kis hon. friend say that that system had not been sufficiently pursued by the owners and occupiers of land is Lincoln shire. The account given by Lord Chichester in Sussex was net only that the number of persons unemployed was com paratively few, but that • most praiseworthy exertion had been made by the owners and outriders of land to render it so. After alluding to the deeree.e in pauperism, which he proved by statistics, he went on to say With such facts in view he would ask boo. gentlemen who talked of the dimness of agricultural labourers, how they could account for this enormous diminution in the Lum ber of persons relieved in the majority of the agricultural districts of England if agricultural labourers !tad net, !ike other classes of society, benefited by the cheapening of the price of food ? ("Hear, hear," and cheers.) The hem gentleman had truly stated that that was the class of persons to whom their greatest sympathies and exe, lions were due. liel,the Chancellor of the Exchequer) maintained hoe-ever that the condition even of the agricultural labourers had been signally ameliorated by the lowering of the price of bread. He had stated facts which justified him in con tending that such was the ease, and on that grouirt, there fore he contended that it would not be wise or expedient to recoesider the legislative enactments in reference to the ohiof article of general consumption. (Hear, hear.) These had also been • most satisfactory diminution in the number of persons reesiveageolief in Ireland. From a state ment which he-bald in his:hand, it *opened that in the past year, as compared with the plenum one, there had been a decrease in the number of persons receiving in-door and oat door relief, amounting to 296,000. In the week ending the 3rd of Dee.. 1848, the number of pessons receiving in-door relief was 192,009 ; in the week ending OR the 29th of Dee , 1849, the number was 194,000. The number receiving out door relief was, in the Ist period, 393,421 ; in the 2od, 95,448. The total number relieved in &helot period, was 585,439 ; in the second., 289,458. Thus,though there was an increase of in door relief, there was a decrease on the whole of 295,972 in the number of persons receiving relief last year. It was noto rious, too, that the diminution of expense was still µrester than it would appear to be from thaws figures, in con sequence of the cheapness of provisions. tie was happy to find that what Lord Chichester had stated to be true of Bussex,was believed to be true of many cohere ' , unties, and that not only owners but occupiers o f land wt re, by draining and other improvements, endeavouring to imorove the cultivation of the oil in every possible way. H e had never believed that the British farmer could meet w th difficulties which he would be unable to surmount. Amongst the various speeches which had been made on that subject he had found one in which the speaker stated that, even with present prices, an increased employment of labour had in his own can led to an increase of profit. The wont policy which (airmen could possibly pursue was, be believed, that of discharging labourers. He was glad to find that through out England an increased amount of employment was being given. That was the course which he believed to be best, not only for the community at large but even for agricul turists, who would in the end derive a greater profit from improved land than they did from the land in its pr. sent state. His hon, friend had truly stated that there was one branch of agriculture which was exempt from depression. He could have wished that his hon. friend could have been led to recognise that as a favourable symptom for agriculture, and to indulge a hope that other branches of agriculture would be benefited by the increased demand for their pro: duce arising front the prosperity of trade and commerce. (Hear, hear.) Such a hope, however, seemed never to have crossed his hon. friend's mind, or, it it had done so, perhaps he thought it would be unwise to express it, considering that he had moved the amendment. (Laughter.) Not only had the demand for British wool increased to an extraordinary extent in this country in the course of the past year, but there had been a corresponding increase in the quantity of wool exported. In the year end ing the sth of January, 1849, exports amounted to 3,978,000 lbs. ; wherein the exports in the mune( the last year reached the almost incredible amount of 11,000,000 lbs. Was it too visionary a hope that the happy day would arrive when corn, butter, and chimes, as well as wool, would be ex ported in considerable quantities? He did not think it necessary to dwell on that part of the subject any longer. The beet argument, if argument it could be called, for protection was, that which was founded on the assumption that its removal had indicted misery on the labouring classes, and he had replied by showing that they were in a bettor condition now than they were a year or two ago, es shown by the fact, that there were fewer of them in the receipt of parochial relief. (Bear, hear.) He would now speak very shortly of the general state of the country. It had always been assumed that the beat test of the pros perity of the country was the amount of the principal articles of subsistence consumed by the community at large. Now he found that, with the exception of coffee, the con sumption of which had fallen off, owing to peculiar circus"- stenos, there had been an increased consumption of almost every article. The consumption of coma had increased from 2,936,000 lbs. to 3,200,000 lbs. ; of rum, from 2,987,000 gallons to 3,044,0J0 gallons; of brandy, from 1,600,000 gal lone to 2,187,000 gallons ; of Geneva, from 23,000 gallons to 27,000 gallons ; of tea, from 48,735,000 lbs. to 50,024,000 lbs. The consumption of provisions had also very much in creased, though there had been a considerable diminution in the importation of pigs from Ireland. He would now allude very shortly to the consumption of another article, and principally on account of the very contradictory result which it showed to all the predictions that had been made with reelect to it. He meant the importation of sugar. The importation of foreign sugar (as we underlined the right hon. gentleman to say) had slightly fallen off, while the quan tity of West India sugar imported had increased from 2,771,000 cwt. to 3,007,000 cwt. ; Mauritius sugar had in creased from 812,000 cert. to 997,000 owt.; East India, from 1,352,000 cwt. to 1,348,000 cwt. while the importation of foreign sugar had fallen off from 1,200,000 to 497,900. With regard to foreign spirits, so tar from it having fallen off, the quantity had increased from 222,000 to 2211,200, and though the quantity imported tato Ireland for home con sumption lhad fallen off dune the first three quarters of the year, yet it had increased in the last quarter from 287,000 to 312,000 gallons, according to the last returns. Other articles to which he would refer were the raw materials which formed the bads of the em ployment of the people. The importation of indigo had increased from 68,000 cwt. to 79,000 cwt. ; of flax, from I 1,316,000 to 1,876,000 owl.; of hemp, from 698,000 to 911,000 cwt. ; of hides (untanned), from 9,600 to 12,200; hides (wet), from 320,000 to 508,000; hides (tanned), from 953,000 to 1,545,000; unwrought iron, from 2 1,000,000 cert. to 24,000,000 cwt. ; olive oil, from 7,000 to 16,000 cwt. ; a similar increase was observed in the importation of sheep and rotten wool. With respect to the articlecopper, which it was sail would suffer, perhaps, mere than all from the chugs of system, they had the most favourable reports from the mining districts of Cornwall. Employment was plentiful, and wages were higher, while tin amount of copper imported had considerably increased. The importation of copper ere had lac :eased from 85,000 to 153,000 cwt. ; of wrought copper, from 6,000 to 17,000 owe; of braes manufintures, from 13,000 to 23,000 ewt, This increase In the importation of raw materials woad continue, h. trusted, and would pro vide employment for Cite labouring elutes, An equally lugs increase was apparent in the shipping of the country. In the eleven months of the year ending January, 1848, the number of ships which entered inwards war 28,245, of a ton • nage of 8,200,000; while in the corresponding months of the last year they were 28 946, of a tonnage of 6,687,800. The mintier of vessels entering outwarle is 1848 was 23,394, of 4,679,000 tons ; while in 1819 it was 25,669, of 6,126,000 tons. He felt that he was wearying the house with all these de tails, but upon so great a queotion he thought it his duty to lay before hon. members all the feats in his possession— facts which could not be dieputed, and which every candid puma would admit fully proved all his statements. He should ill discharge his duty on such an occasion were he not to bring forward facts appertaining mots p•rtieularly to the office which he had the haunt to fill in her Majesty's government. He must allude to the state of the The hon. gentleman (Mr. Villiers) who moved the address had stated correctly the amount of the surplus. There had been a considerable improvement in every branch of the us during the last nisi. month.. He would not men tion the details; he was certain that the house would be satisfied with the feet, that owing to the increased revenue, and still more to the reduction of expenditure, there was an exam of income over expenditure on the 6.h January last, of 2,980,0001. (Loud cheers.) The hoe. gentle man had referred also to the state of the bank and had correctly stated the amount of bullion in the Bank. Nuw it was one of the greet arguments of the oppo nents of the recent legislative changes in the commercial policy of the country that all the bullion would be exported. Their predictions had been most glaringly contradicted, the amount of bullion in the Bank having reached an almost unheard of figure ; and the amount of bullion exported in the coarse of the year not having been more than 600,0001. or 700,0001. at the most. His hon. friend had warned them not to boast too much of this prosperity. He quite coneurnd in that warning ; but he did hope that nothing would occur to destroy it; he hoped that the experience se recently acquired of the effects of overdpecula tion would defer all parties from pursuing a similar course new. He believed that the country had now entered on • steady course of proapi rity, in which, under the pleasure of Providence, it would cocaine. Tree imprevessent which bad taken place in the general condition of the country, and from which the agricultural interests had partially been ex cluded, would, he believed, very steadily extend itself to them, now that they were dependent on their own intelli , genet, energy, and industry, loundationa which could not be shaken. (Cheeses.) Mr. H. J. HERBERT had heard much said about the increase in the 000sumption of sheep's wool, but nothing about the decrease in the production of sheep. The woollen manufacturers were prospering, but the manufacture of sheep had, by the withdrawal of protection, been rendered unprofitable. Mr. FAGAN said that the hon. member who had just sat down had not made a single observation pertioent to the subject before the house. Respecting the improvement of Ireland, he differed from the honourable member, who should recollect what was the condition of that country prier to and daring the potato famine. Four millions of the people subsisting on a description of food which tailed them during a petiod of three) years, and the tenant farmers obliged to dispose of their cat le and farming implements for subsistence. A better state of things was now in promos, and although the improvement was not eitentive,it was still improvement, and gave good indications for the tutor.. Within the last two months there had been a con siderable improvement in the price of cattle, and other articles of farming predate had also improved. His hon. friend, the member for K , rry, had alluded to the increase of Irish vagrancy in England. He (Mr. Fagan) believed that that vagrancy had diminished, and that, thanks to free trade, the greater number of poor Irish who had come over had found employment. (Hear, hear.) As to the recent election of his bon. and gallant colleague being proof of a re-action in Ireland in favour of protection. he de nii d the inference &hope her. (Protectionist cheers.) He em phatically denied that protection principles had anything to do with that election. Having these views, he felt bonnd, as an Irish member, to give his vote . against the amend ment. Sir J. WALSH had just returned from Ireland, and Ye gretted that the only article of produce which supplied eto trade of that island red been tamp:red with, and its profits deemed. He witnes-ed the severity of the competitiin carried on by tt is country, when the utmost efforts rf 1 sbour and science were barely able to reader the balance equal with countries where the cultivator had but to scratch the surface of the earth. The recent nt,asure of the ministry had resulted in putting the spirit of patriotism, an' the in terest of the United Kingdom *picot the spirit of selfish mu and demagoguism. Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY was sorry to fled that in her Majesty's speech a total ril-rice had been maintained respecting an important limb in the national oody corporate, —namely, the colonies, which the :washer for Manchester had recommended to be utteriy swamped. After a warm and miecellaneeua attack on what tlae hon. meals r termed the " Manchester schoA " of politicians, he declared that although a free trader, he was forced to cangucl.s that the ,free trade which the ministry had bruezht in upon an un prepared country was a sad and d'egraceful failure. The Marquis of GRANI3Y movcd the adj.)urnment of the uebste. Lord J. RUSSELL asked Mr. Disraeli whether, as far as he could speak, it was probable that a thvition would be come to to-morrow (this) night Mr. DISRAELI replied that, as far as he understood, the divicion would take place ti-morrow, but he could not give allY pledge to that effect. The house then adjourned at five minutes past 12 o'clock. itCht erortgg• OUTGOING MAILS. The West India Mails, inchulteg Bermuda, Havana'', Naomi, Horduras, New Orleans, and Mexico, and excluding those for Madeira, St. Juan•de-Nicaragua, New Granada, aad Peru,will be made up to-morrow morning, Feb. 2. Tao mails for Modena, the Brazils, and Buenos Ayree,will re mate up oa the evening of Ft b. 4. The mails fcr Lisbaa, Spaia, and Gibraltar will be made op on Naafißee, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Ceylon, ladle, Hone Kong, dte., will be mule up on the evening of Feb. 7. The mails for British North America and the United st ates will be made ep on the evening of F, b. 8. 'f.he mails lee Gibraltar, Malta, Gr.ece, the lonien Islands, Egypt, Ceyloa, India, and China, via Sont.%amrdn, will be made up on the morning of Feb. 20. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Den—littotant, Pt. 4 to Afternoon, S O.:ea . T, non .4. — mar, 3 A 17,0 Aftenoos. LONDON, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 1. THE Speech with which the crown or its ministers now open the parliamentary session, is often, as we yesterday observed, a feeble and timid indication of the intended policy of the government. Our con sciousness of this precludes the but too ready censure which the perusal of such a royal speech as that before us would provoke. Viewed in itself, as the qe-all and the end-all of ministerial intentions, with its promises strictly construed, we should call it almost a finality speech, notwithstanding Lord JOHN RessELL's recent and happy disclaimer of the justice of that epithet. The speech is more like the political testament of a de funct party than the programme which a hopeful and vivacious body of statemen might be expected to put forth. But remembering that in 1846 when Sir ROBERT PEEL had his ministerial speech, announcing the total repeal of the corn laws, already concocted, the royal speech contained but the most vague indications of it, we are encouraged to hope that the nullity of the speech from the throne in 1830 may lead to a similar contrast. To one branch of policy, however, to one series of measures, those which have opened and consolidated free trade, ministers are not only determinately but openly stanch. There is no paltering here, no am biguous expression ; and ministers deserve for this the full credit which Mr. CounEN so lately allowed them, although the startling coincidence of prosperity and success in the results of each measures, as well as the adhesion and support of all that is eminent or in telligent even amongst the tory party, left any falter ing on the part of the whige impossible. We should, however, bear in mind that however irrefragable the principles of free trade, they might have been put in practice under circumstances more trying, when the necessity of them was not so urgent, and when the good malts were not so manifest. The liberal party in the country, therefore, ought not to grow supine by triumph, nor neglect to secure the material rights and equality thus obtained, by a proportionate possession of elec toral rights and political influence. Though beaten in the field of argument, and overwhelmed by ad verse facts, the agricultural interest still retains its mastery over the legislature, whenever it may think the opportunity favourable for re-asserting that mastery. And most assuredly, if something be not done to apportion out political and electoral power to the great body of the citizens and consumers equably, there is no single right or advantage now enjoyed by the people that may not again be ram imbed from them in an hour of popular torpor and aristocratic remotion. Fortunately, these motives press strongly upon ministers, as far as the sister kingdom is concerned ; and not only these motives, but the stronger ones of decorum and necessity. The electoral body in Ire land has literally died out, being starved or ejected. When constitutional government is attacked as a mockery by writers so powerffil as Mr. CAR LYLE, it is advisable not to allow it to be come quite a mockery, or to permit a whole kingdom to sink into the condition of •