The Express. — London, England, 1855-01-04 00:00:00

L REPORT ON THE CHOI THE BLACK BEA FLEET. Sip W. Burnett, M.D., Director-tn..— medical Department of the Navy, has presented On the Lords of the Admiralty a report on the cholera which attacked the fleet in the Black Sea in August 1834, more particularly am relates to her Majesty's ships Britannia, Albion, and Trafalgar. The report has just been printed by order of the Lords Commis sioners. We give to-day a summary of thm first por tion of the document. About the beginning of July, the sth French re meat of the Wm arrived at Gallipoli in a steamer from Marseille", w him I believe, cholera existed at the time of her dew tom. Mr. Dees mentions that "it broke out on board the weed daring the passage, and four pr five men died of le, Bowe after the arrival of this regiment at Gallipoli sow divisions of the French army marched for Yarns, Yd carried the discus with them ; these divisions, it was muted, though not on good authority, lost twenty men on the march.' " Bat it is trite certain that cholera made its spptifaOCll at or Deaf N area soon after their arrival ; at first it was confined almost reclusively to the divisions which had come from Gallipoli, bat it afterwards spread osteasively throughout the camp." Oa the 21st of July a decided case occurred in the British hospital at Varna : the disease thea spread rapidly to the sea wad& the walla Ia camp, though the majority of the goot *aims smoked were at the time patients under Insaiseg Is the lassoital for other diseases. On the 22nd glesheeet with great severity Is the camp at Devine, dill tr obint oilmen miles distant from Yarns, but not IMPS die hos from Al:adeen. Free communication had boo hops well the while between the different British Wed blellikamp. It is further added, " that the French wog WeeellMited before either of ours by at least f bp SI were MN of their steamer at Baljick ; but them pew* arrived from Gallipoli and Marseilles had suffered wo moueas biz dsys bef.ge the disease attacked any of our wide , Os these grounds alone it might be inferred that doiliffase wee of foreign origin. Mndatthe months of Miy and June the British fleet have been employed sometimes is cruising off of Bulgaria, or off the south and south-west shores tithe Crimes, and at other times at anchor off Varna and BOA. The mews of the respective vessels, with the es eeptMu of a slight scorbutic diathesis, ceased by the long antinued use of salt provisims nod the want of vegetables, were in the enjoyment of robust health, and is most excel km spirits; bat towards the latter end of June, and early le July, tiareliced complaints became more numerous than pod wags the vessels approached the land, but more par oggle*wbra they anchored off either of the above ports, Iwo I haw reason to believe that these were rather of 1.611• 1 1 than of a choleraic character ; still, when it bisledearrwa that cholera had broken out in the allied red that transports were arriving (about the 2nd and Seared from Varna with the disease on board, it insn Seared that it would extend to the;fieet also, as OM was as reason to believe'; hat it lay beyoad the reach des epidemic influence. igemetiemary measures were therefore adopted in the E d oo so g of th. vessels. The men were cautioned to live ftapanosay sod to abstain from eating too freely of vigi -1-oh& head it. The question of going to sea was at the • Ilse mooted, but the urgent necessities of the service eggieM ti love rendered this impracticable. Meanwhile finallennweleatima appears to have been kept up between dosed the fleet, though the disease at the time was ▪ entesdioe throughout the cantonments both at Tans mot Babick. DlANOXD.—Aecording to the medical returns the Dim mead wee the first vessel in which the epidemic made ib appearance. She had anchored on the 7th of July at fialpek in shore of the linemf-battle ships. lier ere. wee the in perfect health, but on the 9th, 12th, and 13th armor diarrbces, accompanied with prostration of the vied peen" occurred amongst them ; and on the 14th of July a frisch steamer, the Frimogurt, arrived from Toulon, and several ot her crew were affected with cholera, she WOO mat ia 'hereof the English squadron to be cleared out, a is embargo a sort of quarantine. The weather at the ti was tempestuous, and the wind blew towards the Dimmed bow the position of this steamer and her tents. On the night of the 16th oae of the Diamond's Crew WOO attacked with collapse, rice-water purging, 'omitting,' imps, mid other unequivocal symptoms of cholera, but h wee not followed by any other case of a similar nature ski the 20th, when 'berated attacks began to be preys hat, though they again speedily disappeared when the ship misered further off the shore. of t6.' Immediately after the occurrence of the first can gnat Mention was paid by the executive officers to improve the unitary condition of the ship; the ventilation was made mwe perfect by means of large windsails, and the breathing mete en the lower deck was increased by removing the mei bags, and by causing each watch alternately to sleep la maindeck. The evils of overcrowding were thus in nme season obviated. Ms introduction of cucumbers and green fruit was pro bided, and orders were issued that the water should not be sad add it had remained • night in the tanks ; the cor pads and sentries were instructed to report every man who rued the head frequently. T►e ship remained in her new anchorage until the 11th of law, and then went to sea with several vessels in wbieh ths disease had broken out in 'a most virulent form, yet, lough she remained does by the latter, there did not occur utter case deserving of the name of cholera amongst her maw util the end of September, when there were two slight mm which appear to have been ctntracted somewhere off •Crimea. Rem u will be seen, was a vessel which lay in the midst the fleet, in the very focus of the supposed epidemic at m/4m and much more disadvantageously situated as re ptile land emanations than others in which the disease had Meknes% yet the hot blasts of wind, which were supposed Cr so injurious to their crews, paved almost harmlessly Iva the "Diamond," a circumstance whieb, if them lads ha l in reality been charged with any element di mutat to health, it would be difficult to explain by any eltheleknowledged laws which govern atmospheric move ment. ERUPTION OF TUE EPIDEMIC AT VARNA. Its disease appears to have broken out at Baljick and Tim math aboat the same time, at the latter place it had Mead rapidly from the French camp on the north through na Immediate British and French encampments, and the lima Varna, to the British cavalry camp on the south 'at side of the bay. By the 27th July, cases had terminated 104 m more than one of the transports lying off the Rasa ad the Veiny, French war steamer, which lay la the Sanspareil, was reported to have lost NM mu by the epidemic during the 29th and Os the following day the first fatal case la warred is the British fleet took place in the Wsil. The man declared he had been in perfect p a the moment of his seizure : about four o'clock Wismoraing ha was roused out of his sleep by seven It, sad other unmistakeable symptoms of cholera, mid tens of a variety of remedial MeLUITIIII he died about ilk tad is the evening. The case appears to have been Ms heal by a samession of diarrhccal attacks occurring nee ffdatif August, when two other deaths front alien Id plus, mad the diarrhmol attacks began to ammo a aa am serious aspect ; the vessel censequently a dui *tom sea ; another death occurred on the 14th, bmt defile the diens, appears to have gradually abated. Ilkidelimennion arrived at Varna on the 29th of Ink, ✓- ink, cruised for some days previously before Be h r Diamlicez had been prevalent amongst the eetelea Illitaishetbsr this wasamongst men who had toms& liseisatetth the shore in the beginning of the monthald Lis* If WI stated, or whether it was more ffIgIIMMS / lei Ole class of men than another, es regards their MP to any amused emoting cause. TN Ant einsiemind cholera occurred on the 4th of August, alma the • n the &aphorise, three days after she left'ffane a all probability, it was con'ractsd. There wen the bth, which also proved fatal. On die sailed from the Bosphorus, and arrived m 10th, between which and Varna she remalmild of September, and then sailed with the INS TIM total number of diarrheas' attacked I amounted to 128; the total numbered a to 17, of which 15 torasiaald the 4th of August sad t h e 30th of 8•91. Is occurred amongst a party of marine. had been employed on board transmit% tart' stores, and bullocks, at Vaifea ezeitiog poison ezieted within nee in a mach more potent fos * or that the predisposing/Mien the last death whit:llllMM* apt mbar, off Old Fart, on the Crime.% de losing altirether in the mien Me Teem VOW/ appear to have with the Sanspareil, off Verne, bee 4134 Of Ascot, when they also pot to mane W !demise 'scream in the another of dianlmed termer there was one fatal case of cholera as 'rue. and another on the 18th. On the a Vams, where she remained until she of September for the Crimea. Betwees am of the latter meath three other fatal ; whetter the men had any communicatios is sot mentioned. The first fatal case is also occurred os the 13th of August other ships, had been prevalent fee Altogether there occurred twelve scrim proved fatal ; five of these .ratted at Varna, and two after the Crimean come: but, as in the returns _ vessel, there is no mention made as to ttn ears bad been employed on duties out of two small steamers, were both prevalence of the pestilence ; the one the 20th of August, and the other from at to the sth of September; yet in the occurred one case of cholera, which re. in the latter, one, which proved fatal. Thal of the Candoe mentions that, as regards a vessel, their exemption from cholera to their having been lea exposed es cause of the disease than the crews of vls lying at the same anchorage. This for if the cause had been generally it is difficalt to imagine how the -_-- -veld have escaped, while others Related so severely. her imolai* and see of by cholera Whets the 7th sad 19th of August. ring OF wWW anunleto Ire TER sum AT w•Lirch The AIM ere in thisdivision oft.. Beet was • solitary um . whialh monmetlim the Diamond en the 16th of July, et least tM days bum the illeierale tendency was observed in any el one ship, ei VW r whether at IS or is harbour. About the besimaias el August, however, diathesis' eamplaiata, gradually sesumieg • seen severe form, isri A M SO be of frequent oceurreues in the Britannia, Lesion, Redasy, Trafalgar, mid in mem& vt-hieTtilad mosiored in the bay on the 31st of July, r and I. away histaasee they latterly assumed a decided chulegelo elhereeter ; but on the 7th there carened a distinct cam elf dieters is the London, which terminated Wally on theses* day. After this other cases, both of cholera and diarrhea, leek place until the 10th, when the ship went to sea. 4:16 the following day a sewed death occurred, and there was mother on the 14th, lon the 18th, and lon the 18th. On tbe 20th the ship returned to Baljiek, where a sixth leek place on the 24th. On the 7th of September she sailed for the Crimea, off which there were three additiasal deaths from cholera between the Bth and 30th of September. the last case which ter minated in death on the 30th. was contracted on shoos whore the man had been employed assisting to tarry the wounded soldiers off the field after the battle of the I Alma. Though the crew of this vessel was, as will be noticed presently, equally exposed with the crew of the Britannia to all the 'stemmata exciting causes of cholera prevalent at Baljiek, yet they suffered but little in ccinpari son. In three months there did not occur more than 121 eases of diarrham, and 17 of cholera, of which nine only proved fatal. Britannia.-On the 9th of August the disease in its more malignant form broke out simultaneously in the Britannia, Albion, Furious, Trataltiar, sad Tribune. Mr. Rees, a of the Britannia, in ono of his reports, states that up re l t il l e e e time when the cholera made its appearance on board, tbs mew bad been in the enjoyment of most excellent health, idles the 30th July, when they anchored at Baljiek, they time in • most favourable condition to encounter the eph donde, which was then raging in the French Beet lying in tbois immediate vicinity. The ship anchored about a mile Dees the shore under the chalky cliffs on the coast of Itou tMlfa first days of August were oppressively bet, and a dead calm generally prevailed throughout the bay. Diehl:Kos began to appear immediately after our arrival, and every succeeding day aided many fresh cases to the list, so that by the Bth they amounted to 50, and by the 9th to 89. Hitherto they had been very mansgeable, hut on the 9th one case merged into cholera On the day following the applicants suffering from diarrhom became still more numerous, and the cases gene. rally more severe, but more numerous still and more diffi cult to treat on the 11th and 12th. There bad also occurred during these last three days a few isolated cases of cholera, three of which terminated in death. By this time the disease bad also made its appearance in several of the other ships, and most of the medical officers had peened their captains to put to sea. I had myself given the same advice, and the Commander-in• Chief, premed on all sides, quitted Baljiek on the morning of the 12th. As the ship drew oat of the bay, she got hp, advantage of the prevailing north east breeze. The patients did well on that day and on the following. On the night of the 13th the b freshening, the lower deck ports had to be cloud, but the ventilation by means of wind-sails was maintained to the fullest cutest practicable by such imperfect means. On that night, and towards the following morning, a fresh case of cholera, with collapse, occurred , but the applicants with diarrhmt were sot more numerous than they had b. cn during the previous night. As the day advanced, however, there was a marked change for the worm in all the diarrhceil cases ; one of these patients, as he walked into the sick-bay at the morning visit, fell into • state of collapse, whilst three other men presented themselves who appeared to have approached the very verge of cholera. About 10 am , the great outbreak com menced, but as a minute description of the scene which followed would be foreign to my purpost„ a few bars facts and figures must be left to to :1 the tale of an invasion which, for the suddenness of its advent, the tempest violence with which it raged, and the wreck it left behind, has surpassed, perhaps, everything of the kind in the annals of the service. I have mentioned the merited alteration in the cues of diarrhma observed on the morning of the 14th. This unfavourable change might be attributed to the closed parts, and the consequent defective ventila tion, but, being at sea, one entire watch was of course kept constantly on deck. It is therefore difficult to account for the outbreak which took place on this fatal day; although some of the seamen and officer. have since spoken of a peculiar dense cloud which passed over this ship and the Albion on the 13th. The 61.4 to be attacked were the men already on the list for diarrheas, several of whom fell into a state of collapse one after the other ; but about the same time, robust, healthy men, who had fallen suddenly down in a state of collapse, began to be brought in from various parts of the ship, even from the yards, where they were seised while reefing sails. The duties of the medical officers became now almost overwhelming ; men, struck down in the manner described, were brought in so frequently, and in such numbers, that the senior assis tant and myself had to devote our satire energies to such pressing Mill only, whilst the other assistant had to stand at the table in the nick bay, dispensing medicines toe stream of men complaining of dierrhcos, both real and imaginary, for • panic had now seized the crew. The scene continued for many hours ; and it was not until the following morn ing, when at length the panic became less, that the names of the patients, living and dead, could be inserted in the sick list. From the 14th to the 17th, bath days included, there occurred 201 cases of choler's, and 93 deaths. The experiment of putting to sea having in our are failed, the propriety of returning to the anchorage was determined upon ; but we had, in the meantime, been driven to leeward by a strong north-eaxt wind, and there was, consequently, an inevitable delay in getting back to Baljiek. Ihe necessity of returning to port became daily more evident, by the continued violence of the scourge, sad the now crowded state of the middle deck, where the die charge. from the bowels and stomachs of the sick, and the want of adequate ventilation, had contributed to render the ship at length, in my opinion, the laboratory of pest poison. On the 17th we gained the roadstead of Beljick, and finding the place lull of empty transports, all the sick and the healthy, with the exception of officers, sentries, and two boats' crews, were transferred to them, the bad eyes beiog selected for the Apollo. Only 22 cases of cholera occurred afterwards, and nearly all the victims were men who had been in close attendance on their sick niessmates, and had accompanied them to the transports. There is one gratify ing circumstance, however-the dismiss was net communi cated to the crews of the latter. The sick and healthy having been removed into the transports, the more healthy were selected and brought on board the following dsy Mclean the ship. The decks were first washed and sprinkled with the chloride of hoe, which was several lima freely applied to every other part of this ship; she was also repeatedly fumigated." The arrival of the awed in port, the separation of the sick from the healthy, the cleansing and fumigating, together with better ventilation, was supposed to have arrested the progress of the disease; though this war, perhaps, due to the Improved ventilation principally. If, indeed, it had not been necessary to close the ports there is great reason to believe that the improve ment which took place in the health of the crew when the ship first went to sea would have continued, and that they would have escaped in a great measure the subsequent fearful catastrophe. This is the more probable, as ship was thoroughly clean throughout, and the mew in good health. The total number of cases of dberbcca which occurred during this terrible visitation Illaleiwated to 398, the total number of cases of cholera to 219, of which 139 terminated in death. The total number of men bora' on the ship's books when the disease broke out, amounted to about 1,040, so that the loss was about 13 per cent. of the whole crew. The following table shows the number of deaths each day between the Bth and the 27th August: On the Bth of August there was 1 death ; 9th, none ; 10th, 1 ; 11th, 1 ; 12th, 1 ; 13th, none; Itch, 13; lath, 45; 16th, 21; 17th, 14; 18th, 14; 19 th, 9 ; 20 tb , 5 ; 21 . t, 2 ;_22nd, 3; 23rd, 1; 24th, 2 ; 2 5 th, 3 ; 26113, 2 ; 27th, 1. Os those attacked on the Bth of August, 1 died ; 9th, 1 ; 10th, 1 ; 11th, 1; 12th, 0; 13th, 0; 140, 57; 16th, 38; 16th, 17; 17tb, 12 ; 18th, 6; 19th, 1 ; 20th, 1; 21st, 2. Both these tables distinctly show the dreadful virulence the diem, acquired immediately after the night of the 13th. It is to be regre tted th at the total number of attacks each day cannot given, as the sick book has not yet been received; but of those on whom it may be sup posed the poison took effect on the above night, 67 were speedily hurried out of existence. Bad all the meals remained in the Bay of Baljiek, in daily communication with the infected tors, and but *perfectly ventilated, it is knowable to alining what the MMeteponces might have been ; the mortality was great as it was. bat there is every reason to believe it would have Ism mak grater- for, with the exception of th e Britan nia, tits *wee of the disease appears to have been completely broken in every vessel • few days after they sailed from Balj ick and Varna. The number daily attacked dim in i shed, as did the virulence of the discus itself, while in some Pamela it teamed entirely. The greater fatality of the disease in the Britannia than in any of the other ships, appears to me to have been owing entirely to the wont of adequate ventilation, caused by her large insapleatist of men, sod the necessity there was for &slag the WOW deck ports during the gale which =ed tin *lit el** 13th-en exigency that could ea nave bass hiesseth atharwis• it might perhaps have bow better had site rentaissd at the anchorage in the Bay MB Deljick until the weather moderated. Though every masse INTO adopted to throw freshsir down into the lower ellaitieed by Mr. Rees, that this , especially whthe igloos of the ship by the um of windeails, it i s w en ell knporown,ta Mimi, is but an imperfect mode of ventilat ion .; their min la ibeguently interrupted by their being taken abosic t " M isseequesea of the wind . ehtftiog, or of the altered "of the ship or the sails with respect te the win THE QUEEN V. NEWTON.—The two defendant. in this ems, it will be remembered, were convicted at the last Nubs of the Central Criminal Court for an assault on Mr. Her, and adjudged to an imprisonment In Newgats—one to nine and the other to three months. Since the trial the imprisonment has been altered from Newgate to Horse monger•lane Gaol, as the offence wu committed In Surrey . The defendants were accordingly removed to the county gaol soon after the sentence, and have been lodged in the department allotted to Ant-class misdemeanants, in which plass many privileges are allowed to prisoners. CZTUTAL PALACE, JAN. 3. SHILLING DAT.— Advaieska at the doors, 2,060; admission by mama tinker, 786 ; total, 2,326. LETTERS FROM THE: CRIMEA. TIOX • !Metal IX TUI 46SX. Dear Joe,—l now take the pleasure of writing In pump these few lines, hoping they will find you as this leaves me at present, la good health, thank God Almighty for it, after using so many of my poor comrades laid low in the grave. If you were here tone what we see every day it would make year heart ache ; but it is no use, we must stand it or die, that is the only remedy. We are up to our very knees is mud in camp, and not likely to get out of it yet. We and the French are getting up a new battery to play on the Russian menoof-war, but the weather is so wet that all the horses and man we have could not get the guns up. If the weather holds fine for a few days we may be able to do a little more. Ido not like to tall you all. We have about 20 mien of the grenadien fit for duty out of 120. We have lost the most by the bowel complaint, poor fellows. Ab ! Ice sickness here is wone than th e cannon bell. So me of your old chums are all right yet—Bill Abrahams, T. Abbott, Bieber, 11• Neill, Carter, T. Smith. Poor T. Harlow was shot by a cannon shot free. the Thirsiene, and George Dignam, and we have a great many wounded. The wont work we have at present fe standing in the entrenchments for twelve, and it used to be for 24 hours, in the wind and rain, cold and sleet, and no room to move, or be shot, u the Russians fire night and day. They fin more by night than by day. If it was fine weather here it would not be so bad, but every day it is nothing but rein. Who do you think I have seen here to-day but old Davey Miller, as well as ever ; he belongs to the 4th Division. You may thank God that you are not here; all the finest and strongest men in the regiment are gone. Southgate is dead, and the rest are gone—J. Smite, J. Anderson, Sergeant Wesley Pepe', In fact all the pioneers, Billy Boyd. They are taken at night, and dead in the =mini:. Joe Connolly lost his leg in the battle of the sth of November. We ji at missed that ; we were on our passage. We wen at Constantinople the Sunday it was fought. and landed here on the Bth Nov. We have lost through sickness about 150 or more men since. We are at present as near to Sebastopol as we can go ; in fact, they eon send their shot and shell In some parts of our camp, and we expect a regular turn out before long. While lam scribbling these few hats the shot and shell are not far from me. I have sot written home, but I received your letter that you directed to Windsor; it went to the depot at Winchester, then out here. Stamps are of no use except you have three, but it ID Ass little odds here about stamps. If you could send me a sheet of paper or a newspaper, and if you could manage to sand me an ink powder, as we can. not get any ink. I hope, please God, to be able to send you as account of the taking of Sebaropol. I have hardly time he write this, and am doing so with a bit of grease and a rag lit for a light, while the rest of the poor chaps in the tents are trying to sleep. I hops you will excuse all mistakes, sad I hope I may live to see you in old Ragland again. 1 have had no sickness yet, but I think I ant pearls the only man in the regiment that has not had a touch of the bowel complaint. Do not forget the newstaper and ir,k powder. The vessel that brought us oat, the Prince, went to pieces in the gale we had a few days after landing. I can say no more till next time, so no more from your old chum, J. Bohan. = worm WUIIIIII 1 1110113 Pi; leziesen MI eed exciting cauei of anmatied on the 4th 11.11111 % MOO lawpbons, three di 111 . 1 .111 r geelmbility, it was co UN rile kb, which also Si MW Nib/ inns the 800 lea Nee 11da, between which • fms 7111 of September, and th Al Calm no total number Idiom amounted to 128 Lfebiera to 17, of sem rissesm the 4th of Augu d Ilms• OCCIITTIId among sib Amok had been employe Imeas, military stone, a that the exciting Poi INN& in a mach •%•le dgmwegassoli, or that ' 0d0,...,41be1ied After the last dielPtriaher, off Old Fe declined, losing altlf 6 Pl N g li splidemie ek arse ter. Idd Selleroption.-1 hese st misker, with the Sena lames Llth of Aspust, when ham slansiso; increase in t lads bran then wu one die left Vane, sad another MINN to Varna, when s Ith et Saytamber for ari Nth of the Mum m °NNW ; wheals, the sass ihms is sot isamiemsd. m omilits• ohs «caned ea fir as Is the other ships. Is Altogether of which seem pro Ustracted at V as Ohms coast: •si foreefist mink, there is x 01 . Ma bed berm emplt jlt medal and Meyers, two sm dertag the prevalence of 17th to the 20th of Ault "% of An gut to the sth of 111 . 10 Nap °coined one ea lad la tka latter, one, wl of the Candoe WI 1";Itillown vessel, their e % *scribed to their hay* th exciting eaue of the di di* other mink lying at th 1 _ ike ere ; for if the n mike could diM 11 ,thme tiro vassals ha, 1 0 then sedisred 00 000071 • 1080 iseptaia YON% lostwees the 7th as • THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 4, 1855. FROM 0111 OF TI) CONNAUGHT RANOZBA. Camp berate Sebastopol, Dec. 3, 1854. My dear Mother,—l received your kind letter, which gave me great pleasure. I was delighted to find that you and my sister, and all friends, were well. In the letter before this, I lint you a pound ; I thought I would be able to send more, but could not get it. We were served out with a new kit, which came to V. 155., and which we ought to get fur nothing—but aster the war is over we will be credited with the money again. Before we got the clothes we were in a mat ragged state. lam now three months without taking off my clothes, except to brush them ; ana eight month, without sleeping in any bei, other than the cold vase. We had good times until we came to Rusioia, bat now we are nicely situated, lying these two months in front of Sebutopol, firing day and night ever since at it, and ell to no purpose, although the English papers said it would be taken in tea days by siege. Now the siege is going on these 43 days, and no sign of its being taken, and will, except at the point of the bayonet—less which, no doubt, we will suffer a great loes—it is expected some thousands. There is double the army in Sebastopol that we have here, and one of the beet fortifications in the world, except Gibraltar. There is a Russian army in rear of as to the amount of 80,000. I fought at Alma with my regi ment, and, thank God, got safe. We lost 17, between killed and wounded. In the skirmish at Gletigannous ' Farm, we lost none. At the capture of Balaklava, we had one man wounded. In the battle of Balaklava, last none ; but in the battle of Inkermann, we lost 184 out of five companies. I cannot describe the great numbers other re ' giments have lost. Some regiments are losiog from sto 12 daily with sickness, but we have last none, thank God. The Light Division, to which I belong, is the leading division of tie British army—the first every place —even at Alma, we were the first that crobed the river, and beat beck the Russians, with the assistance of the heavy division, for which we got little credit. Our regiment captured Bala kiss., and no other. Even at lakermana—the last battle— our regiment, when run short of ammunition, charged a nine-gun battery (belonging to the Russians) with flied bayonets, what a loot regiment was , I believe, known to do before. After taking it, the Russians took it spin, and we re-took it from them. The artillery ceptein cried out to his men, " Come, my boys, man your guns that the Connaught Rangers are after taking for you. ' If an English regiment did that, all sorts of news would be in the papers about ; but you know we are an Irish and a catbo• to ri gimlet ; but thank God our forefathers, in former days, gained credit for us, and now we have done the same, fur we call 'tintless God's and the Blessed Virgin's own regi ment, and I am sure we are so, for it shows that she is praying to her loving Son for us. I hope, my desr mother, you are also praying for me, as all the mothers in Ireland are doing for their sons. We have the priest attached to us since we landed in Turkey; be calls our regiment his own regiment. Our rations are very scanty; we got only halt a-pound of biscuit every day; some days half a-pound of pork, and other days a quarter-pound of meat; and some days none at all. It did not stop raining this month We have one night and two days out of five in our tents; bat every night and day we are in front of Sebastopol, with no covering from the rain and snow but one blanket. It is very cold. I hope in God, if He spares my life, I will be able to send you some money. If not, you can get it your self—that is, if lam killed. I but my comrade the other day ;he had his leg shot off. He was from the West, and l brother-in-Saw to I remain, my dear mother, your loving are, THOMAS) SCULLY, 88th, or Connaught Mangers. To Mn. Scully, widow, Bowling-green, Galway, Ireland. MODEL OF KENILWORTH CASTLE AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE. The following is a description of the model of Kenilworth Castle, exhibited by Mr. Albert Smith, in the great transept of the Crystal Palace. An endeavour has been made to represent the actual visit of Queen Eiisabeth 1 to Kenilworth, in July, 1677—n0t the beautiful fiction of Sir W. Scott founded on that visit. The authorities used lace Lanai= and Oaacoigne, the latter a poet, both eye witnesses of and sharers in the sports and pageantries enacted there. The garden originally stood N.E., to the right of the spectator ; but it became impossible to exhibit that side of 'the castle in consequecce of no vestige of the frontage re. seething. For the present view there is ample testimony. The modeller has, therefore, ?entered to remove the garden ornaments into the " Base Court," a deviation that gives the power of showing the bridge erected on purpose that her Majesty might enter by a path untrodden before—a compliment as great and much more re fined than the gross flattery to which the fa shion of the day subjected royalty. The usual entrance was on the S.W. side, wow the lake. Pierced obelisks and spheres are mentioned amongst the de corations, likewise a fountain of Atlas bearing a basin (to the right of the bridge near the castle), and a comment is made on the dazzling effect of the quantity of whits free stone in the garden. Placed on the bridge were offerings from the gods on "pastes" at certain di/teams, such as wise, birds in cages, fruit, corn, fish, armour, and musical instru ments. Behind the Queen and the Earl of Leicester, for discretion's sake, is an aged couple, intended for Lord Chancellor Burleigh and Lis wife. The other figures are merely Murders and court ladies. On the first terrace to the left, near the Apollo Belvidere, is a poet with his "scroll," in a "cerulean gown ." sitting by hint a minstrel. Further on, a group dressed in the garb of heathen mythology; Mercury and Ceres, Day and Night, dazes to the pipes of satyrs; Man and Apollo regale themselves with a can of beer; whilst Minerva lowly (as Wisdom should be), and Juno, in her car of state, look on in silent dignity. To the r ight of the bridge, on the low ground, are a set of Morrie-dancers, Friar Tuck run ning to join them. Still more to the right, and • little more forward, a greenman ; and a wodehouse or savage man, who met the Queen is one of her rides daring the visit, and, throwing away his club, pretended to be tamed by the eight of her beauty. More things are named in the descriptions, but as they were out of the epees chosen for the picture, it was th slight better not to crowd them into the scene. For other ornaments the maker is accountable. Italy at that tine being far in advance of England, and Leicester a man of taste and expense, it is not improbable he should send for oasts of some of the most noted statues. The bear and ragged staff, as Leioester's cognition', is often repeated ; the eagles are meant to denote his seanng ; the @physics, his doubtfuljoable chameaum The liddie would lead on the right to Argent/ay (still cassaba); ea the left to the tilt. yarelt which formed a lesadary to the lake that emended from the tilt-yard half essadthe castle nada the wall. To keep as sear as possible to the spitit of the time, and forma pleasing picture, has been the object aimed at. Kenilworth was built ems after the Conquest, by the Earl Clinton ; named through many heads during the unsettled centuries of he sally instates ; was frequently possessed by the crows, sod liseteteed ea favourites ; thus, as a gift from Queen E lossune the Earl of blaster's; on his death, it lb lie ses. who very nos lost it by an act of Wank*. Itio asee only the run of a ruin, the pro , piny snarl Oksenisn. • Tao we% Irmo ssi sesainealn an owed in cork. PHOTOGRAPHY A CRIMINAL DETECTOR. Irma to Chaste Doily Nail.) - - We lately tilled attention to the efraumstaioa that Ceptaia Smelt, the superintendent of pollen in Glasgow, ane/noised the introduction of &system of taking the por traits of the thieves end vagabonds who posed through his hands, by the ;photographic process, for the peeper of faci litating their detection and of bringing them to point., in the event of their removing to other /realities. We was thee shown an earnest of that gentleman's intentions in • very authentic likene ss o f an old Welab beggar, who had bees picked up for sorbing. Binee that period, however, the subject has been in abeyance.. From the first we saw it was bent with difficulties, but we hesitated not to say that thaw would disappear before the progress of the art, end that photography wtnld eventually be t dto go a d amount in detecting so d repressing crime A shut time ago en Edinburgh contemporary very clearly pointed out the choose which crime had assumed since the intro , duetion of railroads and steamers. It had become mush more migratory and peripatetic In its character. New Blames of thieves had sprites up, designed to suit the changed habits of the people, on the plunder of whom they esisted. Ooe clue continuously travelled by steamer, while soother was closely attached to railway sea tloas. This. never confined their operations to one part of the country for any length of time, but were con- I tinselly changing their habitats to avoid detection. Oar contemporary proposed to meet this growing and dangerous evil by establishing a national police, to be composed of men who, without assuming any distinctive uniform by which they could be reap nised as police detectiees, might travel anywhere and everywhere over the great channels of conveyance through. out the country, and who would make it their study to dodge, hunt down, and bring to justice those migratory prof.saional thieves. The scheme is plausible, and well fitted to root out th e ev il, b ut i t is nevertheiese yet far distant, for it could only be introdu ed by a considerable change in the present police machinery of the country, I which we see no early prospect of obtaining. As an ap proxinetion to this system, however, the photographic plea offers great advantag e s, in illUtration of which we might give a ease which occurred last week, when a young man and woman were convicted before one of our police courts of shoplifting, and sent for sixty days to prison. The offence was a grave one, and the award was the extreme limit the magistrate could give. The prisoners were total strangers to the police. One gientlenian how. ever, connected with the detective force, perhaps frcm zoo. five, of curiosity, communicated a minute description of them to the Dublin police, suspecting from the accent of the prisoners that they came from that city. The result proved that the man had been no less than eighteen times in prison in Dublin, twelve of these for thefts, and the woman six times in prison for the same offence; in short, that they were professional thieves, who had just changed the scene of their predations from Dublin to Glasgow. Had this been known before their can was disposed of they could have been dealt with u habit and repute thieves, bat under the present system they may pan on from one locality to another, reaming the 011017// of the petty courts, and being treated a persons brought up for the first time, instead of being transferred ta the highest criminal court in the country, and disposed of in terms of their deserts. Now, the aid photography would give in discover'ng the real character of such offenders will be at once apparent. A mutual interchange of portraits of noted thieves would fnrm a most valuable and interesting pertinent of the police establish ment of • great city. The question of expense will soon disappear before the following evidence of one who has tested the photographic process in the way we have indi- I rated : Mr. J. A. Gardiner, the Governor of the Bristol Gaol, has just addressed a circular letter to the governors of others of her Majesty's gaols in the United Kingdom, in which he states: " The advaLtsges which I have myself seen derived from the use of photography as an aid to the administration of criminal joetice are such that I am induced to make an elf irt to procure its general adoption throughout the king dom. The importance of being 'babied in the cases of all hardened criminals to prove previous convictions must be too self-evident to dwell upon ; neither dose it require ergo ment to show that the difficulties hitherto in the way of such proofs have been always numerous and often insur mountable. When the convict has been sent back for • second time to the same gaol the required evidence has been easily procurable, but it is well known to all who have been concerned is criminal administration that the most cunning, the most skilled, arid the most daring offenders are migratory in their habits ; that they do not locate them selves in a particular town or district, but extend their ravages to wherever there is the most open field for crime, or where the chances of plunder most present themselves ; i that this is the case will be attested by the police of almost every large city, whose experience wilt havetailed to connect the most extensive and best planned robberies with their resident known thieves. A knowledge of the foregoing troths induced me a few years ago to desiderata some mode by which descriptions of committed prisoren suspected of pre vious coevictions might be circulated among the governors of leading gaols, but numerous difficulties at first presented themselves ; periodical visits of inspection might be useful, hut theillfinould have two great disadvantages—first, they would withdraw the.governor or confidential officer too fre quently from his gaol duties; end, secondly,they would entail expenses which the counties could not bear. Written de scriptions, in very marked cues, might be effective; but as in the great majority of instances it would W found int poesible to make them sufficiently precise, they would only tend, where persons were sent to identify, to frequent die. appointosints and useless expense. Photography then sug gested itself to my mind, and it became at once apparent that if I could devise some means of making the operation sufficiently sudden, I might, in Kona of cases, even with out the koowkdge of the prisoner, procure his likeness, a very icon of himself, of which, being capable of multiplica tion to any extent, I might transmit a copy to wherever it might promise to lead to useful results. Twelve months' continuous steely of the system has enabled me to perfect it. I have now an apparatus in my gaol which I use daily. I have rendered it most subservient to the object for which it was designed, and through its use have brought to justice several hardened offenders who, being unknown in my neighbourhood, would otherwise have escaped with inade quate punishment. J. H. came into the Bristol gaol upon commitment for trial a perfect stranger to me and my officers ; he was well attired, but very illiterate ; the state of his hands convinced me that he had not done any hard wore, while the superiority of his apparel over his attainments led me to suspect that he was a practised thief ; I forwarded his likeness te several places, and soon received information that he bad been convicted in London and Du'lin. The London officer who recog nised him by his portrait was subpcenaedu a witness, picked him out from among thirty or forty other prisoners, and gave evidence on his trial in October last which lea the Recorder to sentence him to six years' penal servitude. J. D. came to the gaol wholly unknown. His person end manners induced me to suspect that it was not his first appearance in a place of confinement; and having mode several copies of his portrait, I sent them round to the governors of diffmnt prisons. He was recognised as having been convicted at Wells; the neomeary witness was cob pcenaed, his former conviction proved, and he was sentenced te four pram' penal servitude. I could mention several instances in which some most notorious thieves, strangers to this part, have been brought to profer punishment. Such having been my own experience, I now appeal to the governors of other gaols to aid me in carry ing out the system upon a broad and a national scale The cost of an apparatus complete will not exceed 101., and it may be worked at an expense of about 51. per annum. I have only to add my wish that you should bring this com munication under the notice of your visiting justices, and to u., should the authorities of any district consider that I can help them, by instructing their officers in the exercise of this most useful art, I shall be happy to do so." It is almost unnecessary for us to add that the letter of Mr. Giardinar is worthy of very serious consideration ; for everybody will BIN the force of turning the most recent coveries of science to account In ameliorating an evil of such stupendous magnitude, and which stares us in the face in the record of preceedings in every criminal court in the kingdom.—Glaagow Daily Mail. EXTRAORDINARY ACCIDENT ON THE GREAT WISTERN RAILWAY.—On Monday an adjourned inquest was held upon the body of Elisabeth Herniate, who had been killed by the tyre flying off one of the wheels of • rail way engine. It appeared that the deceased and her master, Mr. Lees, boat-builder. were standing on the platform of the Swan Village station, when the 8-5 p.m. express train, going at the rate of 40 miles an hour, from Birmingham, came up. Just as It reached the plain where they were standing the tyre of the driving wheel flew off„ knocked up part of the platform, a heavy splinter from which appears to have struck the deceased so violently on the head that she was conveyed bleeding into one of the waiting rooms, where, despite medical attention, she died half an hour afterwards. Her master was struck down senseless, bat sustained no serious injury. It appeared that new tyres had been put upon the wheels of the engine a short time pieviously, and the driver of the engine stated that he examined the engine before starting, and saw nothing out of order. Thomas Chellingworth, civil engineer, said the tyre was 2j inches thick by 5g inches breed. Winien found it bad been broken through, but net at the weld. The fracture had been straight across, and in consequence of this it could not have been broken at the weld, as the latter was in the form of aV. The thick ness of the iron woe sufficient for a tyre. The outside of the iron, of which the tyre was composed, appeared good, but in the interior of the iron the fibres had not extended, and there was a flaw in the iron; where the defect existed the iron could not hold together. He was of opioion that when the tyre was placed on the wheel the flaw could not have been detected, and it would not in all probability have been seen by thine who rolled the troy.—John Thomas, who placed the tyre on the wheel, was next examined, and proved that no defect was visible when the iron was put on the wheel. Verdict, " Accidental Death."— Wolverhamp ton Chronicle. THE RECENT POULTRY SHOW AT MANCHESTER. — The Manchester Guardian says that this show was, pecu niarily, • perfect failure. Instead of • surplus In hand, to be given in aid of the Patriotic Fund, there is • heavy defi ciency to be made good by the members of the msmmittes, out of their own pockets. Before the show oesmerweed an offer was made, as • speculation, to gin SPX fee the four days' receipts; but the committee bad eatssiated that the receipts woeld at least amount to 8001.. if set to 1,0001. As it is, only 1851 ware taken during the few exitibi tioo. The committee, is their report, walla of She abessee of the wealthier alarm THE BOAR] OF TRADE RETURNS. The Board of Trade lleturns for the month and eleven months ending the sth of December last were issued yesterday. The total declared value of the exports of British and Irish pm:duce and manatee lures (including only the "enumerated articles ") 'during the month and eleven months, follows: For tn. Month. For 11 Month,. 18.54 ...... .• £6.771,772 1853 1852 Including the " unenumerated articles" (which have recently been included in the return, so far as regards 1854 only) the month's exports in 1854 are raised to 6,608,4981., and those of the eleven months to 89,747,8331. Confining our selves to the fairer comparison afforded by the " enumerated" list we find that the month's exports show the heavy decrease of 1,836,9881., compared with the corresponding month of 1853, and a decrease of 261,2581., compared with the same month of 1832. The inference to be diawn from this comparison is, that the war, coupled with the glutted state of the Australian markets, is giving a decided check to our exports. On the other hand, the exports of the eleven months of 1854 have been only 1,710,6771. be low those of the corresponding eleven months of 1853, in spite of the enormous expansion of exports by which this last-mentioned period was distin guished ; whilst a comparison with the eleven months of 1852 exhibits a difference of no less than 13,793,704', in favour of 1854. On a general review of the year, therefore, the comparison is highly satis factory, but the immediate tendency is evidently to wards a diminution of activity. The leading items of export for the month are stated as follows : Month ending 6th Dee. 1852. 1863. 1864. £. E. Cotton manufactures 2,045,735 2,940,902 1,773,959 Cotton yarn Linen _ _ , ... manufactures ~ 313;477 449,473 300,109 Linen yarn 111,460 90,358 80.466 Woollen manufactures 627,912 786,674 4(8.830 Woollen yarn 111,708 83,9,56 159,429 Silks (of all kinds) Metals (of all kinds) 837,422 1,239,883 940,690 Leather, unwro u ght an manufactured Haberdashery and mil liner, Hardwares and cutlery . 744,681 3.37.138 290,921 Ones and calm Boor and ale Machinery and millwork 116,514 236,526 149,919 Stationery • Wool Oils • - The only exoeption to tho general decrease, as compared with the same month of 1853, is in woollen yarn and coals. The increase in the exports of this latter article may be due in part to the requirements of our naval expeditions on foreign service. The diminution of activity in the Australian trade is clearly traceable in the falling off in such articles as have been chiefly in favour in those markets. Annexed is a statement of the quantities of the chief articles of food taken for consumption during the month: Month ending f:th December. 18.52. 1853. -- ifiii. Cocoa lbe. 240,777 414,642 443,173 Coffee lbs. 3,509,150 3,000,329 3,368,975 Wheat qrs. 405,446 412,628 114,907 Flour cots. 169,807 294,213 43,719 , Currants nom. 30,923 12,130 32,602 Butter cots. 20,608 35,310 38.443 IRics meta. 90,634 62,986 66,967 Pepper lbs. 3.52,793 298,233 467,260 Rum gals. 298,534 2)9,069 330.965 Brandy gals. 161,310 165,343 167,86.5 Sugar, unrefined,certa. 622,606 690,647 955,569 Tea lbs. 3,910,639 4,707,287 6,304,604 Tobacco lb.. 2,391,719 2,511,642 2.661,041 Wines gals. 615,413 600,716 626,429 The inferences to be drawn from these figures are satisfactory, the ability of the population to consume such large quantities:of foreign and colonial produce furnishing ample proof that the general prosperity of the country is unimpaired. Th e increase in co ff ee, pepper, sugar, and tea is remarkable. In cocoa, tobacco, wines, and other articles of luxury the movement is also favourable. The consumption of foreign breadstuff. continues unusually small, owing to our good harvest. The large increase in the quantity of sugar and tea taken for consumption ap pears to have been partly caused by an apprehension that an increase of duty might perhaps be enacted on the meeting of parliament. As regards sugar, we append a statement compiled by a practical authority : AUDAR IN ORIAT BRITAIN ♦ND IRELAND, THE TWELVE MONTIIB ENDED DEC. 6, FROM GOVERNMENT RETURN.. 1852. 1853. 1854. Raw tons 358,830 365,595 442,554 Refined tons 15,771 17,581 20,146 Molasses tons 10,419 17,611 19,001 Total tons 355,020 400,787 431,701 DUTY PAID. 1852. 1853. 1954. Raw tons 314,046 364,312 398,978 Refined tons 14,036 10,707 14,905 Mohan' tons 14,898 15,750 17,091 Total tons 372,980 390,769 •430,974 Note.—Bdolsetes reduced to sugar at the rate of 1 of the forcer to of the latter. • N.B.—About 10,000 tons of this quantity has probably been paid duty on in the beginning of last month, in expec tation of an increase of the rates, and bag not yet gone into consumption. ROYAL SANTIAGO MINING COMPANY. The half-yearly general meeting of proprietors was held yesterday at the company's offices, Old Broad street. Mr. JOHN TAYLOR, in the absence of Baron Goldimid took the chair. The report, which embraces the principal items in the statement of accounts, set forth that the quantity of copper ore obtained was 495 tons and 33 tons of precipitate, of which 252 tons of ore and 15 tons precipitate have been sold, and produced nett 3,229/. The barque Sir Isaac Lyon Goldemid was despatched in November with coals and ma terials fur the use of the mines, and will return with a cargo of about 420 tons of ore, &c. A part of this cargo is taken into the present account at the estimated nett pro ceeds of 3,1841. and makes with other items the total re ceipts, 6,4131. The monthly accounts in working the mines, transport of ore, con of timber, materials, Ac., amount in the aggregate to 10,8451., Including 1,7501. for rent of pertinencise and for a cargo of tim ber. The sinking of Taylor's shaft, and open. ins the ore ground east and west of the shaft have been vigorously pushed forward. The late letters from the superintendent report the ore to be less concentrated in the lode in the bottom of this shaft than it was, and to the ex tent of 6 fathoms to the east, and 6 to 6 fathoms to the west of it, the lode is now yielding but from 2 to 4 tons per fathom. Considering, however, that over +5,000 tons of ore have already bran obtained and shipped by the company from the Perseverancia group of mines, and the confident expectation of Captain Treeweek, the late menage?, that this course of ore in the lode would at 70 fathoms in depth probably much exceed in productiveness the upper levels, and be found remunerative, the directors are of opinion that it is for the interest of the shareholders that the open ing of the ore ground to a greater depth should be prose cuted with vigour, and that the shoots'of rich grey ors found at Ooldsmid ' s and Discovery shafts should be followed and tried in depth. The available capital of the company re quires to be augmented to give *Met to either of the opera , none and the directors have no alternative but to make • call o fi 20s. per share on the 7,000 shares of the company, payable on or before the lath March next. In reply to a question from a proprietor, Mr. TAYLOR said that the negotiation with theCobre com- I piny, for the purchase of a portion of the Santtpgo pro perty, was at an end, and that no arrangement had been effected. The terms offered by the Cobra company were not such as he expected they would have been, knowing the value that their land would be at some future time to that company. With regard to the position of their affairs, they had been obliged to ask for temporary assistance, and it was quite necessary that the directors should replenish the funds of the company. They had, therefore, thought it right t." announce their intention of making a "call of 11. per share, which would carry them over another twelve month, and enable them to prosecute the mine with vigour. With regard to the weeks, they had gone on tolerably well with the exception of the interruptions caused by the twist ing and finally the breaking of the shaft of the new steam engine, bat which had been replaced; much hindrance, however, to constant returns of ore arose from this eirnatn 'tans', and from two falls of ground near Taylor's shaft. It was the 'opinion of the :directors that the mine was far too valuable to abandon ; it being in the immediate vicinity of the Cobra, which wu one :of the richest mines in the market. After vote of thanks to the chairman end directors, the meeting separated. MARIA ANTONIA RAILWAT.-Tralo for the yea I midis; Deo. 21,1851, 1601., 1853, 1501. II IST. GEORGE THE MARTYR, SOUTHIY4RX. THE VESTRY CLERK. • In the Daily Kew, of Tuesday, there appeared a statement of the circtonstarces under which an official in quiry Lilo certain charges against Mr. Joho Day, the vestry clerk of this pariah, was being tarried on. They wore briefly as follows :—A SIM of 11. le , balsrce of costs incur red in the county court in an action against a man named Bradbury, for the maintenance of his wife, and another sum of 41. 13s. 102. for stationery, fur which credit wart claimed by Mr. Day, were disputed, on the ground that no such sums were entered in the account books of the parish. Mr. Day, however, produced certain papers pu r p ort i ng to be vouchers for those sums duly passed by the parish offi cers and auditors. The different churchwardens and over sears from 1849 to 1852 were called as witnesses et the first sittings of the inquiry, and their evidence went to the effect that they had none of them any knowledre whatever of the vouchers in question. The evidence of the auditor went to the extent of his doubting the authenticity of the signa ture of his initials in the documents. The case : on the part of Mr. Day, was then proceeded with and resumed by adjournment yesterday. A number of witnesses, seme parish officers, during periods ranging from 1336 to 1654, and one or two in habitants of the parish, were called ; among them were Messrs Clothier, Mathews, Withers, Cheri. e Anderson, West, Boxer, George, Knighton, and Colgate. 1 h e i r evi deuce was all directed to the same point., and was in sub stances as follows:—The different parish officers stated that they had every opportunity of seeing the manner in which Mr. Day kept his accounts. The practice of their boards was to have vouchers for all sums claimed by Mr. Day be fore the money was ordered to be paid, and when it was paid it was by cheques only. No money could have been received by him unless vouchers were produced and passed, and cheques given for it. The cheques and counterfoils might have been signed by all the members of the board present, but it was usually done by three of ' them. There were little incidental expenses, such as special acts of parliament and summonses which, in the course of the current quarter, Mr. Day might be ordered by the boards to pay for, so that there was a little running petty cash account between him and the parish. Those petty accounts were brought before the boards in the shape of bills; the items were read by the chairman, and put to the board for passing. That was done once a quarter, and when they were pained a cheque was drawn for the amount. Mr. Day was generally most sects rate with regard to his parochial accounts, which related to a sum of between 20,0001, and 25,000/. a year. All the cheques were countersigned by him. So many vouchers came before the board in a year, that it was impossible any one could remember them all or any of them, unless there was some special fact connected with some of them, which was likely to fix it in the memory. Except as regarded the matter now under inquiry. Mr. Day's accounts had been questioned. Bradbury's ease took place in 1848, and no one could be able to say what vouchers came before the board seven years ego. The vouchers now under discussion were shown to the witnesses who said generally that they were of the kind usually pro duced at the quarterly account, and being for stationery and so on, would be passed without comment. Strong testimony was borne by the witnesses to their belief in Mr., Day's honesty and integrity, the generality o f t h em stating that I they had had opportunities of watching him closely in the discharge of his duties. It was also stated that the matter now under inquiry had been made the subject of special investigation by a vestry called at Mr. Day's request in June list, wheu the books and vouchers were produced and ermined so far as a large assembly of persons could examine them, and the result was the pacing of a resolu tion, with only one or two dissentieuts, which entirely exonerated Mr. Day from the charges made against him, and declared the utmost confidence in his character and integrity. Thee inquiry was adjourned till 1 o'clock this day. THE FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY MOVEMENT. BIRMINGHAM, WIDNISDAY. A general meeting of the members of Freehold Land Societies was held at the Betel, in this town, last night, partly for the purpose 01 presenting a testimonial to Mr. James Taylor, the founder of these institutions, and the secretary of the Birmingham &clots from its com- mencement, but from the active duties of which office he is about retiring in consequence of declining health. This circumstance has been de. med a fitting occasion for present ing him with a tettimonial, to which the societies established in various parts of the country have contributed. Mr. SCILOLEFIELD, M.P., presided on this occasion. Mr George Thompson, Mr. Dennis. Mr. Beale, and other gen. tlemen were present from the London societies, as were also deputations from al provincial towns. The Crt LIBMAN, in opening the business of the evenings remarked that they were assembled for the perform..nce of a double duty : in the first place to celebrate the seventh anniversary of the foundation of Freehold Land Societies, and he might say alum, principally to do honour to one who had proved himself nut only the founder of such institu tions, but their best friend in molt difficult and trying times. In the early career of these institutions many of their frit nth, as well as their opponents, predicted that tie, could not succeed. Yet notwithstanding theme predictions they had met that evening to celebrate the seventh anniver sary of their own society, and found innumerable societies of a similar character established throughout the country. I. fact, there was not a single instance of a freehold land society which had not proved a prosperous and successful undertaking. Thousands of working men traced their adoption of the principles of temperance, frugality, and providence, to the foundation of freehold land societies. The honourable gentleman also referred to the value and importance of freehold land societies as political agencies. Resolutions approving of the principles and objects of freehold lead societies were now moved, seconded, and suppotted by Mr. Thomas Weeton, Mr. Aldermen Itatcliff, Mr. George Thompson, &c. Mr. FELLOW'S, of Wolverhampton, as the representa tive of the societies in that town, supported the resolution. They had (he said) 150,0001. subscribed by working men in Wolverhampton during the last six years and a half, and property to the value of a million and a half sterling was being subscribed for. This was being done in a popula tion of 100,000, taking Wolverhampton and the district. If carried on to a similar Went by the working men in other parts of the country, en incalculable amount ofgood would result. Nothing bad done more to promote civili sation than these freehold land societies wbieh Mr. Taylor had set on foot. It was for such thing. as these that a Milton wrote, a Cromwell fought, and a Hampden died. Freehold land societies showed how much might by done by small agency, and be hoped they might go on and prosper. Mr. BEALE, of London on the part of six of th e most prosperous of the metropolitan land smetics, joined in sup porting the resolution. What had been already done by the working men in these societies showed how much they might do for themselves by the exemise of • little sell denial, prudence, and forethought ; and Mr. Taylor, as the founder of these societies, justly thserted the compliment now being paid to him. Mr. GEORGE DAwsoremoved the second resolution. In doing this he bore testimony to the industry and persever ance with which Mr. Taylor bad worked out the movement. He regarded these societies as the nucleus by which great changes would be effected in the social, moral, and political condition of the people: he supported them, not because they were a means by which a man might lay up riches, but because the working for the money and the self•denial in saving it made a man a better man for the energy and per severance which had been called into action. It was the process of getting the money which he regarded as worth more than the money got; on the same principle, the good a man did with a s►ved sovereign was worth more than the sovereign itself. By freehold land societies the number of I little independent hearths would be multiplied. These he re garded as the nurseries of the virtues and all true liberties. He hoped that the day was not far distant when stare, garters, money, and pedigree, would not take the place of brains in Old England ; when, in fact, a man would not be put into a place till he bad proved himself capable; but that, as in these laud societies, nobody would take anything which he had sot earned for himself. Mr. WRIGHT, of &Uhl+, It coaded the resolution, which as carried by acclamation. Mr. SCHOLEFIELD then presented the testimonial to Mr. Taylor. It consisted of a tea and coffee service, handsomely wrought in silver, and a parse containing 500 guineas. In a few suitable sentences the hon. gentleman acknowledged the service which Mr. Taylor had rendered to his country in founding freehold land societies, and laying down the principies on which they should beg d. The testimo nial now presented to him had been contributed to by men of every rank. In the list of subscribers there were names high iu parliamentary history, and hundreds of the poorer classes, who had so largely benefited by Mr. Taylor's idea. Mr. TAYLOR, in returning thanks for the prisent thus made to him, gave a hasty sketch of the rise and progress of freehold land societies. In the last seven years 2,000 allotments had been distributed in Birmingham alone, although on the first night the society met only 28 shares were taken, and gds. subscribed; whereas the subscriptions in that tows aline now amounted to more than 10,0001. per annum. _ . . The proceedings of the evening terminated with a vote of thanks to the Daii Niles, and such other of the metro politan and provincial papen as have helped to forward the CASUALTY.—Yesterday week a brig was seen waterlogged near the Hanaways, off the north-west:point of Guernsey. Three Guernsey pilots put off to her in a Cutter. They found ber deserted; the formes% and misenmatt were gene, and at the main top there was a basket of bread, about 601 be weight, fastened. The name of the brig was the United Kingdom, bound for Sunderland. She was laden with timber. It was conjectured that as she was a Umber laden vessel, and would not sink, that the crew in tended to stop in her as long as possible, and that the basket of bread was fastened to the main top for the crew to get at it provided she drifted close to any of the rocks near the Guernsey coast. The boats of the brig were gone, but the anchors and chains were on board, and nothing ap peared to have been taken from her but the boats. The three pilots attempted to tow the brig, and in doing so the boat in which they were swamped, and two of them amid Searle sad Polbrrea wore aolortaaatily drowned. II