The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-23 00:00:00

Zitz erpvoo. OtTGOING MAILS. The salts via Murata, to the Meditsesweses; *rept, C, el" ledia, Be., will to awls Winerrow evening, Jen. 24. The monis kw British North AMOR* and the 'United • 00l he node up ea the evening of Jam. 2 5 . The wags fee Liam, Spans, sad Gibraltar will be awls up ea Jas. 27. The West Win ►incoludieg Bereswie, HIVIU•Ib, Illsoss, i s New Orleans, sod Mules, sad secluding thews kw Ilainies. Bt. Jues•d•-Niearsinas, 14ew Granada, ChM. ma Pars, will be awls up es the siontisi et Fib. 2. The mails Ise Medesis, tie Breads, sad Brines Apres,will M ludo up on the oriole, of F..b 4. The saM ken:Walter, Itsluk . Greece, the Icahn Luanda, llor, Ceylon, India, sod Chita. rio Southampton, will be wade up on th• sioraisi of Feb. 20. Yl ZWATSZ AT LOOMOSI T. I. Pa' •4. Rea....-.....••••••••• •b. Ow }l.O 40/••••••k. le b. Mi. IoY, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28. Trig French ministry. however bungling, has con trived to come to as seeped with the French clergy, however arrogant, on the vexed question of education. In this the cabinet of the Elyse' has been sore fortu nate than ours, whilst the Freneh prelates have shown themselves more tolerant than those of oar chore's, who here acquired the direction of the Society for National Schools. The French elergy . admit, that although they may not have the exclueive control of edueslion, will in struction be philosophers is better than no instruction at all. Aid they also admit, that it is necessary for the zealous believer and the indifferent layman to unite their efforts, in order to combat the prevalence of anti-social doctrines by means of education. Disputes about education are rendered mach more perplexing by the different senses in which the word is taken, and the different ends for which it is pro- With same, education is limited to meaning those mere elements, which facilitate, or which indeed , alone render possible, the acquirement of knowledge, such as reading, writing, grammar, resuming. With other, this is nothing, if it be not accom panied with the instilment of certain principles and certain views, moral, religions, speculative, and even political, by which one generation seeks to stereotype its ideas and impress them on its successor. An orator in the late French debate avowed that this was his aim, and that be supported education in order to allow the present French generation, with its ideas and habit*, to be continued in the future. Oa this, another member rose, and declared that after such an explanation he should decidedly oppose the bill, as what he most hoped was to see the next generation the exact contrary of the present. Another, and quite a different use of education, is that of making the moat of the talents of a people, and lining ;hem for civic or for public functions, all wing the cream of their intellect and fitness to b,- taken by the date,which would thusbe wisely governed 17 the moat intelligent of its members. The Prus sian system does this, the French attempts it, whilst in England the preparation of public talent is left to the individual himself, and the sifting of it to the public. In Prussia and in France, therefore, education is a much more serious thing than in England—so serious, that it almost alarms one, and creates some doubts as to the advisability of our imitating such systems. Education, in fact, systematical and centralized, is so powerful and so convenient an engine, that there will Inevitably be a struggle to lay hold upon it. A re ligious hierarchy at une time, the chief of a great military establishment at another, will infallibly grasp at it, whilst the state itself, representing the great civilian, and lay interests, may not be powerful enough to keep or protect it. The University in France ie, in fact, looked upon by all parties as a mine, out of which political eipital is to be raised and coined. When the socialists were in power, and M. CARNor minister, education IVY twined one way; M. FALLOCI, as the chief of public instruction, twisted it another. LOUIS NA POLEON, if he live'', and thrives, may convert colleges into Bonapartist lyceums. We have, therefore, ercat doubts of this unfortunate university surviving. Like Italy, in Fdicaids lament, it is too beautiful to be let alone. Nothing can be more remarkable than the utter failure of states, possessed of the power of systematic and general education, to perpetuate their ideas. In deed their influence has always shown itself produc tive of contrary results. The revolutionists of 1792 were the product of the old clerical and universitarian institutions of the monarchy. The tolerance of mo narchy and religion, manifested from 1803 to 1823, was shown by a generation, who witnessed Hones- TIMM'S worship of the goddess Liberty. Toe Jesuits then set to work, and produced the generation el 1831), and of 1848. In England we have had no state education ; and the result has been a regular affiliation of ideas, a continuance and development of knowledge, progress without stumbling, or leaping, or walking backwards one bistreim to take a hop, step, and leap the next. And in speaking of English institutions we make no allusion to our universities, which congregate youth, bat do not educate them, employing their minds academically on matters which even if digested, do not enter into the formation of either our principles or views or knowledge. The debate in the French Assembly was a very re markable one. The spathes of Bt. HILAIRE, SION TALEMBIRT, the Bishop of LANGRES, VICTOR HUGO, and Tams, are all first-rats specimens of oratory, rendered still more piquant by the interlarding of M. Du PIN'S spay interruptions. Bet how short of the aint and how broad of the WIG French society is menaced by socialism, a creed avowedly gaining ground even amongst the rustic classes. And it is pro to combat it by giving the priest more power to M ilsd oence the ideas of the generate= which is to have inflame in twenty years. When will France be in twenty years? Will all the laws of public instruction in 18W prevent the spree of socialism in the risen ge neration of 1831 ? Bad and expensive government, in glorious and retrograde foreign policy, immoral con duct and character of those in power, prodigal expen diture, with taxation of the first necessaries of life to meet it, local oppression and rigour by the authori ties, a system of keeping down society, partly by the gendarme and partly by the priest, making the latter a spy and a functionary instead of a minister of rr and of peace—all this makes men socialists, makes the government of the upper classes mis trusted and hated by the lower the most dangerous result or phenomenon of any social or political state. This is an evil that demands immediate cure, imme diate probing. To establish • system of education directed by clergymen and prefects to combat it, is as wise as to greet forts and batteries in an enemy's country, without the force to man them, it being certain that the enemy can any day take possession of them, and turn them against the very powers that have vainly displayed such science and precaution. To discuss a law of education in France at present is mere puerility. The idea of a people that has not a system of either government, or religion, or social rights for itself, seeking to indoctrioate future genera tions with its own profound incapacity and ignorance. otters a ciectaele worthy of the pencil of LUCIAN or RABELAIS. Never nation was, certainly, more pro found in noth=and more eloquent in the mere wordiness of Mr. HUDSON hu at last broken silence. For now more than eight months he has borne with calm im perturbability7uay, with 1 athern insensiSility—the pelting of as pitiless a storm of denunciation and re proach, acorn and contempt, u ever swept away any human being : be less seen his character blasted, his fortune wrecked, his family ruined in reputation, and his estates sold without uttering a word: he has witnessed his political annihilation, and his social de elution, without an effort to avert them ; and now, when the enormity of his misdeeds has lost its freshness, when the sharpness of the injury and the rain he has worked is somewhat blunted; when his dupes are busily occupied in rectifying Os far as pos sible) the wrong he has perpetrated, ?dr. Hub:rote speaks; and speaks, too, as an Injured innocent—as martyrthe of railroad speculation—as an expiatory sacrifice for reduced dividends. If this be not adding insult to injury, then Mr. HUDSON must be a very ' honest man. 'faking shares that did not belong to him—manu facturing scrip for shares that were not allotted to him—selling shares at enornieur premiums for his own advantage that were the property of his coned toents—pocketting and mime propriating cheques for large soma of =lacy intended to pay landowners-- ;,"~ THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23, 11150, giving iron contracts to third parties at figures above the market pricessting otf on his constituents, in the names of those parties, iron of his own, whereby large profits accrued to him, at the expense of his companforing secretly on the corporation oyes which be presided shares in a dock company,. which, for political purposes, he had affected to relieve the electors of Sunderland of—falsifying accounts — mixing up capital and revenue so as to produce con tusion worse confounded—and, in the midst of such practices, " making things pleasant" to his dupes — these acts, which most men regard as offences, me riting the most condign punishment, are, in the esti mation of Mr. Owens HUDSON, the member for Sunderland, the friend of the late Lord demean I BENTINCK, the ally of Mr. DISRAELI, a chief of thel protectionists, merely occurrences necessary to pro- I mote and successfully execute great public works. They are ramalities and rogueries of the highest order; and though they may, from their very enor mity, be too great foe the grasp of the laws, the very insensibility of their perpetrator to their immorality and criminality, demands that society, and, if posub:e, parliament, should take some steps to vindicate them selves from the outrage he has committed by ven turing on a defence of such allowed misdeeds. t cents reckless, mares, insensible, and bad man mushe to escape from the consequences of . hts misconduct, Arlie has ruined hundreds, has enured thousands, NA has dan aged the national character itself, by hefting audacity. If, amidst the wreck and devas tation of other people'd for.unes, he cannot ye cognise or won't feel the immorality of his acts, he ought to be taught in a manner palpable and patent, even to his dull senses, that the country feels the disgrace he has inflicted on it. And the only way in which he can be so taught is by expul sion from the House of Commons. It is not enough that he be exposed, rebuked, and denounced, by the press; it is not enough that he be shunned by, and drivon from, society ; it is not enough that his name descend to posterity as a bye-word and a reproach ; there requires, what Lord C'IIATUA would have termed, some public lustration, some authorised wt, by which to mark the national sense of offences like his, by which to save the country from the stigma of apathy and indifference to such frauds. If Sunder land can endure such a representative, parliament ought not to tolerate such a member. It is idle nonsense—worse than nonsense, it is hurtful misreptenntation—to say that other rail way directors are as bad in their way as Mr. Honsos. Injurious to railway property as the investigations into the affairs of other companies have been, and destructive of the judgment and reputation for ability of other railway re and promoters as they have proved, there 1 1i i i: l o l oten no such criminal deeds discovered as in Mr. Henson's ease. Want ofjudgment, want of prudence want of economy, want of foresight, are apparent in almost every such investigation ; but fur want of the com monest honesty, for want of every principle of honour, for want of every vestige of good faith, we must I turn to Mr. HUDSON and to his companies only. It is the wantonest insult added to the rankest injustice to classify Mr. HOPE JOHNSTONE and the Caledonian or Mr. CHAPLIN and the South Western will Mr. HUDSON and the York, Newcastle, and Berwick ; for these gentlemen have erred in good faith and in tegrity, without a stain on their moral characters ; ured in fortune and judgment they may be, but in moral and social reputation they can look the most aggrieved of their fellow-sufferers calmly and serenely I In the face. They have not trafficked at the expense of constituents who reposed the most absolute trust in them; they have not bought estates out of the profits of shares they allotted themselves, or out of scrip which they manufactured as prices rose ; they have not sold their companies iron dear which they bought, or allege they bought cheap ; they have not " cooked " accounts; they have not brought capital and revenue into hotch-pot ; they have not been caught in jragranti delicto. It is necessary, then, in this melancholy history of railway disorders and mismanagement, to mark strongly the difference between railway managers and directors who have simply erred in judgment, and a director who has betrayed and wronged his con stituents. Want of judgment and prudence are serious and disastrous misfortunes to shareholders; but they are not crimes against society. This is a distinction which, in these discussions, has been far too much forgotten. But it is one which Mr. Hon ox's letter now renders only too apparent : for in moral dt linquency he stands alone. But though guilty in his own estimation and is the opinion of the super-subtle Newcastle attorney who has prepared this indecent letter, of no offence against morals or honesty, nay, thcugh in the judgment of his counsel free from all legal responsibility in respect of the acts we have enumerated, Mr. HUDSON has nevertheless repaid the constituents to whom, by his account, he owed nothing, a good round 100,0001. And why ? On what ground ? A horror of the Court of Chancery, an unwillingness to be involved in years of hticatioo, which he was nevertheless convinced and advised must end in his own success. Was there ever so inadequate a motive for so large a payment? Was there ever so worthless and flimsy an excuse put on record for so marked an act of self-condemnation? I Can the miserable pretence delude or deceive even al Sunderland elector? Chancery is, no doubt, a dialled' place for honest men ; but it is the very paradise of rogues. And when a HUDSON pays 100,0001. to avoid its tender mercies, the conclusion that he was liable to refund a much larger sum is the inevitable inference of his conduct. The man who sold for his own profit and advantage everything belonging to hie constituents on which be could lay his greedy unscru lous hands, who secs no wrong in vending iron to himself as their chairman, who " c Joked " accounts and "made things pleasant," is not exactly the per- I son to refund 100,0001. merely to avoid a chancery snit in which he was certain to be successful. No, no. Mr. HUDSON prepaid that large sum to avoid paying a still larger amount, and for no other earthly reason. And the man who thus writes and records his own condemnation has the shameless audacity to offer his victims his advice in railway policy generally. He, forsooth, is of opinion that time, and economy, and attention, and carcord, will yet bring the York, New castle, and Berwick C enpany through—will yet rescue it. And from whet? From the melancholy and ruinous consequences of his selfish, corrupt mismanage ment—a mismanagement which, though redoing Ihundreds, yet leaves him a member for Sunderland. and the principalities notified to tirs:dahinet et Bt. Pe'rasher, its intention to evasnate the senntiy, sad 'lnvited Reside to follow the example. Asada refused but does not deny the rights of the Torte. It declares that the moment isinotiperesese e thus constituting itself the sole arbiter, to tile win: lion of the Porte, in a question which the liitorasses;el to be the only pa rty to decide. This refusal the Poets to prolong its occupation, . in order not to leave Russia Owlet* master of the field; and the miserable condition of the principalities woe thus aggravated day by day. At length, on the lit May, 1849, the convention of Balta-Liman intervened. The grave attack upon the prerogatives of the Porte, as well as the privileges of the principalities contained in the convention, well known, and must not be considered as a portion of the national law of Europe. It recognised the right which had always been denied to Russia of military occupation of the two principalities and of interference in their internal administration. The privileges which the Moldo-Wallachian principalities acquired from their capitulations with the Turks, and which were recognised by subsequent treaties, are the following : 1. The right of electing their Hospodars ; 2. Administrative and legislative independence; 3. Inviolability of their territories. The following are the rights of sovereignty apper taining to the Porte : 1. The purely honorary right of confirming the Hoepodars elected by the nation. 2. An annual tribute of three millions of Turkish piastres from the two principalities. The right of Russia is confined to preventing the Porte from trespassing on the privileges accorded to the Yfoldo-Wallachians, and which the latter had gua ranteed by the Treaty of Adrianople. The Convention of lialta-Liman maintains the fol lowing principles: Two committees will be appointed to revive the ergsais laws, whom labours are to be submitted to the esamidatiew of the Oftman government, which, atter coming to as undentandng on the subject with the court of Russia, win promulgate them In the form of a f' hattimberiff."—(Art. I of the Convention 1 Each of the two governments will main tain in the principalities armies numbering from 20,000 to 30.000 men, until the entire pacification of the country ; sub sequently to the pacification, and until the completion of the constitution, for the principalities, each of the two poeen is to reduce its army to 10,000 men ; immediately afterward , the two powers will a mpletely and eimultaneoasly evacuee the principalities.—(lhid., Art. 4.) It is evident then that the convention of Bath -1 Liman not only violates all the privileges of the Moldo-Wallachians, but also gives: to Russia equal rights of sovereignty with those possessed by the Porte. But at the same time that Russia acknow ledged these two principles, it made use of the one in order to dispense with the necessity of regarding the other. The organic law of 1831 was revised and pro mulgated with the assistance of a hundred thousand bayonets. Was it not too much then to revise this same law by an army . ot 30,000 men, above ell at the very moment when insurrection was triumphant on the frontier. of Hungary ? But after the pacification of the neighbouring countries, this number was to be I reduced to 10,000. This pacification has been effected, and Turkey, faithful to its engagements, having pa rtiall y evacuated the provinces, has a right to expect that Russia will follow its example. Nothing of the kind. Russia has always some pretext or other for prolonging the occupation, and M. de Titoff replied at the beginning of last month to the representation made by the Porte, " That the Porte had been too hasty in re ducing its army in Wallachia to 10,000 men, and that Russia could not fulfil the stipulations of the Baits- Liman convention in this respect until the differences respecting the refugees were settled and diplomatic negotiations resumed." What was there in this new pretension raised by Russia? What had the refugees to do with the oc cupation of the principalities? Is this the mode in which Russia keeps its engagements, or the em phatic pledge contained in the manifesto of the 19-311 July, "That the past would show the pre,ent, that on more than one previous occasion Russia had occupied either the whole or a part of the principali ties, and, true to the pledges it bad previously given, had evacuated them on the accomplishment of the objects it had desired to effect before withdrawing ?" It is true that Russia eva cuated the principalities on all the occasions on which it had occupied them, but only after having held them for several years, and after taking care to keep them in a continual flame ; thus, in 1812, Rus sia took possession of Bessarabia, an integral portion of Moldavia ; and, in 1829, of another portion of this principality ; while at the commencement of each of the wars Russia guaranteed to the Moldaviane the in tegrity of their territnrier. What else are its preten sions then but a new snare for the good faith and cre dulity of Europe? At this moment the difficulty respecting the refugees has been terminated ; but I do not believe that Russia will evacuate the principalities. The number of Russian troops actually within the princi palities amounts to 46,000 men, and letters which I have received from Moldavia assure me that the ar rival of another army is momentarily expected. But as Russia continues its troops in the principali ties, notwithstanding its engagements, and the inces sant reclamationa of the Porte, let us see what has been accomplished with regard to the reforms which were considered so urgent by the Russian authorities. Russia commenced by suspending the general assemblies, to which alone, in virtue of the capita lation and of the right of the principalities, apper tained the right of the internal administration of the country. Russia appointed two committees for the revision of the orsanic laws; but these committees, instead of being the legal and rightful representa tives of the country, were composed solely of Bay ards devoted to Rossi', who were appointed by that power in the same manner as it had dealt with the assembly of 1831; and if the past is to be taken in this case as a pledge for the present, one can already foresee that the new constitution in course of pre_pa-1 ration will be even worse than the organic law. The first act of these committees affords a sufficient proof of this. They hare just declared that the peasantry shall remain attached to the soil, and that not one of the enormous burdens which oppress this unhappy class will be removed. If reforms had been seriously intended, reforms corresponding to the wishes and necessities of the population, and likely to prevent future revolutions, ought they to have been entrusted to committees, such as the present, instead of to a National Amenthly, voluntarily elected and represent ing the interests of all classes? Meanwhile the Russian occupation costs Wallachia a million of piastres per month ; and during the year which has just expired, the debt has increased to 20 millions of piastres. The misery of the population grows day by day under the present H. spodar, M. Stirbein, who, in stead of endeavouring to obliterate in the eyes of the national party the illegality of his election, seems to consider it his peculiar task to increase the discontent of all parties in the population. And now the cabinet of St. Petersburg, whose policy place the double occupation has always tended to compromise the Turks with the Wallachians by shifting upon them the apparent blame of all the Of pismire measures which it had itself secretly pro voked or stimulated, is spreading a report that his Majesty the Emperor is ready to require from the Porte the union of the two principalities and their independence under the protectorate of Russia: a project long ago favoured by Russia, as a sure means of obtaining its end, and on the subject of which its agents were charged to sound the disposition of the chuff of the liberal party in 1848, a few days previous to the movement of June. And in order to be in readiness for any event Russia organised free corps of Wallachians, commanded by Russian offloers and using the Russian language. The question of the principalities has thus again been raised at Constantinople. Ru sit peeks to gain in this question what it has log in that of the re fugees. And the Porte, notwithstanding that it fully feels the importance of this question, on which its future existence must depend, will give way to all the demands of Russia, if it should again be abandoned by England and France, as it was at the time of the convention of Balta Liman. It is time that the people and the cabinets of Europe should have their eyes opened to this encroaching policy and to the secret menaces of Russia. It is not the mere interest of humanity which is in crea tion now ; the existence of the Ottoman empire is at stake. It is not sufficient to have closed the narrow gorges; if Turkey is to be preserved entire, it is in dispensable to cover its northern frontier, and compel the flood of Russian inundation to return to its proper bed. The existence ot the Turkish empire is inoem- patiblo with the pregame of a Russian array on the Danube. I am, air, your BAL obedient servant, CESCO, Member of the Provisional exigovernment Wallachia. Loudon, Jan. 19, 1850. FRANCE. PAM, TOISDAT, 610 P.M. The debate in the Chamber yesterday on the bill for transporting the June insurgents to Algeria via', as usual, a most turbulent affair; but the Mountain were jockeyed out of a division by a manceuvre of the president, which was unworthy his high office and squally high reputation. M. Jules Fevre made a long speech, in which he advocated the cause of the 488 insurgents who are now at Belle Isle, and pro posed that the pardon which had been granted to the other insurgents should be extended to them. No sooner had ha concluded his speech than the presi dent declared the general discussion closed, and that the Chamber should praised to discuss the articles. M. Fevre and his friends applied for a division, but the president declined, as he said the application came too late. After this unworthy manoeuvre, M. Santeyra pro posed, as an amendment, that all the insurgents now at Belle Isle should be pardoned at once, or be tried by a jury of their countrymen ; but this amendment was negatived by a majority of 382 to 205. To-day the President of the Assembly read a letter from M. Dufaure, in which the hon. member excuses himself, on the wore of illness, for not taking part in the discussion on the Transportation of Insurgents Bill, in favour of which, he says, he should have voted. The Assembly then resumed the discussion on Art. 1 of the bill, which decides that those transported to Belle Isle in virtue of the decree of Jane 27,1848, shall be transferred to Algeria. M. Pelletier opposed the bill, as giving a bad precedent, and as only worthy of RUMS. The speaker gave rise to much excitement, by alluding to some slighting expression used by M. Montalembert with regard to the effects of universal suffrage. M. Leon Faucher Paid that never had a more auda cious attempt to obtain the re-establishment of the deplorable days of June been made than that made on the previous day. For himself, he was not a repub lican de la vein... " But," said the speaker, turning to the Left, "I will &fond the republic against you." Those days of June bad been pro duced by the men of the Luxembourg, by those circulars which had everywhere excited the most detectible passions. These passions had not, as re presented, been excited by the royalists. He main tained (amidst the the applause of the Assembly) that it was impossible, without danger to the moral ideas which formed the foundation of society, to show more clemency than had already been testified to men wt.° had at once shed the blood of their fellow citizens, and struggled—arms in hand—against the principle of national sovereignty. The speaker pro seeded eloquently to develope this last position. He then went on to examine the law, reminding his bearers that more than 3,000 insurgents had succes sively been liberated by the President of the Republic. [The discussion bad not terminated when the re port was dispatched.] At the Academy of Sciences, yesterday, the interest of the Bitting centred in Lord Brougham, who, in his quality of foreign associate, made some iuttresting experiments on the polarization of light, explaining them, as he proceeded, by the help of diagrams and algebraical calculations. BOURSE. PARIS. Jan. 22. Ter taro• - ---, . 1 For Account. .1. Opening 11IOW. Lewitt. Closing —I ----- 3 per Cents. 5 per Cents« . . 94 23 94 20 94 SO 94 15 94 23 S do. New Loan.. . n n 9 1 sr 44 per Cent 5,........... 52 . 23 I „ „ n ss 4 per Cents 73 35 9, OP .9 09 txtbunge on Loudon: 30 d 25 4 5 ; 911 days, 25 321 Belgisz, 5, BO De. 3, 1542 Do. 44 o. n “ Treasury Benda 3 n Do. 3 Piedmont S per Cent 8 7 "73 „ Bovass.-81. Germain, 413; Votaallks fright bank), 202 SO; do. (let bank), ; Orleans, 530; Paris and Rouen, 562 50; Rouen and 11.,vre, 217 30 ; Avignon and Marseilles, 215 ; Strasbourg and Bale, 11 i ; Centre (Vierson), 330; Boulogne and Am —; Orleans and Boraeauz, 416 15; North, 460 ; Pans and non , 538 75; Tours and Nantes, a 75 ; Montereau and Troyes, 11l 23. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. BITTING OF MONDAY. The discussion opened on the bill relative to the transportation of the insurgents of June to Algeria. The urgency having been demanded, M. Licoaexon opposed it, and insisted on a proposition he made on the 12,h inst., to the effect of instituting an inquiry into the condition of those insurgents and their families, be ing previously examined. 11l tie Ceousaitues asked that the government bill be first discussed. N. Pizazz LoROVX concurred in the motion of M. La grange, but the Assembly, on being consulted, gave the pri ority to the bill. The urgency was similarly pronounced. M. LeORLNOZ then rose and said that the numerous checks ex eerienced by his proposition, not only in the present Assembly, bat also in the Assembly that prec , ded it, proved that his perseverance nulled his conviction of the injustice of the Draconian decree, which bad plunged so many of his fellow creatures into the most atrocious misery. The Assem bly itself had been moved by their wretched fate, when it ordered 14,500 of the 15,000 prisoners, condemn , d without judge or jury, to be restored to liberty. He never supposed that the Republic would re-open the dungeons elosed by the revolution of February. Nose of the men about to be transported had been sen tenced by • civil or military tribunal. They had been arrested on the denunciation of individuals who had re mained concealed in cellars during the collision, and been detained because they were well known for their republi can principles previous to the 24th of February. lie was personally acquainted with four of the transported, and he nelied the Minister of the Interior to adduce a single act of theirs to tarnish their characters of honesty and patriotism. Yet, M. nature himself had not been ashamed to propose their transoortation to Bathna. He defied the cabinet to insert in the Moniteur the names of the insurgents and the mo. tives of their confinement, for the public could roe that they were honest citizens sad honourable workmen, and fathers of families. In conclusion, M. Lagrange reminded the Assembly that on this day the head of Louis XVI., the victim ot reaction, had fallen on the scaffold, and added, that a period would come when the country would ask the Assembly what it had done with its brethren. M. F. BLROOT, Minister of the Interior, contended that the decree of the 27th June, 1848, had been a measure of public safety and of nationel juitice. It had been i.sued on the motion of M. Pascal Duprat, whose republicanism was not suspicious. That decree enacted that th se men who were arrested with arms in their hands, and still covered with the blood of their fellow citizens, should be transported to the transatlantic possessions of France. Those men were the same who had overturned the monarchy, to the cry of rive /a Republiqu el who in June attempted to overthrow the republic, in the name of socialism, and who, if socialism should triumph for the destruction of France, would take arms against it in the name of some other folly. Of the 15,000 individuals arrested, not more than 460 were now confined at Belle Isle, Brest, or Cherbourg, and these were either convicts or men who had manifested their horility to all social state. The government had displayed the utmost clemency towards those culprits. A few days after the insurrection 6,000 men were set at liberty. On the 9th of July eight military commission?, assisted by the most respectable magistrates, were instituted to examine the charges directed against the remainder. At their suggestions 6,374 men wen restored to liberty, and 255 sent for trial before the courts-martial. On the llth No vember following, a committee of revision had been ap pointed, on whose decision Gen. Cavaignec had set at liberty 822 others. Finally, the President of the Republic, since the 20th of December, 1848, had extended his clemency to 2,372 insurgents, the immense majority of whom, he was happy to state, bad proved themselves worthy by their good conduct of the pinion they had obtained. M. Joese Feet's said that he was a member of the committee at whose recommendation the decree et the 27th of June had been enacted. The general opinion then was that the insurrection had been specially tires ted against entire society, and the committee was under that common impression when it prepared the decree. Now, for the honour of his country, he felt justified in declaring that the charge was unfounded, and that in June, 1848, there had been no conspiracy against society. The events of June were actually brought about by the miserable advisers of monarchy, who refused all satisfaction to the jest claims of the people, end they had been the conies coup of the revolution of February. (Murmurs.) N. Jules Fevre then proceeded to desciibe the sufferings of the insur gents after their arrest, and the injustice of the summary manner in which they had been disposed of, in violation of all divine and human laws. It wee necessary, he admitted, to strike at the time a enclave blow, but society, if really attacked, could have as effectually saved itself by r maining within the limits of legality. The philosophers of the 19th century were all unanimous in branding the justice ot ',Oormasheirmas N. Fevre would all the government, is By esegeslns Yu trial of the insurgents of June by 0011.111il - I visas y y: R U ri br ard sZt as te r. the r etlitariss.a,pd They human the victims immolated to political vengeance. He then dis owned various clauses of the bill, and particularly re pined the paragraph added by the commit..., which 1 I offoillsalet the transported to imprisonment in a Cortina ea the land of exile. He could sot conceive the state reason that commended such an abandonment of all the sentiments ahhomily and of all legal saarentase amidst the profound peace the country now enjoyed. Not a mingle vaaralser bad inscribed his name to defend the bill. The majority, be knew, wished to tees it, sad sot to Woad it. Year was the THE INTERVENTION Olt RUSSIA IN THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES. TO Tll EDITOR OP THE DAILY NEWS. Bta,—The Russian manifesto, dated the 19-31 July, 1848, which preceded by abaut two months the occupation of Wallachia, fcrmally enunciates these two principles. 1. That the occupation was to be temporary, and would cease upon the simple request of the Polite so soon as order should have been re-established in the principalities. (" From the moment that legal order shall have been re-established, or that the Porte shall have acquired a sufficient guarani° • of the interior re , pose of the two provinces, our troops shall be with drawn from them."—Circular of Ct. Nessolrode, dated 19-31 of July.) 2. That the organic laws of the provinces required re ' Aim and that modifications of them might be found areessexT. (" It is possible that the administrative regime of the principalities may be susceptible of im provement, and that it is even necessary to modify it in more than one point."—lbid.) How has Russia fulfilled these engagements? What reforms, what improvements, has Russia introduced into the internal regime of the principalities? On the 30th of Sept., 1818, General Luders, who for acme weeks previously had occupied Moldavia. passed the frontier of Wallachia at the head of the Russian advance-guard. Four months had elapsed when the month of February came round. At that period there remained not the slightest trace of the revolution which had motived in the eyes of Europe the entry of Russian troops into the Wellachian terri varies. Legal order, such as Russia nuderstands,' was then, and is now, entirely re-established that is to say, all those who took say part in the recent events have been imp Boned or exiled, while the whole country, scourged ' with war contributions and compelled to feed and house 50,000 Cossacks, has been entirely ruined (Turkey maintaiLed its army at its own ex pense). There has not been even a question of reform. It is true &commission has been named, but it is for judging militarily all those individuals who are suspected or hostility to Russia. Turkey, believing that it had acquitted itself of all the guarantees necessary to the internal tranquillity airsai l lsts but that sparabeasisa was affeeted,and those was it were Itypasulass of fear. Socialism was not • plea at that kesil bees hitherto respected should be aserfilasi. Instead d deolinylng it, they gave it deity grata Iseportsnes. Whae draw would there be in 'mid is* the 440 Ineurgests seallsed at Belle Isle before the re gular tribunals of the country ? Can the _prisoner of Ham sleep quietly with the keys of the citadel of Bootless and the hulks of Brest under his pillow ? In conclusion, he earnestly entreated his colleagues to reject so odious a law. M. Baas followed, sad was left speaking. GERMANY. BERLIN, JAN. 19. In the sitting of the committee of the Second Chamber on the 17th, Simeon moved that the crown should be petitioned to make other proposals; grounding his motion on the fact that although the committees of the Chambers had agreed to the unim portant pasts of the message, relating to the lend storm and other matters, yet they had declined to agree to the leading propositions, which had indeed been rejected by majorities so decided that there could be little hope of their passing either house. Such a result would be a deplorable derogation from the royal dignity, and therefore it was in the interest lof the crown to prevent each a demonstrae I ties of dissent, and to make other propoei , Uses which had a better chance of being asserted. Many speakers were inscribed for the de bats sa this motion, which, having met with no sup , port from any, was withdrawn by Samson just as von Sereken was rising to speak in its favour. The re port of Simeon was accepted without much discussion, so that the committee were able to close their sitting at 10. During the sitting the coming and going, the driving off and re-appearance of Count Arnim-Boyt zenburg attracted considerable notice: much unesei nese and a certain disquiet prevailed among the mem bers present, which at length sought relief, after the adopti. a of the report, in a generally declared wish to hear what the ministers had to say. Not a word, however, could be elicited front the members of the go vernmenttendingeither to throw lightonthedisposition of the crown, or upon the course they were prepareci themselves to adopt, although Beekerath undertook the task of bringing them to some distinct declara tion. This hermetic closeness of ministers was accepted as an unfavourable omen as to the disposi tion of tho crown to enter into any compromise. Meanwhile the fractions of the Chamber were engaged in taking eounsel with their leaders. Much importance was attached to the line which should be taken by the party of the centre under Riedel. Opinion seemed greatly divided in this fraction. On one side energetic opposition to the crown was depre cated; it was said that the crown, and even absolute monarchy, was more popular than the Cnambers ; the crown could at the present moment dare all against a parliament so deeply discredited in public estimation. The parliament would find no support from the people ; and neither the decided re jection of the royal message, nor even of the heredi tary peerage, would be approved by the people. On the other hand, it was contended that such arguments went to the destruction of the conatitional principle ; now or never was the moment to make a stand for this principle ; the honour of the Chamber was com mitted to the abolition of the 108th article of the charter of December, which deprived the people's re presentatives of their legitimate control over the tax ation of the country; it was not true that the people would side with absolutism ; they were, on the con trary, thoroughly bent on having constitutional go vernment. Between these two extremes a mediating party fluctuated, borne up on the rickety moti - ns of Camphausec, and even on the amendments of Itzenplitz. If even the smallest symptom of a dis position to treat had now beenannounced by ministers on the part of the crown, perhaps the mejotity of the Second Chamber would have been induced to listen to a course of mediation, all feeling the ur{ent need for the conclusion of the constitufth at a moment when intestine disputes between the king and parliament would cause the sceptre of Germany to fall from the relaxed grasp of Prussia, to the great joy of her JAN, 20. The last news I hear is that a new ministry is in process of formation. Gerlach is to be President of the Council, and General Rauch minister of war. A scat in the cabinet is also &rained for General Itrehou, the late ambassador to the Russian court at Warsaw, the other ministers to be cyphers. I am not aware to what extent this scheme is ripe; nor is it possible to predict with any certainty its realisa tion. But it is represented to me as the plan o'' the court from a well-informed quarter. It is not of much • consequence what the chambers do. I can as sure you positively that there is r.o chance of the king's swearing to the constitution, even though his 14 propositions were all accepted in their integrity. The king shows his hand only little and little: Le dares not exhibit all at once his real design: he rejoices and rubs his hands in private over every petty victory which he gains: his character is utterly destitute of that chivalry which he praesses to ad mire; and, instead of imitating the robust sincerity of the great elector, or the union of sagacity and impe tuosity in Frederick 11., he sets himself to nibble away, fraudulently, al.(' with jesuitical prttexts of conscientiousness, the constitutional edifice that was planted in his despite, and before which he was obliged to bawthe knee. BERLlN.—General Peucker, Minister of War of the Empire in the ministries of M. Schmerling and M. de Gegern, has been appointed one of the Prussian commission era to the Central Federal Commission, in place of M. de Radowita. The recall of De Radowitz was effected by electric telegraph. The Constitutional announces that the peace negotiations between the Danish and Prussian governments commenced on the 17th inst. DRESDEN.—The German committee of the Second Chamber has suddenly suspended its &liberal inne—it is paid on account of the complicated dittinilties which have arisen in consequence of the King of Prussia's mennige. MAYENCL—The Pope has refused to sanction the appointment of Prof. Schmidt to the Bishopric of Msyence, on the ground that " there is important and credible testi- mony against him." The appointment was made by the grand ducal government of Reese, and it is sap cted that. in consequence of the Pepe's refusal, a serious contiet will arise between it and the holy eee. RUSSIA.—The Hamburg Bi;rsenhalle of Friday, on the authority of a letter from St. Petersburg, dAtiAl the 3rd January, positively contradicts, as unfounded, the statement of the Globe that negotiations were going forward between the governments of Russia and Eogland with reference to commercial changes. The tariff question remained, as be fore, in stain quo. The comprehensive reotrt of t h e cow mission had not even been laid before the Imperial Council, and it was much feared that, in consequence of Me deficiency of the receipts into the Imperial Treasury, the subject would not be mooted again for some time. THE LEVANT. MALTA, JAN. 15, N.M. steamer Triton came in on the 13th, frc Corfu and Patras, with the mails. Ltt.ers frr Corfu state that the weather has been very severe, continued rains and north-westerly gales. Bu iness very dull, and freights to England ss. per qr. The Triton passed the Ardent oft' Leucedia, steering to the northward, either for Corfu or Trieste. H.M.S. Merlin arrived on the 14th from Marseilles, with the overland mail. H.M.S. Medusa left the same day at noon for Alexandria, with a few passengers. The Austrian Lloyd's MeilSteam-packet Company's 1 vessels now touch at Cephalonia and Z inte twice a month, en route from Corfu to Patras, and vice semi. Ti. is a great benefit to the lonian Wands, in commerce, and for passengers. I inclose you a list of their arrivals and departures. It is hoped they will before long extend their lice to Malta, and thus fill np the only existing rink now wanting in our etedm communication. The Neapolitan steamers are again preparing to re sume their usual trips to Sicily and Malta. 11. M. steamer Sharpshooter came in this morning from the fleet, which she left off Cape Colonne, bound to Salamis. They may be expected here in a tew weeks. When they do come, we shall have to send to Sicily for beef, for there are but few cattle in the island, and the importers will not bring any more until they have realised, by increased prices, what they lost by their cattle dying. The Antelope leaves to-day for Corfu, with the mails. The Triton goes into dock to have her bottom, tubular boilers, and pipes cleaned. The government and the newly-electr d govern = nt council have had a " flare up" at their first sit ting, when the governor presented them with the I :tract of the regulations to be voted for the ruling of the assembly. The members elected by the people (demanded to adjourn, that they might have time to make some reflections upon them. The principal points to be discussed are "publicity," that is to say, the admission of the public to the sittings, as the government only intends to give two tickets to each member, so that the eight elected members could only have sixteen persons present to bear the debate out of a population of 120,000. Seats for reporters for the press the liberal government refuse!, as it has a horrid terror of anything being done publicly. This point has to be discussed, as also a proposition of the governor to send strangers out, upon a motion by any member, without assigning a cause. This was proposed for the purpose of excluding any newspaper reporter who may, chance to get a ticket. During a trifling debate, Mr. Lushington, the chief secretary to government, in a haughty and imperative manner, when speaking about the admis sion of reporters, said :—" There is not a national paper in Malts ; they all belong to a party." During the debate, Mr. Lushington said, " It is the will of the government." The Rev. M. Amato said, " Th e word will is too imperative, and not parliamentary." Mr. More O'Ferrall will find that he has got sharp tools to work with, and must be careful he does not cut himself. The governor sent home by the Ripon a statistical account of the Italian passengers who arrived in Malta, in 1848 and 1849, so that he may be enabled to show to parliament that the island was swarming with strangers. This I suppose he has done fearing a stormy debate in the ensuing parliament, upon the refugee question. I ant sorry to say that Malta is not now swarming with Italians. They spent a con siderable sum here, and not one of the hundreds who arrivtd was ever taken up by the police or figured before the court. H.M. steamer Porcupine is just signalised in sight from Leghorn. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Our dates from this colony are to the 16th of November. The Neptune had not left the Cape. I n answer to innumerable petitions to send the convicts away without waiting for the receipt of the order to do so from England, the Governor said that he would not commit an act so illegal, impclitic, and of dan gerous example. Tee parties who, in defiance of the Anti-Convict Association and the pledge, had fur nished supplies to the government officials ar.d the military, were ruined. All their customers had I,r -saken them. Some of them had intimated to he newspapers. and especially to the South African 44. vertiser, that actions for damages were to be brought against them. In one instance the damages were laid at 5001. Other offenders of a less stubborn dikpogition Lai done penance and been received again into favour, al ' will appear by the following paragraph from the Zoo/ Afrikaan of lath Nov.: - At the meeting of the Anti-Convict Association, on Tues day last, Mr. 0. Holloway attended for the purpose of ex plaining his conduct. Withodt his name having linen pub. fished by the Association—without having obtsuned any in tim or warning Item any person or quarter, he found him. self suddenly deserted and his custom gone. He rtri - dited this to certain unfounded reports which had been cireakted, but chiefly:to the fact of his having accommodated Civets Stanford. Finding that if he continued to give Capt.in S. accommodation he wiuld soon be a ruined min, he had given him warning not to tome is his place any more, and is therefor* attinded tr meeting in order that he might be set right with toe . . The asiociation, after bonsai Mr. H. ' &glared i . eeil per fectly satisfied with his statement, and expressed ita that the public would also consider it in the same light. Tne name', of three individuals were reported to the meal e, first for having supplied the government with sheep, ins seemed for selling oats, suet the thiri for supplying bread t) the military ;—these parties are Dlr. Brett, of never Zir. , l , :r End, and Mem% Gie and Whiley, of Cape Town. Ice letters and certificates acting forth these circumstances, were referred to the committee. _ . . . ...... - The inhabitants of the interior districts continued to adhere firmly to the Anti-Convict Association a: Cape Town. CANADA. !From Toronto to fl lA% by Electric Telegraph.) TORONTO, J. 9,1830.—1 t ie ascertaintd that majority of the branches of the British AmeriLi league have declared in favour of an elective tive council. T hroughout Canada West a great mar annexationists have been elected into the municp councils. There is nothing important from Lo Canada. In addition to the above, we are in receipt of nor , - paper files from Montreal to the 6th lust, from Quebec and Toronto to the Ist. We learn from these sources that the officials w . f . : have been dismissed for declaring their adhesion' the a• nexationist movement, announce their intent.:: to dispute the legality of their dismissal. officers appear to rest their case on a point of form. the Queen's rounsef maintain that their appointmecif were not official, but only conferred professional rani, and that of this they cannot be deprived. NEW YORK, JAN. Our New Year's holiday has passed by with 11. e usual observances. In most of the churches a mot-L -ing service was held, and at 12 o'clock the viclr.: world was in motion. On this occasion Mr. and Mrs. Banero t, for the first time, received company in tr., r new and elegantly furnished house, perhaps the tir.,, interior we have in this city. Every thing wa, of English manufacture, and the air of the rooms w quite palatial. Mrs. Bancroft appeared to grea: ad vantage. With the excitements attending the holidays, '‘e have had others in a different lorm. At Washing:c.. the democrats in Congress have the majority, aslior: ago predicted they would have, and in consequen, all the difficulty and responsibility of adjusting slavery question, as well as of carrying en the gover ' them. And they now perceive it meat, will rest on ....oct they now percei any thing goes wrong they alone will be to bleu for the whigs are powerless. If the Union threatened, it is from them only the threats c. come. And as it is very doubtful whether they ca: steer clear of the numerous rocks in their path. t: whigs, who are admirable for attack, wal such use of their position as probably to secure a ma , jority in the next congress, and possibly elec. it., next president. At all events, this is their chance. if Om it lead( rs will endeavour to take advantsgi a: it. Meantime, General Taylor folds his arms a... 1 says—" I than do my duty, and leave the res: Providence." It is difficult to determine how far the south are earnest. It is impossible for them to resist the ad mission of Cailfornia into the Union, for its 84)Vt re ig r. 7 and its right over its domestic institutions are no: be questioned by these sticklers for state Even if the constitution of the new state witted slavery now, it might be so alien:. as to exclude it hereafter. It is so a case that it cannot be overthrown. The discms: ,7 . therefore, must finally hinge on some other Pe , ': —such as the creation.of a territorial government '•': New Mexico, not yet sufficiently populous to form: state, or, the abolition of slavery in the distri , :! Columbia. I imagine from what I hear that Gee . laylur will not in either of these instances, if it 33 ,- • come his fate, to use the veto power, use it to the 133: noyarca of the south. Besides, as I have again 37 - ag4inassured you, the numerical strength and power of the abolitionists in the north and nor' . western states is but fractional. The ia.reat mss w whigs and democrats care nothing about three " meetic iwititutiont." of the south. if indepen , !c 3: states choose to have slaves, it is their nese and not ours. We are prosperous einrai.::. Propagandism is not our principle. Tlnri::3i I think these compromises will be made. 1 1 ": lievo the south will accept any tolerable ode . only to protect themselves from the farther tip , iu-• of the abolitionists, but to secure thernsi Ives from outbreak of a bloody servile war, which must mg soon as the union is dissolved. The reports of the various heads of d e p art are not very brilliant. There does not K ew 3(' on the part of any whose papers have y et ayist"7. any great forecast. Perhaps a is best tha t 3-• :. should be plain matter of fact documents. for Orr. commendation of a popular president is almost at any time to wet m up the whole PcoP l ', exam 1e if General Taylor had recommetilot declaration of war against Portugal , a thing 33,,,t0.-: likely to happen even yet , the wh ole county. •" support him, and swarms ot private ers would our hive, to bus on a foreign coast. The recommendations ot Mr. Meredith are r to be singularly out of place at this time.nions be they ill or well, are com bated one-half by e t i of the people of the United States. ararl no influence whatever with the d emocratic n ties in Gumtrees. No possible agitation" fore, arias h . = General Taylor's iecomme`met: