The Press. — London, England, 1853-10-29 00:00:00

THE MELBOURNE LABOUR MARKET. Tur. last commercial accounts from Melbonrne are of July 'll. They state that the market continues overstoeked, owing to the large arrivals. and all classes of servants might now be readily obtained. Female domestic servants were also more plentiful, and their wages are receding. The following are the current rates :-Married couples. without family, per annum, with rations, "iO/. to 80/. ; ditto, with family, imi.; married couples, for shepherds and hutkeepers, 50/. ; ditto, with young families, 451. ; shepherds, with rations, per annum, 351. to 40/.; hutkeepers, per annum, with rations, 30/. to 31/.; general limn sec wants, with rations, 20s. to's's. per week ; men for lambing, 355. per week ; ploughmen, Bth. to :15s. ; bullock-drivers, with rations, 01k. to kOs. per week on the road-horse teams, 505.: labourers, 24/s. to 255. per week, with rations ; had cutters and trussers, per week, or Ills. per ton; carpenters, daily, 1.25. to 1; s. per day, with rations: ditto, 10s. per day, no rations: bush carpenters, with rations, per annum, OW/. to 1151/. ; stockkeepeiN, with rations, per annum. 40/. to 50/. ; cooks, male, :10s. per week to 2/. grooms, with rations, per annum, 40/. to 501. ; gar dener+, with rations, per annum, 75t. ; blacksmiths, 41/. per week, without rations : ditto, country, with rations, 4?. 10s. per week ; wheelwrights, 71. per week ; compositors. Is. M. per thousand ; ditto, 4/. 18s. per week ; pressmen, 4?. 18s. per week. Female ser vants: thorough servants, per annum, 301.; house maids, ditto, 25/. ; laundresses, ditto, 301. to 35?. ; nursemaids, ditto, 10/. to 251, : cooks, ditto, 30/. to :15/. Semnen : to London, by the rim, 45/. ; Ameri can coast, ditto, 40/., or SL per month ; East or West Indies, ditto, 40/. ; China, ditto, 411?.: colonial ports, ditto, it/. ; ditto, monthly, 8/. to 10/. Sixteen years ago the post.otfice at Melbourne was managed by a single person, who used to transact its business in a back shop. In June, 11:451, fourteen persons were employed in the post office and in June, 1453, sixty-three persons. In 1851, 2341,0(5) letters anti 207,000 newspapers passed through the Melbourne post-office ; in 1851 the numbers were $90,1551 letters anti 639,000 newspapers. From the Ist of January to the Ist of Juno in 1853, that is, in six months in the present year, 8117,1551 letters anti 104,1100 newspapers passed thr o ugh the office. For the first six months in 1851 the postal revenue of the Melbourne office was about 3,200/., while for the first six months in the present year it has yielded above 10,00/. According to the Melbourne ux, the post-ottlee in that city was enlarging in July last. rtiont was use be 151 feet long anti 2:1 feet broad ; the letter delivery-room, 10; feet long and feet broad ; and the newspaper delivery-room, In feet by 25 feet. The whole of the erections at the post-ottiee were of corrugated iron. OCTOBER 29, 1853. 1 1 111'SSIAN HAI LWAY'ACCOUNTS. TM: official survey for the year 1551., just published by the Prussian I iover ut, gives a statement of averages which must be highly interesting to the English public, as anti tilling a Mean* of Colll)kftrilig the management of tail ily linsiliests here and abroad. In the subjoined %mu mmy. the Prussian calculations are reduced to English measure and currency. 'Petal l eng th o f ra il wa y. I,sol miles. including 150 miles of d ou ble hue. Cost per mile, 1•2,55 V., iueluding 1.!')101. for locomotives, carriages, ate. Ilaxituluu, '111,7',V ; mini tttt tut, 0,1)11)1. Average number of locomotives, three for every ten miles; of passengers caniages, seven ; as vans and wag. goes, reckoned as funs-wheeled, tilts sorer per ten tuiles of rail. Art-rage not per hwomotive in the year, 13,191 miles. Consumption of fuel, nine cubic feet of wood and 3,154111t5. of coke per 1114) kilts of journey. Maxi 1111 l mof wood alone, 310 cubic feet, and of coke alone, 1,:e21) Rm. per 1110 miles of journey. Average distance of passengers' journey, 9.71 miles; of transpot of goods, 47 rt.lo. Average passenger's fare, eighty-eight hundredths of a penny per mile, or 7s. 44. per 11)11 miles ; average height per ton of goods, 13s. per WO miles. Receipts: for fares and passengers' luggage, Ss.; for freight of goods and cattle, 753/. Os.; tOr sundries, tall. Os.—total, 1,3751. per mile of line. Expenses, 037/. per mile of line. Of this sum, 32 per emt. fur superintending the hue and stations; 14 per cent. for direetorsbip an t i genera] management; percent. fur coat of transport. Oros, expense. prima to VII per cent. of gross income. Average cost of sopa-intending line and stations, and of general management and directorship. ttSl. 10s. per tulle of line. Aver9ve (404 of transport. al. less. 6d. per 100 miles of journ,y. 1:#1. :a. per Pm miles of journey. Surplus, 7351. Bs. per mile of line, or sift per cent. of c tpitatl invested. Reserve fund, 4 2•211. per mile of line. Maximum dividend paid: Magdeburg-Leipsle, 20 per cent. ; l'pper Silesian line, 10 per cent. The contractor% of the Paisley Gan Works com memorated the completion of the new works on Tuesday evening by entertaining upwards of WI gentlemen within the gasometer, which wins suitably fitted up fur the occasion. Tllr. CHRISTIANS IN TURKEY. THE following tirman, whielt was issued live years since by the Sultan Abdul in favour of his Protestant suhicets, is at this momenta iloeument tit considerable interest. 'the privileges thus seemed to l'rotestants among the Mahotnetans offer m u tt' sugt:estive contrasts with the treatment which the members of our flint' receive at the hands of certain Christian allies of thrift Britain:— '' Most lionounsl t it ier. illustrious connatiler, of the good 'infer of the world. tlivector of pliblic with wisdom tool judgment. accomplisher of the Wi l ma t ant traitsactions of intinktual with intelligetwe and g, suit COollotidllbir or the edifice of empire Wit of glory, elitio%vit by the Moot Ilit.th sill' abundant gifts, and Monaliir, at this time, of my gam of fell , toy Vizier Nlelinieil Paelia, tuAY eitst b" plru.ret to Pt' 'erve him t on g in ornited " I,l't it he known on 11`el'ilit of this my u.. 1.10 re ,„ or i v i. that : " Whereas those of my Christian subjects et Lo hate eiw lintels' the Protestant faith have outlived intsinvenieneei and difticultiea, to etiliseillieliee of thew n ot h av ing h e ms hitherto placed under a sl' m'u'te and and iu e,, sl' of the Pat riarelts mid Primates of their old creeds. which they have altantloned, not being rata. rally able to administer their laths. Whereas, in accessary leve‘ostlailieewith My Imperial solicitude and towards „t• in a l & jests. it is contrary to my Imperial pleasure that any class of them sl Id la. exposed to trouble. .‘iia whereas, by reason of their faith, the iti,itl`,4llltl Pl`l4...tunts form a sepiolite coin" 1111 l tity. It is in cowaspionee my 11oyN1 plea• sore, that measures bi• taken for the sole purpose of 'Seib• biting the tiol 11l i l iintraC of their atfaira, so that they may lit eiu peace. quiet, anti security. IA then a respectable and trostmertliv person, Outwit by themselves bout uulom , their 'twit ition)mr, be appointed with the title of • .Ngent of t h e Protestants.' to be attitehisl to the Department of the NI Mister of Pollee. It shall he the duty of the agent to ttike charge of the regimer of the members of the oo m• 1111 l iity, awl which is to lie kept let the polio. department. The agent is to register therein all births :mil deaths. All applicatitais for passports sal marriage liernees, and on those special iweasions of the e • ty which arr to come befirre the Sublime Porte, or any other department, are t o be made under the official MCA of the *gill'. T h e p re sent meal and moist edict has been especiall• grante.l a n d issued (ruin my Imperial climmery. for carrying my pleasure into exemitiiiii. Item..., thou the also.. imliratrd Monshir, shalt carry the preceding ordinance into seimpubinti e‘ecti. ClllllOlllllll4 With the` explanations given. As, laiw• e've'r, the wipwasnient of tato+ and the thyliti.ry tit pitioipotti are toilitwt to speeille regulations, th o u ~hull out !tomtit ouiythilig to lie it • m I.lillt rat thereto. Th.in shalt not huller any tit ear filtrate!' to Is. required of the Pivstes• tents, for marriage licences or for registration. Thou shalt Is careful that, like unto the other communities of the em pire. l'rety facility and required assistance Ise afforded to them iii all their affairs, and in nll mat il•IMO11111`1.111illg their eemeteries find places of worship. Tll.lll shalt not permit any inti.rfenmee whatiffiever, on the part nt any cultic'• imini• triunity, with their rights or with their religions convents, nor, in short, with any of their affairm, 14111/.l' secular or ru ligi.olll4, in any enamors whatsoever; ill order that they may he enabled to exercise the images of their faith in security'. 'Haar shalt nut suff'er 1111'111 to he 111111OP/11 . 11 1.111• iota in il s cse or in any other matters : and t h an shalt LC 01144111 and attentive to maintain them in the desired tinier and security. The) an' to be' permitted to make those retire• sentat it ins to the Kuhr whirl' it may Is' 110.1.1.4,1111'y tli make concerning their oillairt. midi their agent. After dam bast taken does inattera, thou shalt cause the prissent toddy reseript to lir registered iu the proper 411111.1144% Ulla shalt 1'311 , 1' it (I, Is: I.llllliEllOsil ill the poitowsitit on of the' all wt•sui,l sul t nt•ta, and Ilion shalt tw careful that the high provisions th. roof I.e al wav s canivil into due executiom. Thus be it kuot,n sotto thee, giving full credence to Ilse Imperial signet. 'lone in tli , • second deetitle of the finerell Montt: of in the year of the Hegira 1161, at Coostantitioplo the JUNCTION OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC. A RAILROAD has been projected scrums the 1 1 11 l e, of 1111 l itepee, having for object the union' of the Atlantic and Pfteitio Oceans. This may be considered a rival to that for constructing *ship canal across the Isthmus of Darien, being only second to that work in practical utility, and far more easy of accomplish meat. The canal project of Dr. Cullen and Mr. liis• bona• is indeed now in abeyance, and fears are rea sonably entertaimsl that it may be many years before the *ark can be even commenced, owing to the mot.- MOM 111111011111. of Capital required, and the present state of the money market in England and America. The promoters of the rival plan propose to carry both a plank road and rail road o eross the isthmus; and it is stated that, after much negotiatimi, legisla lion, and arbitration, all obstacles to the opening of this route have at length been remoted. The &Ai tken received from America during the past week announce that a contract has been concluded for the construction of the proposed line. The contractors are Messrs..lames, Sylus, and Co., of Sheffield. The plank road is to be first built and put into operation. This is to be completed within twelve months. As soon as the route is thus opened, the laying down of the rails will be commenced, and completed %%lain' the briefest possible time. This will be the shortest rout«. herweeu New York and San Francisco, and will doubtless be the favourite with the trmelliiig From New York to San Francisco, via the Panama route, the distance is 4,01 miles ; via Nicaragua, miler; via Tehuantepec, :1,5&)4 uuleu. Fr o m Foglanti to San Francisco, via Panama, the th.tanee it. 7, 50 .1 miles ; Vitt Nicaragua, 7,011 and via Taman - tepee, it,tril miles. The distance from New York to San Francisco is, via Tehuantepec, Liss miles nearer than Pittman'. and 717 miles nearer than Nicaragua. 'rho ,listatice from England to San Francisco. via Tehuantepec, is s:11 miles less than by Panama, and 370 miles less than by Nicaragua. New Orleans is more favourably located in relation to this mute thanany port of England, or the cart of New York. in the distance saved. From New Or leans to San Fratteiseo, vitt Teltuantepee, the distanee is 1,4111 miles less than by Panama, and 1,041:1 miles less than by Nicaragua. The geographical position of New Orleans is, therefore, n o t on ly low " favour able as regards total dist:ince. but as regards saved. It also appears that several steam-ship owtteiN in %%notice are ready to plaee a line of the best ste n o vessels on each ocean, in connection with the undertaking; and it is thought that, towards the close of next year, the whole line w ill be i n opera ti on . The effect of this will be, that w hil s t th e P anama route will monopolise the trade and truffle of the south Pacific Oceamtlie Tehuantepec route will com mand almost the entire travel and traffic of California aid the N o rth pacific. THE PRESS I'ONTRACF NTEA3I COIII'ANIES. 'rim following stutaaoer►t bas lately been published, showing the imi n amount of h ohaidies paid to the %ari tttt s contract steam companies, and the returns to the thivertnitent in the shape of postage re. coitus, this annual balance against the country being no less than :I 14,710/. This result *trunk of itself a striking illustration of the consettnencen of Slate interl•'rences in ono of the most important brw►ehes of titivate enterprise. When, however, it in recollected, in addition, that the expenditure of the stun in question has been a means of checking all that improvcn►eut in steam navigation which is lobe attained only by unrestricted competition, tl►at it has caused a rankling sense of injustice to be felt by *hone oolonies which have bean neglected, while other* have been favoured, that it luta led the United States avowedly to adopt a retal►atory courao, mid has this% eatiscil lootween the two co►utties a rivalry irritating as It wot►ld have been healthy il• left to the energies of individuals, and, finally, that it has for year' oust placed in tho hands of the Treasury anal the Adn►i ralty an 1111111eit irremponsilde power of dispensing ncarh a million of money to %twit compattiefi as Might be ably to eslubli.h the neeessat•y influence, • full idea will be gain►sl ol• the Isidore of the system. The present :Ministry are understood to have recog nised the evils that have thus arisen ; lint, although they have shown a disposition to check them, air to► bring then► within more moderate limits for the titan's, the broad litietrthe that the Means fir eonl Menial comminsii•at' throughout the world K I id tort to ammo'. Itwomotv..., that aweini bounties ►IINIII one route can onh• operate unfairly upon others, and that the sole hinetiiiii of the tiovernitiont is to sea' that ship„wn►'rs who undertake to earry letierit stictl• fulfil the ohlf:mti they amaintie, is neither acted upon tom acknowledged : lti F.4tiliiiste.i 4311011111 of Ilrlt 1,41, rithatliosilorlo..l go fir the )...ti. kriiiti of voila net lair 011111110. hicket I,lttP. North Amerlt 1111 N',••L listititte stud Worthen C m .1. 120.m0 .1 4 i 1 D,41111 Ii II (.lIIMI 1.1 1i 12; ,htli; M 11 11.9ra 1 11 911,171 14 0 1 4,300 13 4) 2,rgis 2 M,M7O M 0 11,003 A (I PM 'S 10 11 II 11 IIiIMMO 0 0 4'hooll II 0 19911011 0 11 40,5011 II 0 411,11111 11 0 II 0 2:1340 11 11 F:or+l I notion I'4ll onstrallan l'alw of (jots' ffitikO W.. 101 ..lAffit:ll I hamburg itas4 I lollaud 17,000 0 0 To dal 419.11111) 5 4 0421,1150 0 0 A stipplenwiit to the. Victoria titivervitnent (Mien, was published on the 11th Jitly last whit+ etintainwd fifty rolittnits of thr amn..041.4 of unclaimed letters. Ti,,: 1:114.4 %N 1141VVILNMENT FrNi TIioNAIIIFS are til/4/hr 0 . 1/11 . 1114441. Tht • ft/Mowing inalanee of their comiption is related in a recentlypublished work'—" A young man In. beriteel a large estate in the 'toren 00000 .tot of Mimeos.. A noee:lll...llr unjustly claimed is mot of it. Tla• ...mitt :Ann asked his tinele, the chief judge of the .district, of lw ought to gi •to law, or moment to an errantretnent. The uncle tee ouleil him to go to law, summing hint he Mould grOlt his suit. m moutha after lie 'valued that he had hail the aethin, because his uncle lira allim..l i i iiiipielf hi 114• es ormpti•ol for the ruts of In .f MN) r0u1.1i , .. 1 1, ' Im. 1 • 11 ' 41 to his nude a n d reproaches! him bitterly 'lt ia true,' hald he, calmly., ' that vllll have lost your action—taw also that I a o , l ite,l 111,111111 nottilleg riiiill row a.lveraare ; but that %us sill he had. It' you tool gained Inuit snit lii.n . . nit V. 14.4 your 0051. 114. would have appealed. and. lsy ~ c oding his II 0,111/10 roubles to St. l'eleralburg, would have gained his 1111100.. Mit WOW do you take the umney, 1411. 1/414, anti ti n will toteeetsi: The nephew, &lighted, gratvfully tuihravvd ha unvlv.'s