The Express. — London, England, 1861-08-20 00:00:00

pious miff CLASS sad LONDON PRIZE MsDAIA. WM/OMM sod 000 DIOf 001.00LITIN JIWILLIERS. lismanker 111. Ilaneleraftegi. Ommlordis. WAVasisa. N.& This miebilaniell dem ale Is 0 0.101. us Illitirige al I Weda. HARMONIIIIIB-11r1W MODIL. —. 0111411111111, lOWA set Olk. 1111. 161.11.41.114 T .OYOILII HYDROSTATIC TIA and 007111 AA PILOOLATOL —I is IMAM 'um Weft Oral anwlig. oo Sl 4 1 MM. Inn 0 rid kes.-1. Wink 1 1 11. Qviess-stried. LC. Mind WA w. • vie en)refso. laullmessis ftimiell be ••11i• iqpn:" Landes Ovules Ifterse. the mos b. is as «sec s. beiniels4l“l4 by Two Veldt is day of yellismka. MAYMARILIT. TOMEDI& 1711 !ALAIMO OP COMFORT. Mr. Hews awl Min N. Oftvw.—MY WILD AND MY LADY. Or. not Ni.. C. MAthows.—HL WOULD 111 AN ACTOR.—And BAC CHUS AND AZIADNI. Mies L Leekroi.—Colonsese• IA T. BRITANNIA. TWO VIM.. THE GREAT FIRE 1W LONDoN -+lnaing by Ifissars. InklehrAn.lt, ' , mood. and Bytisty.-Grand IhwerUre meet, Mdlle dodo Ateplue-TBS VULENTILICA.-And MARY UV THE LIUHIBUL -Cosommos lisll•paAt tt. MS VAT= AT LODOW moot Teo DAT A -.Y id —lllsnies, lA. Ma. N.... Memos. Si. tie. To mishow—llloadis S. 0a.... Atlentisa. ta. 52n. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 20. TO OUR RZADERB. SPORTING ENTILLLIGENCE. A !ate edition el the Express is published every eveniNg during the rasing season, containing the results of the days rasa As we anticipated, the opportunity of discuss ing the effects of the Encumbered Estates Court was not lost by the members of the Social Science Association assembled at Dublin. It was fit that so important • subject should be elucidated by some person of authority ; and the paper read by Mr. LawsioN, the present Solicitor-General for Ireland, indorsed as it was by the eminent authority of Mr. Worrisome, ought to command considerable attention. In Ireland the ad vantages of the Encumbered Estates Court are universally admitted. Even those who were originally opposed to its creation are now con vinced that they were mistaken. And the only question now discussed is the best mode of extend ing its operation. Besides the facilities thus enjoyed of transferring land, and the additional security of title obtained by the action of the Court, the important point is to devise some means whereby land may be more readily mort gaged, or, in other words, used as a security for the loan of money. It is difficult to believe that any real difficulty should exist in the way of this reform, especially as Judge LONOTICLD, who with his colleague Judge HAZOIMATZ has presided over the Encumbered Estates Court, or as it is now called, the Landed Estates Court, since its origin, has himself con structed • plan for the purpose. In the mean time it may be interesting to explain the results of the Irish system, in order to ascertain whether a similar system might not be introduced into this country. It is matter of history that the Encumbered Estates Court was introduced as a pure matter of necessity. A vast =MS of landed property had become so inextricably involved by mortgages and settlements that the ordinary modes of dealing with it had become practically inapplicable. In abort, land in Ireland had become practically un saleable. The principle of the remedy for this state of things, suggested by the late Sir Roam. Pm and carried into effect by the present Master of the Rolls, Sir Jones ROMILLT, was to erect a court whose duty it should be, first, to inves tigate any title and to pronounce upon it judicially; and next, having satisfied Resit that there was a good title, to confer upon any purchaser an indefeasible title to the land in question. Until the creation of the new court not only every new transfer implied the necessity of a new heresliption into the history of all the trans actions senieseted with land about to be transferred, Ewing the last 60 years, out the treeseetions bed beeeme so complicated, and the Watery of Irkh Mee se perplexed that no purchaser weld ban an, ainAdense in the result of the isweitiselion. At all events, in case of say mistake the purelieser was liable to be ousted from his purchase. The only possible insane, therefore of inspiring that etinfldence, and of inducing purchasers to come forward was to offer them a title guaranteed by the judgment of an authorised tribunal. Nor, as the Soucnon-Osinenat fairly observes, was there anything unreasonable in this—for the creation of an Encumbered or Leaded Liaise Court is merely invoking the aid of the law to solve the difficulties and perplexities mimed by the kw. If, indeed, the effect of such a tribunal had been to do injustice to the rights of individuals, or even if the tribunal had failed to conciliate the support of landowners, there might be good reason for restricting its operation to cases like those of Ireland in 1848, when extraordinary circumstances required extraordinary remedies. But the history of Ireland during the last thirteen years proves that no such caution was needed. On the contrary, the benefits of the new jurisdiction have been such that recourse has been had by landowners to all sorts of fictions in order to enable them to bring themselves and their property within the scope of the land tri bunaL Out of the 3,613 petitions presented to the court and discussed during ten years, no fewer than 1,363 were presented, not by incumbrancers, but by owners; and whereas out of the first 100 pe titions presented only sit were presented by owners, out of the last 100 nofewer than 47 were presented by owners. But, further, it appears that laudowners actually created fictitious incumbrances in order that they might take advantage of the court as a mode of transfer. It is thus abundantly clear that the Landed Estates Court has not only been the means of bringing encumbered land into the market which was formerly retained perforce in insolvent hands, but has indirectly created a new system of conveying land, of which sol vent landowners have eagerly availed themselves. And the statistics of the operations of the Court are the best proof of its success. Now, it appears that since its opening a parliamentary title has been established to about 3,200,000 statute acres of IroLind, or about one-sixth of its ales; and a sum of 28,000,0001. of purchase money has been distributed. Nor let it be supposed that the effect of these vast transactions has been to transfer the land in Ireland front the hands of the Irish to those of foreigners. For whilst the number of Irish purchasers was 8,258,' the number of English, Scotch, and foreign purchasers was only 324 ; and taking the gross produce of certain sales at 23,160,0001., whilst 3,160,0001. was paid by English, Scotch, and foreign pur chasers, the sum of 20,000,0001. represented the Irish capital invested in Irish land. These facts prove that the system of transferring land inaugurated by the Encumbered Estates Court, and now rendered permanent by the Landed Estates Court, is fitted not only for a crisis such as that which occurred in Ireland at the famine and exodus of 1848, but for times of peace and prosperity. The expense and perplexities of the ordinary law of transfer appear to be so great that landowners are glad to escape from thorn, and, fortunately, the operation of the Landed Estates Court is such as to enable them to gratify their rational desires. At present the Landed Estates Court is • sepa rate tribunal from the Court of Chancery, and one question discussed the other day was whether this arrangement ought to be permanent. It is certainly a little remarkable that one effect of the new court has been to put a stop to no fewer than 1,298 Chancery suits, and to all the expense and delay which such proceedings involve. Whe ther the Judges and practitioners in the Irish Court of Chancery are endowed with such an extra ordinary share of self-denial as voluntarily to de prive themselves of the perquisites attached to some thirteen hundred Chancery suits evidently excites some serious doubts even in the mind of Mr. Wurraiur ; but at all events, the result of • separate tribunal is so satisfactory that no change should now be thought of. Indeed the probability is, that unless the novel and somewhat peculiar jurisdiction of the Landed Estates Court had been committed to a new and special tribunal, the old traditions of common law and equity would have prevented the development of the new system. But the question naturally occurs—if this Landed Estates Court his proved so great a success in Ire land, why should not a similar court meet with the like success in England? The law of real property in both countries is almost identical ; lawyers who have acquired eminence in Lincoln's-inn h►ve been constantly been transferred to the Chancellor's seat at Dublin. The same legal interests, the same family settlements, the same com plications caused by charging landed estates as • security for money lent, the same sort' of leases, the same necessity for the easy transfer of land devoted to building purposes, are common to both countries. If a Landed Estates Court has been found so great a convenience for the Irish landlord, is it not reasonable to suppose that the English landlord would find it a similar convenience t It is impossible to say that the English landlords are satisfied with the system of transfer which at present prevails, because not only the proceedings of Parliament but the Re port' of Commissions abundantly attest their dissatisfaction. Indeed, both sides of the House of Commons are deeply committed to carry into effect the plan recommended by the last Commis sion which reported upon the subject. If that plan can be carried into effect the question is settled. But failing that, it is at all events possible to do for England what has been already done for Ireland. In the meantime it is to be hoped that the Irish law officers will apply themselves to the tuk of completing their system, so that the land may not only be absolutely transferred with facility and economy, but used with equal facility and economy as a mortgage security. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. - • PRUSSIA. COLOGNE, Amyl? 18. The King of Prussia arrived here from Mayence yesterday evening, end was met at the station by the Prince and Princess Royal, who had arrived from England in the afternoon. His Majesty and their royal highnesses rode through the town, which was illuminated, in an open carriage, and were saluted with the meet enthusiastic acclamations. His Majesty afterwards made his appearance at the balcony of the palace, when the national hymn was spontaneously sung by the people. This morning the royal party visited the Radian Museum and the Fine Arts Exhibition. At 9 o'clock the King took leave of the Prince and Princess, and con tinued his journey to Ostend, where he intends to remain for three weeks. Their royal highnesses will visit Bonn to-day, and depart to-morrow for Gotha by Dusseldorf and Camel. The Kiwi: Zeitting, the organ of the feudal party in Prussia, has an article, intended to influenoe the approaching elections, in which it predicts the most frightful calamities for the world. It shows storms approaching from all parts of the compass— from Venice, from Dalmatia, from the Princi palities, from Hungary, from Poland, and Ger many, attacked at once on all her frontiers. The voyage of the King of Sweden to France it re gards as the evidence of a Franco-Scandinavian alliance. Win Court. --e-- OSBORNE, Auousr 19. Count Gleielsen arrived on • visit to her Majesty yeaterday. Lady Churchill hsa encoseded the Countess al Derr r lady in Waitisg. Her Majesty's Coasssissioners for the lateraatiosal Exhi• lition of 1+462 have received an illtiloatios that the follow lag geotlemen have bona appointed ocniunksioness to repre seat the littered' of Greece in the fortissimo* Exhibition : IL N. Hiessbaris (oilskins), K. Onelaatim Dodos, M. G. Nan*, N.P., N. L Lavaseer. N. 71. Orphiaidas, M. P. thireasposios. M. & tlpiliclakY, N. D. Amiss, N. N. Bal. muskl, N. & Xsaa, M. Imam Mal& N. & lialas C. Dowd. asil K. John Ghiaakoa Dumniabas nom mind yamerday at th. OulaWamw h'olll t. Chmenam d ibir Malvinas, tie &lamas, th. Nora Amadora Proviassa, Malta, and Gibealiar. Dr wails. mom mint So the Common at SW Australia Co. lonist Coyle% Hoag Kces, and Labors. DI HIG Lm—(Tau Da.y. )--The miming* d the Marquis d Bath with the Hew Kiss Verney. eldest daughter of Viscount and Vismentew De Veld, tank pies at St. James's Church, Piccadilly, Ude eternise. The sermsey wee premed by the Hoe. and Rev. Lord Jetta nylons, D. A .llitisDiaa of Westminster Abbey. - - Her Malady's yacht Victoria and Albert, Capt. lir Hoe. Jeseph Denman, and the Osboree, Meeter•Oont /sander George B. Bower, sailed from Portsmouth yesterday sera* for H..lybead to mosey her Majesty, the Prism Cemart, and royal family thence n, Irehad. Queen Christina of Spain and the Duke de litiassorea arrived at Yolkestose last Griming by the Rooth liwiera Railway, and procerikd to the Royal Pavilloa Ratel. adore tbey will stay fora few days. Hia Royal litghoesetbo Duke of Oporto ham left Guides Hotel for Boutlimpice. Hie Imperial Ingham the Duke Nicholas Leach temberi, stameded by Wesel lieldiader, has arrived at Cleridge's Betel hem Mania. The Duke of Somerset sad the Lord,' of the Admiralty leave tome to-morrow sera* on an official visit of inspection to the royal dockyard at Sheerness. The Earl Cowper has arrived at Glensheil, his eheoting•lor ie the Highlands, when the noble awl has a select party. The Earl and Countess of Stamford and War einem have left &villa Hall for the Douse, laversess shin. Colonel Carr Lloyd and Mra. Lloyd have arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. Mimi Couttu and Mrs. Brown have left town for the Continent. On Monday week the chief atone of a church in Millbrook, near Stalybridge, was laid by Mr. John Heirloom, his father (Mr. Abel Maniacs), the owner of • large cotton mill in the village, bevies e-mtributed the handsome sum of 1,200/. towards the building. The Rite, one acre, sod 2001. are liberally given by the Earl of Stamford, who also gives an acre of land for a pareottage.home. The church is to seat 500 parents. The architects are Messrs. G. and J. Shaw, of Saddleworth, and the style is early Eaglia. The British Consul at Geneva mentions an in teresting fact in • letter frost Claamouni, dated the 1154. SOON of our modem will remember the tragic end at Auguste Taira!, Pierre Palmat, and Pierre Carrier, the three Chamounix guides, who were swept from the Grand Plateaux by an avalanche on the 20th of August, 1820, while making, or attempting, the ascent of Moot Blame with Dr. Hammel. and some Oftftenee gentlemen. No times whatever of these poor fellows had ever been di. covered from the moment of their destruction till the moaning of the 15th, when various fragments were found on the lower part of the Glacier des Bosom mitering the valley. The circumstance has caused the most interim excitement in the village of Chamouoix sad the whole valley. Professor Forbes has repeatedly told the Cliamounix guides that they might look out for traces ci their deceased comrades la the Lower Domes in about 40 or 45 years after the cateskophe ; he told august* Banat is 185.9 to keep a lookeed. The weed says :—" I havejert returned from the ' Mayeroe Coartorsin: where a precis retie( of the whole occurrence hie bees drawn sp. 1 bare suggested to his worship the preservation of the arm, hair, Ac., is spirits ; it would be exceedingly to be regretted were these relies allowed to remain without al effort to retain them; since this minim, in fact, the arm has discoloured a little. What the glacier has retained 40 odd years perfectly preserved will putrefy in as many hours lin the valley below. The weather is magnificent; there have been smote nearly every day for the last fortnight.* POLAND. KALISCH (RUSSIAN-POLAND), Auausr 18. Serious disturbances broke out here yesterday, in consequence of the arrest of an apothecary. Crowds of people assembled and insulted the patrols. . . A great number of women wearing the national colours surrounded the colonel, and demanded the release of the prisoner, which was thereupon granted. The number of people, however, gradually in creased, and their attitude became more threaten ing, until the whole garrison assembled underarms, and threatened to fire on the people. Numerous arrests have been made. THE HERZEGOVINA. RAGUSA, AUGUST 19. The chief of the insurgents in the Herzegovina has requested the intercession of Russia in order to again bring about pesos with the Turks. Omer I'acha has approved of this proposal, and the Russian and Austrian embassies at Constan tinople have deputed commissioners to proceed to Mostar, iu order to open negotiations. AMERICA. NEW YORE, AOOOO 10. (per Aesto-Sexca, vii Quebec met Leerkerterry.) It is reported that the Confederates are concen trating in large force at Fairfax, and are throw ing up entrenchments at the favourable points near that place. The Confederates burned the town of Hampton, near Fortress Munroe, on the 7th inst. General M 'Dowell's official report of the battle at Bull's Run has been published. It gives the number of killed at 19 officers and 460 men, 1,000 wounded, and 1,900 missing, on the side of the Federalists.. The Secessionist. captured 13 loaded provision waggons., 3,000 bushels of oats 2,500 muskets, and 8,000 knapsacks and blankets. The Europa has arrived out. LATEST BY TELEGRAPH VIA FATHER POINT. NEW YORE, Attauttr 10, Eviarnia. The political news is unimportant. Cotton is firm and advanung. Middling Upland, 18e. to 18ic. Breadstuff' tending upwards. Pro vieions dull. Stocks dull. Illinois Central, 64.4 ; 26e ; New York Central, 74i. Exchange on London.—Bankers' Bill", 107 to 107 i. QUEBEC, AUGUST 10. The Canadian markets are generally dull. Freights to Liverpool are scarce. Exchange LI quiet. LONDONDERRY, AuGuirr 20. The Canadian screw steamer Anglo Saxon, which arrived here this morning, passed the Nova Scotian and Bohemian on her hoineward voyage. EXPORT OF SPECIE BOUTHAYPION, Almon 20. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Pera, sailing to-day, takes out in specie, sove reigns 3,3921., bar silver 37,9001., precious stones 2,1181., bar gold 4401., silver coin 4,3201., dollars 19,2031., and gold leaf, thread, jewellery, watches, 0,423/. ITALY. A letter from Turin of the 13th states that the Minister of Marine has entered into a contract with the house of W. H. Webb and Co., of New York,for the construction of two iron-cased frigates, which are to be completed in eighteen months. The greatest activity also prevails in the naval yards at Genoa, Leghorn, and Castellamare. A fine squadron is to be shortly fitted out for the purpose of cruising and surveying the coasts of the kingdom. The Perweeransa of Milan gives bowie further particulars respecting the Italian iron-cased fleet : TM maned signed by the naval department with ]gr. Webb, of New York , has Just bum smeillied as Mews : 1. A rodasthea rd 2 per amt. has beta abitheth vat the_ pries Hat amid ea el 6,657,000 line fee 41816 Of She two systems, English and Fres* sa reprseibtad by the theirs aad the Warrior, the prefernes Ma bens gime to the French system. The frigates are to be coop/end at the contractors' risks in two year, and a half. lu addition to iron-cased frigates, the Terrible and Formidable are now building at the iron works of La Rayne, near Toulon. The Diritto of Turin publishes intelligence from Caprera to the 7th, giving some acoount of Gari baWs health and opinions on affairs in general : bused Geribaldi, who had been attleked with his rhea. main pains, remained in bed for several days, sad until the 4th sever left the house. Since that day be hes revalued his walks, ad now nothing remains of he complaint but a slight pain in his left head, which will shortly disappear by the use of the vapour bath. Very much grieved at whet is going oa in Naples, he makes it the subject of long ecia. venation' with the cempaalies at bit solitude, and with the frequent whiten, Haim sad foreign, who urge him, but in van, to leave the Weed. He WI formally deciarid that be will not do so mien caespalled by events. He receives a great number of address@ and letters frees all nations who are labouring for the great mane of independence and el liberty. Requests for advice are sent to him from all aides. sad be gives it amoedng to that political intelligence which up to the t tine has prevented him from com mitting as act trhiok was net for the dignity and welfare of his country. The Lyons journals state thatamongtbe caudidatus for the degree of Bachelor of Letters during the present academical session in that city is a young lady, who, being compelled by a reverse of fortune to become a governess,has bad the perseverance to wry her studies much farther than usual for her sex. She posed through the first exami- nations with great credit, and there is every probability that she will be the first Lachelilre admitted by the Coivemity of Prance. M. Petit, director of the Observatory of Tou louse, has addreseed a communication to the journals of that town, in which he says :—" The brilliant comet of 30th Jean, which has become invisible to the naked eye, may still be seen with a telescope, and has at prompt the ap pearance of one of those numerous comets whose appearance never attract public attention. It now has the aspen of • small nebulosity with a Namely perceptible nucleus, not huger than a star of the 9th or 10th magnitude, and is rapidly retreating from us almost in • straight line, so that its apparent position eschews, little clangs" A letter from Valdieri, in Piedmont, gives some particulars of the shooting quartets of King Victor Immanuel, is the mountains near that pretty little water ing-plaoe, and adds :—"As early as 3 eels* in the morning the King goes out 'bootleg ; he always Mee one of those little Sardinian mares, which are munfoonid, active, and indefatigable, and his Majesty does tot ratans until night fall. That he should sleep soundly, eves without a mattress. is not surprising." AUGUST 20, 18M. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (ROY OUR OWN PARIS, MONDAY EVINDNI. The clerico-retrograde journals, while singing paeans at the prospect of an Anglo-Austrian alli ance, seem wholly to ignore the sole basis upon which such alliance (assuming it, unfortunately, to become a political necessity) can ever be founded— that is to say, the adhesion of Austria to English liberal and constitutional principles. They contem plate in a single visionary tableau the subjugation of 'Lowy, and the repression of Venetia, together with the overthrow of " the revolution" in France, and all this by the aid of the armies and fleets of free England. The Mwede treats the so-called constitu tionalism of Austria as a preposterous notion. Austria must be absolute or nothing. By adhering to her old system she may get through her difficul ties ; hesitating—paltering with the revolution— she is lost. The Bourse was firm to-day. Rental rose sc. for both cash and account, leaving off at 68fr. 45c. for cash, and 68fr. 50c. for account. Mobilier rose 6fr. 25c. for cash, and 10fr. for account, the prices being respectively Mfr. 50c. and 740 fr. M. Miris appeared before the court to-day, and on his declaring that it would be impossible to prepare his defence before Monday next, the Presi dent, after some hesitation, agreed to an adjourn ment of the defence till that day. The Pattie comments in not very measured lan guage upon the fact of the English . ship Exmouth having landed her Marines at Can tellurian., where, by the permission of the governor, they went through their evolutions. The Petrie sees in this a cheap mode of appearing to aid the Italian cause, worthy of the country that has declared she will not give a man or a 'chafing to the same. Yon are accused, too, of not doing anything in Italian Ratites in your market. Prince and Princess Murat, and the Princess Anna and Prince Achille Murat, have arrived at the camp at ChAlons on a visit to the Emperor, and are to remain there for a few days. General Fanti and two other Italian officers have also reached the camp to witness the manoeuvres. They have the honour of residing at the imperial head-quarters. Prince Nalim Pacha, brother of the Viceroy of Egypt, returned to Paris yesterday from a visit to his Majesty. AMERICA. (nod on ow' BOSTON, U.S., Auourr 5. Reverses rouse a brave and spirited nation, and as the North was only partially awake to the ex tent and greatness of the conflict in which they are engaged, the battle at Bull's Run has served to open the eyes of the people. The feelings of sad ness and gloom which at first spread from the Potomac to the St. Lawrence have given place to activity and hope. This sudden rebound shows the natural elasticity of the North. It has not as yet made a great strain on its resources, so that the discomfiture it has received will prove a whole some check instead of a aenous disaster. From the heart of New York city to the remotest rural village there will be found this buoyant feeling. The belief is well nigh universal that the Fede ral army will in the end show its superiority, and that the cause of the North will triumph. Whe ther this will prove true or not in fact, the people firmly believe it will, and this conviction fills them with eagerness and courage. True, the tone of public sentiment is sobered. Men begin more vividly to apprehend the serious aspects of war. They are less sanguine, but more resolute. The efficiency with which the new commander has en tered upon his duties has contributed to increase the confidence of the public, while a fresh spirit has already been infused among the soldiers. General M'Clellse has the entire confidence of men of all parties. His previous brilliant ser vices in the Mexican war, and the marked success which attended his recent campaign in Western Virginia, have given him a prestige second only to General Scott. He is thoroughly acquainted with the advanced modes of scieu tarn warfare, has had • military education superior to most American officers, and has that tact or ability of controlling men which are so essential for a successful general. In some features of character he presents a striking contrast to Gene ral Beauregard. The latter has the tire and ardour of a Southern. He has engaged in this cause with the roused passion of an euthusiast, and allows his feelings to blind his judgment. This is shown in his proclamations, some of which I have made men tion of before, where he mis-states and misrepre sents the purpose and conduct of the North. He belongs to that clam of men who feel so iutensely on that which interests them as to be incapable of doing justice to an opponent. This may not de tract from his military capacity, as it would from his ability for comprehensive statesmanship. Still it does hurry him into language and seta which his high sense of honour and truth would otherwise condemn. General Beau regard's ardour of feeling, so far as we know, has never led him astray in the camp. His bravery and skill as an engineer are unques tionable, and he seems to have a natural aptitude for war, which approaches, even if it does not reach to military genius. General M'Clellan, with equal skill and in some respect. wider observation, has less ardour but greater depth of conviction. He would not so readily impress a stranger, and by the cast of his mind is so far from enthusiasm that be can look upon a subject from an enlarged point of view. His proclamations in Western Virginia and his addresses to the soldiers are entirely free from misrepresentations of his enemy. Both are of a character to deepen the convictions of men rather than to inflame their passions. In the character of the one sentiment so largely enters as to be the ruling force of action, while a calm, fixed principle more fully controls the other. Of their exact military qualities we shall have more knowledge after they have tested them more completely in the severe school of actual warfare. Of one thing we may be certain, that as long as General M'Olellan shall have the organization and command of the Federal army we shall not see a repetition of the blunders of Bull's Run. General Welellan had not been in Washington twenty-four hours before his presence was felt. He at once inspected the ciimpsand fortifications. Before a week bad passed the army was divided into brigades, with their proper officers, and separate encampments, and appointed drills. The dram shop, that pest of the soldier, was taken in hand, and invoking the arm of the law, these sources of demoralization were suppressed. Parades, a species of play soldiering, have given place to the serious work of preparation for actual service, and re porters of every kith and kin are expelled from the lines, and if found with their blabbing pen or pencil will be summarily dealt with. Officers and men are put under the strict discipline of the camp. New regiments as they arrive quietly go to the places previously assigned. Better care is taken that the men be well fed and clothed, while a new vigour and efficiency are infused into the War He pariment. All this will strengthen the weak points in the Federal army. One of the greatest sources of in efficiency has been in the lack of suitable regi mental officers. This to some extent might be expected from the circumstances of the case. A large army raised and organised in a hundred days from mom engaged in peace ful pursuits requires • largo number of com missioned offivers. Beyond the supply furnished by the graduates of West Point and those who had seen service, there was a demand which at first could only be met by civilians •, and that iu the I hurry of preparation, red also by the action of po litical influence, captains and colonels should be commissioned who were wholly incompetent, is no wonder. In this respect the South at the onset will have the advantage of the North. As for the last fifteen years the head of the War Depart ment has been a Southern man, and as the limited industry of this section has not called into service the talents and energies of the educated class, a large proportion of these have entered the military service. In tiwesof peace even those officiate at the North who have held high rank, have left the army to engage in active business. Thus General Fre mont gave his energies to his extensive mines in California ; General M'Clellan resigned his com mission to take charge of a great railroad corpora tion ; and General Rosiencrantz, who has distin guished himself in Western Virginia, paged from a professorship at West Point, and gave an oil manufactory at Cincinnati tbe benefit of his valua ble services. In this way a large number of officers at the North are lured into civil life, and the active service fella into the hands of the Southern gentle men. When the secession movement began these officers from the South resigned, while in almost every case the private soldiers remained loyal to tbe Union. Hence there arose at once a great de mand for officers. Most of the graduates at West Point, as well as those who were in the Mexican war, have entered the service, but these do not supply the demand. Several foreigners who have had experience in Europe have also received commissions, but even with these there still remained many vacancies which civilians eager and desirous wished to fill. As in the organisation of the regiments in the States before they are mastered into the United States service the appointments are in the hands of the 1 civil of fi cers, political considerations have much in 'fluence. In consequence of this state of affairs a military board 'ma been established, and the regi mental officers now in service will be examined, and those who are incompetent will be deprived of their commissions. The government will avail itself of all the skill and experience it can command, and many European officers have already been accepted, and assigned places for active duty. Thus vigorous efforts are making for the better organisation and discipline of the Federal army. In the meantime affairs seem to be coming to a head in Missouri. Secession troops reported at 15,000 have landed from Tennessee at New Madrid, a town on the Mississippi, in the south east corner of this State. The condition of affairs is so pecu liar in Missouri as to demand the interest and attention of every European who would have a comprehensive idea of the different features of the secession movement. At the time the cotton States separated from the Union Governor Jackson and • majority of the legislature who had been elected on the old party issues were very desirous of so complicating matters in Missouri as to draw her into the secession movement. Not daring, as Virginia and Tennessee, to vote their State out of the Union, and then leave the ratification of their acts to the people, they passed a bill requiring the election of delegates to a convention who should consider this whole subject. This body, fresh from the people, were opposed to the State seceding. In the meantime the legislature passed an oppres sive and unconstitutional law and a military bill. An army was to be raised, and used really to coerce the State into secession. At least such was, the opinion of the Unionists. A series of events mentioned in a previous letter led to the displacing of Governor Jackson. The convention • short time since re-assembled, and declared the offices of I governor, lieutenant-governor, and treasurer va cant, as they had left the State, and failed to per form their duties, and proceeded to elect others to fill their places. At the same time they declared the legislature to be void. The officers chosen are firm and unconditional Union men. The ground on which this action of the convention was taken was the necessity of the case. The new governor has taken the oath, and he will be sustained by the Union men, and the authority of the United States. General Pillow, with the force of 15,000, has entered the State from Tennessee, and issued a proclamation in which he declares his intention of reinstating Governor Jackson and the old order of things. General Fremont has charge of the Federal forces, and is aided by several divisions of troops in different sections of the State. These divisions are officered by able and experienced soldiers. Thus far the most brilliant and skilful military movements of the war have been made in Missouri. The attack and retreat of Colonel Sigel was • masterly show of rapid and successful manoeuvring and brave defence. With a very much smaller force he managed by an adroit feigned movement to deceive his enemy, place them in an exposed posi tion, and then, by a sudden change in his own force, swept them by his artillery. So General Lyon, when he moved towards Jefferson City, did not march up to thejenemy's battery, but landing five miles below, took it in the rear, and by • feigned retreat drew his foe into an open field, where he turned and opened upon him with artil lery and musketry, until there was a complete rout. The subsequent march of General Lyon to the relief of Colonel Sigel was • prodigy of labour and endurance. These facts, in connexion with the vigour of General Pope's course in the north part of this State, and the well known energy and force of character which distinguish General Fremont, are assurances that the Federal cause in Missouri is in the hands of efficient and able officers, some of whom will during the war gain high military distinction. Soon there will be severe fighting here, and the fields of this young and growing State will be drenched in blood. Let ue only trust that this will prove its baptism into liberty. In Kentucky to-day there is an election of a portion of the State Senate, House of Representa tives, and treasurer, which attracts more than usual interest, because the result will be an indica tion of public sentiment, and also because the mem bers elected will control the legislature. The posi tion of this State is very peculiar. It remains in the Union, but claims to be neutral. It has not an ' emancipation party with organization and strength as the one in Missouri, but the love of the Union as a sentiment is stronger than in any other border slave State. The memory of her eminent states man, Henry Clay, whose name is wrought into the history of the national struggles for nearly half a century, is widely cherished. According to the Louis ville Journal, the large slaveholders are among the foremost friends of the Union. Prudential and eco nomic considerations also have force in this State. Kentucky has an extensive trade with the North, and from her geographical position exposes • long line of territory to the Free States. I Several long railroads running through the entire north-west are so situated that large bodiesof troops could easily be .concentrated on any given point of her northern frontier. These considerations have a powerful influence, notwithstanding her slave holding sympathies with the South. Many of her leading men have fought gallantly against the de- Isigns of the Secemionists, among whom the Hon. Joseph Holt is foremost. His name will be impe rishably connected with his times, not only as an honest and faithful official, but also as a firm and patriotic statesman. Mr. Holt was Postmaster- General in Mr. Buchanan's administration, and in his private character is far superior to the rdinary politician. When South Carolina took the initiative step, he at once set his face against the whole move meat, and by his rigid firmness gave what little energy remained to imbecile and corrupt Cabinet, and after Mr. Floyd left the Treasury department be stepped in to rescue the government from de struction. When he retired to his State, he carried with him the esteem and gratitude of the entire liaNbourtul. labou rs . SnHiicssiwtohrthen have has estirre as been anurnceast:einneg strengthened n en h ed is many a salient son of Kentucky, and the triumph of the Union ticket which is anticipated in the election of to-day, if realised, will be owing not a little to the efforts of this upright and patriotic statesman. M. Eugene Ponjade has been just appointed Consul-General of nano, at Florence. Y. Ponied° has been for many years in the annular or diplomatic semis% his last appointment being that of Consul-General and diplomatic spat at Bucharest. SOUTH LANCASHIRE ELECTION. -0- OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF TEI POLL The official declaration of the poll for the South Lancashire election took place at one o'clock yesterday. The High Sheriff, Sir Humphrey de Trafford, Mr. Charles Tamer, the successful candidate, Sir Robert Gerrard, General Lindaay, Major Bourne, Captain Hesketh, Edward Lloyd, Esq., of Manchester, N. Eckenley, Esq., of Wigan, and other gentlemen connected with Mr. Turner's commit• tee in Liverpool, Manchester, &c., were on the hustings. The Hem 3 / 1 1111717, amidst enthusiastic cheers, announced that the votes for Mr. Turner were 9,714, and for Mr. Cheatham 8,898 ; giving a majority for Mr. Turner of $l6 votes. Mr. TURNER having been duly girded with a sword as a Knight of the Shire, then addressed those present. Alter a few preliminary observations, be said that the contest they had so successfully fought was, as to whether they were at• Cached to those great conservative principles which would conserve their institutions, while making such improvements as time and experience would suggest and show to be never sary, or whether they were in favour of those democratic principles which Mr. Cheatham advocated, via., separation Cl church and_state, vote by ballot, triennial parliaments, and American democracy. They had decided that question Lathe most unmistakeable manner by their votes. The proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the sheriff. THE LATE PRINCE ADAM CZARTORYSKI. Yesterday morning a solemn requiem mass was celebrated by the Vag Rev. Dr. Maguire, canon theologian, at St. Patrick's Cathofic Chapel Sutton-street, Soho•quare, for the repose of the soul al Prinos Adam Curtoryski, who died at the Chateau Montfermeil, near Paris, on the 11th of lent month. A superb catafalque was erected in the middle of the chapel, and cenamented with the arms of the prince, on which appeared the Polish motto, "Come what 'nay." The service was attended by a large number of Polish exiles, and the chapel wee filled with other person', friends of the Polish awe, generally attired in black. Later in the day • meeting of the Polish Historical So ciety (of which the lamented prince was a patron) was held at Sussex Chambers, Duke-et:est, St. James's. In the alp mice from London of Colonel Sayrrna, the president, the chair was occupied by the vierpreadent, Major Szulczewski. VOLUNTEER OFPICER.B. TO TIM IWITOI OF TIN ZIPSZOB. beg to offer you • few remarks on the muse, of the efficiency of volunteer officers. My opinions are based on my own experience as a volunteer when serf. ing on General Garibaldi's staff in the war of 1859, and • commander of brie in the last war. I have also served with regular troops both in England and in Italy. Your correspondents on this subject overrate the value of • mare knowledge of company and battalion dnll. Some of the most brilliant officers of volunteers in the last two Italian wars were almost wholly ignorant of anything of the sort. It is also a mistake to fancy that examinations of any kind can with advantage be made compulsory on volun. teer officers --- Thefintrequhument in one .110 conlll3llll , ■ TOlntltbelll ie that be should he willingly followed by his men. This rosy, in the present state of English society, be fully secured 111 the usual manner, by Firing most of the commissions to mm of territorial or other influence hr the country. The with requirement is that those who mu lead should know exactly how it is to be dose. Look for • moment at the Peninsular War— was the Spanish army any effective aid to the British? Were not the operations of the British mneh more usefully seconded by the guerilla'? Aod what did they know of drill? Yet they did much more good service than their brother volunteers who were massed is the battalions of an army. If the volunteers were called upon to act in this country, they would be best employed in • similar manner. With this view they must master the details of what the French cell "la petite guerre," mean iug outpost duty, skirmishing, escorting, and all the other them=operations of war. These they will find in of Colonel Jebb, wed, if they read French or German, in the incomparable manual of Dicker. Time is no doubt that • few lectures, by some officer ex portended in the epernlions of volunteers, would greatly help them to acquire what they want ; but to make any such instruction compulsory would only deter from per fitisig by it those meet competent to do so. It is quits though to place it within their reach, and leave the rest to their sense of duty, stimulated by the increased confidence which would be reposed in them by their men. A cordial desire to contribute towards the efficiency et the younger officers must account for their being &likened in these few lines by Aug. 19. A COLONEL OF VOLUNTEERS. An order has been issued that the steel vent pieces of the 100-pounder Armstrong gam are to be at ones changed for others made d wrought iron. Several of the steal vent•pieces hays broken lately on the gun being dis charged, and hence the issuing of the present order, which will be first carried out with respect to all guns issued to the fleet. The new depot barrack for recruits of the Royal Marines is now in full operation at Wslmer. A library and school have just been formed. Each married men of the establishment has a plot of laud allotted to him for cultivation. The present number of inmates, chiefly recruits from the three divisions of Chatham, Portsmouth, and Woolwich, is 400, sod, aa a proof of the advantages of removiu; young recruits from the temptations incident to large garrison towns, it is worthy of remark that daring the three months since this depot has been opened in no case Das an inmate been charged before a magistrate. The Rev. Alfred Poole has been licensed by the Bishop of Winchester to the perpetual curacy of Purbrook, in the county of Southampton, and diocese of Winchester, on the nomination of the Rev. E. T. Richards, rector of Furlington. We regret to learn of the death, on the 13th inst., at Lower Walmer, Bent, of Thomas Wiliam Atkinson. Seq., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., for many yams travelling in Central! Asia, and author of " Travels in Siberia and on the Amoor." Madame Tuaaaud's Exhibition w•as hououred on Saturday night last by a visit from the Dowager Queen of Spain, accompanied by the Duke and Duchess of Montpen oder and suite. Letters from Spain say that the heat was increasing errerywhere ; at Madrid it had attained 110 des. (75 Fah =bait) in the shade ! The Journal de Frankfort of the 11th says : " It may be remembened that a Duke of Wurtomberg some time since married at Hamburg a Mdlle. Fressini, a singer a► the Opera in that city. A few days since the Prince de Lowenstein-Werticheitn, following the example, visited Hamburg for the purpose of celebrating his marriage with as actress, a native of that city, Ydlla Amelia Woltrava." • - - COLLISION IN THE CHANNEL—DOVER, MONDAY NOON.—At 8 o'clock this morning the Elizabeth, of North Shield., Master J. Williams, laden with coal from New castle to Enieworth, came into collision with the Ameritna brigantine Amason. In • few minutes the Elizabeth be came a total wreck, and sank in deep water. The captain and crew were picked up by the Amazon, and brought into Dover, where they are now sheltered at the Sailors' Home. The men escaped only with their lives, end were unable to save any of their clothing. The Amason remains in Dory Harbour to repair damages. She had a very narrow escape, as she became entangled in the rigging of the Elizabeth. APOTHECARIES' HALL—The following are the names of gentlemen who passed their examitpition in the science and practice of medicine, and received certificake to practise, on Thursday List :—L. Fisher, Chorlev, Lancashire ; L. B. Brunton, Waterloo.place, Limehouse ; E. B. Gardner. On the Bth inst.—R. S. Adams, Lymington, Hants. The following gentlemen also ou the mine day peened their first examination : B. Eddowes, Swinton-street; W. J. Le Tall, Woodhouse, Sheffield • T. Joyce, Newbury, Berke ; C. D. Shepherd, Fredericketnet, Gray's Inn.road ; J. L. Newton, London Hospital. TH it GOLD DISCOVERIES IN HALIYAL—The recent discovery of rich gold washings as Lanenburg, about6o miles westward of Halifax, is causing great excitement amongst all classes of people throughout the province. At first it was considered that the gold was confined to the shore, but it has been found to extend 2.1 miles back, and in fact is spread all over the province, east to west. At Tangier. where the first discoveries were made, there are et pretest about 1,200 men at work. The gold is in mall quartz veins among slate rock, about 20 feet in depth. Fair returns were made liv the miners, and Dew discoveries are constantly being mac of gold.bearing quartz veins ; but by far the richest diwiegs are the wash ing sands at Lunenburg, which are yielding 100 dollars per day per man. Several mining companies are being formed. and one extensive firm in North America has taken up 70 claims at Lunenburg, and intends working them vigorously. The claims allotted by the government are 30 feet by 30 feet, for which the holder pay, 51. annually. A small vessel will shortly sail for England loaded with the sand to be washed in England. The Halifax Reporter tastes that four men at Luneuburg obtained in one day 1.4 h. of the finest gold. It is confidently expected that Nova Scotia will shortly be one of the finest gold.produciag countries in the world. _ _ --- Sou= Kw:rum:Tow Mum:au—During the week ending 17th August, 1861, the visitors have been as follows: On Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday, free days, 4.784 ; en Monday and Tuesday, free evenings. 3.045. On the three students' days (admission to the public 6d.), 1.043 ; one students' evening, Wednesday, 147 ; total, 9,019. From the opening of the museum. 2 , ,60 6. CIIIISTAL rALACX. OHH SHILLING DAT.•••• MONDAY. AVOCHT 19.—Arhaissions on payment, 4,834; datte, by lemon tickets, 363 ; total, occt to ab o4 tiii fee wii He gle, DM CM WV Of wei - "Tea ear hem Al Z mim um tam au