The Express. — London, England, 1861-08-05 00:00:00

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TIE MrllllDi s EACCIIV9 AND ARIADNIL—MY LORD AND 11Y LADY. Mr. and Mu C. Itathersa-011 AGE TO. 11011111 M. Mr. W. Fans AM MI.. M. Lutirer.—Aad TURN. LAO THE TADLICI. Mr. trisrptra.—Comustrorri _lllllfCrack_ Tins IPSnoinui. A rout:nut) RTOILT.—THE COLMAN snoTIIMN. Messrs Vedder, A. Harris. and tholes ' • Yin Ni Murray awl rS. W 00.... —And Ilk !MST MOUT. Mr. A. Harris and 1:".. Mari.t Harris. 111111VCSIA. TMIS ETMIrtNe. TIIE I.IW 11.1MAND.—RInqint by Mem MlNlthran.lt. Oflllolld. and Sydoey.—Pae 4e Guirl.nde_ ccieste strphao— HOWIE TIO Ist IsOLD.—And ANK LE JACK. Mr. Crauf.r4 Ned Ilra ►Vernott.—Oemoseace at WC-pad I. ZION KAid A LOSICW 11111061. Two Dr-11,,ri;TIL IL Ist..7:7lllleirass, IL lea soLuor —lloruios, IL am— after" IL LONDON, MONDAY, AUOVNT 5. TO ODE READERS. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. A !site edition of the E.epress is published every eveuisg during the racing season, containing the results of the day's races. FROM the text of the Commercial Treaty be tween Franco and Turkey, made known through the columns of the Monikur, and which in its essential provisions is identical with the new treaty between England and Turkey, it appears that the Porte has consented to abolish its system of duties on exports, but nut immediately. On the let of October, 1861, all goods will be charged 8 per cent. on e‘purtation, and this rate will be dimi nished by one per cent. each year for seven years, leaving merely a duty of 1 per cent to cover the expenses of administration. Import duties ma fixed at S per cent ad ralor,m, and transit duties will be but 2 per cent. It cannot be said that the Turkish Government, in abolishing its tax on exports, makes any conces sion or favour to other European countries. The change was demanded by Turkish interests, se riously affected by the decline, and almost suspension of trade. Thu derangement of the monetary- system throughout the em pire may be the chief cause of this, but the Iligh rate of the export duty greatly augmented it. The Turks can only purchase the necessary supply of cotton clothing from England by selling to the English merchant their corn and raw produce. An export duty of 12 per cent. was calculated at certain times and prices of the market to suspend this sale altogether. We find by the late returns that it is not only the Ameri can market that has been closed to us. During the first five months of the present year our ex port of cotton goods to Turkey has been but one half of that of 1859, and one-third of that of 1860. We have found other and various articles which the Turks are glad to have. They take copper from us, and even East India rice, which is strange enough for a grain-producing country. By the treaty of 1838 the 12 per cent. export duty was conceded to the Porte, on the ground that it would enable the Turks to open roads, facilitate communications, and remove their many obstacles in the way of internal trade, which are almost as formidable in Turkey as in China. We fear that the Turks have but a small amount of progress to show daring the time that has elapsed. And it is the opinion of competent judges that the Turks themselves are not to be looked to for the completion of these or of any improvements. " The indispensable condition of the free de " velopment of the resources of the country with " a view to exportation," says Mr. Losilwesrn in his Report, " is the improvement of communica " Um: by railways, roads, and internal navigation. " Now if those objects can be achieved by native " skill, enterprise, and capital, foreign romps " nice meat have the direction of all such under " takings, and, above all, the control and " management of the funds connected with them." This node, however, of regenerating Turkey by means of foreign capital and foreign companies has received a notable check from the circumstance of the task not having been left to purely commercial Itterests. Frame has undertaken to open the Isthmus of Sue; and it has established a line of steamers to run up the Danube and the Keay; so as to compete with the Austrian company. Russia tried something similar with steamers on the Black Sea, which failed, as every enterprise must fail which seeks to attain political ends under commercial pretences. The result is that the Turkish Government must necessarily look with suspicion rather than favour upon these specious attempts to open her territory and vim muniostions by means of foreign wealth, enginetrs, and workmen. France by the present treaty not only stipu lates that the transmission of ita goods through the interior of Turkey dull be subject to no obstruction or tax, but that the commodities which it sends to, or gets from, the Danubian Principalities and Berrie, shall be likewise exempt from any duty, save what they pay in those provinces. No duties are to be charged upon French merchan dise passing the Dardanelles, the Bosphorus, or the Salina. The Porte, no doubt, retains the right of search, to prevent the introduction into those parts of its dominions of what it may consider contraband of war. Wit the Clauses 6 and 7 of the Treaty will be considered a de jure recognition of certain very important and independent rights hitherto enjoyed de facto by these outlying provinces. England, when it con cluded its filet commercial treaty with Turkey, took a diirerent view. It can now take no other than that which the Porte has conceded in its Treaty with France. A. it. customs form but from one-fifth to one-sixth of the revenues of the Ottoman Empire, the abolition of the export duty, gradual as it is arranged to be, will amount to no considerable financial change. Indeed, the lowering and fixing of the import tariff will probably give au increase to the receipts fully equal to the lees by the export duty. And there will then, perhaps, be no necessity for what was feared, the expansion of the present 'tobacco end salt tax into a regular and onerous system of excise. Where the government would most feel • the effect of the alteration met be in the port of Constantinople, where tb6 proceeds of the cadet= are always so handy and desirable a resource. Any diminution there would, however, be fully made up, if the government could exercise the power of levying an indiscriminate tax on all houses and shops, whether of Turks or foreigners. But the Per, trader or shopkeeper pleads ex emption on the score of his nationality, and in vokes the Capitulation with the Crown that he belongs to: We have looked in vain through the Treaty with France to find a word on this subject, one of the most important and intricate of those which have to be solved. The taxing power is so mingled up with the juridical, that it may be difficult to grant the one without endangering the other; and both are included in the great ques tion of the Capitulation. On these there exists much difference of opi nion. The same dispute exists at Calcutta u at Constantinople. Can you assimilate in jurisdic tion and in all else, native and European races ? We much fear that the question must be answered in the negative in both places ; but this need not prevent the doing away with the unnecessary im munities which the capitulations confer often upon the most worthless foreigner in Turkey. As to taxation in the capital, however the English might reasonably protest, the French, who compel every subject of the Porte that trades in France to pay their Patent tax, could not object to reciprocity. DVRTNII the last two or three weeks the general tendency of the foreign exchanges has been such as to admit of the accumulation of some amount of bullion in the Bank of England. It is true that the addition is not very large, being limited to 618,565/. in a fortnight. Neither is the total held by the Bank-12,196,7081.--sufficiently im portant to encourage sanguine views respecting the future course of the money market. Never theless, the tendency is still favourable. The ex changes with the Continent exhibit no signs of deflection, notwithstanding the removal of the forcing power implied in a 6 per cent. rate of discount, to which many persons were disposed partly to attribute their late firmness. The ex changes with India are more favourable for us' than for a long time past. The consequence is that the Calcutta and China packet, which left on the 4th inst., took only 94,4881. in specie, and that, instead of drawing heavy amounts of silver from the Continent, we are now despatching thither what has been received from the Vest Indies. Finally, the American exchange has just experienced a further recovery, l causing the shipments of specie by last Saturday's packet to reach only 38,0001. It will not be questioned for a moment that, just as the current of bullion rules the money market, so the ex changes rule the current of bullion. The ex changes, in their turn, are the exponent of the balance of trade, and we think we may do a ser ske if we call the attention of our reader' to-day to some of the most recent trade statistics, which go to show why the foreign exchanges generally'are better. We have had to pay gold to the foreigner because we have been importing enormously, but there has latterly been a certain check to the imports ; and, as soon as this is established, we are no longer required to pay gold so largely. It is a common remark—" The balance of trade is " still against us. The Board of Trade " returns show this. How, then, can we have " any important accumulation of bullion, or any " real relief to the money market I" There is much cogency in these objections, and the readers of the Ecpream will not say that we have failed to place persistently before them the cautions suggested by all the commercial statistics for many months past. But, although the pres sure upon us, lately so severe, is not yet entire'y at an end, it is important that we should not overlook the indications which have newly arisen that the wont is over. Cotton and corn are the two great articles by which trade and the exchanges are principally in fluenced. Representing an aggregate import value of some sixty millions sterling a year, it may be said that upon the movements in cotton and corn chiefly depends the question of a low value of money or a high one. First in order, we will take cotton. Notwithstanding the troubles in America —or, more correctly, in ooruiequenoe of those troubles, inasmuch as they have caused the supply to be hurried forward to Europe faster than usual— the aggregate imports of cotton this year have been much above the average, and even above those of 1800, the year of the greatest crop. For the five months of the last three years tho figures are as follows : IN roan Or COITON. Five mouths of law £12,044,233 1860 18,761,889 1861 18,9001,911 The money market has been distressed through our being obliged to pay so much for cotton at the very time when we had to pay far more heavily than usual for corn. Yet we had no choice, for the Americana, with dissension in view, hastened to turn their produce into cash, and made it worth our while to accommodate them by taking it. But the imports of American cotton are now rapidly falling off. For the month of June the quantity imported frogs America was as under : June, IQI „ MO , HQ «. 927,813 Thu ;bows that in June, the latest month referred to in the Board of Trade tables, we had only about half u much American cotton to pay for u in June, 1860. The cotton imported from all quarters WY : Jean, 1859 „ 1,60.5,306 mtg. „ 1110 2,102,048 „ „ 1821 Here, again, the decrease holds good, the falling off in the month's imports from America being scarcely compensated in any degree by an increase in the imports from other quarters. It will be gathered from these particulars that we have got through what we may call the cotton pressure upon the money market. During the rest of the year we shall probably pay much less than usual on this account. Our next trouble will per haps consist in the want of the article, not in hav ing a larger quantity poured in upon us than can conveniently be paid for within a given time. The effect of the decreaae in the cotton trade is imme diately seen in a rise in the American exchange, and in a subsidence of that drain of gold to Ame rica which for the last eight months has been the most powerful cause of disturbance to our finances. As regards corn, also, there is evidence that the drain is beginning to relax. As shown in former articles under this head, we have latterly paid enormous sums for food. For the first five 'nonth' of the last three years the imports of flour and of the various kinds of grain are stated as follows in the official tables published at the beginning of last week : . - Juno, 1R 59 „ IAGO 375,586 „ 1861 .... i 6,567.499 Y i. I. TRIV EXPRESS, MONDAt AUGUST 141. foreign produce in such vast quantities, the morwy market win necessarily dear and tight. The first signs of slackening were in M►y, the last of the fire months referred to, when the ar rivals of grain and flour were thus stated : May, 1850 02383,454 „ 1860 „ 1861 The total in May was still exceedingly heavy, but the excess, as compared with the ordinary course of the grain trade in that month, is shown to have been relatively far less than in the five months already referred to. It becomes additionally inte resting, therefore, to glance at the extent of the supplies in June, the latest month reported upon. Here, the official tables give only the quantities, and not the value. The imports of wheat were : June, 1889 1 1880 1861 Those of barley, oats, beans, peas, and Indian corn, were, in the aggregate : .111110, 1859 1860 „ 1861 And the month's imparts of flour were : It is important to recollect that the ordinary imports of grain and flour do not distress the money market. They constitute a charge which we are quite used to. It is only when we have to pay suddenly much more than usual that the strain is felt. Now, the figures above cited show that, whilst the imports of breadstuffs for the first five months of the present year were upwards of nine millions sterling more than in the five months of last year, and also about nine millions more than in the five months of 1859, the imports in the month of June exhibited a comparatively small excess over than) in the same month of the two previous years. Here is at once evidence of some subsi dence of the exceptional pressure lately put upon us from this source. This is a natural result of the present reduced range of prices in the corn market, as compared with those current at this date last year. AMERICA 7 ' THE BATTLE AT BULL'S RUN AND ITO 10131111113. r The schooner S. J. Waring, which was lately captured by the privateer Jeff Davis, has arrived in New York. A prize crew of five men were put on board at the time of the capture, and the schooner was steered towards Charles ton, the steward, William Tillman, a negro, two of thu seamen, and a passenger, being left on the vesseL When within fifty miles of Charleston the steward, finding the prize captain and his first mate asleep, the second mate at the wheel, and the seamen entirely unsuspicious of danger, killed three of them with an axe, and, taking command of the schooner, brought her safely to Now York. But, strange as it may appear, the negro was sent to the House of Detention as a wit ness. A correspondent of the New York Herald, at Grand Cayco, Turk's Island, writes, on the Bth ult. : An Bngliah frigate and gunboat have been cruising off and on among these islands for the lest five days. They notice no flags but the British, which they speak, and will accompany them so long as a foreign ileg is in sight. Another privateer had been seen lately off the coast of Cuba. A New Orleans vessel was being fitted out as a privateer in the port of Minatitlan, Mexico. NEW YORK, JULY 23. - . The New Turk Times, of the 22nd ult., gives the following account of the commencement of the battle at Bull's Run : In accordance with preparations made on the night of the 20th, bred upon the knowledge gained by numerous recon noissances of the enemy's position after the battle of Bull's Run, the national army was put in motion before daylight on the morning of the 21st, and advanced in three co lumns, the main body passing Centreville, in the direction of Perrysville, by which movement the position of the rebels was outflanked. The head of the centre column was preceded by a 30-pounder rifled cannon, to clear the way of any masked batteries which the enemy might open, and at 6 o'clock the first shot was fired from it, which, however, was not replied to. Colonel Richardson commanded the column which took the road to Bull's Run, where the tight of Thursday took place ; General Tyler commanded the centre column, which took the Warrenton mad; and Colonel Hunter commanded the flank movement, by which the main attack was made, the two other move ments being intended as feints. Our artillery made various attempts to draw the fire of the enemy, but they kept silent until nearly 9 o'clock, when rapid shots were o:changed between the skirmishers. Soon afterwards heavy clouds of dust were seen in the rear of the rebel position indicating large reinforcements from Mansanis, for which they had probably been waiting before replying to the fire of our artillery. At half pest 11 the head of Hunter's column was dis covered acmes the Run, advancing upon the rebel flank, and the engagement then soon became very active. A constant roll of musketry marked his ad vance, while the artillery of the centre column played ia oeesently upon the enemy, forcing them to f►ll back. They made three attempts to charge with the bayonet upon our troops, but were each time repulsed with great loss. Their cavalry alao made an attempt upon our flank, but that met with no better success. Our latest advice. direct from the battle•ffeld report the fight still in progress. The losses in killed and wounded on our side are very heavy. The eorrespoudence of the Philadelphia Press thus dtmeribes the flight of the Federal army from Bull'e Run: The panic became general, the scene was indescribable. The Leavy teams, over HO in number, rushed madly on over fields and fences, the carriages of citizens joined in the rush, the soldiers filled up the throng, and the stampede 'nut com plete. It was not ordered, but a break was effected in the ranks, and away they went. The road was filled with ac coutrements, blankets, muskets, provisions, Ac., thrown from the soldiers, carriages, and heavy government teams. Waggons broke down and were left, hones without rulers were galloping over everything. Others with traces flying in the air were meshing madly on. The roads were filled with dust. Soldiers would give out and lie down by the wayside, and there was no one to comfort them. Some of the most resolute gathered up trophies of the day, but the opportunities to do so were few, and the danger was that of being run over by the teams rushing on behind. On they rushed to Fairfax, and there the panic was extended to those on duty and asleep. Ail were aroused, and joined in the general stampede, and on they came to the city, where these adventures as they are told beggar description. All this is to be attributed to bad management, not to a fault on the part of the men, who fought bravely. The New York Tribune says :—" General Lyon had telegraphed to Washington., asking for rein forcements on account of the arrival of a large number of rebels in Missouri." The Federal War Department has forbidden the enlistment of men unacquainted with the English language. At Baltimore, when the news of the defeat of the Federal troops was received, the inhabitants withse cession proclivities were extravagant in their demon strations of joy. A large force of police and military were employed, and prevented any violence against the 10% ern of the Union. Several persons were arrested, charged with acts inciting to riot. The following are extracts respecting the battle at Bull's Run, on the 21st : WARRINGTON. JULY 20.—General M'Dowell had been actively engaged in making a reconnoissance all day. The scouts sent out from the left wing reported, about noon, that they heard the locomotives and movements of trains of can all the morning and fermium in the direction of Maims nut Junction. This information led to the belief that either ' reinforcements had come up from Richmond, or else General Johnston's forces had arrived from Winchester and Stns. burg ; and the latter seemed to General hi'llowell most pro. bible; while General Scott dime not entertain the belief that General Jobtaton has yet left the vicinity of Win chester. Since the engagement, on Thursday afternoon, the union troops have been exceedingly busy erecting batteries and mounting lung-range 32-pound gum. A flag of truce, which was sent by General M'Dowell to the enemy's liues, in order to recover our dead and wounded, was refused ant mission by them, for the reason, possibly, that they wished to conceal the position of their batteries. WAtIitINGTOS, JULY 21.—The Herald's Veda cor respondent furnishes the following despatch from the seat of war of the early proceedings of the grand argil to-day : On the hillside overlooking Bull's Run, Sunday, July 21, 10 a.m.—Lt was broad daylight when the division, of Cola. Hunter and lieintzelmsn were fairly en route for their res pective positions. The movements of these columns were watched anxiously from a high hill south of Centreville. The men moved forward briskly, singing patriotic songs, and with such spirit an would lead an uninitiated looker on to suppose they were going to a feast instead of to a desperate fight. Their long lance of glittering bayonets reflected the sun's rays from the two roads they were following, and there were anxious listeners as they passed out of sight iu the woods that skirted the banks of Bull's Run. General M'Duwsll accompanied Colonel Hunter's column. At a quarter past six o'clock four guns were heard in the direction taken by the head of General Taylor's column, but whether fired by his battens, or those of the rebels is not yet ascertained. The columns praised on, regiment after regiment, attended only by ammunition and hospital waggons and ambulances. The time wore wearily away, and your correspondent .on. Candid to turn his attention to the left wing, which was facing the batteries at Bull's Run, attacked ou Thuralay. About 7 o'clock Urge bodies of rebel infantry were seen Sing into the thick wood surrounding these batteries, as if to turn the left Bank of Colonel Miles' division. Lieutenant Edwards opened upon them from an adjoining eminence with shell and shrapnel from two 20• pounder rifled cannon. After a few rounds the evidence of the prisience of the enemy ceued, and firing was suspended. Soon after wards your correspondent and another proceeded some rods beyond the outpost picket accompanying Colonel Itichardsou, and discovered large bodies of infantry in the wood, within musket range. Two pieces of Major Hunt'. battery of light artillery had been placed in position, and opened are with shell and shot, which drove them heck from the point where they were so saucily showing themselves. WASHINCTOX, JeLY 21.—A most severe Little was fought to-day at Bull's Run Bridge. The conflict was dca• pent!, lasting over eleven hours. The programme, as stated in the first despatch from Fairfax Court-house, wee carried out until the troops met with a succession of masked batteries, which were attacked with vigour and success, after a severe lose of life. Our troops advanced as follows; —Colonel Richardson, who distinguished himself in the previous engagement, proceeded on the left, with four regi. ments of the 4th Brigade, to hold the battery on the hill on the Warrenton-road, in the vicinity of the place where the last battle was fought. The flank movements were des. Bribed in the first despatch. Scheock's and Sherman's brigades, of General Tyler's division, advanced by the Warrenton-road, while Colonels Heintralman's and Hun. tees division took the fork of the Warrenton-road to move between Bull's Run and Manassas Junction. Colouet Keye's brigade remained at Centreville. Information was received by General Tyler's command of the existence of the enemy's battery commanding the road. Our troops were then formed in battle array. The 2nd New York and Ist Ohio on the left, and the 2nd Ohio and 2nd Wig. cocain, and the 79th, 13th, and 69th Regiments of New York on the right. The first range gun was fired by Sher. mans battery, at 10 minutes to 7 o'clock. The rebels did not return his shot until an hour and a half afterwards- When Colonel Hunter's division came up ►nother battle became general. Colonel Hunter's movement to gain the meet the enemy was almost a success. The enemy's position was opened on by several of Carlisle's howitzers, followed by slight skirmishing. The rebels rapidly received reinforce ments from Manassas Junction after the attack was opened. The battle consisted of a succession of firm from masked batteries, which opened in every direction (when one was silenced its place was supplied by two), and in the daring charges of our infantry in unmasking them. The 2nd Ohio and 2nd New York Militia were marched by Rant through the woods by a new made road within about a mile of the main road, when they came on a battery d eight guns, with four regiments flanked in the rear. Our men were immediately ordered to lie down on either side of the road, in order to allow two pieces of artillery to pass through and attack the work, when this battery opened upon us, and killed in the third round Lieutenant Dempsey, of Company G, New York Second, and William Maxwell, a drummer, and seriously wounding several others. Our troops were kept from fifteen to twenty minutes under a galling fire, they not being able to exchange shots with the enemy, although within a stone throw of theirbetterice. They succeeded in retiring in regular order, and with their battery. The most gallant charge of the day was made by the Sixty. ninth, Seventy-first, and Thirteenth, who rushed upon one of the batteries, firing as they proceeded with perfect eclat, and attacking it with the bayonet's point. The yells of triumph seemed to carry all before it They found that the rebels had abandoned the battery and only taken one gun, but this success was acquired only after a severe loss of life, in which the 69th most severely suffered, and it was reported that Lieutenant-Colonel Norma was amongst the first killed. The Zouaves also distinguished themselves by their spirited assaults on the batteries at the point of the bayonet, but it is feared that their loss is immense. A Missiihippi soldier was taken prisoner by Hasbrouck, of the Wisconsin 2nd Regiment He turned out to be Brigade-Quarter. master Pryor, cousin to linger A. Pryor. He was captured with his horse as he by accident rode into our lines. He die. covered himself by remarking to Hasbrouck, 'We are get. Ling badly cat to pieces." What regiment du you belong tor asked Hasbrouck. " The Nineteenth liissisaippi," was the answer. "Then you 'are my prisoner," said &abreack. From the statement of this prisoner it appears that our artillery has created great havoc among the rebels, of whom there are from thirty thousand to forty thousand in the field under command of General Beauregard, while they have a reserve of seventy. five thousand at the junction. He describes an officer mod prominent in the fight., distinguished from the rest by his white horse, as Jeff. Davis. He confirms the previous re• ports of a regiment of negro troops in the rebel forces, bat says it is difficult to get them in proper discipline battle array. The position of the enemy extended in three lines in the form of ► triangle, the apix fronting the centre of our column. The area seems to have been filled wit► masked batteries. At seven o'clock this evening gum were still heard tiring at short intervals. WASHINGTON, JULY, 22.—Our troops, after taking, three batteries and gaining a great victory at Bull's Run. were eventually repulsed, and commenced a retreat on Washington. After the latest information was received from Centreville, at half-past 7 o'clock last night, a series of unfortunate events took place which have pieced disastrous to our army. Many confused accounts are pre. valent, but texts enough are known to warrant the state. ment that we suffered severely on account of a most unfortunate occurrence, which has cast a gloom over the retreating army and excited the deepest melancholy through out Washington. The carnage is very heavy on both snag. Our union forces were advancing upon the enemy and taking his masked batteries gradually but surely, by driving the rebels towards Nemeses Junction, when they seem to have been reinforced by twenty thousand men un der General Johnston, who, it is understood, then took command, and immediately commenced driving us back. We were retreating in good order, the rear well covered with a solid column, when a panic smoug our troops soddenly occurred, and a regular stampede took place. Before that all our military operations went swimmingly on, and Alexander was about erecting a pontoon across Bull's Rim. The enemy were seemingly in retreat, and thee batteries, one after another, being unmasked, when a considerable consternation broke out among our teamsters, who had incautiously advanced immediately after the body of the army, and lined the Warrenton-raid. Their consternation was shared in by numerous civilians Who were on the ground, and for a time it seemed as if our whole force was falling back. Ahoy luggage waggons were emptied, and their horses galloped across the open fields, all the fences of which were turn down to allow them a more rapid retreat. A perfect panic prevailed moue the waggoners, which was communiceted to the vicinity of Centreville, and every available conveyance was seized upon by agitated citizens who had come out to see the battle. Wounded sol diers cried on the roadside fur assistance, but the alarm was so great that numbers were passed by unheeded. Several similar alarm. ,occurred en previous occasions, when • change in the rebel batteries rendered necesairy the retire ment of our artillery, and it is moat probable that the alarm was owing to the Name fact. The reserve force at Centre• vale was immediately brought up, Col. Einstein's Tweuty seventh Pennsylvania animist, with two guns, marching drat. Then the Garibaldi °wird sod Colonel Meeker's First Ride Regiment, with its ride batteries, followed at several miles distance by the De Kalb Regiment. When our courier left, at half•pnst 4 o'clock, it was in the midst of this excitement. Two new masked batterie4 Lad bees opened by the rebels on the left dank, and that portion of the division bail its line broken, and demanded imme• diate reinforcement. The right 'hulk was in good enter. The battery erected on the hillside, immediately opposite the main battery of the enemy, was doing good executions and additional gone were being mounted. On the arrival of the courier at Fairfax Court-house he was overtakes by a government messenger, who reported that our army was in full retreat towards Centreville. Ile was followed by lose agitated parties, who stated that the report of the retreat was owing to the fact that the alarm among the teamsters bad communituted itself to the volunteers, and in some instances to the regulars ; that the lines were broken, and that a retirement of our forces a.•.ras Bull's Run was rendered neosesary. Colonel Hunter passed st the same time in a vehicle, wounded. It was known to our troops at the time of the battle yesterday that (lepers/ Johnston had formed a connexion with General Beauregard on the night of the first action at Ruing Ruu. Our men could distinctly hear the tars coming into Idainuisas Jamaica, and the cheers with which the rebels bailed their newly arriving comrades. The enemy before now might perhaps have more to least of if they had followed up their advantage last night. Errol the statements of Quartermaster Pryor, a rebel primmer, it appears that our artillery created groat havoc among the rebels, of whom there were from 30,000 to 40,000, including a large number of cavalry, in the field under the euinmod of Beeuregard, while they had a reserve of 75,000 at the junction. Owing to reinforcements from Richmond, Stmt• burg, and other point', the enemy's effective force was over 90,000 men. Griffin's West Point battery was taken by the enemy, awl the eight siege 32-pounder ride cannon, 11.0 latter being too cumbrous to remove. They were tae miles the other aide of Centreville. The Rhode Maud lot tery was taken by the rebels at the Midge across Dell's Run, where their retreat was cut off. Their horses were sal killed. Captain Ayree battery was also reported as lost. The 69th and other regiments frightfully suffered in killed and wounded. The number cannot now be known. It W reported that the Black lions Cavalry made au attack on the rear of the retreating army, when the latter tumed and fired, killing all but six of the amsallieg party. It was the remnant of the Zouavea who wore attacked by the Mark Horse Cavalry, and repulsed them, leaving but sit to return. The 71st New York Regiment Let stoat LATEST INTELLIGENCE. Ousurn's FRANCE. PASLS, AUGURT 4. The Monsieur of to-day publishes a circular ad dressed by M. Rouland, Minister for Public Worship, to the bishops of France, relating to the celebration of the Emperor's fête. M. Itoulanu reminds the bishops that his Majesty firmly main tains the glorious tradition ofFrance, which opened a gospel civilisation at the extremity of the East, and efficaciously protects the Christians in Syria. The Pope, he says, in a solemn act, thanks our army for the support and the security which it gives him. "Undoubtedly there still remain grave difficul ties to overcome, but their solution must be the work of a patient, loyal, and circumspect policy. This solution belongs principally to Providence." The circular concludes thus :—" Let us loudly pray that the Divine aid may be continued to their Majesties to assist them in their constant thoughts for the peace of nations and the hap piness and dignity of Frauce." ITALY. TURIN, Aram 4. The Turin Grzette of to-day assorts that Father Giacomo, Count Cavour'e confessor, will shortly return to Turin. NAPLES, Auctrer 2. Another demonstration against the deputies and senators of the Right was made here yesterday by the people. Gervasi (1) has been arrested. Brigandage is abating. The students have warned the directors of several reactionary journals that they will no longer tolerate their anti-national propaganda. AUSTRIA. AGRAII. Amon 4. The Croatian and Bclavonian Diet has resolved by a formal vote not to send any representatives to the Council of the Empire. PRAGUE, Avoca 3. No serious disturbance occurred here yesterday. The mob wily smashed a few windows of the houses in the immediate neighbourhood of the Jews' Market. At 10 p.m. the streets were wholly deserted. HUNGARY. VIENNA, Atom & The Hungarian financial authorituos have been requested by the Imperial Minister of Finance not to allow themselves to be misled by any news pre tending that the collection of the taxes had been suspended, but to act in conformity with prevent instructions, and to direct the subordinates accordingly. MONTENEGRO. PAM. Auoterr 4. The evening papers state that in consequence of the rupture of negotiations between Omar Pasha and the Prince of Moutenet3o, the former has re ceived orders from his government to reassume the offelsive against the insurgents. It is said that operations will be pushed as far as Cettigne. POLAND. THORN, Aucuer 4. It is assorted that General Lambert's appoint ment as Governor of the Kingdom of Poland has arrived at Warsaw, and that M. Wielopolaki has in consequence determined to resign. It is reported that the peasants in the environs of Mlawa, to avenge a pretended violation of the church, have entered that town armed with scythes and axes, and have driven away the garrison. SPAIN AND THE HAYTIAN GO' MADRID, Aucuwr 4. According to news received here the commander of the Spanish squadron before Port-an-Prince granted the Haytian Government a delay of forty eight hours in order to obtain compliance with his demand for a salute and a pecuniary indemnity. Both were granted. AMERICAN MAILS. LIVERPOOL, Armour 3. The Royal Mail steamship Persia, which soiled at about 4 p.m. to-day for Now York, took 38,0001. in specie on freight. QUERNSTOWN, SUNDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Persia arrived o ff the harbour at G p.m., embarked mails, passengers, and latest telegrams, and proceeded at 6.50 p.m. for New York, all well. The weather is very thick. Hie Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French lee bees graciously pleased to present to Mr. Thomas Gal li*, of Pall•medl, a valuable scarf-pia, consisting of a large rmn e od emerald, in the centre of which is s e t a r i c hly cu t —as a testimonial of his Majesty's approval of Mr. Gallick's invention of the patent eclipse spur-boa, which raises the spur to the top d the keel. THE INEHMI7II or DAILHIN,-.11 French company, in Aptil last, commenced a journey at exploration across the Isthmus of Darien, in order to ascertain the possibility of cutting a canal between the two oceans on that particular point. After having sae es far air the river Chuquioaca, sod ascended the &base to a distance of nineteen miles and the Lava for mne, the members of the expedition could go so further, owing to the dif fi culties caused by heavy rains. In the course of their survey they fogad no elevation higher than 50 metres above the level of tie sea, neither did they encounter any hostility from the Indians. The gentlemen composing the expedition, who are beetled by M. Buuardiol as chief engiams, lately arrived at New York, and are about to return to France. Their intention, however, is to return to the Isthmus in December next, and to attempt asotherespedition in the dry season of 1862. DISASTROUS RETREAT OF THE FEDERAL ARMY. PREPARATIONS AT WASHINGTON. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Canada, Captain Moodie, which left Boston on the 24th, and Halifax on the 20th, arrived in the Mersey at 6 o'clock this evening. The Kett , York Herald of the 23rd ultimo gives the following summary of the great battle at Bull's Run, Virginia, on the 21st ultimo : The success of the union army at Bull's Run on Sunday, which resulted in the capture of all the enemy's batteries, was subsequently converted into a repulse on the after noon of the same day, owing to an almost unaccountable panic among the troops, which appears to have originated with the teamster, and civilians who were spectators of the action. The union army, after fighting gallantly and with surprising endurance for over eleven hours, under • scorching sun, and having accomplished the capture of the rebel batteries, were suddenly attacked by the fresh troops of General Johnston, 20,000 strong, who had just effected a junction with General Beauregard. Unfortunately at this time a panic occurred amongst the teamsters, who drove their horses beck upon the lines. The panic was immediately communicated to the volunteer troops, and • disorderly retreat commenced. An effort to rally them at, Centreville and at Fairfax Court-house proved unavailing, and they finally retired upon their original quarters on the Potomac. The force of the enemy is reported to have been immensely superior, amounting to about 90,000 men, while the union army in action did not number more than 2:2,000. The loss of life on both sides is represented to have been frightful, the number being placed at between four and five thousand on the side of the union army. But intelligence from the war department received last night states that this report is greatly exaggerated, and that the troops that reached there have returned in much better condition than could have been expected under the circumstances, considering the overwhelming force opposed to them. In the retreat some of the union batteries were compelled to be deserted, including eight siege guns (rifled cannon), which were found impossible to remove, and they therefore fell into the bands of the rebels, but the greatest part of Sherman's battery came safely into camp. The war department is making vigorous exertions to conoentrate an immense force at Washington. Several regiments have already arrived there. The government entertains no fear for the safety of the capital. The attack on Bull's Run is said to have been pre mature, and contrary to the programme laid down by General Scott. It was not intended any engagement should take place until General Patterson had come up with his forces, but it was no doubt supposed by General 31`DowsU that Patterson would make his junction at the time ex pected, and be having failed to do so, the plans of General Scott and General M'Dowell were thus frustrated ; and the column of General M'Dowell, being unsupported by a body of men which be had • right to expect would have been pre sent to sustain it, was outnumbered by an overwhelming force. General McClellan, whose able management of the cam paign in Western Virgioia is worthy of all praise, ha, been called to Washington to take command of the army of the Potomac. His presence there will no doubt inspire confidence in the men. General M`Dowell will probably resume his former position as general of brigade. Brigs• diet-General Roseneranz, who so gallantly won the battle of Rich Mountain, is to snowed General McClellan in coin. mind on the Upper Potomac. A Washington telegram of the 23rd, in the Boston journals, gives the following later particu lars of the state of affairs : Our losses have been greatly exaggerated. It is now well ascertained that the killed fell short of 1,000, The rebels did not follow our retreating forces after pasting Bull's Ran. Colonel Einstein, of the Pennsylvania 9Gth, returned to the battle field about 11 o'clock on Sunday night, and brought off six pieces of artillery, which he de livered to the commanding officer on the Potomac. He reports the field clear, and not an enemy la sight. The state of &Rare at Alexandria does not seem to indicate that we hold a position more ad vanced than before the march began. No person is allowed to pass beyond the lines, which seem to be four or live miles. The utmost excitement continues in Alex andria, and the citizens seem to anticipate an advance of the rebels within forty-eight bows. It is known, however, that Manassas Railway is unobstructed as far aa Springfield, and the London Road, as faro Camp Union, is also unob structed. No official returns of the dead and wounded have yet been made out. It nay safely be stated that no federal troops in a body are either at or south of Fairfax Wirt-house. General Illrowell is at Arlington. Some batteries and single pieces of artillery, supposed to have been lost, are being brought in in safety. Among the pieces thus far received are the 32-pounder rigid guns. The troops are fast becoming reorganised. The Presi dent and the Socretaryaf•War are vigorously orgaideing a powerful army. Within the last twenty-fury boom over 110,000 fresh men, with • number of batteries of artillery, have been accepted. A number of regiments have arrived, and every day will bring immense reinforcements to the national capital. The response from every quarter has been most gratifying and truly patriotic. In the United States Senate, on the 22nd, a bill was passed to provide for iron-clad ships and float ing batteries. In connexion with this subject, the Senate passed the joint resolution, providing for an examination in regard to Mr. Stevens's Hoboken floating battery. The bill to Mayas, the navy medical corps was also passed. An interesting dis cussion then took place on the bill authorising the confiscation of the property of rebels. On the taking up of this bill an amendment was offered by Mr. Trumbull to include slaves in the cate gory of confiscated property, which gave rise to a spirited debate. The amendment was agreed to by thirty-two yeas to six nays, and the bill was passed. A resolution was then referred to the military committee, to the effect that it is the policy of the government to organise a regular army of 150,000 men. The consideration of the joint resolution approving of the acts of President Lincoln was postponed till the next day. The Senate refused to concur in the house amendments to the bill to increase the military establishments. A message was received from the President, when an executive session was held. On the 23rd a bill, appropriating 2,000,000 dole. to supply the loyal citizens in the rebel states with arum, was passed ; also the bill remitting the duties on imported arms. In the House of Representatives, on the 22nd, Mr. Crittenden, of Kentucky, offered his resolution'', to the effect that the present war has been forced ou the country by the southern dieunionists, but that, nevertheless, the only object of the govern ment prosecuting it is to maintain its integrity and the unity of our entire country, and that when these objects shall have been accomplished the war shall terminate. These resolutions wore adopted unanimously. A vote of thanks was pained to the brave Massachusetts Bth regiment, of the 19th of April fame ; also to the gallant Pennsylvanians who passed through Baltimore on the 18th of April, on their way to the defence of the national capital. A resolution in reference to the disasters to the national forces at Bull's Run, declaring undi minished confidence in ultimate success, was intro duced and appropriately referred. Following this, a resolution was passed to the effect that the pre servation of the glorious Union is a sacred trust, and that no diameters, however apparently overwhelming, must deter the nation or its representatives from the performance of this high duty. A bill was passed for reimbursing the governors of states for expenses incurred in fitting out regiments for the support of the national government in this emergency. masesor GUM AND PWOL Five meihs" — :iiira — -- „ ISO „ . The increase this year, as compeeed with bet, is no less than 9,579,376 X, and this in a period of ou:y five menthe. As long as we went on taking I I