The Express. — London, England, 1861-03-22 00:00:00

QICCOND-HAND PIANOFORTES. A 3 eltAlll3t, PULE. err Cr biro a km arartabont et sposed-lend Plasolortar by tir wet siterned rakers at greatly misted prlces.—rtl. Ilawas4lmill Abp eniregO• ro coazierowDENTS. Librartlaimasta t2trodad for "Timm !gives' L, ,ion rw. most be at law sec% 11. Daorortertrryt, by Two a•A da Os day ad pebllaablaa. yAlILUBlif t tars mimic A Drilll4 DIFEet'LTIV. Rerun. It.vers, Cut. Campton. and ButAstone Yn mini., IrR Wllkinn. Mtn Vanity BUrling, Skis E. BayJon.—And tICEJL:t LADYSIAL) AND MLA CHlLDltEt.—Coatiotact at T. Trug rrewors. TIRICM MAIULII:D. Mr. ghorr sad Mine. lach.roi —AM HAKIM. Maw redder, Graham. ghorr, Meriuwa. aa4 Pollee: Mos Iliworthy, you Heath. ST. JAIM Ten STENOS. NT cairn JOClL E. iAL —THE ISLE Or ST. TRAP= Eleeees.A. terey; Ws. lieeklasbam White. —Surd IN DEMON. C. Tani red lobar* . Wises SR Cum Untied. esdieenc—Cerimpee et Yapese 7. BRITANNIA. Tin [Tina, THIL VICTIM OP DISSIPATION. Mew. J. keynolda and Cranford. Slime L Clayton and Donning. —LOB LINK: Or. The Midas and Its Ulna. Mho L Jacolo, Mrs. Lane. —AndOSJULI LANES AND BLUE WATZILS. Mr } VarnohL MON WATER AT LONDON BRIDOL TEA DST —Manly, IL Me.....Alksrassa. 111. •Cin Tanosaow—ilorafts Ilk ma... ..Aftesses. IA Wm LONDON, FRIDAY, MARCH 22. Barons Parliament adjourns for the holidays there will be, we hope, sonic expression of opinion in the House of Commons with reference to events in Poland. Government seldom volunteers information regarding affairs of the kind ; and habitually, perhaps not unreasonably, abstains from passing judgment or tendering advice pub licly to the rulers of a friendly State. Yet there are circumstances in which, if called upon, Go- vemment can hardly refuse to say whether or not they concur in tho sentiment entertained by the nation at large respecting treaty rights and obli gations, even though the answer may for a mo ment ruffle the complacent equanimity of a des potic ally. For our part we have no desire to foster feelings of irritation between this country and Russia ; and have oftentimes avowed our readiness to ascribe to the present CZAR senti ments and aspirations worthy of commendation. The great work of serf emancipation, in which he has at length taken a decided and irreversible step, entitles him to especial forbearance, even when his other acts do not command our approval. But, upon tho whole, we had rather he were encouraged by disinterested words of favour from afar, than driven back into the arm, of the re actionary party, by whom he is closely beset. His position is one of great difficulty, and not un accompanied with danger. We are firmly con vinced, however, that his best chance of eventual triumph lies in the observance of the great maxim of all wise crriceesion, 11eels restigia ertromin. It is not for en to say at what rate the work of liberalisation in Russia should proceed ; the only thing we do say with confidence is—let not an awakening people be perplexed and made sus picious by the taking back of what has once been yielded. The wants and expectations of Poland rest, however, upon a wholly different footing. Russia and her confederates in the partition of that country consented, at the general re-settle ment of Europe in 1815, to take out a new lease each and all of them, in which were inserted certain distinct and important covenants, securing certain essential immunities and benefits to all the inhabitants of the dismembered territories COW prised before 1772 in the ancient Kivjetost of Poland. The language of the fourteenth article of the general Treaty of Vienna, and of the sections that follow it, is very remark able is this respect, that it recognises unmistakeably the distinctive nationality of the Poles, and their right to representative institu tions, and the maintenance of their native lan page in education and in law. The admission 'Arty be taken as a proof that even in the conclave of conquerors and despots there was a rag of con science left. Forty years of dismemberment had not sufficed to extinguish the consciousness of being a separate race and nation ; and had NAPO LEON, when at Warsaw, in 1812, proclaimed him self their deliverer and restorer, instead of rush ing madly onward to his doom at Moscow, the whole story of his fate and of that of Central Europe during the half century that has since elapsed would have been changed. Tired of un availing talk about the shamefully-violated Treaty of Vienna, the Poles no longer care to revert to its dead letter ; and others have no right to force its terms upon them ; for those terms are after all but in the nature of limitations of that full liberty which we, as a free people, must ever hold to be in defeasibly theirs. But, as one of the signatories to the vaunted territorial settlement of 1815, England not only has a right to recal attention to the conditions for which, as a minimum, she ex pressly stipulated, but she is bound, in season and out of season, to insist upon their observance. Into technical details we do not wish to enter ; but about the general spirit of that portion of the Treaty of 1815 to which we have referred there can be no question. It plainly indicates the pre servation of specific national rights to the Poles as Poles, whether living under the territorial sovereignty of Russia, Austria, or Prussia. With bitter truth it may be said that this indomitable and indestructible people have kept the Treaty which their Sovereigns have broken, for they have clung to the political idiosyncrasy inherited from their fathers, said preserved their native dialect and traditions, while their schools and colleges have been shut up, their ancient statutes set aside, their elective privileges suppressed, and their right to bear arms denied them. No change of time or circumstance can exonerate England from the moral obligation of remonstrating earnestly and urgently whenever occasion offers against the breach of faith which has been thus committed; nothing can justify her neglect of duty if she omit to expostu late with her absolutist allies regarding their breach of covenant with her and with the rest of Europe in this respect. We have shown ourselves ready enough to admonish the Bavarian King of Gaerce and the Bourbon Lord of Name so long as one existed ; yet our obligations to do so were in no way comparable with those by which we are bound to demand justice for Poland. The moment, too, seems propitious for the utterance of friendly words of wholesome counsel. Symptoms of yielding and of a desire to temporise if not to conciliate aro manifest in what we know of the conduct of the Russian Government during the last fortnight. The national schools of learning are ordered to ho re-opened ; and it is even said that some of the old profeseors long since depend are to be readmitted to their chairs. The muni cipalities aro being reconstituted on the elective basis ; and the inhabitants of Warsaw have already made choice of Count AnDaaw &minin and other men of known probity and experience, to act as their town councillors. The con duct of the population of the ancient capital has throughout been above all praise. They have endeavoured to distinguish between the friends of moderation and malignant THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 22, 1861. enemies, amongst those placed in authority ; and they have shown that they can nicely distinguish between differing degrees of antagonism to their hopes. To use the golden words of one of our own truest orators, the Poles "have learned the " lessons of liberty in the lair of oppression, and " have come to comprehend accurately the dis " cretion of subjects and the duty of kings." Another concession, about which we profess to understand less, is that of a Council of State for Russian Poland, which is to consist, it is said, of persona of condition and character for ability, born and resident in the land. The telegram published some days ago was probably incorrect, certainly premature, which stated that the distinguished statesman whose name we have already mentioned had been nominated President of this new administrative body. It must be clear to all who understand the working of responsible govern ment that the whole value of this last concession must depend upon the colour and texture of the materials whereof it is composed. Again, we would have repeated in the ears of the Russian EMPEROR that first and last of warnings to one in his posi tion—" No harking back." Better he had never entered on the path of concession than, having raised exciting hopes, that he should dash them to the ground. THE BUDGET. The Chancellor of the Exchequer will make his financial statement on the 15th April. reciprocal. As long as they do not become recon ciled France must wait meanwhile, guarding Rome and the Pontifical territory. May Rome understand the necessity of conciliating the support of Europe and of the Italian nationality ; and may Turin understand the necessity of conciliating the support of Catholicism. The Holy Bee ought to understand the impossibility of isolating itself from Italy. Italy also must understand that she cannot do without the Pope. The role of France is to reconcile Italy and the Papacy. The debate will be continued to-morrow. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company : BOMBAY MAILS. The Vectis, with the above mails, arrived atMar @ernes at 9 p.m., yesterday. The mails left for London at 10p.m. The Elora, with the heavy portion of the mail, am., was to leave Malta at midnight on the 18th, and may be expected at Southampton on the 27th instant. The Orissa brought the mails to Suez, arriving there on the 14th inst. OUTWARD MAILS. The Ceylon (from Southampton on the 4th of March) reached Malta at 6 a.m. on the 13th, and left at midnight for Alexandria. The Euxine (from Marseilles on the 13th March) arrived at Malta at 2 p.m., and sailed again at 8 a.m. on the 16th. 1 inaugural. The secession ordinance will conse quently be voted down in the Convention. The first public reception at the White-house under the new regime took place on the evening of the Bth inst., and attracted a very numerous and brilliant company. A despatch from New Orleans states that the opinion was rapidly settling down in political and commercial circles there that Mr. Lincoln's inau gural meant war. The legislature had passed a resolution approving of the conduct of General Twiggs in surrendering the Federal property in Texas to the authorities of that state. The latest advices stated that Lieut. Slemmer was engaged in raising a sand battery about a quar ter of a mile eastward of Fort Pickens, and that the work in the land batteries on the beach opposite Warrington was being continued. The New York Herald says that the commis sioners from the Southern Confederacy would not be recognised. They would report at Montgomery, when it was believed President Davis would order General Beauregard to demand of Major Anderson the surrender of Fort Sumter. The Unionists had carried North Carolina on the question of holding a convention. The state had gone against a convention by a majority of 1,000. The army bill providing for raising 50,000 men passed the Southern Congress on the Bth inst. It was said that the requisite number would soon be ready to take the field. In the Virginia State Convention on the Bth inst. Mr. Wyaon offered an ordinance dissolving the union of Virginia with the United States, which was referred. 111 the Missouri State Convention, on the Bth inst., the resolution declaring that President Lincoln's inaugural tends towards peace was tabled, in order to await the action of the Committee on Foreign Relations. The committee, it was said, would re port taking strong ground against seceesion and coercion, and declaring emphatically for the Union. HER MAJESTY'S NAVAL YARDS. REPORT OF OF THE COMMISSIONERS. This morning was issued the report, together with the minutes of evidence, of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the control and management of her Majesty'. naval yards. The system of control and management of the dockyards is described as being inefficient. The inefficiency is attri buted by the commissioners to the constitution of the Board of Admiralty ; the defective organisation of the subordinate departments ; the want of clear and well-defined responsi bility ; and the absence both now and in times past, of any means of effectuallychecking expend iture owing to the want of accurate accounts. The commissioners offer the following suggestions, with the view of rendering control and manage. ment more efficient : " 1. That a minister for the navy department should be appointed, and should be held entirely responsible for the control and management of the dockyards. 2. That the dockyards should be looked upon as large manufacturing establishments for the purpose of building and repairing the ships of your Majesty's navy. 3. That the minister of the navy should have the power of appointing a controller general acquainted with and qualified to manage such establishments. 4. That the controller-general should have the power (subject to the approval of the minister) of selecting the superintendents of the different dockyard; as these officers are the instruments for carrying out his in structions. 5. That the superintendents of the dockyards should (subject to the approval of the minister) have the selection of the officers under them, with the exception of the officers in the accountant's and storekeeper's depart. meets. 6. That the storekeeper-general of the navy should be appointed by the minister, but should be under the controller-general. 7. That the storekeeper-general of the navy should (subject to the approval of the minister) have the selection of the officers in his department. 8. That the director of engineering and architectural works should be appointed by the minister, but should be under the controller-general. 9. That the director of works should (subject to the ap. proval of the minister) have the selection of the officers in his department. 10. That the accountant-general of the navy should be appointed by and be responsible to the minister for the navy department ; that he should have the entire control of the whole accounts connected with the dockyards ; and that he should furnish all accounts required by the controller-general. 11. That the accountantgeceral of the navy should have the selection of the officers in his department, subject to the approval of the minister. 12. That the officers and men in the dockyards should be placed under the same restrictions as to voting at elections as the officers at the Post-office, the Customs, and the Inland Revenue. 13. That in each dockyard the captain of the steam ordinary should be appointed to superintend the fit. ting out of ships, that he should be held responsible for any deviations from the established rules as to fittings, which he may, in hie judgment, think necessary ; and should be the medium of communication between the officers of the navy and the superintendent of the dockyard. 14. That all the departments of the Admiralty connected with the dockyards should be brought under one roof. 15. That the minister should be empowered to employ scientific and practical men when he may find it advisable to consult them upon inventions and improvements connected with the department. 16. That the estimates laid before par. liament should be accompanied by the annual programme of shipbuilding works, as given in Appendix No. 3 to this report, for the year 1860.61, with the estimated cost of each ship under the heads of "materials" and " labour." 17. That a surplus arising on one vote of the nary estimates should not be permitted to be applied to make good a deficiency upon another vote, even with the sanction of the Treasury. 18. That the power of the Treasury to increase the capon. dilute on one item of a vote by applying the monies voted on another item of the same vote should be limited. 19. That vote No. 10 be divided into five votes, under the heads of-1. Timber ; 2. Other stores ; 3. Vessels built by c ont ras t ; 4. Steam machinery ; 5. Cools ; and that each vote should be set oat in detail, showing the establish ment in each case; the different descriptions of timber and ' other stores to be purchased ; the names of vessels to be built by contract, their armament, horse power, and esti. mated cost ; and the ships for which the steam machinery is to be provided. 20. That a return to parliament of the expenses incurred on your Majesty's ships should be made in the form annexed, marked A, and be laid on the table of the House of Commons, with the navy estimates." Under the second head of the report--purchase of ma. terials and stores—the commissioners suggest that the contracts, especially for timber, should be more divid and that the period ,or which standing contracts are en into should be reduced. Timber, not of contract dime°. *ions, or in excess of the quality required, should, they ay s be rejected. "The system of accounts," observe the commissioners, "is elaborate and minute ,• but, so far as we can judge, its results are not to be relied upon for any practical purpose." They proceed, in some twenty paragraphs, to illustrate this. They then refer to their remarks under the head of control given above, and add the following additional sug. Bastions for their improvement: "1. That the accountant•general should be instructed to frame a new system of accounts .m the principle of double entry. 2. That the accounts should be made up in the dockyards each month, and transmitted to the accountant. general by the 15th of the following month. 3. That an annual account should be laid before parliament, giving • detailed statement showing how the motley voted for the dockyards has been expended on ships and services. 4. That the forms of account should be carefully revised. 5. That the acoountant•general should consult with the officers and decide upon au uniform system of classification of heeds of service at the different yards, with the view of removing ambiguity in beading the issue and workmanship .notes, and for the purpose of ensbling the controllers general to institute comparisons between the cost of similar descriptions of work at the different yards. 6. That the storekeepers should be cashiers; and should pay the wages at the yenta. 7. That the practice of issuing stores without vouchers should be immediately checked by the superin tendents of the dockyards." Such being the very unsatisfactory condition of the value accounts of the dockyards, the commissioners abstain from expressing any opinion upon the cost of building, converting, &c., the ships of the navy, b.sed upon data furnished by these accounts. They express the opinion that the system of task soil job work as at present carried on to the dockyards is open to great abuse. They recommend also " that with the submission for building of a ship, the con. troller-general should also submit a carefully prepared estimate of the entire coat of the ship, distinguishing ma. terials, labour, fitting and rigging, and engines. That in all eases where alteration or repair of a ship is proposed, a similar estimate should be prepared. That these estimates should be signed by the Controller-General, the Construc tor, the Engineer-m•Chiet of the Navy ; and the Master Attendant, Master Shipwright, Chief Engiueer, and Store• keeper of the dockyard, where the ship is to be built, altered, or repaired. The last subject treated of is the expenditure in cos. averting and altering the ships of the navy. Under a proper system of dockyard management, large retrenchments, they believe, may be made without impairing the efficiency of the yards. They detail the instances in which alterations have been made in vessels from their ori e 'inid designs in the course of construction, and remark that they see no reason to doubt that these alterations were judiciously made. The hut opinion which they give is that iron shipbuilding should not be carried on in her Majesty's dockyards under the ex• istiog system of accounts. The report is signed by Mr. Robert Dalglish, M.P., the Earl of Gifford, and Sir H. P. Willoughby, M.l.' All the dockyards have been visited and tastefully inspected. The Rev. H. P. Wrigbt, Chaplain to the Forces, and formerly principal chaplain to the army in the Crimea, has been appointed to the archdenconry of Britieb Comm.o bin. This appointment does not remove Mr. Wright from his long connexion with the army. A lecture was deliverea on Wixlintaday night in the Metropolitan 11111, Dublin, to the members of the Young Men's Christian Association, upon the subject of the Jews, by his ontee the Archbishop of Dublin. The Lord Lieu tenant also honoured the association by his attendance. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOel Erv. —At thu meeting on Monday, the With inst., at Burlingtoe•bouse, the f lowing papers willbe mad :-1. N. W. Auptralin—" Report on the organisation of the Exploring Expedition from Perth to the N.W. Coast of Australia," by Mr. F. T. Gregory, F.R.G.S. 2. N. E. Australia —" Memoranda on the Ports of N.& Australia," by Mr. A. C. Gregory, ; with " Report on the Exploring Expedition to the Burdekin River," by Mr. J. W. Smith, R.N., communicated by Sir George Bowen, F.R.G.S., Governor of Queensland, through the Duke of Newcastle. 3. S. Australia—" Expeditiorm in," by the Governor, Sir R; liPlkinnell, and Major War. honey. CURIOCR POOR LAW QUESTION.—The Deptford beard of guardians have, it in raid, just 1-.sde Sr application to she Poor Law Beard under the following circumstances : —A man named Joseph Ball, formerly ti pamper, had noes• pectielly become mussed of property amounting to 1,5004 by the death of a brother in Australis, nod they required to ascertain if the money which had been paid to him from the union. amounting to 00t, could not bet ecovered from bin. The answer received from the Poor Taw Ward wu to the effect that, if the money hail been giveu him as a loan, and stated to have been such at the time he received it, the amount might be recovered ; but if the money was given without any such consideration being stated at the time, it could not legally be demanded now. CRYSTAL PALACIL ONM SWUM DAT. -"" THURSDAY, MARCH 21.—Ailmietions ou payment, 1,0301 ditto by season tickets, 709 ; total, 1,799. EDt dom. WINDSOR CASTLE, Ktacu 21. The Queen, Prince Coneort, Crown Princene of Prussia. and royal family, remain in the atrie*aet retirement a$ Windsor Castle. A deputatioa from the Chamber of Commerce, Hull, and the merchants of that port, on the subject of the charges in aid for collection of revenue, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his oMeial residence, in Downingetreet. The deputation was intro duced by Lord Methane, M.P., and was accompanied by the Hon. Adrenal Buncombe, M.P., Mr. James Clay, MP., and Mr. Joseph Barnes, Y.P., _and consisted of the Mayor of Hull (Mr. W. Hodge), Mr. Alderman Blundell, Mr. Alderman Bancister, Mr. Thomas Wilson, Mr. Henry J. Atkinson, Mr. John Middleton, and Mr. P. Bruce, secretary of the chamber. A deputatioo from the pariah of Hammersmith, consist ing of ]leers. W. Smith and W. /forlorn, churchwardens, Mr. James Bird, solicitor, and Mr. Alfred J. Roberta, vest r y clerk, bad an interview yesterday with Sir G. Cornevndl Lewis, at the Hotneollice, on the subject of the allowance to parishes for empty and compounded properties in the county rate valuation. The Commissioners for the International Exhibition of Doi:: held a merting, at their others in the Strand, yesterday. Despatches were received yestenlay at the Colouial•olltce, from the Governors of Hong Kong, Ceylon, Canada, and Australia. We are authorised to state that the suenonnoement in the eveniost papers of yesterday, that the remains of the late Duchess of Keot will lie in state at Frogmen, to-day and to morrow, is entirely without foundation. FUNERAL OP THE LATE DUCHESS OP KENT. The Chapel Royal of St. George is now crowded with workmen busy in the preparation for the interment of the late lamented Duchess of Kest, which will take place at 11 o'clock on Monday morning Lett. A platform of several feet, extending along the nave, and also the north and south aisles, and gradually ascending over the atone steps to the entrance of the choir, is being erected, the whole of which will be covered with black cloth. At the north west corner of the chapel, fronting the beautiful cenotaph of her late royal highness the Princess Charlotte, • temporary chapel lined and covered with black cloth, will be erected for the reception of the comae, which will be privately brought to the chapel in the course of the night previous to the day of interment, and an erection is she being made at the south door of the chapel, where the eras will be removed from the hearse and placed on • bier, and eenveyed to the temporary chapel. The floor of the choir and stalls of the knights of the Garter will also be covered with black cloth. The royal mourners will assemble in the Chapter room, and the other mourners in Cardinal Weissfe chapel. Shortly before the funeral the officers of Mate, the dean and canons and choristers will form • pro emial is the mouth aisle, and just previous to the com mencement of the burial service the coffin will be brought from the tangency chapel and placed at the west sod of the nave. The preemies) formed in the south aisle will then take their position in frost of the corpse, when the mounters will leave the Chapter-room and Wolaey'■ Chapel, and pro ceed along the north aisle, and on their reaching the corpse, the procession will slowly move to the choir, whilst a portion of the Istria service is being chanted by the chariot's,. After three in the procession have taken seats, the remainder of the solemn service (Croft's and Purcell's) will be performed. and Martin Luther's hymn sung, and the coffin lowered into he temporary resting place by means of some new machinery. The grave, which is about sixteen feet deep, is being made immediately below the opening to the royal vault, for the convenience of reinterment of the remains of the royal duchess in the new mausoleum, in Progniore Gardens. As the ceremony of lying in elate will be dispensed with, the other coffins which contain the remains of the royal duchess will be put into the state coffin to-morrow, and placed in the principal drawing-room of Frogmore House, where they will remain until early on the Monday morning. The principal mourners will, we understand, be his Royal Highness the Prince Consort and his Royal Highness the Primes of Wales. In excavating for the tempor►ry grave a small opening was made into the vault which contains the comes of Hoary VIII. and one of his Queens, the Lady Jane Sey mour, also the coffins of Charles I. and an infant child of Queen Ann.. The coffins, Mid even the crimsons on which are placed the conmeta, were in a tolerable state of preserve. Yoe, sad the ■pear bole in the coffin of Henry VIII., said to have been made by on. of the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell, wee clearly discernible. THE IfOUHEING POE THE DUCHESS OP KENT. (Idzion.urour.) WAIT-OFFICE, NAzeu 20, 1861. Volunteers when in mourning will wear a piece el black craps three inches wide round the left ann, above tie elbow. (By order) M. Id URDO. To Commanding Officers of Volunteer Corps. The et-Queen Marie Ann Hie, sooompanied by several members of her family, Lea returned to Claremont tram a brief sojourn at the Royal Victoria Hotel, St. . . - The Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry wined in town a few days ninon horn Ireland. The Marquia of Hastings has arrived at Claridge's Hotel. The Earl of Roden and the Hon. Strange Jocelyn lave arrived la Groodiah•goere from Tullymore Park, meaty Down. The Karl and Countess of Aylesf.wil have left Claridge's Hotel for Pekingese Hall, Coventry. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston will leave tows 'oily east week for Broadlands for the Easter boll. days. Viscountess Joseelyn ►nd the Hon. Miss Jososlyn mind at Cambridge House on Wednesday evening, from 84. Leonardo, for a tow days. Count Szapary has arrived at Clark lia's Hotel, [rola Madeira, on hie way to Vienna. Leidy Stanley of Alderley leaves town to-day for Bob. Hie lordskilp will lour. to-sorrow for Aldan*, Ark, Madre. The Town Couucil of Edinburgh has resolved, by 19 to 7, to potitios puha:own sot to grant • member to tbe Scot& Usivorsitira. The following has been hunted et Dublin :--Sua pension of Major Yelvertou.—" Adjutaot•General's Office, Dahlia. March 18.—In °bedtimes to an order rewired how his Royal Highness the Goma! Conirnanding.in-Chief, the rueful commanding the forme is Ireland directs that Major the H , ... W. C. Ye'series, Royal Artillery, be sus. peuded from all ',Minify duties until further onion. By colornaud, J. S. Bsowssioa, Deputy Adjutaat-GeneraL" LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (RZWITRIS reuour.) INDIA. BOMBAY, Fa. 27. Sir William Denison arrived at Madras on the 18th February. The late Mr. Wilson's currency scheme has been abandoned by Mr. Laing as unsound and dim geroua A new scheme is to be introduced. The area of the famine is widening daily. Captain Napier, of the Bth Husaars, has been killed at Meerut. The Queeu Margaret has been wrecked in the Hooghly. ITALY. NAPLES, Yemen 21, 11.40 A.m. The names of the new councillors of lieutenancy are not yet known. The journal Italia del Popolo baying accused Alexander Dumas of having taken 40,000 ducats from the government during the dictatorship of Garibaldi, Dumas has sent a challenge to the editor of that journal. Count Teleki and M. Winkler will be his seconds. The typhus fever has disappeared from Naples. NAPLES, THUISDAY, 9 p.m. A fete took place this morning, in honour of Garibaldi, in the San Carlo Theatre and in the Royal Palace. Perfect order and tranquillity prevailed. The Chevalier de Nigra was present in a private box during the fete in the theatre. Zappetta, President of the Associations of Work men, delivered a moderate speech in honour of Garibaldi. POLAND. BRESLAU, PIIDAT. The Breslau journals of to-day publish a confi dential circular, addressed by Muhkanoff, ex-curator of Poland, to the civil governors, recommending them to exercise vigilance against what it terms the prevailing seditious spirit, and a strict surveil lance over suspicious individuals, especially foreigners, and finally ordering them to employ energetic measures for the suppression of any out break. This circular likewise instructs them to clearly explain to the peasants that the government has their welfare continually at heart. It expresses a hope that the peasants will seize the instigators of disturbances even should they be their own landlords, and deliver them up to the authorities. On the contents of this circular becoming known the delegation of citizens of Warsaw made repre sentations to the government against their danger ous nature. The result of this step on their part is not yet known. HUNGARY. PRESBURG, Mks= 22. The elections at Boeing have given rise to a violent party struggle. Three electoral parties pelted one another with stones. Twenty persons were slightly wounded. The military were com pelled to interfere. scHLEsWIG-HOLSTICIN. ITZEHOE, Alms 21. The preliminary discussion on the report of the committee has commenced in the Estates. The Royal Commissioner warned the Assembly of the responsibility it was about to incur. MM. Versmann, Recentlow, and Blome sup ported the proposals of the committee. M. Renck opposed them. The whole assembly protested against the suggestion which was thrown out in one of the speeches, that Holstein should dissolve her connexion with the German Confe deration. FRANCE. PARIS, l'emumaY. The Pat . says : "We have reason to believe that no order has been given for the recall of the French troops from Rome." PARIS, THURSDAY. In the Corps Legialatif to-day M. Favre brought forward his amendment requesting the withdrawal of the French troops from Rome. He recalled the hopes which were entertained on the accession of Pius IR, and said the Italians then believed that it was possible to reconcile the Papacy with the independence of Italy, but unhappily the Weldon was of short duration. Since then also the Pope had refused to associate himself with the war against Austria, and by so doing abdicated his temporal power. M. Fevre recalled the conduct of France since the battle of Novara, and maintained that in ordering the expedition to Rome, the National Assembly never intended to re-establish the temporal power of the Pope, but desired to support Piedmont in her resistance to the threat ened domination of Austria. He contended that the re-establishment of the sovereignty of the Pope was foreign to the object of the expedition, and that the restoration by foreign bayonets destroyed the temporal power. Withdraw, he said, the sword of France and the throne of the Pope falls. M. Fevre cited documents to prove that all Europe condemned the Roman government He praised Victor Emmanuel for drawing his sword in the service of Italian unity, and the governor of the Emperor fur not maintaining a pusillanimous neutrality. In reply to M. Keller, M. Favre said he was surprised to see assigned as the cause of the war in Italy a motive whose name ought not to have been pronounced in the chamber. (Applause.) It was as outrage against the Sovereign to insult the good sense and honour of France. (Applause.) M. Fevre then re-called the origin of the war in Italy, and said that the Papal government in Bologna disappeared with the Austrian ammunition waggons. It would be the same if we left Rome. He pointed out the false position held by the French soldiers at Rome, which, he said, could not be maintained any longer. He declared that the pro posed confederation would maintain the influence of Austria. He recalled the counsels given to the Pope to grant reforms, and blamed the government for having authorised enlistments for the Papal army in France. It would, he said, be impolitic to allow the sword of France to remain at Rome to repress the movement which we h►ve provoked. Rome is necessary to the Italians as the capital of their kingdom. The maintenance of the state quo is im possible. M. Grassier de Caasagnac supported the paragraph as drawn up by the committee, and said, "The policy of France is catholic and liberal." He de sired a Papacy without abuse, and Italian liberty without Utopian ideas. "No member of the com mittee has demanded the restitution to the Popo of the provinces he had lost, but the Papacy to be in dependent would require Rome and its territory formerly under its dominion." He declared that the interest of France and her dynasty was to maintain the temporal power of the Pope, and con tended that Italian unity was hostile to France. In recapitulating his remarks, M. Granier de Ciussag nac said : " The irritation at Rome and Turin is THE PENINSULAR MAIL SOUTHAMPTON, MARCH 22. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer 'Tagus, from Lisbon on the 17th inst., has arrived here with the above mail. She brings 24 passengers, 3,5711. in specie, and a general cargo. The Tagus experienced strong north-westerly winds and a heavy sea throughout the passage. The Tyne arrived at Lisbon on the 13th inst., and sailed for the Brazils on the 14th. The English Beet and usual Portuguese squadron were lying in the Tagus. At Lisbon, exchange on London at three months was quoted 54 ; on Paris, 527 ; on Hamburg, 48 ; on Amsterdam, 42}; on Genoa, 522; Rentes, Three per Cent., 48 ; Coupons, 471 ; Deferred, 391 ; Lis bon Bank, 555 milreis ; Oporto Commercial Bank, 256 ; Oporto Mercantile Bank, 260 mareis. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nor 0011 OWN PARLS, THDIADAY Evzsuio. The lowering of the Bank of England discount produced a slight degree of animation upon the Bourse, where dullness has long been predominant to a degree totally unprecedented. The Rente rose 10c. for cub, and SC. for account, closing at 68fr. 20c. and 68fr. 26c. Mobilier rose lfr. 25c. The Western Railway rose sfr. in consequence of a contradiction of a report that it would pay no divi dend, but the other lines were a mere shade higher. The Papal Zouave who, as mentioned in a tele gram, was lately arrested at the Cafe Colonna in Rome is aM. de Fremont, who, according to the report of the French gendarmerie, was one of a group of people in the cafe who were speaking against Napoleon 111. A Frenchman who over heard the conversation told the Zouaves that if they did not like the Emperor they should keep their opinions to themselves, and not proclaim them in a public-house. Thereupon it is reported that the Zouaves fell upon the volunteer champion of the French government, but he laid about him so furi ously with a stick that the military, who perceived some French gendarmes approaching the scene of the row, took to their heels, leaving their comrade, M. de Fremont, who had received a hurt from the civilian's cudgel, the only representative of the corps in the cafe. Ile was marched off to the Castle of St. Angelo, and will probably be tried by a court martial. But the affair is obviously not a very serious one. A prieat,of Montpellier has been arrested on several charges of violation. The imperial pro cureur had great difficulty in getting his warrant executed, because the culprit is a president of the Society of St. Vincent do Paul, and has immense in fluence in the country. The commissary of police, who was first applied to, flatly refused to arrest this priest, giving as his reason in writing that such an act would bring ruin upon himself, his wife, and children. The officer of gen darmerie also refused upon like grounds. When at length the accused was safely lodged in prison, the Court of Cessation thought it right to change the venue for his trial from Mont pellier to Argen, upon cause shown for apprehend ing partiality towards the prisoner by the court of the former place. This case illustrates a recent declaration of M. Dupin that clerical society is tending to substitute itself for civil society. M. Hartogs, the amateur skater, whose name I mentioned two months ago, when giving an account of the court sports on the ice, has just received from the Emperor a hanlaome tea service in massive silver as an acknowledgment of his services in con ducting the Empress's sledge. The private theatre in M. Dupree's house in the Rue Turgot was crammed last night with a fashionable audience—French, English, American, and Italian—to witness the deb& of Mrs. Hilliard, an English lady—a dame de grand monde—who has long been studying music in Italy, and is now a pupil of M. Dupree. Two acts of Norma, and a scene from II Barbieri, were played with a capital orchestra and all scenic appliances, and the lady was received with an applause calculated to encourage her to adopt the stage as a profes sion, which it is whispered she thinki of doing. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE EDINBURGH. LIVERPOOL. Tamen AT. The Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia Company's screw steamer Edinburgh, Captain Brooks, which left New York on the 9th instant, arrived in the Mersey this afternoon. The steamship Prince Albert, from Galway, ar rived at St. John's, Newfoundland, on the morning of the 9th instant. The New York Herald says : According to our Washington despatea, the reinforce ment of Forts Sumter and Pickens has been decided on by the administration of President Lincoln. and the arrangements for carrying out that object are now in active progreaa. Gene ral Scott and the cabinet secretaries are maid to be busy with the plane. We are informed by one of our Washington oorreepoodente of very important movements in the army and navy ordered by the government. All the naval Tomb in the Pacific and the Mediterranean are ordered borne, to return to northern porta, and the troops lately under the command of General Twiggs, in Texas, nuniberieg 2,500, and those in Mexico, are called to the no rth.: From Texas we have nothing of • positive nature biter than what we published yesterday morning ; but by way of New Orleans there is a rumour to the effect that Fort Brown, in °grappled of Captain Hill, of the United States army, had base surrendered to the Texans. . _ _ No movement had yet been made by the commis sioners in Washington from the Confederate States towards the negotiations with which they are charged. Mr. Roman, one of the members of the commission, had not arrived, and his colleagues will do nothing till be joins them. Intelligence bad been received in Washington to the effect that, after a full and careful canvass iu the Virginia Convention, it had been found that the seeessionista in that body were in a minority, notwithstanding the fact that they have received acceesions since the delivery of President Lincoln's MR. COBDEN AND THE COMMERCIAL TREATY WITH FRANCE. TO TEI TIMOR OT THE LEMUR& letter irom Mr. Cobden is intended for publication. May Irequest as a favour that you will allow it to appear in y our columns ? I am, &c., E. S. RI LIB, Mayor. Leicester, March 20. Algiers, March 12, 1861. Dear Sir,—l have received the address of the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of Leicester, bearing your signa ture, thanking me for my exertions in negotiating the com mercial treaty with France. The perusal of this eloquent address has afforded me great pleasure. It deplores the many generations of Eng lishmen and Frenchmen who have lived in • state of hosti lity owing to their mutual jealousies and distrust, and the ruinous consequences that bans been entailed on both countries, and it hails the treaty as the auspicious COM of • happier and more peaceful era. These eentimenta have my warmest sympathy, and I frankly avow that they expresso the considerations and motives which, more than the material interesta involved, though the two are insepa rable, have inspired my humble but zealous efforta to remove the obstacles which impeded the commercial intercourse between the two countries. I have the best reason for knowing that these considerations weighed also with pre ponderating force in the motives which induced the French government to enter into the treaty. And I have the finn conviction that, with time and the exercise of • little mutual forbearance, these hopes and aspirations may be realised. But whilst the entire main of our industrious population seem to share these feelings, we cannot unfortunately close our eyes to the unpleasant fact, demonstrated by the expe rience of the last year, that we have among us individuals, if not an entire class, occupying positions of great influence, who are actuated by totally opposite sentiments. In referring for the Brit and last time to the attempts made by those to whom I allude to defeat the negotiation of the treaty, it is not to complain of their attacks on myself. If by their bold and persistent misrepresentations they did succeed in causing me some anxiety at one stage of my labours, from the fear that the manufacturing com munity would be so far misled as to prevent the Cham• tiers of Commerce from affording me the personal co-opera tion in Paris necessary for the completion of my task, the unswerving confidence with which those bodies honoured me throughout the negotiations, and the unani mous approbation which they have expressed of the result, leave me in no humour to quarrel with my opponents. I allude to them now merely to draw from their peat conduct a warning for the future. It must not be forgotten that those public speakers and journalists, who, without one fact to justify them—for they would not wait for the facts—charged the French govern ment with deliberate deception and treachery towards me in the affair of the treaty, are the same persons who have incessantly proclaimed the hostile designs of that govern ment upon our peace and security, who have accused it of having made formidable naval preparations, and who are for ever discovering its plots and conspiracies against our interests in all parts of the world. And their accusations are just as little entitled to credit in the one case as the other. I offer this as my deliberate judgment after nearly fig teen months' residence in France,with the beet possible opportunities of obtaining a knowledge of those facts which can alone afford the means of arriving at • correct conclusion ; and claiming for myself in other re spects no greater advantage over my opponents than in the possession of that moderate share of sagacity and temper which enabled me to take a more correct view than them selves of the designs of the French government with regard to the treaty. Yes, those parties have subjected themselves to another and more serious disadvantage. When • witness is convicted of giving false evidence against his neighbour his testimony is for ever discredited by • jury of his countrymen ; and should the parties to whom I allude be found again charging the French govern ment with treacherous designs, and arrogating to themselves exclusive sources of information respecting its intentions, we ' should be wanting in discernment and sagacity, and be guilty of great injustice towards that government., if after the specimens we have had of their rash and unscrupulous allegations we were to allow our judgment to be in the slightest degree influenced by their statements. I will only add, that the industrious population of Eng land, who will soon be brought into intimate commercial relations with the French people, have it in their power to frown down the efforts of those who, from whatever motives, seek to sow dissensions between them and embitter the relations of the two countries. To their good sense and sound feeling I confidently confide the task of securing for us those moral results of the treaty to which your address attaches so just a value, by cultivating the sentiments of peace and goodwill with their powerful, intelligent, and amiable neighbour. Begging you to assure the members of your council of my very high appreciation of the approval with which they have honoured my services, I remain, your most obedient servant, E. S. ElEa, Esq., Mayor. It. COBDEN. Boats—The following is an extract from a pri vate letter from Rome :—" Daily we hope to see the entrance of Victor Emmanuel into Home. I hope this prayer of every bean will soon be realised. I have read the speeches made by Messrs. Pline.hon and BoSey in favour of the Pope, the King of Naples, &c., in the French Senate. Is it possible there are animals so vegetative ? These Codini wish that Italysbould be divided, and remain iu its pristine state ; because they fancy the existence of a free date in the South of 21,00000 of men, is contrary to the in tercets of Franco. Austria and Germany will not have Italy united, because opposed to their security. The ex•kinge and princes, Italians, not by birth, but solely by sove reignty, protest against it as contrary to their power and in terests. So that according to this resuming, the fate of Italy is to be determined by considerations of everybody's interest and pleasure, except those of her own sons. Enough. Gad is great ; and I believe this time He has covered as with His hand." QUALIFICATIONS TOR OPTIC= BILL —We gave yesterday • list of the Lord' who voted on Tuesday for this bill, which abolishes the declerstion now required to be taken by members of municipal bodies and others not to exercise their official power to damage the church esta blishment. Last year only twentynne peers supported the bill, forty-four opposing it. This year it was supported by thirty-eight spinet forty•nine ; the majority against it being reduced from twenty three to eleven. Only four members of the episcopal bench—the Archbishop of Canter bury and the Bishops of London, Carlisle, and Llandaff— were present ; but the/ all voted against the bill, notwith standing Lord Taunton s solemn appeal to them to put an end to the present profane appeal to the Deity. The rat of its opponents were for the most part conservative. Dinpistehivi froni Washington, of the Bth instant, in the New York papers, st...te that Yr. Skwanl was seriously ill, and that there was much anxiety about him. gave[ Jere them respo w uple'er toga} whom who fit CC I.•ft h. 1 , 64, rome° dodo% and 12, The evideo markil if the (Beton Wlll ~00 Richer woollei of bree Garda4 Rich cvenio told 13 rnornir it was The MIA lebnu wa! ga J laid tk ether 1 looked the pri him th log • p and cL — Pohl todya it, Mil In not WI The Terdie The priaue upon a cocaina saute° ROBBI: Jan marine Prince dice c An-H his art Music Mr. rather Pnc asked the 4 racter, Mr. on Mr able le service the fai Mr. Si A (41 racier, the b Mr. 81 One Mr. A On the co inquei Broug recolk Lo Opini the pc in EDI TI, Huse, Count eurat4 that 1 Lunt 1 4 •