The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-14 00:00:00

Wit erpre%O. OUTGOING MAILS. TM Meet India Mak, ads( Meraiada, Bavassah, Noma. liondataa, New Oshawa, and Mee" and illard lo 9 these fee Madeira, uns.de-Niserserea, New Granada, Chill. rad Peramill be milker es hr. 17. TM arils toe Lisboa. Spa* end Gibraltar will be made up on Jes. 17. TM moils ter Gibrolter, Malta, Glom, the Isaias Limo* Mippe t Ceylon, India, sad Mina. eta lionthimptes, will M undo up es the evening of Jan. 19. The mo rid Mundt'', to the Mediterranean, Cites. UM, HoetKoog, &c., will be side split arming et Jan. 94. TM walla tor British New* Maurine aid the United Mom will be aide up ea tie ~Jai et 26. TM wale Mr Modena, the Be.oil wad leseee Apree,will be wade up es the evening of Yeb. 4. TO MAllEbrun may ye.. pt Adveriminiab Webbed Ityy The Rapymb" Taiga ~Mg = i6e M as Os sake. le Seaver e meet. by Tweeds* se IM 4/ of . MOW MATS AT LONI3OI Two DAy—llami, ASWows.A. la Tr —Alersis 1ta....—.A hmissa. 3 b. 117.. LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 14. Sri ROBS= PEW!. spoke tree enough, when he said that the time had not yet come when landlord and tenant should consider their respective interests and come to some new, fair, and final settle ment. The fact is, we are in a state of social and po litical war. A very large share of the annual produce and profit of the country's wealth lies in litigation, and rival interests are contending to see which shall have it. The reliance of the protectionist party is not for **moment in neon, but in numbers and in clamour. They have great hopes, if not of e nvying the i day by a vote n parliament, of at least manoeuvring so as to compel a dissolution, and th e y hope from a new chapter of circumstances and accidents a renewal of the old political and commercial monopoly. The arguments brought forward by so belligerent a party more resemble those put on placards before a hastier than those addressed to rational people ; and the calculations, from whichever side of the Tweed they come, all savour of the same warlike ex. aggeration. Thus, agriculturists will put down as tte sum of their capital the value of implements and stock and all else in the dearest of years, end coolly expect to be allowed 10 per cent. now as well as then, and clueing every year between. Let any owner of capital in any way of employing it draw up similar calculations, and it would be easy to show that every interest in the country was ruined and no capital left in it. The most trying evil, certainly, that has tefallen the agriculturists, is the deterioration in value of their stock, and of all in which their original capital was invested. This, however, has befallen the farmers under the influence of protection, which was never able to prevent importation from abroad in years of famine and scarcity, and which in deed always rend. red that impartation so exuberant and overwhelming when it did come, as to have a lasting effect. In any calculation now, however, all that agricultural capital is invested in must be taken at what it ia, not what it was. Free trade mast have the advantages of a new score, nor be charged with all the losses which occurred under pro tection, nor with the high prices which p r o tection itself jailed to maintain. The farmer then must make a large allowance, and submit to the inevitable lose that has already ac crued to him upon his capital. The landlord must be pre pared for a similar sacrifice on his capital, which in het consists al the natural properties of the la' d, and must reduce his note in consequence. It will by no means do for landlord' to pretend, with the Marquis of Dowlesslam that they have oily just diacavered that some of their lands were let too cheap, and that they ere reedy to spend on the land what they ought to have extorted, in order to charge five per cent. as it, and so literally rails their tenants' rents. This is esly worthy of Bens Munchausen. The proposal of S r Pun, of which Lord DOWNSHILE'S is a eerie .tare, is, though more ape. clone, sot infinitely more liberal. Had Mr. P.thiert, by whom it is understood the right hoc. baronet is advised, recomn,enoed that the 20 per cent. should be expended in arefisial manure, and applied to the current crops, this would have been an icon - diate boon to the tenant, a useful experiment for agriculture. and of permanent benefit to the land. And west tenants want is immediate encouregtmei t to work through a trials, not perspective relief fur the time when it shall be over. What landlords must abandon is the hope of a permanently high rate of rent-roll, with yearly tellers. daring • transition state. If present prices hold, or An in the moderate degree that may be expected, a permanent reduction mud take place in the scale of prices of agricultural produce compared with the averages of the last fifty or the lsat thirty years. The average price of wheat during the latter pe riod has been 7e. a beaheL The best authorities estimate that the price will settle at be. eat. This is a redric tioa of nearly 25 per cent. And we may estimate that all kinds of agricultural produce—meat, seeds, tallow, and wool—well suffer about a similar depre ciation. Nor does this come anything near to the dap _initiation of non-agricultural produce—nothing, indeed, to be compared to it. Pat out cf calculation all the hopes of high farm kg. Let it be supposed that the same race of far mers, with their average of ecience, and present amount of capital, continue to work the land, which is taking a far worse prospect of agriculture and the men of England than there is necessity of doing. But it is necessary to look things in the face, and at their worst. Then the produce of a farm which has been 1,0001., will be reduced to 7504 The proportion of the 1,00 01. reserved as rent, has varied according to the soil and cultivation. If the costs of the latter and the inevitable outgoings have been light with reterence to the whole amount of produce, a large relative proportion has remained for rent. Thus pasture lands have afforded most rent in pro portion to produce. Poor clay lands cost much in cultivating, and leave least surplus for rent. On arable lands the avenge proportion of rent to the gross produce may for the exemplification of our purpose be taken at a fourth. That would be 250 . of the 1,000!. Hence, it is evident that the whole falling off cannot be m ade up by reduced rent, which in that case it would extinguish. Manifestly this neither ought nor need be. On further inquiry it will be found that a large share of the cost of cultivation bears an exact proportion to the price of produce. One-third is part of that pro duce itself. Seed, labour, and many items of ex pense, may, in fact, be reduced to simple produce, and cheapen with it. Let all parties, then, who derive en interest from land unite in meeting the present case of necessity, be it great or small, permanent or temporary, be it removable by fresh science, and outlay, or be it not. Let the farmer estimate his capital, as the manufac turer does his, when he takes stock yearly. Let the landlord submit to what every owner of every other kind of property has suffered, a degree of diminution of income or of profit, to be recompensed by activity and success. And finally, let both landlord and farmer put their shoulders to the same wheel, the wheel of reform and retrenchment. For the other great item that weighs upon the agricultural as upon every interest, is taxa tion. Taxation, we have no doubt, can be more fairly equalised. But if we proceed at present to mingle the question of equalising taxation with the strife of agricultural and non-agnoultural in terests, the result will be that the profes sional class of politicians will befool both, and by setting one to fight the other, keep up the ex penditure, and consequently the burdens upon both. All present taxpayers are not too many to enforce retr , nchment, and if they split, the result will be that the same amount of taxation must be raised from the land, as will as from the other property of the coun try, in whatever shape, or by whatever name, parlia mentary jugglers may please to arrange it or to style it. The English farmer now pays two rents, one for his landlord, the other fur the taxman to live on. Protection promises to enable him to pay both. Let him not trust protection, which can do no such thing. Bat let him treat reform, which will cut down the sewed, or tax-rent, and lighten the land Tore than any possible number of shillings in cern A MOVEMENT has begun in the united parishes of St. Giles-iu-the•Firlds and St. Georg.‘, Bloomsbury, for a reform in their local administration. A number of the rate-payers have, in this age of log ry, set them es/vas to compare the amount of rating in the united THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1850. with the amounts in the wig* @global's L a tt b eins " sad the result has Use wagon bat satie fielley. They led that while the ate-m*lo St. PINSON 1•01111111111.1 at IL 2d. to the ''po=i, those et Is. kw% Inseniastei,*at la Old,, these of Bt. Bosom-Kure at le., aid those et Bt. Max =the-Fields at 1041., their own rates ere no less than le. ed. in the pound. The rate-payers of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and St. I Amp, Bloomsbury, happen to be rather of a mac- deal tern of mind. They value knowledge °Melly with a view to its useful application in the badmen ci life. As soon, therefore, as they had ascertained that their local ' taxation wee so much heavier they that of their neighbours, they est themselves to dissever bow this same about, mad how the matter might be amended. Seeing that their parish affairs area administered by a vestry to which a local am has imparted rather an oligarchical and irresponsible ismpirdes, while the neighbour parishes are under the pooehions of " Hobhonse's Act," it struck them that, by adopting this act, and thus imparting a mole popular character to their local institutions, they might have a chance of getting their local burdens alleviated. Experience is in favour of the affirmative view of the question; for the rates in the parish of St. George, Hanoveraquare, have been reduced nearly one half sines the adoption of the " Hobbouse Act." In the same practical spirit the parties who insti tuted these inquiries forthwith organised themselves into a "parish association," to promote the introduc tion of Hobhouse's Act" into the united parishes. And that all things might be done civilly and in order, a deputation was appointed by the association to wait on the rectors cane request their co-operation. An interview was granted, the rectors listened to what the deputation had to say, and intimated that it was their intention to return their answer in writing, " as being more reep.ctful to the householders whom they [the deputation] represented." So far all had gone well; but from the subsequent proceediegs of the rectors, it must be confessed that their ideas of " what is respectful" appear to be of the strangest. On the mate day that the "answer in writing" of the rectors was transmitted to the association, a printed circular, containing the answer, was delivered at the houses of all the parishioners. The answer purports that the rectors " Sad themselves unable to co-operate with the association." This, in the ordinary acceptation of tks words, might mean that they intend to stand neutral in the controversy ; and perhaps, on a purely oracular question, neutrality would have been the most becoming ground fur the spiritual guides of the parishes to maintain. But the rectors go on to express a hops that the aseeciation will, "on farther reflection, save the neighbourhood from the evils of a parochial struggle ; " and to declare that they "can not withhold from the rate-payers generally their earnest advice, that they will not engage in a move ment, which, is their consciences, they believe to be fraught with danger, and which cannot produce any countervailing good." This is the most comical way of showing "respect" to a body of men we ever heard of ; w promise to return them an answer, and instead of doing so, to turn round and adjure their fellow-parishioners to stand aloof from them as dan gerous characters. The rectors are ex officio chairmen of the vestry of the united parsides, and their circular must therefore , be regarded as the msnitesto of the existing vestry. A number of the parishioners haw) intimated that it is their intention to have the sense of the parish amer taiasd as to the expediency of having the %wavy re sesistituteri under Hobhouse's Act," and forthwith the rectors, as organs of the old vestry, i.eue an =cyclical epistle, adjuring their parishioners to have nothing to do with t h ese men, who are revolutionary and given to change. The motives for abstaining front participation in the movement held out to the parishioners are partly argumentative and partly minatory. The argumentative are of the kind usually resorted to on such occasions. The ri eters, in the first place, give themselves and their colleagues a high character for " respectability of station and personal character," for "general ability," for " pr:.ctie,al knowledge," for " sound judgment," for "cheerful and persevering nevotedness to their duties," &c. &c. &c. It is highly probable that to these representations the parishioners wid reply, " This is mere sett- prnise ; it may or may not be tree; as the vestry is at present appointed, aa.d under its mode of managing business, we nave no means of knowing whether these encomiums are =- served or net; bat the system of election under' Hob house's Act' would place us in a condition to judge." The rectors proceed to argue that the parish affairs are managed better and more economically under the existing local ect than they were in 1830. This is not exactly the question ; the complaint of the rate payers is that they are not so well and economically managed as in other London parishes at the present day. Besides, the improved management of the vestry is questionable, on the rectors' own showing. They state that the average of poor rate, county rate, and watch rate for ten years previous to the passing et the local act was 43,0001., and that now it is only 16,0001. But they omit to state that the number of paupers maintained by the parish in 1830 was 8,600, *ad that in 1849 it was only 2,300. The number of paupers maintained of late years is less thaa a third of the number formerly maintained, and yet the annual expenditure is more than half of what it formerly was. This indicates an increased, not a reduced expenditure, in everything but the relief of the poor, and the reduction on that item is due not to the vestry, but to the new poor-law. The rectors betray their sense of the hollowness of their representations' by going on to assign reasons for an increase in the paving rate. Reasoning of this kind is not likely to have much effect in inducing the parishioners to stand aloof from a movement for bringing the parish under the provi sdons of " Hobhousts Act." And if the rate layers of St. Giles-'n-the-fields and St. George, Bloomsbury, resemble the average of London rate 'payers, the threat held out to deter them from joining in the movement is more likely to have the contrary effect. They are told by the rectors that if the asso ciation persist in their intention, they cannot long without entailing . on the parishioners at urge the expenses of litigation." This is really cool insolence. It is in other words to say, "Do not in sist upon rights which an act of parliament has con ferred upon you ; for if you do the vestry will oppose you by vexatious litigation, and pay its expenses out of the rates they exact from you." The ratepayers of the united parishes know better. They know that by "Hobhouse's Act" (1 and 2 Wan IV., c. 60) the churchwardens on being applied to by fifty of the rated parishioners must forthwith take the vote of the parishioners for cr against its adoption ; and that it the majority of the parishioners vote for its adoption the whole of the ratepayers must be summoned (by a notice of 21 days on the church doors) some day in May to elect their vestrymen out of the resident householders assessed upon an annual rental of not lees than ten pounds. There need be— there can be no litigation about the matter. The parishioners have the power in their own hands to get an open, freely chosen, responsible vestry. We say " responsible vestry," for at present the rate-payers of the united parishes have no means of compelling their vestrymen to render their accounts publicly. Hobhouse's Act prescribes that the perish accounts shall be open to the inspection of all the parishioners, and that on the day of electing vestry men the ratepayers shell elect, out of persons with the same qualification as is necessary for vetarymen,,five auditors of accounts, whe shall not be members of the vestry, or concerned in any contract with the parish. The general character of the rector of St. George's, Bloomsbury, makes it difficult to believe that thevery extraordinary circular upon which we have been commenting expresses hie deliberate sentiments. It is more probable that, from a gocd-natured desire not to differ with the oligarchs of the vestry with which he is at present obliged to ace, be his tansented to put his name to a document, the drift and purpose of which he did not clearly see. This comes of the absurd arrangement by which good men, entirely absorbed in the spiritual duties of their office, are called upon to preside at a beard for the management of secular affairs. They inevitably become mere instruments in the hands of the dexterous secular tacticians by whom they are surrounded. It is to be hoped that the rectors of St. Giles and St. George may see the necessity of diwntbralling themselves from their misleaders, otherwise it may be worth the while of the rate payers to inquire whether the ex qicio right of parish rectors to preside over vestries, so generally taken for granted, ;has any better ground than an implied opinion of the ecclesiastical courts, end a dubious pro viso of the act 38, °soma 111., c. 69. • PARIS, iIATMIONT, HALT-PAST 6, P.M. The kw ces primary sesame hes hem used, bat with many antendatente, which will diminish the centralising effects which the 'nicotine had given to it. As amended I find that several partisans of free education voted he it, whilst the legitimists, apart from a few deluder, voted against it. The kw u now paned, k worded se Mews: Art. 1. Primly iamenstissia sea insai Is specially pined under the median, of dm Art. 2. The eseasiessi tee Ql7ll anted by the nominee drweakessmem, sea &ems by it, either mon the laity, vsmag ties as bms of isas associadene • nisi is inseste sad nesgalmi by the state, the emeaditee efaiswing itself relative to NW that., se the wishes by sae musidpi masse/ d the seaman e IP Ibis wish the aaainlpat enema goy ladies* lss ; bat thesemsalttee ma make Its Ames swag ethers them the endidslis so pr=t i by nnsent Thu talkies wee shots amen foe set Issise&g he the resegaissil eatbsile wan*, from lisle Inseand by dm pow tartan se braelhe assisterles. An. 3. Is the seem) melded for by stet IS et the law et :sae 22,1870, the per may reprimand, empead, er miss taselters. Se may dismiss then In a Colwell of Pre fecture, after haring taken the apinien of the Osemehtee of Arrondissement, the teacher so dlsmissed hawing a right te appeal to the Minister of Public Instruction in C. of the University. The committee must give Its opines within ma days. Art. 4. A teacher who is die:aimed cannot tiontisse te exercise his &natant during the preeeedices of hit appnL Suspension can be pronounced by the prefect with or with out privation. The duration of the suspension cannot exceed six months. Art. b. No teacher, when dhadesed, can open a prints school in the commune in which he had exercised the fear does from which he has been removed, nor can he be coo. maned teacher in the ease department. Art. 6. The Committer of Arrondissement remains is vested with the right of suspending teachers, suds, res officio or on the complaint of local committees, as ordered by the 23rd Act of the law of June, 22,1833. Art. 7. The provisions of the bill of 1833 remain in fore*, in all that is not contrary to the present bill. Art. 8. The present law shall not remain in force men than en months. The changes wrought in the law as originally pre sented are to be found in the second article, where the cabinet desired that the prefect should have the nomi nation, and not the committee of arrondissement, sad in article 3, where it was proposed originally that the prelet should dismiss, whereas now he is to be fet tered by miring the advice of the committee of arron dissement. The Bth article was also an amendment, but peremptory as it was, it did not satisfy the legi timists, who, in order to make sure that the transitory law would not last, moved on the lead of M. Leo de Laborde, that " if, at the expiration of six months, the organic law on primary and secondary instruction shall not have been voted, all the decreer, bills, and ordonnances, which at present direct primary instruc tion, shall be virtually abrogated, and that branch of instruction shall be completely free." This amend ment was rejected, and the law voted as a whole by 385 to 223. The debate on the organic law on education will commence on Monday next, and it will lead to an immense debate. The Chamber will not go half throrgh with it, however, for the law will be rejected, and then the little law will remain in the code. This is what the government expected : that was their intention in proposing the small before the great law; bat they have been much disappointed in the changes made in the small law. What will they say when the Chamber rejects (which it Is sure to do) the motion for increasing the pay of OOP ' commistioned cfficers in the army ? The hostility be tween the executive and legislative powers will then be at the highest. The President cannot safely how ever do anything unconstitutional. Tie budget is not voted, the committee having carefully withheld from presenting their report for some time past. The effect of this postponement would be that the budget not being voted, if the president attempted any un constitutional proceeding the chamber would call on the people not to pay taxes. The rumcurs of which I have riven you notice are however more than ever rife. M. Hubert Delisle has put a motion on the paper, fur inert asing the pay of non-commissioned naval officers. At the same time, M. de Parieu is con cocting a plan for increasing the pay of primary teachers, which from 500 f. a year will be increased to 600 f. This fresh charge will amount in the budget to 500,000 f. There was nothing of any interest in to-day's sitting of the legislative assembly. The mixed Commission of Public Worhs, charged by the Ministers of War and Marine to examine the different surveys made for the purpose of fortifying the port of Havre, so as to place it beyond the risk of any bombardment, has adopted the following recom mendation : The number of forts to be erected for the defence of Haire shall be three. A local commission, composed of the chi, f of the engineers, the engineer of the port, a superior uffici r of the navy, the commandant of the artillery, and an officer of the marine artillery, shall be charged to verify and rectify the chart of the coast and the mouth of the Seine ; it shall !eopose the proper points for the erection of the torts, the number of guns, the quantity of ammuni'ion, the sire and proportions of each work, and the expense of their establish ment; it shall also examine into the influence which these works may exercise on the currents, on the soundings, the displacement of the sand bank., sad every thing connected with the navigation of the port. Tne project for the defence of Havre will not be definitively adopted until this lJeal com mittee shall have made its report. SUNDAY, 5.30 vie. The legislative power represented by the Assembly now in existence has been from the first unable to cope with the executive. It could not, or dad not, exercise its preponderance efficiently under the coin iparatively parliamentary sway of M. 0. Barret. It has done so much less under the more despotic rule of the President's personal policy. The struggle has become one of cunning on both sides—cunning and discreditable to the one as to the other. Confident in the good faith of the executive, the Roman and La Plata questions were voted by majorities which com plaisantly as regards some parts, confidently as re gards others, left the door open for the executive to do as it pleased. In the Roman affair every one knows what has been the result ; reaction is triumph ant, and the French Assembly is humbled. In the La Plata affair the government obtained a vote by staking promisee to some, and working on the fears of others. Those promises are destined not to be kept. The fears that were created never should have existed. M. de Rance, when he presented his amendment, affected to believe that an expedition to La Plata—small indeed, but of sufficient force, as he thought—would be sent out to strengthen the negoti ation by their presence. The government did not deny its intention, and under the effect of these half whispered promises, gained the necessary , victory. M. de Rance might have known from precedent—one cannot accuse him of knowing from fact—that under this apparent acquiscence, the cabinet concealed the fixed intention of sending out no forces at all. So it is, however. The paragraph of the government print to that effect is plain, sod supported now by con clusive evidence. There will be no expedition. All this of course is exclusive of the question of expe diency, of which you are the best judge, but my object is merely to show the small cunning by which things are done here, and how the executive have gained their point. On the other hand the legislative power exercises the small ingenuity which it pos sesses to stop the proceedings of needful public business. Committees delay their reports. The budget is withheld. Ne•essary laws arrested in their course; and yet in the midst of all this it is expected that the country should be prosperous and contented. The result cannot be long doubtful ; one or other of the antagonists must soon succomb. To return to the La Plata affair, and to the inten tion of government, I find in to-day's number of the Napollon, which now confesses to being under the su pervision of the President himmelf, an article which , begins thus :—" The following report, which expresses I the opinion of government on the La Plata question, semi to to of the greatest interest to the public, esprcially after the long debate, in the midst of which this affair his been put in so many false lights.' Dien follows the report, which is an extract from a document sent to the minister of foreign affairs by M. de Mareuil, minister of France at Buenos Ayres. It describes the fettility of the two banks of the river, duet) populated by a jealous raor. That populasio.. on the event of war, would Hock together to its several standards, and the land would become uncultivated in those parts where cultivation is active, whilst its the %elide the flocks would no longer bo tended, and the skins wnich they produce could no longer be brought to market. It is from these considerations that peace is necessary, for without it there would be tin immediate cessation of trade. But in order to en sure peen, a powerful and lasting government is requisite, and such a one exists at Buenos Ayres. Cienuita RAN, ikolxled, and he is kind to foreiguers; ea • palm need only martieu that km years ego there were 4,000 Frenchmen in Bassos Ayres ex 'whin, their Neveml trades without hindrance. At Neste Video, on the contrary, there is no regular go verment. and pease alone can ensure the r opera= et cm The report then proceeds to show how peace can be maintained, whether by the fusion of the two states into one, at by the emblems of both kept allied by common interests and dangers. The first hypo thesis is at once admitted to be impossible. Row cannot and never intended to conquer Uruguay. Even if he would he could not, for the interests and passions of the population of Buenos Ayres would oppose each a course. Monte Video would be too pm a rival to Buenos Ayres, whose inland trade she would monopolise ; ssides, the power of General Roam would be in danger of perishing were it exercised in so wide a field. The only course left, therefore, is to allow both re publics to exists together. atters so stood before 1838. It was to re-establish that very order of things that Roam and Oribe spent their efforts, and to coun terbalance which the French used all theirs. The intervention has thus been the cause of all the evils of La Plats. Let the intervention cease. Let the foreign legion at Monte Video be disarmed. Tee system organised by Mr. Rood's treaty is good, and should be adopted. Such is the course advised in M. de Mareoil's despatch; Inch the course that the French cabinet declares itself ready to adopt. I have said that the Napoleon admits the presiden tial supervision ; it does so by saying : "The Emperor Napoleon often gave the Moniteur its political direc tion, though he was not its editor. Is the President forbidden to do the same either in the Moniteur or in any other journal? As for the Napoleon, it will endeavour to express, as much as is in its power, the ideas of the President of the republic, without pre tending to have its very words and ideas taken for those of the President hunself." On the whole, the present number of the govern ment weekly print is more clever than the last; it is lees forwar d. It returns to the subject t f the presi dential responsibility, and persists in saying that it is essential that the President should be completely free in choosing or dismissing his ministers; for, if a mere vote of the Legislative Assembly taxa overthrow them, the President would become responsible for a policy which he could not direct. Under the consti tutional monarchy no bill had force of law unless it were sanctioned by the three great powers of the state. But as now the Assembly aloi.e makes laws, and as, when once they are passed, the President must put them in force, the Assembly would at once be judge and executor, and the President might be put on his defence for acts that were not his. It is not, there fore, from pride, or from want of deference to the Assembly, that the President asserts his entire liberty , of choice, but because he knows the spirit of the new institutions under which be governs, and, in his view, it is even the most modest course he takes to reduce himself to the legitimate part which is his in the rigorous execution of the most democratic constitu tion that ever existed. Though the Nap'kon thus condeseeeds to explain, it does not hesitate to continue its attack on the Legis lative Assembly ; it complains of the false lovers of order, who in words are always ready to support the executive, but who are oftener hostile than friendly, for the simple reason that they seek to satisfy their interest rather than to strengthen society. It shows that the accusation cast upon the government (of wont of action) is deserved fur more by the Assembly, which purposely delays tie budget, and hes not a.: yet touched one of 35 protects submitted to its deli berations, and it quotes as applicable the words of M. Desmousseanx de Givre to the moderates of the Guizot majority : " Nothing, nothing, ni thing." It is curious also to find the Ely-ean journal praising up the absolutist governments of Aus•ria and Spain. ITALY. NAPLES.—Our correspondent writes. NAPLES. JANUARY 4. Sicily is again exciting considerable interest. The dissatisfied state of the whole island is now ackaow h dge d by those who pointed exultingly a few months since at the innumerable addresses to the crown, con- I gratulating his Majesty on the triumph of the loyal troops. It was said these addresses represented the ft elings of the majority, although it was well kn..wn that they were " got up" by the mayors and other newly-applinted officials, quite indepertent ..1 puolic opirion. Events are now showing the reel velum of such documents. The island is full of concealed arms, and in some instances the possessors have suf fered death for holding the instruments of vengeence ; add to this, w.tain the lut few days some fl:ty or sixty persons, including lawyers, traders, and other individuals of the middle-classes, were arrested in Palermo and Catanis, and taken off to Messina. General Filangieri has eent for more troops. The national guard of Palermo no longer exists. Sueh events betray di-content on the one hand, and on the other a government vigilance which acknowledges fear. The discontent appears to have arisen out of new taxes, which the Lard Lie utenant nas thought proper to impose with a view of repair- Me the dilapidated state of finance. &me twenty millions of ducnta are to be raised on government se curity; to meet which taxes on windows, on mills, a stamp duty, and, I understand, some other minor objects, commenced from January 1, 1830. The impoverished state of the country will r. nder the collection of these taxes exceedingly difficult, and their imposition occurring at a period when the Sicilians are told by public decrees that they are to be governed as a province of Naples, bees excited universal discontent. Ido not imagine any important movement will take place. The prisons will receive more victims—poverty and misery will increa-e, and secret hatred for the government continue. It does not appear to be the policy of the Neapolitan government to conciliate, but rather to terrify and op press—to reduce the resources of the nobility, to in corporate the middle class as much as possible with the interest of the crown, by the creation of endless petty officers, whilst the labouring population must exist like swine on the earth. Such is the patent system adopted by his Sicilian Majesty, and faithfully executed by the "popular" Filangiei i. Had the king shown any of that generosity which his friends here and in England so loudly proclaimed, wounds would have gradually healed ; and the intro- duction of an intelligent, open, and honest govern ment might have mingled the recollection of recent independence and freedom with the existing royal rule. As it is, the prospects of Sicily are indeed gloomy. I have nothing new to communccate about the Pope. His Holiness remains at Portici. The town is full of reports about his return to Rome, bat I am still of opinion Pius IX. is as far away as ever in a political point of view. A messenger arrived three days since from the Roman States with important despatches, recemmencVng, it I. said, his Holiness not to return. I believe the Pope has no fear. himself, but it may be the interest of those who surround him to create them. Proposition 10 is sleeted ; but the committee declare that it is not eassenstitutional to establish a special court of law for the trial by jury of persons accused of high Weenie. Propwition 13, respecting the validity of ordi nances, was rejected, and the following amendment adopted : "The authorities are not to question the validity of ordinances, so long as wither chamber shall claim the right of co-operation." BERLIN, JAN. 10. The most important of the alterations given in my letter of yesterday (see Saturday's Express) are, of coarse, those under 4,5, 8,9, 10, 11, and 13. The real import of which I will mention in a very few words :-4 secures the social, and 8 the political, ex istence of the Pruden aristocracy ; 5 renders the re spunsibility of ministers a mere illusion ; 9 secures to the government the right of so arranging the electoral districts as to paralyse the democratic influence in any one particular part of the constg by joining it to another more conservative district in the neigh bourhood ' • 10 prohibits trial by jury in the most im portant of all criminal caws, namely, political ones ; 11 secures the irresponsibility of government officials towards their inferiors, and places the instruments of the executive power in a position above the read!: of the law ; 13 destroys ell the political influence of the courts of law of the country in opposing the nefarious attempts of anyabsolutist tyranny, an influence which your English courts have so often exercised with such great success. The Second Chamber has been occupied since the recess in dismissing the budget of 1849-50. Most of the items referring to the iidirtot taxes have been passed. It is already rumoured that several fractions of the opposition will oppose these alterations, but with what success remains to be seen. VIENNA, J.&?!. 8. .... Our Vienna correspondent assures us that a change of ministry is imminent. Prince Schwarzehburg has lost himself with the court from his rashness and blundering on the German question. The order was given to the Austrian troops to enter Saxony. This order was communicated to Count Bernstorff, who thereupon protested and announced that it the order were not withdrawn, since S army had not applied for the assistance of Austrian troops, the Prussian troops would receive commando also to cross thec l Saxon frontier. Thereupon a telegraphic despatch was sent to the Archduke Albert to revuke the order given. The bad k i tire which the foreign minister has made his government cut in this affair has fairly wrecked his diplomatic reputation, and he is now in imminent danger of being turned out. Wind,sch gratz, it is said, will take his plate as President of the Council, with the portfolio of war. Prokesch Oster is arrived from Berlin PRESBURO, Dec. 30. A paragraph has gone the round of the German papers, giving the world to understand the the mother and children of Kossuth have been ea t at hberty ; that upon leaving their prism at Pcsth they lame to Vienna in order to provide themselves with a passport to Turkey. The only word of truth in this dory , is that this " noble old mother,' tv.th her three grandchildren, le ft their prison at Peeth, but it was to enter a new jail at Preshurg : and such a jail ! When these helpless beings were coos'i,ened to the hoseital of the Schloss-berg, the cholera and typhus we re both raging there, and "D. ath busiest front conch to couch tended the sick." The ch lera avid ty plats have done their work, ano death is not so busy now among the patients; the grandmother and the three little Kosauths are still there, think God, all welt. Yes, thank God, and not the Austrim.s for :hat. The children consist of two little boys and a girl. The youngest boy in a charming lute I how, full of intantine malice. He say s to the Austrian officers, " Wait : I will draw you papa's picture ;" and then he scribbles one of theca naive ovals which pass current with such artiste for sym bols of the human head divine, with a IA of scratches at one end for the beard. &totes times he pretends to smuggle som ,, thirg in as he passes the sentinel, who cries out, " Show me what you lr..ve in your hand, sire h!" The little 84, after some yh.em reluctance, expands, and shows—nothing! Then off bounds in res".sies of laughter, such as trizht have bur-t from Puck when he, a fat and bean-fed horse beguiled, neighing in like ne as of a filly foal." Will it be believed that these two helpless women, Madame Damjareich and Madame Leitanger, after the execution of their husbands, were nut only de eriled of all proper ty in laud, iaterited in their own right, which is con rary to the Hungarian law, but rot even suffered to retain a fraction of the pereornl property of their husbands? Nay, even their ward robes were sacked, and their dresses and trieke:s +matched from them. It doe's credit to the citizens of Arad that they would not bid fur those articles of senate apparel when put up to puhlic auction: tor that they deserved th" blessing of Damjani , h. The dresses were knocked down without civil competition cheap to Austrian officers. Leiningen was an aecom (dished scholar as well as soldier, and had cAnposed a history of the war. This manuscript, secreted with jealous care by his widow, who valued it more than her jewels, dii not escape the narrow search to which her effects were exposed, ani was also torn from her possession. Hundreds of harrowing facts, which have never oozed into publicity, are current in the society of this city, from which they cannot escape even by the po t-office : no one who wished to remain at Presburg more them twenty-four hours would have the impru dence to commit to a letter aught which could shame the government. As this will reach yell by a private haud, I am not restrained by the same scruples. There is a young lady here,the betrothed bride of Lopresti, one of the Hungarian nobles who was degraded to the ranks. The last news she received trom her future husband, who is in Italy, was that he had re ceived fifty blows with a cudgel by way of GERMANY. PRUSSIA.—The Cologne &sotto of Sunday pub lishes several telegraphic message from Berlin, dated the 12th. 12 A.M. The committee of the Second Chamber met on the previous evening, to deliberate on the royal proposals for the alterations in the constitution. The whole di the ministry were present. The first proposal, to strike out Par. 29 (referring to the press) was adopted by 11 to 9. The second, referring to the Landsturm, was voted unanimously; as was the third, respecting the Biiraerwehr. The fifth proposal, respecting the responsibility of ministers, was unanimously rejected. and the proposal for lengthening of the durations of the Chrmber, was rejected by 11 votes against 9. The ninth proposed, ref., rring to the electors ' . districts, was rejected. The committee thee adjourned. 7 P.M. Hopes are entertained that en honourable Contpro- . miss will be come to between the government and the Chomhers, respecting the proposed alterations in the coustitution. The eommittee of the Upper Chamber hes decided on instituting a general dis cussion. 9 P.M. The resolutions of the committee of the Upper Chamber propose : The adoption of propnmtioee 1,2, 3,4, 6, 11, 14, and 15. (See Express of Saturday.) The rejection of propositions 5 and 12. (See Expreu of Saturday.) i Proposition 9 has been adopted with the following Proposition : " Electoral dietncts may consist of cne ur more distriote, or of several large towns. TURKEY. Our Paris correspondent, writing yesterday (Sun day) evening, stye: News has arrived to-day front Constantinople, of the 31st nit., that the Turco-Rucsian question was well nigh settled. It is considered so here, and evi dentiy has been for some time, for the government has received intelligence that the French fleet has left Ourlac. The direction of the fleet is not given, however. The following is from the Debate ; CONSTANTINOPLE, DEC. 31. The week which has just passed has been spent in negotiation to arrive at a definitive solution of the question of the refugees. The only difficulties came from the Austrian embassy. Russia, wishing to end the matter at once, consented to sign the resumption of relations with the Porte, but the Austrian ambas sador refused to join, and the Porte, seeing the im possibility of overcoming his resistance, proposed a new wording relative to the internement of the Hun garians, as follows: "After the expiration of a few months, when Hun gary shall have been pacified, the Divan, having advised Austria, which paver will be allowed to make known its observation, will cease the interne ment," This wording was accepted ad referendum by M. Sturmer, and then M. de Thoff went to pay his offi cial visit to the grand vizier. Ahmed-Vefik Effendi is appointed to the Danubian provinces, in place of Fuad Effendi. Kossuth has arrived at Schumla, which !place he gained vid Belgrade. There is a talk in Paris of the resolutions expressed by certain powers of forming tte Danubian provinces into an independent state next spring, the European powers guaranteeing its existence. Sweden has, it seems, written to its minister in Berlin, to take steps to prevent any attempts of aggression spinet Denmark. I Lord Palmerston has sent instructions in the same 1 sense to the Earl of Westmoreland. Prince' i Schwarzenberg has expressed the same intentions and no doubt a entertained of the support of Russia in the same sense. P.s.—The English fleet has had orders to return to Malta. Iharswa.—The Gazette pul?lialses the provisional constitutions for Austria above and below the Ems lad for Selsburg. The former is to elect 17 representetnei from the highest taxed, 17 from the title. and market towns, and 10 for the parishes. Austria below the Ems is to elect 68 de puties : 23 from the highest taxed, 25 from the towns, and 20 from the parishes. fisleburg is to elect 7,8, and 6 members in the respective categories. They are elected for four years in each. A general meeting of the shareholders in the bank had taken place, at which a most decided opposition was mani fested towards the plans of the Minister of Finance, and R dividend of 40 fl mins tel.) was decided upon. The issue of the rosined shares was not mooted. The report that the state of siege is to be renewed wry sondify Le law confirmation. The Emperor of has forwarded to Repaint a number of orders and decora tions to be dirribated among the officers, according to hi s own idea of their merit. It is said that Hermon Prokesch is to be removed from Berlin to Constantinople. Accord ng to the latest census the population of Vienna amounts to 383,095. Zbe Court. WINDSOR, JAL 12. The Queen and hie Royal Highness PrinceAlbe . rt, with the royal family, and attended by the Marthiot.e, of Douro, the Earl of Lietowel , Colon. I Hn. R. Boyle, CA....el Hon. Charles Grey, Lord Charles F..zroy, and C .bowl Sty. mour, drove to Fregmote this morning. His &iv.' li lt ,. nese Prince Albert, with the gentlemen in sitei.d.oee, e“- joyed the diversion of skating on the ornamental wetir in Progmore-grounds. The Queen stet her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent were present. The Marquis of 13readalbane and the Earl of Liverpol left the Castle to-day. There was no addition to the royal dinner party this evening. JAN. 13.—The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, her Royal Highness the Princess Itoral, the tull e s and gen.lemen of the court, and the domestic houieh.od, attended divine service this morning, in the private chapel of the Castle. The lion. and Rev. O. Wellesley officiated. There is no addition to the royal dinner pary this *Awing His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited her Rlyal ll,ghcess the Duchess of Gloucester co F at Gkucester-house. Sir George Grey returned to town on Satutdiy from a visit to the puke of Bedford at Woburn-shl.y. COLONIAL APPOINTMENTS —LienteColOnti George Brodie F , commanding the Royal Artillery at S , . Helena, is appointed a member of the Council of that Wand. Jam. hiqqab (Receiver-General), W. Stake, and 'matt M'Cudrly, Eire., are nomitst , d members of , heßix:4m* Cquucil of Tura Reltia R-fijamin Simpson Hou,li on, Thomas Boddie, and Veit!' Carron, Esqrs., are apt oire.vl members of Council at the Mauritius.—(6server. DEATH OF IDE REV. DR. DAKINS.—TIic j. p W. W. Dakiw, D.D. ant LL.D., expired on Tnur,d l) at his residence at Dover. The Rev. deceased .s Ii i.tor , ,; St. Magnus, London-bridge ; of St. Michael. Cr., we, ;s • , and V.car of Asheldon, Heim. He was Chaplain e, and Chaplain of the Fore, s from March. 1810, up to Iht4; Chsplain a.,d Librarian to his late aryal Duke of York for nearly lily rears, and late Pr c.."! r : W. wminster Abbey. Tae Rev. Doctor was in year. REPEAL OF ADVERTISEMENT DUTT.—A s'r eftwt will be made in the oming serti^n 01 p, meta to obtain • repeal of the t.: on advert n: Looked at MOM asp noun a view, this tut pettiest and most mi•cl.ierous on the Chancellor's nr advantnee as a source of r• venue beers no tol, rsb: p tient to its cisadvantetses in other respects. 11r.t..i the Exchequer the comparatively inconsideraY. 150,0001. a year, it acts en the eoevemieoce of mwemischievously thaw would ten times the am,u, ;771 - differ, nt snaniter. Ia effect is, to . totpode to an i m extent advertieemtent im jlornals. In Ame~in, is who wishes to lend or to tire—to buy or to cell—n . n - w;;Ii - tO - b - 1; townsmen tot a ehilliult; the eame.r.t. men' in England would ct,t him fireiiiillinFsa• this difference in east is the smallest min .- of the cv eineequeace of the freed m :root taw on, the Am j urcals are chesp,—tV4 r% body reads them. The is therefore sure of hi• m.rket. There is seam. •ingle thing that one man Lan to offer which then. 'time other maw who want■, if the means of finning Inter by a medium of univi ' , al communication were • -• baked. The English joust els are de,r—ar.d are r a• comparative taw. The advertiser is therefore driv, seize on waste walls, lb. , o‘s of empty houses, he ..t of bridges, the insides et omnibuses, the outsides u. 1-nit vane, end whetever surface is certain to nie, • public eye. and can evade the tyrannical le••• the advatieement duty. Even thus, the ant. • meat that would he effictivtly made in New is a dozen newspapers ; tor as many ahillinat, n - - s he pictured on the walls of London at a cost many pounds to insure an toutl amount of • 'yang office losing its ..1,12e notwithstanding. The wr. galls both veep. By the exaction of the duty the newep,, is kept down in circulation , and thus rendered a worse r vertisirg medium, and the buyer and seller are forced no. mode of soliciting the public attention which involve• more cost and trouble. In the case of literary works str, , at cheapness the case is peculiarly hard, the cost of the si advertisi ment sometime. Amounting to more than the a r. pr. fit of author and publisler on works which are sue. ss We have heretofore point d nut other evils which under the forcing process of this duty. This and the p, r stamp are among the most fruiztul causes of that p q .. ignorance which statesmen affect so much to cepl AthemPum. TIIE NELSON MONUMENT. —On Friday Aiiht t: . . _ . pTeuti,e, of Megan. Wood, brass-founders, in 11.i.d.r., • garden', were broken into, and a eonsiderable qurnwy ornamental moulding connected with the ntorumrnt immo.t.l Nelson, which that firm was bro: sing .• . • from their workshops. It is sincerely to be hoped that efforts the police are now making to recover thr property may be sueetwful. or a more serious de ay to th national, but neglected tribute, must necessarily occur. TUE NIAGARA, Captain Ryrie, sailed trom Lre pool on Saturday. for Halifax and Baton. latsn FistitlttEs.—We undtratand that a nu: of noblemen and gentlemen of influence held a prelim meeting in the metropolis yesterday, for the purpose vising a systematic , plan fur developing and workinz Irish fisheries.— Ireekly Chronicle. THE WEATTIER AND PARKS.—YeaterdllT -- - - thermometer ranged from 32 to 35 degrees IFatirr-.h , wind N.H. with occasional falls of snow. The orn.rt, waters of N.H., vsrious parks were firmly frozen and ire thronged with thousands of skaters and sliders. The 1: Humane Smiety stationed n number of extra icemen on •t different waters, in order to prev ent loss of life, but the —...... being nearly five inches in thickness proved equal to severe test to which it au subjected. Owing to tee aline, ,5 state of the thoroughfares, a great many ae.cidents have be.. received at the different hospitals, two of which have term nated fatally. Last night the mercury fell to O'2, sited N with every prospect of emetinuous frost. POST-OFFICE SUN Doti LABOCIL—A correapoe l er' at Winchester states that the Sunday day mail on th,. Ls , ' - Western Railway ceased yesterday, in order to taeaie the mail guards from Sunday labour. LONDON QUARTER SEUSlONS.—Saturday beir •! day for opening the sessions, the Recorder, with Sir • Can-nil, attended at ten o'clock, but the constitution 0! Landon ses.ilis requiring three aldermen, and only being pre eat, the business could not be proceeded wait near 12 o'clock, when Alderman Carden and Ithlcra , • Mu•grove were requested to attend, in lieu of the two a r meat, Finnis and Thompson, whose names were next en • ruffs to attend with Sir G. Carroll. MELANCIIOLT DEATIL—On Saturday an was had, by Mr. Bedford, at the Westminster... Vivi. )1.- kenstreet, Millbank, on the body of Edward 11 dd. , : 53, a gentleman of independent fortune, residing at N Holyw.ll.street, Millbank. The deceased left 11,,¢r Thursday forenoon, well and hearty, and teenier n 1 • private business in the City, and on his return do: • seven o'clock to dinner, be was noticed to reel shout •'. drunken man, which appeared the MOSS eatraordinars , he was a person of very abstemious habits. Shortly a'' wards he complained of pains in his head, and 1,11 d,.w" a. verily cut his head. He was picked up in a *ens , • state, and the parties about him, supposing him to he fug under the effects of intoxication, allowed the daces , • reiniin in that state, unassisted, for two hours. e!••• becoming alarmed at his continued insensibility. &trio.: whole of which time he was labouring under steran•. breathing, a surgeon was called in, who tried to 1,4 ;. but deceased died in a few minutes from serous re which wee discovered on a post-neaten ctsamiskatou the jury returned a verdict accordingly. SUDDEN IEAXII3.-ISQUEnTe.—On Thursdn. the Queen's Read Tavern, Amalie-street, Walwortr. 7 • on Itichavd Salmon. aged 74, a wood turner, cerrsir:• business at No. 2, Amelia street. On Tuesday the aro.- proceeded into the yard, to wash his face and heed.. .• while so doing he fell to the ground insensible. Mr. oil' . • the surgeon, was called in, but deceased died from the , of apoplexy.—An inquiry was also taken at the Nen •r• Arms, King-street, Rait- lane, touching thi•'lleath of IZi ' Purcell, aired 61, who died suddenly atter being t Aro the street, having mattered some time from asthma in • ease of the heart.—On Saturday, at the Weymouth mouth.street, Now Kent-road, Newington. • I Ann Egg. r, aged 19 years, a servant t". ploy of Mr. Theephilus Lewis, a surgeon, .1 4, Brighton-place, New-Kent road. On Wednesiliy in• ing last, at an early hour, whilst dressing. she with a tainting fit. Mr. Lewis wee celled ue and eve.' the deceased, but she was then dead, having on day drank a quantity of gin and ate rather too init.' . deceased died of a tit, arising from bronchitis. day another case was taken at the Lard Nelson, street, Newington, as to the death of Jane Linehan.: 71, a widow, who was attacked with a violent tit .1 ••' ing, and expired without medical aid.—Another intpth,; arter•sardt held at the Norse and Orcom, W•sl."." Newington, concerning the death of ?dm Ann aged three months, who was found dead in bed oa morning, having died in a fit of convulsion.. A s.' " Natural death' was recorded in each case.--• 4", ". quests have been held lately in Itotherhithe, Peat • Lambeth, and Camberwell, on the bodice of Pe"' . * 4tlYll .4%1 in a siaular rammer. HOLLAND. The S,cond Chamber, which was to have met en the lath inat., has been further prorogued till Tues day, the 29th inst. The Chamber of Commerce at Rotterdam has sent an address to the States-General in favour of tha pro poled reform in the navigation laws. The chamber will most probably adopt all the proposed alterations, with the exception of the abolition of differential duties 1 on exports, from Java.