The Express. — London, England, 1860-01-18 00:00:00

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Kraft el the Reuse Table. annum reale, isd retest; Nike L. Zee*. Mb. U. Mar. LYCEUM. Ti. Evasive , PT. MASTS EVIL Prime eikee—Tle d. fitipintalig hs tiCLAS . l4 ""in t ?Mg Gila; AMON. Nem J. 1 : YlDBuie JAWIIIIL lb Vane Or Onsl Wt. Ayi MAXI OP NORVAL. rem. a. NM Ors Pt. Ors Ir e PA ili l lonaTlMllllrerrpok.-A W017811114.LD hts T. Me Wysdka-aumll las pasimine, 111102•JIDJUD V. 11111111 TAX la. Tom rvilinn. law Wei pwitiafts. mailed !CM OP 1.13i1117,• et. Moan NM Ms. sod IF Miles. Ned Aarilds. Zama Yana. lads. sad • Olunis hisphow-4d 11011Aal %Lk; wale Am •A Resehp. MOH WALT= AT LONDON SJUDOI. 4,411W41510N. Ilk Ma. w.Magales.l,lb. les LONDON, WEDNESDAY; JAN. 18. WE receive from Turin the important intelligence of the,resignation of the Ministry of General DELL MAI/MORA, and the return of Count CAVOUII to power. The fallen Ministry was not wanting in patriotism. It accepted office at a time of great and general discouragement ; and throughout its coarse it has had to contend with miasmal difficulties. Its caution and patience were most weal in the dark days which succeeded the Pesos of Villa/ranee. Bat it outlived the circumstances which gave value to these qualities. Its caution became pusillanimity, and its patience often looked like servility. It has not only been out qual to the task of leading Italy, but in the general recovery of national spirit it permitted itself to be left behind. Under its administration Pied mont was rapidly losing its influence in the Penin sula, while its unconstitutional activity at home, manifested in the unnecessary multiplication of laws which ought to have been reserved for the delibera tions of the Chamber of Deputies, dissatisfied the Sardiuian people. The growing discontent of the nation has found abundant expression in the English prom so that this morning's intelligence from Taria sea take no one by surprise. But in the eyes of Italy perhaps the greatest fault of General DILL* MAIIIIOIII and of Signor RATTAZZI was that they occupied a place which by every title belonged to Count CAVOVIL No other statesman is competent to direct the affairs of Pied. moot in the present crisis. Great difficulties have yet to be overcome—difficulties which only a man able to command the fall confidence of the Italian nation can hope successfully to take in hand. Should no untoward event binder the formation of a CAvot:a Ministry, we shall see Sardinian policy putting on its old 11,31117 and directness, to the immense ad vantage of Italy, and of every European State. A witrrra in the last number of the Rdimburgla Renew undertakes to demonstrate three things: first, that the people of this toiletry are not seriously burdened with increlaing taxation; secondly, that they are not heavily t►xed as compared with their ceighbours; and thirdly, that oar method of raising the balk of the current revenue by means of indirect taxer, if not perfection, approaches as nearly thereto as may be. if zeal in a doubtful cause, and intrepidity of assertion in a cloudy controversy, were all that is requisite, our high-tax essayist would be a useful defender of the existing system : for he has no lack of industry in collecting arithmetical ammunition, and apparently no susceptibility to fatigue in the nos of all kinds of statistical weapons. But few discerning friends of ravish expenditure and indirect taxes upon ousumption, rather than direct taxes opou property, will probably thank their self-appointed defender for hie usetions in their cause. There is a seal which is not according to knowl, dge ; and there is • knowledge more suicidally deo germs than unambitious ignorance itself. Here is a man evidently elate with the hope of ehowieg how lightly he can wry whole pack loads of domestic and foreign blae-bookr. lie is clearly b. at spat playing the acrobat in statistics. In no other way era we account for the maws of iecouttpiential, if not irrelevant, matter with which ear way through his pages is blocked up. There is literally no getting on : and when for • few pesos we ertm to gain breath, and to have aiseped frees the heaped, half-broken stones of rugged avenges anti lame per reships, esdalealy we flail emosives plumped knee-deep in a craapess, whit mesa us almost content to get upon the dry, but undentlY, footing of 111-arranged fact again.• In the first place, then, we are assured that in pro portion to population our annual hardest. have been "rattly and rapidly, If not quite steadily, diminish " hog since the beginning of the century.* And what is the proof adduced ? A commie= of taxa tion per bead is five different year., from which it appears that in 1801 it was forty-three thillings; in 1816,seventy-six ; that in 1821 it had only got down to fifty-two shillings and sixpeoce, and that although for ten years preceding the Russian war it had fallen to thirty-eight, it had re-mounted in 1868 to forty four shillings and twopence per head. And this is what we are gravely told to regard as a rapid and vast diminution. The pressure of public exaction is next compared with the capitalised value of real and personal property, estimated according to a wale, the rules of conjecture in forming which are very imperfectly revealed to ne. To judge from the writer's rare inaptitude for appre ciating the value of fact., we can place but little reliance upon the accuracy of the mode whereby he arrives at his thundering totals of thousands of millions. Bat whether he be right or wrong in this part of his calculations signifies really much lees than might be at first supposed. Over-pressure of taxation is the question ; but when we are asked what over-prewar. means, we certainly do not reply—an excessive per centage on the aggregate wealth of the country taken in a lump: and it is no answer whatever to the charge of onerous, un equal, and oppressive exaction to smart that on an average the country can very well bear the amount which its tax-muter, lay upon it. It is mere mystification and jugglery to talk of the country being taxed 68,000,0001., and of its having something like six thousand millions of 'realised property out of which to pay them. It is the people that are taxed, not the country ; the people, all the main articles of whose consumption are en hanced in pries by indirect imposts, and who cannot ailord out of their hard earnings in too many cases to pay such enhanced price —not the arithmetical abstraction called the country, with it. huge hoards of lightly taxed treasure, and its vast hereditary domains depopulated for pleasure, and rendered exempt in a great degree from fiscal liability while made subservient to luxury and show. It WSW more to the purpose to analyse the Laboarer's ten shillings a week, or the bookkeeper's five and thirty shillings a week, with a view to show how either could bring up a family decently out of such earnings, when forced to pay taxes upon so many of the prime elements indispensable to exist ence. If he does not pay rates and taxes in his own name, he pays them in increased rent. Part of this so doubt is borne by the landlord, but part also falls upon the tenant wherever house rent is dear. He is taxed on sugar and tea, on coffee and spirits, and a number of minor articles of consumption, for all which he deserves, according to the Reviewer, neither consideration nor sympathy ; because, as we are told, strictly speaking, none of them are actual neesesarien and became when buying them he doe, not know how much goes to the producer and how much to the State. It is, indeed, quits true th►t the prime cost, the retailer's profit, and the charge for revenue are so blended together that few can dis entangle or dix:riminate them, in a pound of tea, a stone of sugar, or five gallons of ale. But u for these things being luxuries, which the humble and bard-working man may dispense with if he likes, shoes and stockings, bonnets and hats, knives and forks are superfluities also, we presume, in the inhuman estimate of popular life to which those are driven who undertake to defend our present rate and system of taxation. Not the least amusing and amazing portions of this strange production are those devoted to what is called, with unconscious irony, a refutation of the oft-repeated assertion that French and American taxation is lighter than ours. Through a very heavy shower of figures we make our way to the conclusion that the dissimilarities between France and England are so great as re gards central and local taxation that no practi cal inference eta fairly be drawn from any compari son. Whereupon we are instantly presented with en elaborate contrast of the two dissimilar things, and a so-called result is shown favourable to our neighbours. Thirty-nine and fivepence per head is stated to be the average contribution of Frenchmen to imperial taxes, against forty-four and twopence which we have the superior honour of contributing. But to this latter, the writer himself admits, should be added—though, as PETRI PINDAII would say, " he remembers to forget" to add—the proportion 0(16,000,0004 paid in this country in poor rates and other local taxes, the like of which does not exist on the other side of the Channel. There is nothing, however, like writing to a climax ; and the climax accordingly we reach, when mea suring fiscal rods with our Transatlantic brethren. That a young and unindebted country, remote from warlike neighbours, might, without much economy, contrive to do with leas revenue than Great Britain, most people, we suppose, will admit without ergs meat. But, inapplicable though the elements of the comparison may be, they are rattled together, as if only to prove more glaringly than ever how contrary are the two systems. The sum total of local and federal taxation in America is shown to be nineteen and tenpence, while oars (imperial and local toge ther) is set down at fifty-four and threepence per head ; and all we get for the difference is the pro found reflection that "nineteen and tenpence a bead " in one country may in reality be a far heavier " burden than fifty-four and threepence in another !" DINNER To LORD DIRRY.—Tho Meyer of Liver. pool has invited the Reel of Derby sad several of the principal manatee of Smith Lsoomhirs to dine With Ida at the lowwheil, Liverpool. The dam of the dimmer le mat at present mmeacei. Two RIGHT HON. J. R. MOWSRAT AND RIR Corann:axvw.-0e Saturday night the Right Hon. J. R. Ilovorsy, see of the members for Durham, addressed a tarps meeting of tie Inhabitants in the Town -bell ; Mr. W. L. Wharton oemereed the abaft. Mr. Mowbray coonnencod by a defence of the _Derby government, of which h e was . member. Hiving girmeed at the debate, which terinieatel is the overthrow of hie party, the right bon. gentleman moo to the question of parilameetary reform, which he cmeidered likely to absorb the attention of perliatnent daring the coming eoaeioe. He should be prepared to give him calm and deliberate ameliorates to soy weli.oonsideeed measure which her M.isulys government might fwroduce, and having but lately been connected with a government which dielproposs, whateverfaeltmigtitbefoond with it, • very large end very comprehensive measure, and one witlt would beim miry coomiderably extended the francbiee to the intellifeet Mesessof working met, he had thereby proved his Capacities to promote any will-omaidered measure of parbarneetary rs fem. • alight &Osaka to foreign affairs., end the forma tion of rile corps, ocncluded the speech. A vote of thanks was monde/ es the right hon. gentkuten, amidst some illosser„ OCTAGINARIANS TN THIS PLERAGE.—Lord Sinclair la tiro drew nisi.r of lb* peerage of Um Unload Kiaadow, bowies boos bona la MS, aged, Tiara is Wears will, bo has bald taw bassets of lb. pomp far sr law tins 84 years—a we Wino ' , Most prworiart. His lordship so • • member of lb, Haus of Pesos, His mooed le flosasb wrasiallausa pomp as Use lata gams' elasias. The eldest imembore of the How of LAw at this wiemeat we Lord Lyadaarototed the Karla of Bsair so d oadaked, lobe tom Mom is 1773; sou follow lboo Awitilabap of Arms% sad Lord Oelehermore, bore in 1773; Lards Geromesolos sad Seer. sad the E ar l e o f Cliertimest rod Daedeseld. ben Is 1775; the Zed of Orem, thii Slay sf RwAtar. sad Ifacenat floathwell, bsea is 1737; Us Haas of Boawarlay war /femme. god Leafs llosanliem Arbetlieett, bora is 17711; mod the Leis of/wind Nam; sad Leeds fieesh sad Berea. bomb 17$. etic Gen. WINDSOR CASTLE, Jax. 17. IfEn Deane of Bent, attended by lAdy Fanny Emma and Mtn V. Wortley, REIM her Majesty after din ner yesterday. The royal dinner party Included En Prince of Wales, the Primus Allen Majer-Osneral the Ran M. and Mrs. Breen We Boa. Mrs. I'. N. Diddelpi, Re James Clark, Captain Grey, Major Elphlsikee, RR., and Vlsooruit Sydney, who arrived es a Ask is lb alkensen. The bead al the Oresedier Needs played daring (thaw, owertaie. " Ls Le dm Mar' Amboy. Palealoa. " t/Imme " , Weber. Pen 5eet2:6 0;1 1,—" . 1.• Ws WesolL" Illa I..." The Mead Quiet Minh. Pmeated bOs Pam a *YU liar Majesty's prleala bawl afteeresie peclonasd it Ha drawing-room overti;ra .................... r a lly Terseto." maw" asiestios."lis Part is bbar Asper. The Qtrs.' and Priam Cowart walked in the growl& of Ike Castle this morning. Hie Royal Hlglineas afterwards rode oat on horseback, attended by Llent.-Colonel Ponsonky. The Prison of Wales went oat hantiag, attended by Major- Gomel the Boa. R. Brace and Captain Grey. The Duchess of Kent visited her Majesty at the Castle to-d►y. A deputation on the sobjeot of the Enfranchisement of Chokes, had an interview with Sir George C. Lewis yester day, at the Home-ofiles. The deputation consisted of Maim. Byng and Banbury, mw for the county; Mown. Torres* SCCullagit, Arohbutt, Rabbits, White head, Pinch, Ball (churchwarden), Trapp. Our, Danoooke, Perry, Walker (elitism of Board of Guardians), Collier, Lawrence, Luta, Pratt, Dr. Dipkek (churehworden), De lany, Powell, Bream, Newman, Jones, sad Hulse. Mr. MeGarel, chairman of Madam handholds's, sad Mr. fitainforth, transacted heminsee at the Foreign-odes yeast day. The Doke of Newoutle arrived in ken yesterday from his seat Clamber-park. The Poor-law Board held en open and public investiga tion, at their dike in Whitehall yesterday, under the statute of last session (22 and 23 Viet., o. 49), on an application by the guardians of the poor of the city of Oxford fur leave to pay • debt, which application was opposed by a ratepayer. The guardians wers e ileented by Mr. Honsynten and the ratepayer by Mr. W ; sad Mr. Bonner, Mr. Daman, Mr. Ma ll en, liar . H. all, Dr. Adams, and Mr. Jacob, of Onkird attended the lnvestigmka. Mr. Hughes, bon. engineer, Mr. Wyatt, parliamentary agent, and Mr. Beal, hon. secretary, had an interview with (kr G. C. Lewis, at the Home-aim, respecting the =HIV- Pais Pc Despatches from the Governors of Canada and the Bahamas were received yesterday, at the Colontal-oflioe. Despatches were sent to the Lord High Coramiesioner of the lonian blends. His Excellency the Ambeasador of France and the Confer de Paolo, left Albert Gate BOWS yesterday 'limo= for Windsor Castle. Madame Rucker, the wife of the Minister-Resi dent from the Hanseatic Cities, pee birth to a daughter on Monday last, at her residents In Baton-square. The mother and infant an progressiog favours*. The Earl and Countess of Clarendon and the Ladies Villiers will return to the Grove, near Watford, to day, from visiting Lady Marion Alford, at Ashbridge Park, near Beekhanmatead._ The Earl and Countess Spencer have been enter taining a large party at Althorp during the pest week. On Thursday the festivities included a series of tableaux einem, followed by the fora of Me Ra, Duswimod, sad con cluding with a ball. Among the oompany were the Mar chioness (Maria) of Aileebury, the Karl sad Camille' of Cook, the Countess of Sefton and Lady Cecilia Molyneux, the Countess Dowager Baum and Lady Sarah Spencer, Lady Au.!uata Seymour and the Mims Seymour, Lord and Lady Overarms, Colonel •od Mrs. Loyd•Llndeay, Boa. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Lyttelton, the Marquis of Hartingke, Viscount Ropers, Lord Charts* Emus, Mr. Merlon Magmas, Mr. Allis Bathurst, Mr. Keightley, Sir George Wombwell, Mr. Frederick Seymour, Captain and Mrs. Boyle, Miss Boyle, Mr. Frederick Byng, ha. The Earl and Countess Verulain are entertaining a iciest party at Gorhambury Park, Harts. The Countess of Cork has left Althorp Park, the seat of the Karl Spenoer, on a visit to Lady Marion Alford, at Aahbridge Park, near Berkhampsteed. The Right lion. iiir Charles Wood will moo to lowa to-day, from Mickleton Hall, Yorkelike. Ledy Mary mad Mir Wood ewe expected on Monday. Among the company now at Brighton are the Duchess of Marlborough, the Blahop of Jamaica and lb, Misses Broom Lady Vassal Webster, Mr. Lawrence and Lady Jane Peel, Lord end Lady °marlßs, the Earl and Countess of Ewen, Lady Asbbrook, Lady Williams, Lady Mary Hood, air William Ooodeooogh Hayter, Bart., Lady Hayter, Mr. Charles Gilpin, M.P., Lady Edward; air Wil liam Fraser, Bart., sod Mr. Peacocks, At the annual soiree of the Pontefract Mechanics , Institute, on Monday night last, Mr. R. Y. Mimes, M.P., descanted at considerable length, and ia an Miami* styli, upon the studies which were laid open to the members of mach institutions, and showed that there was hardly any one study which did net receive some illustration trom pass ing events. Alluding to the importance of the study of history, be told his beareis that above all things it was valuable to study and understand the history of their own country, and especially the history of what was going on in their own day—of the event' in which they themselves look part. EXTINSION 0? THE 847VIDitY KALI& HOLLOAI MOVEMENT. We have mach pietism in reseeding the progress of the Saturday half-holiday sovanatt at the west end of London, where a large number of establishments in the woollen trade have late)) open be dose their houses at three o'clock cot Saturday an strudel:Dent which is sow being carried out, and which we her le likely to extend into other trade% Melodize the large tailoring establishments in that part of London. We may hope that now this move ment has been made at the wen end, the beneets of the Saturday half holiday will be embraced by many other &- porta:was of trade, and we are glad to learn that newel of the large book-hoagies have for some time pest adopted an hour of closing on Saturday afternoon se early es two o'clock. Our leaders we aware that efforts have bean in progress for some time to procure the slowed of banks at two o'clock on Saturdays, and we cannot but hope that endeavours which have been so long in pewee for this purpose will moodily be crowned with menses. Now that the Saturday half-holiday lau been so grearally adopted, and the principle has ben so extensively affirmed as eats and juat, sad particularly (so fur as the pretreat Juncture Is cocooned) es it becomes an slumst inebspensaba auxiliary te the tornistkm of rifle corps, it is much to be desired that the banking establishments should nu longer occupy the anomalous position of seeming to check a movement weich onset possibly be adverse to their We nn, teeing that It is adopted so generally by the trading establishments of the metropolis, and le even extending among the retail dealers. With this question the early payment of wages stands intimately conected, and the la cewing provinces of this system among large employers of labour greatly mods to facilitate the further adoption of the half-holiday. The extent to which the practice of closing at 3 p.m. on Saturdays hew extended among the woollen hones up to the prawns time, ma _y he men by the following list : timers. Lewin and las ; Lead W. Locke, sad Mr. H. Adis, Regent-street. Meows. Sint and Wright; Balgood. Jonas ▪ Wilsoo, and Mr. C. Kober, Vigo -street. Messrs. Landon sad Holland, and Mr. H. Llewellyn, Old llood-streee. Mow. Hardy sad Son, N e w Bon-mas Memo. Cobbett sad Jahns; Roberts sad eon; F. and J. Elva, sad ileitis' , sad Co., Setikmlle-street. M. ILennerley, Sea& end Reenerley, and Mr. J. Matthews, Sanle-row. Mr. J. Carr; Menem Stones and Wain; Mr. J. Cooper; and Mr. W.P. Wenon, Warwick-inset. Mow. Broughton and Haat, Oxford-street. Mr. 3. Crimp, Vise-neat. Mr. W. ficerkatt, Illiarylsboseestrest. Mr. li. Waft", Mill-street. Messrs. Genuses, Ouldes-equera Masora. Addington end Co.; Bull and Wilson; Hill and flos ; Holt, lineal, and Hate.; Stevecson and Collard; Coles sad Co. • Hayward and Co.; Lamb and Hackle ; Platt sad Co-, Blitherwiok and .1001114 St. Martin'e-lans. The Gazette of yesterday gives notice that the °indicate granted by the committee a/ bar Mejeety's Privy Council on Eduowion, under the Inditetriel &hook Aol, 1857, to the Beth Butch& ladastrial Bahard, haa been with drawn. ARRIVAL OF TIM LORD-LIINTERNANT IN IRELAND. —Hie Excellency the Bari of Carlisle arrived he Kingstown Harbour on Monday night at forty minutes past nine in bawd the Priam Arthur, epochal 1314ilatenseer, from Holy head. On reseeding the Beet pier, a salute of tweitywee guns was had boat her t~ysey 's ship Ajax, and he ais er minutes the mew= was y akepM. the lady. His limey looked in the nosessidow of good health, and shook heads warmly with Meier Deese, Cep , ain Willie, the Hos. Mr. lesem, and the other sentieween who west ot. board to receive bias. His Exediestcy wee ecoonapanled by Mr. Ratchet', privets asordery, sad the Hon. A. Ellis, A14..d. 3 . Cawirls-Waking, A special tots was is readiness to e .0- vey Ids fluene•cy sad des viceregal party ,land town. The his maenad et three minatee yet tea o await swivel at Obi W sed-resr heeniatta within ten minutia. The vice roy! earnagee were in waiting, and otanyed his EzosUesey awl party to the eastle, where the viceregal =art win remain he In. winter autos.—Bwreesieadleireled. IYENING, JANIT. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE AND ROME. REFUSAL OF THE POPE TO CEDE THE ROMAGNA. ROILY, JAN. 17. The official Giornale di Roma declares to all catholic. interested in the preservation of the States of the Church that the Pope, obeying his conscience, has negatively replied to the counsels of the Em peror Napoleon. The official journal also states the reasons of the Pope's refusal to cede the province of Romagna, which is now in insurrection. The Nord of to-day says that the Papal Court persists in turning a deaf ear to the voice of reason and justice. " Oar amounts from Paris state that the attaché to the Nuncio, who was the bearer last month to Rome of the despatches of Mgr. Baoconi, has returned with a reply from the Pope to the letter of the Emperor Napoleon. This reply is nothing else, it appears, than a protest, terminating in a formal refusal of any compromise." THE PAPAL RECRUITS. A letter from Vienna of the 13th says :—" h the ranks of the volunteers who are being enrolled here for the papal service, are several Austrian officers, amongst others, M. Pilate, son of the Councillor of the Chancellery of that name, who has exchanged his epaulette of lieutenant in the Austrian gen darmerie for that of captain in the papal army." SARDINIA.—RETURN OF COUNT CAVOUR TO OFFICE. TURIN, TIIZSDAT. The official Piedmontese Gazette announces that the King has accepted the resignation of the Ministry, and has charged Count Gyoar with the formation of a new Cabinet. Count Caionr will present his Hat of Ministers to morrow. SWITZERLAND. BERNS, TOSIDAT, Luc. 17. The National Council has taken into consideration the report of the Federal Council on the affair of the Valley of Dappe, and hu toted the following reso lution : " Considering the nature of the negotiation in the affair of the Valley of Dappe, and considering the actual state of political affairs, and being convinced that the Federal Council will know how to protect the dignity and the national interests of Switzer land, the Assembly leaves the direction of the affair to the Federal Council." SPAIN. MADRID, lAx. le. The division Rice has effected • landing on the banks of the river Tetuan without opposition. The forts did not reply to the fire of the Spanish squadron. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, MONDAY. The Duke of Montebello has applied to the French Government for leave, in order to accompany his wife, whe is unable to habituate herself to the Russian climate. The French Ambassador will leave St. Petersburg as soon as the weather permits. INDIA. BOMBAY, Dic. 27. Markets extremely dull. Cotton, 2rs. to Sm. lower. All descriptions of grey goods and twist lower. Freights slightly hardening. Linseed in demand, at Ors. 10a. per mound. Ex change on London, 2s. lid. to 21. lid. Money easy. SARDINIA. 0110111 001 owx cenianaronlisatr.) TURIN, lax. 13. Now that the Congress has become most no certain, Count Cavonr has thought it better to return to his seat at Leri, but he leaves the minis try in a most difficult position. Ministers, in fact, are not equal to the emergency, are no match for the circumstances of the time; and if the country does not oppose them very strenuously, it ls because the good practical sense of the nation per ceives how necessary it is at all oasts to keep united in the face of Europe. In Lombardy, however, where political experience is in its infancy, there is a more openly displayed discontent against the ministry. The people are excessively displeased there with the precipitate change introduced into the whole administrative system, by an abuse of the full powers which were conferred at the outset of the war on the government, and which it has tenaciously grasped beyond the limits of necessity. The government, it is true, has dismissed properly enough certain persons generally believed to have been well affected to Austria ; but then, this was a family question, so to speak, and the Lombards take • pride in the free institutions they enjoy. These home affairs were all but forgotten and merged in the consideration of those foreign affairs which immediately concern the whole nation. The an nexation of Central Italy is the thought that fills the minds of all, and should Rattaui display ability and energy in the negotiation, he might recover en tirely the love and confidence of the people. But what chiefly causes concern to us all is to see the convocation of the Chambers so loog delayed, and whether by chance or design the tenor of the new communal law, es well as that of the new electoral law, leads us to suspect th►t the Chambers will notesit before the end of March. The session may possibly be kept back till the middle of April. Such being the case, the country has no very efficacious mode of in kenning the government, or exercising great moral pressure within the confines of strict legality. It is the want of such control that the " Society of the Liberal Union" is endeavouring to supply, and its ranks are being rapidly filled by the most indepen dent political personages of the state. Garibaldi is at Fino, in Lombardy, where he is taking to himself a wife. Perhaps it is as well for the moment that he should return to private life,and there hold himself in readiness for new exploits in the field, which have become not altogether impossible. He has written a letter to Sir James Hudson, asking him why he had so unfavourable an opinion of the " Society of the Armed Nation," now abolished. Sir James, with his well-known and national frankness, and in accord ance with the great ■ffiction he bears the Italian cause, replied to him in these terms Seeing, General, that an armed nation was rising by the side of the King's army, and a committee for the consti tuency by the side of the King's government and ministry, I wished to know to which of the two governments I, the representative of Queen Victoria, was accredited P" Garibaldi himself smiled on read ing this graceful pleat of irony. Most of the imperial courts of France have re orntly received from the litigator of State a full-learth portrait of Napoleon 111., to be placed In the halls where they hold their sittings. All the prefectures of the country end most of the great public, establishments have received similar promote. _ . A Gibraltar journal announces that Baron Jame. de Itotheoldld, el Pares, has sent 25,000(r. for the Jews who lave tad to that ptaoe from Morocco. GARIBALDI'S Box.—The youngest son of the petrlot le et parr stadyieg et a school kept by sn haiku gendenten et New Brighten, as the Cheshire M 4 of the Mersey. Young Geribaid le, it Is said, a most geosidag youth. N 18, 1860. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (This Oil OWN CORILESPONDENT4 PARIS. TI MM EVENING. . _ Lord Cowley returned to Park this morning. I state the foot now from my own knowledge. The French and Belgian journals last week were not content with announcing his return prematurely, on the strength of a telegram falsely stating that he had left London for Paris, but they gave particular. of his interview with the Emperor, and noticed his discreet taciturnity at the last Tuileries ball. News has arrived, and will of come reach you by telegraph, that the Piedmontese ministry has re signed, and that Cavour resumes the post of Prime Minister. There was a rumour on the Bourse that Rattaari's resignation was owing to a difference be tween the courts of Turin and Paris. I think it, however, much more reasonable to regard the re iteration of Cavour as a symptom of agreement. M. Thonvenel, Minister of Foreign Affairs, hei arrived at Messina, whence he has telegraphed to Paris that he will be here on Friday evening. At 3 o'clock this afternoon the Emperor paid a farewell visit to the Prince of Orange, at the Hotel Bristol. The unusual sight of the imperial carriage with outriders, at the door of an hotel, attracted a considerable crowd in the Place Vendome. The Prince of Orange leaves Paris this evening to return to Holland. The Bourse was very doll, although the news that the admission fee will be abolished was still believed. The Rents, after &totaling be tween 69fr. 20c. and 681 r. 95c. closed at the latter price, for account, with a fall of be. The last cub price was 69fr., the same u yesterday. Mobilier left off without change. Railways were about 2fr. 60c. higher. The Chamber of Commerce and the Tribunal of Commerce of Bordeaux have voted addresses of thanks to the Emperor for his commercial letter, and propose to send deputations to Paris to present them. The weekly commercial review of the Presse re presents the state of trade u being without change since last week. It repeats that the new year's sales in the retail shops were not satisfactory, and states that they were below the average of the last five years. Cereals are very firm ; and, although buyers are as yet indisposed to pay higher prices, a riee is confidently expected. The Bercy wine market, in which such extraordinary activity prevailed during the latter months ;of the year, has been very calm since Jan. 1; and, although the arrivals per railway have considerably diminished, demands have fallen off in greater proportion, and there is now a glut of merchandise. Nevertheless, prices keep up. The rise in wine and spirits during the past year is immense. Good old Bordeaux, which in January, 1859, were selling for 450 fr. the barrel, now fetches 1,000 fr.; and Languedoc spirit (34. 6d.) have risen from 711 r. to 130 fr. Armagnac brandies were noted on December 31, at 150 fr. against only 60fr. a year mg°. M. Girard, the leader of the orchestra of the Opera, fell from his seat last night during the repre• sentation of the Huguenots, and died in the course of the night from the effects of the rupture of an aneurism. The Court of Caseation yesterday rendered a highly important judgment, and one especially in teresting to all English ladies who, having been set free from matrimonial bonds by Mr. Justice Cress well, may be desirous of taking a French husband. A lady, whose name the delicacy of French law re porters veils under an initial—Madame B—, was born in the English colony of Antigua on June 2, 1819. In 1841 she married a Dutchman at the Hague. Three children were born of the mar riage. In consequence of a quarrel with her hus band the lady left his house several years since, and with her children came to live in Paris. By the law of Holland a divorce a vincula may be pro nounced against either of the spouses who, without justifiable cause, may have lived away from the conjugal domicile for the space of five years. In January, 1858, Madame B husband caused her to be served in Paris with a writ, requiring her to return to her home. She declined to comply with the requisition, and thereupon the Court of Oho Hague, at the husband's suit, made a decree for a divorce. Madame B— wt, thereafter, according to the laws of her husband's country, a free woman, and, being a protestant, she had no religious scruples in the way of a second marriage. In the spring of last year she engaged herself to a Frenchman, and the banns were published at the mains of the 10th Arrondissement. The mayor refused to celebrate marriage, alleging that divorce a vincula not being recognised by the existing code, a Frenchman could not be married in France to a woman whose first husband was alive. The refusal of the mayor was upheld by the Tribunal of the First Instance, and (on appeal) by the Imperial Court of Paris. Both these court, held that the clause of the French code, prohibiting divorce, was a law of pub lic policy, from the positive injunctions of which the personal capacity (le statist personnel) of the foreign woman was insufficient to relieve the French man who might wish to contrast marriage with her. Madame B—, who all this while remains un married, appealed to the Court of Caseation, and in court M. Procurear•Qeneral Dapin, in a speech of marvellous lucidity (he is 78 years old), reviewed the whole law on the subject, and submitted that the courts below had miscarried. He came to the conclusion that although no Frenchman can divorce his wife, a Frenchman may marry in France a foreign woman legally divorced aooording to the laws of her own country. The Court of Cessation, adopting M. Dupla'. arguments, reversed the judg ment of the Imperial Court, so that Madame B— may now take the husband of her choice. MANUFACTURE oF ANTIQUITIES.—The Academy of Sciences of Munich has just seat one of hi members, M. de Heftier, on a special mission to Rheizzabern and the neighbouring Wailes, in order to Inquire into a singular branch of trade which bee sprung up there of late years— viz., a wholesale manufacture of counterfeit vases, eta :tilt and other articles, being perfect imitations of Undo known to be of Roman origin, sad found in the dietrice. The small town of Rbeinzabere, near Spires, is known to be one of the moat ancient in Germany ; it is mentioned In the Itinerary of Antoninus and the Tbeodosian map, and has for centuries enjoyed the reputation of possessing a soil rich in every description of Roman relics. Baena Rhenium states that in his time "arcs of baked clay, containing the ashes of Roman patricians; also Sarcophagi, engraved gra:4one stones, and red vases merle by potters," would fre quietly be dug up at Rheiezabern. In the last century, acbcrifilx likewise mentioned the fact of many antiquities being fnind about that place, and his own museum contained several ; some very interesting collections have also been made by private persons at Spires, Rents, and Landau. M. Schweighreuser had some of those articles lithographed some tears ago, and the library at Strasburg also powwow some Roman pottery found at Rbeinzabern. Not many weeks ago M. Mellinger, a notary, Lurid a lot of very cartons ones, still in his possession. Many of these antiquities having naturally changed hand. at profitable prices, the idea sown suggested itself that it would be a good speculation to manu facture some, and accordingly Germany was soon inundated with a vast quantity of pottery said to be of Roman origin, and very well amented too; but this mey abundance soon titled ruspiclon, and M. de Hefner le now engaged In ex. poring the impowure. After a minute invegairsam, b e hse arrived at tbs conviction that the wystrrioue manufactory is not at Rbeiczabern, but at Mentz, which plea b strongly ag=ed of having produced an su'ique ivory casket, so y imitstert as to hays been parchand at a k%h price tor the BAUM limenza. COURT OP AI.DEZWEN. A Court of Alderman was held yesterday at Guildhall, the Loan Maros presiding. Taa cirf From reports premanted by tie sheriffs, it apiearsd that the proms number of inmates of Neargate. is 67, against 87 at the 00ertspooding period lam year, and e number in Whitscrose-street prison at present is 197, sgalait 216 is January last. 111 CINTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. Mr. Alderman CUBIT; Chairman of the Gaol Committee, brought up a report of a resolution of the Court of Common Council, authorising the execution of farther alterations and Improvements in the prison of Namur). He said, how ever that since that resolution was agreed to, he bad re ertivid information that her Ilsjeety's government con templated some change in the extent of the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Court, and ea this might involve some modification of the proposed alterations in Newgate, he thought It better that they should stand over until the court had faller information as to the intuitions of goveramixit, and therefore moved to refer the report to the Gaol Com mittee. The motion was agreed to. STREET ACCIDENTS. Mr. Alderman BAwKolts said he wished to call attention to a matter of very greet importance, and which had recently oome under his notice while sitting as a magistrate at Guild hall. He alluded to the number of people who were run over in the City. In one day, shortly after Christmas, no fewer than four such cases were reported to the police at Guildhall while he was sitting there; and he believed that if there'd ex tent of Injuries so unstained were known, very great astonish mint would be excited. He had himself no doubt that the number of people run over to streets exceeded the number injured an railways; and se a *react knowledge of the facts was rearnary to preoe arrangements that might be made to mitigate the evil, he moved that the police commissioner should be requested to make a return of all cases of people run over witch the City and reported to him during the year 1869. The motion was agreed to, and the court adjourned. CITY SEWERS COMMISSION. The Commissioners of Sewers met yesterday at finlklitall, Mr. Deputy Center's In the chair. THE POLICE AND THE PrBLIC LAMPS. Mr. ABRAHAMS submitted the following motion, viz. t-- " That Mr. Commissioner Hervey having ordered the police • constables to discontinue making reports to this comnundon respecting such public lamps as have not been lighted, or give but an important light, or go out in the course of the night, and the police-conetable• having hitherto performed this duty, it be referred to the Hemel Porpoise Committee (with power to confer with the Police Committee of the Court of Common Council) to consider the subject, and suggest the beet means of securing the proper and effident lighting of the public lamps, which, in protecting life and property, is second only I i n public importance to the polio, establishment itself, and to report thereon to this commission." In the di/curios that took place it appeared that for twenty years past, end up to a recent period, the police, and princi pally those on night duty, were accustomed to make the re port reirred to in the reaolutiou, without any remuneration from the Commissioners of Sewers, but that Mr. D. W. Harvey, Police Commissioner, considering that the men were entitled to some reamispenes for the extra duty which they thus performed, made a demand to the Commissioners of Sewers on their behalf. The commissioners, however, re garded the reports as being properly within the range of police duty, end therefore declined to make any pecuniary allowance on their account. Thereupon Mr. Harvey instructed his awn to make no further report, and hence the present mo tics, which was unanimously egreed to. SANITARY CONDITION OF TER CITY. Dr. Lorimar, the medical officer of health, repotted on the state of 198 houses that had been inspected during the week, and he submitted a list of 26 places that required sani tary improvement, In various pertionlars. There were 66 deaths in the City during the week, the average for the corresponding period of the 4 years being 67. ExaoUy one-third of the deaths were among infante lees than 6 years of age, and 19 were among ponces of 60 and upwards. 11 of these were from 70 to 80, and 4at from 80 to 86. Among the principal wises of death were the fol lowing: 13; pneumonia, 3; phthiade 7 ; voli tional lever wee fatal in 6 cases, amulet fever in 2, whooping cough in 3, sad small-pox in 1 ; making together 12 deaths from symoth affections, half of which were from fever. 65 births were reported in the City during the week, 29 of thaw ware boys and 36 girls. Sr. PANCRAS AND NORTH MIDDLESEX RIFLE Coats.—Lest evading • meeting was held at the Hope and Anchor Tavern, Gloucester-place, Camden-town, to take steps for the formation of a company or companies com posed of the industrious end operative classes, to form part of the St. Procne and North Middlesex Volunteer Ride Brigade. Mr. Thomas Fisher occupied the chair, and said the object of the meeting was to enable the industrious dames to join in the volunteer movement. It was asserted that the (amnions dames had no interest in the movement. This he was prepared to deny, as he believed that the ope rative chases were equally interested with any other climes of the community in the preservation of their hearths end homes end In maintaining the rights of labour, which was the property of the working men. In order to enable the industrious classes to do this it wee essential that means should be re. sorted to to enable the working man to pay for his admission fee and for his uniform by instalments. (Hese, hear.) There was no excluitivenees in the Bt. Pancras Brigade, but the funds at their disposal were not sufficient to enable them to assist the industrious classes as they could wish. Prom what he had heard he believed that some very heavy subscriptions would be forthcoming to aid that portion of the movement.— Mr. Siumionds moved the first resolution—" That this meet ing, whilst cordially approving of the movement for the ester bliehment of the St. Pancras and North Middlesex Rifle Brigade, Is of opinion that atop should be taken to enable the industrious end operative dames with which the district abounds to participate in the loyalty and patriotism of which that movement is the embodiment. This meeting, therefore, considers It desirable that one or more companies should be formed upon such a beds m to bring the terms of membership within the reach of all classes, by the payment of the annual subseriptioa and expellee of uniform by weekly or monthly instalments." Mr. B. White emended the resolution. Mr. Dorman said' be thought that the wealthy classes ought to come forward, and instead of paying a guinea as hon. mem bers per year, should provide • substitute from the working classes, and equip him without say expense to himself. Mr. Austin, a member of the vestry, expressed his conviction that unless all class interests were abolialied in this movement it would destroy its nationality. He most cordially, therefore, supported this movement on the part of the iodruitrimus dames. The resolution was carried unanimously amidst ap plause. A committee was formed to catry out the resolu tions, and to raise • special subscription for the working men's company. Mr. Atietin was elected treasurer, aed Mr. T. Philter etcretary, and thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings. AGRICULTURAL LACOURERS AND THE VOLUNTEER MOVIRRNT.—Mr. Wards , of Yalding, Kent, having com municated with Viscount Bydaey, bird lieutenant of the county, relative to the formation of • rifle corps, to be com posed of farm labourers, received a reply to the effect that the government do not approve of the formation of rifle corps of sgrieultural labourers. itmeteneh as It would interfere with volunteering fur the militia and recruiting for the line. THE NAVAL RESERVE.—This port (Yarmouth) has as yet furnished but few candidates fur the naval reserve, and Gorleston but • single one. This apathy on the part of oar seamen ill in part owing to a belief entertained by them that the duties of the volunteer service would interfere with their regular employment. This belief is shared also by the shipowners, some of whom would be unwilling to employ a volunteer of the naval reserve OR board their vessels.—Fury and AorwicA Post. _ _ HEALTH OF LONDON.—The weekly return of births and deaths in London, iambi by the Registrar-General, stake that the deaths registered In London, which were 1,281 in the first week of the year, ruse to 1,344 in the week that ended last Saturday. In the tea years 1850.59 the average number ni deaths in the weeks corresponding with last week was 1,213; but as the death• in the present return occurred in a population which hes increased, they should be compared with the average raised in proportion to the increase, namely, with 1,334. The comparison shows that the actual number exceeds, but only in a slight amount, the number estimated for the recund week of the year. The deaths from smallpox again rose lest week to 41, of which 8 occurred to p en ,,, Ds between the ages of 20 and 40 veers. Three were recorded in the sub-district of St. Inhe,llarylebone, 6 In that of St. Giles, South. There were 62 from scarlatina, and sof than occurred in Kensington Town sub district. Diphtheria le returned in 7 cases. Six demise which occurred to children ere refined to remittent fryer; two of which took place in the workhouse at Greenwich. Bronchitis rose from 159 in the previous week to 188 last week; and in the name time pneumonia from 98 to 120. Exelasive of Outline and whooping-cough, diseares of the organs of respiration were fetal to 346; persons, whilst the corrected average for corresponding weeks is 310. Nine nonagenarians, of whom the two oldest were 95 and 98 years, did in the week ; also a centenarian (a woman), whose age is attested by the baptismal regieter of St. Olive, Southwark. She lived the greeter pert of her life in Peckham, and died there. A man, aged 72 years, died in the workhouse, Mile-end New town, from effusion .tu the hod., accelerated by want of neceseariee. Of brickl.yars 3 died io the week, of brick layer' wives 4, of bricklaters children 9; of carpenters 6 died, of carpenters' wives 5, of carpenters' children 19 ; of masons one died, of masons' wives 2. of marmite children one; of painters 10 died, of painters' wives 2, of painters' children 11; of plaaterene wives one died, of plasterers chil dren 8. Last week the births of 986 boys and 953 girls, in 41 1,938 ammo /e re registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1850-9 the average number our 1,615. SCAWFELL PIKE.—An ascent of this, the higls i t i mountain in England, was me& hitt week by a gentleman who was staying at the Imam of Mr. William Ilium, of Wseedale Bead. Notwithstanding the mild weather which since Christmas has prevailed In the vallaya and lowla nds, the summit of the mountain was for shoat 800 feet covered with bard frozen snow, which in many places lay in drifts raversl fret deep; and fir about 500 feet in a dense mist prevented the tlinilwr obteining any view, and greedy ine ereeee d the d.fficuity of the deacrat. The ascent wee made without a guide or any other cempanion.—Cureberlorld Teepocg.