The Press. — London, England, 1853-07-23 00:00:00

272 takes the form of a despatch addressed to the foreign agents of the Government:— " Paris, July 15. " Sir,—The new despatch of the Count de Nesselrode has produced on the Gemmed of the Emperor an im pression which his Imp:dal = has ordered me to communicate to you without . "We cannot bet ags tr MAN Russia, at the very modest when the of all tie Cabinets to bring about a estishetery wham or the present dilhaulties testify so cies* te their modsmaties, take an attitude which renders the moss at *sir segelatletes 1101'0 uncertain, and im am seine of then the duty of repelling the responsi- C 1:; which it has in vain been attempted to throw upon their policy. " I should not wish to come back upon a worn-out dis cussion, but as the Count de Nesselrode always alleges in support of the pretensions of St. Petersburg the offence which the Porte Is said to have committed with regard to it, in not holding good the promises which it had made to the Russian legation at the period of the tint regulation of the question of the Holy Places in PM, 1 am forced to repeat that the &mans granted by the Sultan, in conse quence of the mission of Prince Menschikoff, have taken away all foundation for any such grievance ; and that, if there is any Government authorised to raise lefitimate complaints, it is not that of his Majesty the Emperor Nicholas. " In fact, at the date of the 10th of May last, the Count de Nesselrode, who had just received despatches from the ambassador of Russia at Constantinople, congratulated himself to General de Ctuffelbeje,c on a result which he considered as a happy conclusion of the affair of the Holy Places. M. de Kisseleff, at Paris, made me a similar declaration; and everywhere the agents of the St. Peters burg Cabinet held the same language. "The demands presented afterwards by Prince Menschi koff, when the principal object of his mission had been at tained, and when his return had been already announced, were in no manner connected with those which he had got the Porte to socept ; and it waa, in fact, a new question, a graver difficulty, which arose at Constantinople at the very time when Europe, for an instant alarmed, was invited by Russia herself to be perfectly tranquil. " Taken aback, to a certain degree, by exigencies which they could not have anticipated, the representatives atCon. stantinople, of France, Austria, Great Britain, and Prussia,have loyally employed their efforts to prevent a rupture of which the consequences might be so fatal. They have not advised the Porte to a resistance of a nature to expose it to the most serious dangers ; and unanimously recog nising that the demands of Russia touched too nearly the liberty of action and the sovereignty of the Sultan for them toopermit themselves to offer an opinion, they leg to the ministry of his Highness alone the responsibility of settling what view they should take of the matter. There was, therefore, on their part, neither passion of any kind, nor in termeddling ; and if the Ottoman Government, left to itself, did not choose to subscribe to the conditions which it was atte to impose upon it, it must surely have disco vered that were entirely incompatible with its independence and its icy. It "It was in such conjunctures that Prince Menschikoff left Constantinople, while he broke off all diplomatic rebi d.= between Russia and the Porte ; and that the powers 11111181 e by their traditions and their interests to maintain the halegrity of Turkey have had to lay down a line of con duct. " The Government of his Imperial Majesty, in accord ance with that of her Britannic Majesty, has thought that the situation was too threatening not to be watched close at hand, and the squadrons of France and England soon received the order to proceed to Itesika, where they ar rived in the middle of the month of June. " That measure, entirely of foresight, had no hostile character as respected Russia ; it was imperiously de manded by the gravity of the circumstances, and amply justified by the preparations: for war which for several months were making in Bessarabia and in the roads of Sebastopol. The motive of the rupture between the Cabinet of St. Petersburg anti the Porte had, so to say, disappeared. The question which might arise unexpectedly at Constantinople was that of the very existence of the Ottoman empire, and never would the Government of his Imperial Majesty admit that such vast interests should be at stake without immediately claiming that portion of influence and action which its power and rank in the world entitle it to. To the essence of a Russian army on the frontier s of T urke y , it he right and the duty of answering by the presence of its naval forces at Besika, in a bay freely open to the navies of all nations, and situated beyond the limits of which treaties forbid the passage in times of peace. " The Russian Government, besides, was soon to take upon itself the explanation of the necessity of the move ment ordered for the two squadrons. " On the 31st of May, in fact, when it was impossible to know at St. Petershurgh (where the news did not arrive till the 17th of June) the resolutions which France and England might adopt, the ('omit. de Nesselmde sent to the Porte, under the form of a letter to Reschid Pack*, a last taiimatent. with a brief delay, and which contained. very clearly expressed, the threat of a speedy occupation of the principalities of the Danube. " When that resolution had been taken with a solemnity which no longer permits a Government jealous of its dignity to modify it—when by a circular, dated the 11th of June, his Mejesty the Emperor Nicholas caused it to be announced to Europe, an if to make the execution of it the more irre vocable—our squadron was still at. Melamine, and that of England had not yet left the port of Malta. " The simple comparison of these dates suffices to indi cate from which side bas sprung the initiative which it is attempted to-day to deny, while throwing the responsibility of it on France and England ; it is also sufficient to prove that between the communication made at Paris and atLon don of tho step attempted directly by Count Nesselrode at THE PRESS. Constantinople, and the rejection of that ultimatum, the necessary time was wanting to the Governments of his Im perial Majesty and of her Britannic Majesty to exercise in any sense whatsoever their influence at Constantinople. I say it with all the power of conviction, the French trovern went, in all this grave debate, has no reproach to make to itself: it rejects from the bottom of its conscience, not less than in presence of Europe, the responsibility imputed to it ; and, strong in its moderation, appeals in its turn, and without fear, to the judgment of the Cabinets. " The English and French forces, by their presence out- side the Dardanelles, do not in any way outrage existing treaties. The occupation of Wallachia and Moldavia con stitutes, on the contrary, a manifest violation of those same treaties. That of Adrianople, which determines the con ditions of the protectorate of Russia, lays down implicitly the case in which it would be permitted to that power to interfere in the principalities—it would be if their privi lege* were interfered with by the Turks. " In Dids, when these provinces were occupied by the Russians, they were the prey of a revolutionary agitation which threatened equally their security, that of the rove reign power, and that of the protecting power. The con vention of BaltieLiman has admitted that, if similar events should he renewed within seven years, Russia and Turkey should take in common the most proper measures to re establish order. Are the privileges of Moldavia and Wal lachia threatened ? Have revolutionary troubles broken out in their territory ? The facts reply of themselves that there is no ground for the moment for the application either of the treaty of Adrianople or of the convention of Halts- Liman. "By what right, then, have the Russian troops passed the Pruth, if it be not by the right of war--of a war, I acknowledge, of which people do not wish to pronounce .he true name, but which is derived from a new principle, fruitful in disastrous consequences, which people are astonished to see practised for the first time by a conservative power of the European order of a degree ao eminent as Russia, and which would not tend to any less than the oppression in the midst of peace of the feeble States by the stronger States who are their neighbours? " The general interest of the world is opposed to the ad• mission of any such doctrine, and the Porte in particular has the incontestable right to consider as an act of war the invasion of two provinces which, whatever may be their special organisation, are an integral part of its empire. It would, therefore, not violate, any more than the powers which should come to its aid, the treaty of the 13th of July, 1841, if it declared the straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus open to the squadrons of France and England. The opinion of the Government of his Impe rial Majesty is formal in that respect; and although, in its opinion, it does not exclude the research for an efficacious means of conciliation between Russia and Turkey, 1 have requested General de Castelbajac to make known to Count de Nesselrode our manner of viewing the matter, and to communicate to him this despatch. " Dnouvx DE Linvs." Court AO laction. THE continued absence from London of our friend Gibtut, who, before his departure, wrung from me a fatal but binding promise to supply his place, ren ders it necessary that you should again receive the report of this week's proceedings from sty pen. I confess it is not without reluctance that I undertake this office; for, as I think Whits is now and then a little rash in what he writes, and as I occasionally differ from him, both upon the subject of eti quette as well as in respect of the exact point to which criticism in these matters should go, 1 feel that I am hardly competent to discharge his part in your weekly budget We have now reached the penultimate week of the London season; indeed, I doubt whether, after Lord Powis's ball to-night, we shall have anything but odds and ends of gaiety, and such young ladies as are left in town will be at their wits' end to find even a •6 drum" to go to. On MONDAY his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam bridge dined with Lord and Lady Jersey in Berkeley square. In the evening Lady Jersey enlivened the expiring season by giving a party, to which the in vitations were numerous. This party was a successful one, and was not over until very late. Lady Alice Peel gave a small dance the same evening, which their Royal Highnesses the Duchesses of Cambridge and Mecklenburg and the Princess Mary honoured with their presence. On TUESDAY Alme. Waleska received as usual, and also gave a concert, at which Mme. Bosio was the principal singer, and Uordigiani the accompa llyiht. WEDNESDAY.—Lord and Lady Holland were again very fortunate in their day, and their reception at Holland-house was as pleasant as ever, to all who had the good fortune to attend it. In the evening Lady Foley and Lady Colchester had small parties, and Madame Colloredo gave a ball on a scale of great magnificence at Chandos-house. The attendance was most numerous, and all went off prosperously and satisfactorily. On THURSDAY Lady Jersey gave another small party, and to-night Lord Powis's ball will perhaps be the last great entertainment of the season of 1853. Friday evening. Poses-PARTOUT. SATURDAY, Shortly after her Majesty arrived at Osborne-house, on Saturday last, symptoms of an attack of measles, which had it seems been previously suspected, became apparent, and on Monday the fact was announced in the Court Circular. Since then bulletins have been regularly issued, announcing the progress of the disorder, which, it is gratifying to state, has passed through the regular stages in the most favourable manner. On Thursday Sir Henry Holland arrived in the Isle of Wight, where he remained with Sir James Graham in attendance on the Queen. The bulletin issued yesterday (Friday) morning was as follows : " OSBORNE, Thursday Afternoon, July 22. Nine a.m. " The Queen has passed a good night; and the marked abatement of every symptom this morning is such as to in• dicate her Majesty's approaching convalescence. Jas CLARY, M.D. HENRY HOLLAND, M.D." The Duchess of Kent left town on Thursday after noon for Osborne, accompanied by Prince Ernest of Leiningen, and was attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson and Sir George Couper. The Queen has presented to the Singing Society of Cologne, ninety of whom gave three concerts in presence of her Mejesty and the Royal Family at London, a large cup in silver gilt, admirably orna mented. It bears this inscription in Germany-- " Souvenir to the Men's Singing Society of Cologne, London, 1853. Victoria, Queen." The Princesses Helena and Louisa, who were last week sent down to Windsor, have been attacked by measles since their arrival at the castle. The Prin cess Helena is convalescent; and the Princess Louisa, who fell ill with the complaint on Sunday last, is going through it favourably. There are now only the two youngest of the Royal Family who have not had the complaint. The Wellington funeral car is now placed in a temporary building in the courtyard of Marlborough house, and will, by order of the Lord Chamberlain, be exhibited under the following regulations :—On Mon days, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, the public to be admitted free. On Tuesdays and Saturdays by tickets obtainable on application at the office of Messrs. Ranting, in St. James's-street. On Fridays the doors to be closed. The first day of admission will be Monday next, the 25th inst., and until the let of October the hours of admission will be from eleven to six o'clock. Vol. THE TrentEE FARl4.—The annual " inspection" of Mr. Mechi's agricultural establishment, and the im provements on his Essex farm, came off on Wednes day last, and attracted a numerous muster of men eminent in rank, and interested for agricultural en terprise, among whom were many distinguished fo reigners. A majority of the invited company travelled by special train from London, reaching Tiptree-hall about noon. After partaking of luncheon, which was provided in a marquee on the lawn, where also were lying scattered about sundry monster bulbs of man gold-wurzel, and some score of stalks of wheat, all growing from one root, duly labelled as the results of irrigation, the company proceeded, under the guidance of their host, on a tour of inspection through his fields, where two men were hard at work in the pro cess of irrigation—that is to say, directing • stream of liquefied manure upon the clover from gutta percha hose, precisely in the same way as a fireman directs a stream of water upon a fire. Mr. Mec h i has sunk on his farm a large circular tank, into which all the soil refuse and droppings of his farm are conveyed, and mixed up with spring water, of which he requires 40,000 gallons a day. This mess is kept continually stirred up by a stream of air injected into the tank by a steam-engine, which keeps the mass in constant motion, and effectually prevents the more solid particles settling down at the bottom. The same steam-engine forces the fluid, into which the most obstinately solid materials are resolved sooner or later, through a set of iron pipes laid down over the whole farm to the extent of two miles of piping on a farm whose whole area does not exceed 170 acres. There are two" hydrauts,"or manure-jets, set up in the proportion of one to every eleven acres, and a gutta percha tubing, being attached to one of these, en sures, under the guidance of one man, an artificial shower of manure, applied in such a way as to sink down at once to the roots of the plane, and penetrate the subsoil to such a distance that, according to Mr. Mechi, the ordinary tile-drains of the farm, though sunk to the depth of six feet, frequently smell of it. The condition of the grass left no question of the efficiency of this mode of applying manure. The sheep employed for feeding off the crop were con fined in iron birdies mounted on low wheels, which can be shifted with the flock by one man in less than a quarter of an.kour. Mr. Mechi states that by this Wien he is mailed to grow wheat every alternate