The Express. — London, England, 1850-09-12 00:00:00

Eke envoi's. OUTGOING AWLS. maile fen WM& North ASIA' Ilermeds, wed tbe UMW Sown will be Made op to morrow meeles lYtr tbe BM It Nell Peskin.. lliepro." Tea magi Oott UM" *pato, eibeelOw will be mmle men feet IT. Tbo mails kr 11 ,reamb, HOSJIBPOS, Neese. Jets i. CUR, ma ?emeriti be aide up oaths moraine( Sept 17. The 'Worn WM flails, exelodielt noodles*, New., St emwsb, Gad ham% (St. Dowisee), end tarladiag Viso • seek, New Gnaw* sad Orep Tows (St J sea de Mousses) wW be mde ipso tbs sereieg, September 17. The mile Si Othrolow, Balm, Greece, tee Imam Islowk, 211=0•71•11. WM, end Chios. via Boothastptoe. will be ep es the mesiae of Sept 20. The mills Me lieemilles, to die Mettitermamo, Au" Ce)laa, ladle. lieseLeat, Ike., MU be made up ea W mates all* 21. TM mils kir Beale will be male up ea OeSsber 1. TM mai Ilee of Om sad Seems Ayres, will Se made ef ea Me mewls' Breaoe, 4. Well MATES AT WINDOM v.ll/Dall. Tin On—limisa. I. Vo.oseasm—liftreas. 0%. taw Aillirassa./V 4m. ..LONDON, THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 12. It is impossible to observe the course which things ere taking in Ireland with reference to the all absorb. lug question of land tenure, without deep solicitude and concern. fix month■ ago the fatal controversy that so long has rout society in twain, and arrayed the owners of property against the great bulk of the com munity, might have been settled as easy aid equitable terms. The demands of the many were far from being exorbitant. In substance they amounted to mothing more than a legal security against extortion and fraud, and the teversal of that barbarous remnant of feudalism, which escheats to tare lord of the soil all agriculteral improvements made by the tenant during his occupancy. No worthless or rapacious proprietor would have been compellable to do more than many just and prudent landlords already do, of their own free will No injury to the true and permanent in terests of the 'stilled class would thereby have been inflicted; new guarantees for peace, new stimulants to improvement would have been given; the general value of land would slowly but certainly have been enhanced ; the few would really have lost nothing, Irbile the many would have gained all that they de- sanded. We will do the Prime Minister the justice of believing that he saw the opportunity and desired to tarn it to advantage. Whatever his other faul's may be, duplicity cannot justly be laid to his charge. Lord JOHN is an ariatecrar, but be is not with out ejmpathy for the sufferings of the people; he is a politician, but he is not capable of deliberately mocking the misery of the mnititade. lie may not alwajs f ield in time; he may not always as the possibility of rediessiog the evils they vont plain of. But when he agrees to listen with 'unities, sad promises to deal with the subject brought before km, Lord JOHN ha no be.. parries of evasion in his =lad, no watched trick of ministerial diplomacy in view. Oa the Irith land question his assorasess were frank and frequent. He repeatedly said that something effectual ought to be dune, and that he was willing to try. How has it happened, thee, then sothirg effectual has been accomplished or eves attempted on the part of the government? Who have thwarted the generous and sagacious intentions of the Prime Minister P To whose sordid and short sighted counsels hes be unhappily deferred? We know sot; and we pretend not to say. One thing we know, and that is, that the consequences of the change or counteraction of purpose adverted to are likely to realise all that the importunate friends of tenant-tight prediettd. Popular disappointment and exasperation are easily sown, end are prolific of bitter Init. What has happened? When special deputa tion from Ulster laid the grimaces of the northern Mantey before the mini.ter last Whitsuntide, they were accompanied and sustained by many of the best men among the English se well ea the Isiah members of the House of Commons. Differences about details there may have been in so numerous a section of the popular party • but to the main they were thoroughly agreed. Under such guidance the same might have been conducted to a safe and m ineable isles; but government were said to have the mutter in head, end to interfere further than by or seat entreaty and practical suggestion would have been said to meddle and to mar. Time passed ; the deputation returned home ; ministers were cot tinually pressed in parliament to fulfil their promises; but nothing was done or attempted to be dune to relieve, to sesasge, or even to conciliate an expectant people; bat the old brute-force expedient of an agrarian emer sion bill was once man resorted to. Is it strange that a people thus tantalised and in salted should in their anger listen toroth advisers and resentfully raise their demands? Oa the very day that the Crime and Outrage BM pasted through its Anal stage at Westminster, a conference of delegates (is all except the name) f rom every part of Ireland, and assembled in Dublin, adopted resolutions em bodying the moat extreme opinions, and which no men of experience and candour can ffect to believe that parliament will ever recognise or sanction. Yet, upon the resolutions thus adapted an organisation has already been formed; and the be little doubt that amooget en impulsive and sanguine peasantry its ramifications will rapidly extend. A project which holds forth the hops of safety against the futil ities smolt of the indiscriminate evictor, cannot but be popular ; and when the assurance is further given that by joining the Tenant League the farmers of Ireland are taking the most effective means to abo lish rackrent, we cannot wonder if great numbers of the long defenceless tenantry seek mutual shelter in its ranks. Nor do we question the power for good which a wisely founded and wisely conducted agita tion might exercise. The legislature has unhappily refused to give hied to the wants of millions calmly and forbearingly urged. It cannot, therefore, com plain of a louder tone of importunity and remon strance. But for the sake of the cause which, in season and out of memos, we have zealously striven to advance, we are bound to tell the leaden of the new confedera tion frankly that if they seek deliverance for the tenant farmers of Ireland from the terrors of rack-rent and eviction, by constitutional miens, the sooner they throw aside such delusions as that of settling the amount of rent by a law of valuation the better for all concerned. If they are men of busier:ea and sagacity they moat be perfectly aware that a bill onntaining such a proposition would be laughed at by all parties in parliament as a mere absurdity; and that to enlist the norefiectiog pessantry under such a banner =poses them to imputations which we need not name. In this country we ere accustomed to go for I what we have a reasonable hope of obtaining, sooner I or later, by peaceful and legal means. We say what 1 we want, and stick to our demand esti' we obtain it. Sometimes we have to wait a long time before we get it; bet if in argument we feel ourselves strong, and if sober-minded, as well as &Meat, moo espouse the cease, we persevere until ear end is gained. The Anti-Corn•law League is the latest example of what may be achieved in this way. But it should be borne in miad, that flu 'niacin:* of satire freedom of trade was conceded by half the Boole of Commons, before the anti-corn-law confederacy was formed to enforce its practical adep tioa I sad eves With all the advantage thus possessed it toe seven pees of agitation to obtain it. The new tenant loges, on the contrary, has unfortunately put forward a principle which not half a dome men in either home of parliament would vindicate or vote for, and in resistance to which the best Meads, as well as the bitterest foes of the people, would be driven to protest. By sot of parliament &valuation of rent never can be carried, and yet it is by act of par liament that it is said to be sought, through the in strumentality of popular organisation. We moot, we confess, understood what good result a coons like this can lead to. That it will detach and repel many men of weight and character seems to besiege. No men of disinterested sympathy fee the rep* or of political wilderness judgment, will aid in leading then eat into the For; nearly ty years, • broadsheet, eomprising shoot down closely-printed pages of Metter, &key arithmetical, has rerty mode its appanage twigs week, or oftener, in London, ander the title of "The Mercantile Price Current." To the general reader there was not much that was interesting, or, indeed, intelligible, is the miscellaneous items and closely-packed figures, offered to its columns. But rave merchants and enterprising dealers conned them devotedly, and mazy were the 'pleaded enterprises undertaken, and the noble fortunes built, upon the mystic= they contained. We need not limit our- selves to the past tease. The " IGtss Cement" is still to the understanding eye, Inialaose wiith Totes die adventure and wealth. Apart, however, hoe peohatiolinf lieferests, are many facts and conclusion si naivetes! t t :F to sue be elicited from Were dry doles. Taming over the annual winnows eif:' earastaeos that most strikes one down to the one- Ineacentast of the last donde, is the complicated ask perpetually-varying relationships between the menial public and the national exchequer. That the subject Auld ea joy say one of the bounties of nature or luxuries of art, altogether " duty hes," is an idea awaits modern growth. But there is much more than shit. As we take a6O years' glance over the of the "Price Current," we are sue ' to observe bow anomalous and intricate were the tariffs and modes in which the tax gatherer laid hie adhesive fingers upon the profits of commerce. The financiers of thou days, like their contemporary diplomatists, seemed to rejoice in mystery. Everything appeared done with the inteatioe to embarrass and perplex the fair dealer, with the natural consequences of favouring the roger. The system of taxation railed for almost /Jury article. Productions drawn from the bowels of the earth, grown on its sufaee, or prepared by art, had each their separate codes of customs and excise law, and were &gam capriciously distributed into other categories as they passed through various advanced stages of manufacture. Raw materials were treated in one way and finished fabrics in another. The same commodity had to be iccotified, tar tax-paying purposes, as to its birth-place, whether British, colo nial, or foreign. If import ed it was necessary to prove whether it cons to hand in an English or a foreign bottom. Tee duty was charged sometimes according to quantity, sometimes by value, sometimes by a mixture of both; and varied, like most of the other condition, every year or two, as new lights arose among that eccentric series of statesmen, who, CARLYLI aye, sucoanively " wielded the spigot of taxation," from the outbreak of the revolutionary war to the peeing of the Reform Btli. From this canes it arose that the most elementary commercial pro blems then regained a complex analysis for their solution. All the ordinary power. of arith mote, for example, break down in the at tempt to dinars:, in the price paid by the consumer for any of the elebneate articles of commerce how much weans net value of the commodity, how much the sum contributed to the Exchequer, and bow much was the sheer wute and obstruction arising out of the interference at various stages of the odious of revenue P This evil is now much alleviated. The customs schedules are cleared and lightened. A vast mass of articles are exempted altogether, or retained at a merely nominal rate for the purposes of registration. The tariff generally has been modified; useless die tinctione swept away ; and simplicity and order very generally introduced. Much, no doubt, yet remains to do. But meantime we are anxious to VIM the ef fect of what has been done in relation to that all-im portant question, the coat of hying to the mass of our fellow-subjects. We must bight by leaving out of consideration for the moment that loweet class of indusirials wholes wages sake but for the barest subsistence. Mr. Poem, in an essay published anonymously SOWS six teen years since, gives the housekeeping expenditure of an old woman whose grope annual revenue was under 64 10s., sad who contrived to live upon that. On such a nasals it is evident that alterations in the tariff of foreign imports can have but little influence. Rustic economists of equal severity may even now exist, but the class is exceptional and comparatively t . z limited in numbers. Let us turn to the numerically constitutes the great bulk of the nation, the workmen, artisans, operatives, and employes who have been prosperous or prudent enough not to have families to maintain without being aMe to earn a decent livelihood. To those classes, in short, in whose favour we are able to interpret the" necessaries of life" according to the modern and enlarged scope of that term. We begin our comparisons with 1818, after prices hid settled down from the disturbances arising out of war or peace, and before they began again to oscillate under the first pressure of the " Bullion Ac ." And war quotatiose will be those givers for the first week of September in every year mentioned. Alphabeti cally, thee, for convenience sake. L Cocoa, which has only lately obtained admis sion to the list of the poor man s necessaries, was sold in 1818 at 31.15 e. to 6'. per cwt.; the duty Whig for British produce la. 10d., foreign 31. per lb. Is 1828 the price was 11. 12s. to 34 125.: duty fieL British, le. 3d. foreign. In 1838 the cost had Use to 40s. to 50s. per cwt., and in 1848, 325. to 431; and In the last Prices Current, 28s. to 405.-the duty in these three last instances remaining at, British Id., foreign 2d. per lb. 11. Corn! in 1818 was 130.. to 1801. per cwt., with a duty of 3.. per lb. 101828 the duty was 841., British; 10d., foreign; acd the prices ramped comMI 78c 1838, at the same duty, they were freer 47e. up to 13.5 e., according to qualities. In 1848, at dudes et 4d. and 81., the price was from the lowest, Bemeel tr., Us., up to best Jamaica, at 1135.; and in 1830, tbere were so prices higher than 92a., a good avenge Ewa Indian article sill,ng at 345. to 48a. per cwt. 111. Coax has too recently come within the range Mlle importation to afford a fair standard of a rims Before the advent of free trade the radii from week to week with the barometer, sad yet more capriciously. In the particular years and mouths we have selected, the &setts averages were 79.. 2d., 620.7 d., 71s. ltd., 465. ltd., sod 43e. 7d. per quarter ; bat the prices were both higher and lower than these. In a table published by Mr. Pots ma, in the last number of the Statistical Journal, the price of the 4-lb. loaf in London is shown to have varied from 111 to 7d.; the higher rate occurring in 1847, and the lower that which has obtained during and since the latter months of 1849. IV. Under Faun are included currents and raisins which enter every year more ly into the general consumption of the walking classes, though still almost considered luxuries. In 1818 the import duty was 21.45. 4d. per cwt., and the prices in bond from 1 755. to 108 a. The duty is now 160, and the prime are-currants, 24 to 21. 12& ; raisins, 11. 7s. to 11. 17s. V. The juice of Hors enters bat partially ictotbat of the Englishman's natio:sal beverage. It has varied thus : 1838, 31. 10s. per cwt.; 1848, U. 614 ; 1830, 84 VI. MEAT presents lees variation than abnoet any other article of consumption. In September 1838 the price of beef was 31. 4d.; santtoe, 3s. 101.; pork, 4s. 46. per stoat. Except that the letter article is now something cheaper the rates are just the some as those given in the Liadtakall market report for lest week. Is Mr. Poem's Tables, already awes timed, a seven years' return is given of the sembest price paid for mature and beef supplied to It. 'Chooses's Hospital. It there appears that the amp of 1848 was the same_as that of 1842, the Weems dials years being dearest. VIL Mari Paerastons, aceneding to the saw menial designation, the meet important items ere butter sad cheese. The former seem into poet plias (tipsily as " CAwk,'' or " In 1818 the daty paid em foreign better was 16 per cwt., and the prise in bond 1405.; Cork buttrisellWg at 1325. In 1838 the pries was 90a., while in 1860, ender a free imp.; it le 70s. to 784 Cheese, protected in 1818 by a 10s. :IL duty, bashed 70s. per cwt., and is 1838, AM emir peeleedem fall to 405. It is sew imposed Not eel See& psi ingligh platy semi= from MS 1114 Owe as horned varkliss gold at t sod ea Amoebas diessoreently ialesieed seam sale egagemption hare has bsea obteledie talk= d 01 these articles Mr. PORT= olion la in thee " the working claim seldom or newer leg them kg weight, but apply at the shops for sizpownyweeth or threepemaywerth, or whatever may be tbe ems to be laid oat, lite demises or &terms of the article affersdag the quantity that they receive for their .° Better and cheese are them still apparently coerYeed by the workman as treats, and not geoes lenge of VIII. Rice, in 1818, was 60s. to 63e. leer owl., and ditty. Ia 1850, at an entry duty of Bd. and is., it is to he purchased for Bs. and 12s. per cwt. It le leageoleg adopted, bet more slowly than NO he wished, amen the poor man's seessamige. IX. The trade in Bosun wee keggbiliestell: labiate navies et differential Seim game et are not yet gadget. Belied sugar in bond sold far 108 a. to 146 e., and gems brown 465. to 70 1 . n o duty was thee 11. 10s. ea Jemmies, and 81. on hedge sugar. Many alterstime in the tariff and mesh ism. craggiest in the presses of refining have been effected, and the tens has regularly declined. The THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY! /0V4161 111 W highest pries for " refined hems ° is 60a, as qasted in he vita era, ki 1801Iftleptlatoptrcre white's/egg to Idles from' W gd. and the omanniptiiin Miss 3,079,429 owl., Work/ a. pox amt. ie. Taal i‘hihtts 6 II: I. 11 9014 esesomptian Ist as 181 a; ugb an al Worm duty of Moat 100 pee seam, the chestnut bass was ils.; no. hymns, and gunpowder rowing op to 7s: and 10.. Id '46 Mt eta, dry of USA. par .14 babas sold in bead as low's. 4d. ; congas, 10d. to la ; hyena, la 10d. to 25.; gtspowder, Slai to M. Bd. Last weak babes le rsportei at Id. to 84. per lb. Flue comma la 411. I ditto soostiong, ls. 13d. to 2s. 4d. The retail price of tea has (Unlined since 1842 frees tic to 4a per lb., and tbe (paucity coo mined inoreased by T,372,201 lbs. We ham gone through the principal items it in lbs working man's ceding commlasrist. There aro other necessaries to health and comfort, if not to life, and on. or two luxuries which the atuelioratioas in oar commercial code aro happily Owing man within his nosh every year, if he he bet moderately industrials sad provident. We Mall pro ceed hereafter with our daddies of pries, and finally draw our conclusions from them. WE called attention a few days ago to the neces sity existing for an alteration in the system of tenure prevalent is the Highlands of Boothia& not only for the improvement of Highland properties, bat for the maintenance of their market value as compared with arable lands ehewhere. Since t han we have learnt that a body of gentlemen have associated themselves together for this very purpose, their primary . object being the improvement of the phyacal and soc ial con dition of the class of small tenants, from which they anticipate u a necessary conwluence au enhancement in the value of Highland estates. To understand the plan, which they are about to carry into execution as an example to the northern proprietors, it will be necessary briefly to advert to some events which, about this time last year, directed an evanescent atten tion to the Western Ulm North that is one of the grasp of islands known as the Outer Hebrides. It is the property of Lord MACDONALD, and is divided into a few large farm, and a coosiderable number of small holdings called crofts. The crofters are tenants holding, say from two to five sores, on the most precarious of all tenures. A small community of these tenants, num bering about 600 persons, women and children in cluded, Inhabited a patios' of the district of Solos, on the western side of the island. They occupied their holdings at a small rent, which, owing to the failure of the potatoes and to other circumstances, had been permitted to fall into aerate for three years. The proprietor, acting under the advice of Isis commis r.otter, and wishing . to put his property upon a better footing, by converting it into large farms and intro ducing a superior class of tenants, proceeded, by due camas of law, to eject the defsulting tenant., prepa rations having been made for their removal to Canada. But they refused to go, in the first place disliking the wholesale expatriation to which they were to be subjected; and in the next objecting, and very pro perly so, to being removed to Canada at a period of the year when they would have to encounter all the hardships of a Canadian winter, without any ade ..t. provision having been m ade against them. As they could not be perenaded to leave their wretched houses about the beginning of winter, onsher miens were resorted to, but they repelled these by force, and drove off the officers of the law who came to eject them from their homes. An application was thereupon made to the Secretary of State for the despatch of a military force to the scene of disturbance; but he very properly refused to com ply with the request until the civil face of the county had been exhausted in the vindication of the law. The posse comitolms of Inverness-shire was accord ingly sent far, and it was net until several of the wretched hovels had been unroofed, and women and children driven, without shelter, from their smoky hearths, that the poor creatures at length capitulated, and agreed to expatriate themselves in opting, if they were only permitted to occupy the houses, in whion their fathers bad lived and died, during the inclement months of winter. But se time wore on, they found that, if they were not beyond the ale of the law, neither were they out of the reach of the sympathies of their fellow-countrymen. When spring came, therefore, their expatriation was not effected, and they still occupy their small crofts in a district where there are but a few inches cf soil upon the hard rock, although, being still wider summons of removal, the siernmanjus of the proprietor may at any time be wielded for their ejection. It may not be amiss here to state that there is another commu nity occupying put of a property in Skye belong ing to a Mr. WALirran, en precisely the same predicament. Now the question is, what is to be done with these Soles tenants? It is clear that they cannot, in existing circumstances, pay up their arrears to the landlord—(and it is but justice to him to state, that he was willing to forego them, provided they would have)—whilat their continued occupancy of the soil, l• its present tenure, prevents the introduction of a batter system as reg ards the management of the pro perty. To pat them cm a better footiog, withoutextra nuns aid, is almost impossible, so that nothing seemed to be left, either for their own advantage cr that of the proprietor, but their expatriation. It is to avoid th is har sh step which may at one time be taken, that a committee of gentle men in the city of Perth is now devising a plan for their settlement, on a superior footing, on another part of the island. The poor people themselves have manifested a strong desire that something of the kind should be done for them I for, their little community being their world, they are averse to the idea of emi gration, fearing that it would lead to their being separated from each other. . . The plan proposed by the Perth committee is, that they should surrender their crofts, and be trans• planted in a body to the other side of the island, where holdings of 20 acres in extent would be given to each family on leases for 21 years. This improve ment in their position, as regards their holdings, would serve, if anything can do so, to stimulate them to that exertion which would not only enable them to meet their obligations as tenants, bat also to render them self-suppoeting, which they have not been for the last three or four yams, during which time they have been rescued from starvation by the efforts of the Highland Relief Board. The committee has already put itself in cammurication with Lord 'Law:ow:Am on the subject, and he expresses his rea diness to acquiesce in the proposal, and to dispose of the land, for the sake of the experiment, at half the mat for the next 21 years, which he now receives for it. All parties seem thus agreed, and nothing is now wanting, but the funds to carry the scheme into operation. Nor can they, with strict accuracy, now be said to be wanting. The Perth Committee has raised 1,0001. for the experiment, and the balance re quired, 70W., is to be oontrabated from the funds of the Glasgow motion of the Highland Relief Board. At the meeting of that section of the board, which took place in Glasgow a few days ago, the whole plan was detailed both in the report of the secretary and in the speeches which were subsequently made. The land, to which the people are to be transplanted, is covered with mom, bet it is not the deep spongy moss which defies almost every effort at its redaction to the :porpoise of cultivation. In its immediate oeighbourhood is abnadanos of sea ware, which can be amid with the greatest advaatage as manor,. In deed, the land is described by Mr. Brrrtaa, of For to be each as he would willingly 'ecru the ex pense of reducing, if near his estate, and pay three times the rent for it demanded by Lord Macoos.u.u. Everything, therefore, seems to conspire to favour the experiment, which, if successful, may be imitated with advantage throughout the greater part of the Highlands. It is true that in this case the intervention of a third party be tween the proprietor and his tenants is necessary to carry it into - dint, neither of them being in a position to attempt it without extraneous aid. The Perth Committee, aided by the Glasgow section of the Mid board, will undertake the settlement of the' Masa* and their melanoma,* oath able by their an. Minas to maintain themselves, which they seat MS bo if they display ordinary industry. Oa* tftall despitir of the experiment being von generally followed, even if successful, posideal seek intervention were necessary in all oases. The sigeetof the present effort is to set an example which ma& future, if it may seem desirable, be followed by proprietors and their tenants, especially in eases where the proprietors are well able to foil ar it, with out seeking aid from without. At all events, it is an experiment in which the whole county is deeply interested. It may, in the first place, lead to i`ikr 165•1' - the ndspaadal*AUOVl•APV have for ye a i rs. beis elhay eeststeed by the cha ritable er n lions A s t 00Ot es Highland Hg*a*o nd Board. If the TO 10411 79* to it, it wz t have bid to expend a. bee *Mao 6001. of that sumo. thus very people tee beep then ekes in the Nitwit* whisk they new initalit. 114, laaditional 2061. will be advanoed to some purpcue;',ll` . Iby its application, they are, in the course ota year at two, put in lidependent eireueuraaela, sod the. maw to be a bards. upon Ohs fends a l thea board, already well nigh exhausted. It will s in the next plate, give practical reef Id the proprietors that they can tralitrs 117 1 14 11 1 e.. without first expatriaUng the greeter • of their peewit occupants. What they have Sado is to convert their crofts into more reasonably used bolding% to be held on a tenure stifileiebfil Otiliff to stimulate their tenants to exertton. lf, done so. they still fail to improve their own and their tenants' position, the perpleziog pecibles, Is regatds the Highlands, will then be wired, and it will be manifest that the migration of the peesent raw of eseepants will be an indispensable conaition precedent to the improvement of estate,. It is with a view to test whether this be oo or not that this experiment is about to be made. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDWItaDAT Emmett. The decisions of the conneils.general, so far ns known, have been in the great majority favourable to the revision of the nonetatution. The expression of this desire has not been accompanied, exoept in one or two nee instances', bye recommendation to prolong the powers of the President. Generally these provin cial aseemblies have expressed thtir confidence in the wisdom and &moths of the National Assembly to effect to. necessary reforms is the way lent likely to disturb the country. It is impossible that so decided • manifestation depiction on the part of these impor tant bodice should not be bailed throoghont France se • severe blow to the work of the Ganetituent Assembly. Everybody sees the danger of not pro vidiog against the crime which most engine, if Louis Napoleon should be at the presidential election in le 4:•2 the only candidate who obtains two millions of votes, while the constitution declares him not re eligible. Au anomaly so obstructive to the natural course of the national will ought clearly to be guar:!ed against by timely remedies, else the knot will have to be cut by the sword. Seventj-five ounacole-general have declared them selves on the subject of the revision of the constitu lion. The following have pronounced in favour of the revision: —Ain, Aisne, Alpes (Basses), Ardeche, Ariege, Aube, Amite, Aveyron Calvados Charente, Charente Idenetre, Cher, Corr e se , ' Coree,Cutes d'Or, Cotes du Nord, Crease, Dordogue, Douba, Drome, Euro, Gets, Gironde, ledre, Indre.et-Loire, Landes, Loiret, Luir-et-Cher, Lot, Maine-et-Loire, Marne, Marne (Haute), Mayenne, Meurthe, Meuse, Nord, Oise, Pas-oe-Calais, Pay-de-Dome, P/rentes (Buses), Pyrenees (Haute.), Pyrenees Ottentales, Rhone, Saone (Haute), Sarthe, Seine Inferieure Stine-et- Marne, Seine-et-Oise, Seethe (Deux), T'arn-et-Ga ronne, Vienne (Haute). The following have rejected the revision :—Heraolt, Haute Loire. Losers. Morbihan, Gene, Haut Ithin, Taro Vauclose, Vendee, Jurs. The following have abstained :—Allier, Haste Alper, Hooch(' do Rhone, Eurret-Loir, Finisterre, 111e-et-Wain% Loire, Loire Inferieure, Saone.et. Loire, Somme, Var, Vosges, Lot-et-Garonne, Cantal. The decisions of the following are not yet known : —Ardennes, Gard, Haute Osronne, Isere, Manche, Moselle, Nicer., Bu-Rhin, Vienne, Yonne. _ _ The public attention has been at last seriongly fixed upon the Suiety of the Dix Gommlee by a cerise of revelations and averments concerning the nature and Mine of this formidable &acclaim, which could no longer be evaded by silence. Tne mask of a charitable institution WWI torn from this Bonapartist conspiracy by a variety of organs demociatic and moderate. It was said that a mutual-aid society is not divided into brigades and regiments like an army, with a military hierarchy, generals called organisers, colonels going by the title of commissioners, captaius dubbed heads of sections, inspectors who perform the office of corporals, and members who wanted nothing but the name and opportunity to become soldiers. To tolerate I a secret club presenting the same features of organisa tion and the same illegal character as the socialist clubs, is too glaring a breach of duty in the govern ment not to call down the strongest reprehensions from the Committee of Permanence, composed as it is of persons expressly selected to cross the President's ambition. Meanwhile • founder and secretary of the society has addressed a public letter to General Pia% its president, giving in his resignation, in consequence of the general's ex pressed determination not to sneerer the challenges of the press. M. Gillis, the censor of the society, has addressed s letter to the Ordre, which is far from satisfying the public as to its objects. It has affiliated Edges in a cut number of communes throughout France, and mutt become ere long a serious subject of parliamentary inquiry; for, although the number of members and the resources of the Dix Datembre are not such at the present moment as to give any serious cams for immediate alarm, the executive power is watched by the majority with too much jealous vigi lance for the growth of a revolutionary instrument to be permitted to proceed quietly. M. Berryer, who has been spending some der on his estate, at Angerville, near Pans, has come to town to-day, to attend a sitting of the Committee of Permanence which will be held to-morrow, and is expected to be more animated than the preceding meetings. It is said that explanations will be de manded with regard to the movement, of M. Sal 'Andy, who goes from Wiesbaden to Claremont, and from Claremont to Frohsdorf. The departure of M. Saleslady for Frohsdorf, announced yesterday by a serious organ like the Debate, makes much sensa tion; and the government is not a little disquieted by the active efforts mode by this ex-minister to promote • fusion between the Bourbon branches. Dr. Choumel, the confidential physician of the Odom Emily, received lest night an express from Bemis, summoning him to repair with all despatch is the bedside of the Queen of the Belgians, whose alma appears to be of a much more serious nature than was at first "append. Since Louis Philippe's death, the journals have been speaking of the fortune which he has left, and it has been even said that the legacy duties would amount to some millions. I find the exaggeration which I suspected in these accounts is greater than I supposed. The landed property belonging to the late king contains about 88,000 hectares (the hectare is nearly 21 English acres), thcia divided : 46,000 comprised in the donation made by the king to hie children on Atiliast 7, 1830, and of which he reserved to himself the life interest; 13,000 belonging to the king himself; and 18,000 bequeathed to him, for his life only, by Madams Adelaide, his sister. The groat revenue of this property, calculated on an average of tea years, is 2,989,000 fr. Su 1848 it has been smaller, and for 1861 will not, it is supposed, amount to more than 3,900,000 fr. Bat from all this it is necessary to deduct the expenses of taxes, insurance, management, agency, B<o., amounting to 1,811,0006. There therefore remains a revenue of 2,378,000 fr., which, at three per sent., represents a capi tal of nearly 'treaty-sine millions. In this valuation I do not comprise non-productive such as chateaux. parks, and gutless, which, it must be admitted, an not without importance. For inatanee, the park of Mocesaux, is the Faubourg da Roth. close to Perim is altogether unproductive, and contains 19 hectares, worth, say, 2,000,000 fr.; also the park of Nesilly, oontalame nearly 188 Me tre, gives no yet, if sold is lots, it would give at least 4,000,000 fr. I ought to mention that I have included in this statement the property of the Duke d'Aumals's domain, of which the Queen Maris- Amelia has the life see and which gives about 137,000 fr. a year. In S us, to be exact, I ought not to pas. over in Alma the 'moveably property of the King, coneistioe of matters held in gammon by him and Madame AMaide arising from canal shares and tontines, which, wit hout exaggeration, mud be worth 323,000 fr. a year; also government securities belonging to Louis-Philippe himself, amounting to 100,000 M. a year, including 30,000 fr. a year in the Five per Conte" for the chapels of Dreux and Nenilly. But this situation, so brilliant in appearance, is con siderably diminis hed by the enormous debts con tracted almost exclusively for the works widertakes at Versailles and the royal Wares. The names of the executors of Louis-Philippe an now known : They are MM. de Montalivet, Dapio, Sen., de Mont morency, Leplagne, Barris, and Scribe, formerly advocate of the Court of Qu;ation. v ik si at ins *sm Mirk: o t rigt dated the 9th : bYhtliti haea 4 •ut " ka P vei ta ethlis it 41Vdeit Itis a,114 held *Owl of the not bdiablwais 44 Oa tosra towels Wok!: as aka autsttisat peekaboo tbi l s obewitmdsoe'elOsit. Thomason of perms =bywis the attests tbroigh which. ha bad to paw, he was assithaoutly bailed with loud cries ut tot wou " Tits le tl " " Vire Napalms! " Not anstbsr cry did li how. 101 I wee stars to the side of his OW*, *mil ha rsoabod lb. ssiumpbal arab, where he bad been remised at his oweresiest. As this point be maritime prefect, the soperiar Laval and military audacities, with the sayer, his derdise, If.o. was. la waltiog to take leave of his.. lie nerdy stoppedm few manure, sad earned is • few words the itretifitladds be Sired his ebb, and Sea proceeded' to 1 St. La. is Ins thin halt ea hour after We departure a fleet of about fluty el then id beastifel liwolish yachts that tba art of ship-buildiag could praises were wades weigh, end directing their aeons for Portsmouth end the Isle of Wight. The Earl of Wilton, the tomamdore, is his beauti ful enteseer the Zarin, 'slated the admiral. The abate was massed by the Friedland with ltgene. The President of the Republic, at the requat of M. Dare, repeematative et the department of the Manche, hue, la order to benefit the taws of Cherbourg, di rected that the bet shall net leave that roadstead be rme Sunday, the 16th. The President made the following reply to the ad dress of the mayor of St. Lo: The seelamailoss whista have jut heard, and the wishes you e apron Welt me profoundly. flo sympathetie a rem, dal as the as mantlast approbation of my conduct, mid the meexpeumfal encoersuement to persessre. You pro seise me the dratltude of the populatioxe of the Manche. Alamo the population of St. Lo that I skill exert all my *Rini to order to deserve ix The President received the authorities of St. Lo at the prefecture. He made the following reply to the address of the president of the Tribunal of Commerce : You address to me, for services which say government has rendered to commerce, t h e expression of a gratitude to which I am very sensible. The two establishments of which yiu desire the oration at Bt. Lo (an independent depot of tail• t.ry clothing, and • branch to the Back of France), heve been already on the part roar representatives the objects et serious estamu•ieations. Oa my rear I will ardor with the 'Moisten to whom belongs the special examination of thus concems; and believe in my dialers desire to he able to return you a favourable answer. The government has received the following tele graphic despa'ch concerting the journey of the Pre sident : AVRANCHEI, Sir?. 11. 8 A x. The President vet out yesterday from St. Lo, and arrived at ATTIPA.ohes yesterday evening at de, pawing through Colo teams and Grenville by the way. At Coutarices be went to the cathedral, where he was complimented by the bishop, at the head of his clergy. At Granville he laid the foundatior.- Mose of a bean which Is to complete;the'port. In Omit.° towns, and everywhere on big passage he was received with cries of" Vive le President! Vice Napoleon!" The en tread into Amanches, amid as imaeaw population, grouped upon the balustrade of the ascent into the city, sad saluting the President with the most enthusiasUc acclamations, was magnificent. . _ The symptoms of recovery which appeared yester day in the funds, continued to-day with steadiness. The Fives closed ►t 93.60, a rise of 20 centimes upon yes•erday, and the Threes at 58.15, an improvement of 30 centimes. UMW, Bu Fur Amount. r. 11. roe i Money. ti Opening Menai. Lowest. Closing 3 per C0n5............. SS 0 !57 90 Ul3 57 95 SS 15 6pm Dents. 93 60 1 93 33 93 C 3 93 SO L 93 60 6 do. New Loan.. ~ 1 w SP OP PP 4 per 0ret5......- .... w w w w 1 pr Owen w 8. gasaania ea Leal tat sight, 25 32r; 90 days, 25 . 11C43, 109 lOO7 Mossy Naples Mantis Mow, 3, lOU .... 164 i . Roman Loan ISO S P P P 7 e , .Do. 14 Do. 95 Modem' lloseOratte lIT 50 : Bank 1413117•0 Nouass. —Versailles (WI book), 143; Paris sod Oran% 775; Pula sod Rows, 393; It:uen and Havre. 215; Strarboore and Bale. 1111 73; Orleans mad Vattson, 316 25; Orleans and Bor deaux, 396 23; N orth, 153; rani and atrulsourg, U 6 33; Tours and Muter, 237 50. SPAIN. MADRID, Syn., 6. Mon, Muehads, aed Sanchez Silva have been elected deputies in Cadiz and Utrera. Count Eaterhazy, the Austrian ambassador, hu quitted Madrid to proceed to foreign parts. lie is not expected to retire before the end of the yesr. The French Ambassador also quite in a few days, having obtained leave of absence for six weeks. The Lisbon papers of the 2nd an nounce the arrival in the Portuguese capital of tte Duchess of Braganca and her daughter. _ _ _ _ . Planar°, Barr 6.—Three, per Cents., ; after /4 , les, 331 Four per Cenb., 134 cask. Five per Ceuta.. 141 ; atter Bak; 141 cash, 141 paper. Coupon, 8; after Bola, 7 15.16 to 8 cash. Passives, 4116 ; after Botta, 4 1-16 rub. Bank at Bt. Ferdinand, 91. Exchange on London, 60.40. ITALY. LOMBARDY. Marshal Radetzk7 is expected on the 9th Sept. at Verona. It is announced that the cabinet of Vienna hue approved the conditions of the loan of 120 mil lions. The authorities of Milan have invited contractors to send in their proposals for the erection of three small forte, to be oonstrected at a distance of 1,000 metres from Milan, opposite the Ticino and Vercelli gates and the Porta Nuova. The total cost of thise works is laid at five millions of francs, and they are to be completed by 1864. TUSCANY. Sir G. Hamilton, British minister at Florence, died in that city on September the 3rd. PIEDMONT. The Resorgimento of Turin states, from Parma, 4th inst., that the Doke intends levying 400 men on the ChM of 1801, and that a large tower shall be built in the centre of the citadel, in order to overawe the town. An Austrian customs inspector has arrived at Massa from Milan, for the purpose of organising the custom-house service of the new Austro-Modeoese union. The custom houses are to be placed on three lines, both on the Piedmontese and Tuscan frontiers, so that travellers will have to pass eight custom houses between Pietrasanta end Sarzana. VENICE. A commission appointed by the government has recommended the transfer of the free port of the hie of St. Georges to that of Santa Lucia, to bring it nearer the station of the railway. ROMAN STATES. The Ferrara Gazette, of the 30th alt,, announces that the diligence from Rome had been attacked and robbed of eleven hundred crowns, on the previous evening, by a band of five individuals, the chief of which wore diamond rings, and appeared to belong to the higher clans of society. NAPLES, Oar correspondent states, in his letter of the 4th, that the reports of disturbances at Palermo have not yet been confirmed. In the commission at Messina the Neapolitan commissioner is supported in his op position to British and French claims by the Austrian and Primitives:minim:ere. The Jesuits wage active war against freedom of education. The school of a British *object has been closed at Palermo. Count Wslewsky, the French minister at Naples, has announced to his countrymen that they cannot be allowed to receive La Prose or other liberal papers from Paris in futon, bat the Journal des Debate is permitted. The member of the theta plot are bent upon em barreasing the government of Piedmont. The dry dock near the mole, constructed at a cost of 30,0001., fall in on the 3rd, and was completely destroyed. The official journal of the Two Sicilia publishes a decree, dated from Palermo, Aug. 13, denouncing pain of death against any one who violates the sanitary cordon established open the coast and confine, of the kingdom. GERMANY. A letter from Berlin, of bopt. 8, says : The Frankfort Diet, yon already have learned, bee nominated a commission to take in hand the affairs of Schleswig Holstein. Persons who think theme well informed u to the intentions of the Diet, state that this committee will name a commissioner to proceed to Reedsbarg to endeavour to effect a recon ciliation. Bat it is stated at the same time that the onuniseloper will not be well received in Holstein. This proceeding is throughout calculated to prove a source of embarrassment to Freesia. Seventeen or eighteen governments of the union have ratified the Danish treaty at Berlin. Sam 10.—Volaatary lown. 1061 ; New Lows. Foar-aad-a-Half per Coats., 100 1-12 ; Natioaal Debt, 85i; Cowat l. ercial !fauna. Sociaty's Fiestas, 113; Batik Mures, 99 San. 9.—Fivs per Cut. Meta Must, 94 Fut.aact-a-liall per C.nts., 84. Bulk Shiro, 1168. Bukaage as Lu ba , 11.40. "c•• 1 '" BARONY. • , f n. A , We hare tlewafroin Dresden of Sept. b. e'• °' The following document jest made public eerieside indicate the probable course which the goverenttlests 4 represented at thu Frankfurt Diet will take in ro/M/' to Holstein. It is I despatch from the Sexes go- • cerement to the Minister of Foreign Affairs ot the duchies: - ------- Th 6 unosreiried hes the tiODOOY to acknowledge there. ceipt of the deeptten et the Holetein wneerimen., dated Aug. 21, and begs to refer I. reply to the letter. sent by the ge • verament on the same subject under dates F. h. 20, and July 29 of this present year, merely adding Met the g.mernment adhere( the more firmly to the princlolee and reolutiors the *spewed, time on deliberate sad bepattled meelderatioe of the stale of Wain it Is 00. visaed that the inter et end honour of 0.-rinany require sot the renewal and continuance of a war prejudicial to hermit and lojorioue to the duebiee, but rather the speedy termina tion MO* same by en ',just:Dent end guaranteeing of Ike claims of the two eontendlng partite; and this object tau goveraavat topes to WO snaked through tt e mutest cos operation of the German m•eernmeats esmn.bled in a legal diet, a work which leas already commenced, and one in which Simony will lest her part. Donde*, Aug. 20, 18.50. CiSqlit, Snrr. C. Nearly all the higher functionaries in the govern ment establishments here, particularly of the treasury, the exchequer, the b anda of excise and tax• s, and the commissioners of forests, have declared that the recent edicts commanding the collection of taxes are uncon stitutional, and therefore not to be carried into execa tion. These officers have made reports to the minis teis of their several departments, • xplaining the grounds on which they mart decline to carry out the new ordinances. The lower officers will take their cue from their superiors in all doubtful cases. Moreover, the aspieme tribunal here has just decided, in a full meeting, that the question whether the stamp duties are lawfully eine, is a question not of discipline, but of judicial law. Tne effect of this decision is that the processes which may arise out of a refusal to pay tax. s, will he left to the decision of the ordinary and simply judicial courts, instead of being removed into Ono where the judgment might be influenced by the government. Illusenpflug has prepared an ordinance which is now probably in the printer's hands, directed against the press, and in tended to deliver this into the minister's power. What will be the fate of this edict, which is framed not only without the concurrence, but in direct opposition to the protests and remonstrances of the permarent committee of the Chamber may be guessed from that of the two former proclamations. The chief directorsof the government finances in Caesel have just joined in a memorial to the Elector, which will be immedietey prraented,and in which they call his attention to tile open and flag rant violation of the constitution just attempted by the ministry, and assure his Majesty that hia crown and dominions are end. ngered by the unc,natitutiong proceedings of his resvitiible advisers, concluding with the petition that his Highness will make an end of the present ruinous poli:cal condition of the state. Our correspondent at Frankton, writing on the 9th inst., says: Great sensation has been created by the news re ceived that the Elector of lime, by the a :vice < f Lis reactionary ministers, has declared the to i;ole of h's electorate in a state of ei. ge and subject to martial law. The prcclamation—which was posted on the walls of the public places and c' recta of streets at Cassel, last night, between 8 and 9 o'clock, by the gensdarmes, supported by a strong military detach ment, to prevent the former from bring interrupted and molted by the people—is worded as follows : We, F,ederiek 17 the p r, re of God, eleetor and Sovereign Lsodir. • of , The breach of the entatltu , ion con.mit44 by the wham, nt hull, and the irmffier my of the r • rting hive to j revent • sta. e of anarchy sad antinomy, make it impetatiye on t", to t extraor dinary measures in tii,e emergency, and we b.oretharelor• thought proper, after hearthg the opinion of our ministers of rate, to eserci I the prtriga iv voted in us by virtue of !ha 95th psragraph of the cohstitutioo, and theretora ordain as follows : 1. The whole of the terri•ory of Electoral RUSP:III, till further notic , . declared :a a wooed . liege, during which. howrvir, the u.ual private intermorar is not to suffer say if Prruption, and the rxecuti. II of the provisioi.s c,n•ained in the followin; arm/rapt a will he wadded to a military . . ' • tomniendeein:eltief, - un;fer whose orders the etandog may, as well u burgher-guard of the nifferent connueee, sod the whole o' the civil authorities (with the ezeeptite of the cones of justice) are placed. "Par. 2. The commander-in chief and his substitute in speciaqy entrusted with the administration of the superior police of the state. " Par. 3. All public meetings of the people are prohibited, and meetings of club. and unions can on'y take place with the consent of **local military authorities, and to be given in writing. Par. 4. No newspapers of a politleel tendency tan be published without the consent of our Mirister of the Into. rior. At least one hour beCire the piOlicatinn a copy of each impression of all political newspar n must be sent to the local military commandant, or the person be may ap point in his stead for that purpose, upon pats of the immediate suppra wion of the paper, to be effected by the pollee. The commandants or their substitutes are empowered to seize and confiscate the waole impression of any puma' contain ing abusive expressions against our sacred person, the go vernment, or its °reins, or provocations to de :bedience, or stirring up the people to opposition of the cons imted autho rities. Bubject to the sme restrictions are all political pam phlets, placards, and pictorial representations. " Par. 6. How far end in what manner the force of arms is to be made see of is cue of need, accordirst to the custom of war, depends entirely on the decision of the commander in -chief, or the military local commandant, who, in this respect, are only responsible to us. " Par. 6. The commander in-chief—an..!, in urgent cases, the military commandant of a par icular district, who, how ever, is bound to make an immediate report to us for the purpose of obtaining our approbation—is authorised to sus pend the existing civir autnotities and functionaries of the state, and to cause their dut.es to be carried on by special commissiocers, as well as to dissolve Ike civic guard, if such imam., • should be required fur the =Mottos' - nee of order is the districts under his or their authority. " Par. 7. All offences of armed opposi im to the authorities and their representatives, and all cases of rebellion and high treason, will be tried and punished according to the laws of war. " Paz. 8. The foregoing provisions will remain in force till the needful communications can he made to the parlia meat, which will be convened immediately to sanction the measure." la proof of which we have 'ivied this ordonnance with our own sign manual, and appended to it out great seal of state.--Given at Cassel, 7th Sqvembor, 1850. (Signed) FUEL/ERICK WILLIAM. (Count. reigned) 11/18111NPFLI:O. lIATNAL. BAUMBACII. DENMARK AND TIIE DUCIIIES. Oar correspondent writes u follows respecting the skirmishing at Duvecatedt and Suderstspel: _ _ _ DUVENSIEDT, Szer. 8. The troops quartered in the populous village of Duvenstedt, about five miles from ltend►barg were roused from their usual inactivity by the sudden arrival this morning, at nine o'clock, of orders for them to advance into their respective positions. Great was the bustle and hurrying to and fro in the open places, in which previously hardly an inhabitant had been visible. The Sabbath is, generally speaking, highly respected, and no kind of field labour is under taken. The soldier, however, knows in war no Sab bath, and his sudden movements speedily brought life and motion into the otherwise silent village. In • very few minutes the artillery had put to, mounted, and was on the road to its position to the right and left of the mill at Stendten, which lies on the Sorge-brook, and has been converted into a perfect fort since the Danes succeeded in crossing the brook exactly • mouth ago. The sole answer received to all inquiries was, that the Danes were in Great Breckendorf, a village about four miles and a half to the north of the mill at Stendten. Patrols were sent out in all directions on both sides of the Dutten-hills, a low range of down which run in a dae northerly direction from Duven stedt to Breckendorf, and with slight intervals to the Dannewerk at Schleswig. The patrols ad vanced some distance on both sides without meeting the enemy. Presently, however, Danish patrols were seen to mount the opposite hillocks, and were speedily followed by dense bodies of infantry and cavalry, until whole columns were seen to halt in several places. Meanwhile, several companies of riflemen and infantry, together with a detachment of cavalry and half a battery of three-pounders, had been thrown across the Sorge, on the western side of the Duttsn•hili. Similar measures had been taken on the eastern side. These were ordered to advance. The staff of the avanelank, with its gallant commander, Colonel Gerhardt, also advanced, in order to reconnoitre and endeavour to discover the designs of the Danes. While doing so a squadron of cavalry, with four twelve-pout:de!" , was seen to take up its position some fifteen or six teen hundred yards in advance. The two three pounders were at once ordered up, and commanded to open a fire on the hostile cavalry and ar tillery. Two shots had been fired from them