The Press. — London, England, 1854-08-26 00:00:00

11. 1 AUGUST 26, 1854. solar as Austria is concernekby her separate engagement with the Porte, subsist in all their force, and that now the time has arrived for their fulfilment. " I have thus fully explained to you the views of her Ma jesty's Government, which are entirely shared by the Go vernment of the Emperor of the French, with whom her Majesty's Government have been in communication upon this subject; and I have to instruct your loidship to deliver & copy of this despatch to Count Buol. I am, &c., " C LARENDON." KOSSUTH ON AUSTRIA. - . M. KOSSUTH on Monday delivered another long ad dress upon his favourite topic—" Austria and her Alliance," at Hanley, in the Staffordshire potteries district. His first and chief topic was the pending occupation of the principalities by an Austrian unit : -• • -• • •• - "It was a sad view to see English diplomacy arresting Omer Pacha from pursuing his brilliant victory at Olte nitza, and forcing him to retrace his steps across the Danube, when, if allowed to go on, he would have easily chased the Russians home a year ago, being twice as strong on the Danube as they were before Austrian-England and Austrian-France afforded time to the Czar for sending down two armies to reinforce them. Yet, if I understand the fact, to hand over to perfidious Austria the principali ties—liberated exclusively by Turkish blood, by Turkish gallantry—would have been so shocking to political mo rality that the affectation of some claim was wanted, in order to cover the turpitude of this most terrible mon strosity of our day. I mean the prearranged occupation of Moida-Wallachia by Austria. On the 14th of July a convention had been concluded between Austria and the Sultan, under the auspices of England and France. The stipulation of the convention is framed as follows The Emperor of Austria takes the obligation upon himself to exhaust all measures in the way of negotiation, and else, also, to cause the Danubian principalities to be evacuated by the foreign army which is occupying it ; and to employ, if necessary, even a number of troops required for the purpose—and will withdraw his forces from the princi palities after a treaty of peace shall have been concluded between Turkey and Russia.' Such is that treaty from which Austria desires to derive the authority for occupying the principalities. Well may Lord Clanricarde hove re marked in the House of Lords it is notot ions that Tur key was extremely reluctant to allow this authority to Austria.' Those who read the blue books know that a fortnight before the Russian legation departed from Con stantinople, and a whole month before one Russian crossed the Pruth, the English Ambassador gave the authoritative advice to the Turkish Government that not only no resist ance should be offered to the Russians on their occupying the principalities, but that they should not be resisted even on their crossing the Danube, and that forbearance should cease only on that line which could not be passed by an enemy without danger to the capital. Now, that means evidently the Balkan line. The English Government so much approved of this that Lord Clarendon insisted very strongly that positive orders should be given to Omer l'acha to keep himself in the limits of this over-timid and ruinous policy. This gives you the key to the disgraceful fact that neither your armies nor Omer Pacha did anything to Silistria. Thus you see that the allied armies went to the East with the positive orders not to act, and not to *lbw the Turks to act, on the Danube and beyond. The Russiatia knew that their power had been broken by the glorious heroism of one Single fortress garrison. They actually began their retreat on the 22nd of June, and have been aware of the fatal necessity of this retreat since the 29th of May, so disastrous to them. They wanted to have their rear secured, and the Turks kept out from the principalities; they therefore informed Austria that they were about to retreat, and required her to conclude the convention with Turkey, thus to get the required security by it. That is the history of this dirty trick. So striking are these facts that the Vienna correspondent of the very Times could not help informing his patrons that `the whole thing has been prearranged between Russia and the German powers ;' and it is ludicrous to see what pains the Ministerial organ takes the following day to counterbalance the ingenuousness of its own correspondent. " It is notorious that Austria fixed on the 3rd of July for entering Wallachia. Why so? Because Marshal Paskie wi tsch commenced his retreat on the 22nd of June. Yet Austria did not enter. V Why ? Because, counter orders having arrived from St. Petersburg, the Russians turned round, and, instead of continuing to retreat, readvanced to the Danube. So Austria stopped, and let them readvanee. I think it is clear to demonstration that if the Austrian con vention were anything but criminal collusion with Russia, then was the case to execute its stipulations, and to aid the Turks in driving out the Russians. But this Austria did not do—the remained inactive. The Turks acted ; they crossed the Danube ; had beaten the Russians decisively at Qiurgevo, Frateschti, Kalugereni, and pushed on up to Bucharest. The Russians, beaten, recross the Pruth. All this while Austria does not stir. But now . that the Russians have l e ft, now we aga i n h ear th a t Austria is entering the principalities, and claims to take what the Turks have gained. It is sheer treason and disgusting infamy. But what do you say to it, that all this is done under the auspices of England and France ? Was I not right in saying that you are made to fight and to pay,. not for assisting Turk ey,but for supporting Austrian despotism? I scarcely can wonder that some English politicians go so far as to come forth deliberately with a charge of collusion with Russia. Situated as I am, I teel not competent to say so much ; but this I dare assert, that be it premeditated design or blindness, be it love of Austria or hatred of national liberty, be it fear of Austria or fear of revolution — in a word, be it crime or fault, weakness or the Western powers are all the while doing the business of despotism, and of Austria in particular. That England has lent her authority for inducing Turkey to sign that THE PRESS. convention may have been an unintentional mistake of your Government. They may have meant to get their dear Aus tria at last, while they were the dupes of her,and made but to serve Russia. Suppose it a mistake—though, indeed, men apt to be so entrapped should be sent to their prayer-books, instead of letting them trifle with the destinies of nations. Rut if they now allow Austria to occupy the principalities, then it will be no mistake —more, it will evidently have the character of collusion with Austria at the expense of Tnrkey,just as every step of Austria ia a manifest collusion with Russia at the cost of all of you." Adverting afterwards to the question of the na tionalities, M. Kossuth repeated his advice to assail Russia through her Polish population ! " My opinion is that it is at Warsaw, by driving the wedge of a Polish insurrection into the very backbone of Russia, that T ou can be sure to take Sebastopol. For the present I desire to warn you against a dangerous imposi-• tion. The expounders of your Government's policy say, ` The object of the war is to obtain security for the future against the ambition of Russia, and to reduce her power permanently, so as to make her incapable to encroach upon the liberties of Europe. For this true object of the war, a movement across the Danube would have done very little. The broad policy of the war consists in striking at the very heart of Russia's power, and that heart is Sebastopol.' Now, gentlemen, I proclaim this assertion to be the most contemptible nonsense, or the grossest mystification, which diplomatic malice could invent. Sebastopol is an advanced guard, but not the heart, of Russia's power. The heart of Russia's power is Poland. With Poland in the dominion of Russia, the Czar is as dangerous at the Baltic as at Se. bastopol, at the Caucasus as at the Danube ; everywhere, with Poland wrested from his grasp, with Poland free, the Czar is neither dangerous on the Black Sea nor anywhere else. Can a man in his senses assert that the destroying of his fleet and of Sebastopol will deprive the Czar of the power of proving you to have beeti the most silly of mortals in this war, if you are content with snch an issue? Poland is the heart of the Czar's power. There you must strike, if you desire to strike him at heart. if you don't strike there, then I proclaim aloud, to God and to man, those assurances about reducing the power of Russia to innoxious proportions all a humbug. The public opinion of England cries aloud for the regeneration of Poland. The reconstruc tion of Poland is an indisputable guarantee to the future safety of Europe. Yet Poland, not having been permitted to take part in the struggle, could of course not enter into the conditions of settlement. I, for one, knew it from the beginning that the Government of England is decidedly hostile to that idea. I have known that the very fleets of England and France have been sent to Constantinople with the express purpose of hindering the Turkish Govern ment from affording some facility to the regeneration of Poland and Hungary. I know that England's aristocratic Government would move heaven and earth, and hell, to oppose revolution, and rather spare and save the enemy of England than do him harm by countenancing a popular movement, though directed against England's enemy. I know, in a word, that England's Government is the great conservator of despotism on the Continent." THE increase in the strength of the nation during the last thirty years is strongly exemplified by facts collected in the " Census Report." In 1821 the number of males in Great Britain under 20 years of age and the number above 20 were nearly equal. The census of 1851 reveals a very different state of things. The increase in the young population (under 20) since 1821 has been rather more than 2,500,000; the increase in the adult population (above 20) has been more than 4,000,000. The males at the soldier's age of 20 to 40 amounted to 1,966,064 in 1821, and to 3,193,490 in 1851: the in crease in the 30 years is equivalent in number to a vast army of more than 1,200,000 men. While the population under 20 increased 37 per cent., the popu lation between 20 and 40 increased 60 per cent. Assuming that the population under the age of 10 years, and the great bulk of the population of the age of 70 and upwards, are chiefly sustained by the industry of Lhs population living in the middle period of life, extending from the age of 20 to the age of 60, it will be found that, in 1821, the 6.367,991 persons of the middle age sustained 4,355,166 children and old persons, or 68 per cent. of their own number; while, in 1851, only 5,797,295 ineffectives by age (57 per cent.) were sustained by 10,082,296 of effective population. Tested by these facts, the strength of the nation has increased faster than its numbers. THE COURT-MARTIAL ON LIEUTENANT PERRY closed formally on Saturday last, but the members met on Monday to consider their sentence, and re mained in deliberation thereon with closed doors for several hours. The nature of their decision is kept a secret, but rumour goes that it is favourable to Lieutenant Perry. There are even reports current in Windsor of an intention to bring a third (or fourth) charge against him, so as to place him once more on trial. Lieutenant Perry is a native of Rom sey. His father rose from the ranks, and was made a paymaster. Perry had his commission given to him on account of the long services of his father. He was always considered a very worthy young fellow. Arrangements are being made in Windsor for the purpose of getting up a subscription to aid Lieutenant Perry in defraying the enormous ex penses to which he has been subjected by the late trials. 1'97 lottign anb dolonial gtatiligrat. FRANCE. On Saturday last the cannon of the Invalides, with a salute of 101 guns, announced to the Parisian public the capture of llomanund by the allied forces. Much interest and gratification were occasioned by the news in the French capital. The Mites rose considerably on the Bourse. In the evening the salons of Marshal Valliant, the War Minister, were crowded with official and military personages, who came to congratulate him on the triumph that had been achieved. The Emperor is expected in Paris on the 28th inst., and will proceed to the camp of Boulogne on the Ist of September. All the troops destined for the camp of the north are either already arrived or on their march to their cantonments. The grand manceuvres are not to take place until the last two weeks of September. The Emperor has placed at the disposal of the general staff a considerable sum for prizes to be distributed to the best marksmen. A communication by telegraph is established throughout the camp, and also with Paris. Orders despatched from Biarritz arrive in twenty-five minutes. The Manger de Bayonne of the 19th gives the following details of the movements of the Emperor and Empress of the French : " The Empress takes her bath in the sea every morning, and during that time the Emperor visits the works of the new imperial residence, which are going on with great activity, and are to be completed in ten months. The chateau is to be called the Villa Eugenie. The effect pro duced by the baths has been so favourable to the health of her Majesty that she will continue them for about a month longer. The Emperor will return to Paris at the end of this mouth, but her Majesty will remain until the 20th of September." At the request of the Minister of War, twenty-five sisters of St. Vincent de Paul wi II embark by the next packet from Marseilles, and will be followed by twenty-five others as soon a .9 possible, to attend the French hospitals attached to the army serving in the East. It is expected that the number will be increased to one hundred. The followiag communique is published by the Bayonne journal : " The foreign press has been greatly preoccupied with the visit of M. de I'ersigny to Biarritz. It states that he had been summoned there by telegraph, either to proceed on a mission in Spain, or occupy a new post in the Government. We are authorised to declare that the visit of M. de Persigny has no political object." The Minister of the Interior has addressed a first warning to the Pays, for the publication of an article " containing erroneous allegations relative to a pre. tended refusal on the part of the Ottoman Govern ment of the intervention of England and France in the guarantee and survellance of the Turkish loan." Wednesday's Moniteur publishes a decree reducing the customs duties on dye-stuffs, vanilla, beet, potass, and marble. Mademoiselle Sophie Soult, the sister of the late Marshal Soult, died at SL Amans on August 13th, at the age of eighty•one. The Government will, it is said, publish an official return of the cases and deaths by cholera in Paris, there being a decided diminution in the number of cases, and an amelioration of the character of the malady. Hitherto the mere fact of publicity not being allowed created a suspicion that the cholera was raging furiously in Paris. There was an im pression at Rouen that the cholera was causing from three to four hundred deaths a day in the capital when the number wai really under fifty, and two thirds of the merchants and manufacturers, who had been in the habit of coming to Paris once a week, have not been there for nearly two months. The same impression seems to have prevailed in England. The number of English who have visited Paris in July and the present month was little more than one-tenth of what it was in the corresponding periods of last year. GERMANY. The Moniteur contains an official announcement that the Austrians entered Wallachia on the 20th (Sunday). The whole corps of occupation were to have passed the frontier by the 23rd. Two brigades have marched from Hermannstadt, and another bri gade from Kronsdadt. Bucharest, Krajova, and Lesser Wallachia will be occupied. The advanced guard will reach Bucharest on the sth of September. Three brigades of the army of Count Coronini are preparing for a similar movement into Moldavia. Letters from Orsova, to the 22nd, state that the anniversary of the birth of his Majesty the Em peror Francis Joseph was celebrated on the 18th at Rutschuk with great rejoicings. Omer Pacha, with the whole of his staff and all the foreign officers, attended the ceremonies usual on such occasions in the consular chapel. A Berlin despatch of the 17th states that " the Prussian Government insists that the negotiations between the Western powers and Russia shall be submitted to the Diet. This Austria refuses."