The Express. — London, England, 1850-01-01 00:00:00

gut ewelifs. OUTGOING NAILS. The Wert Isdia Melodies Bermuda, Smug'lt, Names, lin , derm, New Orleans, sad Muth" sad euladieg awes few Markin. Bt. saa-de-Niseressa, New Gresada, awl P ot enman be aide up armoire°. marelag. Jae. 2. Ti. milk Ise Iterbeele. tit* Brune, sad Baum Apree,well be made up ea the rade, Jut. 4. The malls he Lobes, ilpela, sad Gibraltar will be made up es Jan. 7. The mile Marseillee, te the Mediterramem, Ceplau, tedie„ lieurieep, !a, tie be made up on the *amigo et Joe. 7. The mods fee Brh Nardi Amities arid the Status will be mute a pes the maim of Jas. 11. Tithed The snag ice Gibraltar, Malts, Greece, the Isaiah Wends, Egypt, Ceylon, Incite, sod Cbtss. eta Beathamptos, will be made up es the eversirg of Jas. 19. 141014 WATS% AT LONDON 1101110411. Tau Dal —14444d4g. TN. 405 Aftersois. 4 %Ala 14•••••444-11rAling. 414. /44. AAosies. 4 14. Wm LONDON, TUESDAY. JANUARY 1. literoaT wil amnia flew erects more than the years l which close the first half of the pre sent century. No convalMea so rude - et:al has taken W mince the religious outburst of the Reformation. We do not augur for the present a course so long and so sanguinary as that great struggle. There is not the same stubborn element of difference in political as in religious creeds. And government by violence, by the mere law of the strong hand, is a creed that no one any longer believes in, not even the military chiefs who practise it. The mind of the despot and the spirit of his councillors have had their convictions @hakes& And popular opinion steeds before them as a spectre, to be braved for a moment, but not perma nently defied. • The history of the last two years can be briefly told: first, the compression of the middle and intelli gent, as well as of the lower and labouring classes, to a degree that forced the outburst ; then the instantaneous and universal triumph of the people over their blind, imbecile, and pusillanimous meats; next, the assertion of superiority C ire tre lower class over toe titnens, with the pursuit of lower clams theories. Then instantly ensues division between upper and lower class, in countries developed, like France and north °tr inity, and a division between races in heterogeneous empire', such as Austria. Of these divisions the old governments soon took advents e, and aroused them selves from torpor end trembling to do so. To their other follies the people bad added the enormous one' of insulting the military without crushing or disband ing them; and the soldier had his professional pique to avenge, as well as governments their authority to recover. S 3 natural a reaction was of court* ea victorious in 1849, as the onward im pulse had been irresistible in 1818. Each year forms a movement of the mighty pendulum, forwards, backwards. And if we look solely at the pendulum we might despair. But on looking to the hands of the world's time-piece, we shall find them to have moved imperceptibly on, and that, after all, we are no longer where we were on the first of January, 1848. We shall have, no doubt, at this new year's dawn, loud weans from the laureates of despotism, and con gratulations that throughout all Europe the people have been put down. That victory, however, is a doubtful one, after which the triumphant party are obliged to pay court to the de feated. We do not find that the kings of the pre sent day see either profit or security in beating up the old buttresses of thrones. They 123 longer rely upon an aristocracy which they scarcely recognise, even in their octroyed constitutioas. The armies they are compelled to mite and to pay for defence against their neighbours, and for the keeping down their own people. are necessarily composed of se large a propor tion of that people, that the military element is perhaps of all tee most dangerous and the most demo cratic. Nor is there a continental prince who must not feel that to build desrotism upon an army, such armies as era now raised. were but to erect a tempo rary and floating throne, upon an ever heaving and fluctuatiog ocean. There is not one therefore even of the veriest of tyrants, that is rot compelled to consult public opinion, and to endeavour to form a system of govern ment consonant with, and satisfactory to it. Not merely the President of the French Republic, but such monarchs as the King of Prussia, commandi, g 500,000 taithful soldiers, sod the Austrian Em peror himself, deleted, like Roman candidates into the popular Forum, end by act anti word beseech the people to grant them their sweet voices. In Prussia, notwithstanding all the tendencies of a reactionary minieery, we see the great principles of constitutional government, become of themselves de veloped and respected. The freedom of the press, the judgment by jory, the right of represen tation, all display themselves in vigour. Twee are cotquests of Vele, boons that never would leave been granted or enjoyed but for that revolu , ion. And much as one may deplore the excesses of that great popular convulsion, Germany most for ever bless the great idea and principle, of which it deve loped the existence and secured the survivaL Of Germany, indeed, and of all German speskiag races, we now feel assured of the liberation, the union, and the onward progress. There may be obstacles and pauses, difficulties and dangers; bat the impulse is already given; the German mind is all awake, the steam is np, the train in motion ; and the princes that refuse to go with it will either be flung able, or crushed beneath the wheels. And Germany, we need not say, is now the earths, well as the central power of Europe. From such a power as that, burning in bright flame, must issue rays that will dispel all darkuers from our coati neut. Italy, &helve* Poland, cannot crouch in the night of a military despotism, with the light of a free and lietelligent people not only turned upon, but actually toachi:g them. One might have wished to see the old dynasty of Austria take part in and accelerate such a change, and thereby not only aid in German regene ration, but employ German power to en lighten and emancipate those of its east ern provinces inhabited by other races, and speaking other tongues. Thetreachery,imbecility,and impolicy of Austria has, however, delivered over its Sclavunian provinces to Russian in fluence, leaving its German pro vinces to follow German fortunes. Thus weak, bank rupt, and torn asunder, Austria is incapable of play ing that conservative part which its admirers, who know it but in the past, still vainly hope from it. No more marked result has followed the moral earth quake of 1848 than the golf which it has created be tween Germany and ficlavonis ; and that chasm runs through the very centre of the Austrian empire, through its very metropolis. After this, who can hope to keep such as empire together ? There is no denying that the depsrition and disap pearance of so great a mate seems likely to be at tended with disastrous consequences. The aggran disement that it gives, and the increased influence that it offer. to Russia, is alarming. But &Livonia has a will and a mind, as well as Germany. And we are much mistaken if it be not found as difficult to manage the &neoplasm from St. Petersburg, as it has been found impossible to dominate them from Vienna. Every day that passes will demonstrate the impossibility of snatching and bartering and playing with provinces, as if they were private property. After the sentiment of a common creed, that of a common origin and nationality is strongest. And one of the chief vocations of Usese two years has been to develop and to strcuthen the principle. Of France we would gladly be silent, the dire ex periment which it has made and which it is still evolving, has nullified its influence in Europe. France has, indeed, stepped beyond its frontier with an army, bat that has been merely to do dirty work for Ant trim At home France may be said to have neither go vernment, nor legislature, nor policy, nor tendency, neither intellectual freedom nor material prosperity. The country might do well either es a republic or as a monarchy, could it pat faith in either. But the quarrel between its classes is too profound to admit at present of its attaining an state more stable than that of a true in the mi dst of civil war. Of are thing, however, we may be certain, which is, •. • that popular influe nee must prevail, and that neither tyranny, nor oligarchy, the rule of a moo, or the rule of a coterie, can long maintain themselves. The French people are masters and will remain masters of that fire couetey, and the sooner they are pacified, instructed, °mediated, and comp Handed with be the military and political eller es that straggle for ephemeral power, the sooner will Frame enter up,n a state of regular government end universal acquiescence in it. There are no countries which offer more Jowl for satirisation at the present menreat than those which moved the convulsion * rem) of 1848. If we contemp t 's * co • 1 we shall find them recovered 'front panic of that epoch, and eknie.tly2weedheg theft. ways back to the paths of politilial and oiniebrcial libera lity. From Spain our tidings are of amnesty to ex;les, of a reduction of the army, and a lowering of the tariff. Holland has reformed its canstitution most liberally. Both Holland and Belgium are repealing their navigation laws. Of Sweden the OM story is to be told. And even Russia, we learn, however grim span the Danube, talks liberalism upon the Neva. and proposes to mitigate the interdict which it gland on English ideas and English twist. In this hasty glance at the state and prospects of i Europe, if there be much to desir e and to re g ret, there s still ample occasion for congratulation and for hope. The sky may be clouded , and the day dark, M a t there are still streaks of blue is the one, and rof sunshine in the other. Great as bonbon i esswelaions of society, with the misery and loss asessiesat upon them, nevertheless the elements of ratan freedom and mnaty have been so turned up to light and profit, that ho wever the actual generation may lament and shudder at the events of 1848, the world will owe an infinite acceleration of progress, and a great increase of moral and material prosperity to this year of effort, of change, and of catastrophe. memorable 1 to TnE domestic retrospect of 1849 is eminently fitted to inspire popular hope and to stimulate popular ex ertion. Its characteristics are twofold—industrial and political; the former suggestive of emotions of unmuigled triumph, the other of feelings more che quered in their kind, yet fall also of encouragement and instruction. We have seen the last chapter added to the charter of Commercial Freedom. We have seen the great principle of competition applied to ship ping as well as to the innumerable articles of ' import and export trade in which it is em ployed. In all that regards the commerce of the country with its neighbours we have at length got back to first principles, and proclaimed to all the world that, after multiplied experiments, devices, and cantrivances, we know nu other way to wealth than the broad and open road of Universal Competition. Already is that great highway o' peace and civilisa tion more thronged than the crooked path, of protec tionism ever were. There are more competitors in the race of national industry than there ever were before, and there is more profitable production to be divided between capital and labour. Money is abundant, and so is food. In other words both are cheap, cheaper than at as same time both ever were before. There have been former periods when money waste cheap in Lom bard-street, and them have been farmer seasons when wheat was even lower than it is now. But there sever was a time when the employer and the em ployed were both so well off—when discounts and dinners were both so easily had by honest men— when enterprise found it as easy to obtain the means of carrying out its creative purpose, as labour found it to obtain in exchange for its daily wages the daily necessaries and comforts of life. The industrial epitaph of 1849 is that it produced more than any that had gone before it, and that it enjoyed more of the good things it produced. The harvest was large, but popular appetite was larger, sad there being no longer any need to stint consump tion within the limits of home grown food, we imported from abroad many millions worth beside, and are now busily engaged in consuming them. How were they paid for ? By increased exports of those commoditit s of which we have skill, and capital, and labour sufficient to produce any amount that we can get anybody to buy of us. And the glory and good of this exhilarent freedom of trade is this,—that there seems to be no reason why it should not con tinue to expand indefinitely. Do our best, end we are not likely to overtake the wants of the human race. We make shirts, and knives, and ribbsnds for • great many millions of foreign customers; but there are tea times as many who purchase little or nothing from us,—all of whom could give us in payment numberless things that would add to our comfort, and lighten the weight of our toil. Nor can we hope to see an inert sling absorption of still unemployed labour, or the per manent diminution of poor rate., by any other means. The boast of free trade may well be that in the first fair year of its experimental adoption, • greater number of people eat enough of bread than bad ever previously been known, and that every pound of it has been paid for in the creative labour of those by whom it has been consumed. Turning to the pilitical side of our national reckon ing, a strange but most suggestive ecntrast presents itself. While the proportions of popular strength and intelligence have been growing space, the constitu tional rights wherewith it thus palpably needs and unfortunately claims to be endued have in no respect whatever been enlarged. New regiments of industry have been embodied; yet they are denied the honour of a uniform, or the use of arms. The state which felicitates itself upon their devoted loyalty, their matchless Ain, their productive energy, their auxi liary strength, as given to the moral and political influence of the empire—pauses, parley., and looks puzzled, when this invaluable adjunct asks, es is na tural and just, to be recognised as part and parcel of the citizenship of the realm. But the day for aria- I hieratic doubts is passed. Industry has come to the condition of maturity, and can no longer be excluded from the inheritance of power. England is no longer the hunting-ground of nobles, or the (air men condescendingly lent to traders for the show and sale of their wares. Trade has made England its own. It holds the key of crumbling oligarchies gates, and many who still linger within their shadow are already there on sufferance. 'Twere well to end the controversy while it can be ended amicably, be fore the gathering indignation of the excluded wealth and worth of the community grows ungovernable, and the expostulatory accents in which the middle end the working classes now ask for admission to their fair share of constitutional rights be exchanged far imperative demand and scornful defiance of the power that shall continue to refuse it. From the hour that free trade was carried, it be came manifest that the franchise mast become the great question of the day. It has become so ; and the troth is confessed in the menus with which every plotting enemy of the one endeavours to decry the other. And if there be wisdom and comase among those who won three years ago the battle of free tmde, they will] prepare to carry the exten sion of the franchise and its necessity concomitants without further delay. In the popular cause !hm can be no danger of reaction except in the imbecile hesitation to advance. To halt or waver is to invite assault. It is because so little has been gained during the last two sessions, that the bankrupt and desperate partisans of territorial ascendancy have summoned up courage to talk aloud of a return to protection. They have watched the effect of retrogressive annals from high places, and chuckled over the seeming evidences of disunion among the irresolute and inert of the people's friends. And from all this they have ventured to infer that the session of 1850 will be even as that of 1848 and 1849, or still more disastrous. It must not be. The assembling of parliament is but a few weeks off, but if any time for concert is required that interval is already abundant to determine on the course which ought to be pursued. To muster strong and to pull to- gether are obvious duties. To meet the old advocates of dearness, preference, and exaction unyieldingly requires no prompting. In this we shall confessedly have the entire co-operation of the Whigs and Pulite', who deem their peculiar interests and character involved in maintaining the inviola bility of the corn law of 1846. But class legislation is a Proteus in its way. Its cupidity is inventive of new wiles, and its selfishness is full of cunning. Failing in its first essay to put a tax on food, it will infallibly resort to some more covert scheme of plunder, sad under the pretence of re-adjusting taxation or mug ether fair-sounding phrase, it will try to shift Os share of the common bnrthen upon industry. Will the Whigs and Peelites prove al dar t 106 on that whereon theyflo:l thateh on tiliesy each no h coa lave turning room ? We hope they may ; but let any nsalous friend of freedom and of progress ask himself whether it is endurable that we should continue to hold even that which we have gained, upon sub tenure ? Another schedule A, including the fifty smallest and basest sinks of territorial corruption, and a transference of the power they unworthily exercise to plugs at pre sent unrepresen'ed— the Ixten,*on of the suffrage to every person rated or liable to be rated to the relief of the poor—and, finally, the concession of the ballot: thus would crush, and crush for ever, the hopes and THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVEN], JANUARY 1, MO. plootec r ef reestiren We arlt liji neuale MO that aaWber to then, la the Aspect if teethes or of Inmea, weir tight—it is plain that be the semkg , hessices t* a day ought to be lost in rain ke tbe 'Bram entrenehies meet of the people. If ministers that have been, or ministers that ale, shin peeve themselves as or alive to the origami's of Ste crib as they ought to be, we shall win with ease a guarantee for all that has been hitherto achieved, and pommel°a of the means whereby all else that is desirable may be won. Bat whether Whip or Peelites are yet awake, is not the question. The people are, and will no longer wait. Freedom of industry must be put beyond all question, and freedom of representation must be secured at any cost. I hive penieuely adduced prove insufficient, lam sure deter/AM you to insert this letter. Madame Hossath is (or was until recently) con misled in Hungary. She bad refund to follow her buebsnd is the hope of rejoining her children. All the efforts of the Austrian police have hitherto been unavailing to discover her retreat—has this Agadir been devised to draw her from her hiding plea P I am, Sir, your obedient servant, THE AUTHOR OF REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA. London, Deo. 27, 1849. COPT OP POSTSCRIPT TO LEITER TO TEI "TIMES." P.S. I have Just seen in your paper a letter from Count Edmmd Zichy, in which he says, " Kossuth, on entering Turkey, positively refused to allow his baggye to be searched," and " the spur. (a pair of emerald spurs) were offered by Kossuth himself at Widdin, on the feast of the Bauam, to the Pacha, who refused the gift." I cannot believe that any attempt was made to search the baggage of Kossuth, but I know that that baggage consisted of one small portmanteau and a pair of saddle-biga never locked, and the whole con tents of which were often untidily displayed to the in spection of all visitors. On the oormaion of Kossuth's only visit to the Paths of Widdin during the feast of the Bairam, I also visited the Pacha, and was present during the whole interview. M. Kossuth was ac companied by Count Casimir Batthyani, and by five or six officers; and I can vouch for the fact, that he never offered to the Pacha any thing beyond the compliments of the season. Count Zichy could hardly be expected to explain that his unfortunate brother (besides other treason able papers) had in his carriage for distribution several thousind proclamations of Jellachich, at that time de clared a traitor and a rebel both by the Emperor and the Diet, and occupied in ravaging Hungary with fire and sword. The jewels and all other property . of Count Zichy were legally confiscated by the Diet, and Komuta prosecuted and punished the attempted appropriation of it by the police. During the war in Transylvania, Bem made application for secret service money to counter-bribe a neighbouring authority. Some of Count Zichy's jewels, as the most portable articles of value, were sent from the treasury on due receipt, through the intermedium of a Wallachian agent, but I defy Count Zichy to show that Kossuth ever re tained, received, or handled, any portion of this or any other national property. The Zichys are unfortunate, one having been shot by the Austrian", the other banged by his countrymen ' as a traitor ; but this is no reason why Count Edmond should calumniate Kossuth, who never sanctioned that nor any other political execution. FRANCE. PARIS, SVMDAT. 630 rx General Ls Hitte, in the name of the government, exposed to the Legislative Assembly the policy of the government in the La Plata question. Government will not send an expedition against Roses, nor will it ratify Lepredour's treaty, but it will negtoiate. Such is, in a few words, the substance of M. de La Hitte's statement. It seems Coat it was after considerable difficulty that the cabinet came to this decision. Yet it appeared at first that in the council four ministers had declared for an armed intervention, and three against. However, it is to be presumed that the re solution of the committee had some influence on the de cision of the cabinet, for I find that the Constitu tionnel attacks the committee with great vehemence this morning, saying that, oat of three courses, the committee had the choice. It might have advised the re-opening of negotiations, or the abandonment of the affair altogether, or it might have recommended war; bat it did none of these things, and government, afraid of assuming a respon sibility which the committee had rejected, thought it best to take a middle course. This is a sign of weak ness in the executive—the more glaring, as it has hitherto sought to deprive the chamber of initiative, by proposing vigorous measures itself, and now it hesitates. M. de Larochejaquelin was the second speaker in the debate on this quest:on yesterday. M. de L< , - rochejacquelin is in favour of an armed force; he said that he thought a force cf 4,000 men and some volun teers suffic ent to bring to reason both Roses and Dribs. He recalled to the chambers the fact that a French force, under Captain Goulette de Venancourt, had in a very short time obtained a solution to an affair in the La Eats, by the employment of those means which Admiral Leine proposed. To recoil be fore Roses would be a dishonour to France; not, in ,:eed, that he considered the enemy to be weak, but be counted open the bravery of France. M. de la Hitte said he was sorry, as a soldier, to be forced to more peaceable advice than that of the honourable member who had spoken before him. I have given you, in a few words, the state ment which he made. It Is only necessary to add that General de la Hitte expressed himself further to the effect that it en armed intervention were resolved on, no less a force than 10,000 men would suffice, and it would be impossible to fix beforehand the time of the occu pation. U. Darn, reporter of the committee, made a most brilliant and energetic reply to M. de la Hitte. He said that the conclusion to which the committee had 'me was this—to denounce the convention of June 22, not ratify the treaty, not negotiate. Such was the conclusion it had come to, and which it main tained. He would endeavour to show that out of these three the Assembly could not sanction a single course. Bat these three solutions being put aside a fourth and a fifth course remain. Either direct action or abandonment of the whole affair. The committee had net thought fit to judge between these two most important alternatives, but its opinion was given in favour of action. The situation given to Rome by the convention of June 22 was too favourable to him and too unfavourable to France, whilst it was hard and cruel upon Monte Video. M. Lepredour himself had said that it was impossible to treat on favourable ground with Roses, whose situation had been made an excellent one by the convention of June 22. On the one hand, his arms was fed and clothed at the expense of the republic of Uruguay. On the ether, the Rio de la Plata is no longer blockaded : trade goes on freely with Buenos Ayres, whilst Monte Video is blockaded. This state of things was good for Roses, bad for France, and hard upon Monte Video. M. Darn then pulverised the Lepredour treaty, whilst he excused its author. He chat acter ised it as giving all to France's enemy and nothing to France. It gave Roses the empire of South America : it was dishonour to France, and ruin to Monte Video. Further than this, to abandon Monte Video would be a breach of France's word. M. Darn then showed what would become of South America were it given up to Roses: French trade ruined, French influence gone, and France hu miliated. The debate was again adjourned at the request of M. Ronher , the Minister of Finance. At the commencement of the sitting M. Fould presented a bill regulating anew the savings' banks of the country. In future no depositor can pay in more than 100 fr. per weak. Benefit societies can pay no more than 300 per week, and the interest is reduced to 44 per cent. The Dix Decernbre speaks of a prorogation of the assembly on the Ist of February, and other journals mention as possible another message from the presi dent on the 2nd of January. The Moniteur of this morning contains a law proroguing the dissolution of the mobile guard till the 30th of January, and a decree authorizing the calling out of 80,000 men. P.S.—I learn that in consequence of the effect made on the assembly by the speech of M. Darn, the assembly and the president have determined to join in proposing an expedition of 8,000 men to act against Rosen The President of the Republic sent through his secretary to invite the assembly to come and visit him oaths occasion of New Year's-day, but M. Dupin said that the assembly would only laugh at him if he read the letter to it. He put it in hr pocket, but nevertheless the chamber will go, and pocket its dig nity, which is said to have been inert since the little affair of the inauguration of the Palmist de Justice. IIIONDLY 11 A. 16 On Saturday the President of the Republic received a numerous deputation of gentlemen from the depart-1 meats •of the Nord, Pas-de-Calsis, Aisne, Oise, and! Somme, who came to solicit the speedy introducticm of n bill for the relief of the landed property by a sys tem of loans on real property, calculated to place capi tal at the command of agnoultariate on easier condi tions than hitherto under the old. mortgage system. CALUMNIES AGAINST KOSSUTH The following letter, we are informed, was lately forwarded to the editor of the news : MlL—There appeared in your paper of the 26th, a calumnious statement, affecting the character of a public man and of a gentlewoman of spotless reputa tion. Many weeks must necessarily elapse, ere M. Kossuth, or Countess Dembinski's husband, or the Hungarian emigration, can bear of or Wats that accusation. I have reason to know the utter utter falsity of the unmanly charge; I em, perhaps, the only person at the present moment in this ens try who can speak from personal knowledge as the subject, and should therefore think myself ieglestrel of en actual duty if I allowed the reptitadss et is innocent lady and of an illustations patriut, M semis even temporarily under the slanderous aspossien. You, Mr. Editor, as a journalist , I doubt not, will see suffici ently the "Prieof deferring to the spirit of fair play, and feel su fficiently anxious to maks reparation for the calumny which has crept into your columns by giving insertion to its refutation. refutation I shall endeavour to effect by a simple statement of what I personally ascertained and wit nessed, without comment, beyond the remark that I distinctly charge the author or authors of the UMW tion with utter, wilful, and malignant hleehood. Ike conduct of your Vienna correspondent, who has sp . cificelly chosen to accept the responsibility of these defamatory lies, for which he vouches, would be difficult to characterise by expressions less offensive. I need hardly recall more of the substance at this pretended correspondence from Saunas, which overtly accuses Madame Dembinski of an improper intimacy with the late Presi dent Governor of Hungary, alleging that she travelled with him under a false name, in man's attire; that Kossuth had lost, in consequence, the command of the emigrants, which had been g:ves to Perczel ; that Perezel represented the. democratic, Bstthyani the aristocratic party; that they were both at variance with Kossuth, and that the cores-' spondent recognised a female in the disguise of mili tary rank and uniform. I have the honour of the acquaintance of M. Kos suth, of Madame Dembinski and her husband, of Count Bathyani, and of General Perczel. I spent (with the exception of occasional absences) two months with the Hungarian emigration at Widdin, and accompanied it part of the way on its march to Shumla. During the chief part of that time I w4i lodged in the house of Kossuth. There were at Widdin, besides myself, three Englishmen, to whom I can appeal for the strict accuracy of my statements, that is to say, General Guyon, the correspondent of the Daily News, and your own correspondent, re specting whom you will perhaps appreciate my silence if I am not here more explicit. In the first place, there did not exist in the emigra tion any. 'names' ic or democratic party. The refugees, like the bulk of the Hungarians, occupied themselves ro more with such questions than the English in the lime of Queen Elizabeth, when menaced by the Armada. M. Kossuth, Count Batthyani, and General Perczel, always on a friendly footing, had recently contracted the closest intimacy. On the night of my departure I heard them pledge themselves to the most perfect moat during the whole continuance of their exile, and agree, as far as possible, never to allow themselves to be separated from each other. The last accounts that I (and I believe any one in this smutty) have received from Spur's, indicate rather an increase than any diminution of this good under standing. With regard to the deprivation of Kee seth's command over the emigration, the ex president governor never attempted to assume any civil or military control or other pre-eminence whatever over the emigrants beyond the spontaneous deference conceded to his late supremacy, antecedents, and renown. General Guyon had the military com mand of the emigration. On his departure for Con siantinop:e it was assumed by Mourad Pacha (Gee. Beni). And Mound Pacha having quitted Widdin, in an armed steamer, before the emigration com menced its march, the command of the Hungarians devolved naturally on General PercseL Besides a few canteen women there were but two females—the Countesses Batthyani and Dembinski— accompanying the emigration. The story of the lady in uniform is a sheer fabrication. I come now to Madame, or more properly, the Countess Dembinski, and if obliged to enter into seemingly indelicate details, must plead as my apology both to that lady and to the public the grossness of the outrage to which she is victim. Madame Dembinski is the daughter of a merchant of Arad, end the wife of Count Dembinski, a Gal- Helen nobleman, and relative of the general of that name. Madame Dembineki, who has been some months married, may be eighteen, her husband about five -and-twenty years of age. adame Dembineki was married before she ever saw Kossuth. She fol , lowed her husband to the camp ; and I have heard both him and herself relate that, excepting during tree continuance of an engagement, they had never since their marriage been even for a day separated from each other. Madame Dembinski is of an almost infantine simpli city, and has never attempted any interference in politics. Count Dembinski, being attached to the person of Kossuth, spends his whole time under Ku suth's roof, and (since the late President Governor has kept a table) the Countess Dembineki presides over it. Both Count and Countess Dembinski are in ill health and still suffering from intermittent fever, caught during their retreat from Hungary. Kossuth, who is old enough to be their father, seems to take a paternal interest in this young couple. Kossuth, during the first part of his sojourn at Widdin, inhabited the house of the chief of the pike, in which he occupied a single room, together with an aide-camp and his interpreter. Here, heins without convenience for the preparation of any reviler repast, I found him eating his solitary meal set of rude earthenware with an iron spoon. During the last month of his stew, in consequence I et plesseptory orders f.om Constantinople, the best ha em is Widdin was placed at his dispos al ; but, as he would not dispossess the owner, whose harem filled the upper story, only the four ground-floor apartments were occupied by him, and served to lodge some dozen persons of his suite, besides servants. The room which he day and night inhabited was, in both houses, acoording . to the Turkish fashion, always open to allow free ingress to all comers, and could only be closed by a curtain drawn across the doorway. Kossuth, during the whole of his stay in Widdin, may therefore be said to have lived in a eau house, and, amidst the empty honours finally paid him, had constant reason to complain of the want of privacy. The Count and Counter Dembinski did not lodge in the same house with Kossuth, except en two exceedingly cold nights, when in consequence of their state of hull a room was ceded to them, its former occupants being quartered for the time upon Kossuth. For the same reason, the late president-governor, to whom a comfortable travelling carriage had been presented, gave a seat in it to the Dembinski'', whose earflap had no springs. The last day that I accompanied the march I saw Kossuth on horseback, with Count Batthyani on one band and General Perezel on the other, and Count Dembinski with his lady following in the carriage. Is it noose- Nary that I should seriously add that to the beat of my belief end knowledge Madame Dembinski, who is dis tinguished by graces essentially feminine, never ar rayed herself in male attire in her life P In conclusion I can frame but one conjecture as to the motive of this unfounded and scurrilloaa attack on a suffering, inoffensive, expatriated woman, and on a husband and father so notoriously devoted as M. Kos lath to his own elfe and children. That conjecture, Mr. Editor, (and I conceive your stassequent dread of any participation in such a INENIse, however involuntary) will, if the menus a 5.4%.: M. Charles Duveyrier introduced the deputation. The ministers of agnoulture and commerce, of the in terior,. and thanes were present. M. Hubert, mayor of Onward (Oise), and president of the deputation, read a speicoh, Inviting the president to ammo the initiative of the above measure, which was loudly called for by all the landowners and agriculturists of the country. The president replied that his only wish was for the prosperity of the nation, that he was firmly convinced the credit fonder ' which had pro dared such an excellent effrot in Germany, would prow* a great bane& to Franoe, and that goiernment would use ha utmost endeavoars to obtain ha eats- bliehtaent as soon as the existing law on mortgage had been amended. The Mositeur announces that on Sunday the Mar quis of Normanby obtained a private audience of the President of the Republic, at which he presented a letter from Queen Victoria, announcing the death of her late Majesty the Queen Dowager. The President, as a preliminary step, has inserted the following in the Moniteur. The committee on mortgage reform having formed a project of law on the subject, the same has been submitted to the Coun cil of State, for the consideration of that body. The Moniteur declares it to beunti ue thatany letters has been written front the Secretary's office at the Presidency, asking M. Dupin when it would be con venient for them to come in a body to visit Louis Na poleon, on the occasion of New Year's Day. The Constitutionnet, referring to the debate on the La Plata question, says that the difference between the opinions of the committee of the Assembly as re presented by M. Darn, and those of the government, as announced by the minister of war, is more apparent than real. The opinion of the committee is that " the mere pure and simple employment of negotiations," mast be abandoned. " Now, says tne Constitution net, there are modes of negotiation which imply action. We have reason to believe that M. Darn understands and admits a system of polities composed of the two elements; and, on the other band, we are certain that the government would not engage in a new negotiation without having the means necessary to ensure a certain protection to our countrymen, and such as would be a point d'appui, and great chance of success for the negotiation itself; so that the govern ment and the committee, while disagreeing about words, agree as to substance, and we hope that to morrow will prove that the good understanding exists." Seventeen of the persons who were arrested some time since in the Rue Rumford, on a chart.,e of having conspired to overthrow the government of the re public, and to restore the Bourbons, are to be tried on the double charge of having constituted a secret scciety, end of having assembled privately to discuss political subjects without permission from the muni cipal authorities. The charge of conspiracy has been abandoned. _ . _ _ _ A letter from Toulon of the 26th ult. announces e arrival in that port of the steam-frigate Veloce, Civita Vecchia, having Admiral Brudin on The; 20th Regiment of the line, forming part of the army of Italy, had embarked for Algeria, and three other regiments were about to return to France. _ I have read letters from your Roman correspondent, dated the 20th inst. The Papal Commission, with the approbation of the superior authorities, has esta blished and ordered the following impositions : 1. Fifteen per cent. en the dation, and unual tax upon rural and urban property, with the exception of vineyard. —2. Two quettriui (one halfpenny) for every gallon, and 10 bajoechi (41d.) for every barrel of wine, beer, or vinegar.- 8. Three bajocchi and a half for every gallon, and one dollar foe every: barrel of aquas vita, spirit, rum, or rosolio.-4. The present water rates for the Vergine, Felice, and Paoli conduits are doubled. The above-named impositions will come into force on the let of January of the year 1950. (Bistf•ed) Prince ODESCALCIII, President, &c. tto. From the Capitol, Dee. 18, 1849. News from the French West Indies bring the result of the elections at the Isle de la Reamer ; none of the candidates obtained a sufficient number of votes. MONDAY, 5.30 P.N. The Pr.sident of the Republic is very much dis contented at the conduct: of the committee and the tone of the Chamber on the La Plata question. Many persons to-day thought that the ministry might receive a check. Already the semi-official organ, the Constitutionnet, sounds a note which seems to be the firet of a chord. The Constitutiannel says that there has been a want of intelligence (un nialentendu) on both sides ; that government will not, it is true, send an armed force to attack Roses at once, but hat it will nego'iete, and cause its neptiatiAis to be accompanied by such a force as will lead to its wishes being respected. After all, this would be an expedition not 14->s costly than that which the government retusts to sanction. The discontent of the Pre sident is not the less great from the fact that it cute bim out of the part which he has always endeavoured to assume, of flattering the passion for glory which exit's above all in France, whilst leaving the odium of unpopular measures on the Assembly. M. Thies and M. Berryer are the leaders in this little crusade against the government, and they would not be sorry to turn the tables upon Louis Na poleon if they could. At the Assembly to-day, and before the opening of the sittirg, there was a good deal of grouping and animated conversation. The qtr stion had also attracted many people, and the ' boxes open to the public were very full. M. Daru was seen in a prominent group with M. Thiers and M. Drouyn de l'Huys. It was whispered about that the ministry was going to explain eta views clearly ; that it would °pose an immediate expedition ; but that it would support by arms a negotiation that was' already commenced, and that fresh forces would be sent out under Admiral Dubourdiere. If Rona re fused to make the concessions demanded of him, then it would be time to use force. M. de La Hitte appeared accordingly in the tribune, and spoke, but not to the purpose that was expected, for he merely read a memorandum from the Brazilian charge here, to the effect that the Brazil, had nothing to fear from an attack of Roses. Thie was meant as an answer to one of M. Darn's arguments on Satur day. That gentleman immediately rose to reply, and quoted several documents, from which it appeared a great rivalry existed between Bro i ls and La Plata. (Left Bitting.] BOURSE. PARIS, Deo. 31. Poe Poe Amount. Rear . Opening Higbee& Lowest. Closing per Dante. ....... 36 30 36 43 36 43 34 30 S 6 40 per Ann.. I do. New Loro „ 4i per ..... „ SO 44 per Cents.. 4 per Cents I ;; 1 -- I -- I .; I ~ KaLbanee on lor&tn; 30 day% 23 43: 9n days, 25 326 Wear., 5,160 9 91 Monty. 1 Napier. Iterees .. Money Us. 5, 1342 Do. 44 Da, 3 Boom. Vesealllea (right bank), —; Do. (left bank) 167 50; Paris aid Orleans, 790 ; Parts and Rouen, 333; Rouen and Havre, 240; &Tubular, and Bas tas is, 115; On (Viaraon), —; Orleans ..a Bordeaux, 403 75; Northern, 45129; Parks and ;Strasbourg, 337 t 0; Tours and Nantes, 275; Monterean and Troyes, 107 30; 81. Ger main, 402 30; Ashram and Marseilles, 213 72. BELGIUM.—The commercial treaty with France was adnpted on the 28th ult., by the large majority of 56, in the chamber of rep-esentatives. Taree members present abstained from voting. THE LAST NIGHT OT THE YEAH AT THE MAN stoic soolll.—The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress gave an entertainment in the Egyptian Hall to the juvenile members of families connected with the City of London. There were between 600 and 700 young people present. The L'rd Mayor and Lady Mayoress, with two of their juvenile guests, open-d the ball with an old fashioned country dance se lected for the purpose. During the evening Mr. Love amused the youthful company with ventriloquism, very much to their delight. The parents and friends of the chil dren were permitted to join the party about 10 o'clock. The youngsters sat down in parties of 300 each to a supper pro vided in *sentient style, and having kept up the festivities of the evening until the new year bad esommerneed, retriened to their homes, evidently gratified by the civic heepit alit.. IHE BRITISH MO/IMM closed yesterday afternoon for the purpose of cleansing. die., end will be to open e d to the pahlie on Wednesday the 9th inst. Tae total number of visitots to the Museum, from Wednesday lest lints yesterday inclusive, wee 41,947. ACCIDENT AT BRITANNIA-ERIDOIL—CARNARVON, KONUAT —Owing to some inadvertence correct NtiOrreOltiOll had notheen conveyed to Liverpool, on Saturday, as to the postponement of a "six foot lifting" et the second tube, now daily progressing towuds ha final renting place, the c oisequence of which was that the sttivick, Robust, Captain Edwards, of Aberystwyth, on returning from l‘verpool, with a general cargo, whilst passing the Swillies under an vast, as was accuser, at the time, struck her mat a against the tube, sad received serious damage. She succeeded, howevtr, in reaching tb.,l town, where a great numb:r of bands were employed during the whole of Sunday tight repairing, as far a. pocoible, the effects of tho casualty, that the vrevA might proceed on her voyage without delay. GERMANY. Oar correspondents write as follows : BERLIN, Dan. 27. The affairs of Germany have again reached a deci sive point. The federal commission at Frankfort attracts all eyes. It is said that the federal commis sion intends to take up the same position towards the representatives of the respective German States as the former Diet occupied, and that it means to disregard the constitutions of all the German States until the general constitution for Germany shall have been definitively decided on; fears of this kind have for some time been entertained, and they seem now to have become more general, fur some cf the news papers here have ventured to express their fears that the German Empire, and, above all, the more intimate confederation originated by Prussia, will perish. A proof of this is furnished to-day by the Consti tutional, the organ of the German liberal party in the chambers here, which finds it necessary to pro test against the supposition even of the Federal Commission assuming to itself the authority of interfere in the internal affairs of any particular country. The Constitutional remarks that a Prussian note was written concerning the well-known question of the Mecklenberg constitution, in which note the question was described as one pro per to the federal commission to investigate and de cide, and at the same time anoolmoed the reception of a note from the Austrian cabinet containing a similar opinion, but that a very calm and energetic reply was received from the government of Mecklenburg, in which that government declared itself ready and willing to submit the question to the decision of the Arbitration Cuurt at Erfurt, and reminded Prussia of the protection which it pro mised to the states which should join the confedera tion, and finally concluded with the natural question whether two authorities, the federal arbitration courts in Erfurt on the one hand, expressly established for the purpose of settling all disputes between memb re of the confederation ; and, on the other hand, the federal commission in Frankfur, which, prnperly speaking, has nothing to do with the matter, e'dild, at one and the same time, sit in judgment on the same question. The case seems authentic. for both notes have ap peared on authority in the Mecklenburg journals, and one sees at once bow far matters have gone; it re mains to be seen bow the confederation instituted by Prussia can be maintained under such circumstances. Should the question not be submitted to the deci-ion of the proper federal arbitration courts, composed of members from all the German states, bat, on the contrary, to the arbitrary decision of the two great powers, Prussia sad Austria, it will he a very severe blow to the very existence of the more intimate con federation. In my letter yesterday I mentioned the death of a Lieut.-Col. von ner Tann, who, I was Old, was the celebrated Schleswig-Holstein hero. I now find that that gentleman is still living, and that the deceased was a relative. . . _ . me law of amnesty has been published in Bavaria. The National has received a telegraphic mi-s.a4e from Hamburg, stating that the king of Denn.ai k has sanctioned the appointment of the three Vertr , v4ei.,- manner from the two duchies. EDUCATION IN THE EAST INDIES. Having some time since osnourel the nitßai-!- linen of the Eist India Company on nieters of education, and especially mentioned Madrao, ere think it but fair to publish the following etc flier •, sent from unquestionable authority, of the exi emirs of education in the Presidency of Madras : Statement showing the several ettabiiehmente unfit r t's flidese Presidency supported by the coy, rnment, in •te year 1843, for the promotion of educatkn amooe't tie Latin; of British India; together with the expo pet of ..11, same, under the two separate heal of "Asia:les" an,: expenses," showing also the amount showed by 4,v, ritmett for their maintenance during _ the same period, tins th,:r income from other sourer s MILITARY FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM. MYRINSES. Salaries Other expenses £12,7( . 9 15,2 L Tots' INCW4E. .C 27,924 n Government grant Ocher sources £21,417 Total This institution has been eitsbleshed tor the coeinter t. ar d education of the &tighten of Europe►n n ihtary per- : deemed, and the government grant to it consists of d..t. ti ,n, ditierence of interest—beteve n 4 and S per cep:. . funded property, and orphan all•iwances. The income :r other 'mines consiets of interest on lunched capital, salt vr ceeds of work, and lubecrip•iona. MILITARY MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM. ZIVEN.ES. Salaries Other expense, L 13,411 1i,;90 4 Total utcoits. gl:5, •-'t l l 1 Government grant £2o Olt 1 Other sources Total :t4,d9 This institution has been *stabil hen lor the mai °ter., sod education of orphan eons of European miLtsry pr. ne deceased, and the government grant cansista of duh.L 'r • difference of interest—between 4 and 8 per cent. party, and orphan allowanee. The income trom sources COIIIIiiti of interest on funded capital, cud proh., .e• rived from the presi attached to the institution. THE MADRAS UNIVERSITY EXPENSES. Salaries 1:22,9 . 29 4,#.;94.1 Other expenses Total a,vernment grain Ocher sources 1:22. t 7 ~.;01 Total The schools ecnnected with the htsdr..s ruiver.ity been established for the educAtion of Ott classes of the communi , y. They are maititaibed exc.°. by Rovernment ; and the fees coll.-c ed it .112 which a portion el the expenses is met, constitute the come from; other maces. - PROVINCIAL SCROOLB AT TANJORE, COMBACONI X. ts K&XNAD. Expenses—Salaries locome—Government grant These schools afford instruction to the natives a Is and are exclusively maintained by wivernmen.t. °OVE1:011NT SCHOOL LT NEOAPATAM EipellsBB , —Salaries income—Government grant This school was established fur the educatton and me.,•e• Dance of children of European descent, and is exclue.ees maintained by government. SCHOOL AT NELLORI TOIL PAUPER Stns. Eapentat—Salaries income—Government grant This school was established tor the education ot children, and is exclusively maintained be goveratnen - ENOLISH SCH OOLS AT PCLICAT, E IncOme--Goveroment grant The expense, which II exc'sniscly borne by gave nan charged in the accounts under the bead " payment." PROTESTANT ®C=OOL AT MADCRA. i l oi Incotne--Goverament grant The expense, which is esclusisi.ly borne by govern' ui • ' • charged in the acdounts under the head Ecciesissii; , .. 4e partateat." CHARITY SCHOOL AT ANSIXOO. —rpenses—Salariss Income—Government grant This school appears to have been established lot the cation of natives, and the expense, which is : setsce , -1 barite by government, under their orders, dated 'lie 1830, is charged in the amounts audir the heart .• and charitable allowsnces of a general nature." TOTAL EXPINSiS (COMPANY'S RUPYMYI . Salaries 1:36,14t; I Odwr expenses Total tg,Sill TOTLL INCOMI (COMPANY•S licrattel• Government groat C71. 26 34,:kx 4 Other wares Total Note —The " other expenses " are not, in several shown separately from the " cutleries " in the st Jaw' received In this office ' and they are therefore ben under the latter head. (Errors escaptail. Signed) T. V. BTOIIIIOVMII, AOCOUntwat Fort Eit. George, Accountant-General's Office, October 91, 1843. A PROTISCTIONIBT MZETINO was held yeatint at Thorpe-le-Soken, Baez Sir Jams T uft ll, Sat.. m wu prseent, but Ilvior B;reeforA, M.P., wa unable attend, on &coolant of serious i n di qmt i tin . ki r . 'Dot Nunn of lianningtree, was Galled to the chair, and , tinti•fiee.trade remolationa were adopted. • NOT RUINED TNT !—Orders have been Wet' by the various shipbutdere of Sunderland tturie4 the " for fifty new meth of a luge tioassege.—OoterAead t* , • IP:COMB. L 32.243 V2S .• t I