The Express. — London, England, 1855-07-23 00:00:00

ete exprridli. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Abatements intoniod tor ../tai Expraik . Loudon Iwo* mow, moat to at the Oda% 10, 60 , 1111.104tf1et. by Two rank ow ilio day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ti;II DST—Morning, 7h. yea Aftsino4 ll , Rh. Ur& Tomosaow—Morning Ob. 43a Afternoos. Rh.l9a. LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 23. WitILE we are uneasy and perplexed about our moral resources in regard to the war we moat not overlook our advantages of material condition. It is only elderly people who remember the last war who can be sufficiently sensible of the blessing of our com merce being unembarrassed by the state of our foreign relations. Having shut up Russia within her own ports, our ships sail the broad seas of the world without a thought of danger, and in the nar row seas have only pirates to fear in two or three archipelagos where a little energy on our part would have made all safe. Free commerce now, also, means more than it did forty years ago : it means plenty of food. Our chances of being sufficiently fed under any kind of pressure are increased a hundred fold by the repeal of the corn laws—that repeal having thrown all the markets of the world into one for us to buy oorn in, and thrown open our markets of manufactured goods to the whole world which has food to sell. Under this change, it really memo plain that the worst inflictions of a state of warfare—the worst to us islanders, whose soil is safe —can never overtake us again. As we now know that food will always be in the market, at some price or other, and that buying food is the same thing (generally speaking) a; selling our manufactures, the aspect of war is wholly changed to the great majority of our people. Last year. however, we were more manifestly thank ful for our own fine harvest than for our admission to the granaries of other lands. The excellence of the harvest here was a fact presented to all eyes, and re quiring no knowledge or thought to apprehend. And the harvests abroad were so deficient that ours seemed to be the only good one. Even in the United States, where deficiency of food is no more dreaded practi cally than earthquake or invasion, and much lees actually feared than the end of the world (the Latter-day Saints being very numerous there), there was a general expectation, for many months of last year, of a serious scarcity of food. Not only was the harvest bad; but the same drought which ruined it caused fires, which a multitude of fanatics in the romantic West took for the last conflagration. Floods fol lowed, and every kind of damage and loss that could be crowded into a 'tingle season. At the very time that we were perceiving that we must not rely too much on certain continental countries, we were told by the Americans that they had not food enough for themselves, and could sell us none. At the present time it appears that the Americans naturally miscal culata their resources—new as it was to them to be in the remotest danger of dearth. There wu plenty all the time ; and there is a good surplus now. One cause of the was that the area of waste and loss was compared (in a rough way) with the ordinary amount of production ; whereas, so vast an addition had been made to the area of cultivation as to falsify this view completely. Prodigious as was the failure of crops, the production was not so fearfully below the average as the observers supposed. This becomes apparent now,.when the crops are nearly ripe every where, and in many of the States actually garnered. The enormous produce "shows how mach more was under the plough last year than was imagined. As for this year, the quantity at liberty for export seems too prodigious for belief. There are other causes for this than the favourable season and increased sowing. Several countries which had depended on the United States for a supply have arrived at growing plenty for themselves. lit the first days of the gold finding the farmers of the Mississippi valley sent corn to California in great abundance, knowing that our Australian colo nies would be glad of any surplus if California should be overstocked. Now, not only is Australia offering to export, being ready for a large demand since the opening of the Murray by steamers, but California iaadvising the Americans to seed her no more grain and flour, as she has some of her own to sell, after supplying her own population. So we can have as much American flour and grain as we please and none know bettor than our manufacturing classes that this is the same thing as saying that good times are coming for them. Not only will food be cheaper, but looms and anvils will be busier. Oar products will be in demand to pay for our imports; and good trade will accompany abundant food. But at home our food prospects are excellent too. We were reasonably apprehensive, to the last mi nute, that we should have no hay, and everything else into and scanty. A few weeks since, hay was 71. a ton, and lean meat was cheap in country places, because small graziers and farmers could not feed their cattle, and sold them off their hands. The winter crops looked irremediably frosted or nipped with the east wind. Not only was everything a month or more behind time, but it seemed doubtful whether any sunshine and west wind would be of avail. What a change has come over the scene! Daring the recent hot weather, remarkable for its heavy night dews, the grass sprang up like tropical vegetation. It seemed scarcely to require a Fine-ear to hear it growing ; and now a more than average crop is housed, except in the northern counties. Even the wheat will hardly be very late, it ST. SwITIIIN treats us tenderly, and allows as broad intervals of sunshine, like those of June. The soil was pules wised by the winter frosts in a way which we sighed far during the series of mild win term that we have apparently seen the end of; and the nipping cold of spring has rid us of vermin to an &Irma unprecedented degree. The fruit already shows this. When were cherries and strawberries more "perfect pictures" than this year—free front slug and other matinees as they are! When did apples, pears, and plums set more healthily than this year? And it is just so with our grains. Nothing can be finer than the sot. To the strong blade has succeeded the large grain; and it must be bad weather indeed—such as we have no reason to apprehend— which will prevent our reaping a bountiful harvest. The green crops seem to be in a prosperous state; and as foe the potato, this is the first season for, we believe, ten years that the latter part of July has been reached without any sign of the dreaded brown spot upon the leaf. After the experience d lbene ten years, it will take long to enable us to believe In a potato crop before we see it: but so far, the im mure* potato area in Ireland, ee well as elsewhere, looks us well as can be. There is no crop more pro- Alable• whoa an average or superior yield is obtained; and we may enjoy it without drawback, now that the Irish see no longer satisfied with a mere potato diet, and are able to obtain a better. On the continent, the romps., el the harvest are equally good. The French pesgkqp salsring few. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 23, 1855. fully at present under the high price of provisions; and in too many districts, the old prudes in emer gency, of boiling nettles and other each trash for f oo d, is producing its inevitable consequences of disease and mortality. But those who can look upon the fields may take courage, and hope for better things. In very few places is there the prospect of leis than an average, while in others, it is magnificent. In Spain and in Germany all looks well; and, just to fill up till harvest, scores and hundreds of ves sels are at length getting out of the Danube laden with the surplus of last year's harvest. No amount of pecuniary burden or of social suffer ing from the war can compare with the infliction of a bad harvest. Let us, therefore, be thankful for the prospect of a good one. When we are well fed and well employed, we are at our best, morally and socially. As our magistrates and gaol chaplains can tell, crime then diminishes, order and loyalty increase, the pauper becomes a citizen, and the citizen a patriot. Such advantages in carrying out the war, if fitly appreciated and used, may so nerve our efforts , and enrich our resources as to shorten the war, and save an incalculable amount of life and treasure. There will be no plea of national distress for in competent rulers to take advantage of; and, if they cannot carry on the war with a willing and prospe rous people to back them, they may well dread a bountiful harvest, for it will be the climax of their Shin& Sir William Molesworth holds the seals of the colonies. Sir William baa thoroughly studied all questions connected with colonies and colonisation, and is master of all the learning of the subject. But he has yet to show that be is a man of action—an administrator. An attempt is made to revive a senseless cry against him because he published a col lected edition of the works of Hobbes—the most munificent service rendered to English intellectual science in our day. Some doubt prevails as to what is to be done with Sir Benjamin Hall. That he is to be admitted into the Cabinet seems certain; but whether as Presi dent of the Board of Works or of the Board of Health appears to depend upon the temper which shall be found to prevail among the electors of Mary lebone. _ _ _ Mr. Lowe is named as likely to succeed to the Board of Works, or the Board of Health. That would be prompt payment for the service he did in the debate on Mr. Roebuck's motion. His appointment is contingent on his not picking a quarrel with minis ters before it can be announced, and Mr. Lowe has such a genius for quarrelling with everybody, that the odds are against his continuing friends with them for a week. Wit Court. OSBORNE, JULY 21. Prince.. Alice has been attacked with scarlatina. Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, and Primal Louisa are convalescent. The Queen and Prism. the King of the Belgians, the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred. the Princess Charlotte of Belgians, and the Duchess of Kent, cruised in the Royal yacht Fairy yesterday afternoon, and returned to Osborne about 8 o'clock. JULY 22. The Queen held a Council yesterday at et;l;orsW. - The Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Palmerston, Sir George Grey, Sir William Molesworth, Viscount Canning, Earl of Harrowby, Lord John Russell, Lord Pan mare, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Sir Chsrks Wood, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, Lord Ernest Bruce, Sir William Menlo, Lord I)ufferio, and the Hon. W. Bathurst, arrived from London about 1 o'clock. - - Lord John Russell had an audience of the Queen, and resigned his seals of office u one of her Majesty's principal Burglaries of State,. The Privy Council was attended by Prince Albert, Earl Grenville, the Lord Chancellor, Viscount Palmerton, the Marquis of Lacsdowne, Sir George Orey, Lord Pannere, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Vis count Canning, the Earl of Harrowby, and Lord Ernest Brace (officiating for the Lord Chamberlain). Sir William Itolesworth, Bart.. we sworn one of the Principal Secretaries of State, and received from her Majesty his seals of office. Sir William Mauls. Knight, we, by command of the Queen, sworn of her Majesty's met honourable Privy Conseil. The Hon. William Bathurst was the Cletk of the Council in Waiting. Lord Palmerston Earl Granville, the Lord Chancellor, and Sir Charles W ood bad audiences of the Queen. The Right lion. C. Pelham Villiers, Judge itdroctate- General, had in audience of her Majesty. and submitted to tho Queen the proceedings of some ciourts-martial. Lord Ernest Bruce olEciated ea Vice-Chamberlain, and Lard Dufferin as Llrd in Waiting. The whole of the above noblemen and gentlemen returned to London, with the exception of Lord Penman, who re mained on a visit to her Majesty. The King of the Belgians, accompanied by the Princess Charlotte of Belgium, crowed over to Southampton yester • day morning, and travelled by a special train to Kingston, where one of the Qeeen's carriages was in waiting to convey the King and the Princess to the Duo d'Aumale'a residence at Twickenham. The Count of Flanders also arrived at Twickenhasafrom London.. . . . In the afternoon the royal party left the Doc d'Armale's and reached Osborne about seven o'clock. The Queen and Prince, the King of the Belgians, the Prints of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal, and the Duchess of Kent, attended morning strew!, at Whippingham Church to-day. The. Rev. George Prothero officiated. After attending the Queen's Court at Osborne, on Satur day afternoon, Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Earl Granville, Lord John Rus sell, Sir William Molesworth, Sir George Grey, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Viscount Can. sing, the Earl of Ilerrowhy, Lord Ernest Bruce, the Right Hon. C. Pelham Villiers, the Right Hon. Sir William Miele, and the Hon. William Bathurst, crossed in the Fire Queen to Gosport, whence the Right Ron. Sir W. Maul, proceeded to !loathe's. The other noblemen and gentle:nes left by a special train on the London and South Western Railway, and travelled to Kingston, where the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lsrd John Russell, and the Earl of Harrowby left the train. The rest of the party proceeded to London. Alexander Spearman had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing-street. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat on Saturday, and heard an appeal from the Admiralty Ccurt, " Jones v. Calojani—The Cambridge." The lords present were the Lords Justices Knight Bruce and Turner, the Judges of the Prerog►tive Court, and the Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall. DEPARTURE OF THE RING OF THE BELGIANS. (EIT SLICTRIC TILL PORTSMOUTH, MONDAY MoaNix°. The King of the Belgians arrived here from Osborne this morning. He landed at the Dockyard at eleven o'clock, and proceeded by rail to D wee. Her Majesty and Prince Albert accompanied his Majesty to Portsmouth, and then retarned to Osborne. The Countess de Persigny gives her first assembly at Albert-gate House, oa Wedoesdly. The Duke and Duchess of Bedford purpose leaving Badeleigh Cottage at the dose of the easitiog week. The Marquis of Northampton hu lift town for Castle Ashby, his seat in Northamptonshire. The Earl Fitzwilliam and the Ladies Wentworth Fits+Atista have arrived at Wentworth Home, Ycriuh're, from Mortimer Homo, for the season. The Earl of Yarborough is still unable to attend te his parliamentary duties, in consequence of his osstinued tadtspeeition. Sir Charles Wood has issued cards for a grand dinner, at his official residence, on Wednesday neat. On Thursday Sir Charles will hold his last levee for the mama, at the Admiralty. On Friday the Viscountess Downe, and on Batur dsy the Vumsoustess Malden, gave birth to daughters. The Marchioness of Westminster had a reception on Satardsy afternoon, at arosvenor House. About 1,000 Invitations were bleed. It will be seen front the closing paragraph in the wpm from our Crimea correspondent that General Simp• sea is suffering from in attack of the goat. LATEST FROM ABROAD. (mom OUR OWN RUSSIA. BT. PETERSBURG, JULY 20. Prince Gortcbakoff writes from . ..the Crimea, under date of the 16th : "We made two sorties en the 14th and 15th before the bastion Korniloff, which were matisfactory. Nothing of importance has occurred in other parts of the Crimes." Official published accounts state at 5,775 men the Russian loss in the affairs of the 17th and 18th. Rear-Admiral Pamphiloff has succeeded the late Admiral Nachimoff in command of the veseels and port of Sebastopol. The same accounts state that the Russians are occupied in constructing new works for the defence of Sebastopol. HAMBURG, BATrADAT. The Invalids Buses reports that Admiral Na chimoff has sunk nader his wounds received in the defence of SebsatopoL The news of the fire at Novgorod is contradicted. It is to Vladimir, in the government of Volhynis, that the statement applies. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, 70LT 20. According to the official Austrian Correspondence the Anstro-Venetian central assemblies are to be con voked by decree. These assemblies form the bases of the pseudo national representation previously de cided on. VIENNA, SUNDAY. The Correepondenz contradicts officially the state ment of the Cologne Gazette that Baron Hubner had been recalled from Paris, and Baron de Boarqueney from Vienna. SPAIN. BARCELONA, FRIDAY. All is quiet. The workmen have returned to their employments. MADRID, Jur 20. M. Gonzales has left for London to assume his duties as Ambassador. Several suspicious foreigners have been expelled from Barcelona. The govern ment has received a part of the money arising from 1 a recent negotiation entered into at Paris. MADRID. SATLIIDAY. M. Pacheco is about to present a memorial to the government on the differences with the court of Rome, and a circular will be sent to foreign courts. Some troubles, said to be not of political origin, have broken out at Badajoa, but have been appeased. TWO SICILIES. NAPLES, am.: 17. The government has removed the prohibition to export biscuit and piste travaillee for the use of the allied armies. An expectation that a similar free dom will be restored to the wheat export trade has caused an advance of 10 per cent. THE BALTIC. ELSINORE, Svnisy. The &abed has arrived. LETTERS FROM THE SULTAN TO THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH GENERALS. The following is a tr;nalation of two autograph letters recently addressed by the Sultan to the Gene rals-in-Chief of the English and French armies : TO LORD RAGLAN. My Lord,—The Queen, my august and intimate ally, sent you to defend my cause—a cause which being el le just and lawful, become* that of the whole civilised world. You and the brave army under your command have responded to the hope entertained by your country and by me. By your glorious exploits under a trying climate, you have merited and won universal admira ti on. The new feats of arms which you are adding to so many previous brilliant actions achieved in the Crimea, together with my soldiers, whom I love as my children, encourage me in hoping for en early definite result—a result which will be as glorious for these grist allied nations as were the events which distinguished the opening of the campaign. I feel a sentiment of content, so much the purer from the thought that the war, though a thing so terrible, will have soma to re-unite my peoples by indissoluble ties, to the greatest nations of the west. As long as the noble motive of glory affects the human heart,—those who have fought in fraternal emulation, those who have shell their blood together upon a foreign nil, will not forget the companions they have been wont to regard as their brothers. That which hitherto has been a scourge for humanity, will have produced the satisfactory result of bringing together the peoples whose governments were already allied, and thus this war will bring the germ of a rich and durable peace, to show itself in salutary fruits amongst those nations who desire to appreciate it. _ _ Desiring to offer to the brave combatants of the Crimea a proof of my lively satisfaction—a public testimony of my gratitude,—l chugs my aide-de•amp, Gen. Ethos Pasha, to deliver this letter to you,. I love to think, my lord, that all the brave officers and soldiers plsoed under your cots- mend will feel persuaded that we make no distinction be tween any of the soldiers who combat for the common tense, and that the affection which I avow for them finds an echo in the hearts of all the people of Turkey,— who love to recognise in them the olden Allies of my Empire. I pray God to destine you to the most glorious noses and to have you in his holy keeping. TO OTEEILAL 'masons, COMLUfDIIiIeIN•CHIZP OP THE MINCH MIXT 11l SHE CRIMEA. M. Commander General—l desire to offer you and the brave army placed under your orders, sad which the Emperor, my august mad Intimate ally, hu sent to the defence of my cause,—a public testimony of my high satis faction sad sincere congratulations at the new feats of arms which you have added to so many brilliant actions which have covered the allied troops with glory, lighting for so just a cause, and braving with intrepidity the rigours. of a severe climate. The blood spilt upon the battle fields for the defence of this cause, which hu become to-day the pledge of the main tenance of legality in Europe, will assuredly have the pre cious result of re-uniting for the future nations made to appreciate each other, cementing the alliance which the wisdom ofeabinets had effected, by indissoluble ties,—for the all-powerful sympathy of the peoples, is the most natural and the most legitimate alliance. Be assured that the admiration which I fool for the war like bravery and morale of the heroic soldiers of t►e Crimea, is shared by all the people whom God has confided to me, and henceforth we can make no distinction between the soldiers who fight for the common cause. The entire world hu its eyes upon the children of thaw great allied nations who are fighting aide by aide for the glory of their country. Ido not doubt that the soldiers who have prove.' themselves under the valorous General Canto. bert, and who continue so brilliantly under your command, will, with their brothers in arms, obtain very soon, by a definite victory, the laurels whioh their incomparable courage in surmounting all dangers, and all sufferines, deserves. I am proud to lee my soldiers sharing in this pare and sacred glory. I charge my aide•de.camp, Ethane Paella, to remit you this latter, and to convey the expremion of my gratitude to your army. The sentiment of affection for them which animates my heart is rendered stronger by the fact, that the nation to which these brave soldiers, whose valorem actions attract general attention, belong, is the most ancient ally of my empire. I prey God to grant you the most slalom riveesee, and have you to his sacred keeping. OUR ARMY IN THE CRIMEA. (FROM OUR SPECIAL C0Rtta0......._ CAMP BEFORE SEBASTOPOL, JULY 10. I have to report little more than the continuance of the same stand-still state of things that discou raged every one when I last wrote. 'fo be sure, the same resultless and fitful snatches of cannonading are le up . by day, with variations of mus ketry night ; and having stated this, I have le little untold. We hammer away, spar medically, at the everlasting Redan, which returns quite as good ma it gets; or help our neighbours, the French, by practising on the equally retributive Malakhoff—in either case without making the smallest measure of headway towards the Russian Troy be yond. As the moon, however, has now reached her last quarter, the garrison takes increasing advantage of the darkness to attempt nightly mischief against both our own and the French lines. Oa the night before last, rather a brisk affair took place between the latter and a strong party of the enemy, who sallied from the Malakhoff to essay the dorm- Lion of the French approaches towards that redoubt. It will be remembered that ens allies, goon after their own and our Want ea tie niemorable 18th, commenced gasp from the ilastaisa to its vit-a-vis the Malakhoff. As this work hubris prosecuted with more or less success every night, it has at present penetrated over half the distance be tween the two redoubt', and at its further extremity is within some three hundred and fifty yards of the Russian embrasures. To stop its further advance, therefore, the enemy made a strong sortie on Sunday night, but atter a sharp fight were driven back into their own works with considerable less : the attempt was repeated soon after, but was again repulsed after another determined draggle. Daring this second scuffle occurred another grand illustration of what an untravelled Milesian would call that" most beauti ful" system of blundering, in which there seems to be an understood rivalry between our allies and our selves. Atter the affair of the 18th, I may remark, our artillerymen in the twenty-one gun and other neighbouring batteries had received orders to train their guns at night on the approaches to the Quarries on the one hand and on the space between the Mamelon and Malakhoff on the other—in thin last was without the smallest arrangement for signals with the French. Accordingly, on Sunday night, when a strong force of French deployed out from the Mamelon to support those who were already engaged in repelling the enemy, our twenty-one gun battery opened fire on them, and kept tt up most effectively till a breathless messenger arrived to give notice of the murderous mistake. The well-timed blander, I learn, afforded the enemy moat valuable aid, and had it been much longer continued would have resulted in the repulse of oar allies and the destruction of their hard-worked sap. That such an error could arise is about equally the fault of ourselves and the sufferers; for the arrange ment of some system of signals to distinguish a friendly from a hostile party on ground on which it was mutually understood that our guns should be prepared to play at night seems so much a matter of course, that the rawest recruit that ever joined a marching regiment would have thought of it as a first step in the plan. With such generalship what armies could succeed ? In mentioning in my last letter the immediately recent death of an artillery officer in the trenches I made the error of giving the name of Campbell in stead of Gordon. The latter officer had only come out a short time ago with horses from England, and after the delivery of his stud should have at once , returned home, but, wishing to have an experimental idea of trench-work, he succeeded in obtaining per-, mission to take the temporary management of a bat tery. This he held during the last bombardment and up till the night of his death, the very day fol lowing which he was to have embarked at Balaklava for a passage home. The poor fellow, it will be re. membered, had just been relieved, and was on the point of leaving the battery when a shell struck him dead: he was a nephew of Colonel Gordon, of the Engineers. My mistake in the name, however, was trivial when compared with the very many which I see in the papers brought by yesterday's mail, containing the telegraphic returns of the killed and wounded from the attack of the 18th. Whose the fault is, I know not; but the pain which must have been occasioned to many an anxious family must have been great, by the publica tion as "killed," of the names of several officers who never received a scratch. I sin glad, however, to ale in the same papers a second despatch about the capture of the Quarries, supplying the very gross omissions noticed in my last letter. Slovenliness seems to have pervaded every act and document that emanated from head-quarters during the late regime ; and if the new commander's present attack of gout is to be of frequent occurence, we can hardly hope for much improvement in this respect. It lamina to be seen how the new military sem tsey—Colonel Stevenson, of the Guards—will 00k pars with his predecessor, who, at all events, was generally popular, and bore the name of being a hard-working man. (FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT LATE ON THE DANUBE.) As things stand at present, suppose a large body of Russians takes up a position so as to threaten the English, General Simpson, instead of taking imme diate measures to attack them with the whole avail able force of the allies, sits down and writes a despatch, of which four copies are made, each of which is seat by an aide-de-camp to one of t he other generals, who may not be at home. In this at least three or four hours are consumed. At last answers come in from all sides, suggesting a conference ; aides-de-camp again fly about to arrange the hour. Early in the morning most likely won't do ; somebody would like to breakfast first. The others are too polite to object, lend by the time the conference is over, the Russians have been reinforced or have fortified hemselves or have attacked some small body in force, and ca used enormous loss of life. The case I have now put would apply to any operation whatever. Four commanders-in-chief is a synonyme for blunders and confusion. I believe they are even more dangerous than correspondents, whom many of the old fogies here, as well a. at home, be lieve to be mainly instrumental in retarding the cap ture of t3ebastopol, as well as in preventing an ad vance upon Simpheropol, and would like to know how it was that there was no evidence offered before the parliamentary committee of inquiry as to the part "the gentlemen of the press" out here took in pre venting the construction of the road last winter from Balaklava to the camp, the distribution of good tents, the supply of ground coffee, the landing of boots, shoes, and sheepskin coats, the fortification of the heights of Inkermann before the battle, and in raising the great storm of the 14th of Novem ber. There are some people, too, I have no doubt, who attribute the inaction of the Turks at Eupatoria to my presence and that of the gentleman who represents the Times. Had we but withdrawn the Turks would have rushed over the country like a flood, taken Simpheropol, cut off Ment chikoff's head, made Gortchakoff prisoner, and the bends would by this time be playing their favourite air, "La Donna e Mobile," around the big fountain in tie garden of the summer palace at Baktchi-Serai, which would now be Omer Pacha's head-quarters. However, I cannot persuade myself that those who decry us in this way believe the half of what they say. I believe they are generally more knave than fool : they know very well that all the disasters of this war have been caused by the incapacity of stub born, mulish men, who showed their folly in thinking themselves wise; that though there are humbugs in all professions, the greatest humbugs in existence are military humbugs, and that our losses and mis fortunes have been mainly owing to the fact that at the commencement of a war we generally choose those who fill the principal posts from that happily small class of the army ; and their detesta tion of the press is due to the same feeling—a human and pardonable one certainly—that causes a " gentle manly looking young man" who has got drunk over night and been disorderly . in the streets., to dislike the presence of reporters in the police court. TURKISH CAMP, 111 LT 10. The night before last, though I had gone to bed with the firm conviction that we were about to pass the summer on the top of this hill, I was roused from a loud sleep by the hum of voices, the neighing of Mosses, and the screaming of ungreased araba wheels, and the rattling of arms. On going out into the moonlight I found the Turks once more packing up and going away; battalion after battalion were buckling on their knapsacks and marching down the hill, and disappearing in the haze on the Wallas plain. lat once came to the conclusion that either "the Russians were coming," or the Os manlis were resuming once more the nomade habits of their ancestors, and were commencing to roam about over the country in search of fresh grass and spring wells. The former of these suppositions I speedily abandoned, as, with the exception of the usual "distant random gun" from Sebastopol, every thing elsewhere was quiet, the English cavalry . in the Yarani valley were snoring, the artillery in the plain were doing likewise; neither drum nor trumpet were giving out notes of alarm. The Turks and the Turks only were animated by desire for nocturnal perambulation. Now, on four separate occasions within the last month these sudden movements of theirs have caused me to turn out and spend a good part of the night in striking my tent and packing my traps, and a good part of the next day in pitching the Seater sud un packing the latter—little amusements which were generally varied by the pursuit of a runaway horse, or a hunt for water, er the breaking down of the bag gage oart, and rendered piquant by hunger and a hot sun. And it always happened, moreover, that these movements took place on the morn ing of " poet day," so that by the time we got settled down again, had ferretted oat all sorts of necessaries from impossible corners, in inscrutable saddle-bags—what with sleepiness, hanger, fatigue,heat, and the periodical settlement of about forty thousand ferocious Crimean flies upon various parts of the physiognomy—the enlightening of the British public by means of a letter in your columns, became a task of no ordinary difficulty. We were more than once tempted to refrain from honour ing the march with our presence, and to remain be hind until our work was done, but hitherto prudence made this step objectionable, from the fact that we were liable to be interrupted by the presence of Cossacks, who are not, as far as I know, lovers of literature, nor yet admirers of persons engaged in its pursuits. In the present instance, however this dan ger does not exist. Here on this hill we can afford to smile at the Czar of all the Remiss, and the eight regiments of Uralski Cossack', who are said to be passing the summer in the hill beyond Tchorgoun. We have, therefore, allowed Omer Pacha and the whole army to proceed to the valley above Camera, where they are encamped close to the shore, and whither, it is said, they have removed in order that the chief may enjoy sea bath ing, without accompanying them. I propose following them se soon as the rat is The troops have taken eight days' provisions, and l i e re . - lieu the movement has been made more as a pLeonos trip than with any military object. The Ore sew , drone of cavalry are still in the valley of Balder, and f Oalatz that the fears which had been en ear t rim -7 " 7 a large body of French cavalry have now gone florin is about 2fr. 60c) The same letter thither also. We all left it with regret, and would the corn merchants at Vienna had l eas ed n I fain return ; anywhere out of eight of these horrible, bare, chalky hills, with their blinding white glare ; a blockade of the Danube were unfounded ; 1 11, c4 out of sight of the monstrous, malodorous camp that the lo . wness of the water formed an obstacle l e bu toe 3 . covers them, in which the lives of Englishmen and portation. Frenchmen are being wasted day by day for nothing; anywhere out of sight of these hideous stony ravines, in which brackish streams dribble down half water enough for some thousands of hideous Norman horses ; anywhere, where there are no pyramids of empty beer bottles, no empty meat cases, no old clothes, no stable manure, no dead horses covering the soil—anywhere, out of hearing of these eternal minute guns that mark the slow and weary progress of this sickening siege, signalised as it is at every step by folly and incapacity, bloodshed and heroism. You don't know, is England, because all the correspondents or amateurs that ever pat pen to paper cannot give you an idea of the disgust, weariness, and despair of those who have paned the last year of their lives before Sebastopol, trotting from the camp to the trenches and back again, and lying 24 hours at the time in the former, assailed by shot and shell, and flies, bad odours, and dust, without shelter or power of resistance, and their number day by day so diminished that day by day each survivor feels more strongly that his chances of ever coming out of it safe are small indeed; and all this because two, or three, or four generals, with "long experience," with their professional education, with their stare and crosses, sabres and uniform, rank and commissions, with 150,000 men waiting bat their nod to rush on death, though they know they are doing no good, do not know how to do anything better. If there be one truth more than another impressing itself upon men's minds here, it is that although experience and edu cation may make good officers, good generals—like poets—are born, and can never be made. I believe nothing pleases the Russians better than that the allies should go on breaking their heads against Sebastopol; it is in the open field they dread us; it is in the open field they can be dreetroyed. But no one here, at least of the chiefs, knows how to take the open field ; they would all like to be informed by an early post how they are to scale the height' that surround Mac kenzie's Farm, so as to attack the Russians that are encamped on the plateau. This is the very thing which it is their business to find out. From Sebas topol there is no retreat. The armies cannot be re.embarked here, even if they would. There are not sufficient transports for this enormous force and its materiel : and if there were, the operation would be impossible in the face of a large Russian army. The only movement practicable is forward: there are very few now whe are not convinced that by the means at present used the place will never be taken. Talking yesterday with a distinguished Piedmontese officer, whose opinions on military matters possess more real value than those of any man I know, he said he would, were he in chief command, put on board the ships as much of the stores as possible, the rest he would destroy ; he would spike the siege guns, raise the siege, pack eight days' provisions on the men's backs, on the mules, and in waggons, issue a general order informing the army that there was nothing for it but to conquer or die, and march straight on Baktchi-Serai. There or thereabouts the Russians would doubtless give battle, would certainly be beaten—fall beck towards Perekop, leaving the communication with the sea open to the allies once more. Sebastopol might then be really beleaguered on every side, and would soon be reduced by mere lapse of time to the last extremity. Any general who does this will cer tainly reap a harvest of glory. But for this there must be only one general in chief. Operations in the field on a grand scale with four independent commanders are impossible. "Too many cooks spoil the broth," says an old, vulgar, and excellent pro verb, and certainly our goose out here has been cooked in a curious manner. FRANCE. (PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, SUNDAY EVENING The Debuts has received from Vienna an an a l,„,. of a note from M. de Nesselrode t o M. de Buol , d' . " July 5, which goes farther than a nyt hi ng m o d that he i yet seen the light to prove the existence of th at " secret understanding" between Austria and koip e to which circumstances have long pointed, butirhish oho Western governments were lamentably slow to suspect. Immediately alter the dissolution of th e Conferences M. de Buol addressed to Count Valentino Esterhazy, the Austrian Plenipotentiary at N. Peters. burg, a series of despatches, informing hi m, dOwp t o the minutest particulars, of what passed at Meuse in the closing sitting of June 4, authoti ou , — him at the same time to furnish M. de Neseei ro Z with copies. These despatches, although of a coo& dential nature, were, it must in justice to the Atutai m government be said, communicated to the Cabinet s o f Paris and London. The note of M. de Nesselrods, above alluded to, was addressed to Print* Gorteltake4 the Russian Ambassador at Vienna, for the inform s , don of the Austrian minister, and about the 12thcd July the Prince and M. de Buol had a conference os, I the subject. The following is what the bebats by learnt of the contents of the note: M. de Nesselrode follows step by step, and is all th t i, details, the despatches and notes of the Austrian Chauc er and approves of them all without reserve. M. de Hui having token great credit for the course pentad by A n . tria from the beginning of the quarrel, M. de Nessende outdoes him in praise, and holds up the conduct of Austin as a model of wisdom and foresight. M. de Buolhar4 cor.flded to Count Esterhazy his regr e t s th at the prop?". tions which he had at one time hoped to Indere the Western Powers to accept, had been b ro k en o ff , X de Nesselrode expresses his sympathy with M. I s Buol's regrets, and shares his hopes that negotiation sty soon be resumed. M. de Buol csonot done plus more ardently than M. de Nesselrode does, and M. de Nall, rode deplores equally with M. de Buol the us:tonneau Et ferences which can only have occurred in comparators* us tccauntable misunderstanding. According to Nes•elrede, the last propositions of Austria offer.° a rey acceptable solution, and Russia would scarcely ha % asked even fir a trivial modification of them. TN moment that Russia oru to treat directly with Turkey her dignity was untouched, and she might, viten any wound to her honour, have made almost oil the concession. indicated by Austria. Austria desires too, copy the P t imipalitim. So much the better for everybody, Russia is even more anxious than Austria can be for tea dependence of Turkey. If the Court of St. Petereburgln shewn itself facile in regard to the two flat poise, if it ka made no serious objection to the arrangements 'limiest) the Principalities and the free navigation of the Dana the Court of Vienna knows perfectly well that it war, sign all things, out of consideration for Austria; and if tis third point was not settled as easily as the two tint, ty Court of Vienna will admit that it was not the nth of the Court of St. Petersburg. M. de Ncsaelrode mike* following reflection which he submits to the instinctivere perience of M. de Buol. One day when the plea:apses dories assembled at Vienna, they found them,elres obligst to suspend their deliberations on the third point, beau some of tnem were waiting for..further instructions; it ns proposed by one of their number to pass on to the diens soon of the fourth. The majority opposed this. And why? The real motive was not then disclosed, but no one coin, be ignorant of it. Every one was persuaded that it Toni be even more difficult to come to an undentudne on the fourth point than on the third. It en foreseen that the Turkish plenipotentiaries would °fret II inflexible matinee to whatever the European poems* propose to assure to the different religious communion Os enjoyment of their privileges; and that unless nolne were done to the Porte in the interest of civilieatios, the negotiations must have been broken off upon that point h was desired to avoid this, and therefore it was that the pia. potentiaries separated upon a Russian question. Ina. elusion, M. de Nesaelrode renews his protestations SOU the intention imputed to Russia of making war upon A* tria. Such a war, it is declared, is impossible. The Ruin armies have been, and may be again, at the service of A. tria. They will never fight against her. To assure 11.6 Buol of this, the Russian Chancellor employs the mot ss lemn expressions—expressions such as bind in the maga nanner the honour and conscience of men. If this analysis be correct, and it is believed tote so, it may serve (as the Debate very justly observe) to explain the general tone of M. de Buol's last eta menication to the Frankfort Diet. In that docamen —a memorandum not formally laid before the DU as a body, bat communicated to all its members-4 is known that M. de Buol stoutly maintains the Foe Points, and says that Austria will support them vitt all her power, as indispensable conditions of pesa This declaration I have before pointed oats wholly conflicting with the intentions of the Western Powers, as represented by Lord Ch. rendon to the House of Lords. Thus se come to this ugly point, that Austria in publicly pledged herself to uphold, and if need le enforce conditions which Russia now says she a ready to accept, but which France and Eaglard have in the most solemn manner pronounced wheLy unacceptable. There appeared a short time ago a mysteriou Prussian note to Austria, on tho subject of the negotiations with the Diet, the substance of which iv pretty nearly this, "Let us confine ourselves to sd• witting that the policy followed by both of es hs been very useful, and let us have no &gems explanations." Only a part of M. de Baca memorandum for the Diet has been hitherto re. Ilished, but the Debate now says it has received from Frankfort intelligence that the conclusions come to are as follow : The Cabinets of Berlin and Vienna have come to se sr derstanding, and. the Cabinets of Dresden, Munich, sod Stuttgardt have succeeded in inducing them to egree eter the hues of a resolution which will be proposed by towns consent to the Diet. According to this project, the Bo will declare-1. That it thanks Austria for 10 communications, and also for its persevering forts for the re-establishment of peace. 2. Thu the actual situation does not impose upon the Germane Confederation any necessity to enter into new W gagementa, or to enlarge those contracted by the realms of July 24 and Dee. 9, 1854. And 3. That in the income the re•eatablishment of peace, snd, in order to msinteio tsd I fortify the union of Germany, it is necessary that eerie' manic Confederation, without sharing its reserved Mundt and persisting in that attitude, should provisionally mar tale the putting on a war footing of the federal contiassu es resolved on Feb. 8, 1855. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, Juts 9. Tho Commissariat Department of the War-office has received orders from the government to take the needful steps for renewing the contracts and keeping up the efficiency of the stores of provisions. The three place. named for the delivery of these stores are St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kazan. Amongst the immense quantities of articles for the equipment of the army, but only for the infantry, the new de scription of boots forms a prominent part. They are made of black jueltt or Russia leather, and reach up to the knee. As they require twice as much leather as the cischmi or half-boots hitherto in use in the Russian army, the consumption of this article will be proportionately increased, and the price considerably enhanced. Of the new sort of boots 100,620 pair are , to be delivered at St. Petersburg, 157,683 pair at Moscow, and 88,322 pair at Kam. GERMANY. A letter from Nuremberg, in Bavaria, of the Bth, says :—" The police yesterday arrested two Russian agents as they were about to leave by railway with two gunsmiths, whom they had engaged; and a Russian officer who has arrived here has been placed under surveillance. Several of our gunsmiths have, it is said, been engaged for Russia by the promise of a fixed salary of 500 silver roubles (the rouble is about 4f.), and many contingent advantages." A letter from Vienna says that the Minister of Finance estimates that the saving which will be effected in the course of the present year by the re faction of the army will be 60,000,000 florins (the THE UNITED STATES. ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC. (yam OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, SrNiul This day the United States mail steamship 13'1% Captain Comstock, arrived in the Mersey, directfus New York, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. She sailed al the 11th inst., and has brought, besides the mail, passengers and nearly one million of dollars in on freight. The United States mail steam* Pacific, from hence on the 30th ult., arrived at New York on the same day as the Baltic left. The Baltic was detained in the Channel Wl* hours by a dense fog, and ran down the Sarah Al", from Bangor to Bristol, laden with slates; the crew were all saved. The steam ships Illinois and Northern Light MS strived at New York from California. Their II are June 16. The mining intelligence is wpm"' very favourable, and general business knew* There has been a fire at San Francisco, which to destroyed property estimated at 45,000 dole. Tk town of Auburn was also destroyed by confliguir o . and the damage is considered at a quarter • I million dollars. We have advice. from Melbourne to April 41 64 Panama. The export duty on gold had best a .F" posed, and strongly opposed by the people. T hi n" of gold at Melbourne was 775. per ounce, the dens.' exceeding the supply. At the steamer departure business was 1911 " cheering at New York. Money was abundant at Pee 'Was rates. Stocks were firm and unchanged; t The cotton market was active, and advanced:ft In the market for breadstuff e flour was firm, chea t inactive, and Indian corn steadier. Provisions—Pork active. Freights unaltered. Pans, Exchange on London, 1091 to 110 k ; to 5.15. It is thought that the Empress of the loreuch 1411 not return from Ban:Monnes before visiting bee at Biarritz. Her Imperial Majesty is sspeoted to "'— Paris in the early part of next month.