The Press. — London, England, 1853-09-24 00:00:00

tretne danger. The intervals between the meals should not be long, cholera being uniformly found to prevail with ez• trivonlinarr intensity among the classes that observe the protracted fasts common in Eastern and wine European '' The utmost practicable care should he taken against 'dirty., which i* a very powerful prediAposing canny of the disease. Employers and persons engag din Lib )1-ion* occupations should endeavour, as far WI niTwilite the amount and time of work as to avoid physical exhaustion. '• Warm elothing is of great importance. I►uring tile• pre•+sent •pide•luic in Hamblin; it liar been f id that exposure to mild and damp has brought on all attack AM rapidly as improper food or excess. •I'hi.. pie emotion against damp in rendered doubly important by the p • c ulute its of the present *email'. liongriontinueill and exceriiive have, in many places, antrharged the g sound with moisture, especially nialrained and low•lying districts, placing, in many the land contigmus t e towns. and beyond the 'I4IIW range of town drlinage, almost in the condition ed marshes. The exhalations rising from a surface thins saturated 4 iften with water, h'.bling decompriiing matter in solution, spread to the town.. and afb•ct the• inlinhitantr. however well drained the immediate aitea of the• town may Is•. l'he general board woub! remind the• atflue•nt that the oplNnt.une supply to their poorer net:Allmon* and dependents of wholerome food, warm clothing, Is•dding, and even +such remedies am their medical atte•wlaut may recommend, is charity iu the trues►_ more. and may lie the mean,' of aaving tunny liver. It is also much to I.e di-aird, and the general hoard would strongly reeommenil, that the higher classes should cie•iperate with the clergy who have dime filt much to pro mote the abject at the Legislature under the Public Health Act, in making fririnent visits among thepoor, and impress sing up•al them the how stance of following the in,trite• timer here laid down, with reference to which there is a perfect a.•eordance het ween the I'ollege of Physicians and the 4 ietieral !boar,' of llealth. 4. In conclusion, after the large experience of this slisetute which has keen obtained slice the 4 4e11e1•al Board sof Health homed their find notification ( 1)41r4 b they can 'tow repent with greater eoettitlent•e what they then urged, that, formidable as this malady is in its intenso turn Mel ele%el•opeol stage. there is no disease against which it is in 1111 l • ismer to take sueli effectual precaution. both as collo:- Live communities fuel lori%ate iudividuYls, he attentioi. GI biu its first or wont il try stage. and by the removal lir t 'dose Agfcneies whieli are known to prtgstgate the spread of all .ttridentie diseases, or, where that may he intioractie th e, by ,p l oo‘ al front them. 'I'I gli, therefom the i. s nea of 4 ete111.4 LAW not in our hands, there is ground for now. and even e.sitlidenee, in the stistaitetsl and resolute e,nploymeitt or the newts of proteetion which experience mid wione, have now placed within our reach. "By order of the 4 ieneral Hoard of l't•altla, ( Signet') " tliAl44.l:s MACAULAY, Seetettry." A supplement to the Gazette booted on Wednesday eontaine a series of rules and regulations, twenty one in number, enjoined by the Board of Health upon all local boards, town councils, guardians, and occupier'., respecting the precautions to► be taken against the spread of epide►nical diseases. Itt Norway the cholera is progremaing. On the Ith the nundwrg in Christiana were—sick, ; dead, :111; total, I,t►fdt sick, of whom 661 have expired. The disease has also broken out in Christiangand. Sweden is staining severely. lit Gothenburg, up to the loth, there were 14 sick, and 104 dead, and in the adjoining Majonia, 2414 sick, and 95 dead : in NorkOping, up to the 7th, 2 14 3 sick, and 90 dead in sfa!mil, up to the Nth, 20 siek, and 17 dead ; in 11.'1.'4,0'11 , -4mo, near Landskrona, up to the flth, 511 siek, and I:1 'lead ; in Ymtad, up to the oth, 313 sick, and 177 dead ; in Kariskrona, up to the sth, 1,071) siek, and 1475 deal; in Stockholm, up to the 11th, 1,4145 siek, mil 771 dead. It hits also broken out in a mul titude of towns and villages all over the 'sundry. In no part of Sweden has the cholera been so fatal as in Karlskrona, the 'lndoor(' Aation in the south. which has about 1:1.11410 inhabitants, of whom is 1 have already been carried id. A large proportion of the vietinis has been among the officers and higher class, reellt probably to be attributed to the bad-drinking water. In Denmark the disease Inv; almost disappeared. THE (RAPE PNEASF. THEng is nothing more curious, if it he regarded only as a philosophical speculation, than the rise, progress, and deeay of diseases themselves—why it is thin tili'y stint to nu► an appointed cycle, and then to have exhausted their vil'lllenVe. stud to die. out. The leprosy, the sesourge of the middle ages, ►s well-nigh extinct ; of the sweating s►ckness there is no other standing memorial than a rubric in the English prayer-hook ; smallpox, though struggling ha►d for existents.. will sulsill Lenlllnberd milli the things that were ; and the plague, if not ex►iact, has lost much of it s malignity. t►n the other hind, consumption. almost un known to former ages, yearly mows down its tens of thou. sands : mud cholera has taken the Osseo of the !awe a nd of tlw black death in Europe. These. no doubt. will run their course in like manner, and lea% e fresh diseases to exercise the skill of future physicians. and to carryon' their yet unborn victims. As it is with man, so with plants. The potato disease has run its stt iti+ve vonr,e :‘ ear l' year, and throut:ll country after country. lint the grape disease—as direetly telling the interests of half Eitrope. as vatting away the only If 11111)011 sit 111111direll% of thOUSHMII4 - 64 of even more fatal coiporteuee, and will hereafter be cow.ii,b•rvil, nuleas THE PRESS. some means can be discovered for its cure, one of the greatest scourges of the century. Two phases are presented by the plants when suffering under the attack of this mysterious pest. The more ordi nary appearance presented may be this described. The upper part of the leaf rises in well.detlned conical blisters, in the very earliest instance without any change of matter, whether above or below them. This is the first stage, and lasts but a few hours. Gradually, within the cavity of the pustules, a fungus is formed, at tint of the colour of deal sawdust. lint gradually reddening and darkening. By de green this tills the whole blister, the exterior appearance of the leaf remaining unchanged ; and this is the second luso . In the third, confluence of the pustules vim tn..l,......—generally at the edge of the leaf furthest from the -talk ; the fungus becomes of a brown red, the ex terior of the cavity assumes a copper or purple hue, and the tissue of the leaf begins to perish. Finally, the whole interior is covered with fungus, a rusty matter forms on the exterior, the edge of the leaf slits up and crumbles, and the whole leaf falls to pieces. . . The otter phase is Less offensive to the eye, though equally fatal to the plant. It er,n►mencee by the appear. sure of brown or purple blotches on the upper side of the leaf. The edges curl up, as if they had been burnt. The blotches spread--penetratto the tissue of the leaf—become brittile, split up, and the whole drops to pieces. A cob web-like film, in both eaNeb, frequently covets the under surface of tin kat 4ln the itself the whitish mildew has usually formed when it it l i n or the size of a small pea. The 4.4,re extends itself with great rapidity by radiating filaments ; they merely attach themselves, without pene tutting the cuticle ; the upper part rises, rounds itself, ripens, and is carried off to some other grape where it can inlet ify. . . No - wonder that this disease should have attracted the notice of the most e aaa i a tent naturalists and practical men. In Germany, Professor Muhl; in France, Louis Leclerc; in Portugal, Mr. Forrester in Italy, Professor Sangi !mote : and in England, Mr. Brockedon, in his lecture delivered before the 'Loyal Institution, have all treated the subject. It was in the spring of I'4o that this fungus first made its apiwaranee in a hothouse at Margate. Hy a somewhat ambiguous compliment to the gardener who first noticed it. Mr. E. Tucker, it has received the name of the °Minns Tawkeri. In Isl 7 it reached France. For throe rears it re turned with increasing violence, but still not exciting any gr mit alarm, till, in 1/451, its ravages created *iodide both there and in Italy. It sprraul along the Ligurian coast to Naples; it came back through the 'Tyrol, devastating Switzerland, and touching Haden ; it extended itself aeross the Illyrian states to Hungary ; it coasted Mediterranean Spain to Malaga : it entered Algeria, the Archipelago, and Syria: hilt it; most fatal EllVltt.:44 were ieserve4l for Madeira. Then., when the poverty is always extreme, and where tie tints art° the only resource, the ' l um e rs i s p e rf ec tly frightful ; the one staple of the island is ruined ; and what is to he•ilile of its 1141,000 inhabitant* is past human iteinginath Portugal itself, it is hoped, will not this year suffer so severely as her neighbours, though the latest reports are sufficiently gloomy. The vintage of the Alto I twin), should it be mined, would indict an incalculable blow on the mi. tiood prosperity ; and therefOre it is not wonderful that a complete panic sl Id have prevailed at Porto. A tour made by Mr. Forrester to the wine districts in the end of July leads to the belief that for this year at least the scourge will there appear in a modified form. He was even struck with the apparent vigour and health of the vines : and ho examined with the utmost attention the wine districts moon 1114 safrio to Peso de Itegon, anal as far s Villa Real. He emafeases, however, that in some places, and especially about the Caldas de Moledlo, he saw the fatal fungus; he then calculated the yield that the Alto Haunt would have given at 100,0 M pi ! vs, Isrt "upp"ed that the fifth Nut of this would be lost through the " molestia." It is worthy of remark that lithe Minh.., and especially round Itareellos, there has been for some years a chestnut disease of similar character, and that great fears me entertained of the entire destruction of that tree.. As 111 all epidemics, the most absurd reasons are RR signed by the peasantry of the infected countries for the exidence of the oidialet. Just as, in the great plague at Milan, men were tortured to death on suspicion of hating smeared the walls with plague ointments—and in that at Prague the Jews were torn in pieces on the plea that they had poisoned the wells—so at Strasbnrg the vinegrowe'rs will have the cause of the grape disease to be the smoke of the engines on the Paris and Strasburg Railroad : at Genoa they attribute it to gas; the bourgeois of Marseille s to bad air; and the larnolor of Madeira to the English And the remedies proposed are MI contradictory, And in many cases as absurd, as the eauee'a alleged. "It ix plethora," says one; " reduce the vine, and you cure it." " It is atrophy," says another ; " manure the tree, and you will remove it." "We want more rain," cries a third " More sun." persists a fourth ; " t'ut off the aff e ct e d shoots." recommends a fifth : " Tobacco is a specific," urges a sixth. And the list might be' extended to sixty recipes. instead of six. Only one has been found certain, and that is impracticable on a large scale—the puffing of sulphur over the branches anti grapes, or the vaporising it on hothouse pipes. What of this year's oiditna may have on the social condition of Francs., where, out of five hundred millions of hectolitres of wine, half will perish. it is impossible to say. We can scarcely imagine a parallel ease in England. A barley disease would deprive the English labourer of his beer, its the limos in quest' leprives the French pea. sant of his wine ; but the employment of the former does not depend to 'ltch an extent on the barley crop as that of the latter on the vineyard. In the meantime. one thing only is evident : and it is pot an altogether useless lesson to scientific pride. No litatnati means have as yet been thou(' capable of orret , ting, or even checking, the plague. SATURDAY, Anil it is carious to see huw, in different language, the kg. norant and the learned agree iii one confession. "Ou r only trust.' says the Malaga peaAant. is iu La Santis. l ama." We can but hope. • writes Mr. boxicedun. that the Power which has ervated thr o.idium may withdraw what to us appears so few-fill a scourge.- t ortign anb Colonial Marlin:pct. PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. PARIS, September 22. THE Emperor and Empress honoured the Imperial Academy of Music with their presence yusterliy evening. A new ballet was produced, called (Elia and Mysis. Before the breaking up of the camp at Satory, the Emperor wished to command once more in person the troops under the orders of General Levasseur. Accordingly the order of the day announced the manteuvres for three o'clock ; and the Emperor arrived with his usual punctuality in an open car riage, accompanied by his cousin the Prince Napo. leon, the Duke of Alba, and escorted by the cuirass siert. The Empress only arrived towards the end of the day, accompanied by the Duchess of Alba and two ladies of honour, and attended by several cham berlains. The escort was selected from the regiment of Guides. An immense concourse of people covered the surrounding heights and plains. The weather MIS magnificent. The Emperor was received by Msrshal Matnan, by all the generals of divisions, and the foreign officers present in Paris. His Ma. jesty immediately mounted on horseback, anti the review began. At the end of the manceuvres, ext. cuted with rare precision and emelt:Lie, the troops formed three sides of a square, the carriages of the Empress and a considerable crowd forming the fourth side. The officers took position in the centre, having the Emperor in the midst of them, who addressed the army se follows: " Officers, sulsotticers, and soldiers, at the moment of breaking up the camp of Satory, I desire to testify to you my entire satisfaction. The three divisions which have succeeded each other have shown that spirit of discipline, of good fellowship, that love for the profession of an us , which nmintains the military spirit so essential to s great nation. Indeed, in perilous times, who has sustained elle Aires but these assemblages of armed men, spning front the people?—foamed for discipline, animated by a high sense of duty, and preserving in the midst of peace l when generally egotism and interest enervates) that devotion to their country founded on self-denial, that love of glory founded on the contempt of riches. " This it is which has made of armies the sanctuary of honour. T hns is it that in time of peace there exists a union of sentiments—l may say, indeed, an esprit de corps —between us and foreign armies. We admire those who in their own country frel and act as we do, who, so long as politics do not transform them into enemies, we are happy to welcome as comrades and as brothers. " Receive, my friends, jointly with my praises of your good conduct, my thanks for the attachment which you entertain for myself and the Empress. Coma on my atlec• tion, and believe me that, next to the honour of Lavhig been thrice elected by the people, nothing can render me more proud than to command such men as you.' These words of the Emperor were received with the greatest enthusiasm, and with shouts of " Vivo l'Empereur!" At six o'clock he left the camp and regained his residence at St. Cloud. M. Drouyn de l'Huys and M. de Persigny have both returned to Paris. The Emperor started this morning for the north : he will arrive at Arras about four o'clock this evening. The Moniker contains an official avertissement, or warning, to the Constitution ad, couched in these terms : "Taking into consideration that this journal, w:thout taking notice of the recommendations given previously, persists, with a view to private speculation, systematically to exalt certain mercantile enterprises, and to depreciate others, in bringing discredit on them by erroneous and malevolent appreciations ; " Upon the proposition of the Director of the' Genera Safety,' directs, &c., &e. " Le Ministre, &c., " Paris, 21st Sept., 114,53." "F. ret PERsiGn." This is a sad blow to a newspaper wishing to pass for a semi-official journal. Some time ago I warned you not to put too much faith in its articles, said to be drawn from high sources. The Monitenr notices in a leading column that her Majesty the Queen of England had appointed • Lord Lucan, the Marquis of Worcester (son of the Duke of Beaufort), Lord Bingham, and Colonel Dupuis to proceed to the camp at Helfant to compli ment the Emperor in the name of her Britannic Majesty. The Prince de Chimay, after an audience with his MRiesty the King of the Belgians, set off for Lille, having been charged with a mission to compliment the Emperor of the French on his arrival near to the Belgian frontiers. The Count de Chambord will keep the family fries of hi., birthday, the goat of thid month, with bid