The Express. — London, England, 1850-12-25 00:00:00

~. • ~~+-~ i G y. T ;...._, . .., t ,,, .;.:.,,, .)-,_ .... '...., 7T.,,,(..,...:_;„ 7•7 • • ' . • ; \..., fl i ~, rt (, % A . _ y. //, No. 1,352.) LONDON, WEDNESDAY fG, DECEMBER, 25, 1850. J J ivory SATVSDAT ,E EXHIBITION EXPRESS, IC 07 • AU LT 11011X1110 DOOMS IPAIII2. PRIOR POURPENCE, .?. IWPOLNATIOX O.IILATITI 70 ?TO EAT EXHIBITION OF 1851, PILOSPOCTS, MINDS° CON AASANoSSANT4. APPILSAIOI, PIOOIZS4, PAST AID MUM& iE enormous number of persons interested in the f, f iscrou,sc Crest Ettubitioa of the World's ler!Miry it hitter° had ao satiefemory re cativo Is the —so reptt tutfe eatly larr, with mat/maim brasier en •ualt to amp sad ezemplifg the 'enlist:min ir•b f0t0... worthy of so stead aa suet—toe , !..f EXPRESS" have determined upon S, easy abersoos, a double sheet of that r, 1413111%. 1 the tallest and latest information relative t , Arthef With • mass of other O&M? ~.111111 to the :waited' of risme tatem'ed either as ral asA Loral Coramitteemas tad Setretariat, llembate rAir.c.al Travelling Clubs, Rettibitors, Friends of ~,tree., Rivals of Balloon, aria the moll larger sad r ti tle .4 these who are to be the hood/sass( Mows& mime e. the Iletrovilie during the tortheeralag Coo of I.4lsity7 et all Nader. la witidsei m to ste liparithea, this Emilie Sheat e Vi bir lea ra Nees, sad will, moreover, eereially attired to all rt Emits is Literature, Somme, and Art. Beiblisi in Hyde-park tote be delivered to the Royal ,ilaseowere sa Tuesday, the 314.1 December, 'ben the -comes of the Exhinitim - comusesee. The Vint .et of the "EXHIBITION EXPRESS" will be no Saturekay. Me PM of Droatibbor, to be sat .. tub strewth's' Settuday. AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS. TO TOO O9ITOII Or Tea zxrusir. I, NOTTS. Fn.—What at Meadsld I =speed to inquire of a amide= la that two about the cattle and stock of the aeighbaarlosel, who said he would take me to • eased tamale= by, and show me • first rate herd of short horse and some excellent farming. Some of ' you, seeders who take an in'erest in the Smithfield Club fat cattle show, may remember a roan short horn heifer, to whi ch, 1 think, the first prise of her class and a silver medal were awarded in December last. It was a very superior animal, in class Z, which was bred and fed by Mr. Fletcher, of Radmanthwaite, a lordship in Mansfield parish, and situated about three miles to the north of that town, whose stock and management were so highly spoken oL Thither I beat my way. I (mind Mr. Fletcher a plain, and really working farmer, who has thrown his heart and energies into his business with a devo tedness that is quite pleasing to witness. His lava consists of 290 sores, and I think be has just taken some additional land thee by, but which has yet to be brought into high cultivation. The soil is a sandy loam, some portirna of it requiring =vial drainage, and forming what in this neighbourhood is called s= land. The rent I eaderstood to be shoat 80e. parser' b:ing in MAPAPldtlegim nor Very good, Mr. Fletcher hid himself W I Z a number of =mil houses and sheds for his stock, but he still required more aceommoda tioo, which might be futnisbed at no great expense, Set for such a tenant u he will be seen to be, the landlord has done nothing. Mr. Fletcher has occupied the farm about fifteen years, and he succeeded his father, who held it before him. Everything about the land was in good order, all the quickhedgee were trimmed and kept ate so that they presented close, thick fencer, and the ditches were covered over. The swedes and maugold weevil bear testimony to the goodness of the sys'em pursued. Last year the swede turnip erop, which was shown in competition for a prize at a local agricultural arisocia lion, was found to weigh 30 ton 16 cwt. to the acre ; and there is every reason to believe this year's swedes will be quite as bulky. The Rollover Association Committee, however, refuse to permit Mr. Fletcher any longer to compete for crop prizes, as he is, they say, certain to carry off everything. The stock kept on this farm consists of about 40 6.ode/cattle, of which ten are breeding cows of pure Durham blood. All the male calves of good form and colour are reared as bulls, the few made steers being fed off. Titers is now a steer feeding which is less than three years old, and has attained a great weight, anal= a heifer, which has oue or two calves that will go far to sustain the character of Mr. Fletcher's herd at the forthcoming Smithfield show. From eight to twelve two-year old heifers are also bought, every spring, from the beet droves which come out of Yorkshire, and, after running in the pa tures during the summer, are kept in the yards through the succeeding winter on straw and turnips, with 61b. of oil cake per head daily. Three heifers being in calf by one of Mr. Fletcher's well bred bulls, and teing in high condition, are sold in the spring for good prices, many of his neighbours being anxious to purchase them. The heifer' thus managed and sold last spring fetched on the average 171. each, having cost the year before 71. each. This is probably as good a return u it would be possible to real= from any bent; and the manure so made is littleiaimise to that produced by feeding bullocks. The great weight of turnips and manguld wurzel grown on the farm enables the occupier to afford all his floe stack a large supply of roots, and all the young animals get a portion of oil cake. ludeed, when I state that on this small farm the ordinary yearly consumption of oil cake amounts to forty tons, it will be obvious that all the stock is generously treated. The flock maintained is a breeding one, consisting of 200 ewes, originally Leicester', but for the last two or three years Mr. Fletcher has used Cotswold ram., and cone Trendy his younger sheep are some what Urger than pure Leicester'. All the wether lambs are fed off; and, when little above a year old, reach from 23 to 28Iba. per quarter. Of course these lambs get eileake from the time they are weaned. The ewe lambs take the place of the older ewes which are annually drafted. The number of sheep thus kept, throughout the great part of the year on this email farm, is no less than 580-4 very large stock, especially when the number of cattle le also taken into the account. Mr. Fletcher is also a breeder of cart horses, and has now some ca pital young stock of this sort of his own rearing. Indeed, taking the live stock of the farm as a whole, I do not recollect to have seen anywhere a nerd complete and profit giving breeding stock. The stockyard also told that the °linke feeding had not been thrown away. And it is worthy of remark, that here I heard ad &syllable of complaint about low prices; nor. though I led to this subject, the least dissatisfaction =- pressed at the repeal of the corn laws. A good breed- ing stock, well managed and generously treated, I believe to be the best " protection" against all even tualities a farmer can poems. Nearly adjoining to this farm I met with the some what unusual occurrence of a well cultivated farm of 30 awns. 'fine occupier an industrious man who is a farmer only manages his land extremely well, keeps a fair quantity of stock, and grows good crops. Generally the little farmer is a sad sloven, and I know but few of this class whose condition is superior to that of a day labourer. An exception is worthy of recording. One of the objects I had in visiting this neighbour hood was to see the Duke of Portland's irrigated meadows at Clipstone Park ; and they are well worthy of inspection. About three miles from Mansfield, in the pariah of Mansfield Woodhouse, the works, by which the irrigation is effected, commenced ; and the meadows lie between that place and the village or town of 011ertoo. Originally the land out of which these now fertile meadows have bees formed was a barren waste, in the wildest part of Sherwood Forest. A drive of seven miles ammeete the Welbeck domain with Clipstone Park, and that part of it which approaches the water meadows peas= through Birkland, the woodland tract I mentioned be my former letter. The rich green slopes of the water meadows extend fir several mike, and the artificial terraces kept in constant verdure content pleasingly with the heath, fern, and ancient trees of the forest. The original state of the lend occupied by the meadows was a line of hill sides, a rabbit warns covered with heath and gorse, with a valley consisting of a rushey swamp, the haunt of snipes and wild ducks. The River Mann, descending from Mansfield, I wound through the valley. Some parts of this valley were from 9 to 10 feet deep in bog, and quite useless. The quantity of land first irrigated, consisted of about 300 acres, and the full yearly value is said to have been about 801. Clipetone Park farm, of which it forms a part, contained in 1816, when the duke first took it in hand, about 1.600 acres, which had been let for leas than 3601. The work was commessed Ica 1819, and the meadows finally eompleted in their per sent state in 1837. The expel= to that date was very nearly 40,0001. Subsequently more land had been irrigated, the coot of whish I did not learn, bat probably it was less in proportion than the first per , AT EklttluL—Oo Monday evening Bristol d oe by reason of the experience obtained in the in n , f l by • dense fog, which had prowled. is the earlier works. 11, m tbeiseraincr. Several modest' occurred, be ^ womb a Iwo car, and driver got into t h e water at A flood dyke takes the water from the Mann, sad Wseftead Has. he Ilene was drowned sad the Maas follows Recourse, bending with the irregularities of rat eat with aims dillealty. One of the Irish stamen the ground, for 6# miles, when it returns to the river. rt .0 4,4 Is mesh= ■sp the river, but was get off mulls The work' are then continued on the opposite side el lv , F.totit CAPTITRILD.—A few days ago a large the river, where another flood dyke is formed, and ee Is • extends about two miles. A road has been made ''ul"4•s rues a.r. •a."OfisJ.!/I,6,keek4altbilli47",ertiTiniele along the whole length of the works, under which ▪ :-- en. er the anderbeepera The ass bad ma* the water for flooding is ocieveryed by sluices, and ie takes, the bird from :the trap, se It bed_ eddy treat whence a view of all the works nay be =M ✓ ra t % " 0 i • views. , Wick eke of • "di" sanded. The Mann, a small river, brings with e „ .td :en th - heti lof the bird wader hie loot. sad we* it Tay imn . M an d e la , en d it, a pp ear ance ..p , , e, d i te the bird nut o the trap alive. id, meat ski from up to tip. T i be t. biri wiag to l i tr ead .t t everted ' ta lilac " that of a strati° of • 4 " 91 the golds& manna so that its waist sag bs highly hell- ADVERTISEMENTS. r mat value of tae •• EXEIBITION EXPRESS " ratan. matt be *entreat to advertena oeiri“ees ate slat he at that 011os is Waited in at we E.ortt is the Evostar tif soot ?May, to mare Is a is the &amber of the fellowirg der. Eirs.l3 PATRNI' BRANDY, is Ingle bottler, i etinwa by Sib priet Mans ebtaisalla Met all •.,%, "Irk nuerli la lowa ; or. st pse ,1 tit 9 o lemain. at per plisket sad ON a :1111FIlt ising. The water is poured over say part of the' meadows which may be required to be flooded by means of flood gates, and is received from eas carrier to another in its descent to the river. Tte carriers down the slopes are pinned with lionestene grouted with lime and water. The work of laying eat the slope* in their punt shape wee one of infinite labour, and the expense's thus gained has been fell of instruction to undertaken of similar worts. though the details would be too minute your columns. The water is turned on for or four days at a time, at the intern! of t five or six weeks, aooording to the supply water ; sad this is continued through the hot weathpr of summer and the cold of winter. Atter booty rains, when the streets and sewer' of Mansfield hate been well washed, the water at Clipetoee is mods more efficacious, and. will sometimes deposit a sedi ment in one watering of the thickness of a sheet of paper. When the meadows were first formed, the supply of water was not sufficiently under control, in dry summers, the river being low, the want of water we. mach felt ; while in wet weather the gram outgrew the consumption of the stock, and from its great succulency was diffieult to be made into hay. The se inconveniences have been since remedied by the construction of a large reservoir of 70 acres, made by the duke just above the town of Mansfield. This pet only secures the means of working the IsliirefOft, ISialowt iiiaiiios.interiilows, now cwsiet. I jog of nearly SOO acres, are farmed as part of the date's Clipstone Park farm, of more than 2,000 acres, and are managed as follows : la January ewes with forward lambs, bred early for the purpose, are turned into the meadows. Cab bages are given to them at this time in aid of the young grass, and the lambs are raid to be equally very healthy and thriving. From January to May ewes, as they lamb, &returned into the meadows, and the lambs are fattened, selling before the middle of May at from 225. to 30s. tech. A. the lambs go off the meadows are shut up, some es early as the begin ning of April : other parts as late es the end of May. The meadows first shut up are ready for cutting green by the middle of May, or in about six weeks, a-d are said to yield from sixteen to twenty carthada of green food per acre. This is carted off for the cattle kept in the yard& A second crop will be ready for cutting in the middle of July, six weeks again being -uffiotent for the flooding and growth of the crop. Torn there will be a good eddish to be fed by cattle in the autumn and early winter. Sometimes the earlier-watered meadows are cut three times. At all events they afford sheep feed in the spring two cut tings, and a crop of aftermath, with no help whatever except that suppliel by irrigation. S me of the grass is cut for hay, generally that which has been stacked rather late, and yields in July two tons of hay to the acre. At this time there are some very large stacks of fine hay at the Park-farm, the pro duce of the watered meadows, and thus late in October 1 observed one large meadow in course of cutting fir green food. The value of so constant and considerable a supply of green fond, and such a bulk of hay as these meadows afford to the light and ' naturally poor soil of the Park farm, it would be difficult to estimate. When the water wax paned over 300 acres only of these meadows, the following ' statement of the produce of each acre and its money value wan prepared by the duke's managers: PRODUCE OP AS ACES. Reaping from January 1 to end of Maven 2 ewes and lambs, the lambs sold tot at 245. smelt Deduct shepherd's wages.... 2 2 0 From April 1 to end of July, tiriss cut 'ream 18 loads of fodder such eatting—total, 38 loads at 7s. per load Deduct expenses mow*: sal carting, 24 bd. per load 8 2 0 1 10 0 E idish It DEW OFF BEN NEVIS: the patneised bett_ist r Amy ILL& him l• le* Prek•ba met netalibt impulse, o menmilialm lisma mil emorimmtmire spirit Ws mad ommoiry; et et 421. per dime. el NUTS wad PAH ranlilo4llAlol. I E STANDARD ar COGNAC: tbe wry ti mat f Brold7 imPonigt la lode WWI; probeted by W r• espeoPetb ebtabobis Iron .nretemmabis spirit me. ..• bars .s watur as timi Wm at Hs.. sod the psis st OIL sort Stirs sod be.. st 7. SIUTLIVILLIMIMIL CHININIFA—NO CURB NO PAY.— vdri P.t MT SLOW= OUTS Is a &stain run tar , third*, , lt IlltaS • tomtits! akar and la not oars •fl an a Mil rtistry yds. Ilts opera all thing it is vary To be awl SOSO tits wit tosufaciarar, J. C. ot, 12; tralarkstralt (to dears sot of lieseardrama), .1: ONLY STOVE WITHOUT A FLUE.— , .I CO.l P tTENT, kw member belw perwerea woterekbels. • we.% hareraaroons, *hop% sables, andall Wares requiring trenth, prier truss Ira. east womb.. Joyce's Mows do ant • or unplerrent repo% If red srlth the Juror's Patent Fuel, Aar to bora from It to 41 bows without attention or reeks . or rel nas ur dolly at the sole Proprietor's. SWAN 11 ASH, a.strlN t., Emmeline bertimsper ; red et Plenty Depot, •.t t; and to be lisd • Sea the prlesapal ironmongers 000 dry. Joyce's Prepared Feel So theaters% 2t. ed. I. only to be hid i.. 1i Idatltn Feel mad we on the NASII. ISA Ils etsd UN. PlPWlrrob.4net. • !WAS, STOVILS, sna FIRE-1 itt ,N Iturrro of the abbe are repasated, *bre filially abiding, in ILI.IAtI et. BURTON'S 4110Woittartillit, Tr, oxvottn. • hf (*raw of threaterwitmet), aid No. I, N►:WMA\.sl ItY.LT. rte th. brews la the sorb, and meta* ouch he wort ?El Mitt, trIOTPS, RATIOPS, 1111E.IKONet sad GENE. I taidtliONOVAT ait barb be approached **whitey either r sty, ..wily, baby of dealers, or eseubsiforwar waft lip, while the prise be ea ibet low bale far whls b W abs. •,,set bee bees es adebrelledhr mare thin • ember ell a esately. t obey" vet bretwol .canters sad leo arm of bmo /4 • Ina; dine with ormolu ontoments tort on. Ws at bars, L3la .1 ; brewed binder, complete, with etandarda, fres 74 ad; lowlets, ter tl 11.. t PO; dlttn, with rich alba* ante. to. freb 4111 air 7.; trwiroas, ham la. ed. ate ltt la. ame n . retest stoves with radiatinplates. tON BEDBTHAI )8 and CHILDREN% COTS. eery abortmest of throe liedebsedis I. Iwo sod au* Ifs. ht. cash; eau Oita (ran *a. met, load with &brill .Ind palest masking. ant entirely hes ton ewe's, nate, er ;o1 MALY., at the Shew-norme of WILLIAM S. BURTON, I; intrATlthaT (bron of Nmesaaa..trest), sad No. I, 0...THE...T. which ere thn term* la the world; where hr. wets t he. PATENT arimmcumr., ar eery IRON ebish is applicable alike to Iron sad wooden • t It ha. luso found. ea eese*ile. ebe perish rwit,=rior • • • •• der bed. Onernert (roe barbs& at I. 4d. i • ; t.tlalngue, With eabariags, as well Yr every t twle, • nl (per pat) free. I tit lit'ltTON% stork of OENTRAL PIIILNIBITINO iklIT no novelty the lugret In OW world, sad an es law .i.lf sapinyed to pre a cornet ideas( Ito variety and **sat, writ.l In call and inspect h. The money retread hr n• ant appflned of. -.19, OXP itth-OTKEET (arab of .irool, awl No. I, NEWMAN-914E4T, harrow.—Zata. Woleartot, . 1 11{1'; AA MKS ExTs.— At tt. festive ~f the year, when (non& and lovers assemble at the •l. or eel to the mazes of the d tore, s more than *mod • n eted t. vereetalattreolloa end the folleterMe 131:km1111rd • he the t..tlet are called tine lammed regolelthnt, namely, •I. N .It" . MAC Vet It ate meting en•l eustaleing a luau '. hAir, ItOWLANLPP KALTDOIR. tor renderate the Ain met WAYLAND/ Oteni ft h or Pearl Den rope:tow a peArl•like whileeees le tie teeth. Elegant and pry. et. Megrim et = . lleilielele. The only gm . ell he tr. the sane el" peeemeas that of the •1 the enamer fer thcelit Mattoniyarden, ..o-1 by (NINA& rid pedimea, f ill itISTMAii FESTIVITIES.—The GOLD and NJ AI rail I IQUID ot SUTER awl Ott.,, Is. art Is. Id. per bottle, 4 rains.. ondirotrold ua tal artaelea, however clangored 1.4. a* bertlrta owl r sow, reprodrodon In or .1 • I...utt And bri holey of sew ortielor —SMITH, all, • ....p 'N •rt•4l,,otreet , . ca= 2 l.?anam4 ... Losaos.bnage; ~).., a.......; Crete^ 24 Lnwther. I .. ixr, a o ebtertre ; Perrier, rollait. and Cal., Dobbs; ' t • it 1, r.. t.-trert, Itanchrter; Marty, eboart, adanlallia. 1 11 , 11 E orromAs WAX CANDLE. 124 per .„ t . pg.?. abed by the Bow lamb br fto citrons busty • f tl nee. h pito for lb* bottottbs of ° • • I OA%,.PAREIT t a a rld. Womble 1.410. ° • &Ever drop' KATCHLESO ditto, Ts. s' .4.. llorlOy re‘ tifird loop oil, 4o prr "%Hon ; pore OM , por g• 1!,,,; Iv. 10d. per tia.—Plobr, surd. N. ts4l4-tri ct. Ihts free by peat I I )I , I•KR'S I t LACK CURRAN GVUUti 1 .1.1%111, in Houle*, at Is, lid. and Y. W. eieremess vie ramble to Le down in that 1,4 tie . .4.p er a free, aspodurstio:3lB es • • •• , ha, sal nipilty ems susbe. • beophei amok eememplua. • log% " 01441 v ..Si bleb le• meeekebee, wee 8888781•881081 of • :.I me in rrpote. Firm Mid Cm. OiNdrilmledm ; ' inate—trees, i and 8U abemble. ON at • t.w .11,1 rad. itaftful tw I• "LW` ITIMANT COUGH MUM, wad Es sot be N° MI)ItE PILLS, Me say °eke D T.. • artspatiou. Nod • ' mamma% or it ws. WO% Wain% fatakair. • ' irner. sal Ivor MEW I 'also 41 Oa bair a s i umes, spun% lonagesest tbe tar Malin eras% dram ordels, ecorampaes, ' 41 104 as• • 1111"="0 . 6 . 1Pre. (in d a mp.) . 1 aux soimey insmind) • MO/ eta Mama modells, bydreestap, iamb. beSee•olleatig i rf••••• by • Wa•••6 • •••••••• • • intatilie nom tiesdbe dopiel ft paw stelae =Om estrauts gram So COO lama wiles hew reetwetahlitly, peseinty Obeinting esuisnillea at , • ' • the newt WI" 411104 w. We drilerid —Ds '•4 Cu , J;, New Besi4lnst, Lambs ; Wtittaker mad Os. Y WS, NF.WB, NEWIL—The • Lirirot New.paper in the made. LLOTIIII CI I= • NIMs l'A PER sailalas Oeleimee of the very a 4 Itit (to the eseseest of bon ma IP_ orb a dr, mo, dimwit splanse. mpg sew nom Imillmm• Te,.. Wawa of 'l. Paillirds Itaisellgy1 taisellgy pnat. Prim cell aw ibte pod Ms. bad Om • to Welmeed land. Miiisrpeorea. finis& sod cosy a. ft emple; Oa MIN Wile SOW £l.l 14 0 Or, if mown for hay: 2 tons of hay at 31. plr ton £6 0 0 Deduct apemen In this nee, MI the land would be pas- - 5 0 0 turd as mach later through April and May, it would feed lour limbo fat instead of two; tour lambi at 24e. n` d liS t wig« E idish 4 4 0 1 10 0 £l4 14 . 0 The keep of 600 stock ewes and lambs kept on the madows during the same time is set agaicst the ex pense of cabbages brought to assist the early ewes and lambs. Taking. therefore, the total quantity of meadow at 300 arms, and the mean value at 111.45. per use, this would give a yearly value of £3,360 0 0 Putting the value of the manure produced for the arable part of the farm at 2OO 0 0 And the saving by snaring the seeds to become • fell pasture before they are stocked in the spring The total sums' value would be £3,660 0 0 Here is a grass value of 121. 45. per acre, from which must be deducted the wages of the superin tendent of the water meadows and hie two assistants, amounting to about 10s. per acre, and the heal rates and taxes; and there will then remain a good return upon the outlay of 40,0001., the cost of the meadows. And this fund of fertility was created oat of a rabbit warren, for I understand it was scarcely a sheep walk. Watered meadows are never considered safe for sheep in the autumn, and in one year some of the spring-fed sheep are stid to have taken the tot on these meadows, but in general they have been particularly healthy for ewes and lambs in the spring. This, however, is but a small drawback on the many advantages afforded to the farm by these meadows. And the example offered to landowners by the construction of them meadows has been followed by Earl Manvers, who has formed some irrigated meadows on his own land lying lower down on the sides of the river Mann. The Clipstonnwater meadows are by far the largest work of the kind in England, and form one of the beet specimens of agri cultural engineering of modern times. I am convinced that there are yet numerous sites where similar works might be executed did the owners poseurs the spirit, resources, and permvennce of the Duke of Portland. --------. - Between the water meadows and the arable por tion of Ctipetece Park Farm there are plantations of timber trees of some extent, all, I believe, planted by the present Doke of Portland. The arable land is on high ground, and is a light sandy tract which oonld scarcely be kept in cultivation without the aid of the water meadows, or a large equivalent outlay in artificial manures. At the farm, the stack yard is one of the finest rural sights at this period of the year it is possible to behold. AU the produce of hay from the water meadows, and the wheat, barley, and other grain, with some hay from the seeds and clover grown on nearly two thousand acres of arable land, are here collected together in immense stacks, got up and arranged with neatneas I never mw cur wThe system pursued in cultivating this land allow it to remain four years in pesters, and making the rotation a seven course one, but from some three or four year old ley. I saw, it is obvious that the last two years' pestures are of comparatively little value, and ought to be broken up at latest by the end of the second year. I am very much disposed to doubt, —notwithstanding some good pieces of two year old seeds I have seen in vinous thetricts--whete any thing is pined by keeping the land down in mode foe more than a single year ; that is, always assuming the farmer has soflieisat capital to keep the whole of his farm in high cultivation. All the horses are kept constantly in the stable, and the cattle are kept in the yards throughout the year, the water meadows supplying green fodder foe moiling both horses and cattle throughout the miser and autumn. At this time there are about seventy oxen, tied up in stalls, two besets in a stall, which !alibiing ' fattened with °Botha bay , theft awl Until& _The" are also Mbar beasts loose is the yard& The =mg boasts appear to be in various stages of maturity, and believe they are sold off as get fat, others from the yards taking their places in the stalls. No cattle are bred an the farm, the feeding boasts being par abased {thirdly oat of Darisjahire. Short horns sad Soots sin the atria fed. In this way the stook of manure is eery large. So much so, as to permit the applkation of nearly 30 loads par acre to more than 280 sera of turnips yearly. I was told that tram 35 to 40 toss of swedes per acre are re garded as not insanely heavy weights to be ss wn under sea treatment. Hers I saw a twesidse ro sblso somber of the forest sheep, and also of the moos breed between South Down and forest sheep, all of which are kept for supplying the Duke's establish ment with four and five year old mutton. Occasionally some of the surplus stock of this sort is sold to the butchers of the neighbouring towns, and is much in demand amongst the provincial epicures. Doubtless the mutton is good; bat, as farming stock, such • flock most be vary unprofitable. Beyond the Dales farm and in the village of Clipstooe there are several old enclosed farms which have partaken of the improvement during the last twenty-five years so genial in the husbandry of west Nottinghamshire. As as instant*, there is oas farm occupied by tenant, wham father, grandfather, ether, and graat-graat-grandfatber also orespied it in sassomioa, in which, when he took posnassios, the steak of sheep kept was Ift/ lwasel he new Leaps Owes Modred! sad tisk ft required thirteen flosses to make op • tod of wool, now eight fleeees make up the tod. The increase in the patios of grain during the pre. sent tenant's time has been in quite an equal propor tion. And from soma remarks he made to me should not consider his system of cultivation to be one of the highest of the district. In a district new to him, a stranger is naturally directed and attracted to some of the best farms, and the more active farmers of the neigh bourhood he is visiting; and thus in all accounts of the husbandry of any district, au impression is apt to be given somewhat more favourable than • minute acquaintance with tho locality would warrant ; and, though the ordinary stan dard of cultivation of the light land division of Nottinghamshire is really a high ot,e, I era by no means sure that my letters from that &strict do not tend to create a rather exaggerated idea of the good ness of its fuming, for I saw very many farms which satisfied me that, though much has been done, more yet remains to be dots before the farmers can say " We ran grow no more." A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER. INDIAN FINANCES. Mom the Daddy New.) In • recently received umber of the Friend of India we find a criticism of great length and elabora tion on some remarks respecting Indian finance whisk appeared in the Daily News shortly after the delivery to parliament of the teat year's accounts of the FAA India Company. Those remarks had, it would sees, been very generally re-echoed or reproduced by the independent press of Calcutta and Madras; and had. in consequence, occasioned a good deal of annoyance to the authorities whose reputation is involved in the subject. It becsm.., therefore, desirable to remove or lessen the impression so made: and hence the demi official criticism in the Friend of India. As such, we propose to examine its statement. Before, however, doing so, it may be necessary to say that the Friend of India was—in times when freedom of the press, and something even more valu able, viz., liberty to carry Christianity to India, was prohibited in our Oriental territories—started by some leading members, and it may almost be added martyrs, of the Baptist Mission that found refuge and safety in the Dutch settlement of Serampore—distant about sixteen or eighteen miles from Calcutta and opposite Barrackpore, where the Governors-general seek repose from the turmoil of that capital. For many years it wan ooklucted in a spirit, temper, and tone worthy of its origin : independent is thought, temperate in lass page; sensible and unaffected, though somewhat, verbose; never reaching brilliancy of style, or philo sophic investigation; but always full of sobriety, and free from trilling and scurrility. It had, however, even then one serious defect: it was never able in its missionary zeal to appreciate the many fine points in native character. but was generally oppressed by a sense of, to an European, its more obvious defects. Still, being at that period, from the then thoroughly autocratic nature of the Indian government, and from its position equally out of its influences, and of the cliquery, jealousies, and gossip of Calcutta, the calm and refit-dive comments of the Friend ef India on public occurrences were exceedingly valuable. Now, however, that freedom of the press has brought the Indian government somewhat within the pale of public opinion, that government has begun to feel the value of newspapers; by degrees the Friend V India became connected with it; and at last has lapsed into something very like its organ ; explaining its views, defending its policy, and upholding its mea- sures. So that of late we have had this paper of missionary origin, justifying each successive war of aggression and conquest, enforcing that system of ter:amid expansion which has absorbed Sattaralt, annexed Scinde, tithed Owalior, and now occupies the Panjanb, and insisting on the morality of that policy which has disregarded the rights of Hiodoo succession, and now threatens the extinction of the royal hones ef Delhi ; always, however, in the sweet ness of pietism, and as if it was advocating its old cause of religion and Christianity, instead of its modern clientery of bloodshed and violence. Now, the legitimate oonseqnence of these wars, this expan sion of territory, and this disregard of native right, has been financial embarrassment, additional loans, mid suspension of public works. Hence when the Slitter arid noise of this policy is over, and people at Was begin to count up its cost and to be uneasy at the setameas military expenditure and the yearly deficit of the Indian government, the authorities there are very anxious to persuade the public that their fears are unnecessary, and that things are sot half so bad as, on their own showing to : parliament, they appear to be. This anxiety finds vent in the Friend ef India, in the siticle we commenced by referring to. Let us, then, see what it is they say. In the first place, they inform us " that from the mode in which these accounts are presented to parlia mat, it is difficult to ascertain what is the extol whim of the finances of this empire." Bat for that msdle" the government of India are responsible; ' aid if they do make up accounts that deceive the' legislature, they are not entitled, when the delusion is adverse to the credit of their rule, to deny their aeouracy. Bat these accounts, though in some details very defective, and discreditably distant in the period to which they are annually brought down, are plain, simple, and honest in their general results and sum mary; and it is because they are so, that this attempt is made to suggest that they do not exhibit the actual state ef the Indian finance. Take the accounts of the last four years, and from them it will be ascertained that in 1845.6 there was a deficit of 1,495.3761.; teat in 1846-7 there was a de ficit of 971,2021.; in 1847.8, of 1,911,7911. ; of 1848.9 (" partly estimated"), of 2,324,7291. So that in these four years the expenditure of India, it appears, exceeded its receipts by the enormous gam of 6,703,3981. Now that statement, taken from, the returns laid before parliament, is either correct or incorrect. But fts isensuracy is not to be established by the Friend gfigilia pointing out how the gross revenues of India nearly too th 25,000,0001., whilst its net revenues are rely 20,000,0001.; for it Is in spite of, and notwith standing the frightful per oentage (25 per cent.) for lisramtedeollectioe, indicated by this luaus between trees end set revenue, that this dent has occurred. 711sd if it be correct, it is not a fact to be explained sway, as that journal attempts to do, by future anti =eurplek it is one for the mast serious • n of parliament when the Charter next re selves its attenefou; for sines the last Muter Act the pars of surplus from ordinary revenue have been the afaliitiog, the year of deficit the rale of Indian This deficit is the result of wars; we are now at pease; it will, therefore, argues oar Serampore con temporary, disappear. On this, we first remark, that sines October, 1848, war hoe been the chronic com plaint of India; that within that period we have re ipeatedly iseagratulated ourselves on the restoration of • t peace, and have as repeatedly been disiip poiated ; and that with an ambitions power, having real remeasibility to publio elision and its governing elms pecuniarily interested in hostilities, cm the one aide. and a mug of weak, attractive, and dissederly states on the other. it is the tendency of war to beget war : Isaac* we have smalloonfideacein that prolonga tion of peace in India on which this hope of surplus rests. Bat, in the second place, the present temporary peace of India has produced few of the advantages of pesos. The army is still 300,000 strong ; we hear nothing of its reduction; the Governor-deneral is f'r away from the seat of government, where, of course,' reforms can only be perfected—we beer little of his return to the MOTS useful occupation of his high and onerous duties, and we know that his absence is a very serious addition to the heavy coat of his office, and that his progress through is very apt to disturb the industry of the provinces. And, in the third place, it appear* to be a mistake to suppose that deficit in the Indian finances has been wholly mused by extraordinary war charges. For, while the deficit for 1848-9 is put down at 2,824,711 K, the extraordiaary am charges_ eldi mewls& 1,0011,00111. 8s than eves deducting thaw war charges from the total deficit, there would still be an =MN of expenditure of 1,322,7291. over revenues. Now, this, we say, is unplearant; it may not be partitively ala rming, but it is very disagrees ble. With such a balance against us at home we should be getting uneasy, and make the CnitNcaLLOß of the EXCHEQUEZ very miserable. The lodise authorities, however, treat it as a bagatelle ; and has instructed the Frie nd of India to say, with all gravity that distinguished, that print, that it is deficit at all—not worth thinking about. Nay, b. the aid of a few private fiAurts from the Treasury, that journal has converted a largo deficit into a specu lative surplus. On looking at these accounts, we also found , whilst expenditure had in the last three years creased by nearly half a million, the ordinary recent of India had fallen off by about a million. The dian charges in 1846-7 were 16,557,6871. ; in 184b they had risen to 17,004,4311.; increase of charges 446,7441. In 1846-7, the lonian rerennes were 18,653,0301. ; in 1848-9, 17,692,5631. ; decrease o revenue, 960,4371. From this state cf things tt inference seemed natural that the pressure of taxation was bearing too heavily on the sources of revenue and that inference we drew. It is, however, e the Friend of India, incorrect, became the recent derived from the land and from the suit r opium monopolies have, in the last four years, creased by nearly half a million sterling. But ' Increase (however satisfactory in and by itselt), r. not affect the conclusion we had drawn ; ra her, renders it more serious; for if it is, in spite of increase from three sources of half a million, that total revenues from all sources have declined near one million, the aspect of the revenues is worse ' we had supposed. But mark what two of the sources of increasit revenue are—the salt and the opium monopolies the one depriving the people of India of a sufficiency of the only cheap and healthful condiment they to their simple food; the other demoralising the lation of China, and endangering the stability of; with that empire. Small comfort in revenue creasing from such quarters; for these monopolies must, it is certain, sooner or later disappear before the progress of humanity. 'We also remarked, as another bad feature in accounts lai I before parliament, that whilst expendl. tore was increasing and revenue diminishing, the cost of collection was augmenting; hence we supposed that the latter fact rose from greater pressure having been applied to the collection of the land assessment To this the Itinadaf India implies, that, as it possible to ascertain correctly to what class the crease is to be ascribed, so it is impossible to des , safe conclusion from it. Perhaps so ; but who' did was, not to draw a positive conclusion, b. raise a reasonable supposition; and that supposit remains as reasonable now as it did then, and continue until the actual causes of the increase place it. And lastly, the Friend of Indira denies that finance of that country are, u we said, goin; from bad to worse. To this denial we can c again oppose the progress of the deficit for the 'four years, and it we repeat : 18456 1848-7 1847 8 1818 9 This looks at least like going on from bad to It is quite, however, possible that this year then' bee small surplus. But why? Because opiw ' , hided one million sterling more than it d 1848-9. That, however, is purely accidental; Indian treasury can't depend on the maintenance that increase ; the rains may fall and the winds b' or the Emperor of CHINA may repress the bad in 1831, and the produce from opium in that ye; then be a million leas instead of more than it 1848.9. It is not therefore safe, much less p. to rely greatly on opium for setting right the finaw of ludia. Those finances may not b 3 in a dant state; but they are, it is very apparent, weakly condition. Peace, bringing with it the pun consequences of peace, will, no doubt, by and attention, turn the belittle in favour of tt e It. government. What, in remarking on the last county, we sought was not to attach the chat , insolvency to that government, but to make the of England understand what were the material pecuniary cons' quences of " war, war, and nothing bat war," to their fellow subjects of India. And • we shall endeavour to do until a surplus be the nary characteristic of the treasury of India. Cuounts no Jamaica.— Memorials have drawn up in the City requesting the Colonial Steretery , the Lnyde of Admiralty to take immediate measure, , ending medical men and drugs to Jamaica by the stets leaving on the tad. The mentorieks lie at the Calumet; Rooms, Coin Exchange, Stork Exchange, Hall of meta, North and B.uth American, Jerusalem, Bib Jamaica Coffee boosts. MAILS TO ANISICA.—The post-office authoril have issued a able showing the days on which the Bri sad United States mail packets are appointed to be matched from this country during the months of Jane February, sad March 1851. All information on this will be bead in ear able of seaborne mails. Appended the pat-office table um the following instructions ' letters addressed to the United States, and not directed ' otherwise sent, will be transmitted by the first packet, the Britisher United Stater, which is derpatched after t. an posted; but letters specially directed "by Brigs. peeket." "by United States packet," or by any particular vessel named, will be lorwasded le sometime," with t' she than expensed by the writers. The British mail feb the New York line will proceed (as before announced, Mont Emit Liverpool to New York and from New York to Lilampeol, without calling at Halifax. Letters and sews =however, for Non Sean, New Brunswick, and Edward Island, may still be forwarded in cloud malls by these packets, if special addreesed "via New York," or " via the United States ;" but letters and news pers not so addressed will be sent is the reveler Mails • Halifax by the packets proceedieg from Liverpool vi, Halifax to Boston. The United States mail psekets leaving Liverpool and Southamptea, as well as the British packets, will many elated mails for Canada, New Brunswick, Nova floods, and Prince Edward Island, and letters and news papers will be forwarded In such closed malls, if specially addressed " via New York," et " via the United States." Letters for Canada, however, must is addition bear words "by United States packet." The postage upon Is Mrs and newspapers Is precisely the saw, whether they are oonveyed by British or United States packets. Letters, dko. Ice Bermuda and Newfoundland will be forwarded may by the packets peoneding to Boston; the mails for Bermuda will be &spanked from Halifax lamedistely after tA snivel of the packet at that port, and those for Navies land will be dsspatesherd on the arrival at Halifax of t Itemewerd packet fro. Huston. Postmasters will beer 5... dad that all letters to be transmitted by the pativit Ohl* start frees Boathamptes met be forwarded to L 48698. oat to latoopeet. li .;i . f . ... . . • . .. 1 . . .... . , . r t It ~,, . _ it , - . . [THItEEFENGE. , . , . if • ' •at RAILWAYS.' I . ton- bat CHRISTMAS DAT. ' i 001- No business is _going forward in the share market se - to-day, the Stock Exchange being slimed. D of t tap- MONEY MARKET. l. ring CHRISTMAS DAT. , lin g The Stock Exchange, Bank, Royal Exchange, and one all the public offices, are closed to-day, according to r el Y 'i custom, and no business is going forward in the City. . t get . 1171111 DAT ETRNING. ca r" Notwithstanding the resolutions passed at the I 4 - p ale meeting of bondholders yesterday, Mexican do- • rar7 dined. The report was much canvassed, and se of considerable doubts were raised as to an early hear division and remittance, and several dissatisfactory i ter rumours were afloat. As it suits the purposes 4. 1111. ' of some who wish to buy in to reduce the his and prices, and as many are anxious to realise, it is • • 1 , considered by some that Mexican will still further : RI • decline. Spanish was likewise out of favour, the ffioe,ou rb fi nancial scheme of the minister utterly destroying • ' ;hind any lingering hopes which alter the Queen's speech that might still have been entertained of some immediate I i . & measure being adopted for the payment of the bond- end holders. While the resources of Spain monthly in- 4 • -... . . the crease there is ultimate hope for the creditors, but : - ?"' soles there is greater vigour upon the par of the • i 1 .• `, o lll6.llpanish government, and of the foreign ored..ors, time , L well pass and money be raised without any benefit to 1 mold the latter. The following is the official list of business ' over done :- • ma y Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 591. French k I rsel- Three per Cent. Rentes, 67f. and 58f.; exchange, 1 ewe 251. and 24f. 80c. Mexican Bonds, f o r the 31 s t i ns t., 1 Mi3B 35t, j . Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents., r ssLLOR ''i 981, 98, 1. Spanish Active Five per C e nt s ., 171, 18; l ~h a, ,,v e_ the Passive Bond s , 3 . 4 • the Three per Cents., 401. ' s"' Some surprise has been expressed that the reserve is no price of the French Minister of Finacce should have y• b y been fixed so high as to preclude the sale of the i 1 sury, . 1 Rentes offered yesterday at Paris. The off rof the P e a' Company of the Four lite:leen-General for the I i .1 , Comptoir National, and the parties associo'ed with , . the ' , it, was the only tender, and may be considered as re- P.- la ia • presenting most of the intendin g inve s t or s, very e . snow small sums e• being admitted to the subscription list. This • he In- *'. tender was at a fair market price, bat beicg 10 .• . . 848-9 centimesbelow the minister's reserve, was is fueed.llt i. .:•:‘::::•. l a v r a is rumoured th4' in pique at a more lib era l offer not''',:ti::::., ' e v e , being made, the minis intends to turn the stock ere ,?' over to the Messrs. Rothschild at his reserved price, K et "" e but a transaction so unused would scarcely pus with- i. '.0..:•:.:: • . • .., cation - `,,,!:::. •; . `,, ' out comment in the chambers. The Meese . Roth- , ..,...•:•••• '' enne ; 'child were not among the parties tendering, and Al- - though the minister might offer the Musk at his • •••:••••:•:• s '••• • :• ' • •••• enues ,' • • ~ : • • . • ', and price to those who made a tender, yet he can '.1.: • • :• :. , • scarcely do otherwise at present than upon hie ':r:: ; • rube" le " own announcement and held another adjud.cation. '.....7•7• ; It would certainly have been preferable to t. ffer the ~ 4 es stock to the receivers-general at the 10 centimes ad- ihfe,ielliis it Vance than run the risk of a lower offer at the next . 5.:,•; . • '7:•!: adjudicatioo. at this The East India Company bare this day given , 1 1- '• nearly .; e than notice that the rate of exchange at which they will receive cash for bite on Bengal and Madras will, ~, from the present date and until further notice, be e s easing 2s. Id. per Company's rupee, and for bills on Itombay ' . )(Ake 2s. 14d. k i t ciency , B 7 the recent message of the governor of the state ' have of heath Carolina to the legislature, it appears that ,P e p a- the present debt of the state amounte to 2,061,292 . ,40 . i Pese° dole., or 429,4001., apportioned as follows: I u prr cents. issued for the capitol mof the R. It. dots c. , . ..:' .. k i Dpo e l li% ,5 Bank 46,714 34 sr i before ItoßtlcUltone R andolp h strykl.2.so 00 debt, estimated at in 6 per onto, 1629, due in 1860 3,726 84 6 per cents 1839 due in 1862 176,426 55 1.. ~ 6 per cents. 1839, Fled Lead, benign debt, dlld 1 4 .> : he noos t d h i e ; ce In 1848 471,111 12 ppoeed 6 per cents. 1839, ditto 1868 482,222 21 v..• having 6 per 6 unto. 1839,n:a Lurk, daemonic, due in 48 2,2 n smear. 23 ' 6 per lBo sents. 1839, de.to, due in 1870 326,808 92 is ins- his in- 2,081,292 81 . i' 16 draw a Since the adjournment of the previous legislature , • hat we 173,437 dollars of the domestic, and 23,250 d-Ilars of i but to the foreign debt has been cancelled by the Bank, tontion besides 8,750 dollars of the Randolph stock paid by I . . nd will the Treasury. Thu state income for the year ending • .... i Ise din- Sept. 30, 1850, was 600,292 dole. b7c., of which • . • 313,381 dole. 65c. were from taxes, and 286,911 dohs. ~ ... tat the 220. from all other sources. The balance in the tree- ' .4. Ding on sury was 69,428 dole. 45c. Toe net profits of the n only Bank for the post year, including 95,000 dole., as I' - -• I 1 the last arrears derived from business of former years, was . .. 364,825 dole. 59.:. From this amount there has been transferred to the sirkisg fund 243,158 dole. 91c., • and been paid 73,4 , 53 dole. 11c., for interest on the ' debt in Europe, and the balance that the Bank was in .-s- -advance for interest and expenses-also, the interest ...-4. ) worse, on the Five per Cents. (tire loans), amounting to 1" --- ere may 48,179 dot.. 99c. * em has Tho aggregate funds of the Dank on the let Dols. c. n of October, were r ....z did i- Frime this deduct lima ha- - , ..s al; the bilitiee, vie.: Issues, in- ance of eluding 2.50,000 .1..15. for Doh. e. .' is blow, bills lest id habit 69.428 46 Mr /1 Due Banks 268,691 62 car will Due Treasury was in Dee Depaitore 672,716 79 2,770,934 6 1 . trident, Leaving the sum of ~..! &mem as the surplus of funds in bark. I " The liabilities of the state of North Carolina are , s i .e • represented asunder: - e ~n , g ei r t io us e 500,000 y ol ab bo te. n altr oi th it e al ls e t ig J h an " , 1660 500,000 nil- 11'i'. . , by care rea d, payable by a lu mi ni sing of 30,000. dole. on is Euro- UGuuniier,,ani.d,ttp.y, of bonds of Raleigh and Gaston rail. 1! -. , an. J 1864 e Indian lit Jan , 1851 , 1852, 1863, and.the.residue Ist last so- 106,500 haige of Eri b to . r ds isme ps n y l b ot . W in i ttin t a i t . o: . :l o l, se lt , t oo eie d b ok lt. , t I II a PaaP'a Ist Jan., 1859, 1860, 1661. 1862, and 1863 Tied and Fur stock in the North Carolina railroad, ono nothing fourth of which is to be issued when the work i r shall be Commenced, and the remaining three I l h t l e d ordi . fourths at interval, of sin months thereafter, that princ,pal redeemable after thirty years 11. Other indebtedness Total amount existing and authorised „ v t,. bee „l The receipts under the amended revenue laws for 4 . ,74, - 1,, - ,. the fiscal year just closed were 135,000 dole., and I steamer the expenditure amounted to 75,000 do r., leaving .. , rissuretal 60,000 dole. as the estimated annual excess of re- nt Com- oeipts over the ordinary necessary disbursements to ii e 'We' and be applied annually to the extinguishing of the • „, states' debts and liabilities. We have seen that the l Iheri"ell nit British surplus in the treasury, after th e payment of the re. , t° fi b.d. uise , - g --"----e -- demands, will be 80,000 dohs. ; but the in- 'January, creased demand upon it for the year 1851 will be 1 this head 149,000 dots., and for the year 1852, 207,000 dole., 'ended to so that the state will require for the year 1851, over eas '7„ All ,„_, and above the whole amount that may be raised by c k - nt , „, w h - , the present revenue basis, the sum of 89,000 dot., ,and soofmlo4B,eriendzlein favourThese results e ylfteArtithisehy and for t* I ctn 2 g th ed, e " to m Puniuu,lu treasury balances by the coming in of the deterred *„ the i „ 4 .,,, taxes imposed on sundry articles. The governor re- I po de s u iti p ozo th f e a u ta us x a s r u y ffi . sufficient to meet • , . .• wick, and r: "° . .T o d Pe o ' s u r e k e tlO ) co the w in annual en i c t e It e m s i ni n in closed PUBLIC BALES. iii 'via New and news ~. By Hews. Fewassorsma sad Co.. at Ouraway's.-A IP i .. 4 „,, A ptaili „l: freehold sad tithe Iris estate in Lane Preston and Kirkby , , - ,,r -- ,.,.., - ; 'ldalhamdale, Yorkshire, consisting of two cottages and farm i r„".„,,,,,,,,,'"• - • buildings, and 873 acres of lend, and 87 " beast gait.," let Ta"'" -- orn .' fur 4661. manuit-B.ld for 11.000/. '..,* d ' i i - ew - : he ir , : . of y th ean o N: at lso; (4 7 -I,4ol retoris-road, Kentish-town, fa specially An improved rest of 601. 11 .., weered for 26 years upon t " b . ar '" -- the '' Cluendoe House . Kensington road-6701. I won let- - ------ r they An a " [Advertiament.]-This rigniuNo Sumas OF siren. --"' TIOLUMAeII Pala AND Ourrxere is um Coss or Bamewoam use 1 : ~..... 0 17 . pommel! en ems. -A asediesi isslieena welds' at Lista, u • whew S bad less ewer* Meld with rimpromm e r ig rarde of der the as sere WWII every mews mu* to son this /..found. ing . o.4ll.zit west se instants e eheresier that tt YAW= the 0111•1111 cater 'outdone's. As a leg remmtros, he was tw- ,.. 11 ",,.. " . - ;. - seedM le we lielletrafs obumit Sol An *OM medistass baster --..': eltsbet sal elleisits *lse el Ile& Aiessis4 ime ~ Ind • • "? which . *I 'MI eel( 0160=6 cutout. gut werLeities aces, sew dean from till diltad• - I. OX le gg lse S ss at Mereor ..,, ' sserenseseent, tin rustle, Leaks . gie 0 • t V li r. I I • •