The Express. — London, England, 1861-06-06 00:00:00

IP 2 HARMONII73IB-NEW MODEL.- =MULL LULL NA C. fn. lieVat•trigt. I _OVUM'S HYDROSTATIC TEA and COFFEE AA PUCDLAToh.—I to IM MO riigh strong sad bright, is • wassrst. Great saving. WIN lioa Mai Errtrybrch Prorp<,tu• nt frev.—J. wok it camas -stmt. Le. zits eritreoo. TO C9rJLERPONDENTS. 11111fteswli blended for "Ths Upon" London Emili' Pupa. met be oi the aloe, 11r loaverlo-street, by Two tom! di day of pubbollioa. SAI ILIAC RT. Tins ETfosS. TRI SfERLANiI,OI.7IL Mr. sad MeaC. Matbeers.—THß ADVENTURED Or A WYE LE TILL Mr. and Mrs. C. Matbews.—Aad THE MIN AND THE WIND. The Levletegn—Commemne nil. raixpoorit _ - This Iv mom. TIITTIIAND FICTION. Mr. F. Matthewe and Mi c. Levine:es—had TIM IItILAY WIVE 4 Pr V. I]lr•tlK. N.lllllll. Phelps. Sham Meadows. Veils. sad Iddsewsbs ; Miss AlklossaarlC. Lowey, 11". Weston. 111111'11‘.41A. Tins Ivinetiol. MNOLAND, TUE 110111 OF VIZ FR FE. sinew.: toy Mr W. M. Parkhnota and Mr. M. Syolney.—LlLY to MN NOR Memothare W. Crud...vide. Varrooll, and S. Laae.— And YM MYSSILLTUM MUVOIMI The Littls Wonder. MGR WATIZ AT_ LOYIDCq =IDOL TEIII DAT —%l"rei es, Mt Nam . Allimesea. O. 481 s. TO-lioalOW —Morning. In. :m Allusook lb. Yea. LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE G. DEATH Las fallen suddenly upon the most sue wain' statesman of our time. Count CAVOUR Las ceased to be. After a brief illnesn, brought on, as is supposed, by uninterrnitted devotion to public business, and the want of that relaxation and repose which the wont energetic and self-reliant natures most require, the man who has guided the councils of Vieroa EMMANUEL for the last seven years, and who in that interval has contributed pre-eminently to the wondrous change that has taken place in the fortunes of his master and of his country, has passed for ever from Lis dreams ..f fame and freedom. Throughout all Europe the tidings that we grieve thin day to publish will startle men amid their everyday occupations ; and each will ask his neigh bour with an incredulity that is born of instinctive faith in the immortality of conspicuous worth —can it he true 1 Humanity is not willing to realise a great and unexpected loss; for it is conscious bow limited at beat is its stock of the masterly foresight and self-helping ability whereunto it turns in the frequent Lours of emergency and peril; and when the life of one of the few men of genius and practical wisdom that we Lave had amongst us is threatened by the inscrutable hand of disease, we but obey the law of natural loyalty which is in our nature, when we hope against hope, and refuse to believe in the calamity said to be impending. Yesterday the public mind would not accept the notion that the vital spark was dickering in the fevered breast of the great Minister ; and to-day it but imperfectly realises the fact of his loss. Stilled murmurs of rejoicing there will be in •very ante-chamber of despotism, for a great hindrance in the way of reaction is removed. Audible expressions of deep concern and heartfelt sympathy will break forth from every cabinet and chamber where the cause of constitutionalism is faithfully served ; for a truly great auxiliary is lost to that cause for ever. But who shall an. ticipate the mingled sentiments of grief and anxiety and pain which will pervade the communities which CAVOUD has contributed so much to make into a nation ? The account we pub lish elsewhere of the spontaneous proofs of feeling manifested by the people of Turin dur ing the latter hours of his illness, reminds to of what occurred upon the memorable day when Mr. CANNING, in somewhat similar circum stance., was believed to be dying, but still more of what took place in Paris before the death of MID.ADCAr. The silent multitude, agi tated by contending emotions, thronged the approaches to the mansion where the faint ing statesman lay in his last agony ; not a sound being suffered to disturb the sultry air that could by possibility disturb Lis brief and troubled sleep. The sight of the emblems of the last rites ordained by the Catholic Church as they were borne through the crowd, seems to have wrought up their feeling' to a paroxysm of distress, of which we can form perhaps but little idea. The Italian' heart is warm as ia its clime ; and just now it is full to running over with noble and generous thoughts towards the men who have wrought out national deliverance. Dif ferences of opinion, sharp and earnest, there have been, indeed, as to the degree of merit possessed by the departed Minister, and the comparative debt of gratitude due to him, but all differences are gone and forgotten now. The inexorable peace maker has laid his weighty wand upon the lips of civil controversy, and all Italy as ono man sits by the un closed grave of the gifted, generous, and energetic patriot whose sun Las gone down while it was yet day. Tea Financial Statement made in the Legis lative Council at Calcutta on the 27th of April, by Mr. Lsix“, in one respect supports the esta blished character of an India' Budget. It over throws and confounds the pleasant anticipations expressed in the House of Commons by the Sums ?MlT of STATE for INDIA. The fact iii.too impor tant, as showing how speculative is the field we enter when wo discuss Indian finance, not to be taken as a preliminary caution. The deficit on the Budget of 1860-61 is now found to amount to 5,500,0001. The gran de ficit is 6,678,0001. ; but as of this 700,000 f. arise from payments of an exceptional nature, and 500,000/. have been derived from improved revenue, the deficit needing to be considered and dealt with is the smaller amount first mentioned. Mr. LAISO, observing that Sir CHARLES Wool. hail made a much more favourable state ment in the House of Commons, said that that statement was made in perfect good faith by the Steamier of STATE. for INDIA, on information which be had a perfect right to rely on, but " tin " fortunately that information mistook wishes .4 f or facts, and anticipations for realities"—a most extraordinary admission for the Indian CBJUWELL ws us Fiscitsovin to make at Calcutta, but too well justified. As late as February last we find Sir CHARM Wu,, stating in Parliament that the reductions in the expenditure of the year had been 3,300,0001. He was so far misled that, as Mr. LAnce now informs us, not only was there no reduction at all, but a positive increase of 213,0001. in the total expenditure of the year. Various sums of account, says Mr. LAING, by which Sir CHARLES WOOD was misled, amount to upwards of 5,000,0001., and just make up the difference between the equilibrium announced in England and the deficit of 5,500,000/., which is the real result of last year's Budget, after credit ing it with a full year's proceeds of all the new taxes. Of course this is a most unsatisfactory result, not only for its owu sake, but for the un certainty into which it casts all the calculations of the future. Let us look a little more in detail at the causes of this financial miscarriage. Mr. WU.silN, in framing the Budget of 1860-61, fore saw a deficit of 6,500,0001., which he endeavoured to meet partly by the new taxes—the income tax, and the augmented duties on imports, salt, and stamps--partly by reductions of expenditure, and, lastly, by drawing on the cash balances, which, owing to the success of recent loans, were unusually large. The new taxes have not as yet answered tho expectations formed of them, the reductions were not made, and the cash balances have had to bear the stress of the year ; in fact, the cash balances in India and England stand at the end of the year lower than at the beginning by an amount identical with that of the deficit. Now, let us see what Mr. LAING has to say to the coming year. The Calcutta and Bombay papers are full of his praises. They maintain that at length a turning point has been reached in Indian finance—that the perennial malady of the state has been decisively met ; in short, they adopt Mr. LAING'S representation of his own ex ploit, and believe that their Chancellor, disdain ing to let "this huge bully, Deficit, claim • cross " or a drawn battle," has "gone in and finished " him." If any such battle hes been won, we shall be quite willing to see Mr. LAIN° parade himself as the Tom 5AY11344 of his field. Brefly, Mr. Luxe thus deals with the deficit. He meets 3,599,7501. of it by reductions ; 2,008,8541. by improved revenue ; and 500,0001. he transfers to local budgets. Up to this point we have been looking at history, the facts of the last year. Now we come to what is more like poetry. Mr. Lsmo relies on military reforms for the promised reduction of expenditure. We are happy to note the fact that a real reduction of expenditure of this sort, con sistent with the safety of the Government, is going on, and has been for the last two years. By dis banding some regiments, by reducing the numbers of others, the native army has been reduced by nearly 200,000 men since 1859, including the military police. In the European army no such reductions, it is supposed, can be prudently made, but • saving is to be effected in tho Commissariat, Ordnance, and some other military departments. The sum thus to be won to economy and peace Mr. Luna puts down at 3,220,0001. If the Indian Military Finance Commission can bring about this result it will deserve great credit ; but looking at the matter with an eye to financial pro babilities, we are compelled to remember that last year, with every motive to economy, only a reduo tion of 500,0001. war effected. 11.4 i naval and marine charges of the year are lower than those of last year by nearly 500,0001. Anothe- half million is to be saved in civil administration. An increase of expenditure for civil public works holds the net reduction of expenditure in check ; but on the whole, and avoiding details in this rapid survey, we are shown as a general result • total expenditure for the year 1861-62 of 41,554,6991., as compared with 45,154,4491. in 18430-81, being a reduction of 3,599,7501. Mr. Luxe's second resource for meeting the deficit has been stated to be increase of revenue. In some of the telegraph;c anticipations of the Bombay mail, it was announced that Mr. Luxe had abandoned the Income Tax as a failure. This is so far from being correct, that the Income Tax figures among the estimates of the coming year for 1,948,0001. These figures, however, do not represent the annual productiveness of the tax, which Mr. LAING sets down at 1,750,0001. from which 10 per cent. has to be deducted for oust of collection. The Land Revenue is set down at 18,951,1581., being an increase of 188,7091. Salt is estimated to yield nearly half a million more than last year. Opium is taken at the same figure as before. Stamps it is expected will yield 383,3701. more, and Miscellaneous Receipts 750,000!. less than last year. The general result is that the revenue of India in 1861.62 will exceed by 2,008,8841. that of 1860.81, if no accidents happen, and Mr. Luxo's favourable anticipations are fulfilled. An odd half million, however, still remains to be provided to supply the remainder of the deficit and give the Indian Chancellor a small surplus. It is by half a million that the charges for civil public works for this year exceed those of the last, and Mr. LAING proposes to provide it by an expedient which in a far-seeing and constitu tional point of view is excellent, although, consi dered as a financial measure of the year, it will probably remain in fruitless suspense. It consists in giving up to local purposes certain sources of revenue which can be better dealt with by local than by general taxation. The Supreme Govern. ment has not the money wherewith to make many desirable canals and roads, but it is willing to say, " Take what we are able to give you, and for the " residue take certain powers of taxation—to " bacco, licenses, or octroi, for instance—and raise " the money yourselves." Such are the main features of the Indian Budget. It is remarkable that for all that it has of a hopeful character, for all its life and motion, it depends on the old system of taxation, together with those innovations which Mr. WILSON, in a spirit of ori ginality and courage, introduced under circum• stances of great disadvantage. If reductions are really effected they will be the work of the Mili tary Finance Committee ; if the revenue increases, it will be by the tries which Mr. L./axe's prede cessor established. There are features of importance in the financial statement for which Mr. LAIN" should have all due credit, although, so far as they differ from those of former budgets, they effect no considerable organic change. The reduc tion of the duty on imported twist and yarn is even more an act of justice to the capitalists of India, who have been misled into importing machinery and building mills by a duty so high as to be practically protective, than to our own manufac turers. Equally satisfactory is Mr. LAING'S assur ance that the Government, in administering the three millions sterling appropriated to civil public works, will urge on the construction of good roads in the cotton districts. These two reforms are obvious enough, but a minister who should repair on l y palpable errors and omissions would make himself a distinguished name. MAMIE ai RAILW AY COMMIS stow —The essemisissers real 7 . .. ender, but the parties net bells est' Moods, wit journe prepared to pressed with their respective aim, add THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 6, 1861. COUNT CAVOUR. Count Camillo Benno di Cavour was born at Turin on the 10th August, 1810. A sister of the Emperor Napoleon, the Princess Maria Pauline Borghese, stood sponsor for him at his baptism. As the se cond son of an ancient aristocratic family, his father destined him, according to Italian usage, to the mili tary career ; for which the boy was trained, although against his own inclination, in the Royal Military Academy at Turin. By his diligence, his quick intellect, and his fine aristocratic, uuconstrained bearing, he at once attracted the attention of the superiors of this institution, who recommended him to the court of Charles Felix as a page. But even in these early days Count Camillo manifested such independence of character and such freedom of speech, that, after a short period of probation, he was pronounced at court unfit for the post, and, to his great satis faction, received his dismissal from the office. The anger of his family the young cadet strove to forget amidst his diligent studies, which were especially devoted to history, ethnography, litera ture, and mathematics. When not yet twenty, Count Camillo quitted the Military Academy with the rank of a lieutenant of engineers, without, however, allowing himself to be diverted from his favourite studies by the greater liberty which he now enjoyed. The young count then resolved on a voyage to London, although in opposition to the predominant wishes and views of his father and his family. This visit to the metropolis of the world was pro longed to a stay of many years. Everything here contributed to his becoming captivated with English manners and English political life. By the states men and parliamentary notabilities of this country, Count Cavour was greatly respected, on account of his extensive information, and many of these men honoured him with their more intimate friendship. Enriched with knowledge and experience, and matured in his political views, Count Cavour returned to Turin in 1842 from his voluntary exile. In conjunction with his friend, the well-known Count Cesare Balbo, Count Cavour established a fi rst-class political daily newspaper, IL Bisorgimento. Count Santa Rosa also, and the Chevalier Carlo Buoncompagni, joined it as cella borakurs. In spite of the aristocratic names of its founders, this journal became, under Cavour's guidance and diligent co-operation, one of the most influential organs of the middle classes. During the stormy period which followed the cession of the constitution by the King, Count Cavour redoubled his exertions. Both as a jour nalist and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies —for the first electoral college of Turin chose him as their representative in the popular assembly, the electoral law of which he had s k e t c h e d out at the request of the new government— he resisted the ultra-democratic party. It was mainly owing to his endeavours that the chamber voted the Treaty of Novara without en tering into any painful and exciting debates. From this time forward no important question was dis cussed in which the influence of Count Cavour did not turn the scale. He laid the foundation of his subsequent popularity principally by his speech of the 7tia of March, in favour of the Siocardi Bill for the abolition of clerical jurisdiction. On the 2nd of July, 1860. Count Cavour deli , vered the speech which led to his joining the ministry. The occasion was afforded him by the loan bill of the Finance Minister Nigra, con cerning the issue of state securities for 240,0001. Count Cavour bad hardly become firmly estab lished in the cabinet, when the activity of the government received a fresh impulse in every department. Although the branches of admi nistration which fell to his share at the outset exerted, strictly speaking, but a limited influence, he, nevertheless, at once turned his attention to the most important home and foreign concerns, and stirred up his colleagues to set on foot a series of reforms, which required carrying out forthwith, if it were wished to remove the glaring contradictions which existed between the ad ministrative and legislative systems, and the spirit and even the letter of the constitution. During the prorogation of the parliament, from July to November, 1862, Count Cavour travelled to France and England, in both which countries the Piedmontese statesman was honoured with important tributes of respect. At Paris, as well as at London, the ex-minister, for he had ceased to hold office, met with such a distinguished recep tion, as proved that he was recognised as Sardinia's " coming man." In 1862, the King resolved to summon Count Cavour a second time to his aid, and commissioned him (this time without imposing conditions on him) to form a cabinet. In the course of a few days, on the 4th of November, 1862, the new administration wan constituted. Soon after the beginning of the Oriental war, Lord Clarendon addressed himself to Count Cavour, at first in confidence, and then officially, to in duce him to consent to Sardinia's adhesion to the treaty of the 10th of April, 1854. In December, 1854, Count Cavour entered into official negotia tions with the cabinets of Loudon and Paris, but not until ho had previously ascertained the sen timents of the Sardinian army. AU the superior Alma assured the Premier that the army was eager to take its place by the aide of the veterans of England and France ? but upon this condition, that the Sardinian Auxiliary Corps should b e l e d by a commander belonging to their own nation, and should take part in the conflict as the allies, and not as the mercenaries, of the Western Powers. With this understanding the treaty of alliance between Piedmont on the one part, and France and England on the other, was concluded on the 26th of January, 1855. In April, 1855, in consequence of the opposition offered by the bishops to the law for the dissolution of convents, the entire ministry tendered its resignation, since it was resolved not to enter into fresh negotiations with the Papal See. This occurred at the very time when the Sardinian Expedition Corps was Pre to set sail for the Crimea. Placed thus iu ifficulty, the king charged General Durando with the formation of a new cabinet ; but the steps which he took led to nothing, so that on the 31st of May, 1866, Count Cavour was again definitively entrusted with the helm of the state. The star of Count Cavour now began to culminate in all its glory. In all parts of Italy the patriots and friends of constitutionalism inscribed his name ou their standards, and turned towards him and Piedmont looks full of hope. With not less liberal ho nours and demonstrations of respect was he received abroad, when in November,lB6s, he accompanied the king on his visit to the courts of Paris and London. It was on this occasion that the Sardinian premier discussed preliminarily, with the ministers of Eng • land and France, the questions which occupied the memorable session of the Paris Congress on the Bth of April, 1866. Of the transactions in cougreason the Bth of April, and his own share in them, Count Cavour gave a report in the excited sittings of the Pied mutes. Chamber of the Bth and 7th of May, 1888, which was listened to with a de gree of breathless attention never exceeded in a popular representative assembly. Almost a year bad passed since the Paris Con gress, and the government of King Victor Em manuel was zealously occupied with the internal affairs of the country, when unexpected occurrences impaired anew its relations with Austria, and in the end brought about a complete diplomatic breach between Turin and Vienna. Whilst the Montene gro affair, the question of the navigation of the Danube, and afterwards that of the constitution of the Danubian Principalities, and the Serviatt move ments, tended continually to widen the separation and the chasm between Austria and France; all these controversies, in which Sardinia as a partici pator in the Paris Peace Congress had a voice, proved so many means of allying the policy of Napoleon 111. with the interests of the Turin cabinet. It is probable, that as early as about the middle of the year 1868, on occasion of a meet ing at the baths of Plombibres, binding engage ments were entered into between the Emperor Napoleon and Count Cavour, having reference to a common policy and course of proceeding towards Austria. But Russia also, which could not forgive Austria her hostile attitude, which had proved so effective iu the Oriental war a ff orded Count Cr your, by her intimacy with Napoleon 111., the op portunity of gauung at least a moral support. On the th of January, 1859, the Moniteur came out with the official announcement, that intimate relations had for some time subsisted between the Emperor Napoleon and the King of Sardinia. "The mutual interests of France and Sardinia," it went on to say, " have in fluenced the two sovereigns to draw more closely the bonds between them by means of a family alliance. For a year peat negotiations have been going on with a view to this, but on account of the princess's age, it was necessary to defer till now the moment of the nuptials." On the 23rd of January, General Niel, as Prince Napoleon's proxy, went through the ceremony of betrothal, and, as early as the 30th, the marriage was solemnised with great pomp at Turin. On the 25th of March the Sard in ian premier arrived in Paris, at the invitation of the French Emperor, where he did not omit any precaution which might be necessary to secure the interests of his country, whether the ultimate decision in that in fl uen ti a l quarter should be for peace or war. On the 12th of April the chamber voted a credit of 803,115 francs for the fortifications of Ales saudria. Eleven days afterwards, Count Buol'a insulting ultimatum was presented at Turin. On the 26th, the three days grace allowed Sar dinia by Austria having expired, Count Cavour unhesitatingly, though in courtly terms, rejected the imperious ultimatum, throwing upon Austria the whole responsibility of the war, and reminding her of the universal condemnation of her con duct already pronounced by European public opinion. It was not, however, until the 29th that the Austrians actually crossed the Ticino, their movement having been arrested at the eleventh hour by a last unsuccessful attempt at negotiation on the part of Lord Malmeebury. General Guylai's subsequent dilatoriness proves that delay was not of so much importance as was at first imagined. The campaign was disastrous through out to the invading army, and would not have been less so had they advanced seventy-two hours earlier. After the battle of Magenta, and the evacuation of Milan, Count Cavour openly avowed that the object of the war was the independence of the entire peninsula. Having vainly endeavoured to 'prevent the conclusion of the peace of Villafranca, Count Cavour resigned of immediately upon the signature of that singular convention, which so abruptly closed the seventy days' war. An un successful attempt was then made by Count Arose, a personal friend of the Emperor Na poleon, to form a government, and • Ratiari- Larnarmora ministry was ultimately formed. The nation, however, now enlarged by the formal incor poration of Lombardy, and the informal adhesion of the Central Italian provinces, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, and the Legations, had long been cla morous for the return of its favourite, Cavour, and on the 17th January last year Count Cavour was charged by the King with the formation of a new cabinet. Another critical time for Italy was approaching. The desire for union had become a passion in Italy, and there was one mau who was bracing all his energies to secure it. The part which Count Cavour had to play in the great drama of the year was a most important one. The world now knows whether or not it was successful. The diplomatic attitude of Sardinia in view of the extraor dinary revolutions in Naples and Sicily, was only second in importance to the cond uct of the Marsala expedition itself. General Gari baldi has since admitted that the statesman at home, was equally the friend of Italian unity with the soldier whose ardour would have led him on without a pause to Rome and to Venice. The events of the peat twelvemonth are too familiar to need recapitulation. How Naples and Sicily have become inoorporated with the free power of the north ; how liberal institutions have been substituted for a despotism almost unpa ralleled in history ; how the Papal States, up to the very gates of Rome, have in their turn been emancipated form priestly dominion and joined to the great confederacy of Italian free dom ; how even the cession of Nice and Savoy have been at length acknowledged an unavoidable neces sity, and compensated for by the enormous benefits which have been extended to nearly the whole Peninsula; how an impatient warlike party has been moderated and restrained • all thisis familiar to the reader, and must be ins eparably associated in his mind with the career of the great statesman, whose loos will now excite the most painful emotions of regret wherever constitutional liberty is loved and appreciated. The late count was unmarried, and his great wealth, we believe, descends to his nephew. Noes.—For most of the partimMws in the above notice we are indebted to an intereatint little book, entitled "Count favour, Lis Life and Career, from t h e pen of Bead H. Cover. cot Court. The Queen and the Prince Consort, accompanied by the King of the Belgians, and attended by the Hon. Horatio Stopford and Colonel the Hon. A. N. Hood, visited the new Horticultural Gardens at South Kensington yester day morning. The Prince of Wales, attended by Major-General the Hon. R. Bruce and Captain Grey. strived at Buckingham Palace yesterday afternoon, from Madingley Hall, Cam bridge. The Prince Consort left Buckingham Palace at a quarter past four o'clock to open the New Horticultural Gardens at South Kensington. The royal precession left the Palace in the following order : A carriage conveying the Dean of Windsor, M. Doran:, Major Elphinstone, sad the Hes. Mortimer Suckville West. A carriage conveying Captain Grey, Major• General Wyllie, Major Burnell, sad Dr. Hoepl. A carriage conveying Lieutenant• General the Hon. C. Grey, Major•Oeneral the Hoe. It. Bruce, Lieutenant. Galena the Hun. D. de. Roe, sod Baron Weaterweller. A earring* *purveying Lord employs, Lord George Lennox, Count de Iteerkerke, and FAA Spencer. A =Hoge conveying the Duchess of Atbole, the Hon. Caroline Cavendish, and the Hon. Horatda Stopford. A carriage conveying the Princess Helena, the Prin cess Louise, the Prince of Wales, and the Count of Flanders. A carriage convoying the Prinoe Consort, the Princess Alice, Prince Arthur, and Prince Louis of Hesse. The royal party returned to Buckingham Palace at about half•paat ail o'clock. The Priam. Alice rode on horseback in the forenoon in the riding action! of Buckingham Palace. The Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary visited the King of the Belgians on Tuesday afternoon at Bucking bun Palace. The Prince Contort, attended by Earl firmer, Lord George Lennox, Major-Gonerid Wylde, and Lieutenant- Colonel the Hoe. D. de Roe, went bust evening to the Society of Arta, in the Adelplii, and presided at • meeting of the society. A deputation from the Corporation of Dublin, relative to the restoration of the subsidy to the Royal Atlantic Mail Company, Galway, bad an interview with Viscount Palmer atm yesterday. A deputation, emieisting of Mr. John Clarke, Chairman of the Hoard of Harbour Commissioners, Belfast ; Mr. Ed- ward Cray, Mayor of Belfast and Harbour Comusiadoner ; Mr. Robert Henderson, Mr. Charles Baffin, and Mr. James Hamilton, Harbour Commie/Moen, introduced by Mr. S. G. Getty, M.P., had an interview with the Right Host. T. Muer Canoe. at the Aloe of the Board of Trade, yester day, for the purpose of urging ou the Board of Trade the advantage which would result to the navigation of the Channel by the removal of the light-house and fog•bell from the Copeland lidand to the New bland. A deputation bad an interview with the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers yesterday at the race of the Poor-law Board, WhitehalL Nspst:Ches were received yesterday at the Coloaial•ofcs from the Governor of Yalta. Dispatches were sent to the Governors of the Caps of Good Hope, Natal, St. Helena, and Canada. THZ Pinwc OF WALSH AND TEI UNIVERSITY Or CANISIUDOZ VOLUNTEWL—His Royal Rieman has graciously offered a silver chancey cup to be shot for by the effective members of the amps at the sad of the October term. The arrangements under which it is to be held are not yet made. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. DEATH OF COUNT CAVOUR. TURIN, JUNE 6. Count Cavour died this morning at 7 o'clock. (REUTER'S rimsoasm.) TURIN, VaDERSDAT NIGHT. The following bulletin respecting the state of Count Cavour was published at 6 o'clock this evening : "The fever continues, but no noticeable change has taken place." At 7 p.m. a great crowd blocked up the avenues leading to Count Cavour's hotel. Great emotion was manifested by the people when the procession bearing the sacraments of the church went into the hotel. At 8.30 p.m. the physicians declared that they entertained hopes that their patient would pass a more quiet night. An immense crowd surrounds the hotel. Signor Mioghetti has been intrusted ad interim► with the portfolio for Foreign Affairs ; and General Fanti with the provisional administration of the Marine. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Julys 5. • The Prussian Chambers were closed to-day. The King in his speech said :—" The session now ter minating has had important results which tend to confirm the government in the line of policy which it has hitherto followed. These results will also augment the influence of Prussia in Germany any Europe." The King then enumerated the treaties with foreign governments which had been sanctioned and the laws voted by the Chambers, and pointA out the advantages which were to be expected therefrom. His Majesty thanked the Chambers for having granted the means for the organisation of the army, and said :—" As regards the form in which those means have been voted, it may be passed over with out remarks, as not affecting any vital principle." The King continued as follows :—" The military organisation affords Prussia strength to stand armed for her own protection, as well as for that of the whole German fatherland. The military organisa tion of Prussia is also the more necessary for the security of the German frontiers as the attempt to revise the military organisation of the German Confederation has not succeeded. The Danish government has not entirely yielded to the demands of the German Federal Diet. The proposals which have been made by Denmark do not afford a certain prospect of • solution of the pending questions. But the nature of the relations between Prussia and the Great Powers offers guarantees that they will not be affected by the energetic measures which may be come necessary within the frontiers of the German Federal territory. If the representatives of the country respect limits which to overstep would only serve the interests of the revolutionary party, then do I con fidently expect a blessed continuation of my reign. My motto for Prussia is, ' Kingdom by the grace of God, maintenance of the laws and the constitu tion, the fidelity of her people and of her victorious army ; justice, truth, confidence, and fear of God.' If you adopt this motto, then I expect a future rich hoPe." HUNGARY. PEST% Jugs 5. The address to the Emperor proposed by M. Desk was to-day adopted in the Lower House by a majority of three ; the voting being 156 for, and 152 against, the address. AMERICA. 6 LIVERPOOL, Jowl 5. The Liverpool, New York, sad Philadelphia Company's steamer City of Baltimore, which sailed this afternoon for New York, took 161,4381. in specie. THE BRAZIL MAIL 110IITHAMPTON, Jove G. The Royal Mail steam-ship Magdalena, with the Brazil and River Plate mails, arrived off the Needier at 11 a.m. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (NEON OUR OWN PARIS, W■DNPiDAY Evnisc. The Moonset- contains--in the form of a letter, assumed to be written in London—the following answer to Sir John Pakington's speech on the French navy : London, June 1. sir John Pakington has again attempted to alarm the I House of Commons about the maritime preparations of France. There can be no doubt that he produced but little impression ; but among the many statemeata he made, on the authority of Admiral Elliot, there are three or four priocipal points to be selected, which are in themselves suf ficient to allay the apprehension which Sir John took so much trouble to excite. In the first place, if it be true that France spends this year five millions sterling on her navy, England will spend twelve. And, secondly, iron-eased vessels of enormous dimensions do not "shoot up like mushrooms in a spring morning "—to repeat the very phrase which has been used. In the third place, the British Admiralty has just decided that five ships of the line, now on the stocks and in an advanced state, shall be covered with iron plates. It must not be forgotten, moreover, that the number of English ships of the line ready to put to sea is greater by seventeen than that of all the ships of the same class in all the Davies of the world put together. In every point of view the state of the English fleet is far from being so insignificant as Sir John Pakington is pleased to aver. Although the speaker protested that his strictures were prompted exclusively by feelings of patriotism, and not by party spirit, one may be permitted to doubt whe. ther the honourable member doe' not deceive himself. There is no one in the whole tory party who delights more than he does to resort to every description of perlianrentory fantasia He never misses an opportunity of doing a service to his party or of damaging his political adversaries. He showed the same disposition when he was in office. Tho eagerness with which he recounted everything that Admiral Elliot told him coincides in a most remarkable manner with the Oiliest! exigencies of the moment at which he spoke. It was only on Tuesday morning that the admiral returned to London from the mission which he had fulfilled in the military ports of France, with the pemri■sion of the French Minister of Marine ; and so early as Friday, Sir John was prepared to lay before the house the result of his inqui ries. Now, the bill on the budget has not yet passed the third reading, and the practical effect of the measures which Sir John Pakington called for as a conse quence of his revelations would be to compel the govern ment to appropriate a considerable portion of the revenue for additional expenses. It is, however, permissible to suppose that Sir John Pakingtoo and his friends are no less anxious to inspire the English public with a permanent fear of the intentions of France, than to force the cabinet to spend more than twelve millions for the navy in 1861-62. Admiral Elliot is much blamed for having authorised Sir John Pakington to make public use—if not for a political purpose, at least in • way hostile to a good international _ _ . . . understanding—of information which he owes to the con fiding courtesy of the Emperor's Minister of Marine. It is observed that if an English admiral, after having visited the military ports of France, felt it a duty to his country to make certain statements, he should have gone to the Queen's ministers, and not have sent his communi. cation direct to parliament. No doubt circumstances are conceivable in which a British naval officer, think ing his country in danger, might be eacusable for ap pealing to parliament from the apathy of an Admiralty neg lectful of its duties, and with that view for availing himself of the voice of a leader of the opposition. But in the present case Admiral Elliot did not in the first instance try the effect of his observations on the Admiralty, which, by the way, has just ordered five new iron-cased vessels to be built. We must not therefore read Sir John Pakington's alarmist speech in a literal moue, but mast underatand It as • political manoeuvre, in reality quite foreign to any French question, and meant to obtain a parliamentary re. stilt. One fact which greatly strikes the reasoning part at the public in England is, that France has so rapidly created a great naval force with a budget seven millions sterling less than that of England. It is asked where this mule. tion in expense is to stop if we are to give way to par. liamentary orators and suspicious admirals? Such are the reflections made on Sir John Pakington's speech. It has produced no direct effect, but the result of it may possibly be to encourage the tot*" to make a new attack upon the budget. The Bourse was somewhat affected by the influ ence of the exchanges on New York on the London market. The Rente fell 6c. for cash and Mc, for account, closing at 69fr. 10e. and 69fr. 20c. Mobilier fell 6fr. 25c. The Orleans Railway fell 7fr. 50c., and the other lines were from lfr. 25c. to 2fr. 50c. lower. The market was inactive all day. General Dufour, the Swiss general, whose old private friendship for the Emperor, although it has sometimes had occasion to cool, still continues, has just arrived as a guest at Fontainebleau. Vely Pacha has returned to Paris from Berlin. The Gazette de France reports that the Emperor has sent Madame George Saud a present of 20,000 fr., as a consolation for her defeat by M. Thiers. NAVAL AND MILITARY. Azniram.ry JUNK 5. —APPOINTIELNTS. —Com. menders E. Harding., to the Dragon, eammissiocied ; W. H. Feursick, to the Decking, commissioned ; and 0. . V. Dal yell, mh to be commander of the Coast Guard, vice Commander R. Acting Second Clime Assistant-Engineers F. Hallett, to the Fisgard, as anparnamerary ; R. Dobson, to the Asia, 111 supernumerary ; H. Luschseter and J. Etheringtoo, to tho Renown. MALTA, MAY 31. On the 23th the Malacca, accompanied by the Medina and Scourge, commenced laying the electric cable from Malta to Tripoli, which was completed, and commu tation commenced. On the 27th Commander H. Knatchbull Hallett, RN., died at Malta. The Boxer has arrived from Manila, at Malta, for pro viaione, and the Weser from Corfu, where it is suppoeed she went for the purpose of ordering some of the men-of•war to Gibraltar. By the Ellora, for Southampton, the following pay. maiden take passage :—Mr. Morgan, late Hannibal, Andrews, late Renown ; and Gain, late Recruit. Her Majesty's ship Boxer was paid off on the 29th at Malta, and such of the crew as wish to return to England hair/sages granted them on board her Majesty's ship Su e sewed was re-commissional the neat day. Her Majesty's ship Terrible has been placed at the disposal of Load Duffer* should his lordship wish to re turn to Her lifit Ea tee l T d yi ship Queen arrive(' to-clay from &pont. and it is reported she will proceed to Gibraltar. The next examination of candidates for admission to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, is to commence on the 17th instant, before General Knollys, the vice• president, and members of the Council of Military Education at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. The examination will extend to the 2 2 nd inst. The candidates for appointment to the commis- India come up for examination before the Council of Military Education at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, on the 17th inst., which will extend over three days. The examination of candidates to the Royal Military Cnllege,Woolwich, to be held before the Council of Military Education, is to commence on the lat proximo, and will continue daily (Sundays excepted) up to Muyidth the 18th. THE VOLT/Ma FIILD-DAT AT WHIBLIDON.-.• It is understood that the Volunteer field day at Wimbledon will take place on tho 13th July, and that tho movements will commence immediately after the distribution of the prizes for shooting. As there is reason to believe that some of the corps formed beyond the metropolitan district desire to take part in the field day, it has been decided that such applications shall be taken into consideration, provided these are received before the Bth of July, after which date no per mission will be g►ven. In order to avoid an undue pressure upon the offices of Lieutenancy by a strict adherence to the ordinary form of application, we have authority to state that, as on the former occasion of the review in Hyde-park, applications from corps to attend the field day at Wimbledon may be made direct to the War-office. Their Excellencies the Hon. George G. Fogg (United States minister to Switzerland) and the Hoe. James E. Harvey (United States minister to Portugal) have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-etreet, for Paris. The Countess Frances Wakiegrave and Mr. Bar court, M.P., entertained at dinner last evening, at their mansion in Carlton-gardens, the Earl and Counter Grey, the Earl and Countess of Warwick, the Countess of Sefton and Lady Cecilia Sfolyneux, the Earl of Abingdon, Viscount and Via:mitres Sydney, Viscount Chelsea, Dowager Lady Trim, Lord end Lady Egerton, Colonel and Lady Catherine Harcourt, Mr. Sneyd, and Mr. Forteacue. Lord Llanover has arrived in town from South Wales. Lord and Lady Talbot de Malahide have arrived at the Cavendish Hotel, Jennynatreet, from MAUR,. Castle, near Dublin. Colonel Tennant has arrived at Fenton's Hotel, from the East Mr. and Mrs. Akroyd have arrived at Fentou'e Hotel from Bank Field, near Halifax. The Prime Warden and Court of Assistant; of the Fiabmongers' Company entertained a large party last eight. About 800 were present. Dancing commenced at 9 o'clock, and was kept up till au early hour in the morning. The customary annual banquet took place tut evening at the Trinity House, Tower-hill. His Royal Highness the Prince Consort was unavoidably absent as master of the corporation, and the chair was filled by 'ate tamp Pigott, the deputy master. The first annual ball of the London Irish Volun teer Corps was held yesterday evening at Willis's Rooms, when upwards of 400 peraina were .present. The ball was opened by • fancy quadrille, danced by the lady patroneoes, who wore the harp and shamrock in their head-dresses. Most of the ladies wore the green smut and the gentlemen were chiefly in the uniform of the corps. THE BAIL'. Or ELGIN AND THE GROCERS' OM rAWr.—Lest evening the Earl of Elgin was admitted " brother Grocer," and entertained at n magnificent banquet in the hall of the Grocers' Company. The noble lord. in the course of a 'precis in reply to a toast, nieationeil showing what would have been the feeling if the war with China had been protracted, that at a most critical moment of his proceedings he received a letter written by a friend, a most eminent statesman, who stated that the war avisi most unpopular in this country; "that there had bout • discussion on it in • place for which I have a most profound respect, though I dare sot men. tion it, and that in that place not one single individual said a word in favour of the war, though many said • great deal against it. (Laughter, and " Hear.") That was a most agreeable communication fur • public servant to receive in reference to an affair with which he had loam] at a distance of 10.000 miles from his own country. (Laughter.) The letter 'mot on to say that the universal opinion re, that what we wanted in this country was, not polio . cal relations , which led to war, but trade , which dal out. I confess for myself that I entirely adopt that sentiment ; but after my experience in China I unet be permitted to doubt that you can have trade with that country without political relations. (Hear, hear.) 'on may have trade with • civilised country, without p hlwal relations, but in China, if there was iso convents:ie. the authorities might at any moment refuse to allow merchants to trade at all, or impose regulations that virtually would amount to a prohibition. (Hear, hear.) Seine years iO a merchant vessel was anchored in Canton, and anniversary—the King's birthday, perhaps—occurring. the men fired a salute. A woman was killed by &wielding from one of the guns, and the mandarin at that port mid, 'We will have no more trade with you till the man who fired the shot wbi'h caused the woman a death is given up.' If I are correctly informed, the man WAS given up. I should like to know what master of an English ship would in the pre. sent day give up • man for having discharged his duty. W he disembowelled or consigned to perhaps a still more creel fate. (Hear, bear.) I repent that I agree with those who think that it is not political relations, but trade that !I want with China ; but we adopt political relations as hubs. pensable to trade. (Hear, hear.) We may rangrd"l' te ourselves in having secured these ; and, I am !ippy t 0 , 41 that all the news which I have received from Chins smog my return home induces me to believe that our relatoos are established on mach a footing as that they arc not likely to be disturbed in future." (Cheers.) ME. 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