The Express. — London, England, 1854-01-10 00:00:00

Zite eroveoS• TO CORRESPONDENTS. isesed Mattes M •• Tao Ea Kew," taiga/wag tbe dir t' "Gaartte," Y 5 publielyed every Imerdel sad Yriday alsti, ter p.a. aivirtbrabesti numbed for "The Imprees." Landes &Nees mar. -- uneirorise usm, esaveriaaints. bY Two "look IS do as el paillpedes. SION WATII AT LONDON BRIDOK. Tea Die—Ye mei, Ilk. - Aftersowl M. Tomearaw—Noralse. Ort. Or Arteries*. OS. fin. 'LONDON, TUESDAY. JANUARY 10. "Tag foreign Week market is heavy, especially kr Russian." "There has been a monetary peak in &NOLO "Viennese finance is in a deplorable Mete.* "The prises come lower from all the Conti nental Bourses, except that of Paris, which has had a rally" Who can wonder that so run the Money Market reports at the present moment? Russia is known to be wretchedly out at elbows for ready mosey, whflat Austria is notoriously bankrupt. The only rational ground for surprise in the whole affair is that people of common forethought should ever have lent their money to either of the two 1 1 great despotic Courts, whilst there were industrial sadeetekiage wanting capital for legitimate uses, and well able to pay good interest for it. The funds, with some temporary flnctuations,have been falling decidedly during the past week. Cem sob, which closed on Saturday week at 631, Awl last Saturday at 921. It is, however, within bus' money becoming abundant in the esseee sf the peer sent week, owing to the payment of the divklwas, that the tendency to fall may be stayed, but it sib not be doubted that the dispute with Russia caning to a decided rapture would cause a still greater fall. The French Threes, which in the last week of August were at 80, were done on Saturday at 70.60; and in the course of last week fell nearly 4. All the railway shares, like the public funds here and is France, also declined; and a general opinion WON to prevail that all securities of the desenip• tan of national funds and railway shares will go lower. Already there has been one penis oe the Paris bourse, and it is not improbable that we may have something like a fright on oar Stock Exchange. Front a fear of the funds and of shares declining, parties may some day hasten to sell, and superinduce the evil they dread. It seems advis able, therefbre, row to remind the public that the value of funded property is less a test of the prosperity of the people than of the supposed wants and security of Governments, and that it may fluctuate, as since 1848 •it has fluctuated, very much both here and abrood, without corresponding fluctuations in the welfare of the community. Within the hut year also, though the people have been both here and in France uniformly prosperous to its closo—very dear bread having scarcely affected their prosperity — there were serious fluctuations in the price of public securities, and panics among stock dealers both there and beta. There is no reason at all for the trading and industrious classes to be alarmed, therefore, though asestritio should fall instead of rising. .We parted out on the 29th ult. that the price of 'oaar , iattonal securities was disproportionately high, ' I OWA 'Cobsois at 94, and mossy at b per cent., in ,ladationl4 the prices at the beginning of the year, when Couple were 1001, and money could be had at u . a paint. We mentioned, too, that the Government us- a France bad been using means to bolster up the " tVf its securities, and that t he circumstance 'abet the price of securities here. From the menu retires just published, it appears 2,623,5691. Is Eseheqam° Bills were issued in the two quarters .1 mast es. the sth inst. Now we know thvt these lave been .taken by the Bank, or transferred to the South Sea Company, and have been as certain an increase to our paper money, u if an equivalent quantity of Bank notes had found their way into eireuletion. . The increase of the floating debt has bit erto oontributed to keep up the price of the fixed e'....Snenrities, and • fan in the latter might be merely an u.lllispilon that the market, in relation to the public, vii SIMMS Overdone. Is not improbable, too, that the great efforts .1 nudes certain quarters to decry the soundness of . oar trade may till now have bad the effect of driving arrandas quantity of money to seek investment in public seaside, ; but as that effect cannot possibly bathed the evidence which all the late trade returns, aid all the fluctuations in stock markets supply, of trade icing a safe investment, and public securities s• 10901140 u one, it is also not improbable that hence :Sauced the owners of messy may give a preference a.. totem,* whisk will cases a further relative decline i of public securities. Than the wealth made by • Vase and other branches of industry, which pay all 1 .. • the state tales, national securities can have no other • guarantee, and hence it seems quite certain that as trade rises to its proper place in the estimation of the public, the price of national securities may fall, 0 to the advantage, rather than to the disadvantage, of the great majority of the nation. r Railway shares, mining companies shares, and Anger • seenrities, though they in general rise and fall with national securities, really rest on a totally different foundation. The dividends on them are ° away' paid by earnings, not by taxes, and it is liemible that the former may continue to increase, while *latter, forcibly appropriated to supply some preeang nationiel emergency—such as has arisen, or is 'apposed to have arisen, in Spain—may not be applied' to lite payment of dividends on national debt& In such a awe all shares which depend on earnings Would rise in value, while national secu rides might fall very much or become worthless. The different emcee. thinefore,whence are derived the dividends payable as shares,and the dividends payable on national debts, may be expected to make a great difference in this alteration of the prices of the respeetive securities. Latterly, the produce of taxes, and. its application. has been tolerably certain in Fame, as well as in England; but with war the cattainty would be Ism, and it may well happen that the mains of railways in France, as well as in England, may increase, and the value of railway stock rife, while the necessity of taxation to supply the porposesof war may diminish the sum applied to paying the dividends on the debt, and national seen rides may fall in value. At present, the Sinking Fund annually redeems a certain portion of the debt, and tends to keep up its prise in the market. In any period of war, there may be so surplus to apply to any ouch purpose. On the contrary, mere loses may be made. Than could not be obtained at a lower rate than the market value of mosey, nor tee per mat., while the bulk of the existing flathead sesaritim yields only thus. Whew ever a necessity for national loans WOW Is don cannot be two prices for similar Isessitise, shed& the market for money continue high, the peke of existing securities will approximate to the level of the pries at which new loans can be contracted; and . a fall in all asthma securities may be large, while in reason al shores depending on earnings ought to rise considerably in value. Such cosaideratione 04 show the•impropriety of inferring that all share pro -7' Reny must fall because war may shake the stability P. end resources of Governments. Tie Y toantty despotically ruled like France, the Government may take the railways into its own hands, or compel them to do all the work of the Government for nothing, and French railway shares Newfoundland offers another opportunity to the Duke of Newcastle to prove experimentally that he is animated by those enlightened views of colonial policy which his friends attribute to him, that bene velvet disposition for which every one gives him medit. Newfoundland, like many other colonies, has been kept in hot water for years by the syste- Mafia :counteractiou of a nominee council and an emotive House of Assembly. Whatever policy has found favour in the eyes of the As sembly has, apparently for that very reason, been thwarted by the nominees and their ex *do colleagues. It is hard to say upon what rho ciple the kind of Legislative Council most affects& by the Colonial-office has been devised. In New foundland the officer in command of the troops takes his seat ex officio in the council, whatever his qualifications. We have no prejudice against mili tary men—rather the reverse—but to make an officer • councillor as a matter of course, simply because he is fit to command a body of troops, or has interest ewe& at the Horse-guards to get appointed to command them, without inquiring into his aptitude for civil administration, is logically absurd and poli tically unjust. The Newfoundlanders are demon strably right when they maintain that such a sys tem as now prey ails in their colony is incompatible with real responsible government. A deputa tion from the House of Assembly came last year to England to ask for redress of this evil, but re turned we believe re infect°. The electors, however, continue loudly to demand a change, the more that they find the select conclave of ex officio, and nomi nates an impediment in the way of obtaining free Weiss reciprocity with the United States, and various, reihrigiadispensable to the welfare of the Way. I Their petitions are such as even a red-tapist ream" easily object to: they ask simply to be placed on the same footing as Canada. It will not be easy to show that what has proved good for a colony on the river St. Lawrence would be bad for a colesy on 'the Oulf of St. Lawrence. The Tad and decorous red-tapists in the Colonial-office may point to traditions (some of them we frankly confess not very old) of election rows in Newfoundland, and shake their heads a to Lord Treasurer Burleigh in the Critic. But the Duke of Newcastle has himself Mead a contested election ere now, and ought to be able to value such ebullitions at their real value. Disagreeable they may be to men fond of a quiet lib, hat they are disagreeables inseparable from par abolising, government, the price (in part) we pay ar *et best safeguard of liberty. Where there are so many emigrants from the sister island as in Newfound land we can easily believe that the noise and clatter of our elections must occasionally be surpassing, but looking to the deliberations of the Assembly (as we have done for a course of years), we are obliged to confess that, though elections might have sometimes been more quietly carried on, the selections made have, in general, been judicious. A nominee and ex a& sesecil, with a new governor every five years, sal isivitably becomes, in • small colony, a family einpaet ; and that is a much worm evil than an &Ilion riot now and then. If the government ci Illowfoundland is to be carried on smoothly and sew either the Elective Assembly or the Navies* Clemeil must be altered, and to say nothing d jug ** and expediency, the temper of the age would ekes render it impossible that the former should be thr anseumbing party. So let our Colonial Minister he wise is thee. Cbe Court. WINDSOR, JAN. 9. The Queen and Prince walked in the grounds adjoining the castle this morning. His Royal Highness afterwards rode out on honebaek, atteaded by Col. Bouvari e. Lord George Lennox has succeeded Lint.-Coloael F. Seymour in attendance on the Prince. The Earl of Aberdeen is szpsetad to-day on a visit to her Majesty. Mr. George Brand, R.N., her Majesty's sloe-Gourd at Lomita, had an interview with the Merl of Aberdeen yes terday at his (Arial residence in Downing-street. The Earl of Aberdeen left town yesterday for Windsor Castle. Despatches were received at the Colonial-0Mo) yesterday frost the governors of New Zealand and the West Coast of Africa. Despatches meat yesterday to the governors of the Australian colonies. The Commander-in• Chief is to hold a levee at the Hone Guard*, at 12 o'clock this day. The eolonelcy of the 17th Lancers has become vacant by the death of Major-General Taylor; also , the oolonelcy of the 16th Foot, and the oolonelcyin chief of the 60th Royal Rifles, by the death of Vis count Berieford, who also held the government of Jersey. Lord Brougham is expected to leave his chateau at Canoes at the close of the embus week for Paris, es mote to Landow, to attend parliontest. The noble and learned lord, who is now in his 7bth year, is is the solo, meat et good health. SALE OF A PORTION OF MR. HENNETT•S ESTATES. __...-- A etheespaitha lye:—" an sodden Ins held on the Ikk Wirth at tbe Royal Meth Tagsseseth, by Math Mara eel aelthemity, the esideseen air pawed by the insipessuaisr the baal 4*. lath a" the %theassen The sate i s of • deipbeallei path Ms Ouseesbnethe =tribes with anissess arid u* s zes i C posed. an, at Tapeseth end die latbs 'meek end lye beast at Dame* Osetakvelle embament ethatheted Ibesuibsen tbe tele, erbieb I II assue bergs audios% vibe sempsted via pea spkil 1 0 the lo th , me** 1M le nabs pethee. Kt. Seamen bee lree sub be lie Itherienset el Tear 1 1 nee* sad las selobbeerbeed, sad le peaty by as lebeldessis et the diarist, 'Aisle wee etas,' in may ith same death. the sale, whin it was themosed by ale abth ammo a l it ear ef the peiesipal Ithe woad eels loom o a s is efemereety the boalmiek whose Mogan& estespridag bee frothed fee him ow Meek yeessisiag gnu lodueaee la the selibbeeebeed of Terlo obe ready to assist An direeeb bis theme - thin. !be sale was followed by seetthe es dee la am at ariessi, et properly situated at Cltftos, ethetheasedithil prises: the total molt be Wag between 11,0101. end Math It is peered another sele will take pine may in the spring of WWI of the larger properthe beiseoea to the beakrepth estate is the netghbourbood sad elieorbue.' CAPTAIN HART, the oldest and one of tie mot experimend commanders in the Royal West Indic MA I Seam Packet Company, and who was the commedems ef their fleet, has retired from their service. L THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY VINING, JANUARY 10, HIM - DEPUTATION TO TILD FOREIO#I . • - • JIZNISTIR. . A depattation flaw the Ihntestant Alliance Ma an ietei•iiree with the Earl of Clarandoe, at the Fezeign ea* 'yeeterday, to resent • immortal, adapted at the public meeting lately held upon the ',object of the liberty of British protestants in foreign countries in respect to this oxen :one of their religion. The deputation consisted of the fel , lowing gentlemen :—The Earl of Shaftesbury, the lien. A. Kinusird, M.P., Sir J. Dean Paul, Bart., Mr. Thomas Chambers, M.P., Hon. Copt. F. Maude, Admiral Vernon Harcourt, Capt. John Trotter, General /Vince', Mr. T. L. Donaldsoe, Col. Alexander, Mr, P. F. O'Malley, Q. C., Rev. Dr. Cumming, Mr. J. Cook Evans, Rev. W. Chal mers, Rev. Dr. Thomson, Mr. John Bridges, Rev. Dr. Mr. R. B. Seeley, Rev. W. 11. Rule, Mr. J. Clalow Rigg, Bev. T. Nolaa, Mr. J. balance, Mr. James Spicer, Mr. R. J. Snipe, Mr. J. *Gregor, Captain The Earl of Stitrtasetne hiving introduced the depu tation, proceeded to read the mammal,which stated, —That the committee eves anxious to ell attention to the fact, that, under the law reowily prethellited, which Miss Cusingbame has bees accused of hauler violated, British subjects residing or travelling iu the Tema died aims, will NW be exposed to the most veneliens ego preemie, peamedings, in case of any alleged menlibdoiinn ef "gather at variance with the religion of the WM& "Aeeldinit to certain articles of the new criminal eels, is pselealeat should give utterance, even in conversation, er by do abllbra of a familiar letter, or by the gift of a esibillileiseek to say sentiment or conviction offensive to the Rena priesthood, the civil authorities are empowered , le remeit him to prison, there to await his Mild by a secret examination, according to forms inquisitorial;ttsasuWlly and, if adjudged guilty, to be pnalhilled with a long term of confinement (from sue le Mi yam/ with hard labour. One article of the said sele newly includes all foreigners under i's penalties. And en old law of the Tuscan government has bees second, re -441 by a decree of the Greed Duke, veld* seaelpae iseth Sees who shall be convicted by any TIMM and ell thienco towards the religion of the state. The amain see fully aware of the justice and importunes of the genetal principle that it pertains to the sovereignty ofevery state to' make its own laws and to prescribe the conditions upon which it admits foreigners to visit or reside within its tard ier, ; but they submit that amicable relations with any state involve reciprocal conditions, and that, without gees -tioning the right of legislation, this country has an un doubted elaim to require on its part, as a term of continued amity, that all British subjects shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, such as is guerenteed to indivi duals of every country or creed visiting or residing in the British dominions." After some remarks on the tendency of papal policy of several European courts, went on to say : " In Portugal, by a decree of the 10th of December last, a new penal code was promulgated, which is in direct vio lation of the constitutional Charter, and by which the fol• lowing offences are declared to subject the offender to awl and from one year to three years' imprisoment, we. :—L Injuring the established religion publicly, in any dogma, act, or object of worship, by deed, or word, or publicatioe in say form. 2. Attempting by similar means to peopepaie d..ctriniss contrary to the catholic dogma as defined by tba church. 3. Attempting by any means to make proselytes or converts to a different religion or Sect condemned by the church. 4. Celebrating public acts of a worship other than that of the said catholic religion. As this code extends also to Madeirs, it will threaten the safety of many British subjects. In Spain, the committee need only refer to the recent refuel of the government to allow to British Protestants even the use of a burial ground, except on the intolerant and insolent condition, that no religious service wha'ever should he used at the is lernmat, end that all publicity shall be avoided in conduct is/ the burial. In the Island of Malta, though a British penemion, a new code has been sent home for h er Ma. peep% approval, by one article of which, ' whosoever ebeedd outrage the objects of worship of the Roman catholic religion, within or without the places of worship,' would be liable to imprisonment for a period of from one to three tat ea Under these circumstances (continued the =emo tion the Committee of the Protestant Alliance feel impelled to nitwit to her Majesty's goverrment, through your lord ship, that the time is come for making a determined stand agaiest these aggressive and hostile demonstrations (of Po pery). They urged that arrangements be made '• with a view to the establishment of a better understaading with the governments of Tuscany, Portugal, and Spain, on the opiate referred to, and also tolls* prevention of intolerant enactments in the Island of Malta ; in adopting which coarse, the committee are coefident that her Majesty's go vernment will have the support of parliament and secure the grateful respect of all her Majesty's loyal protestant subjects." The Esti of Clarendon said that he could usen the deputation that the very important memorial just read wield receive his best attention, and that be would oom eiemieste with his colleagues respecting it. The depute d's 'weld not expect him at the present moment to disease tbeleemal particulars therein alluded to, but he would mI the word with respect to Portugal, as he had thought ils matter of justice to the government of that couatry to Mae inquiries after what had been stated. When the thesis( of the Protestant Alliance was held lately in Free • Hell, be (Lord Clarendon) was of course not Loan unties tO what took place. The answer to his inquiries wen nee we all, he thought, should be pleased with, cumin, that although there were severe enactments in ilethial on the subject of religion, they are not now rat is practice, he referred to a despatch latet) resolved from Sir Richard Pakenham, in which was stated that British protestants were not the least interfered with in the freest exercise of lair religion, although it must be confessed that the Roman esthetic religion being the religion of the state, any dissent hem it was regarded with disapproval, nor could the peo ple view with friendly eyes any active system of prosily- ItheL As to Toothy, what was said in the memmial, was perfectly true and just. He (Lord Clarendon) did not *Mk we should have any cause to complain again, there bed been that manifold and earnest (amnion of protestant *MSS which could not but produce the best effects. Oa 111" part of the government, nothing should be left undone Mlle's matters with respect to which the prevailing and rep. opinions had been expressed. The Earl of SnerrxenulT remarried that the depute lien could not possibly expect his lordship to say more. The Earl of Ct./Ammon observed that even in oar ova Mesta books there were laws upon the subject of religion WOW doubt seven, but happily quite obsolete. He be ihnielhat there were equally severe laws in the Portuguese ode, and if such were put in practice there would at ones be good grounds to justify our remonstrance. The Hoe. ARTHUR KINNAIRD said that of all the im portant subjects treated of in the memorial the minds of British protestant" were being aroused, and that foreign pliellielnele were also uniting with them—that a large ease dation tof this purpose wee in course of oeganisation, and IA wee of extreme importance that our position should be dearly understood. Mr. Ceimainne inquired whether his lordship was aware =hat bad been done concerning the new penal cede pro pmed fee Malts, which Lord John Russell had, upon a mo des made by his friend Mr. Kinnard, and occonded by himself, stated should be submitted to the law *Seen? The Earl of CLARRIIDON replied that he was sorry not to be obis to give any informations es that pint, which was a mime within the province of the thledliethee. Dv. Teoxson begged le mull bin beiddp's attention to the parsec-sties slyiembesi alt Pwaspl. It was true Met there are ray difplikaliblb less apes our statute begbe, bat them pressibis emenlinents were of ancient tbatea mad we awn wM Othilais liner laws existed in Ilosupiob beg es lig mum aill PM is sebsisitica. The ithieethe enestaist bewther emetheinel el iv the memo. *I was net the old law but as entirely new one not yet ennelened by the Cortes, but already sanctioned by the einedis. lb. led et CL.ILRINDON asked if this new law was Mee severe than those at present in force. The Rawl of SHILTTISDURT replied it would be undoubt severe. yri of CLAIR:KROH them referred to several pans glee meemelieL and promised to consider with attention We ildbenition jest laid before him is reference to the new code for Portugal and the other subjects referred to. The deputation, having thanked his lordship gratefully for his Mad reception and attention, then withdrew. OPENING OF THE MARYLEBONE FREE LIBRARY. Yesterday meraing the reading rooms of this institution, built the Mt ef tie kind established in the =strophe, wife weed Mt Ike tr_atnitoste admission of the public, at . Bier-read. The books are arranged d rui d Oa isms is a. Mt Gear of the house, tables being pissed Is dm NEM Ise *a esavenienee of seeders. The mom of die beiludia Y kW. hat weans of any locality i s s t r r e em ergrdlwesei *se amiss to the books. The library abort 6,000 volumes, comprising works in alltmem=litterature, mad endeavours are making to Jaime ft number. During the day a considerable umber s availed themselves of the m:vantages of LEIIERS FROM THE SEAT OF WAR. (rams ova @racist colleen/v*lmm. stiulllde, DEC. 14. ,We le ft Varna on the morning of the 11th, i s the midst Ilia slight shower of snow, which had already ileihs, we were told, in large quantities further in -111111,71.0 travelled post—the only way in which sae eau travel in Turkey, unless he mounts haste of his testni. But any one who supposed this mode of locomotion/ me to have mach in common with that known by &similar name in England would find him self very wa • wa mistake*. Instead of a yellow chahe drawn by tire smart hacks, and driven by &postillion clothed in inexpressible* of unexceptionable white ness, awaiting him at the door on rising from his coffee and rolls, to whirl him on along smooth and level roads, to a thousand inns with smiling land ladies, pleasant parlours, rosy port, and savoury capons, • few sorry hacks, with bed halters, are all that he can count en. When one resolves to make a journey he sets about his preparations with as much solemnity and deliberation as our forefathers might be supposed to hare displayed in the days of Eliza beth. He sends to the postmaster and orders horses for himself and his party, if there be a party ; and if not, for himself alone ; to be ready on a certain day, at a certain hour. He packs his personal effects in saddle-bigs, or at least in such • form that pack-horses can carry them. He clothes himself in furs, lambskin, wolfs in, or fox skin, and puts on heavy boots. If be be a Turk or a foreigner, he sticks pistols in his belt, and girds on a sabre, more as a warning to evil-disposed persons than in the expectation of having actually to make use of them, for the maxim , " Si via pacem," Bzo., is one that commends itself to the common sense of every one. If he be a Ettropeaz, also, or at least • wise European, he places an English saddle, of no great value, or a French or German one of still len, upon the animal which is to have the honour of con veying bim, knowing that the saddles of true be lievers are anything but pleasant seats for gbiaours. If, in addition to all this, ho is a person of some con sideration, or thinks himself so, he sends his compli ments to the pasha of the place, and begs him to send two of his guards to escort him safely to his destina tion. These two worthiesmake their appearance under the name of kavasses, dressed in the old Turkish turban, girdle, pistols, sabre, and all, mounted on ponies, and breathing vengeance and slaughter against all who shall in aught impede the passage of their protege, the intensity of their devotion being measured by the amount of backsheeeh they think they are likely to receive at the end of the journey. The traveller ales takes care to provide himself with a Parkere or passport, and a firman from the Pacha addressed to the governors and officials of the various towns through which he will have to pass on his route, praying them to furnish him with horses, quarters, and all other things of which he may stand in need. With all these precautions and appur tenances, he will find posting in Turkey, if not so comfortable or so speedy as in England, at least as safe and certainly cheaper. It has also the charm of novelty. For each horse which he may require for himself, his servants and baggage, and for the horse ridden by the astresdji or postilion, who acts as guide and groom, he pays two piastres and a half per hour. Hours in Turkey are not merely measures of time, but of distance also. The number of hours from one place to another, or in other words, the length of time which the post horses take to tra verse tbe intervening space, at an average or usual speed, has been fixed from time immemorial. Adria nople, for instance, is 44 hours distant from Constan tinople; Shillala 20 hours from Varna, &c. ; so that though one spent double that length of time on the road, he pays just the same. The highest rate of speed which the post-horses attain, is never greater than 6 miles an hour in summer, and 41 in winter; but [(thief; the stoppages into account, we mar set down an hour as equal to three English miles. With the maintenance of the horses on tho way, the tra veller has strictly nothing to do, but in reality they generally obtain barley at the houses where he stop, for which he. pays, amongst ocher things. The Pacha's harasses ride their own horses, but invariably expect a small fee at the end of the journey. So much for the means of conveyance. Owing to delays of one sort or another, we did not get away from Varna until near morn, which of course made it necessary to stop two'nights on the road. Our course for the first fifteen miles lay along the shores of fresh water, a lake called Deena Visite, which extends in narrow stripe from Varna, in a direction almost doe west. Its eastern extremity is separated from the harbour of Varna merely by a narrow bank or bar of sand, not over a gamer of a mile broad. A canal one mile long, cut through this, would enable vessels of the largest ton nage to enter the lake, which affords anchorage close to the shore throughout its whole extent. If such a work as this were executed, it would form the most magnificent port in the world. The water is of great depth, of a deep blue colour, and the clearest I ever saw. It is at no point more than an English mile in breadth, and the shores present an admirable site for a great commercial town. The road on the right bank runs along an undulating plain, in some places rather thickly covered with brushwood, but generally so even and smooth, that there is hardly any portion of it over which the most timid rider might not gallop at full speed. It is bounded about five miles to the northward by • low range of hills, which shelter it admirably from the cold winds that in throe regions come down laden with the biting keels et the Russian steppes, and form a picturesque bukgreand to the picture. Towards the western end this plain is broken and intersected by high yiakisodleftyprecipices, in some eases thickly wooded, wills) overhang the water with veil , fine effect. the opposite shore the range of hills , known as itirli t tie Bin, rang the whole way,and from the water's edge to the summits is covered with timber et the finest growth. The soil throughout is a rich black loam, and being unencumbered by any of the eistaaiss in the shape of stones, trees, &c., which in ether pleses cost the farmer so much toil and annoy ance, needs but to be ploughed and sown to furnish an abundant yield of any European crop. At present, if I remember rightly, there Ma net more than two small and poor nil rin its whole extent ; the inhabita n t s eihish draw a scanty subsistence from a patch of seldvation in the neighbourhood of their dwellings, which they exhaust by a succession of crop., and then abandon for some other spot, until it recovers half. Game abounds throughout. flocks of wild ducks sported and dabbled in thw at er, not ten yyards from our horses' feet, and partridges by ran about on the sward, unscared by our epprseeth, and in blissful ignorance of everything appertaining to fowling pieces and pointers. I saw no hares, but I am told they are equally numerous and wild boars may be plentifully .found in the wood" by any one whose Indian experiences incline him towards the noble sport of "pig sticking." I have seen a great deal of fine scenery, and of this very kind too, but very little which could equal the presented by the southern shore of lake, as we pursued our course along the northern. The deep blue of the water, through which the pebbles down in its clear depths shone with a silvery hue, was every moment placed in glo rious contrast with the sombre colours of the woods en its basks, clothing the hills above like a pall, by tillig of sembias breaking through the snow clouds. asedest slim* reigned on all sides. Now and then it was broken by the screams of the wild geese, cutting their way southward; but, with this excep tion, our voices or the clatter of our horses' hoofs were the only sounds to be heard. At about 10 miles distance from Varna, the lake dwindles into a rivulet which runs for about a mile through a narrow valley, shut in by high and abrupt eminences, and then opening out again into another broad expense of water. The view at this point is magnificent, and is alone worth the journey from Varna. At various I points along the road, generally in some sequestered' dell, but always sufficiently conspicuous, handsome I fountains of white stone stand by the wayside, I erected by Mossulmsn piety to refresh the weary I cattle of the passer by in the hot months of sum mer. All of them bear some inscription taken from the Koran—generally the famous aphorism 'of the prophet, "Water giveth life to everything." - A Bulgarian peateht seldom passes one of these without unyoking his oxen and letting them drink their till. 'rho clumsy waggon, the breath of the settle hanging in wreaths over their heads in the clear, frosty air ; the many hued glitter of the icicle*, which hung around the trough, and the rude but hardy air of the driver, with his sheepskin coat and ponderous turban, or, if a Nub, equally ponderous t h e cap, in tinny instances form ed en admirable scene probably about 30 mike, and it is tit f ur cu l t i vation I for an artist to depict. The bu ildin g of these bean- I throughout, the greater portion being, i n e ta :- tains is brie of the Mahommedan works of charity the highest degree fertile. It partakes i u nn which assist in opening the gates of hea v e n. The y measure of the nature of all land adjoiniee are so many proofs_ of the Prophet's sagacity , and it Danube from Belgrade to the Black Sea, and is is not a little sinr, that every act which his die- marshy and wet in spring, and is baked by t h e turn has made praisaworthy, possesses more or less of excessive heat in summer. Tut the v egoto s ee wsitive and solid utility, save only the p il g rima g e to ' astonishingly rapid iu its growth, a n d f e ; Mecca. Vain repetitions , and bodily torture or con- I persons who only witness tie parched appear s " - ! tortions, wherever practised, are corruptions intro- I presented by the plains in the autumn nod a s otee dueed by the dervishes, and find no sanction in the would believe that astonishingly luxuriant g rop e Koran. Hospitality to the stranger and wayfarer, cha- flourish and come to maturity in the earlier month City to the poor, and kindness to the lower animals, of summer. As a corn country, it has probably a n are all injunctions worthy of a purer fait h and a e q ual in the world; and y et I ma y safel y venture o holier origin. Accordingly the burning he ats of the assert that not one-hundredth part of it is eaohyes'r east, in which Mahommedanism took its rise, are brought under cultivation. The peasantry, in slims mitigated be the piety of its wealthy votarie s, w hose have little inducement to g row more of an y ern; benevolence makes fountains bubble in arid wastes, than will supply their own wants, and these of re and lonely fastnesses for the refreshment of the way- neighbouring town. There arc no roads and no effi. barer; and the dogs and pigeons even are carefully cient means of forwarding their surplus to the Dante I fed in most Mussulman towns , by the ministers of or Varna. Most English n heelbarrov, a would son . the Mosque, as a part of their sacred duty. The tain fully hall as lar g e a load as the ir miserable be road was throughout simply a track for pack-hordes, Tale waggons, which, besides, can only creep da ns bat along which a light carriage, as well as the rude at the rate of about one mile per hour. The Danit; we gone of the peasantry may, in fine weather, one would think, should be the great highway foe oaks its war. For a short distance from Varna, transporting the products of the countries oar its mar which it crosses the famous battle-field on banks to the sea; but it must be remembered that width Ladislaus 11. of Hungary met with a from the month of November to the early past °May 1 else and a grave from the Turks, it is toler- the ice renders it no longer navigable; and even if ably hard, though terribly rugged but: when- this were not the case, the stupidity of the diploma/Jo, ewer it passes through cultivated ground, or across who committed the task of keeping the mouths dear, a marsh, which is sometimes the case, it partakes in to RUSIlia, would render its water equally useless f or every respect of the nature of the adjoining terrain, the purposes of commerce. The great aim of 14,4 with such additional softness, of course, as the traffic for many years past has been to luster discontent, may be expected to occasion. It is, in short, nothing and support abuses in the neighbouring states. MOM or less than a short and direct track across the Nothing can be further from her purpose than to country, and the goodness or badness of its condition assist either the Bulgarians or Watlachians in finding is entirely the work of Dame Nature, who, by-the- a market for their produce. She, therefore ' anticsbye, bye, with all her accomplishments, has the reputation the Danube to be blocked up, and throws the blame of being the worst road maker in the world. on the Porte. The true way to turn the ialinense Towards nightfall we reached the extremity of the natural advantages of Bulgaria to account would lake, and entered a hamlet known as Devna Mills, be to run a railway from Varna along tho shor6i o f composed of the flour mills themselves, ten in num- the Devna Lake to Shumla, and thence anerweids ber, belonging to a Turkish company of four partners, he extended to Belgrade. Engineering difficulties and worked by a stream which flows into the lake. there are none. The line would probably ti the We here stopped at a coffee-house, in order cheapest in the world, for it could be carried the to partake of a cup, and smoke a chibouk, whole way almost along a dead level. It, in addi having previously sent a Kansa to secure tion to this, the lake was connected with the sea, lodging for the night in the village of Devon, about by a canal, in the way I have mentioned, \'area would a mile and a half further on. A Turkish coffee-house become the great entrepot for the supply of ferlign in the country exactly corresponds with a village commodities to the whole of Bulgaria, and perhaps alehouse in the country, but is in many respects so even to Servia and Bosnia, and would in return export different that a description of it may not be unim enough corn each year, to render European fames, each tereating. The person who keeps it is mostly the and dearthe, now of so frequent occurrence, all but keeper of a khan also, that is, of two or three empty impossible. The people would be rendered indepea rooms and a stable, which he lets for the accommo- dent of the Danube, and furnished at all seasons of dation of travellers at a low rate.; Adjoining the khan the year with a cheap and speedy means of comma is the cafe, generally a small room, with a passage, nication with thesea and the capital, whilethe latter about as wide as a church aisle, running up the would be brought at least three days nearer to Paris middle. On each side of this is a raised platform, and London. It is a folly to urge the present want or dais, railed off into square partitions, and covered of traffic, as an objection to such a scheme, as we all with straw mats; and perhaps, if the proprietor be know that railways create) traffic, make roses spring a little pretentious, with a few pieces of carpet also. in deserts, and cause hamlets to rise into flourishing In the centre of each of these divisions is a mongol, towns with a rapidity all but miraculous. If Tar or earthenware pan filled with charcoal embers, and key is ever really and truly to be regenerated, around this the guests sit, crosslegged , smoking railway s and g ood roads will be the instruments. solemnly, sipping slowly, and sometimes talking, but We reached Shumla early in the afternoon of the always deliberately and one at a time -no pub- 11th inst., and found the snow about half a toot lie-house brawls, nor yet the clatter and deep, the town crowded with troops, which put us to buzz of a French cafe. Some men will the painful necessity of lodging tho first nightie a lounge here all day long, in virtue of their ha v in g sort of stable loft in a Khan, through which the ordered a cup of coffee on entering iu the morning. wind passed both by floor , wa ll, and roof, and it ass The cup of coffee, be it remembered, is not the great with considerable difficulty that we found suitable bowl of sooty-flavoured rubbish which is offered you quarters anywhere. ander that name in a London coffee-house, nor yet the delicious denti-'asst of the French capital, but about a table spoonful of the soothing liquid—hot, savoury, aromatic, in a cup of the smallest possible dimensions, like a child's plaything, and without handle or aught else to distinguish it from a slop basin in miniature. One of these is handed to each visitor on entering. On receiving it he produces his chibouk, lights it at the brazier, and abandons himself to the great solace of life, the dole° far niente. But no Turk ever thinks of mounting the divan with out removing his slippers, though he is tolerant enough to excuse all Franks who commit a breach of etiquette by ascending, booted spurred and all, as we did. Whether it was owing to my previous fatigue and exposure to cold, I know I not ; but I have seldom so thoroughly abandoned myself to the enjoyment of the hour as when under the soothing influences of the fumes of Turkish to- bum and the gentle heat of the brazier as we squatted around the fire in the Devna Mills coffee. house, in the midst of a circle of bearded Osmanli., with pistols in their belt, who, after politely saluting us, puffed away in solemn and decorous silence. Equally silent was the kafedji, who, standing at the upper end of the room before a blazing fire of char- i coal on a hearthstone breast high, plied his calling, with naked arms and naked breast, and handed i round the coffee to his guests, looking like a huge Cyclops as the firelight fell athwart hie swarthy fea tures and muscular form through the thick clouds of tobacco smoke. After a brief interval of rest we mounted once more, and, galloping . across a stony plain, reached' the village or Devoe just as the night fell. We pulled up at the entrance, and in vain shouted for our ksvass. " Hadji ! Radii!" cried we. " Iladji! Hadji!" was re-echoed from the hill that towered above us—for the kavasa was a Mussulman of the first water, having made the pilgrimage to Mecca, I and being ever after a holy man. The village dogs barked fiercely, and the cold night wind blew still more fiercely, and still for nearly a quarter of an hour the hadji was invisible. We were beginning to I fear that, having provided for his own comfort, he was about to leave us to shift for ourselves, when the worthy made his appearance on an eminence above us, and began to shout with a vigour which made ample compensation for his previous silence. Follow ing the sound we soon reached the spot where he stood, and were speediiy shown into a thatched cottage of small dimensions, but extraordinary clean. The walls in the interior were white as snow, there was en equally white ceiling, and an earthern floor, pessingly smooth, and scrupulously well kept. The good wife was already making preparations for our arrival, and bid us welcoine,when we entered,with a cordial smile that doubled the value of her words. Barefooted, hsrdhanded, a white handkerchief tied I round her head, the skirt of her gown pinned up behind, with an honest, kindly, but weather-beaten face, she would have paned is any part of Ireland for " a daughter of the soil," as long as she desisted from speaking. A fowl was speedily killed, plucked before our eyes, and thurit into the pot ; we, to the ' meantime, squatting on a mat beside the fire, amok ing and watching the process of cooking with painful solicitude. In due time it came to an end; the animal was drawn forth, and dished on a huge flat wooden platter, and being placed before us with a little salt and a loaf of black bread, our pcnkuives and a hearty goodwill accomplished the rest. To wash it down we sent out for some wine, 'and for the sum of four piastres received a bucketful, which so mush resembled in taste a mixture of bad vinegar and cayenne-pepper' that we contented ourselves with a siagle sip. As soon as we had finished our vapid we lay down on our mats, put our saddles wader our heads, and, having thrown our coats over as, were soon in dreamland. My latest waking recollection was having seen the Chiajah, a head man of the village, busily engaged in quaffing the wine which we had rejected, in company with our, Mat s and both of them at the same time making a admits inspection of one of my boots, which seemed to meet with their decided approval. We started at daybreak on the following morning ; but finding it impossible to reach Schumla that night, we stopped about three in the afternoon at the village of Oonuaki, five hours from our destination. It lies in a hollow lin the centre of a great plain, and the inhabitants seemed to employ themselves mainly in the cultiva- I don of the vine. The same neatness, order, and air of comfort which I have observed in all the Turkish and Bulgarian villages prevailed in an equal degree in this. Each house stands in a ring /nes, enclosing the farmyard, out-offices, and fre quietly& gardes, and everything wears an appearance of cleanliness and order. I can safely say that neither in France nor England, nor in Ireland, above all, have I seen one tithe of the marks of social happiness and domestic comfort and self-respect in the dwel -1 Hogs of the very poor which may be found in those of Turkey, notwithstanding the many disadvantages under which the lower classes labour in the last mentioned country. No filth or squalor ever appears in a Bulgarian peasant's cabin, however rude its f'ur niture or humble the attire of its owner. Our route over the entire distance from Devoe to Shumla lay along an immense undulating plain, about 40 miles in length, and extending from the Little Balkan to the Danube, intersected merely by one small line of hills. Its average breadth is LATEST FROM ABROAD. INDIA AND CHINA. THE OVERLAND Milt, -4.-- (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELIORAPUO TRIESTE, MON DAY. The steamer Calcutta arrived at 9 o'clock a.m., in 16 hours from Alexandria, Jan. 4. The India mail left this morning for London u:2l dates from Calcutta Dec. 0 ; Madras, Dec. 10; Shanghai, Nov. 19 ; Amoy, Nov. 18 ; Hong Hong, Nov. 27 ; Singapore. Dec. 4 ; Penang, Dec. 6; Calle, Dec.l3; Bombay, Dec. 14 ; Burmah, Nov. 20. The intelligence from Burmah was most contradic tory. A report was current that the Burmese had recaptured Pegu, and a combined movement against the British was to take place on the 20th December ; whilst another statement was that the war ploy at Ave is too weak to do anything. The Russians are said to be at Khiva, and the Peshawur force hasbeen increased to 13,500 men. The Afredeea of the Kohat Pass have given in and aeckpted our terms. Trade in India was fair. Exchange at Calava, 12.1. In China the insurgents have evacuated Amoy, and the imperialists have made horrible massacre there, Canton ia quiet. Exchange (By sruMADI\B AND BEBOFBAN TELDOSAFIL) MARSEILLES, *AD A' The Indian Mail arrived at 5 o'clock p.m. may decline u the public esonritile decline., The vales of both depends, in some measure, otl *Views imperial dictum, ad on the wattle of a deopitioao. vernmeet. But here khers,s no chance Anne property being further iiterfeend with, by thaGmnam ment than being made to bear, like Other prolierty and industry, its due share of the publio burdens. We therefore recommend all holders of railway stock, and other similar property depending on earnings, who are likely to be advised to sell immediately on the funds beginning to fall in consequence of the impending war, to be cautions, and not throw away their property. A well-managed railway, paying a good dividend now, is likely to be a well-managed railway, paying a better dividend, hereafter. Cer tainly any war which impede traffic would diminish the value of railways; but of some rails—of that to Ports mouth, foe example, or that to Chatham, or to other naval depits or garrisons—the war might increase the receipts. Generally we are not to expect that such a war u we are threatened with will much, if at all, diminish traffic, and there are not, therefore, theme:orations foe anticipating in case of waren equal diminution in the value of shares and of national securities. USEFUL WORK FOR THE COLONIAL SECRETARY. sn••• •••• I Tb B ove. rth , radii days Data °the; man Le poi aooel this jo g ' the boo, con, thee sine that dib ha S; i nc 1. mar con , sow pre, man yen Ass notl try out dec wh eft( oth Sul cep pru the ' • ent pre stri the adz wit ;t int con rat SU is off at to LU to tg ca' ag ch wi he an at se , to a a a 0 he tc .as ble it h. ). 11 1 • r t• .;; d Y. ~, ID n irh 1 10; ;ong, . 1111 e, adie- had ;ninst nber; ItY at 4 the and ,cotta, y , and • there. '• I.) ri.4l . • • caused turday, at. At 'ire per London , 20 per GERMANY. The circular of the French government has caused a panic on all the German bourses. On Saturdiy, at Frankfort, Austrian stocks fell percent. At Berlin, Russian fell '2 per cent. At Vienna, Five per Cent. Metallica closed at 91. Exchange on London rose to 11.47, with Bank shares 1,340; gold, 26 per cent. premium ; silver, 18; per cent. premium. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, DEC. 30. The Roetikoff, 120-gun ship, was lost after the engagement at Sinope. • SPAIN. The accouchement of the Queen of Spaie, an• nounced yesterday by telegraph from Paris, is the latest intelligence from the Peninsula. The event took place on Thursday last. The Queen and infant were doing well. Sartorius, the president of the ministry, has quite recovered. M. de Turgot continued to go on well. GERMANY. The Notional Gazette of Berlin states that I'rus ilia is carrying on negotiations with Swede* and Denmark for settling a common course of action, in order to secure the rights of neutral tlag!,tn cane of a war. SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH (AMC t- RIM—NIGHT SERVICE WITTE THE CONTINENT. — Ia to ference to the statement which has appeared in some of the metropolitan journals to the e ff ect that the governmente on the continent bail not extended to this country the silvan• tages of the night:service which they had established with each other, it appears that the above companies have already concluded arrangements with the continental go• wernments for a night service between the various coun tries and England. An the most important towns of France, Belgium, and Germany will ill NMe he open both by day and night for the transmission of despatches, and henceforth continental messages are to be received , at the Submarine and European Telegraph Com p snies office, in Cornhill, at all hours, including the entire Sunday, or direct trenemission to their destination. TRANSHIPMENT OF SPECIE TO FRANCE.- 01 the gold brought to this country by the Asia, at Liverpool , , from the United States (362,759 dollars) the greater portion, I via., 282,000, was for French merchants, sod was trite: shipped in the Margo:at (at.) fur Havre v.LiJ 1-irerp:e. I yesterday afternoon. Tb rye rtb , radii .4117 8 So lt a Ls gio 01 &c4?el boot cont their pine that ..A C mar DOTI pre! yell A6S I -