The Express. — London, England, 1850-03-04 00:00:00

Cl),e enreoo. OUTGOING MAILR. The Rah f t Maditria,thoifTllls;:i7d SUMO. Ayres, will biemsee er. t:.11 overtime, March 4. The mail, fr • Ikirten, Spain, and Oihra!tar will be made op oaths mominp of Marsh 7. 11 e mails via Nisrwilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Ceylon, ladle, HmtHoeg, &c., will be made up on the evening siMervh 7. The !nails PM British North Amities Lai the United Slues will be made up ou the evening of March S. • The West India Malls, excluding Bermuda, Benumb, 'Noma, lin .doras. New Orleans, and Mexico, and including them foe )(adobe, St. Jesn.de-Nieasstrua, New Granada, Chili, and Perumill be madtuip on the 17th inst. The mails Ow °Pinker, Malta, Grist*, the lonian Islands, &opt Ceylon, India, and Chime, via Southampton, will be made up on the morning or March 20. HIGH Wfkl AT LONDON MUM& iii Toe DX:Wome. 4 h. 33••••• ItieWro I. Wait LONDON, MONDAY', MARCR 4. GOVERNMENT, and the governing claws of this country, have certainly no ground for cimplainiog that political et( trany is not at their service. It would be d.fficult for them to have found a more con venient handmaid. If the poor increased in numbers and demands, political economists were not wanting to show the they might be left to their fate, for their starvation was just ; it it teemed advisable to diminish the envy and surprise experienced at the immense sad sudden opulence of the landlords at a certain period, philosophers were found to prove that rent, however exorbitant, caused prejudice to nose, and enhanced no price. And now we have learned gen tlemen of the same school come to toll vas that we are the most lightly taxed people on the face of the earth, the nation's burdens smaller, its capital and p^pulation greater than they were half a dentory ago. The c inclusion from these premises is, that we are an urgrateful and illogical people to grumble at taxation, general or local, of which we should, it teems, be reedy to bear an augmentation, instead of clamouring to be relieved of a portion. Mr. NORMAN, in his " Examination of Prevailing Opinion as to the Pressure of Taxation," under takes this proof. His first proposition is, that beaus the nation u a whole accumulate, wealth, the persons who compose the nation do not feel eureka]. In the first place, there may be it great many deceptive symptoms of the accumula tion of capital. That new capital is always in a elate of creation from certain sources, and that it often appesrs abundint in the market, there is no doubt ; but how ter the valu e of capital already Azad is dimirdshing,or worn out, or wh e th er th e very abut deny- of capital at times does n o t d eno t e i ts unfruit fulness, are qnertions to be considered. Undoubtedly we have a greater populstien, and undoubtedly there is more capital employed in keeping this population active and re macciated. Ile it is ateo as undoubted that the turning and employment of capital is much more subject to risk, and much les.' certain of return than formerly; that an immense quantity of old capital, whether vested in land, factories, or railways, has disappeared; that many, very many, fruitful sources of private revenue have been dried up ; and that those kinds of business which are prospering and the capital that is thriving, are con centrated in fewer hands than formerly. This latter circumstance alone accounts fur a greater accurnula tics of capital, though it cannot be said that the peosperity and comfort of the industrious and middle else. keep puce with that accumulation. Thus, it is not large capitalists who pay most taxes is this marry i it is the many, industrious, and middle ranks of commerce and consumption. Now, amongst this clam, we do assert that then is km prosperity, lees profits, lees accumulations going on than formerly, and consequently that the p•puler back, which has always borne the chief harden of taxation, is less - • -- .otmithstanding its increased able to _ • activity and numbers. If Mr. NORMAN cannot mako out his case in this, the most plausible portion of hm argumi nt, he fads still more signally, and falls into the most sophis tical errors in another series of his assertions. These go to establish that the national burdens were mach greater during the war than they are now, whilst the nation was then much less able to bear them ; that it did bear them, nevi rthelees, and that consequently we are now in a condition to bear much seore than we do now, or did then. But fact, do not show any very increased burden of taxation in war times over what has prevailed since. The difference between fifty millions now, and sixty millions then, is nothing enormous. And although the sixty w ero raised on a smaller population, the large amount of loans which were flung into private incomes and profits, enabled these to pay an increase of taxation in a 00113- try, wht-re taxes are paid universally out of income, not property. The burdens are now pretty much what they were during the last years of the war, with this to be taken into account, that after the war tl.e wealthy flung the property tax off their shoulders, whilst at a later period Sir limner PEEL and the free-traders took a large portion of the burden off the sloulders of the poor consumers. On the shoulders of the middle class, however, the burden lies as leaden and as crashing as ever ; more so, indeed, because their profits are less, their business more un certain, whilst speculative investments have not me added, but by failure have literally robbed and impoverished them. The chi f sourors oat of which taxation is to be supplied, according to oar present fiscal system, are rent, profits, tied ialaries fiom high and low. The mass, the amount of all three, may have increased with the increased espital and population of the country, but how have these sources and re sources ircremel with respect to each individual ? That. is the question. Let Mr. NORMAN poll his fellow citizens, and uk their individual opinion as to the ability of each to bear taxation now, compared with their ability to bear it in times put. We entertai' not the least doubt as to the reply ; which, indeed, there are few of our readers who cannot make from their wen experience. In order to argue, as Mr. NORMAN does, from the amount of a ration's copilot to the amou-.t of its taxation, we should first of nil fix taxation upon capital or acc)rding to it, which is far from the case with us. A system of taxation that is based on con sumption must be mete I by the capacity and condi tion of the consuming duos, by their rate of profits, by the mode in which all labour is remunerated. In this system it is not so much the capital of the country that is to be looked to, as that part of the annual sum devoted to income over and above the necessary 'keeping up of appearance, comfort, and life. RSA this surplus of income in each individual been increased or dintinistsed ? Does it afford greater room for taxation ? Or is it not pitched beyond the possibility of bearicg more under our existing fiscal system P We shall take another opportunity of considering Mr. NORMAN'S wild assertion, that the English ar • the least tract of any people. IT is some time sines we alluded to the subject of medical reform. The last occasion we mentioecd it Was when the Loan ADVOCATE in the liaise of Commons, in reply to • question of Mr. THORNELT, stated that the committee on medical legislation in tended to bring it • medical and surgical bill before the end of the session. That bill was never brought in, aed thereby hangs a tale. It appeers that one of the contracting parties—the C )11,ze3 of Physicians and Surgeons, the Apothecaries' Company, and the National Institute, failed at the eleventh hoar A qualm of con science or self-interest came over the Celle of Sur geor.s, and the LORD A DVOCATL'i bill remains far ever in that limbs to which have been successively doomtd Mr. WARBURTON'S, Mr. IlawEe's, Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S, and Mr. Wstatis medical rtfnm bills. This fact speaks very sufficiently to all earnest medi cal reformers of the nature of these measure*. With one exception they !Isve ben the concoction cf rotten, corrupt coheges and corporations, and have been framed, not with any view to the good of the public or the advantage of the prof, salon, but for the perpe tuation of the worst forms of ahhse that an imperfect legislation has allow‘d to grow op in the tactical system of this country. We rejoice, then, in the difference at the College of Surgeons that led to the withdrawal of their support to the LORD ADVOCATE'S medical bill j and we think the present a &clod oKertuni'lt fur all caracet medical reformers to unite for securing an Efficient measure of reform. The great principle of action, however, must be independence of the constituted 1 authorities. We are gl.td, in our adtozacy of thii plan, to be suppated by so able and influential a metnb^r of the medical pro:ea-ion as Profcbsor SYME, of Edinburgh. In a letter which tnis gentleman haa written to the LORD-AtivocATe of Scjtland, on the eubjict of medi- cal reform, he says that all previous have failed, first on excel:let of their complexity , and secondly, " becanse none of these measures were directed with a simple streigktf irward view to general expediency and public advantage, but were all founded on the principle of g:ve and take or mutual concession and accommodation" between the various co-opervions. "It may be easily imagined," he continues, " what a tissue of absurd and mis chievous regulations would thus be woven through the selfish eagerness of each body to gain some ad vantage blinding it to the tendency of proposals from others in the way of exchange or equivalent for what they surrendered." It is on this ground that we have always urged the medical profession to rally round principles and not men, and to turn away their affec tion from institutions, which founded is the infancy of society, are no longer capable of reapplying its wants and demand'. Who' is to be expected from the old bodies, may be gathered from the con duct of the College of Surgeons. It first withdraws from its colleagues in cerryicg out the new measure. The council give out that they are about to remodel their charter. The members are all led to the 10-lief that they are at last to have justice done them. The invidious distinctions of fellows and members are to be done away. The college is truly to represent the profession. It is to be in reality what it ought to be, the College of General Practitioners. No such thing. After months' deliberation, the college determines that all it can at present do towards medical reform is to allow members of twenty years' standing to become fellows by the payment of ten guineas. We do not wonder at the burst of indignation with which this proposition has been received by those who have been anxiously hoping for some great good. But we do wonder at the effect it has produced in certain quart , re. When advocating the Medical Registration Bill of Mr. WAICLEY, we thought he had committed himself to the principles of that bill, the simplicity and practicability of which recommended it to the large majority of the medical profession. It was a measure worth fighting for, and with a few modifications we are still convinced would have gained the suffrages of so large; a body of medical men that it must at list have become the law of the land. Mr. WAKLEY, however, in his ind4nation at the College of Surgeons, throws overboard his own measure, and is now prepared to fight for a new college, "dedicated to the government and protection of practitioners in medicine, surgery, and mid wifery." Against adding another to the numerous colleges and examining bodies that already exist we have always protested. As far as the public is concerned it is not needed, and in the profession it can only lead to the es abliehment of another interest in opposition to those which already exist. What is wanted by the public is not a new college, but a standard examina tion, the peeing through which shall be guarantee that a man is capable of practising any or every branch of his art. What the profession wants is not corporate rights, bat the right to practise in every part of her Majesty's dominions, when qualified by such exami nation to do so. The evil of the profession is not so much that it has no power to control its colleges and corporations, as that these bodies have power to examine, prosecute, mulct, and dishonour, not only the various sections of medical men, but even mem bers of their own body. The College of Physicians has thepower not only to fine and imprison gradu ates of Edinburgh and Dublin who practise in England, but its own licentiates who practise s London. The College :of Surgeons, by IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT . PAIU,IANIENTART BUSINESS FOR THIS EVENING. HOUSE OF COMMONS. ORDERS OF THE DAT. e masa. —Parliamentary Voters (Inland) fprooessh Manse= liwand ; &tater Leming (Inland) ; J udgmeats Pirstes(Read-mruey)Rrpral; Rills. &Apply. gamin Runtana. Charitable Trusts; Iligliways; Registr:r of Metrcpeinan Public Carnimm; Turnsear•rsad and Mentor Trusts (Inland); Titles of Religious Congrega tions (Scotlaadt; Dille. Raruuts.—l*basaestaly Voters, the. (Irrlar.d); Pay mot to Barristers aid Odises. Supply. NOTICES OF MOTIONS ON ORDERS OF THE DAY. PARLIAMENTARY VOTERS. &C. (IRILAND) BILL.—Ts nominee. Sit D. NURIIRTB, Mr. GROGAN, Sir R. FERGUSON. L•rd C. HAMILTON, Mr. NAPIER, Mr. HAMILTON, Mr. HENLEY, Lied NAAS, Mr. STAFFORD, and Mr. FAGAN, to more diesel and amstidarate. DISTIIiPnD UNIONS (IRELAND) ADVANCES BILL.— ON qu• vim' of o*:ron.l reading, Ciao:el SIBTIIORP, to stove that the WI be read a seesed time tbat day six SOU Um INDEPENDENT NOTICES OF QUESTIONS AND MOTIOWs: CORN Awn GOLD —MC WODEHOUSE, to pat a pies den to the Preedest of the Bawd of Trutt, relating to the Impart of gold from this country in the 'ear of towel*, 11990-1801. and 3iSO of the previous year of scarcity 119.5, is Gonne nian with au imp ..rt of torn and stale' of all kinds in the same ;pried. NORTHRIN ARNISTICII —Mr. SANDARS, to ask the ' See:vary of State fin Foreten Aheira, if an answer has been nteMe d from hir Mak my's Minidets at Frankfatand Berlin, in reply to the pupae's* of the Danish goverement to renew the armistice on certain con litions, if those conditions have been acceded to • if not, whether this provisional mate of raw 'or war, to; on sin week s notice on either side, is to be ~fir ed to continua, on the nart of England, to the serious hindrance and prejudice of the trade and commerce of the United Kingdom. Nsvm. Deersicsie.—Sir EDWARD BUXTON. to rah the Finn Lord of tie Admiralty, when Rear-Admire! Sir F. despeches. dated September, 1549, blaming Coes nammter Farquhres report of his proceedings on the 31st Jiffy, 1149, would be laid before the house. k-entry Uston.—Mr. POULETF SCROPE, to ask the First Lord t.f the Truantry a question ea to the condition of the Swill Union. POll7 or Nine(' WAWN, to more for return of the revenue received by the commis.ioaers appointed and r the um 8 and 9 Vie e. 59 (called " The Ne•castle np us Tyne Port Aet,1845 "), in each year. Litt of the corn. misaionen sow actieg and qualified under that act, stating their names and their qualification; aim the number of mettinge of the board, and the names of the commissioners who hare attended each of the meetly?, of the board. and where held, In each year. Account of the debt ovine Ity the muntaisidonen, the date of contracting the tame, and the rate of inter,st paid. Also, a particular and detailed account, in each year, of what hse been ex pended, Also, a parlenlar and detailed account of the au -bre and muses of the police employed under the act in each 'ea. sad their plates of reeiience. Jlao, • particular an i detailed scams: tf the buoys and moorings laid down and their mat ; distingnialtieg those laid down on the beaks of the river in each of the boroughs of South Shields and Tynat. , uth. And also, the names of the vessel% thit have been driven en shoes on the south side of the Tyne, in the tannin of South Shielia. from the want of good and suffi cient moorings, from the let day of September, 1849, to the Ist dry of March. 1850. Pool: Law 1. - NIONO (ENGLAND AND WALLS), —Sir D. NORRETIL—Beturne of the pm law unions of England and Wales (inclusive of the metropolitan unions), shttwing the area and valuation of midi, sad aka the number of parishes combined in nek union ; and of the p of the area, TAllittioll, and member of peddles combined, of the poor la- onions of England aid Wale.. PCBLIC WORICS (INDIA) —Mr EWART, return of ell public work) which have been completed in India by the East India Company within the last 10 lease, including em lmakm it* easels, and works of navigation, r ads anti bridges, balldinge, factories, docks, mod all otter public works oleo, a similar return of all public works now in progress in India (with the addition of any proposed rail ways); sllowirg in each care the object of tae work, the date tit its crone: cement, and (where terminated) its iSr• islastioa, the amount of tepee's* incurred, the amount esti mated kr ea= pie•;ou, and the pro'nble time of completion of ar. air finishd w nrki wit such statements or 'locums. ta as may he deemed accessary to .::lain or illuetrate the abwe return). Irrssur.stre.—Lord DUDLEY STUART. Address for ream acacias, fur malt year stam 1830 the cumber of inter• met tl at Yore taken pine. ht etch catbriml, church, shaptl, churchyard, chapelysrd, cemetery, ( r other place of late:way within Alma mi!es of St. Paul's catheorel ; dis tinguish*/ whAt.sr made is Titbits, bitch graves, or ether. Itrusr or rut Tool—Mr. ADAIR, B:11 to provile for BM more cqui.shis distribution of the eltarge for %lit relief of ilus pia in turtaiu dig.' sad towns. P.kRLIAMILNITARY COMMITTEE. PRoPonED PARLIAMENTARY INOCIRY INTO RAIL wt petitioas presentsd to the Roost Gf COSMO= by sPorsholdvr In various railways rt forth that assay hsvt ao other rasoarees than the jars... derived from their invotmass ia, railways; that the total don sash ire:att in some iastsnma. and its youth:s u e / 1 de ar ass in °thus, is seriously fsh by tboasmda,tnany of whom have 11111kfil dis•maa sad rain, Is;vioe beta it. mind by their dher•ort in As !ore of false Ind f ,bresten PtArnett' and Masi sad pr.weed.ngs—eircutarancre, they re port scat. require, not tamely a fall invrtisatton b the !wow, but tie tamales% of lows for elfectuA repression of Utak repatitisa. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 4, 1850. 'be power granted it of making fellows, degraded at once several thousand of its own members; the Society of Apothecaries can refuse their liceree and prosecute a practitioner, though he should hold in his heed the nine medical diplomas of the sister kingdoms, and that of the College of Surgeons in England. This isthe legislation of which medical Wen have to com , plain, and unless this is all swept away, a new col lege, can only make this confusion worse confounded. To agitate fur a new colli ge, too, would take up the time and means that might be successfully employed in emancipating the profendon from the thraldom of the old ones. To form a new college will be effectu- ally to play the game of the colleges in London, who, with the Universities, would have power enough to prevent the new body from being any boon to the profession, and of fastening on it the badge of inferiority, egaiest which every medical man, with any sense of has own honour, or that of his profession, should struggle to the utmost of his power. The great principles upon which we think all legislation should proceed, and which, we are glad to find, are advocated by Professor STME, are, first, the duty of the government to supply the public with a duly educated body of medical men ; and secondly, the right of all men thus qualified by the government to practise under the name of physician, surg- ou, ceteral practitioner, apo , hecary, or whatever other name they please, ell or any of the branches of the medical profession in every part of the British dominions. These aro our i rinciples. We believe them alike just to the public and the medical profes sion. They admit of immense variety in the detail of their application; but we believe they will bear the test of examination, and must be the sole basis of all attempts to reform the medical profession. FRANCE. PARIS, SATVRDAT. 5.30 P.Y. I believe I can inform you that Baron Gros set out for Greece, on the understanding that immediate orders would be given to Sir William Parker to make no more &inure*, or indulge in any further coercive measures, until it was seen whether the Greek minis try would listen to the advica of France. But it is understood that the British admitsl is not to release the Greek vessels already in his possession, and which are amply sufficient to cover the debt that is claimed. It is said that orders have been sent to the French fleet to return home. _ _ _ The committee charged to examine the bill de manding a credit of five millions for the agricultural colonies of Algeria has approved of all the articles of the government. The reporter has not yet been named. _ Before the debate on the Avignon Railway, another bill of some importance in its results was laid on the table of the Assembly, being a bill to regulate the working of the electric telegraph for priva'e pur poses. The debate on the Mediterranean Railway brought M. Do touchy to the tribune after M. Barthelemy St. Hilaire. To-day it was resumed by M. D. Muachy, who was followed by the Minister of Public Works. _ . . I learn at the latest moment that the Orleanist par liamentary meeting of the Rue de Richelieu have determined by a majority to support the government bill on the mayors. Sir E. Lyon., Minister of England in Switzerland, lest Bate on the 27th ult. for London. Mr. Herrici, secretary of the embassy, was to act as chargé d'affsires daring his absence. SCIIDAT 5.30 PAL Toe deficit of the budget of 1819 is quota d, by the committee of which M. Berryer is the reporter, at 290 millions, which are charged to the floating deb . Though the government had made an economy in 1849 of 60 millions and a half, the committee, present upon that of 1850, a fresh economy of 84,114,897 fr. M. Fould pieced the probable expenditure at 1,311,960,381 francs. The committee fixes it at 1,487,845,487 fr. . . In the war department they have reduced the budget by 11 millions, fixing it at 314,134,348 fr. The effective force of the army being taken at 40n,W0 men. _ _ . The committee have not proposed a reduction of the forcze, bccouse of the present state of France and of Europe, intern..l agitations rendering concentrations of force necessar:, whilst from abroad the increased number of standing armies, and the threatening at titude of certain powers, does not admit of diminution in the resources of the military service. The marine budget is redti' , :ed by 7,877,998 fr. to 115,663,631 fr. 1 hat of foreign affairs, only offers a reduction of a million. It is fixed at 6,984,700. The temporary missions given to members of the Aes:mbly having occasioned a good deal of expense, the committee and the ministry have determin• d in careert to propose that in future a member, on being sent out VI t vraordinary envoy, shall receive an allowance equal to a quarter of his monthly pay, and no expenses of establishment as they are now pair!. In the budget of the interior there is a reduction of 2,435,72.5. The credit of 1,690,000 demanded fur refu ' gees is reduced by 400,i000f. In the metter of rsilways the 29 millions allotted for the Paris and Lyons railway are withdrawn, and the credit is brought down 3.5,665,000 fr. lees The committee not approving of the sys'em of colon:sation in Algeria reduces the credit of 10,900,000 fr. by 5,500.000 fr. Such is in general the statement of expenses put forth by the budget. The Chamb r, however, will probably be less sparing than the committee, and will resume many items quashr.d in the treliminary inquiry. With regard to the expected deficit in the. returns for 1850, the following semi-official statement, extracted from the NapPle,m, will probably be reed with interest: "The minister of finance being calls I before the burlget-committee to decide ulna the bases of the receipts for 1850, declared that he would present no bill for raising new taxes this year, and that ho had the utmost confidence. (il se !malt Art) that 11.! should provide for all the ser vices with the resources contained in the budg without resorting to a loan." M. Berryer's report is specially confined to the budget of expenditure. M. Gouin is to report on that of receipts. It would be impossible, however, for 31. Fould to balance his accounts on the right, were the Assembly to adopt the plan urged by several members of the Assembly, that the state should execute the Mignon and Paris Railway. M. Bineau fixes the deficit of MO at 82 millions, and, even supposing only part of the line to be taken to be knished by the state, that deficit would be greatly increas:d. The Mountain, however, are anxious that the state should preserve the monopoly ,of making railways, and this sentiment is shared iu by many. To-morrow will show what is the moat general opinion when a vote is taken on the Mediter mnian railway bill. The Monitore contains a decree appointing a com mittee for investigating the facts relative to the in come of Louie Philippe's civil list, and the apanages of the house of Orleans. ITALY. We have letters from our correspondents at Rome and Naples to Feb. 24. At Rome" imprisonments still go on upon such a wholioutle wale u to make no one feel sate from the midnight rounds of the shirri." The sculp'or Rinaldi, his family, and the young men who worked in his studio, had been arrested en niase, apparently only because they expressed thernsi-lves somewhat freely on political matters. Dr. Millingen hul been declared by the police to be comprised in the condenited category. By a recent circular go vernment empty*s are prohibited from wearing beards, whiskers, or moustaches, as being republican and revolutionary. The severe restrictions on the press had brought printers into a state of the greatest distress. The re cent appointmeLts in the war department had greatly surprised the public—that of Gen. Kelbermatten, to the ministry of war—he having been accused of em bezzlement to the amount of 80,000 dollars at the commencement of I'io Nono's reign, and removed from utile service in consequence ; that of the ex intendant Cataldi, to his old post; and the restoration of Capt. Pfyffer to the post of captain of the Swiss guard, from which he was dismissed by the Pope on a charge of pecuniary peculation. Nothing was known or expected of the return of his holiness. Letters from Loretto, of the 10th ult., announce that 20 bishops are about to aasemble there for the interests of religion. Amongst them are 12 prelates of the Marshes, of whom four are cardinals, the Archbishop of Urlimo and his six suffragans and the Bishop of Fano. Cardinal Angelis, Archbishop of Fenno, by special appointment of the Pope, is to preside. From Naples we hear that 14,000 Neapolitan troops were shortly to march for the Roman frontier. Mr. Bayard, the young American officer spoken of in our list letter u having been injured by the eruption of Vrenviuts, had died from lock j aw, tertian from the amputation of the injured limb. GERMANY. VIENNA, FEB. 25. I send a letter, written by Count Leiningen to his sister-in-law, on the day after his senterce to b barged had been pronounced by the court-martial at Arad. That sentence was as yet a arcret known only to his judges; and I can conceive nothing more cal culated to set this page of Austrian history in its true moral light than to contemplate side by side on the one hand this natural outpouring of a noble heart, little suspecting the horrible doom so near; and, on the other, the instruments of a treacherous and bloody government getting ready their halters and gibbets. This letter is also the moat effectual answer to those dastardly calumnies which were industri ously circulated Noir at its victims by the organs of the Vienna cabinet. The lady to whom the letter is address.d is the sister of Count Leiningen's widow, and the wile of Colonel liohonesy, who escaped indeed with his life, but has been immured in a fortress, where he is condemned to pine for eighteen years. " Dear, kind Clara,—Your tidings about my little girl tranquillised me not a little; for although Lisa (his wife), in her last letter, gave me a comforting ac count of her, I fancied that she kept back somewhat of the truth to avoid incressirg my anxiety. I am, notwithstanding, still uneasy about the poor little thing. Her health was always weak; and the mine I clung to the child, the more anxiously I watched her slow thriving. When I left my family, I had the best hopes, for my darling was then well and blooming, and began even to wax strong; and now fresh attacks of illness shatter her delicate frame, and awake in are once more all my old apprehensions. If the tendance of a mother full of love avail, with God's help she will recover. " Yesterday the court-martial eat, and my sentence among others was pronounced. The nature of it is known only to the judges; but, according to the letter of the law, it can only be a sentence of death. "You are right, dear Clara, in supposing that I can bear willingly to be talked to about the doom which perhaps awaits me. In twenty battles I have looked death in the face, in the last (God forgive me!) I sought it. During six weeks I have had time enough to prepare for it ; and stood I alone, had I no family, I would even bid it welcome. Twice only during my imprisonment was I overcome by anguish, and then it wrung from me bitter tears. Once I wept about my little girl ; and the other time when I was judicially examined on account of that newspaper article. I had been long prepared ; and yet when that slanderous letter in the Allgemeine Zeiltew was read before me, my firmness abandoned me, pain and indignation hook me like a fever, and five minutes elapsed before I could utter a word. At the court-martial I asked the auditor if I could hope to see myself quickly cleared in this matter. He answered, " There is not a mem ber e f the court who gives credit to the article, which is besides anonymous ; neither will it exercise the smallest influence upon your trial." I can say truly that I have in the course of the war saved many hundreds of Austrians, among whom not a few were officers. No one towards his soldiers was so strict as I. Once, at Szolnok, I clove the skull of an Hence, who was about to shoot a Grenztr begging quarter on his knees : yet was my good name not safe from so abominable a defamation, but branded before all Europe. My nerves are tot weak but they were ohaken by this foul calumny : and it cost me come right heavy days. I am now, I thank God, become as a stone to s. If and to the world: and fate bring wall it may, will find me armed. You think, were I restored to freedom, that I *herald become purer and better. We protestants, alb, we hale nu purgatory, believe that God lays upon us trisls, in which our moral strength must bear us up, in order that we may deserve his grace. I con sider in this light my present situation, and I can assure you that the sehrol of bitter undeeeptions has not passed over me without leaving some trcce. Pt r haps you are rig!.t, and I trust that I shall be a better man than heretofore. " All your hopes of amnesty have already occupied us here. It seems, indeed, probable that, after ele mercy has been shown in Italy, and even toward■ Peterwardcin, the whole severity of the law w'll not b • visited upon us alone. lot 1 count upon nothil,g, and make to myself no illusi ms. For myself, I have no further solicitude, no further hopes or wishes ; but I am beset with care and pain for the lot of those who belong to me. If I must die. I will die in the creed of my fathers, and with the courage of a Leicia gen ; if I am set at liberty, there will breathe no hap pier man, nor any more thankful to God. " You ask if your letters are agreeable to me. Can you dquht it? Wri'e, write long letters, each letter id a day lived happily through, fit o::e reads and reads again to devour the expressions of affection, which smile serenely upon the solitude of a prison. If I do not always answer, or answer briefly, at:" writs to me, dear Clara, u often as you have tine to busy yourse lf: with me. " Meanwhile, I am not usually so lonely as you think. Thoughts of whom I love keep me company, and their images stand even before me ; end then the remembrance s of en ever memorable year, which I am endeavouring to fix on paper, occupy (iv:. My day begins at 7 and closes at 9: and so s dicitous am I about accurst: ly observing the apportionment of time which I give to my several occupations, from bru.hing my clothes (which I do, not from want of service, hut of my own will) up to reading, thinking, and writing, that hitherto I hive kept ennui ut a distance. " May God protect - you with his all-powerful arm, and dictate to you right many letters for your bro•ht r in-law CHARLES. " Fortress of Arad, Sept. 27, IS-19. P.S. I have yet one more petition to make, dear Clara. Write to me nothing of doubt and distrust against Girgey; for thereby you doubt me. Leave me my belief in the great character of this man. I may be mistaken in him, but it gives me pain to hem. aught to his disadvantage." Feu 24. Your readers will remember that Liew.-Geriera 1 Count Lemberg, who was charged with full powers by the Emperor Ferdinand, was assailed by a furious mob on the bridge at Peeth, and that he perished pierced with wounds. This lamentable event. which was attributed to the Magyar party, took place in the month of September, 1818 ; and must Lice made sufficient noise at the time to be still in the rceollce- Boa of your readers. One of the murderers, named Kolosy, a Wallachian, was executed three weeks ago. The proceedings at his trial, which should have been published. heev.e remained a secret, and the authori ties only inform the public that the confessions made by the condemned charge—Koseuth, the scale. goat emissary, with having. arranged the whole affair. However reepectab'e is this allegation of the Austrian au•horities, it is not sufli ient for the public, who are accustomed to such charges, and therefore require somewhat better of proof of hie guilt. Two or three months after the murder of Count Lemberg, another, and equally horrible assassination was committed in Selavonia which has been concealed with the gr. atest possible care. The victim on that occasion was a Count Elz, a member of a very noble Bavarian family, and the son-in-law of Count l'ejacr rich, a Hungarian Magnate. Count Elz lived upon his property close to &leek, and bad remained a perfect stranger to the political agitations in Hungary ; if he possessed any political opinions at all—which is held to be doubtful—they most have been similar to those entertained by the other members of his family, nearly all of whom belong to the imperial party, to the cause of order and legitimacy, to the honest men, the men of moderation, as the Austrians pleasantly style themselves, while they are hanging and shooting their fellow men by the dozen. This Count Elz, how ever, became suspected, pcsalibly because ho abstained from all interference in political matters. Hie cheteau was invaded one day by the imperial " 0 ren zee?' whom.. Croatian or Wallachian soldiers employed in guarding the frontiers : they seized upon the count's papers, without, however, discovering even the shadow of I culpability. Neverthelcea, he was seized and hurried 1 into the garden by these infamous soldiers, and there I exposed to a cross fire, under the eyes of a major and I several other officers. The count, however, stil breathed, when one of the monsters stifled him by forcing a handful of tobacco down his throat. This murder by regular troops of the Austrian army, of a peaceful and inoffensive man has not been revenged, nor will it be, because it is not a political ,question. The young Countess Els has retired with her two children to Munich, where the relations of her murdered husband reside. In the past week three prisoners esasped from thtir confinement in Presburg. Two have been re taken; they were both majors in the Hungarian army, but it is said Prussians by birth. This attempt has been punis'ied with fifty blows with leather thongs : hazel sticks being reserved exclusively for the bentfit of the imperial troops. The Prefiburg municipality has just ascertained the number of troops who have been lodged and boarded in that town since the entry of Windiechgratz on the 18th December, 1848, until the let January, 1850—a period of one year and thirteen days. Tue figures are rather curious: -116,119 officers; 1,341,907 soldiers of all kinds ; 339,136 horses. Cameral Montenuoro, the s:n of Marie Louise, is about to marry the daughter of Count Batthyanyi. The general is a knigh; of Malta, but not wishing to remain celibate, he has paid 10,000 fl,rios to the church for a dispensation. Moliere says :—" 11 cat cute !e del des accomodemene." BERLIN, FEB. 28. It is stated to-day on very good authority that large bodies of Hu+sian troops are assembling at Goiter in order to occupy Transylvania. Vollpracht, the Nassau plenipotentiary of the Ver waltungs-rath, set out to-day upon his important mire sion to Schleswig. Ho is accompanied by Csptain Hartmann, whose voluminous report open the state of the duchy has been already laid before the cabinet, and who is now destined to act as eclaireur to Voll pracht. MARCII 2.—Voluntary Loon, 104. Natlonia Debt, 69 Bank Nhare!. _ — iiiTes;;:,l;6:23.—Five per Centp. Metalliques. 911. Pour Ditto, rs. Back Shares, 1130. hzebange on Frsiiktort, 114. SMILESWIO HOLSTEIN. The Cologne Gazette of Saturday publishes, in a telegraphic message from Berlin, a report that the armistice is to be prolonged. GREECE. The Courtier d'Atle , n,s, of the 18th te.t., puts as in posasasion ' amongst others, of a copy of the follow ing note, doted Feb. 9, and addressed by Sir Thos. Wyse to M. London : fhe undenigned has the honour to announce to !d Lmdoe, that he has transmitted to the British government a ropy of the note addressed to him by M. Glarakie, on the 17th (29th) Nov., 1819, in reply to the cute of the undersigned, of the 19th July last, es well es others of Sir E lmund Lyons, dated the 27th October, 1839, 23rd Sep., 1841, 14th Sep., 1843, and 13th March, 1819, all of which contained repr...eentations to the Greek goverumset on the subject of acts committed by per sons who pretended to be employed by that government on the islands Cervi and Sspienas, in violation of the rights of sovereignty exercised over those islands by the looiau state to which they belong. By a despa•ch from Viscount Palmerston, principal Secre tary for Foreign Affairs, dated the 24th January, 1830, and received on the 7th instant, the undersigned was enjoined to inform M. Landes, that previous he the date of the note of M. Glarakis of the 17th (29th) Nov. 1849, the British go vernmeut hmitg seen the necessity of at once protecting the lonian territory against a recurrence of proceedings so un jut,tilittble as those which took place when the lonian pri soners were set at liberty at Cervi in the mow h of February, 1849, bad given orders for measures to be taken for the removal of all foreign intruders, not being subjects of the I oni tn State. And, in fact, taking into consideration that the Greek government has not only not replied fur severs! .. - years to th;dillerent letters above ['unarms , bat that it has even denied their reccptirm, M. Loudos canna be surprised that the British goverfoneat sheold at !act fed the Oil gation of itse:f proceed': u (Head the rights confided to the pr tectiin of Great Britain. I. re ult., however, at thl prusent moment, from the note of M. Glaraki., dated the I;th ( . 29th) Nov., that, persuaded that the pe nt:µl stipula , aons by whim the extent of use terri torial rights of the lonian State has been defined and hut!, are found in the treaty concluded in 179 T at C tmpo Formic, between Aus'ria and France, as well as in those signed in 14199 and 178 at Carlambi and Pilaw oWitsbe tween the Porte and Venice, the Greek government main taiw the lonian stale can only pretend to the islands which belon.-,ed toVenice previous to Las 3 the period at which the war began which terminated with the treaty of Carl ,wits. The uaidersigced hat been direct dto n ply to M. LJudos th it the tits' in virtue of which the lonian state possesses the islands of Cervi and Sapienza, as well as the other small islands which are equally di pendent on the seven principal islands of the lonian state is founded net on the treaties of Campo Formic, Carlowitz, ante Pallelf3WitZ, but rather upon the treaty signed at istii on the 51 NOT., 1815, be tween Greet Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia ; and that the only other treaty which Great Britain can recognise to I contain a descril.tion of the lonian State and its dependencies is that which was concluded in 1800 between Hama and the Part*, which describes the islands in the following tartar The i.buids of Corfu, Zante, Cephalonia, Santa lieu's, Ithaca ' Paz., and Certro, and all the large and small islands inhabtad sad uoithAiited situated opposite the coasts of the Mona aLd Albania, which have been detached from Vienna, and which have just been conquered." It is by virtue of the a' Ova mentioned treaty, and of the special guarantee of Russia, that the septineultir republic was organised, and its constitution established, and that the sups me legislative to dy nf that republic undertook in 1804 to determine the principal unmade to which the smaller ones which are particularly mentioned in the treaty of 'WO should be particularly annexed. la consequence, the lonian legislative body declared, by its set of the 22nd January, !MA, let, that the 'mall islands of Strivoli, Itarathonisi, Peluso, Prentauove, Prodano, Sapietzt, Porto-Selinari, Venetia, and all the others scattered about the sea as tar as Cape Gallo, should belong seed should be morally and politically united to the island ot Zsnte. godly. Teat the small .islands inhabited and uninhabited of Cerigcno, Poro, Paretto, Dragonern Cervi, and all the others between Cape S. Angelo and Caron, should belong and should be morally and politically united to the island of Cerigo. _ . U at when Thai re n ,by virtue of. the treaty of 1815, became the protector of the lonian State, it found the islands of B.pienza and Creel united to Z ante and Cerigo by a formal and public act of the septinsetar rerubhc, and Great Britain is consequently bnuid to maintain intact the state of the territorial possessions of the lonian Islands such as it wu when those islands were committed toits charge by the treaty of 1815. The undersigned must further inform the Greek govern. meat, that in 1819 the Porte, the incontestable sovereign of the territory whi.th now forms the kingdom of Greece, for mally joined the treaty of 1815, by au act of ratiticei ni, signed at Canatantinopla on the 21 . 1 e April, 1819. It steno, however, that the Greek govereuent pretends that SAO. enza and C. rvi continued to de cecui ied by the Porte until the peel .d of the independence of Li.eece ; thet those islands were occupied by the tintk a,.Tcrnatt nt ether that p•rio •, and the they are therefore included in the territory assigned to the kingdom of Greece. The undersigne,: must declure in reply, that both Sa pienza and Cerei were inspected by the lonian authorities in 1817 and loved un i n h a bit e d , and that whin Sir Henry Wsrd, the present Lord High Commismoner of the lonian Islands, visited theseme islands in the course of the summer of 1549, the former remained uninrr.t cd, while in Carl there was only one house and 50 inbabi ants scattered 'Woad and living in trnparary dwelling. But it subjects of the P or te or of the thug ot Greece hive ever occupied tither the one or the other of these islands, they have in doing so committed an act of aggression on the lonian territory. While to the assertion of M. Glarakis, is which he invokes the treaty which tstablishe I the independence of Greece, and fixed the limits o' this; kingdom, the under signed bogs to remind M. Londos that the insular limits of Greece were defined by the protoc 1 of the conference held in London of the 3rd ot Februm , 1830, which alter havios t:estrilcd a northern line of demarcation for the continental portion of the Greek kingdom, and after having established that "all the territoros and coun•ries situated to the south of this line shall consinue to term a port of the 01 man empire," mu:dudes by enumerating and specifying the blends which ought to be long to the kingdom ot Greece in the fAlowing terms: " There shall equally b, long to Greece, the whole of the island of Negropont, with the islands cf Brads and Skyro, and the islands former 4 kn.,wn as the Cyclades, comprising therein the island of Ateereo." It is evident therefive, that no island, except t'sese which have been thus specified, could ever be clots:aid by virtue of the treaty, as belonging to the kingdom ot Grerco. Tho undersigned has Wither been &sired to declare to M. Londoe that the Gee , k g ,virnment is not authoric d by any treaty or existing public net to claim the islands of Sapiens& and Cervi, and that it is incontis'ably proved by the treaties of 1815 and 1810, mentioned above, as well as by the act of the Septiosular it: public of 1814, that this« two islands belong to the lonian S:rte. In mending this communication, the undersigned can only point to the consideration and ri erect which the Waist. government have shown towards that of Green', in the manner of treating this goes ion; and must express a fear that the British gov.rnment may he (nue o offended by the manner in which the Wet k government has chosen to re ply. In a pointed exposit, which the undersigned must considir, though with great rionstnatim, on emanating from the Minister of Foreign Abhors in Greece, it has been sought to create the belief that the British government had neglected to take into consideration Mons. Glarakis's note of the 17th and 29,k November, _ . 18t9, and that it had p, reaiptorily insisted on this , question being terminated et the same time with them. mentioned M the note which the undersicued ad Ire , sed to M. Loniles on the 5 (17th) of January, 1850, and the British government will be the m, re alto, nhed at this beesu•e the underigned had given the moit particular etre to the note al luded to to centime his demand to the men reparation of the injustice and inju jet indicted in Oreeee ou English and lonian subjects, and to recall the Week go vernment (as had been dot.. in several other former occasions) in determining those claims in the note of Sir M. Lyons to M. e , Iveetroni dated the 6th December, 1848. It would be useless therefore to observe to M. Londe. that the occupation of the uninhabited lolanda of esmi and Sapienza does not constitute " an liGAIltiC4l Or an it jury it fliettl in Green, otitTglisi t . -----7— , r /,7: ----- --- 1 su,i, e .,"", and that the note of Si r E. Lyme, dated thfiGth Li 1849, does not contain the slightest allusio n to atom W 6.4. had ! welt an allusion w oild live laven impossible, be e ,,,. t :1 note was entirely devoted .to questions on whit:fu el .; sentations ha l bet n eubmitted . t* the Greek im.,,,,,,* niont hy order iil the Britieh covernecsat, s i ,,, t. ,.. erne at the period when it was winter' no e m ., amigo/don whatever . had been mae . by order of Ike British government with respect to the islands ol Cori a s 4 Sapienza. On th 4 contrary, the Brisiik g av erceeent lisi waited with unexampled patience fn a repla t r (ht& government to the representationr of the Brhin a.eei, 4 , 4 4 Athens; and it a onirld!fl the lapse of ntsrly elev.. ),;., —the date of Sir B. Lyons' Ar t nen to E. 7. m ile r tires the 15th (Wilt) Oc eh, r, 13:0—ic. e , a. ~ r L. c., le . • all hone, that the British government . erjoinarl i t, tr t tog . tient. the to a d dr.catzwinnication in its name to the Greek ovens ent nn the sulleet of the Wiese, ~..t „ ,, and :Sapienz a, cad it was on.y seven month' sutra p aer .", the date of the titer-menu nod nets of thi i qui beim", 1849, that the under s ign e d wrote to M . Gterekia :re roi. ,; the 19th July, and in which he demanded the evan l . 's these islands. The undersigned, dn. (Signed) Toes. Wt z. WEST INDIA AND PACIFIe MAI LS. The royal mail steamer Severn, Cp'ain arrived at Soothe pt•lu uu b...turtihr regh•. act landed her mails in ci:nr e e rf Li eut. Nt lies, lt.X time t. 3 ho dehpatelled to Loodou by au• The Seven has made the quickest ram age h„, C ,h h e a i T a ft e t. °ft i c v e k r nown. re n the litr wails Bth inst. w il e e r r e Chagres, Jan. 28; HILVIIII, 2 ; arc y Towr, :1; M irtha, 19 ; Bins Fields, 23; Carthagena, :;; ; j, maica, Feb. 7; St. Jagu de Cuba, h; Trinidad, 6; R.rtadoes, 9 ; Antigun, 10; Nlaci t ,„ l .: 10; Grenada, 7; Porto Rico, 12 ; S. Home., La Gasyri, 6; Porto Cabello, 3; Fai a!, 2.7,. e ca r u n e ta " , 2 2 n14 2 3 1 ,67 ; 2 ca, of o t o i f: h g 4 o 2 l 2 d e 6 „ d i : 11 , , n o t f 7p f s " 1,409, 308 dollars; 12 tierces of todee, ditto; 12 turtle; 112 bales of sarsapar:.l.; 1.4 of indigo; t of euvmdes. Toe Severn brought home 26 passengers. On the 6th of Fi henry H.M.S. Weliesiey, Admr the Earl of Dundocild, Alum and Plumper. were L Trinidad, the letter having arrived that day Berromla with despitz:h.s for the Admiral. 'l*.‘ squadron was to eta tar Ilavana en the 7th. On 7th the Vixen was at Jamaica waiting the arrival o: the Admiral. The English squad on, under Admir.t. llornh3, in the Pacific, w,s Lt et d Va . paraiso durir g the month of Joiu,rj. Tbe F. ee cr y American, Spavish, end Dutch squad: ots were aii;mentir..", and visiting tne colonies to ascertain the real efiLts cf reciprocity on navigation laws. toe]' ~`~ Her lkl;jeaty's Sapphs, -rer t 11-11- few months ago, having rr paired datn:-..t , -4 at B sailed ;nom thence for Jamaica oat:., I t Jar and had nut arrivA there wl.eutbe ern 7th Februery.Considerable alarm Wi..l t:lt of ter arrival. The mail pack-t, Tilamt s, WC gone • Gulph. The Teviut bid not rE turn( d Lusk.. Havana, having had to wait tiler? ter tae mails. The Tay was spoken MI Porto it-co, o 12th inst., en route to Jamaica. The I)otch free ports nave ore.he'! a hri-lc round the Horn to Batavia; sever, 1) .teh ho ••,:- already engaged in a lucrative traffic with c, cargo and pr-s.ugers from Ii enwo end ports, first calling at Sacramento, taking fr,i;%. to Valparaiso and Callao, thence to Cling. and to Europe, doubling blth capes in le-s than month.. Bagota emir , as was to rce.t on the 1= 1 One of the first projects of the gusernmec• 5,.. expel the Jessite. At Lima the elections were commtr. was ralier dull. It is calculated that abut a third par lation have been destroyed at Carth:,:z(i It has now completely ceased ravaging the chores of the Mngdal , r.a. AC Cala trade is brisk. Cukee .; r great hopes are, however, eLtertained At Chagas three American steamers were wi arrivals from California. While the Severn Jamaica, the Cher.kee put in there to c“, way to New York, she tad on board 4.; p l . and 123,0410 dol'ars on fieight, bzsitics amount, the property of several of the l . It was expected that she would arrive at 7t. place on the 11th, and sail again for Cuagr• s 13th, where there was already ent.aw,l, and money paid, 230 passengers to Stw Yurk The Severn spoke at Havana on CI a United States war steam pseket, wi a and bearing a government naval agent first scent of the I'resiller.7's ttA,-t:; with whom the lest ye ar's ix.porti fr,,ra :he States exc.eded millice..s et do i pe 2nd J 1 n. a p :•. English ships, wteu they abandoned by the crews. peen for the Puffin trade. Oar ..! a:nen are Lo sethiog and gettit4 sa.nie tuip! tr....• in the Cb Oregon, Callao, IA roaring :tads, and ate rere - e from 100 to 120 dotlars er mor:!1, at,d a ports, such as Va pstaiso an i prr day harbour wag. s. these facts beams wclllttir,wn, a Ll 'Allen tt,e r ing of the Isthmus pas , age..i h. r :ha: ~t th, Pa Nicaragua. cr Tehnah.-: to,To, place, a: trade on the Pae.ti! ci..e beeoutts Ge‘eosp. we shall lase al; our nt, r =un s. ani?n Cr.' be:ter laid, bet •er fed. und b.t t. ri cad. The real ciurftmon tree is repotted to hto found growing on the m. u. tai:;3 f Jsina'et Icompany of enterprising Aruer:.-.its have cent working the c pper mines reeottl discoved island. 11 scoveries seem to bo tlaCy ethic of this fertile island, and that Nktil, cal labour are only required to develope i's treasures. ruuLa the 11 , - 't.are the I and The M. x'can and otl.cr repo' lies o f cectr I.A are getting jealous of Am .:teen i , is Isthmus and Pacific side. A pJA ecu: soon be requisite to gu .rd tau 7:1,t .rtasurt:. now cross the Isthmus. Abut ree l• looking fellows Mlle d byrn to t'lLezres in roket steamer from New York, armed w.:a knives, revolvers, r & s. en to nia. They mutinied on board the ,'ea'::. r. passed the treasure (nearly a mil ion dollars) brought ho ae by the S.l%rtt, cr. down to Chagr s, without suspeetii.4 W. treasure was in the baats b bey the -, .Cs %V sealed front the Amerie ins by pers.sis . • - clothes and bedding cn the Ths convoy was c‘empletely had been made. Two of the mu..•• L.. the spode. in passing. the n;1 but fortunately were reetvered. st.d. still, they did Lot fall into the 17in 1...1 loafers. It is not likely Ow letter California seeking gold if they krica could have obtained the du t it. At Antigua the dieagreetn"at bet we. a :he and Assembly had been terminated by the r. duction of a tariff bill, having respect 11 the I. reeommerdation of a ddeien , isl duty et pe on rained sugar made front ths ! gothic , ' Of e. colonies. In this new tariff the ditties have 1 ctnsiderably increased, with Sire of met the surplus expenditure. la e nsequcnee of deplorable state of strain, i rrat, from the prevalence of Altai:lees. the Assonil‘. Antigua had voted 20N. from the pubiie treai for the assistance of that isl end. Several ease small-p-ex had occurred in Antigua. At Montserrat the mortality front stria:ilea stated to be five or six per diem. There were 22 square rive''. vessels Irene I at lying at Martinique to receive cargo. It: L anes:. t ee s dull, but the work of tte plantations was lamer.:' as satisfactorily as could be expeeted. The island of Grenade is said to be free (fOrtl small-pox. A new supply of laheareis arrived, and in all :t,, had been re.aived dam; space of six weeks. Front Valparaiso dates are to the :fifth of Preimber. The markets remained dull and oveistoeked. the in portations still exeeeding both consumption and ce portation. Excepting b.r copper, dour, and no sales of importance had taken One. Consiel.rh:o shipments of bar copper were lietng madcoe, h. the United States and to England,d, whilst mae. 'Tis remained unsaleable, owing t o the existire hrs” . duties, which, if abolished, would ooen to the g a i ot a h b t : a l l t e t . r u4 , , ihiruesource fresh v aavr r i o t . n t , f6 : gr a i . e I n t e f x • r eift :r o t aboutb hts to e n. gt:,:c°nlideredirleb;gnuere:".ed; rr r had decreased, and, if arrivals should not take F4Ol .1 11..,. :1