The Express. — London, England, 1855-07-28 00:00:00

et, exOTeelso* 1v cvna aor vi iteettlementelateaded tor "TN Tomsk , Landow Zombi/ bspr, slim be lit the 011110. 10, Bouvorliowaio; by Two o'olook ow tbo -ay q; publication'. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tw D t T-13/raiag. Ob. 44n Ltletwob. lh. 13a. 10-xsabow—liarsiag, lb. 42 Anatomy 31. 10. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 28. Tut newly-appointed Secretary for the Colonies wean-elected yesterday member for Southwark with out opposition. Whatever disposition may have been entertained by a certain portion of the constituency to originate a contest far the borough, no evidence was given that any other individual was willing to incur the heavy expense which would thereby have been incurred. It has become part and parcel of the electoral system that has grown up under the Reform Act of 1832 that few large towns or counties can be contested without the expenditure on each side of several thousand pounds. Witness Marylebone, where the pecuniary condition is so well understood that,upon the last vacancy,a sort of auction wee held, at which all candidates were at once disallowed who refused to submit to be lavishly plundered, and where, in the sequel, it appeared by the official re turn that Lord EBRINOTON was fleeced to the amount of upwards of 5,0001., while Mr. BELL was mulcted in a sum considerably exceeding 3,0001. The Metropolitan boroughs, we regret to say, are conspicuous in this degrading species of tolerated extortion, by which a congeries of petty cliques and cabals contrive to Nam their own objects at the ex pense of the members, and to the loss or abridgment of the power of selection on the part of the consti tuency. How far considerations of cost may have contributed to save Sir WILLIAM MOLE/IN/101TH the trouble of an opposition, we cannot undertake to say. Neither Sir (Auntie Nszitt nor Mr. ILtatitrote, who were proposed and seconded u competitors, appear to have had any relish for an expensive contest, in the face of an impending dissolution ; and we should have been very much sur prised if either of them had. Perhaps we are in debted, however, in some degree to their formal no mination at the hustings for the more than usual frankness of speech in which the re-elected member appealed to the electors for a renewal of their confi dence. The new SECRETAILT of STATE repeated without omission or reservation his old contusion of faith. He was still, as formerly, he declared, in favour of suffrage extension, vote by ballot, abolition of church rates, and religious equality. Free trade and colo nial self-rule were, In addition, thrown in as make weight in the scale we must presume; for, se they are; no logger contested by anybody that we know of, the right hon. baronet might nearly as well have made a solemn protestation in favour of the abolition of slivery, or catholic emancipation. But enough remains of unrealised good to form the staple of *evertl exoellent pledges ; and, as far as his own votes in the Home of Commons are concerned, we are bound to admit that Sir WILLIAM has hitherto acted op to the principles he has always professed to hold. It was not to be expected that upon these topics he would say more than what could cot with decency be avoided ; so we are left as much in the dark as before on the somewhat interesting subject of the probability of any progress being made during the existence of the present administration towards the legislative adoption of all or any of Sir WILLIAM'S hustings principles. In the Conserve tire Cabinet of which he is a member they ars probably never named. The representative of Southwark raises his head aloft, conscious that he has been placed there to serve u an electric rod to catch any lightning that may be in the air, and con duct it harmlessly downwards. But for such ar rangements, the crazy edifice of administrative oligarchy would be in most imminent danger of being rent and shattered. In a word, reform in Church and State is contraband in the cabinet, while liberty of unavailing speech is permitted to one individual member in his place in parliament or on the hustings. On the most engrossing topic of the day it must be owned, however, that Sir WILLIAM MOLESWORTH has undertaken to speak not only for himself but for his colleagues. On the subject of the war and the recent propositions for peace he hu not minced matters. Re declares not only that he himself wu one of thou who supported the Premier in the rejection of the latter, but he has given an unqualified pledge that the present Government will sever compromise the quarrel in which we are en gaged, or agree to terms of accommodation, until Russia shall have been disabled for purposes of ag gression upon her weaker neighbours. "We in tended," says the right hon. baronet, "to strike our adversary such a body-blow as would compel her to abandon her designs upon the Ottoman dominions." We are very glad to hear, upon such high authority, that this intention has not been relinquished; but u it must be admitted that no such blow has yet been struck, notwithstanding the unlimited power to do so with which Government bas been invested, it is very desirable that no further time should be lost in parley ings, potteringe, or postponements. Assuming that Sir WILLIAM MOLESWORTiI has spoken the sentiments of the Cabinet, there can no longer be any excuse for hesitation or indecision. We know that within the last two months Ministers were debating whe ther Russia might not be spared the infliction of a " body-blow," and whether peace might not be made without the reduction of Sebastopol. But, after such a declaration on the part of himself and his col leagues by a Secretary of State, it must be inferred that Government have at length made up their minds to fling away the scabbard and to put forth at last the national energies which timid counsels have hitherto restrained. If henceforth we are doomed to witness a continuance of the half mea sures and abortive efforts of which the country ie so thoroughly sick and so thoroughly ashamed, Ministers will stand more than ever self-condemned. They now confess that there I. no alternative but to compel submission on the part of the foe ; that there is no escape from national detriment and die grace, but in a striking and decisive victory. If a secondautumn is permitted to pass as a seoondsummse bas been, without even an attempt to accomplish any thing in the Baltic, what account will Ministers have to render when Parliament meets, as meet it must, in the month of November next ? It will not then do for Sir Chows OUT and Sir CHARLES WOOD, and Sir Coinzwau. Lawn, to pretend that they were no parties to the solemn pledge given in their name by their brother baronet. Peers are unaccountable and irresponsible creatures, from whom it is not easy to exact any account. But members of the Lower Hones who happen to be Ministers are not so eating; exempt from ;weeded responsibility. Indepeadent constituents they may not have, bat to Parliament and to public opinion they may be made amenable ; and we are much mistaken if, by the time another three mouths of national tantalisation shall hays m aim& either Parliareest or the public will be in any THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 28, 1855. stood to be trifled with or quibbled with on this ali important question. It is the last tine of asking— if say friends of Austrian compromise still letit in Dowsing-street, let them speak now or weer'after , hold their peace. It will go ill with them and all who hold by them, if another campaign thitoid k and in nothing. Mystirraas assure nu that they are profoundly impaired with a sense of the importance of checking the Russian roamer on the Anatolian frontier, aced relieving Yarn. Last year they sad the 1141.. &boat the Danube and Silistria. But though French and English troops were at Gallipoli, Scutari, and Vaasa, during the stage of Silistria, they made no effort to relieve it. The Turkish army alone protected the line of the Danube, held Silistria, and finally compelled the Russians to retreat. But Anatolia. in 1835 is very differently circumstanced from Bulgaria in 1854; and while there is too much reason to fear that the Turkish army of Anatolia has not been materially improved since last year, it is certain that the army under OMER PACHA has been materially deteriorated by the removal of its best officers, in deference to the representations of the Austrian Government. In 1854, the Ilia of the Turkish forces were opposed to the Russians on the Danube ; in 1855 the most inefficient of the Turkish forces are opposed to the Russians on the Anatolian frontier. In 1834 the French and English armies were encamped within hail of Bilistria ; in 1855 the French and English armies are in the Crimea, with work enough on their hands, and Oxita PACRA is there also. From Varna to Siliatria was a short march through a practicable country; from Trebi sond or Bata= to Kars or Erzeroum the route lies across one of the most difficult countries in the world. Some time ago there was a prospect that the Turkish army in Ana tolia would this year outnumber the Row= army opposed to it. Troops had been withdrawn from Georgia to strengthen the Russians in the Crimea, and our successes in the Bea of &off pre sented an opportunity of intercepting the communica tions of the Transcaucasian army of the CZAR with Russia. But the soccer.e in the Bea of Azoff have not been earnestly followed up, and the treacherous game which Austria has been enabled to play by our unaccountable diplomacy, has put it in the power of the CZAR to mend reinforcements to Georgia as well uto the Crimea. Lord CURZNDON talks big about what has been effected by General WILLIAMS; we believe that whatever man can do will be done by that gallant officer, but what can one man do in the 1 we have been describing P The position of Turkey on its Anatolian frontier is perilous in the extreme. The Rolleillin are in force within one hour's march of Bare, and they have cut off the communications of thatfortnis with Erseroum. Hopes have been attempted to be built on a pause in the Russian operations, which was at first menda ciously represented as a retreat. It seems obvious enough that the Bambino are only waiting for the arrival of their heavy siege artillery, which has been delayed by the weather. In the mean time they are muter. of the high road from their own frontier to the gates of Erse room. Even though they should not attempt the siege of Kars they can hold its garrison in check and over-run the whole country between Erzeroum and Bajazid with their light troop.. The high road of commerce, from Trebizond to Persia and Bagdad, is closed against the traders of Turkey and Western Humps : for what sane merchant would attempt to amid his goods—especially at a moment like the pee- sent—through the country of the Kurdish tribes P French and English navies blockade all the coasts of Russia in the White Sea, the Baltic, and the Enzine, and drive the commerce of Russia from the seas ; but the Allies are unable to prevent the Russians from stopping almost the whole commerce of Europe with Persia, Central Asia, and great part of Mesopotamia. This may be no very severe blow to the aggregate commerce of France and England, but it will be severely felt by many individuals in both countries. And then there is the disgrace of being so checked, which always tells for something in war. The Russian Government will now be enabled temporarily ,to appease the storm of discontent that is rising throughout the empire, by persuading its subjects that if their commerce suffers in certain quarters from the Allies, the commerce of France and Eng land suffers, in return, in other quarters, from the armies of Russia. It would seem as if all the energy the Allies have to spare had of late been concentrated in the Crimea. We are not of those who disapprove of the expedition against Sebastopol; what we complain of is, that that expedition was undertaken without due precau tions to ascertain beforehand how arduous it really was, and without due preparation for conducting it on a Neale commensurate to its difficulty in the event that the attempt at a surprise and a coup de main should fail. But what we complain of still more is the decep tive attempt to concentrate the whole attention of the public upon the Crimea to the exclusion of other equally important operations of the war. Frame and England undertook to assist Turkey in guarding the whole of its territory against Russia. The expedition to the Crimea, and the demon strations in the Baltic and the Black Bea were undertaken with a view to diminish the pressure on the Turkish frontiers, by giving Russia work to do at home. We are not going to ask at present with what degree of energy the Crimean expedition has been conducted; but assuredly the demonstration in the White Sea is as great a farce as last year's operations in the North Pacific; and the mighty armament in the Baltic has not been turned to such account u seriously to alarm Russia in that quarter. In the meantime the frontier of Asiatic Turkey, towards that of Russia, has been inadequately protected, while the friendly demeanour of Austria has encouraged the Russian Government almost entirely to denude its Polish and Bessarabian frontiers of troops for the purpose of seeding them to the Crimea and Georgia. Such a mode of carrying on the war against Ramie has more the appearance of seeking to gain some dazzling though isolated and barren victory, and taking advantage of the popular elation to terminate the war anyhow, than of aiming, with statesmanlike forecast and comprehensiveness so to weaken Russia u to place Europe, for a long tract of years, in security spinet her machinations. ZOt Court. OSBORNE, JoLT 27. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Helena, drcrve eat Is an open carriage yesterday. Prince Albert rods on horseback with the Princes Royal.' The Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred went oat males, attended by Mr. Gibbs. Despatches fres the Governer of the Cape of Good Hope were received yesterday at the Colonial-Aloe. Despatches were sent lest evening to the Governor of Carted& The Judicial Committee of the Privy Couch sat yellow. day; the blockade ease, "The Franeiska v. the Johanaa Maria," from the High Court of Admiralty, was rammed. The appeal was adjourned. It is stated in a private letter from Vienna, that a pronieg appeal has lately been adhered by the Eames- Mother of Raclin to the AndoMattel Sophie, mother of the reigning Emperor of Austria, withering her, by the reed- Medal of forum 101TiOIN rendered by the Emperor Nicholas to Asserts, to make Ametria maintain the rroporiticisa of Gout Baal at the late CoMenace. LATEST FROM. ABROAD. THE BALTIC. (rum ova clot ocauusroxmorm) DANTZIC, 7111*T. • The Lightning has arrived from the Beet. The latter has been reinforced. bat nothingnf importance had taken plies. The order to attack Bevel was still looked for. NYBORG, FRIDAY. The French war steamers Aigrette, Fahaunts, Drawoone, and Abaranehe, arrived to-day, and pro ceeded to Kiel. EBLIGOLAND, FRIDAY. The immediate construction of a citadel is intended. The plans and estimates have been seat to London. GERMANY. FRANKFORT, TavuDaT. The Diet accepted to-day the Austrian proposal as brought before it on the 19th instant, with the additional three points proposed by Prussia. THE RUSSIAN ASIATIC CAMPAIGN. (From yesterday's Masiteur.) ERZEROTJM, JULY 3. Mehemet Pachs, Governor-General of the province of Erzeroum, left this city on the 27th tilt, at the head of 800 regular troops and 400 irregular volun teers. His intention was to push forward, so as to take up a position in which he might retard the ad vance of the enemy from Kars to Erzeroom, and give time to Herons Pacha, Governor-General of Trebi gond, to arrive with the reinforcements of irregular troops which he was raising in his pachalic. It is not known whether he has continued his march against the Russian army, or has halted at Hassan Laid. It is thought most probable that he will have joined the camp of Veli Pacha, at Knpru Kepi, com posed of one regiment of cavalry and one of infantry. Yeni-Keni, a village distant eighteen leagues from Erzeroum, and containing large stores of provisions for the army at Kars, has been occupied by a Russian division composed of four battalions of infantry, six regiments of cavalry, eighteen pieces of artillery, and 3,500 irregular Commack', in all about 12,000 men. The Turkish army is in a manner blockaded at Kars. The Russians keep their former position at Zaim i the Cossacks and Karakalpaks occupy the entire plain of Kars, but no new attack has been made since the affair of the 16th. It is feared that the Russian division at Barka may effect a junction with the forces encamped at Tciprakli and Tentßeni, to march on Erzeroum. THE DEATH OF THE RUSSIAN ADMIRAL NAKHIMOFF. The Invalids Busse gives the following account of the death of Admiral Nakhimoff: On June 29, Russia experienced an irreparable low. The hero of Sinop (tic.), one of the brave defenders of Sebas topol, the honour and pride of the Russian Beet and army, Admiral Nakhimoff, received then a wound, to which, on the following day, amidst the general regret of hie com panions in arms, and all Ramie, he fell a victim. The witnesses give the following details as to the manner of his death. The deceased Admiral would never consent to wear the soldier's °spot*, but always kept on the coat and epaulettes of a general, and in this dress he would show himself on the most advanced fortifications', in order to ob. serve the movements of the besiegers. On Jane 29, at 8 o'clock, p.m., the Admiral appeared upon the Korsika bastion, and in spite of the entreaties of all around him, he leaned over the parapet to look at the enemy's works. A ball struck the ground at his feet. The elite accompanying him renewed their entreaties, but he calmly remained at his post, saying, " They aim very well." Some moments afterwards a ball struck him on the temple. The Admiral fell senseless, and remained so until his death the following day. Sleep in peace, worthy rival of Lasary, of Bonilla, and of Istomine ! The mariners of the Black Sea and the garrison of Sebastopol will not forget thy valiant example. Our children and our grandchildren will defend thy tomb as thou hut defended their cradle ! THE BLOCLADB IN THE BALTIC. (From lad night's Gordis.) - Foreign-office, July 27. It is hereby notified that the Right Hon. the Earl of Clarendon, K G , her Majesty's Principal &mutely of State for Foreign Affairs, has received from the Lords Commiuionen of the Admiralty a copy of a communication from Rear-Admiral the Hon. R. S. Diked's ' Commander in-Chief of her Majesty ' s Naval Foram in the Baltic, enclos ing a copy of a joint notification, issued by him and by Rear-Admiral Penand, Commander-in-Chief of the Naval Forces of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French in the Baltic, which notification is as follows: " It is hereby notified, in the name of her Britannic Ma esty Queen Victoria, and his Imperial Menet, Napoleon 111., Emperor of the French, that on the 12th day of July instant, all Russian ports, roads, havens, and creeks in the Gulf of Bothnia, from Tomes, in lat. 65 deg. 46 min. N., long. 24 deg. 7 min. E. of Greenwich, to Ny stad, in lat. 60 deg. 46 min. N., long. 21 deg. 20 min. E. of Greenwich, including especially the porta of Uleaborg, Brabestadt, Gamla Culeby, Nya Carleby,Wass, Christinestsd, Biorneborg, sad Ramo, were placed in a state of strict blockade by a competent force of the allied fiesta. And it is hereby further notified, with reference to the blockade of the coot of Finland between Nptad andl Mango Head, and of the islands and islets fronting the said coast, established on the 16th ultimo, that on the 14th day of July instant all other Russian islands fronting the coast of Finland, and all Russian islands in the Gulf of Bothnia, including especially the Aland Maui* were placed in a state of blockade by a empume lime of the allied fleets. And it is hereby flambee smiled, that all measures authorised by the laws of nations, and the respec tive treaties between their Majesties sea tha different neu tral powen will be adopted and executed with respect to all vessels which may attempt to violate the said blockades. " Given under our hands, at anchor, at Num, this 16th day of July, 1865." II (si sse d) " C. PfiNAVD, "B. B. DUNDAS, "Rau Admiral and Com- "Roar-Admiral and Com mander-in-Chief of the Naval mander-inUfsief of her Bri- Form of his Imperial Ma- Mimic MajestreNavalForom Fjetty the Emperor of the in the Baltic." rench in the Baltic. - - - InTiTiiiiersiiiirther notified, that all the reassures autborieed by the laws of nations, and the respective tree. ties between her Majesty and her Allies, and the different neutral powers, will be adopted and executed on behalf of her Majesty and her Ally, his Majesty the Emperor of the French, wtth respect to all smash which may attempt to violate the said blockades, or asp or either of them. AN ITALIAN by the incases which ism attended the eadeavonre to form the Germ. and Swims Legion, the government have revolved on the forma tion of an Italian legion. It is to be raised at Novara, where the kind-quarters will be stationed, under the super intendenee of Sir James Hudson, the British minister at the mart of Sardinia, and a coosamittee. The command is to be held by Colonel the Hon. H. Manners Percy, of the Ore nadier Hurd., and the omens are to be Italians, or British gentlemen who understand Italian. The appoiatment of inspector in London is to be held by Hider Hudson, of the North Tort Militia, late Grenadier Guards.— United Swine Greg& As estimate of the cost of army and navy medals was published yesterday. The total sum required this year is 62A001. ; of which 4001. is for ordinary menial netais 8,000 medals for the Care war, at Bs. • 72,000 Crimean nodal% at 101. ; and 1,000 for distinguish . ed soodest is the field, at 8.. For the wavy and maims 26,000 Crimea Judah Si, set apart. 0! • BOAT'S CREW BY &VACUA— ilywirav, N. 1211., APIUL 28.—The loose 1.. •, while arrived here es he 19th, hem the Selman Mods, replete that a boat Ida seven bebro~o vend re lish hod been wrestled, lid arrived at a isat mesh et Week lark Mal, mid that he mos mere moseeseei by the sashes se maw as they leaded; aistreinari at he Mesa bed peestmeed a spy glee, ea whisk " J. Passe was meted is pmell. trim a ashes oho Naha that it had Ism hook la *sleet the temeterfre of Na iftweeekad arew wee mewed to love gm to Ike hholl se Teloseml. FRANCE. crzoig on OWN 001RISPONDINT.) PARIS, Faumy Emma. The Pak* says it is thoughi that, on the return of their Majesties from Biarritz, they will peas a few days at the Chateau of Villeneuve L'Etaog, where the neesseary preparations for their reception have The Message. of Bayonne, of the 28th, says : A body of 160 siest 11.1ouglog to the 96th regiment of the hoe han left this _*ass to-day for.Biurits, to eat u a peed of bosses is Majesties. They will occupy the wood banesbeslalihhei seer the Imperial residence.; The bend of the edfluseen is also to proceed there, and to re min:More daring their Ifejssties' stay. I understand that M. de Hubner, the Austrian ambassador, gives the most positive contradiction to the reiterated 'assertions of die • Gazette de Cologne, that he is about to leave Paris. At the Bourn to-day salsa predominated. The Riot. (after having best at 66fr. 85c.), closed at 66fr. 900., with a fall of ba for cash. For time, the fall was 200. The fall is entirely attributed to sales for the purpose of Investing in the loan. The imbsorip tions are said to amount to upwards of two millions, or nearly three times the amount required. The subscription goes on swimmingly in the great provincial towns. At Lyons, 32 millions were subscribed in a single day (the 25th), and large contingents will be returned from Strasbourg, Mar seilles, and Bordeaux. Shares in the United Gas Company were in great demand, in consequence of the decree in the Momiteur, sanctioning the fusion. It was announced that the names of the new Council of would be published to-morrow. The shares rose 12fr. 50e. Credit Mobilier fell 10fr. The rapid rise in the last-mentioned security within the last fortnight is attributed to the knowledge that the fusion of the gas companies was about to take place, bat now that the fact is accomplished, holders were disposed to realise their profits. The Credit Mobilier was, however, very buoyant towards the close of business. Railways were heavy. Almost all the lines closed lower, with little business doing. A smart shook of an earthquake occurred at Lyons the day before yesterday (the 25th), and occasioned some slight damage to several houses. No. 35, in the Rue Centrals, has a fissure from the top to the bottom. The bells of many houses rang, and ser vants ran to the doors to answer them. In the princi pal street of the quarter of the Canal, a man loot his equilibrium, and another was thrown forward with violence several steps. While the shock lasted, a noise was heard as of distant thunder, while the sky, though somewhat clouded, showed no signs of a storm. Letters from the provinces, speak of the shock having been felt distinctly at Strasburg, Mal house, Mets, Grenoble, Besancon, Auxonne, and Dijon, but no accident is reported in any of those places. Earthquakes have been very frequent is Italy and the extreme South of France within the last twelvemonths, but this is, I believe, the &et time that they have been heard of within that period so far north. Colonel de &rosy, who, it may be remembered, was, some time since, cashiered and sentenced to im prisonment by court martial, under very painful cir cumstances, has been privately pardoned, and is at this moment serving as a general in the Turkish army of the Crimea, with the title of Osman Bey. Madlle. Rachel left Paris for England this morning. MAZZINI ON THE WAR. [ln the following eloquent letter there are many important general truths, and many (u appears to us) errors of detail. We submit it to those who tea listen to all opinions and judge for themselves.] July, 1855. My dear Friend,—You ask me why I do not e:Press my opinions on the war. I feel disheartened. You seem to me to be fighting Me Ajar in the dark : only he was praying for light—you have it shining on you from every side, and shut your eyes resolutely against it. You have been re peatedly warned. Men who do not claim any superior in. sight or power of genius, but who from their position, from the studies and events of a whole life, are entitled to know something of continental political matters, told you from the beginning of the contest that Austria would your battles ; that her only aim was to take possession of the Principalities ; that by your obstinately punning the flying phantom of an alliance with her you were not only degrading your cause and losing all the sympathies of the good and brave throughout Europe, but fettering your in tellect, cramping your schemes, and turning the policy of your war from the only ground upon which you could rationally hope for victory, to a wild chase of impossibilities. All this has been subsequently christened into PACTS. BUD, you remain inert, impusive, unshaken, bent on the same identical track—plunging deeper and deeper into a dark, hopeless region of dreams and deceptions ; whilst a angle set of will would lead you back to the wide, my, bright path, on which honour and victory must bless each step of yours. I see brave dude, stablest to redeem a whole fallen nation ; noble powers of action and endurance, displayed by your unknown demi-gods, your soldien, and officers, in the Crimea ; but for what purpose and with what hope ? I bow before the quiet silent devotedness with which your nation accepts all the saorifiose inequable from a war, and I feel proud of loving and being loved in your own country ; bat such devotion ought not to be in vain; and as far as I can see, it is so. Owing to the policy which leads the war, your are fighting for an impossibility. _ _ The thoughtZunless indeed all practical lease has for saken your nation, mat be by this time, after nine months of efforts and deceptioas, living and restless within many souls; still, none dares to give utterance to it. You are in your parliament floating between one party aware of the difficulty of your position, but drawing from that knowledge a policy of cows:dies, and another, fully alive to the supreme necessity of not withdrawing from the contest before a decisive victory, bat neither understanding, nor wanting to understand, how victory can be reached; peace at any cost, even of honour, and war for war's sake ; the three words uttered by kir.liosbuck remaining unsupported, 1 'cholas, a threatening prophecy to be remembered when it will be too late. Your administrative reform societies are ' the Venetian-rat Story roads was to strengthen the mobilises go...sunset which bad been proelainted at Wale*. And how could a 'overeaten', beat set an the creation of as Italian nation, bat en the formation of a Piedmonts', kingdom et the North, raise a war of sationalitias 1 Thu, all the truly drowsier operations being excluded, the emancipating war food itself forcedly narrowed down to the regular siege of the fortresses. The Piedmontese army lingered before Mantua and Verona until a scorching sun, disease, irregularity of commiesariat supplies, end the de moralising discouragement always attending troops kept in comparative immobility, pointed out to • freely reinforced easy an opportunity for overpowering it. A wrong policy bad destroyed all the chances of the war. Such must be the cue in every war. Its method reels mainly on the policy which rules the councils of the nation—such is, and most strikingly, in you own. Had the policy of your government been a liberal one, yen would be now firmly established In the heart of your enemy's load, backed by the insurrection of a whole brave nation, and with a powerful germ of disorganisation, through desertion and revolt, at work in the adverse army. A stroke of energy at the serviced a principle would have givanyou miles on every point of Europe; and no despotic power would dare or be able to support Russia against you. We Gould pledge our word for that. By your declaring yourselves hostile to anyl national movement—by your Courting during sixteen months the vilest of the despotic powers, Austria—by your renouncing every moral aim, every noble aspiration, ter a paltry and hateful programme of expediency and status quo, you have deprived yourselves of the sympathies of all the good and brave throughout Europe—you have prevented • Polish rising—you have lost the alliance of Sweden—you have allowed free epees and security to all German intrigues against you; and renouncing all freedom of action, all free choice of places, means, and military plans, you have, like Charles Albert, in 1848, narrowed the war to a siege, on • spot which will be, I fear, henceforward named " the grave of England's honour and England's sons." The grave of England's honour and England's sons : the Crimea, at this period, can be bat this. I confess I cannot understand the silent, obstinate apathy with which your press, your meetings, your parliamentary men, are witnessing the sacrifice of thousands, without ever dreaming of asking themselves : Can victory—a decisive and pezmanent one—be obtained there ? I shudder when I read such words as those with which Lord Palmerston coolly assures the House of Commons that all louse will be met by new supplies of men. You had better decree at once that the youth of England shall be periodically decimated, fgr no other purpose that that of gratifying the military ignorance of Louis Napoleon, and withdrawing every source of alarm from the Austrian government. A Crimean expedition could in ao cue, I believe, lead by itself to a decisive success or to honourable terms of peace. Odessa, if you wanted to act from the Black Sea, was the point for you. Still, had you chosen the favourable moment and worked with adequate insane—had you lauded at once 100,000 men somewhere above Sebastopol, and marched to Perekop, whilst your fleet would have got possession of the Straits of Kertch, Cape of Bazantip, and other points on the Su of Asoff, the Crimea might have been yours, and you would have then fallen back on Sebastopol—than deprived of all its communications with the continent. It was no doubt an important deed. But now, what is your hope ? What is your aim in systematically sacrificing your best men under the walls of a town which, in all probability, you will not take, and which if taken cannot give you what you want? It is high time for you, I think, to look earneatly into the matter, and to see that England's Jonas, which England may need at a not very distant period, for her own protec tion against allies—are not lost in a hopeless contest. Cast a glauce back on the war. You thought in the be ginning—and it was the first fatal mistake—that you would frighten the Czar out of the contest, with some 60,000 or 60,000 men placed at Constantinople, Gallipoli, or Adria nople. When you began to perceive that a real earnest war was unavoidable, you turned to the Danube: there was your natural basis for offensive operations. Austria—it is now an established fact—forbade your acting there. Yon bowed to Austria, dismissed Vie thought at once, and gave up to Austria—the second fatal mistake—the Principalities. Forbidden the Danube, and not wanting to arouse, through Poland, the dreaded question of the nationalitea, you decided upon adopting the Bonapartist scheme of a Crimean expedition. Yon landed, with troops, material, and knowledge of the localities and of the enemy's forces utterly unequal to the object, near Sebutopel. You wanted to try the north, but found unforeseen and almost insurmountable obstacles, and through the most dangerous flank-march possible, you turn to the south. Yon could not, for want of troops, invest the place ; you did not dream of preventing the accumulation of military stores and victuals which were coming from the interior of Russia and Siberia, down the Volga and the Don, through Rostof and Kutch, to Sebutopel. But you simply established youreslies there, trusting to chance, and despising• the enemy—and there you still are. Since then you have been in imminent danger—averted only through want of boldness in the Russian leaders, and heroic valour in your soldiers, at In kermann and Balaklava—of being driven back to the sea. Since then, you have lost the hops of an active alliance with Austria, lost the confidence of Europe, lost a considerable amonnnt of money, loot (I speak of England alone) some 20,000 men; and won—some counter-approaching outposts erected since your arrival. This is the summary of the put : now for the future. Sebastopol,—the besieged southern part is as strong as ever—the Reagan army I. the Crimea more strong than ever; and, owing to the conduct of Austria, numerous fresh reinforcements are coming from the interior of Russia. Yon cannot dream of starving the enemy; your expedition to the Sea of Azoff has come five or BM months too late; military storm and provisions equal to the wants of many months were already accumulated in Sebastopol. And , the military road of the Shivagb, the road across the isthmus, the road leading from Simpheropol to Sebastopol, through Baktchiserai, the road from the same town to the northern part of the beseiged place, are all in the bands of the R••—ians. You must then take the town by force. Row many men will you have to lose in getting possession of the Malakhoff, of the Reale, and of the first line of defence ? Row many in conquering the second line ? Suppose you do gain possession of the whole town how are you to keep it under the fire of the northern forte ? The ground there is much higher than on the southern side. The octagon fortress, called the Sievarna, the key of Sebastopol, **cording to Sir Howard Douglas, commands town, bay, and docks. Its height protects it from the fire of your ships, its shores are precipitous. You most therefore attack it by land, thus finding yourself after nine months' of exertions end sacrifices, just before the obstacle from which you shrank at the beginning. How much time, how mach English blood will be required to overtime's it ? Can yon feel sanguine after the experiments on the south ? • And, then ? The Russian forces outside Sebastopol ? Thinner in number; exhausted by victories which would undoubtedly prove like those of Pyrrhus, you will then have to begin the true war, the Crimean campaign. There are Russian forces, strong enough now, and which will be stronger still in a short while, on the right, at the two extremities of the Tchernaya ; Russian forces on the Belbek, Russian forces in the proximity of Eupatoria ; Russian forces, under Wrangel, liontresor, Bellegarde, in the interior. Be. tweenthose and through the steppes which from Sinapheropol up to the Isthmus spread Over all the Crimea you will have to fight your way to Perekop. Oa the steppes, no tress, no shrubs; against the intense heat and the intense cold an Invading army is defenceless : no resting shelter—the Crimea is mere than thinly inhabited; tea thousand English equate miles and tenanted by some 200,000 inhabitants, and the few scattered villages of the interior, will be burnt ►y the Russians. Water is there very scares and saturated with salt. The winter sweeps the desolate land with over whelming snow-storms : the warm seam softens through the melting of the snows the ground to such an extent that the artillery will sink through it. No road tracks—the bridges on the ravines not strong, and easily destroyed. These difficulties you will say must work against the Rus sians, too; yes, only the Russians are at home, they are used to them ; you are not ; you must conquer, they have only to defend; every step in advance will leave yen further from your basis of operations, from your supplies ; every step backwards brings them nearer to their own. systematically shunning the vital question, apparently aiming at nothing elm but at teaching people how to do cleverly the wrong thing. Tour press, active, far-sighted, bold, sometimes fierce, and when combined, all powerful esseiralsg details and all second rats matter, is silent about the peallent--" Can Russia be conquered through the Cri mea!" Still that is the question. It is good end brave to Maio for one's own flag ; but it is sad, unutterably sad aid edipalin so bid the best die • fruitless death, when more 1111111 be achieved. Martyrdom is in certain times and air- Meleisaces the meted duty of the weak; the strong are lewd to conquer. Om you conquer, without • radical change in your actual peaty ? It is my deep conviction that you cannot. To believe that the success of • war rests on a ground of mere organisation and military-detail skill—that the direr& kg policy has nothing to do with it—that, when yen have emmarative perfection of mechanical arrangements and Wirer, yogi have °cogitated the most of favourable chasms, It es immense mistake. I have witnessed in 1848, in Lam hardy, the tepid, progressive, unavoidable destruction of a •ertain triumph through • single fatal stroke of policy. There, on a land where a national movement had denly taken place and swept the territory, the fatness' strepted, of all foes, from the Alps to the sea s a &kg stepped forward, with regular battalions, maw, sod mouton twice opal to • oonguered, disheartens,. ism• tensed enemy, but with • different aim—the sipmadlea mint of the House of Savoy, and with • asetrehleal tradition eatirely antagonistic to the spirit and temilimm ei the movement There was valour in the army, devotedness in the edifiers ; and a whole population glowing with enthu siasm wee booking the Piedmont**, regiments. The plan was obvious. The thirty thousand Austrian soldiers who had fled to Verona and Matta could never reconquer alone the lost (fogad. To prevent their being reinforced was the problem to be solved ; and the solution was Cu,. To arm the population sad tell them—protect your houses ; to leave behind the fortresses ; to march to the Alps and establish there, on the points where the military roads link Italy with the Austrian empire, two camps of some twenty-eve theism* soldiers each ; to bombard Trieste, from whence the Austrian, were drawing all their supplies ; M sense with an appeal to the Illatr-Illyrian nationalities all *sadism Dalmatian Nest at the Adriatic—was *doubtful, 'keep vhasy. But Trieste wee forbidden by diplomacy; the Tyiel, I de sot know by what old absurd rights of the German Osabiersey i to arm tie population MO out of the question; for • people who tights its own battles la • I very &arms thews to *fag zombi* ; ea protest through the Liman of the Dnieper again st UN naval arsenal of the Crimes, Nioolsieff. They forge. Otebakow and Hilboroun, planed opposite each other at two sad a half miles distance, and forbidding the entrance of the Lagoon ; they forget that every place on the shares mast have been by this time fortified by the R uti . dans ; they forget that Nholateff is now the Nib" where a reserve army of some thirty thousand Russia ns is formed. They will suggest an attack upon Akermas; and Ovidioplis on the Dniester: they forget that tho le you would be faced by the &wahine, and threatened ea your flank by the Austrian army. Can you trust the Austrian army ? They will hint at a bold attempt agsi i i4 Perekop. How—by sea ?On the Asoff Bea it Is protoned by the Eihivagh; on the Black Bea your men•ot war cannot oast anchor except at the distance of 20 miles. By lead? You must first fight, and conquer the campaign I sp o t s some bees bank. Unless you want to find yourselves pet. sonars between the forces coming from the interior of Re} lie sad those manoeuvring in the interior of the Crimea, yes must destroy Wrangel and Bellegards. With what fortes? Yon have now, after all usual deductions made —and Turks end Piedmonts,e included-150,000 active men in the Crimes: probably less, certainly not more. Some 40,000, almost without cavalry, are at Hopson.. How many of the rest will you leave to push on the siege ? How many te guard Kamiesch and Balaklava ? No! Unless you raise the siege; unless you apply your energies to the only vulnerable point of Ituuia—Poland; unless you radically change the policy ruling the war, you can do nothing bat systematically and periodically perish in fruitless attempts before Sebastopol. Russia is there ow too strong for yen. Will your government ever spontaneously adopt 'change of policy t Never. Tin men who had not one word to say in the name of England's honour when the Czar in 1818.9 invaded the Principalities and crushed Hungary, because his object was then to check liberty and national move ments—the men who plotted with Louis Napoleon for re• storing the Pope " under an improved form of govern ment" at Rome—the men who can, during sixteen months, exhaust every form of servile complacency towards such • power as Austria, and, scorned, do not dare a threatening word—can ally themselves with despotic usurpers—thy never will say to • nation, Rise ! Their policy lies between the despatch of the 23rd of March, 1853, in which Lord Clarendon declares that her Majesty's government is anxious to avert the risk of any advantage being given to the European revolutionists, and the speeches of Lord Palmer. ston, branding the liberty of Poland as a dream, the future rising of Hungary uan untoward lamentable event. They may break their pledge with Sicily ; they will never break that which binds them to continental absolutism. But that you, English citizens, who worship freedom and revere morality—you who have no pledge except to England's honour and safety—you who all to a man waved your hats at Poland's glorious rising and proclaimed its overthrow a crime—you who's brothers and sous are dying, the victims of a wrong policy, in the Crimea, w►ilst in Podolia and Lithuania they could conquer —yes, the flee and able, by a single resolute act of will, by • sud den energetic collective manifestation to compel, can sit quietly witnessing the slow, useless work of destruction, and trust your fates to men who, thanks to their policy and to Austria, are besieging, after nine menthe of operations, an outer work, is more than I can explain to myself or other.. Every man who has • son, a brother, or a friend in the East ought to walk with a map of the Crimea on his breast and a flag with the name of Poland inscribed, from place to place, from park to park, front cottage to cottage, and preach and explain, until hundreds of thousands should peacefully but sternly signify their will. Change of policy. Down with Austria. Let Poland's rising be helped. And then you ought to kneel and thank God most humbly for having placed the easy accomplishment of a great act of justice on the very path which leads to English safety and success. But Austria I Prussia! Leave krusaia to her own people; Austria to Hungary and to ourselves. As sue as Austria will n firs a single gun for you against Russia, not a single Austrian gun will be fired against you while we live. The question of the nationalities is amounting to a general war. What of that? Will not the nationalities fight their own battles Only those battles will be yours too. With Poland, Hungary, and Italy up, the Cur cannot dream of marching to Constantinople. Out of the road I point depend upon it there is no decisive victory nor honourable peace possible for you. In a letter which I addressed to the chairman of the Society of the Friends of Italy, on the god of Much, I said, "Your policy is absolutely wrong and immoral, therefore you can not and will not conquer." I maintain my ground. War is for me the greatest of crimes, whenever it is not waged for the benefit of mankind, for the sake of a great truth to enthrone, or of a great lie to entomb. Yours is not such a war. It shrinks from the proclaiming of a principle. It equally aims at curtailing despotic encroachments from the north, and strengthening despotism in the centre of Europe. It declares that Turkey has a right to independence, whilst its policy and tactics sr* calculated so as to prevent any other country from asserting itself independent. I believe in Ood, and in a providential scheme ; and consequently I do not believe in triumph crowning a war grounded on expe diency, temporary self-interest, and antagonism to European rights and liberty. Citarism is a principle—the principle of unbounded autho rity ; it is only a principle—that of universal liberty—that can conquer it.—Yours faithfully, JOSEPH MAZZINI. The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster and family are on the eve of leaving town for their seat in Dor setahire. Viscountess Palmerston has an assembly, this evening, at the Premier's residence on Carlton-house Ter race. Lord Lyndhurst leaves town early in the ensuing week, accompanied by Lady Lyndhurst and the Hon. Miss Copley, for Dieppe, where the noble and learned lord makes a brief sijour previous to proceeding to Paris. The noble and learned lord will afterwards go on a tour in Germany. Amongst the guests who have been sojourning during the week at Lonsdsle Castle with the Earl ot Loa dale are—Lord Wynford, Lord Demers, the Hon. Colonel _ . . Lowther, M.P., Colonel Challoner, Professor Shilling, C ilo nel Maberly, the Rev. H. Lowther, Mr. Mechi, dto. &c. A public meeting is to take place at St. Martin's Hall, on Wednesday, in favour of the employment of • Polish Legion as the most effectual auxiliaries for carrying on the war, and the rem, ation of Poland as the only means for securing a durable peace. Sir Do Lacy Evans, M.P., is to take the chair. In a letter to the Council of the Society of Arts, H.R.H. Prince Albert suggests the propriety of their visiting the Paris Exhibition, accompanied by the associated ins:itutions. The eighteenth annual meeting of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society will be held at Mallon, daring the ensuing week. Earl Fitzhardinge, lord lieutenant of Gloucester shire, has appointed his brother, the Hon. Augustus Berkeley, to the office of Clerk of the Peace. Intelligence has just reached London of the almost total loss of the Soo collection of antiquities which the agents of the French government have been employed for some years is bringing together, from the various ruins of Assyria and Babylonia, for deposit in the Museum of the Louvre. Madlle. Cruvelli's approaching retreat from the opera stage into married life, is formally announced in the muical journals of Paris. Letters from the East Indies mention that Miss Catherine Hayes has departed from Calcutta for Australia, where her popularity is described se being almost without limit, and her gains beyond all precedent. Government, we (Athecteum) understand, is seri ously engaged with the question of a New National Gallery. Ministers feel that the present mode of exhibiting the national pictures—at Windsor, Hampton Court, the British Museum, the National Gallery, and Marlborough How— -lis eminently unsatisfactory. Plans are before them for the consolidation of these galleries. Signor Verdi has been in London, with a view of arranging for the production of his "Les Veprea" at the Royal Italian Opera next season, and for the publication of At the end of the Crimean steppes lies your objective &...- ". point, Barshop. The Russians have been all this while for- —"*-- allying it. Then should you conquer it and Busk not Oas would say that the man who first planned the The Atheneum says that the Trustees of the yield, three hundred miles of new steppes • • • British Yemen have decided on applying to the Treseury for a special grant, in order to enable them to publish all Bikassa expedition wanted to solve this pro b lem: h ow to the most saleable Cuneiform inscriptions which have been ink in an apparently plausible enterprise the best Wed of discovered during the course of the recent excavations in Nalliand, and make he defenceless for a time of ay.& Assyria and Babylonia. Bah are your prospects. How many thoulair7„ of cm , A complimentary address from the Attorneys and bra many ciliate of pounds are you disposA tc eaga l ,„ k 7.: Solicitors of North Wales has been presented to Chief \ aisle passible, not probable realisatioa 1 'r - `' Justice Jervis by a deputation of solicitors to the Leong resgis who are wanting deliberate" Judge, at his lodgings tn Castle-square, Carnarvon. The to blind themselves address was signed, with very few exceptions, by all the MS mod, will talk to you 0 4 a probable o p era tic & i soliaiton in the di Northern Cosatite of Wales.