The Express. — London, England, 1858-01-14 00:00:00

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WE entirely concur with the 00VE101011,-01- Emit, of India that " there does not stand " recorded in the annals of war an achieve " meat more truly heroic than the defence of " the Residency of Lucknow;" we firmly believe, with him, " thst never has a tale been told which " will so stir the hearts of Englishmen and English " women ma the simple, earnest narrative of Brig'. " dier Imotmi." At length we know the fall details of that extraordinary history. The energy and the daring, the dauntless resolution and the heroic endurance, the eighty-seven days and nights of unceasing toil and obstinate resistance, the abso lute isolation from the whole outer world, the weary watching for the rescue that came not, the long-deferred hopes such as make the heart sick, the overpowering odds and the ghastly mortality, the ten der devotedness of the women and the iron hardihood of the men—all are set before us in that admirable narrative with the modest simplicity of a brava heart and the lucid brevity of a clear head. Let as endeavour to trace a brief outline of this grand historical picture. On the 30th of last June, Sir HENRY LAWRENCE, having received information (purposely falsified) that an inconsiderable detachment of the rebel army I were advancing on Lucknow, marched forth at the head of a small force to meet them. He had been deceived as to the force of the enemy—he was mis informed as to their position. He came suddenly upon a numerous army, and at once, in spite of the disparity of numbers, proceeded to the attack. Then the treason became manifest. The Onde artil lery, which formed his main reliance, refused to act. The men overturned the guns into ditches and cut the traces of their horses. All that valour or skill could do was effected, but Fir Homy was obliged to fall back with considerable lose. His original in tention had been to hold both the Residency at Lucknow and a neighbouring fort, called the Muchhee Bhowun. The lass he had sustained ren dered this impossible : the fort was blown up, and the whole garrison concentrated in the Residency. Had this not been done, the defence of Lucknow would have been impossible. The place was in vested en the lit of July ; on the 2nd, Sir HILNIIT was mortally wounded by the explosion of a shell thrown with fatal precision of aim into a room of the Residency ; and on the 4th he died. The command then devolved on Brigadier Hrous. The position of the Residency, when invested, was anything but retasuring. Only two batteries were completed; considerable portions of the defences were left unfinished ; the neighbouring buildings were left standing--some of them within easy pistol shot of the British barricades. The enemy, who seem throughout to have shown a very consider able amount of engineering skill, were not slow in making the most of these advantages. They occupied the nearer buildings, made loopholes in the side which bore upon the Residency, and with no lees than 8,000 men kept up night and day a terrific and incessant fire, which canoed constant casualties, and from which no single spot in the whole range of the British works could be considered rate. Within fifty yards of our fence, the rebels soon succeeded in getting from 20 to 25 inns into position, some of them of very large calibre. They so skilfully erected barricades in front of these guns that all attempts to silence them by muskets wen entirely unavailing, while against shells they were effectually protected not only by their extreme proximity, but also by the expedient of digging In the rear of each gun " very narrow " trenches, about eight feet in depth, in which the 0 men lay while our shells were flying, and which so " effectually concealed them, even while working " the guns, that our baffled sharpshooters could " only see their hands while in the act of " loading." Night and day, for nearly three soothe, an incessant and destructive fin was kept up against the garrison from these terribly close quarters, varied only by the explosion of mines, followed up by general assaults. Of these there were four, one on tke 20th of July, another on the 10th of August, a third on the 18th, and the fourth and Lot on the bth of September. The issue of all these assaults was uniform. The vehement ardour of the native onset, though seconded by an overwhelming prepondennes of numbers, was dashed back, as the sea-spray from the rock, by the indomitable hardi hood of British gallantry. These concerted attacks would have boon far more auserems but for the imomant vigilance of the besieged in watching and blowing op the enemies' mimes before they were completed. In this labour, and in that of con strutting countermines, the exertions of the little garrison were indefatigable. The enemy, hopeless of overcoming their tried valour in fight, attempted to weary them out by incessant watching. Night ' after night, they raised alarms—tiring heavily, sounding the advance, and shouting for hours toge ther. It was necessary on these occasions, which were of almost nightly occurrence, for the whole gar rison to stand at their arms, and remain at their poets till the demonstration had ceased ; for through out the siege no part of the works was strong enough to allow of a portion only of the gentian being pre pared for resistance. " Owing to the extreme paucity " of our numbers," writes Brigadier Inoue, " each " man was taught to feel that on his own individual " efforts alone depended in no mull mania the " safety of the entire position. This consciousness in " cited every officer, soldier, and man to defend the " post assigned to him with such:desperate tenacity, " and to fight for the lives which Providence had en " trusted to his care with such dauntless determine.- " tioo, that the enemy, despite their mutant attacks " their heavy mines, their overwhelming numbers, " and their incessant fire, could never gain an inch " of ground within the bounds of this straggling " position, which was so feebly fortified that had " they ever obtained a footing in any of the out " posts, the whole place must inevitably have fella." For eighty even days and nights this incessant privation, hardship, and anxiety went on unabated. One of the most trying circumstances of their po intim) was its absolute isolation. They knew literally nothing of what was going on beyond the circle of fire which incessantly blued around them. Whether India was lost or won ; whether they were alone in their heroic resistance; whether rescue might be ex pected, or whether they were to fall unrelieved and unrevenged, were points on which they were utterly and profoundly in the dark. It was the twenty-sixth day of the siege before any tidingawhat ever reached them from without. Then a messenger brought the good news that Havriocit was at hand, and might be expected in five or six days. This was at the latter end of July— the date of HA VILOCK'S first and unsuccessful attempt at rescue. The messenger was sent back with a request that when the relieving army approached the outskirts of the city, two rockets might be sent up to ►nnounce the coming deliverance. Alas ! " The sixth day expired, and they came not, but for 0 many evenings after officers and men watched for " the ascension of the expected rockets with hopes " such as make the heart sick." Let the sciolists who tell us that poetry has taken wing from the modern life of man, think, if they are capable of thought, on that night-watch from the ramparts of Lucknow. It was not till nearly* mouth afterwards— on the 23th of August—that the besieged learnt why it was that the rockets had never been sent up against that western sky, and this communication, which conveyed the tardy tidings of HAVELOCK'S first retreat, was the last which the garrison received till the arrival of HAVELOCK and OUTRAN on the 26th of September. And so, in hardship and in watching, "in alter " nate vicissitudes of extreme wet and intense heat, " with very insufficient shelter from either, and in " many places without any shelter at ell," the heroic garrison held on. The women were worthy of the men ; their patient endurance, their cheerful resig nation, their constant and tender solicitude at the bedsides of the wounded and the dying, will never die away from the recollections of a grateful country. All were animated by the same spirit. The civilians, in courage and constancy,showed themselves scarcely, if at all, inferior to the soldiery. Of the soldiery it is impossible to speak too highly. The devotion and courage of British troops in India have become so mach the rule that we take it almost as a matter of course that the glorious 32nd (now barely 300 strong) and the residue of the Europeans in Luck now should have showed that they knew well " how "to die for their country." But the loyalty of the 31st, 48th, and 71st Nair* regiments--a loyalty which, in the deliberate opinion of Bri gadier bottle, " hse surer been surpassed"— was not equally to be reckoned on. These men had abundant temptations to be faithlees. They were ill-fed, worse lodged. They were so near the enemy that conversation could be carried on between them, and, as might have been expected, " every effort, " persuasion, promise, and threat was alternately resorted to, in vain, to seduce them from their all.- " giance to the handful of Europeans who, in all " probability, would have been sacrificed by their " desertion." And yet these men never wavered for a moment. Of all the extraordinary circumstances connected with this memorable siege this probably is the most astonishing. We are glad to observe that an order has been issued by the Govitanot-Oxivemti in Council awarding the order of merit, with increase of pay and the permission to count three years addi tional service, to every native oomminioned officer and soldier who has formed part of this heroic gar rison. Such was the defence of Lricknow--a defenoe un paralleled in modern history—such were the events of which, u the GOVERNOR-GENERAL in Council well I says, " the fellow-countrymen of the heroes of " Locknow will read with swelling hearts, and " which will endure for ever as a lesson to thou who " shall hops by treachery, numbers, or boldness in " their treason to overcome the indomitable spirit of " Englishmen." A 11.0111INTAILT Prison—a prison held in seig niory by a noble Duke under a charter bearing date in the reign of Jeros L, and confirmed in the reign of CHAILLa 11.—a prima perched in the ruined keep ot a feudal castle—a prison in which no food, no fuel, no water, no medical attendance, and no reli gion. instruction is supplied to the unfortunate in- Mates—all this would sound absurdly incredible in fiction, but is neither more nor lees than a literal matter of fart. The prison in question is the Debtors' Gaol at Swansea—its noble owner is the Duke of Buscroir. As to its condition, it must be only too notorious at headquarters, though it comes with the freshness of surprise on the general public. For the last fourteen years successive Secretaries of State have been memorialised on the subject of this grow abomina tion, and in the 18th Report of her ALuitorr's Inspectors of Prisons we find the most recent of these unheeded complaints. There it is, chapter and verse, precisely as we have stated it. " The " prison," reports the persevering and unregarded Inspector, " consists of the ruined keep 0! the Castle "of Swansea, divided into four roc's:. Theo rooms " consist of the mere walls, no furniture whatever " being allowed to the prisoners. They are very " cold in winter, but no fael is furnished for warming " them. No food is allowed; but the prisoners' Mends, "if they have any, are permitted to feed them. If, " however, they are not so fortunate, they must " depend upon the intercession of some person " with the parish to procure for them a pittance for " their maintenance, and their chance of medical at " tendance in sickness depends on the same precarious " assistance. There is not even any water within " their reach, the supply of this necessary of life " being entirely dependent upon the occasional visits " of a gaoler residing in a distant part of the town. " I have not been able to learn that any religious in " etructor has ever been seen within the prison. " The prison is the property of his Grace the Duke " of BEAUFORT, who has the custody of all debtors, " except those committed by the County Courts, by " virtue of his lordship of the seigniory of Gower " and Kil:ey." This is such an astonishing picture of a gaol in terior, in the heart of this age of philanthropy, model prisons, and reformatories, that we have trans ferred it unaltered from the canvass of the official artist, who cannot be suspected of that tendency to exaggeration which all constituted authorities are fond of attributing to the representations of the press. No food, no water, no fire, no medicine in sickness, no consolation in despondency—such is the cheerful prospect held out to those who become tenants under dunes of the law to the most noble the Lord of Gower and Kilvey in the ruined keep of his castle of Swansea. A further light was thrown upon the attractions et this pleasant spot by an investigation which took place one day last week before the learned Commissioner of the Bankruptcy Court at Bristol. An unlucky linen draper of Swansee—one EVAN Dsvixs—who had spent about six weeks in this manorial stronghold of the PITZEOTS, was examined with regard to the alleged misappropriation of a couple of sovereigns, which had been furtively brought to him in the Keep by a trusty shopboy. The money clearly be longed to the creditors, and as clearly had been ex pended by the bankrupt on his own account. It became necessary to ace under what circumstances this was done. The bankrupt's short and somewhat forcible justification was, that if he had not spent this money he must have starved. He had laid it out in procuring the barest necessaries of life. "After reoeiviog this 40s. I had to pay for fetching "food and water. There was no allowance whatever " made to the prisoners ; not even straw to lie upon. " My friends afterwards sent me a bed. The part of the "gaol where I was confined had several broken panes "in it. It was in a very filthy state, and was never " swept except by myielf. The rain came in through " the roof." When the messenger of the court came to discharge the prisoner, under an order of release, he had some difficulty in discovering the place of the man's confinement. It was approached "by a " plank across a sort of ditch." " Though I knew "Swansea well, I was about theca hours finding it " out." "It is without exception the most wretched " and miserable place one could ever dream of. It " is nothing but a ruin." There, my Lord Duke of BRAUPORT—there, Mr. SECRETARY for the Hong DEPARTMENT, are a few plain facts for you. How long is this to last? A seigneurial right to starve prisoners in a ruined Keep is not one that will hold water now-a-days, though the charter on which it is founded " bears date in the " fifth year of Janes 1., and was confirmed by an hispeximw in the thirty-third year of CHARLES IL" A privilege that might approve itself to the insperimus" of a STUART will not bear the inspection of a free and intelligent public. There must be a speedy end made of this seigneurial right. We cannot afford, for the credit of our common civilisation, to keep his Grace of BEAtTroxr in the luxury of a ruined prison, though held under a manorial right, at the expense of the broken constitutions and protracted sufferings of the miserable debtors who fall within the gripe of his seigniory. Surely the Duke of BeAuroar can have no wish to perpetuate such a nuisance ; surely Sir OEOROZ Our, after this public and flagrant exposure, will feel himself im pelled to take measures for its instant and effectual suppression. Comama Dissosuii.—At the annual meet lag of the Glasgow Young Men's Christian Association, bald as Monday evening, Mr. Baxter, who presided, in the coarse of his speech, nethrked :—" As a British merchant feel Maned to bang down my hied when readof the wholesale tobbary perpetrated on tha public by men occupy ing high peahens in th e meroantile world, and of the &ma ths aliorath ker carrying on a system of plunder by too many of oar beaks. Both in theory and in practice there tea hoes morality prevalent in trading circles, which must be frowned down and reprobated by the community, or it will Mem • cancer eating into the very heart of our national ty. I restart to think that vary few men amid for the place pat their nem to • bill for which value had sot been received wYboat having a certain still small voice rebuttal( the deed • sad yet how many of otherwise peoschabie abash seem em rely to rerhand that, what ever the law may sup ea the sa4sot—satl feel the diScalty, Hest the hapmelhatty, of mime the MI by legislation— ethey emelt treasseekm le • grand. May Ibe permitted to a hope th at this sad exposure at othathad reddens expect and personal eaha veg may epos us all men deeply the kali, r wall as the athh of de parting from the path of coalmen:Lel Integrity, and of for- MIL" pain( all other considerations in oar too great haste to get IaPAN.—" The Emperor of 'Rpm," mys a letter from that country in the Pays " has, by a deem of the 26th October Mt, appointed Prince Hayashi high imperial com missioner of the three pores of Nagmaki, iimoda, and litho dadi. In that capacity the management of relations with foreigners will be maded to him, and for his gaidenoe the Emperor has canoed to be drawn up a series of regulations, Axing the hematites to be observed' by foreigners who want to take np their rieldence in the ports opened to them, the name in which they are to carry on trade, and the privileges their consuls are to enjoy. Thom regale thus are of a liberal character, and are In wooed moo with the spirit sad latter of treaties. Ths_peesest Em peror is a very enlightened man, and Prince Hayashi , who =all kis madam, I. al so Intelligent, tree hors me against lorelthmes, and blows several Earepeth lan ig=When the Americans we here, they parented the ce with models of a railway, end with • small electric telegraph. His Majesty was greatly 'Weed with both, end had the latter flthi4ba n his palate; he themes* under stands it, and OS its importance. He bat ordered that • line of shall be ocostructed from Jeddo, his capital, to itheoda, Prince Hayashi Is to reeide: MONUMENT TO GENERAL iIATELOCZ AT BON- D saLAND.—It is Warr to erect a mosiumint to re nor wry et General Harter, in Sunderland, him native town. Zed Tame 1r eesprel to thor who have ineremrd then mmir• liar. mar, int the MIONNEIist le WNW to the saw perms is re ridgy of Illimmeemirerneeb ; that • isleiderma be re at to be Imbed le re raiimin in habit" e nd these mairmlei rib Neety Dritam ; mind OM tree arid be • Ur to re mama entacrip dem me Ike el time h a ms emerminte. near is to in bre& Lao il Town Omura ea Wed weft umr. The dle peperd ter the reed= of the mane mint le en re MI In re Peaph's Pm* emrserling a row be New Mr dre Cionamit O. Om pmem of the Tyne, re Immilereeb, end tbe Tam inr. ...herr • non 601. ibrr fedi. of genernms hare cane to meburfbe the nun at auxin/ D.—On 'fileett is eT M thill e leat Ur. H. Thant teetered In this Sews ea Lima eaudesing the people ageing sawing the 1111•1111111111 peed sage of India to per whim* cossideratios bib the basis et the govenosast. The loam% which Wed = . O Douse, wee !Teased to by a large end deportable with eager attention. On the motion of Mr. Janina% i reeNd sikushi t i Vr. J. H. Rattan, a petition to parlessoe TM y praying for an works of the satrap to the dross, rote by ballot, dhlbeetedle• mist et seise and corrupt boroughs, sad urging the dells of the &Wet of Gonewsd, cosrdsg upwards of 21,00 shabeests, to be emelitated a parliamentary borough. UltltraslTY bITILLIGISNCE.--CANIBIDG hit. IL—The Mowing TM be sallied, at szsralsation at the go otarlirepreeless eseashastles la the Lest Took 1839 —The et Close de M et. Matthew Book , _Homer. Died, Books 111.asd IV. I* THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, me. be Court. WINDSOR, JLx. 13. The Count and Conntees Perponcher, the Counter; Wally vim Hohenthel, and the Countess Math Zn Lyme arrived yesterday from Berlin, and dined with her Majesty in the evening. The party ;leo included the Ditcher of Kent, the Prince of Wales, the Primer Royal, Lady Anna Merle Dawson, Viscount and Viacom:Mee Palmerston, Prinoe de la Moe cows, Major-General the Hon. C. Grey, the Hon. Colonel Phipps, and Mr. Gibbs. Tie Hosts Fusilier Guards' band played at dinner. Her ltejesty's private band afterwards performed in the drawing. roes. The Qom and Prince Consort, with the Princess Royal, wept to Claremont to-day, attended by Viscountess Jocelyn and Lleahmant-Colonel Ponsonby. Her Majesty returned to the Castle in the evening. The Prince de la Mosoowa and Lord and Lady Palmerston lelt the Castle in the &reboot. Yr. J. 8. Raney, accompanied by Mr. Goodenough, had the honour of exhibiting Mr. Raney's powers over the hots.) to the Queen, the Prime Consort, the Royal Family, and visitors d the court. Viscountess Jocelyn has succeeded the Countess of Gains_ borough as Lady in Waiting to her Majesty, and Colonel the Hon. N. Hood has succeeded Lieutenant-Colonel CavendMh as the Groom in Waiting. Vissount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived in London yesterday from Windsor Castle. tlir George Guy reissued to town yesterday. Despatches were resolved yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governors al Hong Kong, Lama, Ceylon, the Cape of Good Hops, Australia, sad Malta. Edinburgh is going to present an address of eon engulf sits to the Primus Royal on her marriage. No further demonstration has yet been resolved on, the authori ties being disposed to wait for some expression of the feeling of the inhabitants on that subject. Their Royal Highnesaeo the Duchess of Cam bridge sad the Primer Mary will strive at St. James's Palace to-day, from Cambridge Cottage, Kew, for the ..M NUM His Serene Higluiews the Prince of Leiningen and his Sera Highness the Prince Victor of Hohatlioha are daily expected to arrive at Howc.hin's Hotel, St. James's, wham aputnents have been engaged for their reception. The Duke and Duchess of Hamilton have been detained at Him by the very dangerous illness of Lady Mary Douglas. We learn with much pleasure, from letters re ceived in town yesterday, that bar ladyship has been pro nounced out of danger. The Marquis of Lansdowne will arrive at Lans downe House, to-day, from Bowood. The noble marquis comas to attend the cabinet council, and returns to his country at on Saturday for • few days. Thio Earl and Countess of Derby and Lady Emma Staniey owns to town on Monday next from Known's, Park, Lancashire. The Earl and Countess of Jersey and Lady Cle roestlna Villiers come to town to-morrow from Middleton Park, near Mortar. Viscount and Visoounteas Palmerston arrived in London, yesterday, from Windsor Culls. Lady Stuart de Rothesay arrived in town yester day from Tittenhanger, Herta. Her ladyship will shortly sommpany the Marchioness of Waterford on a tom through France sad Italy. The Baron Lichenatein has arrived at the Bruns wick Hotel, BR. James's. Bir GeOrge Grey returned to town yesterday. The marriage took Films yesterday at the Roman Catholic Chapel, Warwick-suss*, of Major the Hon. Ale:- mdse. Edward Framer Boots Posnise Guards, second son of Lad Lost , to Georgina Mary, oily daughter of George F. Hoessge, Esq., M.P., of Bahasa Hall, Lincolnshire. The sermon nest Sunday evening at Westminster Abbey will be preached by Archdesoon Sinclair, and that on the 24th instant by the Bishop of Oxford. The Dean of Canterbury will preach on some other Sunday. We (CAeltenham Examiner) hear that the vacant ofilos of VW-Principal of Chelteaham College, has been costarred upon the Rev. Oeorp Butler, M.A., late Fellow of Baseer College, Oxford, sou of the late Very Bev. Dr. Butler, late Derr of Peterborough. The newly-appointed Vire-Principal took high hossure at Ala college, and baa been strongly recommended by the Bishops of London, Dar bun, sad Lichfield, and the Vice-Chanadkw of Oxford, as a gentleman eminently qualified for so important a trust. Prayers have been offered up throughout the kingdom d Wurtemberg for the health of the Yin. Hi Majesty, the lest eremite state, neesias without my further improvement. The Prince Royal is she suffering tram ea attack of hillunza. Idonidgme Branoni, now delegate of the Holy the at Kam Lannon, is appointed to the vacant see of Ceasemadeeple. Two ,oung princes of the imperial family of Rads, mat of the late Duke de Leaohtemberg, arrived fa Rome cit the 7th. Naples letters state that the Marquis de la Roche jacquelein, senator, has arrived in that city. He is said to be charged with an important minion. At the last sitting of the French Academy of &Wow M. Bile de Beaumont preempted to the sosileany, In the name of the author, a new volume of M. de Rumboldt's "Comma" A translation of this work will shortly be pub lished in London. A new law on the press has come into force in Denmark, prohibiting newspapers from copying the articles of other journals without quoting them. . - The Pays quotes letters from Pondicherry, of December 12, which state that the teat fete of the Peres. of Madras, who me lees numerous there than at Bombay, was celebrated with extraordinary solemnity. In parsuanos of an ancient rite, which hoe long fallen into disuetude, two whits, after lighting the sacred are, which was to continue burning for a year, threw themselves into the flames, utter ing cries of Joy. This event, for which the spectators were wholly unprepared, produced en immense sensation. • The Cork Constitution states that a corn mer chant of Neath hem felled, with liabilities to the amount at 30,0001. The Emancipation of Brussels says :—" It is re ported that the Minister of Jaelice, Y. Torch, intends to bring in a bill for repealing the laws which limit the vats of intermit for loans and mortgages, sad for allowing nosey to be heated as simple insrehandies. It Is behind that the bill will psis by a great majority." Doubts appear to prevail se to the extent to which the day for the marriage of the Prince's Royal (Monday, the 26th instant) will be kept es a holiday. The London Dock Compaay have applied to the Custom house to law If that department is to be deed, but the officers are not yet able to Inform thine. Any arrangements intended (says the new) should be made known at cam to prevent inconvenisace. At the Beak sad the Stock Exchange, and in the City ge nanny, little imams' is likely to be traasected, and in such cireseastanose it it always best to decide upon a game! holiday at otos, so as to render needless the attendanot of a =oldie& of persons to do wain. . Intelligence has been received that Lieutenant Rothamy Hastings Neville, of H.ll.'s 81st Regiment, sad grsadma of the late Peregrine Xamiagbad, Big., late of Hanby Perk, Lincolnshire, was murdered by the mutinous Savoys, at Pik-rolton, on the flutlej, whilst oa his may to Bombay to be married. He was in hie 26th year. SCARCITY OF Kum IN C/1171C11.—Travel when rola will la that part of the world, from Portugal to Bendes, g mos, hum N to the mouths of the Nati* you Sad tt g nbri g to interest the mole portion of the Mail mei is mitten. Asa body they hare award sa attitude el if sot hostility, asd i so as this callus, I, so ae oas,mor asps* Is see their mew elpffee. It is wry Mim la i the Mild of Amo rist. This you me the themes armed with bellt arms, mil sealsise owrywhate hemed am ou ong pair for self iagotteamest Like eteadess, r Tmeallmito Made see ammetrek too feed of irking roomy; hat they brow oleo wheels end* the atone of mimosa, film pepsin l sad of Os *tag& deletes, sad shay haw me relit= phatiowhaallog wad& awls. the laeopesa iiim itie the be edible illeopero power. I lea arts the ei soalethe Ike Ude se eft al the serest signs dasiarl Males, sad rue of the an et hoped symp tom Ike Aim Mars ; sad I true ati trig Monk will rot misesinftri tot whoa I gay that I lave so km Isr Great Medan kag as her °harsh. sad bar leglamoreeme display • falr prapriAra of sea.-8j mck .1 Mr. Dosemr, M.P., at Glover. THE NATIONAL Pioninwr IltilTlTUTlOff.—Thy arab= et tide lastitatlea aret/eoltedep le ells the Mk reeelaisa, whit wee prilallelmite say lamb= *log by &Map or said% through elltheilbg the aaroommo. It i v a r os rad that members OD Ipiet, fir alb ruplingory" be oil is pass' premium the tan swami et buiesi the essamitso ea their lambi pail dol. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. PRUSSIA. OPENING OF THE CHAMBERS. On Tuesday the Prussian Chambers were opened by commission, M. Manteuffel, President of the Council of Ministers, delivering the following royal speech " Illustrious, noble, and honoured members of the two Chambers of the Diet,—Since the closing of your last session the whole country has been deeply and sorely afflicted by the serious illness of his Ma jesty, our dear King and master. We return thanks to God for granting our prayers, and removing the danger which threatened the august invalid, and for giving us the confident hope of his Majesty's early convalesence. In the meantime the superior direction of the affairs of the government has been confided, in virtue of a delegation, with full powers, renewed within the last few days by his Majesty the King—to his Royal Highness the Prince of Prussia. " The approaching marriage of a royal prince, closely related to the throne, with a princess, the issue of a powerful royal house, of kindred origin, will be hailed by all Prussian subjects with joy. May God bless the royal house and the country, in granting fulfdment to the brilliant hopes excited by this alliance. " No interruption has taken place in our peaceful relations with foreign powers. " The royal government, conjointly with the Imperial Austrian Cabinet, has communicated to the Assembly of the German Diet a report of the negotiations entered into in the interest of Germany with the government of his Majesty the Ring of Denmark, Duke of Holstein and Lauenboarg. We are resolved, in common with all the other govern ments of the German Confederation, to persist in defending German rights and interests in this important matter. Some treaties of commerce, which will be submitted to your constitutional sanction, have been concluded with various states. The last harvest has given a more abundant pro duct of most cereals than we could at first hope for. In consequence of this providential abun dance, a true blessing to the country, the prices of most of the necessaries of life have been succes sively lowered, although for some articles equally indispensable, the price, which had reached an ex traordinary height, has not yet descended to a reason able tariff. The last vintage has been peculiarly favourable; the parts of the country more especi ally engaged in the cultivation of the vine will find in it a compensation for the disappointed expecta tions of preceding years. "By the completion of the bridges over the Vis tula! and the Nogat, and the opening of several new lines of railway, our means of communication have obtained a highly important and continually increas ing development. Commerce and industry have equally flourished during the past year under the in fluence of peace. On the other hand, a derange ment of credit, spreading within the last few months from Northern America to the commercial centres of Europe, has seriously injured, by an inevitable re bound, the industrial activity of our country, espe cially in some of the manufacturing districts. To mitigate as much as possible the consequent prewrure, without too gravely encroaching upon existing laws, the government of his Majesty the King has decided to suspend for three months the restrictions affecting the rate of interest. This measure will be shortly submitted to your constitutional approval. In addi tion, the government will submit to you the project of law, suspended since the last session, relative to the closing of the Banquet de Bootee ; also the im portant measure relating to the colonisation of the eastern provinces of the monarchy. " Yon will see with satisfaction, gentlemen, by the estimates for the current year, now ready for your immediate consideration, that our finanoes are in good order, and that the receipts of the state have increased in a satisfactory manner. It has thus be come possible, not only toprovide forsome supplemen tary expenses which have become important,bnt also for the improvement, likewise urgent, of the salaries of the state fanctionaries ; or, at least, for those of them who are the least remunerated. Nevertheless in this, as in many others, it will be impossible for us to assuage all wants and satisfy every desire. " The government of his Majesty the King be lieves, gentlemen, that, in difficult and trying cir cumstances, it may confidently rely upon your con scientious concurrence in the efforts it may make in the interest of the country. In this confident hope, I now declare, in virtue of the powers conferred upon me, th►t the session of the Chambers is opened." THE PENINSULAR MAILS. Cow =Dome Taixoxsax.) (now out owx comorowom IN, 1.117113 DAT. The Alhambra has arrived with the Peninsular mails. She left Lisbon on the 9th instant. Amongst ha cargo is specie to the value of nearly 20,0001. sterling. Amongst the passengers by the Alhambra is Dr. Lyon, who has been to Lisbon to investigate the natare and causes of the fever which has raged there, and which has carried off 5,400 of the inha bitants. The King of Portugal has conferred on the doctor a high honour for his services. A grand religions ceremony has taken place at Lisbon, to celebrate the cessation of the epidemic there. The King and royal family attended the ceremony. The Bing of Portugal's marriage is to take place the end of April. Great preparations are making for the ceremony. Exchange on London, 30 days, 331 ; 90 days, 641. From Gibraltar we learn that the 92nd regiment of Highlanders and the 71st Light Infantry have orders to proceed to India overland. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. Glom Om PARIS, WIDNWIDAT 'IM MO. The Pays, speaking avowedly with a view to the debates on foreign affairs which will probably take place immediately after the re-opening of the Eng lish parliament, desires to explain what it under stands by an alliance between two great powers in time of peace. Neither party can possibly consent, under the pretext of an alliance, to be subservient to the other. The alliance can only be durable upon the condition that the inde pendence of each shall be respected. It implies instead of excludes the possibility of dis cussion, and it is in the nature of things that the parties should sometimes differ in opinion. The alliance only means that in such cases they will sincerely endeavour to come to an understanding. There is consequently no more reason to say that an alliance is compromised because one power at the commencement of a discussion is of a different opi nion from its allies, or even because on a particular question it may be threatened with isolation, than there would be to insinuate that it is subservient to foreign influence, because it falls into the views of another power without any controversy. Considered with a due regard to these principles, the Pays would feel it easy to demonstrate that the alliance between France and England has not been in the least weak ened. This line of argument, although very reason able, looks like a preface to the disclosure of con siderable differences. The Bourse has again been depressed by a panic in Credit Mobilier. The directors are very much blamed in some quarters, for not publishing their accounts more frequently. Very sinister reports are afloat conceived/1g the prospects of a dividend. Some think there will be none. The shares fell to-day 86fr. The Rente fell 20c. for cash, and 36c. for account, closing at 89fr. 600. and 69fr. 85c. The Orleans, Madura, Western, and Southern railways fell 10fr. each ; Lyons, sfr. ; and Eastern, 2fr. 60e. The Italia del Popolo contains an article in eight columns, by Mazzini, entitled " Party Men in Ac tion." It argues that in the present condition of Italy conspiracy is not only a right but a duty. The Countess de Rens, wife of General Prim, has just been safely delivered in Paris of a son. The Museum of the Luxembourg, which has been closed for some months for repairs, is now reopened to the public. PARIS, TVICIIDAY E'VENINO. You are already aware that • few days since a book entitled " Yrais et faux Catholiques " was pro nounced by a court of law to be libellous, and that the author, a M. Martin, was fined and imprisoned. The matte is so much talked of, and is so curious in connexion with the efforts now making by Ultra montanism to obtain the mastery of the world, that I think some further particulars will be interesting. The most striking facts of the case appear with suf ficient clearness from the judgment of the court, which runs as follows : Considering that in 1857 Martin published and sold a work added "True and Fein Catholics," of which he admits himself to be the author. Considering that in contempt of the constitution, which le the tiret law of the state—a consti tution which reoogul es , confirms, and manatees the great and salutary Deis ple of liberty of worship—Martin, in divers paeans of his work (hare various pages are cited), maintains that tolerance in religions matters, which he an osatically calls toleration, is a product of the adman of the existing civil and political institutions, and a consequence of the liberty of worship , that the lle = ought not to remain passive In the face of the unp un i s h e d violation of the Divine law, and that when she sees the vote. rice of inimical religions rearing their altars by the aide of hers, she ought not, out of any fear of being reproached with intolerance, to shrink from denouncing them. ' That after having d as heretics even lukewarm catholice, Martin " that it is the minion of the church to extirpate idolatry and to puma heresy," and adds that " it is not only the duty, but the right of the church, to pww. to heretics, and that it is imp:male to be a good catholic without accepting and acting up to that an nple ;" and he holds up to the church, as an example to be followed, the maracas of entire peoples, which were armor plished in old times, in order, as he says, to appease the Divine man That Martin invokes the law of Theodosius, which pronounced the penalty of death anal cavern who should relapse tato their old errors; that he justifies the in quisitko, the punishment of burning, auto-da-fes, and the ma ace of the Jews before the departure for the crustier, and raises the church for having, out of its torrent= allowed princes to accomplish these bloody deeds, s that good "dhoti° ought to bow with respect to the "myseiws silence" of the church on this subject; that, after having cited the *maniple of Frans 1., who, to the sear " delivered to the Same a certain n " Z db iri heretics fa to draw down the blessing d Hearse upon his arms, and to set se example of signal piety sad mud genet the new dootrine," he affirms that 'rat that period faith was more livelyand more gen eral than it is In our flay, " and concludes by esserting that . ter the salutary spectacle of those punishments inevitably and by the tenor which they struck formal the tr ue filth into the hearts of those who witnessed them ;" that after having thus falsely deacribed as an institution of hatred and persecution a religion which le all love, pace, and charity, the accused affirms that liberty of worship render, the action of the church powerless, blame " the state for aullearleing mean eresies and more dolly Oh astalled seen," and observes — — "that both di ens and human laws regard as somespliess he a came those who, having the power to prevent it, allow it to be committed, and warns those who are Wrested with the government of men that, if they meet with reisteno• their duty is to use phy sical force to wean silence." That in contempt of the laws which establish the franchises of the Galilean church, Martin maintains " that the Court of Rome has the right to interfere with the temporal _government of France ; " and sake " Why, if there be a thdlima, there may not also be an Anglican, a Spanish, an Austrian, a Chinese church, de.;" and concludes by qualifying the "Galilean chureh es Galilean schism, and maintaining that this schism is a pod. tive heresy." That without respect for the organic laws which declare that instruction is free in France under the high surveillance of the State, Martin dares to maintain that " the church has an inalienable right to the conduct of public instruction," notwithstanding " the general torpor of catholii nations which has spread to the clergy Itself,' and urges the members of the episcopacy' resolutely to smart themselves in the face of secular governments, to nein upon their inviolable right to adman youth, and to declare that they will reams all nerszosnis to all those who receive lay education not authorised the church." Considering that this exposition of bad andangerous doctrines canna but be prejudicial to the interests of the church which he libels by imputing to ft his opinions, and which it is the duty of ittstice to defend the fanatical and Intolerant zeal of Wee friends ; and against exposition is, at the same time, the most violentnega tion of the moderate and salutary principles laid down by law and which every one ought to respect ; that, in produc ing these doctrines with arguments and in a style the ad- Bendy aggressive character of which Is evident, Martin his exceeded all the Hmita allowed by law for the patios of free discossios, and has been guilty of three misdemeanors-1. An attack upon religions worship • 2. An attack upon the t=i to due the laws end the in violability of the rights which soaker ; and 8. Justifying actin, which are de dared by the penal law to be crimes or misdemeanors ; therefore, he., Ras oourt sentences Martin to sax months' imprisonment, and to pay a fine of 2,000 f. The Univers cannot conceal its vexation at thisjudg went, because it feels that the doctrines thus stigma tised, although they are in reality those which its own party would act upon if they could, are stated in each abrupt terms as to shock the public. It de• claree that M. Martin is a wolf in sheep's clothing, that he is not a catholic at all, and has maliciously met forth some of the doctrines of the church unaccompanied by proper ex planations, for the express purpose of bringing them into disrepute. I should not at all wonder if this suggestion of the Unseen should tarn out to be true, aid, if so, M. Martin cannot do better, to while i a m wa priso y so n me men or t, than the te t i o li re ous ad h th ou e rs lif o e f of his pef si oe x , i m n:w ou hi thi ch he will find a case very much in point—that eels. betted writer, if I mistake not, having been from coted and condemned fora pamphlet, called The Shortest way with the Diasenters," which the court understood in a literal sense, but which was meant ironically. If M. Martin's work should do as much for the cause of toleration as Defoe's did, he will be richly "compensated for his present discomfort. A FUNERAL AT MADWIL—The funeral of an English brand at Madeira boa in it something of peculiar and melancholy Interest. Re or she has probably come theirs a long, weary, and expensive voyage, as a der& resort ; almost when too late, bat yet, with great cam time 'slough stall to fight off death. The " great cue' is takm for a time, end with each success, that at length it le pre sewed upon; a slight sold is caustexti is little cough lolowS • few days, sad slitter had bean kat ; all that he! bra struggled for for maths,with Each anxious ars, is gees ; sad under the sane brilliant sun, along the oars road, trurreesded by the same prows—his very hone pr baps ridden by ow of than—you follow to the grave one but a slant weak duos, despite Al-Iteelth, the gayest and mast arresting oroprion of many a rids. This is the , sinister and tirehing part as to = at Madeira. Ile ass looks an braled, no one acts as such ; i so pals censor ties eks, asd mouths closed with resp mut year eye ; che er almost sera in good health, a me nd leading the most *mast oat-door ea/stews ; and it never tome yew mind bow war the thrsshbotd of eternity are all oval you, till, you look out of your window soma lovely cloud lase Dooming, your eye is dled by the eau &wing on ths diver plate of a °ran, as ils and pest, and by it you est how have faded all the cherished hopes of reinneleg haat quits arca& you lad bat a few days eines boos L some young and interesting invalid.—/rish 1 1 1 1 = 1 if Laser, Jan. member. THE MOOLVIELDE BtfilatenartniD.—At a eon of the Cit amaWmasof Sewers on Traday a report from Dr. an the mortality stares for the queer wee prorated, the rare of which he dwells urn the huger of disturbing this old graveyard. A Wee was red from Mews. Piper aad Young, the raters, against whom a pro 1111011d0111 ha has eonmomosd for so drag, and who now ga min deep their regnet, promising to make any swar med' which the oseeialesiesere ore their medical ofilow shwa propels. Afber same oaaverestion It was resolved to peel pone the trial el the Indietment against Yews. Piper sal Tsang this undentsading. THE RUT INDIA COMPART.—After oar re= of the meeting st t•letere yesterday, at the East Hoag% woo dmilai the dieemelos wee adjow nod gad Wedseeday and.