The Express. — London, England, 1864-04-22 00:00:00

GENERAL GARIBALDPS MOVEMENTS. VISIT TO EARL AND COURT= RUSSELL. At 2 o'clock the General, aocompauied by Mr. Seely, M.P. paid a visit to the Earl and Countess Russell, at Pembroke-lodge, Richmond-park. It was generally known that he would visit Richmoud, and the inhabitants testified their respect for him by a display of flags. A great many persons col lected iu the park, and there were also many car riages containing parties of ladies and children. It is almost needless to say the General was enthusim tically received. At Pembroke-lodge the childreu of the local schools were accommodated within the enclosure, and welcomed the arrival of the General by loud cheering. The General, after bowing graciously to the assembled people, was received by the Earl and Counts.. Russell. There were pre sent to meet the General at luncheon, the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, the Earl Gran ville, the Earl and Countess of Minto and Lord Melgund, Lady Gilbert Kennedy and Misses Peel, Colonel and Lady Elizabeth Romilly, Mr. Arthur Russell, ALP., Ron. George Elliot, Mr. Panizzi, and Mr. Seely, M.P.: tovtker with Viscount Amberley and Lord and Lady Russell's family. On his arrival General Garibaldi was presented with a bouquet of flowers by Lady Mary Agatha Russell, the youthful daughter of the noble earl and countess. After promenading the pleasure grounds attached to the lodge, he took leave of the earl and couutess, and with Mr. Seely departed at a quarter past 3 o'clock on his return to town by way of Kew. The General was loudly cheered on taking his departure. A number of visitors called upon the General yesterday at Mr. Seely'a. VISIT TO THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. In the afternoon it was rumoured about the houses of parliament that General Garibaldi would pay • visit to the House of Commons at hall-past 4 o'clock. At that hour the house was very full, and shortly after Signori Menotti and Riociotti, the sons of the General, accompanied by six gentlemen, entered the diplomatic gallery in front of the Speaker's and Strangers' galleries aid were spec tators of the little scene arising out of the inter ruption of the Chancellor of the Exchequer by Mr. Vincent Scully, when the right honourable gentleman was stating the part he had taken in reference to the early departure of General Gari baldi from this country. At half-past 5, a rush of members in a body into the house from the lobby preceded the appearance of General Garibaldi, who, accompanied by Mr. Seely, M.P., entered the Peers' Box under the gallery, on the right of the principal door of the house. The General occupied the seat on the extreme right close to the doorway. Mr. Seely having procured a paper containing the orders of the day, endea voured to point out to Garibaldi the subject which was under discussion. Having remained for about ten minutes, the General took his departure from the Commons and proceeded to the House of Peers, where he stood on the steps of the throne. The Bishop of Oxford, the Earl of Harrowby, the Earl of Shaftesbury, anal Earl Russell, went up and greeted him. Having stayed but a few minutes, he retired. As he passed along the corridors and through the central ball, he was followed by a large number of members and other persons privileged to loiter in those precints of the Palace of Westminster, who were as enthusiastic and demonstrative in their attentions as was consistent with the preservation of order in the immediate vicinity of the legislative chambers. PRESENTATION OF THE FREEDOM OF THE FISHMONGERS' COMPANY. Yesterday evening the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers gave a splendid banquet to General Garibaldi, on the occasion of presenting him with the honorary freedom of the company. As on all former occasions when the General appeared in public the streets were crowded all along the line of his progress, and the company assembled within the hall itself was more numerous and brilliant than on any former occasion. Amongst the com pany who accepted invitations to meet the General were : The Duchess Dowager of Sutherland, the Duchess of Sutherland, the Duke sad Duchene of Argyll, the Furl and Countess of Shaftesbury, Viee•Chaooellor Sir W. Page Wood and Lady Wood, Sir Rowland and Lady Hill, Lady Fastbope ; Sir S. M. Peto, Bart, M.P., and Lady Pato ; the Dean of Ripon, Hine Cast, and Mrs. Goode ; Colonel and lire. Chambers, Colonel Eleey ; Mr. Charles Seely, M.P., and Mrs. Seely ; Major Snell, Captain Forbes, R.N., Cap tain Robert and Mrs. Richardson, Alderman and Miss Law. ream, Mr. C. C. Trevor and Mrs. Trevor; Mr., Mrs., and Mies Wykeham Martin ; Mr. end Mrs. D. Loveless, Mr. and Mn. Harvey Lewis, Mr. J. J. Tweed, Mr. Barnet, Mr. S. Olding, the Chairman of the Union Society, Mr. and Mrs. P. Northail Laurie, Mr. F. Leighton, R. A., Captain Grant ; Mr. Fenton, deputy chairman of the Great Western Railway Company ; Mr. R. G. Underdown, At the dinner the chair was taken by the Prime Warden, J. Weston, Esq., and on his right hand sat General Garibaldi ; on the left sat the Duchess of Sutherland ; and at the Prime Warden's table were the Duchess of Argyll, the Duchess Dowager of Sutherland, the Countess of Shaftesbury, and the Earl of Shaftesbury. The dinner dfa Rum, provided by Messrs. Ring and Burner, was of the most magnificent description, and included the rarest delicacies of the season. The band of the Grenadier Guards played in the vestibule. Mr. Harker officiated as toastmaster. On the removal of the cloth the usual loyal toasts were given, and when proposing the health of the Queen, the Prime Warden said : This which is sometimes oiled a formal toast ia riot such in Fishmonger'-hall, but is the expression of devoted loyahy to her Majesty, and added that he was convinced that the manta, will willingly submit to any deprivation rhoossoory for the restoration and preservation of her Ma juity'khrialth—eo invaluable to this nation. When propoeing the health of General Garibaldi, the PRIME , ARDEN said: It wee not desired to make the meetiog one of political deroonstastion, or to indicate or draw forth any expression of opinion upon the questions affecting Italy. It was wished to be an occaaion of evincing unanimous appreciation of the high qualities of General Garibaldi and admiration of his character ea • hero, • patriot, and a roost distinguished friend of liberty. (Load cheers.) The Prime Warden, in continuation, mentioned as =additional claim which General G aribaldi had on the gratitude of Englishmen, that when he (Garibaldi) was dictator in Naples, one of his first acts was to give a piece of ground for the erection of an English protestant church, the value of which ground was at least 2,0001. (Loud cheers.) General Garibaldi rose to respond to the toast, and was greeted with the most enthusiastic cheer ing. He said : I am here to give my thanka to the noble Fishmongers' Company, and to all the noble ladies and members present, for drinking my health. In the small act of mine at Naples to which the Prime Warden has alluded I only gave a small proof of my gratitude to the English nation. lam proud and happy now to make a personal acquaintance with the people of that nation ; and I pray you to accompany me in drinking prosperity and sumer to that nation, more particularly on amount of the sympathy which its people have always showed my country. (Loud cheers.) I propose the health of Eog land, the freest country in the world, and that which sets an example of the value of freedom to all the world. (Loud cheers.) The Pima W.tauit.x then gave " The Honorary Members," joining with the toast the name of the Earl of Shaftesbury. The Earl of SHATIIIIIIGRY, in returning thanks, said that the Prime Warden had very properly ordained that short speeches were to be the order of the evening. His lordship then proceeded to return thanks for the honorary members, and passed a warm eulogium on the guest of the evening. Few Englishmen, he said / could speak of that man without the deepest emotion—a man who seemed to represent in his own person all the beat qualities of human nature. In the language of Scripture, it ' might be said of Garibaldi that, " his heart was as large as the sands of the sea." He (Lord Shaftes bury) was glad to have been permitted that oppor tunity of testifying his opinion as to the character of Garibaldi. (Hear, hear.) General GARIBALDI then gave "The Prime Warden and Members of the Fishmongers' Coni- . 1 44 'tiny," which having been duly botoured, the la lies retired to the tea room, sad the remitting' toasts were disposed of. Immediately afterwards the company adjoined to the reception room, where Garibaldi having taken his seat, the whole of the large company were presented, as at the royal levees, and this core monial over the General returned to the grand ball, when his freedom was formally presented and the following resolution read : dt a geeeral court of assistants, holds, at Fiehmmtgers' Hall, on Thursday, the 14th of April. 1864 :—Resolved usanimonsly, " That the honorary freedom of this company be offered to Geaeral Garibaldi in testimony of the court's appreciation of his exalted patriotism, his dintingnisbed valour, sad his *misses services is the cause of civil sad religions liberty. That • copy of this resolution be pee. seated to the General, enclosed in a gold box of the value of ass handnd guineas." The Prime Warden,. in presenting the freedom in a massive gold box, briefly recapitulated the history of the company, which, lie said, had existed for up wards of WO years, and bad been established for a purpose with which the General must sympathise, namely, the protection of the oppressed. The resolution having been placed in the box the latter was presented to General Garibaldi, who signed the burgess roll, and shortly afterwards left the hall. The evening's entertainment terminated with dancing. DEPARTURE OF GARIBALDI FROM EqGLA..ND. A special meeting of the Working Men's Recep tion Committee warn held last night at the Whittington Club, Mr. R. Grey, mama, is the chair, to consider the final deciaioa of General Garibaldi m to leaving Euglead. About 100 delegates were present, sad Messrs. Phenol, Nieholay, Sheen. Morris, and Taylor atteededas a &pita tioa from the City committee. Mr. Taylor, one of the members of the deputation, reported the reply of Garibaldi to the deputation, as follows : "Princes-gate, Kensington, April 21, 1864.—Dear Friends,—Pray accept my heartfelt thanks for your eyes. patty and affection. I shall be happy to see you again en • better oocaeioo, when it will be possible for me to enjoy at imams the hospitality of your noble country. For the present I feel Witted to leave England. Again and again my gratitude to you all.—G. GARIBALDI. To J. Richardson, He stated that a strong resolution of indignation had been adopted by the City committeson the receipt of that letter ; considering that he had said in the letter " obliged " wee a convincing proof that undue Immure bad bees used on the General to hurry his departure. The City Committee were prepared to co-operate with the Working Men's Committee in any action they might take upon the matter. After considerable discnasios, in the course of which meth indignation was expressed at the course taken b some person or persons in nosing the Gs ueral to leave the following resolutions were unani mously adopted :—Proposed by Mr. Potter, seconded by Mr. Graisinith, "That this committee has ascertained that General Garibaldi is in very good health, and that the came of his intended departure is not illness, but preemie cised on him by members sod adherents of the government, and especially by Mr. Gladstone." Proposed by Mr. Trim lett, and seconded by Mr. Petheridee, "That this calm ' mitten looks on the attempt of the governing classes I to expel an illustrious guest of the nation as a scandal to this country, and a violation of all the principles of freedom ; and it repudiates any such cid ble subservience to royal dictation at home or abroad." by Mr. Vistas, seconded by Mr. Mildred, "That this committee resolves on °Twining a series of publie demonstrations to express the indignation of the workiag men of London at this ir.stilt offered to their groat repre sentative." Proposed by Mr. Potter, and seconded by Mr. Trimlett, " That the first public meeting be held on Prim new bill on Saturday afternoon next, at 5 o'clock." Pro posed by Mr. Cromer, and seconded by Mr. Odgers, " That this committee put itself into communication with all working men's societies in this metropolis and in the pro. vines. " A deputation was then appoiuted to carry a copy of the resolutions to Mr. Gladstone at the House of Com mons, and copies were also sent off to Mr. Seely, M.P., and to General Garibaldi. The meeting then adjourned. The Duke of Sutherland's yacht, which is to convey back General Garibaldi and suite to Captors, arrived at Plymouth end proceeded to the Greet Western Docks, yesterday. The railway authorities at that port are making preparations for the reception of the General. The Lord Mayor received a telegram, yesterday, from Palermo, sigued Albanese, from the University youths in Palermo, tendering their grateful thanks for the *Win siartic reception given to General Garibaldi in the City of London. ------ GLRIBALDI ON umi BLAHS OF THE SZSPIUTTINZ.— Yeaterday morning, between nine and ten o'clock, Garibaldi wag permitted to enjoy a quiet half-hour, on the banks of the Serpentine, where be met Colonel Hugh Forbes, an old comrade in arms, and Mr. Edward Myers, civil engineer, for the purpose of inspecting their model of a steamboat furnished with the newly invented propelling apparatus patented by them. Not more than a dozen or twenty per sons, who had mostly been invited to witness the experi ment, were assembled around the Humane Society's Boat house while the General was there, end they simply recog nised his presence by a courteous salutation as he passed. The invention—in which he seemed to take very great intereet, handling all parts of the machinery, sod patting many questions to its conductors — is simple, and promises to be efficient. By this apparatus, cementing of a long tube open to the water both fore and aft, which traverses the bottom of the vessel almost from stem to stern, with an engine amidships to suck the water into the tube at one end and discharge it at the other, the boat is made to pull and push herself swiftly along. The little model shown to Garibaldi is of copper, seven feet in length, tonnage, three cwt, with a miniature steam-engine, worked by the flame of a spirit lamp. She made an exceedingly good rate of speed alum the Serpentine, though under great died vantages, having a propelling apparatus made for a smaller model, and only one-third the air. that it should have been in proportion to this boat, while there was a hogs dead weight in the inordinate size of the boiler, • weight, when fall of water, exceeding sixty pounds. The inventors of this method of propulsion believe that it will surpass every other in speed and demolition. It seems to secure a groat economy of power, and Garibaldi, for one, expressed his high opinion of its merits. It is obvious that a steam nasal of this kind must be safer from many accidents than a paddle-wheel or screw steamer, which is often liable to be fouled. GARIBALDI'S DEPARTURE. TO THE EDITOR OF Tar LURES& SIR,—I observe in NORIO of the morning papers of to-day a statement relative to the departure of General Garibaldi, in which my name is introduced as having been one of a committee under whom advice he came to the determination to bring his visit to a close. Very numerous invitations to visit provincial towns had been presented to General Garibaldi, and provisionally accepted. In the opinion of some friends of the General this list was too long. It would have involved too great a tax upon his strength, or, with the necessary intervals of rest, would have taken a longer time than was advisable to exhaust. My opinion has been in favour of a tour, restricted to some half a dozen of the prin cipal towns of England and Scotland, to be con cluded within a fortnight, more or leas. The General felt that he could not draw this line, and determined to accept the alternative of terminating his visit at once. I observe that last night deputations waited upon him to entreat him to reconsider that determina tion—and I for one trust that he will do so—and that the limited tour of which I have spoken will yet take place. I may add, that I have been a member of no "committee," and do not understand that there has been any committee formed to advise him in this matter ; but I was at Mr. Seely's house yesterday morning, and was invitee. by the Gene ral's host to be present, as a witness to a determi nation upon the General's part, which was ex pressed in my presence, but which I deeply regret. I shall feel much obliged by your giving publicity to this note in your journal.—l am, kc. ' London, April 21. A. 11A.FFL UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FOR WALLA. —WO bees that an effort is just being made to effect a junction between St. David's College, Lempeter, and the movement for promoting university and high school education in the Pnncipality. St. David's College is the church of England clerical seminary in Wales, having, as principal, Dr. Ismailia, Dean of St. David's, and, as vice-principal, Pro teaser Perowne, the accompli shed successor of Dr. Rowland Williams, of " Essays and Reviews" celebrity. It is under stood that this valuable institution has recently received a large augmentation to its income, sod that its curriculum of study is to be considerably enlarged and improved. It is much to be hoped, therefore, that the pro posed amicable co-operation between its managers and the committee formed for procuring for the long neglected principality of Wales a University constituted on the most liberal basis, should become an accomplished fact. The university committee, judging from its prospectus, occupies • purely non-sectarian platform, and proposes to join by "affiliation" to the university, all colleges in Wales whose course of study shall come up to the standard of education which shall be finally approved. We shall wait anxiously to see if our friends in Wale* are possessed of sufficient wisdom to hold in partial abeyance their small ecclesiastical distinctions, in order to secure for their country the boon of a broadly planned scheme of libend education. ) Ex . _ 1 404 .PR: FRIDAY E „. Epc*Yr lar it NCill AND FLEMISH; As • eollection of Works of foreign artiste this ex hibitioo is sow looked to with an intend quite equal to that which meets the yearly crop of produce of our own soil, where anis cultivated less accordirug to rule and more in accordance with nature—where the painter has to look more to the taste of the great public than to government patronage which exercises so important an induces. open art abroad. The exhibition is one that hag never exactly represented the difference, between the condition of art la Freon, in Germany, and in England ; it has never shown us any of the Lige academic works of the foreign ashoolle; and therefore it must be considered as offering a good comparison chiefly in oar direction—that o cabinet pictures of domestic seotiment, of Isairsaps and rustic figures with cattle, and of incident more or less dramatic and blondest. These sere, indeed, our own strong points, and it must tend to benefit oar artists and enlarge the public taste to have the opportunity every year of seeing so many excellent works of the Belgian and French schools. This year, the eleventh, we have an exhibition decidedly inure interesting than any of its prideriosors, as it not only contains many works quite up to the ordinary standard, but two pictures by Gillett, which represent modern art at its bast in historical incident. It in scarcely necessary to remind the reader that M. Louis Gellait is the painter of those remarkable pictures in the International Exhibition, "Count Egmout with hie Confessor,” and " The last honours paid to Counts Egmont end Horn," both of which, it should be remarked, are the pro perty of public bodies the first belonging to the Moine Royal, Berlin, the other to the town of Toupin. When these works, which were painted nearly twenty years ago, were seen, it was felt that Belgium Paa' gassed • painter from whom our artists might liana some of the secrets of art. The pictures exhibited now are own more impressive in some of the hither requisites of expres sion, while they escape the charge of being horrifying, which attached with some justice to the picture of the beheaded bodies of the two nobles shown to their followers. The s trong feeling of the painter for expression seems to have become tempered with thoughtfulness, without losing any thing of artistic beauty in the expression, which is the very life of a picture. The subjects are from the same period, and are " Vargas taking the oath as President of the Connell of Blood," and "Counts Egmont and Hors hearing the sentence of death." The two subjects are finely chosen : the one showing the murderous ooespincy of the unrelenting and bloodymindedagainst all who refused their so-called holy catholic faith ; the other, the *obi s victim' of this atrocious cruelty. The pictures therefore are made to correspond somewhat in composition, and the figures in each are not quite full length. In the " Oath of Vargas," In stands in • robe of scarlet, one band upon the hilt of his sword, the other on the book, which two mem ber, of the council, with eager and savage looks, hold open before him ; his face betrays the fell cruelty at his heart, and fire nein to glimmer in his small eyes under those knitted brows as he swears to something more dreadful than eves the oath demands. Alva, seated completely armed in a splendid gold inlaidsuit, looks up athim, his haudnedflow ing grey :mord concealing his mouth, as if astonished and pleased at his surpassing cruelty ; behind is a fanatic monk raising the crucifix, with looks worthy of • malefactor of Golgotha itself. In the picture of the sentence, the greffier, dressed in • black robe, stands reading the sentence by a torch held behind by the gaoler. Horn is seated listen ing, with • calm and grave smile on his face, whil e Egmont, more impetuous sod indignant, has risen from the seat and is restrained by his confessor at his side, who grasp his hand, and lays his arm upon his shoulder : be hind the seat is one of their faithful followers, wringing his hands in mute despair. There is nothing in the least obtrusive in either of these noble works on the aide of the technicalities ; we are im pressed at once with the scene before us, without thinking of the beauty, although that, of course, exercises it s charm, just as the language and imagery of Shakespeare do when we witness his scenes. But it is the intense expressiveness of the whole group, the earnest, perfectly unselfconscious look of the actors, that strikes the mind at once, and calls up the scene with such touching reality. The painter in these works completely smerfa the equality of his art with all the great allied powers of expresion. A great excellence, too, will be remarked in the appereat simplicity of the painting, and the ease, naturalness, and repose of the treatment, ell conspiring to give that dignity and reserve of style which belong only to the great artist. M. J. L. Gerogne ban contributed • small picture, very different in subject from his " Gladiators " or the "Aspens," bat in which we perceive the same fine feeling for colour and originality in choice of subject. This picture represents simply • Nile boat conveying • prisoner, with the officer seated at the bead of the boat ; two stout Arabs, one jet black, the other of the Coptic hue, pulling at the oars ; the culprit stretched across the boat on his back, his hands feat in the old wooden stocks ; while a fantastic musician unshed on the don seems to be deriding the primmer with his music. The landscape, with the smooth river and the glowing sky, is by no means the least interesting part of the picture, though the figures are as well studied and pic turesque as anything the artist ever painted. M. Henry Lays has attracted no little notice and repute from his singular fancy for repeating the antiquated pictures of the 15th century of the Flemish school. There would be small objection to the costumes and the subjects were it not that M. Len chooses also to paint in the black tons which the old pictures have sank into from age and original want of knowledge as to the materials of the palette. His pictures remind one of sons modern affeentioes in printing books in old black4sttsr type. "Going to Church on New Year's Day, Aatwarp, Sixteenth Century," is really • sur prisingly well-studied picture, fall of truth of a certain bard and sharp kind, in the stonework of the buildings, in the dresses of the figures ; the snow, not admitting of black, I. the only natural-looking thing in the picture ; the rest is thoroughly artificial, stiff, and unpinning, inammuch as all the luxuries of the eye are renounced for bare matters of fact. It is art certainly, but art without its principal feature—beauty. M. Plum is one of the most satisfactory followers of Menksier, though at • respectful interval, yet as we think nearer to that master of all the exquisite nuances of colour than some of his pupils. 117, the scene from the Boar peal Genii/warm (Act iv., Scene 2) is an admirable work Madame Jourdain is represented entering the room in • triumph of inclissatioo, startling the gay party into every attitude of surprise and half-suppremed fun. Yet there is no caricature of any kind : all te naturally touched from the violocoello player, who has left off his concerto, to the grand lady in blue velvet melanin the air of offended majesty, M. Edouard Frne bas sent only one Motors (48), "Saying Grace," a work delightful in its pont:eying of peasant life, though not perhaps quite free from a certain affectation of a moral purpose on the part of the painter, which never accords well with art, at least when thus pointedly expressed. The figures, however, are beautifully toothed, and the colouring is so true and so free from the common efforts at display as to win the highest praise. M. Ituiperez, another pupil of Meiesonler, has two very good examples of the miniature groups, which in his masted' bends are so wonderful -125, " The Areatetirs," and 126, " The Card Players." In both, however, we notice the want of that peculiar sense of colour sod life-like character which stamp the work of Misissoaier. By B. Vibert there is a capital picture, though somewhat black in toms, of two French artists on • walking tour taking their siesta under the shade of en alcove at a Spanish posed% M. Adolphe Schreyer paints in the French manner some very picturesque scenes of sledge travelling in Ramis, and " Vallagues tra velling through • storm," all rather lower in tone than our landscape painters adopt, but very meritorious works in their bold handling and general truthfulness. Madame Jerichan exhibits • large work (74) 'The Ship wrecked" • Danish or Swedish family attending to and trattorias a mother and her child. Unfortunately it is im possible to overlook in this picture that the artist has borrowed, at least, a blanket from the remarkable picture by Madame Henrietta Brown—" The sickichild." This was an oversight, and it detracts to no small degree from the effect of en otherwise able work. At the mine time it should be said that Madame Jerichau whose talenta are so fully acknowledged, has shown abundance of originality and accomplished art in some parts of the picture. M. Lies , " Lambs surprised by a Wolf " (100) is • whimsical title of • picture very cleverly painted, of • young countryman suddenly coming upon two pretty girls walking in the fields. M. Achenbach is an able landscape painter of the Belgian school, and he is seen to great advantage in a large sea pie" "The Jetty at Ostend." It is rarely that the tremendous turmoil of the surf rushing upon the shore is painted with so much vigour and with such a complete suggestion of the wild dashing of the waves seething and foaming over the rocks sod the strong timbers of the jetty. There are many other pictures which deserve notice, and the present exhibition is altogether the best that has been got to gether, the two fine works of Gallsat's indeed alone giving it an importaooe and interest which cannot fail to make the French Gallery one of the most attractive exhibitions of the 111111s0n. APRIL 22,. t rG I 'ltchiol! . \._ 1 , rERICA. I P ): Niiii Ye —e— way :ORK SANITARY JOUR. • (11201 t Ova SPECIAL CORREAPONDIEET.) NEW YORK, Ariz 6. In gi►ing you Borne account a few weeks ago of the organisation and working of the sanitary com mission, I mentioned, but only mentioned, the efforts that were being wade to fill its treasury by "fairs" on a great scale held in the large towns. The credit of originating the plan belongs, I believe, to Chicago, that wonder of the West—a great, rich, luxurious city, with 300,000 inhabitants, standing on a spot over which, but twenty-five years ago, the red Indian trapped and shot deer. The funds of the commission were running low last autumn. California had contributed 200,000/, in money, and the rest of the country over 1,000,00 W. worth in stores ; but the drain of the summer campaign had been enormous. Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Charleston, Vicksburg, and Chicks mauga had been bloody enough to have exhausted a flow of benevolence tenfold greater than this, great as this undoubtedly was. The commission had determined that whenever their cash in hand fell below 20,0001. they would begin to make arrangements for " winding-up the con cern," as they would look on this m au indi cation that the interest of the country iu the enter prise was flagging, or its means becoming exhausted. The lowest point was reached in October ; the balance at the bank had nearly sunk below the mark, when a powerful appeal was made to the country to uphold the commission on grounds of patriotism as well as of humanity. The West was the first to respond. It is not rich by any means in money, but in everything else it abounds. Bo it was determined to call on all classes and conditions to send in contributions, if not money, of anything they had, farm produce, cattle, machinery, cloth, cotton—no matter what. The result was a great fair in Chicago, lasting a week, and realising 80,000 dollars. It was followed by a fair at Cincinnati, which brought in 245,000 dollars; at Cleve/and, which brought in 60,000 dollars ; at Buffalo, which brought in 40,000 dollars ; at Albany, 32,000 dollars ; at Brooklyn, 400,000 dollars, making a grand total of 777,000 dollars. Allowing 50 per cent. discount for the premium on gold, this is equal to 100,000/. sterling ; though in reality it indi cates as much sacrificepn the part of the contribu tors as if the dollar held its old value, foe prices have kept pace with gold. This, you will admit, is an enormous sum to have been contributed since the Ist of November last for a charitable purpose, by a people who had just gone through three years of war, and had already contributed towards the same object nearly a million sterling. I can at present remember no parallel for it, and if any of those who are fond of holding up the Americana to execration as • greedy, grasping race, who worship the dollar, and even go to war on speculation, know of anything in the history of any other nation at all approaching it, I should be glad to hear of it. When it came to the turn of Boston to hold a fair, several new features were introduced into the performance. Thirty or forty artists painted each a small picture in water colour or oil ; the whole were made up into a portfolio and rallied for, and brought 5001. Then every family in Massachusetts ran sacked drawer and closet, and produced allthe relics and curiosities to be found, and lent them for exhi bition—old clothes, old boots, old furniture ; chairs that had come over the sea in the Mayflower ; ruffles that old governors bad worn on state occasions; pins that had been stuck into witches when witches infested the colony in the palmy days of Cotton Mather ; weapons that had been stained with Indian blood lathe very earliest struggles, or had been borne under the old flag at Lonisbonrg or Quebec. Of modern curiosi ties there were a great number. Those goods sent to the fair from abroad were admitted duty free, and the managers of the fair accordingly ordered large supplies from Europe of silks, laces, and jewellery, and numbers of ladies made all their purchases in this way, and waited some time in order to do so. Brooklyn, which to all the rest of the world is a suburb of New York, separated from it by the " East River," but to the Brooklynites is a sepa. rate city, with its own peculiar claims to dis tinction—is inhabited in a large measure by New Englandera. The spirit of the place is puritan and anti-slavery. Henry Ward Beecher reigns supreme in it ; churches swarm in it ; Sunday is kept in it as it is nowhere else ; and if the people cannot be said to vie with New York in polish or ele gance, it is fully its match in the energy and enterprise of their business men. In fact a large number of the merchants of New York, and of the moat successful ones too, live in Brooklyn, and cross the ferry to and from their counting-houses morning and evening. One of the most marked characteristics of the inhabitants is local pride and jealousy of New York, and when they determined upon holding a fair in aid of the Sanitary Commission they resolved that it should surpass anything of the kind that bad as yet been done. The contributions were accordingly sent in on a grand scale. Every trade, in fact every shop keeper and artisan in the city, was canvassed, and contributed something. And a huge "New England kitchen " was erected, with the big rafters, wide fireplace, dresser, settle, and pewter of the olden time. The ladies who officiated in it wore the dress of the seventeenth century, and all the dishes for which New England is famous—the pork and beans, pumpkin pies, buckwheat cakes, the sweet cake, " popped corn," were served up to all comers who chose to pay for them upon the old pewter with the old steel forks. There was a charge for admission to the kitchen, as well as for eating what was cooked in it, and the thing " paid," as might be expected, wonderfully. Few of the younger visitors ever before had so clear an idea of how their great grandmothers looked, and what kind of firepkoes they sat round in the long winter evenings long ago, while trying to reconcile predes tination with free will, and justify " the Lord's dealings with the sinner." After Brooklyn came the turn of New York. Its population is one million ; that of Brooklyn only three hundred thousand, while the dispropor- GI in wealth is of course much greater ; so if Brooklyn was able to raise 400,000 dollars, it was determined that the fair here should produce at least 1,000,000. A meeting of ladies was called in the early part of the year to discuss the matter, as it was to be essentially a ladies' work, and it ended in the appointment of two committees one of ladies, and oue of gentlemen to assist them. A large plot of unoccupied ground was found in Four teenth-street, near Fifth-avenue, the centre of the fashionable quarter, about two acres in extent. The owner refused to let it. A wealthy shipowner stepped forward, bought it of him at his own price, and handed it over to the committee. An immense wooden structure was run up on it in a few weeks. Sub-committees were formed, and sent round to canvass every trade and profession in the city. Every one of them has sent in donations. - ; \ . l —curers lime learned, the singers have sting, , theatre* Wells giveh performances, and handed /or the proceeds to the committee of the fair. As pollee have subscribed largely in money, the firemen both in money and goods. The voters, saddlers, clothiers, jewellers, ironmongers, linendrapers, and in fact every trade, has made enormous contributions in goods ; even the confee timers, as the donations began to pour in, soon found that the building would be too small, and ten days before the opening they determined to run up another, extending across the upper end of Union-square, 300 feet long, and about fifty feet broad. Carpenters were hunted up in every direc • tion, the timber was sent in at cost price, the master workmen gave their time for nothing, and the thing was completed yesterday. This last one contains all that cannot find room in the first, in cluding a "Dutch kitchen," which is to reproduce old New York life in the days of the Knicker bockers, ladies and their black "helps" in the dress of the last century,—a large open fireplace with a pile of blazing logs in it, the "slave bunk" in one corner, the high-backed chairs of the family all round, and on plain deal tables will be served up the " waffles," the "doughnuts," the cakes, the other unwholesome dainties in which ancient Dutchmen delighted, and in which their descendants still delight. The internal arrange ments of this second building have not, however, been completed as I write, and it will be open to the public for the first time to-day. The " fair," pro- perly so called, was commenced by a general military parade on Monday, composed of three thousand regulars and about five thousand of the States militia, and I am bound to say that, taken for all in all—in dress, drill, marching, and physique—l never saw a finer bodyof men, although I have seen the elite of the principal European ar mies. There are some regiments of the city militia —the Seventh for one—whose marching I have never seen equalird, except by the English Guards in the good old times before the Crimean war. All New York seemed to have turned out to see the show ; the streets along the line of the procession swarmed from the side walk to the housetops ; the omnipresent stars and stripes fluttered from every window, and the interest of the occasion was heightened by the fact that every regiment present had been in the field. The regulars had been through the bloodiest fields in Virginia ; the militia had all served a month, or two or three, each sum mer ; the Seventh, the pride of every New Yorker, were the first Northern troops that appeared at Washington in answer to the President's first call, in April, 1861, and had been the first to re-open communication with the capital after the Baltimore rowdies had broken it, marching along the railroad, and re-laying the rails as they went. The ranks are now fuller than ever, but fully two thirds of those who filled them three years ago have since volunteered in other regiments for active service—most of them as officers—and I need hardly say a large proportion of those who did so are now under the sod all over the seat of war. In the evening the fair was formally opened, by speeches and music. Dr. Adams, a presbyterian clergyman, prayed ; Wendell Holmes's now famous "Army Hymn" was sung by a full choir, with a band accompaniment, and the vast crowd that thronged the building fairly throbbed with excite ment as some of the verses rolled along. o Lord of Hosts. Almighty King, Behold the sacrifice we bring ; To every arm Thy strength impart, Thy Spirit shad through every heart. Wake in our breasts the living fires, The holy faith that warmed our sires ; Thy power has made our nation free, To db for her is serving Thee. Be Thou a pillared flame to show The midnight soars, the silent foe ; And when the battle thunders loud, Stall guide us in its moving cloud. God of all nations, Sovereign Lord, In Thy dread name we draw the sword ; We lift the starry flag on high That fills with light our stormy sky. No name in flaming emblems wave To bar from hope the trembling slave ; No more its radiant glories shine To blast with woe one child of Thine. Looked at from the tory "standpoint," and with the theory that the Northerners are covetous knaves, who are fighting the South out of pure love of blood and plunder, the spectacle while this hymn was being sung was a very extraordinary one. The Fair was opened to the public yesterday, and I spent the forenoon in walking through it. The reporters of the morning papers have, as usual, gone into hysterics over it. The Herald declares that the scene in the interior, as witnessed the night of the inauguration, "conveyed to the observer an idea of elegance and enchantment which can only be equalled in the privileged precincts of the Oriental world." " Oh for a Sadi !" he then exclaims frantically, " to tell of the glories of the first night of the fair—its beauty, its poetry, its charity, its elegance, its worth, its magnifi cence." This is, of course, all bosh. What " the privileged precincts of the Oriental world" may contain, I don't know, but it need not contain anything very splendid to eclipse the Metropolitan Fair. It is not by any means for its "splendour" that it is remarkable. If you can suppose one wing of the Exhibition building roofed over with wood, and very handsomely and tastefully decorated, you will have a very good idea of the appearance of the interior. The goods are exposed on circular tables, the young lady volunteers who sell them standing in the inside dressed in black, and wearing blue scarfs. The goods, as I have said, are of all kinds, and from all parts of the country. There is nothing remarkable about them in appearance, quality, or workmanship ; what is remarkable is that they are free gifts, many of them from persons who might fairly be called poor, and that they have been offered for the relief of the sick and wounded of the army in the field, and that donations for inch a purpose on such a scale were never seen anywhere before. In the arrangement and decora tion of the building there is ample proof of the rapid advances which have been made by New York within the last few years in artistic taste. The building has been hastily constructed, is of wood, and has to be strong ; and yet all the un sightliness that must necessarily result from these incidents has been admirably concealed. In the centre there is a magnifioent—for this is really magnificent—" Temple of Flora," a sort of pavi lion of flowers : flowers in pillars, columns,capitala, pedestals, flowers everywhere, and nothing but flowers, while birds sing in cages in every crevice. Inside stand a bevy of the fairest of the fair, to hand bouquets and baskets of flowers to all comers. These flowers, I may mention, are contributed by the florists in the neighbourhood of New York. In one wing of the building there is an Indian wigwam, constructed by Mr. Bierstadt, a native artist, who spent last summer in the Rocky Mountains, and besides producing a picture of the scenery which I think surpasses Church's best achievements, brought back with him a large collection of Indian arms and clothing. He has accordingly fitted up a wigwam with the most per fect accuracy in all the details, and a squad of Indiana who are here IforTtheh," howe from Washington have been engaged "positively for two weeks only," to Irgo through ~their various per formances at intervals for the benefit of au ad. miring and astonished public. I believe there are Englishmen who suppose, that the "noble savage" still roams in the forests in the immediat e vicinity of New York ; for the information of such I may mention that the nearest point at which a real murdering, scalping, wild Indian is to be found is 2,000 miles further west, or farther than from London to Constantinople, consequently the iiihabitaut s of this city do not profess that familiarity with hi s manners and customs which many persons in Europe might think probable. Their acting is, therefore, one of the most attractive features of the fair. But the most attractive beyond all question is the picture gallery, a room! 200 feet long, erected for the purpose. The collection of pictures coin prises almost every picture of note in New York and its vicinity ; and I may add that there are very few cities in the world containing more valuable pri. vate collections than it now does. The majority of these were, of course, the production of American artists, but there were • great many from abroad. In addition to this, 60 pictures, cabinet size, have been painted for the fair, and the whole are to be raffled for together in d richly carved box—tickets five dollars each, and the whole number to be sold one thousand. They are going off like wildfire. The!Americans abroad, as well as foreign friends of the country, have contri buted very handsomely. Rome alone has sent jewellery and bricabrac enough for one large table, and foremost amongstlthe contributors to it is Castellane, the well-known Roman jeweller. There is a "curiosity shop," containing almost every relic of antiquity of note and of moderate size now to be found in New York or its vicinity, most of them Dutch or revolutionary, though there are a good many foreign ones, as you are perhaps aware there are no more indefatigable collectors than rich Americans. Amongst the things of this kind ex. posed for sale is General Burgoyne's sword, which he gave up to General Gates when he and his force laid down their arms at Saratoga. Its price is 1,000 dollars ; so that if any of hi: friends or descendants in England would like to get it back, now is their time. Putting aside the pictures and curiosities, how ever, there is nothing in the contributions to the fair which possesses much interest per ae, as you will readily understand when I say that it cousiat: of hardware, clothing, " lingerie," stationery, sewing machines, toy% haberdashery, machinery, agricultural implements, mathematical instrument., boots and shoes, saddlery and harness, tobacco, wines, drugs, perfumery, soaps, candles, groceries, flowers, and books, and all such as you may find in any of the shops in Broadway. What is wonder ful; and interesting, to me about it, therefore, is the indication it affords of the spirit of the people. It is simply another splendid illustration of the enormous energy and public spirit which democracy, with all its faults, deve lops in all classes of the community. A large proportion of these contributions is from workmen and mechanics, and this has been true of nearly all the fairs that have been bald throughout the country. At Chicago the workmen in one factory made a fine steam engine, by working over-hours, and sent it in. Here in New York there is hardly a workshop, factory, or printing office which has not contributed largely in goods, either of the men's own making or purchased by their money. The farmers have sent in cattle enough to make a very respectable cattle show, which is now open in Fifteenth-street. It comprises some curiosities here —an enormous white ox, an Alderney cow, a Durham bull, and some pairs of Shetland ponies, besides horses, sheep and cows with less claims to distinction. They will be all sold for the benefit of the sanitary commission. The admission on the first day reached 17,000, pro ducing 40,000 dollars. Under the reduced price, which commences to-morrow, the number will probably increase, and it seems certain that 250,000 dollars will be raised from this source alone, or about 30,0001. sterling at present rates of exchange. Turning from the fair to politics, the indications of the growing devotion of the public to the war are everywhere stronger and stronger. The State elections have this year an unusual importance, owing to the fact that the result foreshadows pretty clearly that of the Presidential election next November. They are consequently watched by the public all over the North with great interest and anxiety. That of New Hampshire has already taken place, and been a republican victory ; but it did not possess as much importance as that of Connecticut, owing to the fact that the struggle in the latter was last year unusually close and severe. It came at the close of a winter of great gloom and disaster, and was the first test applied to the popular feeling after. six months of violent and bitter agitation on the part of the pro-slavery and peace party. It excited so much in terest at the time, and was in reality of eo much moment, that, as you may remember, I went up to Hartford to witness it, and wrote you a long letter on Connecticut politics from that place. The State is an important one, famed for the energy, ortho doxy, and conservatism of its people, and it i. 4 generally taken for granted that any new policy which Connecticut can swallow will go down easily with the rest of the Union. The victory was won by the anti-slavery party last year, after a hard struggle, and was partly due to the presence of large numbers of volunteers who were home on furlough, and voted with the republicans. The soldiers' vote is of immense importance to the anti-slavery party, owing to the fact that it is in the main republicans who enlist, and strong efforts have been made during the part winter to procure the proposal of an amendment to the constitution permitting citizens in the Federal service to vote wherever they may happen to be. As such a proposition has, however, to receive the support of two-thirds of the legislature before being submitted to the people, parties were last winter too evenly balanced to allow of its being carried. The election which came off on Monday, however. was a crushing and disastrous defeat of the demo crats. Buckingham, the republican governor, has been re-elected for the sixth time, an unprecedented mark of confidence, by a majority of 10,000 over his opponent, a rabid pro-slavery, pro-Southern, and pro-peace man, rind five-sixths of the Senate and two-thirds of the Legislature are now in the hand of the republicans. 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