The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-26 00:00:00

• far the Pee le of all mnks in the Punjab, that Golab Sinith ....la be (It of it. He could only have wished to be Wink, tbs ; i e might realise at lint the schemes of aggrandisement , s hstb his ambitious heart had for years been scarce able to It is indeed difficult to conjecture whether wisdom coamis• vs ajd ham prompted bitn to aim only at the independent ....aaeigoty of the hills, which, as a subject, he had so long _...tise4l; or avarice, his ruling vice, have tempted upon the throne before which he was once him to But his road to either object would have mead "' y es ths mme. The impoverishment of the Punjab t; a me n d uld .ftogred the way for its division or its conquest ; and lii3sartar of all classes of the people, from the Birder to the ld have been gradually broken by fines, coufisea vos, wou II cam, and extortion. If am we, of the exoteric school, have not before us all m o ps which led to it, we can at least seo the wisdom of finial arrang ement ; and they, of the esoteric whoa t h e negotiators of the treaties, have a right si ex on that, amid all the arguments brought to upon their diplomacy, the argumrutum ad Imminent ;hold not be forgotten by the world. The names of Mr. • and Major Lawrence a r e a sufficient g uarantee for the Curne Major e ity of any ocument to which they are attached. — We need not d protons , our narrative. The troeps, left at Lahore, have been comfortable, healthy, and kindly treated; t hough something far otherwise was Ma prophesied by dabblers politics of high and low degree. Many, indeed, at parting the friends whom t he y lett behind in occupation of" the devo ted city," cheered their spirits with a shake of the head and a hope—for which there was just coons !—that another gibe' catastrophe might not be their fate. But, with all rp i cac ity acuminated to the highest possible degree, oar Pc • ars could never see the similarity between the two cases A be position, on the one hand, of 6,000 men with thirty su m of their own, and a hundred others belonging to stabs, well supplied with provisions aad only 40 m a t e from their own frontier, occupying a capital at the sa gest entreaty of the sovereign and the sird.ths —and the veno, on the other hand, of se fl more than halt 'that number, without provision, without material, forcibly oxapying two unconnected posts, in the heart of a die jested country, 500 miles from support of any kind ! Bat we leave these questions to the decision of history ; hi s tory, which we , being neither Whig nor Tory, neither go vernment scribes, nor radical opponents. Whenever time for writing that history shall arrive, and an historian be hand among us, or our children , who shall bring impartiality to the consideration of facts, it will, we think, be sufficiently opsrent, that though errors of detail mayare mha crhoept into o departments — cur so long as governors ve enw it be otherwise ?—it would yet be hard to show how, circum stanced as Lord Hardinge found the N. W. Frontier in 1844, he could have acted better with the view of preserv ing peace ; or how, when in 1815 war seas forced upon him, he could more effectually base carried it on, or brought it to a more successful conclusion. Rapidly, yet quietly, he doubled the froniier-posts; he had IPSOO men af lerosepore ; 7,'200 at Ltidiana ; and 13,000 at U cabana: in other words, out of an army of scarce 100,000 men, he brought tm more than 30,000 within 70 miles of a contin gent—nay, judging from past exeerience, an improbable— danger. k'emzthali was fought within ten days of the inva sion, with 16,700 men; and six weeks after, when the strength of the empire had been brought to bear as a single point, and all possible re-inforcements had beep pressed into the field, Sobraon was fought with maly 18,000! thus proving, that, after the necessary precau tions had been taken to watch the frontierand keep open the communication with the rear, under no circumstances, and by no measures howeve r warlike, could many more men have been brought into action than were brought by the pacific, but energetic policy, which the Govemor-General pursued. And as for the war's conclusion, which hasbeen called "lame and impotent," let it be compared with the wars of his pre dectoors, which have been mere drains upon the Treasury. The Burmah war entailed a cost of several cranes of rupees ; the Afghan war saddled the country with a debt, the inter est of which occasions a present large deficiency of revenue; and the war in Sind)); in truth, Sir Charles Napier has found it so irnpos-ible to keep the books, that we cannot tell how high to estimate the price of that war ; but this we do know, that it bids fair to prove a perennial curse. The Sikh war, on the contrary, has added to our possessions territory, worth forty lakhs per annum ; has strengthened our frontier by throwing our right bank forward so far as to cover Simla, Ladianas and L in belle ; and exacted an indemnity of 11 millions from the enemy for the expenses it involved. It is said that those expenses amounted to 11 mil:ions-12 months' bath' ' com missariat, &c., being included — so that , makin g a liberal allowance of 20 lakhs per annum for the interest of the extra 25 lakhs expended in the war, and on the government of the new country, we have still an equal sum to carry annually to the credit of British India. It would have been more, could we have avoided taking the Hill country north of the Byes. We suppose it was necessary, in order to square off the frontier ;_ but it was a dear bargain ; and , if politic, we should gladly have seen it left in the hands of either of our neighbours. This is an opinion which will not perhaps meet with general favour; for there is always something alluring in annexation; and in the present instance, we know that many advo cated the appropriation of the Hill country, and blamed the sate of Kashmir to Golab Singh. We sus pect, however, that the advocates of such a policy have not much studied the question on which they so dogmatically enlarge ; that they have never very closely calculated the number of men requisite to hold the lltizaras, Peshawar, or Kashmir ; much less compared that calculation with the probable revenues of the countries they covet,--or rather, with the balance uf revenue, which would be laft after the meal confirmation of Jagirs which follows a British Indian conquest. The Punjab is the popular al Dorado of our army; and even those, who bare neither medals nor honours to gain by its annexation, consider it a rich and fertle land. Taken as a whole, it is far otherwise. In its palmy days, the fertilising dew of prosperity may indeed have fallen over its whole surface; but it ever evaporated from the few chosen spots where the lakes and foun tains were. The superabundance of the Jullundur supplied the rest of the Punjab with competence : a part paid for the government of the whole. That part is in our paws non; and if the exquisite filvour of the sunny side of the melon tempts us to pick up the green side which we threw away, we shall fiod it sour, unwholesome, and unripe. Each Boob is a kingdom in itself; fur it is cut off far half the year by rapid and difficult rivers. Each, there fore, in our hauls, would require a separate army to ensure its tranquillity. Not many months have passed since it took 10,000 men to put down insurrection in a territory less by half than the smallest of the Punjab Be'abs ; a territory which had been for nearly halt a century accastomed to our supremacy; and was close to the Bombay presidency. The country west of the Jhelum is wilder than that of Ko!apore and Sa wuntwarri ; the features of the country are on alarger vale ; the people more savage and independent, more impatient of restraint; less satisfied to pay revenue; and accustomed for generations to a fast and loose government, that one day is content to take what it can get, and the next comes down upon the people with frightful executions, muti lations, and massacres. Few people, when they come toconsi der these details, will deny that the governor-general was wise to refrain from annex ng the Punjab. To us, his for bearance steins more than wise; it is eminently magnani mous, merciful, and patriotic. In the Punjab itself, none could have blamed; in India, all would have approved, the conquest. Sir Henry would have gathered a large harvest of what is called fame, and run no risk in the reaping; for by him not another shot would have been fired. The country was at his feet; and chronologies would only have recorded that he, Sir Henry Hardinge, had added it to British India, The difficulties of a widely extended frontier and the embarrassments of a sterile province would have awaited his successor ! To England's mission in the East, we trust we are as much alive as those,who, at the point of the sword, wish to carry Philanthropy and Liberty through the world; but we can see as little humanity as vris dem in commencing an enterprise which seems to have no end. Peace is the great want of British India : and how can we hope forpeace in tne Punjab? One insurrection, a single outbreak, tuna like a shudder through an Empire—unsettles long settled provinces, di ve rts revenue from its proper channels, and puts back' the course of civilisation. Instead, therefore, of cheating ourselves into new conquests, by calling them new fields of usefu:neas, let us be honest, and cultivate the fields we have already gained ; let us improve our present pos mations before we venture to enclose more; let us educate the millions of Hindustan before we pretend to " emanci pate the Sikhs."—Calcutta Review. gbt Coact. WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—Her Majesty rode out in a pony phaeton thi4 morning, accompanied by the Princess Royal. The Queen and Prince Albert attended divine service in the private chapel of the Castle. H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent also attended the service. In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert rode out in a pony phaeton, his Royal Highness driving. The Duke of Wellington does not receive any com pany this Christmas at Strathfieldsaye, owing to the Indispo sition of his friend, the Right Hon. Charles Arbuthnot, who continues confined to his room from a severe attack of gout. Lord and Lady Charles Wellesley arc staying with the noble and gallant duke. His Excellency Count Potion, Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Sardinia to the British Court, died on Tuesday last. The Count had been unwell for about a month. His Ex cellency, while visiting Sir William and the Hon. Lady Middleton at Shrubland-park, Suffolk, was out shoot ing, and it was thought had caught cold. On the 19th ult., during his visit, his Excellency was obliged, from indisposi tion, to keep his chamber, and be remained there for three weeks an invalid, when his Excellency returned to the Sardinian Legation in Lower Grosvenor-street. He continued under the professional care of Drs. Ferguson, Bright, and Webber, up to the period of his dissolution, and at length sunk under his illness. On a post-mortem examination, it was ascertained that death had re sulted from the formation of an abscess in the left side. The deceased Count Nomis de Pollon was in the 49th year of his ay. At an early age he came to this country as secretary to the Sardinian Embassy, and was afterwards appointed as charge d' affairs,. He subsequently proceeded to the Hague us Minister Plenipotentiary at that court. Oa his Excellency Count D'Aglic being recalled, about nine Years since, Count Potion was appointed Envoy Extraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to this country. He had been nearly twenty-five years resident in this country, and was highly respected. His Excellency was a colonel in the Sardinian army. liis remains will be deposited in the cemetery at Kens:a-green. The blarquis de l'allavicino, the Secretary of Legati. n, will discharge the diplomatic duties until the succissor to his Excellency is appointed. ter on , tbje ntary erste Oder th e e anonneed ki s , e Mini ster „, The te , 4 7 after &debase enlarly dwelt law on du of I, a the nd of as h deppiiia h " been 71 . 4 We k we , Lit Li n ed s o k r - 7. Lawny statia; the suburbs says uit hu re . • Privnay, at e Belgtsus to all her elia. eere likewise :••• ndusge s d His E ok. groom, tasde who are very kiss, and there lauds. bland of Mini m u m _ He ha s s i ne s after all his surrendered it retionnel of epresentative n , says : " The at Berne ap oivers allowed irther in the D. the residen ce only a th reat. f Berne, net stitution, in , the greet* government ; b. The nad s an anterio r all the cha. ;,, on January . a, and vein be, id of th e Di m lit more than thought a t to to Join openly flutist powers. ning its Milli*, the liberal night have, it , actica party, to have a non_ zone to Z. resident of the 41e of absence M. Guizot hes Ir reside where w h ich lives by the lodg. the ridiculous ln;,rcn stat es , lons, the King dad', giving to four Mailings r every three Lthorisation of • more, ie to— F Crtmus, is now a house remain. plain of the Hen . necropolis of the iicuous the famed , loomv solemnity. walls of which are akin and lonicco nt Pagan temples. contains no gold; : the sand abounds Captain Newbold serve to be opened; n of the society. Turks, and 3,0 00 all and mean, but s. A massive Tam alypse.—Lsodices , cs, was brought to and is, a mass :it w:sich it steads erroneously: they estone. PUNJAB. Golab Singh SO Led for his double =munition to the he cause he rebut rd incorrect, uld be false. The )th of India and :Lirrect information f the error; het furnished also its applies to the Salt La itaelt almost s if we knew nih man, nor a raja only came to Ls• and, when there, the soldiers, that peace, he, who had .n* them ; and if they hen *Lay." lie was Nominaly pleni ost astute servants is not his, if the be maharajah found 9bloll of moresesr t had becom ; Singh had as no ell it- In exchshe in exchange for • n. A small ports* p urral with b rew* ' in a nefarious trick was made in iris n published, and tt he following extrac t d shows how es 1101( the best pule eve, at a later at% —" It may he Phi"' h'g hissions which of the gorernhs o . e hills iudepender: Iviog a l o ss eel Ivo T b i a w h et , the Lah cin n t he governme wt foe ag e ;54.) And w h en ' Nic h the gh ser rj such a whose ,nil the Ilia ter.i‘t_o_% ce of yowl. hiug out 1.111.111,03.0, he critics, c did a genet ool . , ourC territory which r net: he do' I s t. That t s ly rich : as a dividuals they h a d d• its meuibers, labmlr and hclhoss'abost r they had ca n. ba th Ott emu:l, a iotisto or tre scm. 7--is uurdcrcd family • b sur d as to accuseT: ! ming for s par tu s a owu, in its leng t h but er, nut only tor IA THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 26, 1846. (Front hist night's (.arr'tr.) FOREIGN-OFFICE, Dix. 22.—The Queen has ap proved of M. Matmel de Oliveira Santos as Consul at the Cape of Good Hope for the Emperor of Brazil. ADMIRALTY, Due. 18. Marine•—Copt. and Brer.-Major T. Wearing to be lieut-eoi., sloe Hewes, 114, f First Lieut. P. Priest lobe apt.; net-. Lieut. J. Manger to be fleet lieut. SIR ROBERT PEEL'S NEW PORTRAIT GALLERY AT DRAYTON MANOR. The ma4nificent portrait gallery at Drayton Manor is now entirely completed, and, perhaps, has nut its equal in this country. Sir It. Peel had, prior to the building of this new gallery, several of the best portrait. of Sir Thomas Law rence ; and, with the exception of the Roysl collection, the right hon. baronet could boast of a larger number than any other private individual. These works of that distinguished painter, with perhaps, ten or a dozen other original works by eminent artists, constituted the nucleus of the matchless colleet'on of partraita of eminent statesmen and men of celebrity in literature and the arta and sciences, now brought together at Drayton Manor. There are upwards of fifty portraits exhibited in the gallery, the majority of which, particularly those only recently finished, have never been seen beyond the private circle of the right hon. baronet. Before we enter, however, on an enumera tion of the portraits, it will be necessary to supply a descrip tion of the gallery. The new picture-galtery is attached to the south-east angle of the mansion, and f i rms a wing a hundred feet long in extension of the north front. Tho exterior is built of Ashlaced stone, from Hollington. The style of architecture is that which prev..iled during the latter part of Queen Elizabeth', reign, and that of James I. An arcade extends along all three sides, surmouated by au entablature with an *Vic, upon which are small carved pinnacles, breaking the outline of the building. The exterior is further decorated by four statues, somewhat larger than life, the two towards the south or garden-front being Ruben. and Vandyke ' and the two towards the north, Rey nolds and Lawrence. There are no windows, but a glazed sash door at the south-western extremity, which leads on to a new terrace, about 160 feet long, and 19 feet wide, decorated with 11 stone bullevi trade, vase., pedestals, &e. This terrace joins on to other terraces surrounding three sides of the mansion, embellished with a profusion of marble and stone VW?, &c., which harmonise well with the building. The new gallery is entered from the south side of the entrance corridor of the mansion, through an ante-room by wide folding doors of carved oak. The north end of the gallery is separated from the gallery itself by a spacious arch, richly ornamented with carved oak pilastres, archivolts, pendants, &c. Through that arch you pass into the gallery, which is divided into three compartments, by groups of sixteen marble columns and pilastres. The ceiling is deeply carved and elaborately ornamented with the trusses, frets, pendants, and pannelling which characterise Elizabethan architecture. In the cove are thirty heraldic lions, with shields, bearing the initial letters of the names of Sir Robert Peel and his lady and of his children. The walls are painted of a strong greenish neutral colour; the skirtings are of wainscot. The floor is bordered with an inlaid band, of a scroll pattern, consisting of oak, walnut-tree, and ebony woods. The columns and pilasters are of marble of the Roman Doric order, the favourite order of the architects of the reign of Elizabeth. The capitals and bases are of white veined Italian marble; the shafts are each of a single block of Belgian maille, of variegated colours, chiefly of reddish hues, intermixed with white. The pedestals on which they stand are paunched and com posed of the same marbles. The gallery is wholly lighted by horizontal sky-lights in the roof, so placed that every part of each picture is advantageously seen from the proper points of view ; the absence of any glare oflight from windows level with the eye is very advantageous. This recent addition to the mansion Wag erected from the designs and under the im mediate direction of Mr. Sydney Siturke, F.S.A., and was finished at the close of last autumn. Those who have had the op portunity to inspect the collection, have been unanimous in their admiration of the general elegance which pervades the whole arrangement. The following is the order in which the portraits are viewed, beginning by, turing, to the left-1. " Viscount Hardinge," by Lucas. Phis admirable likeness of the Governor-General of India was taken just before that gallant nobleman proceeded to the seat of his governor ship. It is the best likeness of his lordship in existence.- 2. Sir David Wilkie : This half-length portrait of tbat ini mitable painter is by himself. The face was alone completed when he was seized by the " ruthless hand of death " in 1811. He is represented as in the robes of a Doctor of Civil Law.-3. The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, by Lucas, a I-length portrait: The likeness is most striking. It was painted in the spring of last year for Sir R. Peel.-4. The Right Hon. Henry Goulburo, by Pick ersgill : A splendid I-portrait of the late Chancellor of the Exchequer, painted expressly for Sir R. Peel.-5. The Right Hon. Sir J. Graham, Bart., by Lucas: This portrait wastaken last summer, and corresponds in size with the other portraits by the same artist in the collection.-(l The late Lord Abin ger, by Sir Martin A. Shee, P.R.A. : An excellent portrait, taken shortly after his elevation to the judicial bench.-7. Gibson (the sculptor), by Geddes.-8. Arthur Murphy (the dramatist), by Sir Joshua Reynolds.-9. The late Earl Grey, by Lonsdale. Full length portrait, recently purchased by sir Robert Peel of the widow of the artist. The earl is represented holding a roll of writings in his hand, and was taken subsequent to his lordship be ing enrolled among the Knights of the illustrious Order of the Garter. The likeness is much praised.-10. The Earl of Aberdeen, by Sir Thomas Lawrence ' • size length. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1830, the year of Sir Thomas Lawrence's death.-11. The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart, by Sir Thomas Lawrence ; I length ; taken twenty-one years ago. It has been re peatedly engraved. It was in the exhibition in 1826.-12. Lady Peel, by Sir Thomas Lawrence : a companion to the above, and in the Royal Academy exhibition in 1815.-13. The late Sir Robert Peel, Bart., by Sir Thomas Lawrence a faithful resemblance of the "founder of his family."-14. Wycherley. This portrait of the celebrated dramatic poet was taken when he was at the age of twenty eight years. It is considered the best portrait of him extant. It has been engraved by Smith.- 15. Mr. Samuel Rogers (the poet), by Lucas. The likeners is remarkably faithful-16. Mr. Wordsworth (the poet laureate), by Pickersgill. Also much admired.-17. The late Lord Byron. This portrait is a duplicate of the likeness of the noble bard, in the possession of Lord Byron, and was copied by Mr. T. Phillips, about three years back, fur Sir Robert Pcel.-18. Cowley (the poet), by Sir Peter Lely. This portrait was purchased for Sir Robert Peel, at the Strawberry-hill sale, it having been many yean in the Walpole family. This charming picture represents the poet in the character of a shepherd, with pipe and crook. Zincke made his famous copy in enamel from this prized original.- 19. Lord Lyndhurst, as Lord Chancellor, by Pickersgill.- 20. The late Sir W. Follett, by Say. At the death of Sir William the portrait was in an unfinished state.-21. The late Lord Erskine, by Sir:. Lawrence.-22. Lord Brougham. An admirable likens, full length, and represents his lord ship seated in the library, with his legs crossed. -23. Sir Fred. Pollock, by Say. The learned chief baron is here length ; it was taken three years since for this gallery.-24. B. West. A good likeness of the president of our Royal Academy, who succeeded Sir Joshua Reynolds.-25. Otway (the dramatist), painted by Mary Beale, a pupil of Sir Peter Lely.-26. Finch, by Sir Thomas Lawrence.-27. John P. Kemble, by Sir Thomas Lawrence. This painting, origi nally 15 feet high, has recently been reduced. It formerly occupied a prominent place in the staircase of Sir It. Peel's mansion in Whitehall-gardens. The great tragedian is re• presented in the character of Rolla.-28. Shakspeare.-29. The late Sir Francis Chantrey, by Jackson. A 3.qr. portrait, painted a few years prior to his death.-30. Cuvier, by Pickeragill. A beautiful portrait of the great French tutu ralist.-31. Professor Owen, by Pickengill, recently painted. 32. The late Sir Henry Raiford, Bart., by Sir Martin A . Shee.-33. Vandyke ; a portrait of himself. It has no rival. -34. Dr. Buckland, by T. Phillips, R.A.-35. The Right Hon. George Canning. by Sir T. Lawrence. A full-length, representing that statesman standing in the House of Com mons, in the act of addressing that assembly. Painted by Sir Thomas in 1825, and exhibited in the following year.-36. Lord Stowell, by Sir T. Lawrence. This not quite full-length portrait was in the exhibition in 1824, and was painted expressly for Sir Robert Peel. 37. Czar Peter. An original of that extraordinary potentate. -38. The late Right Hon. Wm. Huskieson, by Sir Thomas Lawrence, painted a few years before Mr. Huskisson'e death, -39. The Duke of Welling:on, by Sir Thomas Lawrence. A full length representing the noble and gallant duke stand ing on a raised pround,wearing a military cloak, and having a telescope is his hand. This portrait was in the exhibition of 1815.-40. The late Earl of Eldon, by Sir Thomas Law rence.-41. Edmund Burke, by Sir Joshua Reynolde.- 42. Judge Al This portrait was purchased for Sir Robert Peel, the year before last, at th e sale at Castle Priory. 43. The late Earl of Liverpool, by Sir Thomas Lawrence full length. It was exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1827. It was painted for Sir Robt. Peel.-44. Southey (the poet), by Sir Thomas Lawrence : a faithful likeness.- 45. William Pitt, by Gainsborough.--4 6 . Lord Stanley, by Say: an excellent portrait,takenlast yet..-47. Gen. D umou ries :an original-48. Liebig. A fine 8 length portrait.- 49. His late R. 11. the Duke of York, by Sir Wm. Beeehey.- 50. The Right Hon. Admiral Sir George Cockburn, by Lucas.-51. Camuccini, by Geddes . Thu portrait closes the series. Sir Robert has portraits of Sir Robert Walpole, by J. Vanderbank ; the celebrated Countess of Kildare, by Sir Peter Lely; Sir George Beaumont, by Edward Owen: William Dobson, the court painter to Charles 1., by himself &c., in the old gallery as it may be termed. The PARISH OF ST. MARYLEBONE.—OPPOSITION TO Ttle POOR LAW COMMISSIONRBB.—Yesterday, notwith standing it was Christmas-day, a St. meeting o of f the Board of Directors and Guardians of the p oor Mary lehone, took place in the Board room of the Work house, New-road. Mr. Bird in the chair. Mr. Thorne, the secretary to the board, stated that since the last meetiag had been held, he had been compelled, by summons, to atttnd before the Poovlaw Commissioners at Somerset House. In pursuance amok summons, he had attended at Somerset House on Wednesday, and underwent an examination, on oath, before the commissioners and Mr. Hall, the assist .nt commissioner for the Metropolitan district. such examination lasting upwards of three hours. The tenour of the examina tion was principally as to the administration of relief to the out-door poor, the general management of the poor, and the relative positions of the vestry, and directors and guar dians, with regard to such management and adminis tration. The questions put to him appeared to be with a view of ascertaining if there was any deficiency in the present system to afford the commissioners au opportunity of affecting its abolition, and introducing into Marylebone their own system. Amongst other things the commissioners called upon him (Mr. Thorne) to produce the hoard the Finance Committee and other documents which re th po e rthad prev i ou sly reinsid lie (Mr. Thorne) in- termed the commi s'o c s th to he could not, without rept:- s mting the matter to tae board, and that he was not justified in taking any document, or copies thereof, from the work house without the sanction of the directors and guardians. To this the commissioners replied, that they had nothing to do with the position he (Mr. Thorne) held as secretary to that hoard. They believed he did not doubt their power to call for these documents. and that they should require him to produce them, and hold him responsible fur their pro duction. After hearing the secretary's statement, and after much discussion on the subject, the following re solution was adopted:—" That neither the secretary or any other officer of that beard he permitted to forward any book, document, or paper, or any information whatever until the decision of the joint committee of vestrymen and guar dians appointed to resist the poor-law commissioners," and eleven gentlemen were appointed on the part of the guar dians to join in resistance to the commissioners. It having been announced to the board that the assistant-overseer and the master of the workhouse had both been summoned to attend and undergo an examination before the commis sioners on Thursday next, they were prohibited from produc ing any books or documents. CITY IMPOSITIONS.—At a recent meeting of the Ward of Bridge, it was stated that any person landing below L ,radon Bridge from foreign steam-boats was obliged to pay Is. the instant he put his foot on the shore. This imposition was slid to have the effect of driving passengers to land at Blackwall. All the members of the court of common coun cil fur the ward promised to do their best to put an end to it. LOSS AND RECOVERY OF 170 SOVEREIGNS.—On Thursday, the proprietor of a public-house in the neigh bourhood of Drury-lane paid to the receiving-clerk of a brewer 170 sovereigns, secured in a bag. After receiving the money, the clerk sat for a short tune in the parlour, placing the bag of gold at his side, but on leaving the house he forgot to take it with him. Shortly after his departure, a poor woman entered the parlour, when the first object that attracted her attention was the bag, which she opened, and on discovering its contents presented one of the sovereigns to the barman, asking him to change it. The barman, aware of her poverty, said that she must have robbed some one, when she became confused, and attempted to conceal the bag under her meagre clothing, which attracting the barman's attention, he discovered the bag of sovereigns which he had just paid away. While he was taking it from her, the affrighted clerk returned, and was highly delighted at having thus recovered the bag of money.—Globe. A FIRE DISCOVERED BY MEANS OF A DOCI.— The following fact occurred at the conflagration in Drury lane, last Saturday moraine. It was the custom of the fore man of Mr . Notelet on locking up the premises at eight, to leave his dog iu the front shop of his master, and by its con tinued howling, the fire was found out, and the poor animal saved. On the breaking, open of the shutters it ran directly to the house of its master, in Bermondsey, who, hearing the animal at his door, feared that the premises of his em ployer had been robbed ; and he hastened to Drury-lane, where he found his employer's stock and premises reduced to a heap of ruins.—Sun. GRATUITOUS PUBLIC EXHIBITIONS.—At this holi day season it may be interating to visitors to the metropolis to know that the following exhibitions may be inspected gra tuitously:—The British Museum, Great Russell-street The National Gallery, Charing-cross. The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's-Inn-fields; Monday, Wed nesday, and Fnday ; any qualified surgeon can write an order for admission. The East India-house Museum, Lead enhall-street ,• this day (Saturday) to the public, from 11 to 3. The Soane Museum, Lincoln', -inn.fields ; on application for a ticket. The Society of Arts, Adelphi; any day except Wednesday, upon application. London Missionary Museum, Blomficld-street, Moortields; a collection of curiosities, the results of missionary enterprise brought from all parts of toe globe ; this day (Saturday), Tuesday, and Thursday. United Service Museum, Middle Scotland-yard; daily, by a mem ber's order. Entomological Society's Museum, Old Bond street ; any Tuesday from 3to 8 o'clock. Miss :um of Econo mic Geology, Craig's Court, Charing-cross ; CHURCH-RATE DISTRAINTS IN ST. BOTOLPH'S, MISHOPsnATE.—The following list of distraint* in Bishops gate may serve as a pendant, • companion-piece for the Guisbro' distraiuts which we published on Wednesday. They have been printed as a hand-bill fur distribution, with the title, " A practical comment,' by authority,' upon the text, ' I bate robbery for a burnt offering" From the Friends' Meeting-house, Houndsditch : 32 chairs.—Thos. Bax, Bishopegate Without: 2 sacks flour, value 41. IN.; cash from shop, 21. 15a; total, 71.73.—Evans and Clarke, BiOiopsgate With out: Cash from till, 51. 13.. fsl.—Chanes Buhowinste Without: National Gallery, folio, half mor. ; Shaksziesare, 12 vols., half mor.; London Interiors, 1 vol., 4t0.; Napoleon, 2 vols., Svo. ; Hinton's United States, 2 vo:s., 4w., Int. 13s.—John Hargrave: 30 silk umbrellas ; 12 cotton, do, 111. IGs. Pd.—Thomas Butler, !Founds ditch : 90 brushes, various, 31. 2s. Gd.—Peirson and Sur, Sun-street: 12 coppers, 1401te., 71. Is. FALL INTO A SEWER.-011 Chrio• — smith, named John Phelps, living in Vont-street, South wark, was returning home through the Borough Mint, with a goose that he had provided for his Christmas dinner, being the worse for liquor, he reeled against a pole placed to guard an opening into the sewer, and fell in. He was extricated with difficulty. EARLY PROPOSAL FOR AN ENGLISH COLLEGE OF Ala.—At a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, held on the 17th instant, a communication from the Rev. Joseph Hunter was read, on the subject of a proposal for the esta blishment of a royal academy of art as early as the year 1617, and which was agitated till 1626. A manuscript in the society's library (No. 103) relates to it., and three others among the Harleian MSS. ; but the main source from which Mr. Hunter derived his information was a MS. in his own possession, written by Sylvanus Morgan in 1661. James's Academe or College of Art, as it was termed, was to have had a common seal, 2001. a year and certain privi leges. Papers were to be discussed; the members were to bear an " order ;" and it was propo.ed to convert Windsor Castle into an English Olympus! The projector, Bolton, gave a list of eighty-four persons suggested as the first mem bers of the academy; in which appealed the name of 'nig° Jones.— The Builder. PUNCTUALITY AT FUNER.ALS.—SIR, - 1 am glad to find that you propose to make the Express, a vehicle for conveying correct information of church matters; and believ ing that too much publicity cannot be given to the important proceedings of the church, I shall be happy, if opportunity offer, to aid your intentions. In your paper of the 23rd inst. I observe a notice from the Nottingkant Journal, respecting the absence of punctuality at funerals, a charge to that effect having been made against a certain clergyman, and retorted by him against the conductors of and atten dents at the solemn ceremony. The law, by custom, is, I believe, for the parties burying to name tae day, and the clergyman fixes the hour. Never having been too late for any duty save once, in the course of a somewhat long I clerical life, I may be supposed to know something of the question at issue, and my experience of wait ing on such occasions led me some years back to adopt for a rule, " to wait a quarter of an hour, and if the corpse was not brought within that period, to exact an additional payment, progressing to the expiration of one hour; when the church and its yard were closed, and burial denied for that day." My rule also embraced the acme payment to the conductor of the funeral, by the clergy man, in case of his default. The general adoption of such a rule app'ars to me to be desirable, and, if you agrece with me, you are at liberty to publish my letter.—l am, air, your obedient servant, Ax OLD PAILSON.—IIec. 21 . THE CHEAP PRESS, THE DEAR PRESS. —he posi tion of the Liverpool press is now, we believe, more distinctly defined and more clearly understood than when we last ad dressed our readers. The advocates for Increasing, cad the advocates for withholding, the facilities of knowledge, an falling into their proper places. The pramptitude of action which startled every one, has been succeeded by the loqua city of fresh convictions on the one hand, and of deeply rooted prejudices on the other. The i.isciples of the new school have discovered and proclaimed truths more obvious than original ; the adherents of the old have importuned the public with prescriptive and exploded arguments. We see every reason to rejoice and to hope in the change that has taken place. The present is a happy augury of the future. Thinned as the ranks of our opponents must inevitably be come, we do not even now fear a comparison with them. The cheap press of Livel, we may safely assert, is.m feeler to the dear press in no ne respect. Which of these den slims of the Liverpool press, the cheap or the dear, possesses the greater energy, originality, and talent ? Which of them sup plies the larger amount and the greater variety o f . informa tion ? Which of them poldesees the more extensiv e cuctilation ? The principal portion of an article put forth by the Liverpool Mercury is devoted to an attempt to show how certainly the degradation of the press would result from a reduction in its price. This argument, by-the•bye, is echoed in the Liverpool Times of Tuesday; and we are at some loss to which of our contemporaries to award the palm of abeurdity. The Mercury, however, may , perhaps, advance the superior I claim. Our contemporary makes the scale of charges a stan dard of morality. The high price of a paper is a guarantee for its possession of all the cardinal virtues ; but a low price is unmistakeable evidence of a low character. If we wish to preserve the elevated character of the British press, we 'nut keep up its price; if we wish to assimilat e it to American journalism, we must cheapen it. A man i s in an awkward pos.tion *hose character Is not worth a penny ; but the most degraded member of the press may get a character for two pence. We beg to ask the Mercury whether the Daily News, or any one of his cheap Liverpool contemporaries, or any other cheap newspaper, instrumental in creating the recent revolution in the press, is below himself, or his high-priced friends, in decency, or honour, or gentlemanly bearing, or general morality ? Weekly News. THE GAME-LAWS. — At this time, when the game laws are undergoing so much discussion, and are likely to occupy the attention of the legislature during the ensuing session, perhaps you will not deem out of place a few words abaut rabbits, which are hereabouts considered game, re served and strictly protected by some of our landlords. I am a plain farmer, and write only a few simple facts as they have occurred to myself or within my own observation. When two or three farmers meet on a winter's evening and enjoy a little social conversation, a question often put is, kAilrel themraitswghaemne,anordhatvewwe eptelmenanotsnaonuurngtsstedri g ht to , which hold under leases whi ch declare that all game is to I,e pre served for the proprietor? A sight of the ac t of parliament would soon answer the question, but at present I wish merely to detail occurrences. About eighteen months ago rabbits bad b - come very numerous on my farm, and wer e doing great injury to my crops. Let the extent of their ravages be estimated by the following example. A field of forty-one acres had been sown with oats. The seed sown was twenty-nine quarters ; the produce was expected to be at the least 180 qrs., but I reaped only 22 qrs. I thought this loss was too much, and applied to my factor and re quired him either to pay me damages, or get the rabbits destrofed, or authorise me to do so. He at once gave me permission to kill them. With some assistance I immediately began, and with dogs and guns killed some hundreds, when one day my landlord. instigated by fear lest I sh amed shoot game, wrote , ordering me to lay aside gun. Re a " Kill rabbits an; way you :loose but with the gun ; shooting I cannot allow." And suggested that a rabbit-catcher should be employed. A person was soon engaged, when lately another autograph ordered me to disaiks him, as his grace would "in futura see thatthe rabbits were kept under." A very aristocratic occupation without doubt. If rabbits are game, how comes it that individuals who possess not a game certificate are appointed to kill them without some time Meurring punishment? And if they are not game, how comes it that one noble lord protects and preserves them to feed his foxes, although they destroy in fields near their haunts fully a fourth of hie tenants' crops, and my owe landlord emirates to himself the pnwerof granting and withholding permission to his tenantry for dotraying them, when, if they are not game, they mast be dnignated vermin, and like rats and moles be under the doom of death whenever they are met with ? Once more: if rabbits are not game, how does it happen that any claim far payment of damage done by them to his crops, an tercel by a tenant against h:s landlord,lA entertained an l frequently paid for? I know one farmer who received 401. sterling for injury done to his turnips during one winter. I believe twat proprietors are not liable for the ravages of rabbits, if they are not game, any more than they ore for those of any other kind of vermin ; and who ever dreamed of compensation being made for injury caused by sparrows or pigeons? or fur potwoes and corn destroyed and carried away by the crows? But perhaps landlords act upon the old saying of " the more the cost the greater the honour," and are quite willing to pay any tri fl ing damage of this kind, if thereby their claim can be subtantiated and their right established to the style and title of Lords of the Rabbits—Game Lords—in addition to their well-merited, well-known designat'on— Lords of the Soil. I hope that in the ensuing session parliament will heartily take up this subject and maturely consider it. Game, especially rabbits, do the farmer more injury than protection could ever do him good; and now, when protection is swept away . , the game-laws should speedily follow. They are the occasion of more disagreement batween landlord and tenant than all other matters put together. 0 may their reign be brief.—l remain your obedient servant, A Tevtorstoe Famine.. THE BISHOP OF WORCESTER ON TOLERATION.— On Saturday last the Lord Bishop of Worcester delivered his charge to the candidates for holy orders, who were next day ordained, and whose names have already appeared in this paper. The following passages deserve perusal :—" It is very much the fashion of the present day to reprobate what is styled latitudinarianism, and most cordially da I join in such reprobation, if by latitudinarianism be meant an indifference to 'Limit —a eirelessnessahout the convictions at which we ar rive, in the vain hope that • man shall be saved by the religion which he happens to profess, be that religion founded in truth or in falsehood ; but! cannot bring myself to reprobate as la titudinarian that liberal spirit which, while it humbly rests its own hopes on those doctrines which it believes may be proved by the sure warrant of Scripture, believeth all things, hopeth all things, with regard to the ultimate fate of others, whose minds have conscientiously arrived at different conclusions. To use a fashionable term, it surely is not a Catho- ' lie feeling which shuts the gates of mercy on all who do not exactly coincide with us in our expla nation of the mysterious doings of Providence, or ru our interpretatien of certain dark passages of scripture ; but each a narrow-minded view of the divine dispen sations will sometimes result from an exclusive contemplation of those points in which, as churchmen, we differ frem other Christians, instead of more especially dwelling upon those in which we agree. When we reflect upon the mistaken views of duty which have frequently resulted from attaching undue importance to the profession of particular opinions, and that this is an infirmity of the human mind, more especially belonging to the clerical profession, it is scarcely possible to exaggerate the importance of your endeavouring to view with more liberal feelings the vast variety of denominations into which the Church of Christ is now unhappily divided. Much as we may reprobate the cell and bigoted zeal which in former years doomed to the stake so mai.) , of our Protestant ancestors, who can doubt tnat the perpetrators of these cruelties were in many instances deceived by this narrow-minded spirit, against which I have bean endeavouring to caution you, and imagined that they were doing God service when they endeavoured to prevent the spread of what they considered heretical opinions by dooming to the fl imes the bodies of those who professed them? Such atrocities have indeed been more frequent in the history . of the Roman Catholic Church than in that of Protestantism, but we must not forget that Calvin, when he sanctioned the burning of Servetus, and our own Cranmer, when he doomed to the stake the Maid of Kent, are likewise melancholy proofs that the greatest crimes may sometimeabe perpetrated under the influence of a mistaken sense of duty. Thanks be to God, the time is now gone by, when, under any circumstances, such violations of his laws can be sanctioned by the plea of zeal for his church, but the spirit may yet remain, although such results from it are no longer possible, and, indeed, no careful observer of passing events can doubt that individuals existerho are indebted to the accident of having been born in the nineteenth rather than the sixteenth century, for ex emption from that spirit of persecution and intolerance which disgraced the former period. Against such a spirit I venture to caution you. In your zeal for your own church, forget not that you are Christians, and remem ber that the spirit of Christianity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil, beareth ell things, believeth all things, hopeth all things. Those who unite with their strictly professional duties • certain degree of general literature, will be more likely to take enlightened and liberal views of such contro versial questions as may be brought under their con sideration. Upon this subject, I feel that I cannot do better than quote the following beautiful passage from a work by the present learned Bishop of Llandaff " In the cultivation of literature is found that common link, which among the higher and middle departments of life unites the s. eta and subdivisions in one interest; which supplies common topics and kindles common feelings, unmixed with those narrow prejudices with which all professions are more or less infected. The knowledge, too, which is thus acquired, expands and enlarges the mind, excites its faculties, and cane those limbs and muscles into freer exercise, which by a too constant use in one direction, not only acquire an illiberal air, but are apt to lose somewhat of their native play and energy. And thus, without directly . qualifying a man for any of the employments of life, it enriches and ennobles all ; without teaching the peculiar benefits of any one office or calling, it enables him to act his part in each of them with better grace and more elevated are iage." IRELAND. DUBLIN, DECEMBER 24. The provincial journals received to-day add nothing to the general information. They do not diminish, but they do not exaggerate, the condition of thecountry, which is sufficiently bad without the application of imaginative stimulants. The Mayo Telegraph, of yesterday, confirms the accounts in my last letter of the desperate misery in which that pan perised and populous county is involved. One fact will prove the absence of exaggeration in the main outline of the picture. Sir Francis Lynch Blase, the chairman at a meeting for the barony of Clanmorris, stated that the baronial destitution included 4,900 families, which at Is. per day for fo-il, during three months, would require an assess ment of 22,0001. This is en appalling fact—more than one half the whole population of a barony thrown on the other half for subsistence. Had the rest of Ireland been ite a condition as hopeless as Clanmorris, no remedies could res:ue it from irremediable ruin. But, though the future is sufficiently dismal, there are glimpses of encourage ment in the anxiety of all classes to contribute to the public safety, and relieve individual suffering, which fast increases on every side. The next month, before the spring labour commences, will severely try the endurance of the poor. The completion of the public works, now drawing to a close, will throw a great many hands out of employment. In Wexford this result has been anticipated, and the relief committee with the harbour commissioners have memorialised the Board of Works to sanction the larger class of work' which had passed the presentment sessions. Other precautions are being adopted to continue employment, and increase the stock of available food, such asthe stoppage of the distilleries, a very doubtful sort of relief. The example has been set by a Mr. Devereux, in Wexford, whose conduct has been highly commended, though it never occurred to the advo cates for stoppage that practically most of the distilleries must soon cease working from the high price of grain. An eminent distiller of Dublin has ordered several argot' of foreign Ikrain ; but he is in doubt whether to afford beneficial employment to a large number of workmen by ap plying the corn to distillation, or transferring it over to public uses. The price of grain is telling on the price of whisky. In the Limerick market whisky has risen 6d. a gallon, being a rise of le. in the gallon, or about 17 per cent. since the Ist of November last. The following is the new mode ordered by the Board of Works in the 'election of labourers recommended for err ployment by the relief committees: Fast : The engineer in charge calls upon the secretary of the Belief Committee for a certain number of men, in round numems, far • particular work. Second: The Secretary then sends in, in to the inspecting ofßeer, a Ilia of that number of nionen from Ste committee's sertniniv d duplicates to be seesmpeded by the original requisition of the engineer. Third : The belPindog oMmr having scrutinised these duplicate lave, approves and signs them, sending the original to the engineer for the inform- ton of his staff, and the duplicate to the secretary of the Belief Com mittee, in order that the men may know at once that they are approved for employment. But the inspecting officer bas nothimr to do with allocatine the men on the works. Fourth : With Morena to the gangs already employed on the ticket system, the overseer sends to the inspecting officer a list of the men of his gang, entitled by the engineer that these are the men. The inspecting officer then approves and signs the list, and these men are then on the new system, as no fresh scratiny is required for those already in employment. the Board of Works has given directions to employ SOO additional men in the county of the town of Galway, and too men extra In " the Claddagh." Ancient terror still invests the purchase of fire-arms in Limerick and Tipperary with deeds of dreadful note. The Limerick Chronicle states that an active magistrate ascer tained the number of fire-arms in his locality to have been 230 stand, though the police consider the return deficient. The return appears to us very great, but it would first be well to know the superficial area embraced in the in4etintte term " locality." Much will depend on fixing the metes and bounds of the magisterial jurisdiction. PRESENTMENT SESSIONS. EXTRSORnINARY PRESENTMENT SES3IONS.—An extra ordinary presentment session was held at Woodford, county of Clare, on Monday last. George O'Callaghan, Esq., pre sided. The chairman put the question if the sessions would proceed under the Labour Rate Act, or Mr. Labouchere's letter, and the majority decided for the latter, but before the meeting rose, they agreed to go under the act, and appli cations for presentments to the amount of 102,6001. were put in, although the Poor-law valuation of the barony is but 30,000/. The sessions adjourned to Wednesday, to arrange the numerous applications for district works. Presentment sessions were held for the barony of Kilne managlt, county Tipperary, on Monday, Lord Hawarden presiding, when the sum of 60001. were presented for repro ductive works, under Mr. Lakeuckere's letter. Also, on Wednesday last at Wexford, tar the barony u Furth, by ad journment; Mr. C. A. Walker Vice - Limit ., presided. At the previous sessions it had been determined to sink the Ksrlouge, • stream which falls into river Slaney, above Wexford, and on this occasi o n a resolution of the Wexford Belief Committee was preseuted to the chairman, deprecat ing any work which would have the effect of lessening the water power, as the mills in the neighbourhood were scarcely sufficient even at present to supply the public with prepared eorn. A gentlemen present stated that he had offered to c instruct an nndershot wheel mill of equal power with that which the drainage would damage, but his proposal would not he listened to, and thus, as the chairman deserved, 500/. eland mal was placed upon the barony, which must be expended upon unproductive works, whereas sinking the stream would serve to drain much land. The ex ample of the relief committee was imitated in another way by Colonel Johns, a gentleman raiding near Wexford, who had made known that he would oppose in every way the construction of a road presented for, as it was intended to run it through a portion of his garden. The Chairman, upon this made known, said it was a shame for a rich man to give so bad au example ; and he added, that some hundred people had been thrown out of work in a neighbouring barony, because the owner of a quarry refused his property to be entered—conduct which was perfectly illegal. Over 6,0001. were taken in the barony for drainage, and it is no more than justice to add that it was said at the meeting that several labourers who had obtained tickets for the public works had retains I them in their possession for the last month, preferring to work with the farmers. The presentment sessions for Shelburne (county Wex ford) were held by adjournment on Friday last, when it was' proposed to proceed under the letter of Mr. Lebouthere ,• but this could net be effected, as the landed proprietors of e A re t val ua tion a a a me i e d o f f or the extraordinary the district had net given their " assents." 13,8911. 12e pu b b a li r e wley bu i t unproductive works—one-half held in Croom, county Lime fele, on Monday last, Lord Duaraven preeding, the sum of 1,3001., being one-sixth the valuation of the barony, was presented for public works of a reproductive character. An adjourned sessions was held en Tuesday, at Pallas berry, county Limerick, Lord Monteagle presiding, when several sums were presented for reproductive works, but in consequence of the refusal of several absentee landlords to " assent" to drainage, public works were resorted to. STATE OF TILE COUNTRY. The Nenagh Guardian contains numerous accounts of outrages oe property perpetrated in that neighbourhood. Neither corn, sheep, cattle, or other things which may be used as food, are wife from the violence of the people; and in some instances, as perhaps might be expected, the plunderers are found to be above destitution. The following instance may be taken as examples of the outrages those Rapers contain : —A few nights since, a number of midnight depredators consisting of about ten persons, went to the haggard of F. Watson, Eeri e near Nenagh, and thrashed out the wheat and carried it away. Some of them are known —and they are persons rather comfortable, and not ier want. WEsT3dEATII.—ATTEMPT AT elegem—The Saunders News Letter relates, on the authority uf a correspondent at Athlone, that an attempt was mule on Monday last to murder the Messrs. Longworth, who reside at Glynwood, near Athlone, and one of whom is a deputy lieutenant for Westmeath. The writer sae s :—Mr. John Longworth was returning home with his brother to Glynwood, so early as four o'clock in the evening, when they were tired at in the avenue of their own demesue. Mr. L. was driving his own carriage, a servant sitting behind ; but most fortunate the shot di,l oat take effect upon any of the par ice. No one can assign the slightest reason for this diabolical attack. The connty is in a most frightful state. WATESFOttD.—PLLINDEK OF FLOUIL—The Waterford Chronicle relates that on Friday night last a boat, lying at anchor in the river Barrow, between Ross and Graigue, was plundered. About eight o'clock the crew were alarmed by the noise of the approach of another boat, and the skipper came up from the locker to see that no injury be sustained. Just as he came up a stone was thrown at him, which cut his leg, and imme diately a gabbord came alongside, with a party of seven or eight men. They beat the man severely—he fell into the locker—and the robbers threw a Rack of flour on the open hatchway to confine him there. They then put into their boat about 20 sacks of supertine flour, and went away. NEWILF.—Ofs similar character, but not so violent, is an outrage related to have occurred at Lara, near Newry, where the mill of Mr. D. L:slie was plundered. MAYO.—The following picture of the condition of Mayo is to terrible, that one would hardly incline to believe it on any authority short of the official one of inquests and their results. The details are collected from the A/ayo Constitu tion which says On last week, Mr. R. O'Grady , coroner, held an inquest at Kilbrack, on a man named l'at Tiernan, and the jury returned a verdict that deceased came by hie death from the effects of hunger and insufficient food. On the pith instant, Mr. Rutledge, coroner, held an inquest at Robin, on the body of Catherine Walsh, who died of starva tion. One of the witnesses deposed that the deceased was able to work on the roads until the inclement weather set in, when, from her age, she was unable to withstand the cold, and therefore she could not procure food. Dr. Little declared the cause of her death to be from the absolute want of the necessaries of life. On Tuesday last, Mr. Atkinson, coroner, held an inquest at Crossmolina, on the body of Bernard Regan, sun of a butcher, who was in the employment of Messrs. Rus sell, of Limerick. Being out of employment, and having been refused admittance there, he made Ilia way to Galway —together with his &even children—where they were also denied poorhouse relief. They then begged their way to Crusemolina, where the boy died. After the examination of Dr, M'Nair, and the father and mother of deceased, the jury returned a verdict of death from want of food. On Wednes day the same coroner held an inquest on the body of Michael Moran, at Knockadine. Deceased wag, it appears, obliged, after consuming all his grain, to beg for the last six weeks, nut having received any relief from his landlord ; the pour man and his family were often without food for 21 hours. Dr. M'Nair and other witnesses were examined, and the jury found that death was catered by want of sufficient food. On Friday the same coroner held au inquest on the body of John Ituarre, at Lacken. Deceased was found on Thursday, by a little girl, near the chapel of Lacken, lying dead on the footpath. lie belongs to a colony of fishermen, who were comfortable in their own way, before the present calamity, but are now scattered throughout the country. The jury returned a verdict of death from starvation. On Saturday morning last, the body of a man about 70 years of age was found lying on the roadside, between this town and West port, whoa name or residence is unknown. On yesterday an inquest was held, and from a medical examination of the body, a verdict of death from starvation was returned. In consequence of this wretched condition of affairs the coroner for the northern division of Mayo addressed the Lord Lieutenant upon the necessity of opening food depots. In that communication he says :—Since my last report seven more human beings have alien victims to that monster hun ger—namely, Michael Merin, Hugh Daly, Martin M'Oovier, Michael Walsh, John Barrett, Anthony Malley, and John Monnelly. Unless speedy relief be a ff orded by the govern ment iu lowering the present high prices of previsions it is my candid opinion, from my knowledge of the impoverished and famishing state of destitution prevailing in the district which I travel through, that many other human beings will be laid in their graves for want of food, before the expire. Lion of the winter. To this appeal the subjoined reply was returned : " Dublin Castle. Dee. 17, 1548. "Sir,-1 beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the llth instant, and 1 am directed by the Lord Lieutenant to acquaint you, that his Excellency deeply deplores tire me la nekoly occurrences to which you refer, and has &put brought your representations upon the state of the provision trade of the Manna district under the special moonier ation of the Commissary-Cienend. 1 urn, Sir, your obedient servant, " T. N. Itemoirroo. ' "To John Atkins" Esq., Ratline." A poor man named Dever, from:the Half-Parish, who came into Castlebar to seek for some food to support nature, was overtaken by • weakness, and having been admitted into a cabin in Bushell, died of exhaustion, and was interred without a coffin or any other covering ! A ME UICAN Suerttes.—The Southens Reporter, of yes terday's date, contains the following announcement:—Be i, sides several cargoes of make which have arrived in Cork harbour since our Its:, from different European ports, we have the pleasure to report a large vessel—the Manchester s of 670 tons—from New York, bringing the first direct ls loading Indian corn at N ew York for Ireland, :f. master,acnatpietaisaupip.alyfierof, re br p e : dai ru tu th ffs at fo h r e l t e h ft e u se e aso ea n ty .. th T rae he a l vase with all possible dispatch, and that three other vessels sailed in company with him fur C ork. T 1 e cargo of the , t ee r Manchester was bought by a Limerick house at 1.51. per ton. en Sir David Roche, Bart., of Cara", county Limerick, a set very extensive miller and baker, is selling bat flour to his tenantry in the county of Limerick at Ils. the cwt. Second of flour sold in Dublin yesterday at 225. to 235. 6d. the cwt. me . The Poor Relief Committee of Cloghjorden, King's County, dispose of 401. worth of Indian meal per day to the poor of elle( that locality. They sell at coat price—not under. In the for • Nile town several houses are open, where one meal per We. diem of good stirabout is given gratuitously to every demi ° the tube person in the district. ailed REDUCTIIIIN or Renee.—Lord Banally, and Mr. A. T. estates Cod- 10 to 20 per cent., on payment of the gale of rent due Ist and Clive, e on re a n sCal t3 o e n a ti ve e r i ag r from 3 with tenants in smear , on payment of one year's rent. to the nano - d TOof;PßMPeriaeryan,4lB46"ll.im"eTriEkvi:same allowance to be made to those BA:MO:I.—THE DlBTuEBll.—The National and Pro b., the vincial Banks of Ireland in Cork have sanctioned their ,proves officers to transmit small sums to the relief of the distressed 4 n ° districts' in that county, free of charge. men The e. „, le the ft, the c o unty e I engineer e ll ee t . e fa e r o t thit. e — E l is East tft s i ta di ted ap, thhaast reported T o . ri zacy ht. , vourably to Government on the practicability of making arms in Clonakilty Harbour, county Cork, navigable for large The vessels, and otherwise improving it at a trifling expense.— ucer- Cork Paper. e f fi e cirnt n . 1 athBlliinsPwt.:tosffctrorTlohren first be hands saved. She was laden with cheese, beef, and definite flour. pe ter in g:: eKiMauaecaore, cowrn, efts ext. wrec erd, t in ed . re; the SCOTLAND. NATIONAL EDI. CATION.—Sir, —My letter, which you thought proper to insert in your paper of Tuesday, the Bth current, way written principally to direct attention to the subject of education, and I felt grat.tied that you had be stowed so long a comment on it. I was unwilling to take up much of your space with any rtmarks I had to mike, convinced that the pal ticukirs 01 any scheme, however well concocted, could nit be condensed into one letter. lam glad to find that it has drawn forth the strictures of S. X., not that I wish to enter into any contro verry, but chiefly because it has arain brought out your own lucid view. 4 upon the subject. If attended to the scope and purport of my letter he would have found, however, obscurely expre,sed, that my object was to enforce the propriety of organising tbe burgh and parochial teachers of Scotland into • body corporate, with "laws and regulations of their own, and completely indepen dent of any surveillance but that of the governen6nt of the country." That in the meantime until something better was devised, the present parochial system might easily be made the basis of the system, that the Presbyteries of the bounds could readily look after the acquirements of aspirants for the oflim of teacher, and that the Pres byteries might meet monthly or quarterly for edu cational purposes. Such a plan were it adopted far a mere trial would help to break down many Prejudices, and in a short time other teachers not parochial, would be desirous of connecting themselves with the corporation. I have fixed upon the parochial teachers, because they are not only more in the hands of the G..piern meet than any others, but that a little trouble could t,:ga nine the whole for an experiment. Your correspondent sees many difficulties. Difficulties no doubt, there are, but they are not insurmountable. All the difficulties mentioned by S. H. hive often crossed my mind, and I am convinced some of the parochial teachers, when offered promotion would fear the change. Timidity is natural to some minds. It is re ported oft miserable race upon the shores of the Mediterranean sea who live upon nothing but fish and room, but who are, for all that, in constant dread of those on the hills coming down upon them, and depriving them of' their means of support; so some timorous and short-sighted teachers may get alarmed at a change, lest it should be detrimental to their already ill requited labour*. I have no such fears ' and lam still con vinced that Scotchmen are so attached to the parochial system that they would rejoice to see it ameliorated, and perhaps w the country p 'riches, a better could not easily be adopted, if the specified changes were acted upon. The pro posed change would add greatly to the status and cha racter of the teacher, while it would detract nothing from the reverence or respect due to the clergyman ' although it should deprive him of his superintendiug care. And coca were it to do nothing more than add to the respectability of the schoolmaster, that alone would draw a higher class of educated men into the office, and at the same time these men placed, as they would necessarily be, in the midst of others, would have a beneficial effect in elevating their cha racters and advancing the whole education of the country. It is well known that such would be the effect, for wherever schools of a high grade arc established the sur rounding seminaries endeavour to emulate them. A mere act of parliament incorporating the burgh and parochial teachers would do injury to no existing endow ments, and to no private individual; if no demand were made upon the public purse. All we claim at present, is that the teachers be entrusted with the management of their own affairs as the clergy, physicians, and procurators, and other bodies of men ; and that they are capable of managing their own affairs, we have appealed to what they have done, and are doing. Far be it from me to undervalue the advanta ges to be derived from normal seminaries, but when referring the literary attainments of schoolmasters, I said that normal schools have been found to add little to the literature of the students, and that some plan might be adopted to ascertain the acquirements of those who are to become teachers. More than the mere formula of teaching is necessary to make an efficient teacher. He must have an active mind and as active a body, and he must be well stored with infor mation in the department which he is to superintend. In reference to the statistics in L. X.'s letter, I think you have said all that need be said, only I would add that I have little confidence to place in school statistics, and, as for the adventure schools, although some of them are among the best in the country, still a great proportion of them could not be taken into account by any one con versant with such places of education. I dismiss these, therefore, entirely from my view. Numerically at first, I would cot add to the endowed schools ; I would 'take them , as they stand, but would hold out er.couragement for competent persons to join the ranks, until the comple ment was filled. Such is the bare idea of the plan I would propose. It is so simple, that the govern ment, with the existing machinery, could organize it in a month, and the teachers might be in a condition to have their first assembly in September, 1347. Fears and difficulties are out of the question ; make the attempt; it is what will suit Sc Aland, it is consonant to their religious sys tem, and in sympathy with the warmest affectionsof the popu lation, The plan proposed would not supersede any necessity there is for a central minister of education. A minister must act through some organs, and what better auxiliaries than the body of men referred to, who, however deficient in dividually, must be acknowledged, collectively, to know more of the practical "department of education than any other body of men whOever. L. T. S. P.S.—Your correspondent completely misunderstood me, when he supposed I could advocate a separate co-operation foe the educator, and at the same time subject him to eccle siastical control. The synods and presbyteries I meant were secular, nut ecclesiastical, the ecclesiastical the type.—L. T. S. PROVINCIAL. LANCASHIRE. THE WEATHEL—LIVERSOHL, CHRISTMAS DAY. --The thaw, which had been genera, gave place, yesterday morn ing, to a smart frost, and in the evening there was a fall of snow. Last night, it froze intensely hard, and to-day there is every appearance of a permanent frost. CHRISTMAS CHARITIES. —The Liverpool charitable societies are at present actively at work ; but the claims on them are so numerous, that it is feared t h at they will be un able to relieve the distressed without the assistance of the public. TO ARSIHRE. PROPOSED ATHEMMUM FUR SIIEFFIRLD.—At a meeting of the promoters of an Atheneum in Sheffield, it was agreed to join the directors of the Mechanics' Institute in their endeavours to form the Atheneum in connexion with the present institution. It was further agreed to prepare a document for the signature of parties who wish to become members of the same, and to commence an active canvass. The Independent says: " A fair number of subscribers' names has been obtained to make 'beginning of the canvass, which will now be prosecuted with real. The Athenaeum will combine not only provision for lecturing, but a library, reading-room, and news-room on a respectable scale, so as to furnish an ag reeable place of resort for those to whom the earlier hours of closing business which now prevail, give an ' hour or two fur evening recreation and instruction." WARWICKSHIRE. ROBBERIES IN WAllWlCK.—Notwithstanding the estab lishment of a small police force, robberies are almost nightly committed within the limits of the borough, and many of the inhabitants complain, and very justly, of the inefficiency of the police. The complaint is not that the present officers do not do their fluty, but they consider their number a burleeque, compared with the extent and population cf the town. They also considered it impossible for four men and a super - intendent to perform both day and night duty ; the popula tion of the borough being about ten thousand, and the extent more than two miles. wohcEsTEttsitlnF.. --- REPRESENTATION OF EAST WORCESTERSHIRE.—The addresses which have been published by Sir Horace St. Paul and by Mr. Taylor, father of the present member for East Worcestershire, repudiating any participation in the arrange ment recently entered into between the Whig and Cm.ser yetis° parties at Droitwieh, and ratified at Worcester, has called forth the following address to the electors front Mr. James Arthur Taylor, the member for East Worcestershire : " Gentlemen -A compromise having been entered into at a meeting held at Droitwich on the 11th instant, repecting the representation of this division of the county, which appears to me to be unfair to the independent electors, I think it right to inform you that I was no party to it, and that I do not in the slightest degree deem it binding upon me. I have for some time (for private reason) con tempt:it'd retiring from Parliament, and I have mentioned in more than one quarter my intention to do so, in case these reasons still re main in force at the next general election ; but I did not feel called upon to make that announcement public, because, should iircom stances alter, and should nip constituents desire it, I had determined again to solicit their suffrages. Thin my intention remains the same, being anxious, ant , the confidence with which you hove honoured mc, to leave open till the last moment any chance of bring again able to re present you in Parliament. In any event I shall ever remember with the deepest feelings of gratitude the favours which you have conferred upon cue.-1 remain, &c., J. A. Tavicia —Moseley Hall, Dec. 24, ISM." It will be seem from thin that Mr. Taylor has not finally determined to withdraw from the representation of the county. Lziur, cm - man... SEASONABLE BENEVOLENCE.—LUTIERWORTH, DEC. 25. —The Lady Braye, of Stanford-Hail, has, with a spirit of liberality deserving high praise, returned the last halt-year's rent to the numerous tenantry who occupy pieces of allot ment ground on her estates in the parishes of Stanford, Swinford, and South Kilworth. This seasonable benevo lence is felt as a great relief by the majority of the persona who occupy the ground, the general failure of the potato crop having had a serious effect upon their resources. In addition to this act of liberality her ladyship has caused coals, blankets, and food to be supplied to all necreitous and deserving persons residing in the above parishes. This example, it affords us pleasure to state, has been followed by the Rev. G. 11. Franks, J. Lindsay. Esq., and Sir Thomas Esteourt, to the poor of Waleote ; the Rev. Edward Mushiest to those of Shawell ; the Rev. J. P. Marriott, to the poor of Cotesbatch ; the Rec. R. H. Johnson and Colonel Everett, to the poor of Clayhrooke and Ullesthorpe ; the Rev. 0. Monington,Miss Powell,Miss Twining, and Mrs. T. Watson, to the p , sor of Bitteswell ; and the Rev. R. H. Johnson, the Rev. J. R. Gurney,lirs. T. Waton, &c., to the poor of Lot terworth. By these sets of kindness the poor people, not withstanding the extreme severity of the frost, will be enabled to enter into the usual rejoicings that characterise this season of the year. The inmates of the union house at Lutterworth were also allowed to participate in the festivities, the guardians providing an abundant supply of roast beef and plumb-pudding for the Christmas dinner, together with a pint of a'e and tobacco to each male inmate ; whilst the female's and children were regaled with tea and cake. The Lady Villiers, of Sulby-Hall, Northamptonshire, has distri buted food, clothes, and waist." all the poor of Sibbertoftand Welford, to the amouat of 2001. NOTTLVGILUISHIRE. REPRESENTATION or Newana.—t ue Mayor of Newark, G. Hutton, gave yesterday se'nnight a sumptuous dinner at the Town-hall to the principal inhabitants of Newark, and many of the neighbouring county gentlemen, when Lord John Manners bid farewell to the constituency of Newark (it has been well known fur some time that he h►s secured a peat for Stamford in the next parliament), and stated that J. H. Manners Sutton, Esq., of Kelham-hall, would, in all probabil;ty, became a candidate for the suffrages of -the electors ; and that Lord Stanley had taken the lead of what .. once was the Tory, then the Conservative, and what now is styled the Country Party, and that the noble lord had well matured his measures for the coming session. Mr. Stuart - also spike, but avoided all part• p ,lilies, observing only that he should again become a candidate for Newark. DEVON'IIIRE. BATHS AND WASH-HOLT , ES AT PLvaeovTif. —lt will probably be recollected that at the recent meeting held at the Mechanics' Institute to roceive a Report on the Sanitary Condition of Plymouth, a memorial to the Town Coatesl was adopted, asking the council to consider the necessity of some measures for improving the dainage of the town, and more effee'ually cleansing the streets and removing the refuse, and especially that they would, without delay, con , eider the desirebleness di carrying into effect in Dianna