The Express. — London, England, 1849-11-27 00:00:00

IT will have bun sews ,by refsevoce to our advertising colenues, that the proprietors bare decided not to ex clude advertisements harts, pOtorial illustrations. The Surest being a paper that circulates largely is the country, and amosget eluses to whom a desorip ties of the article advertised, is desirable, it has been thought Bt to deviate, with regard to this paper, from the rule hitherto obssrved in the London Daily Pram of not admitting such advertisements. The value of any advertising medium must depend in a large measure upon the extent of its circulation. In this point of view the &press can now challenge any one of its evening contamporariev, and the follow ing statement of the number of stamps issued to mod used for this journal will show its graded increasel in popularity : 1847, from Jan. Ito Dec . 3l , 778,714 888,u18 1848, from do. to do. 1849. from do. toAng.Sl (Smooths) 664,000 In this paper, therefore, occupying as they con fidently smut, the first place in point of circulation among its contemporaries, the proprietors offer to advert'sers increased facilities, now for the first time available to them in the London Daily Press. Should there ensue any largely iccreued demand upon the columns of the paper,the proprietors are prepared to meet such demand by the occasional publication, without extra charge, of a double number. lite elpregW. OUTGOING NAILS. The mob Ise British North Amadei sad the tlalted Ogles we be mael op en the Mof agi Net. SO. TM Web Iniis MOO, Eirmsels, Emma, Namsg. lendenas, New Mitt i t Karim, sad otaludiag Om Moielms.M. MeodoNiseregm, New Gomeds, • ena Pau, will be made up ea Dee. 2. The male be Malkin, the Boa* and Bosse Ayres. wW be node so on Dee. 4. TM neat osallo he Lebow, Spats, md Gibraltar will be made aS om Doc 7 . The main er blesseilleo, to the Moditerraassa, Egypt, Celon, lean'. NeekKeng, will be mole up on the males ot Gibraltar, 7. TM mails fur Gibraltar, Nebo, Gram, the lonian Islinde, Egypt, Cosies, Judie, and Chios. Oa Southampton, will A. mole go on the moraiag of Dee. 20. 1110 K WATT% AT LONDON 11111:0011. ?no MI —Mends& 11A. 1 1 0. A Annussa. la b. I. T.-maaor—lienly.l3l LONDON, TUESDAY, Nornais 27. The rest liberal party, not only that more adven turous portion of it which incurred defeat and which suffers in exile, but that which deplores at home in apparent resignation the general prevalence of a military rtryime has at least wherewithal to console itself under the weight of disgrace and calumny, by observing the fear which its very name impose. None could more truly repeat the adage of the poet, Let them hate whilst they fear, than the liberals of Europe might, when speaking of their proecribers sod oppressors. Wherever we regard, indeed, we see military rulers commanding hundreds of thou ands of soldiers, and yet trembling each at the shadowy grandeur of some great liberal name. Wt at fear have not the Czar and the Aua'rians shown of Kossurn? Their victory seemed insecure as long as be survived : the triumph tyranny Wes doubtful as long as he walked abroad. They first demanded his head in the bullying lan guage of the coward. Reeisted, they humbled their tone to crave his being kept captive. And it is diffi cult to tell which was meanest, the craving of the executioner or the supplication of the gaoler. We are not yet certain how far the latter has succeeded, but we should hope its failure from noticing the diabo lical inveteracy with which the instruments and owns of despotism ply the trade of forgery and of falsehood. This activity of hatred, however, defeats its own object. For instead of crushing its victims, it, on the contrary, elevates them to the rank of ma rtyrs, and saves them from an oblivion to which they might for a time be consigned. Marl SOsinTll been left to wander forth from the Danube a discomfited chief, he and his cause might ere now have ceased to occupy a place in the interest and admiration of the people of Europe. Had WALDECK been allowed to return to his native village, who would have honoured his name ? Whilst by its trumped up and nefarious accusation of treason, as well as by impri soning his person and menacing his life , the Prussian government is making a martyr of a loan who bad not the capacity or eminence to be dangerous as a political chief. The French government, though not playing so cruel a part, is engaged in one equally impolitic by the nee dl ess outrages which it daily heaps on the republican principle and the republican party. 'fliers is no calm observer of the state of Europe and of its different countries, who would not declare the probability that the exile of to-day will be the minister of to-morrow and eke versa. Change is inevitable. For so foolish, so timid, so undignified, and so incapable, are each suc cessive party which grasps power, that it is quite evi dentthe time and the trial must come round to those most opposed to them in political opinion. No doubt the provisional government of France, as well as the 'clothed governments of revolutionary countries, die. played little wisdom. But do the reactionista dis play more? How is ACIIILLE FOULD superior in either character or talent to 00IIDCHAUX— M. LUIITTE to M. BASTIDE—Or General Hatrreoun to General CAVAN/PAC? If the French government, Wore the constitution, did not save Italy, they at least did not betray Rome. And the last is the only plain and patent act by which President Louis NAPOLEON'S year of government can be judged or marked. The revolutionists of 1848 may thus have been great bunglers, but we opine, not more so than those who have taken their places. The revolutionists could not perpetuate the powers, which they had so hastily and unexpectedly been called to take. Are the military chiefs, and the ministers in their employ, founding any thing ? We cast our eyes over Europe, and we cannot me that they are founding solidly or wisely one single institution. The Austrian cabinet is paltering and talking, having so lately given rep logging and shooting, but with a constitution it is making po way. Instead of minding its own affairs, and consolidating . its own empire, Austria is at its old tricks, meddling in the affairs of others, and striving to tender the prospects of Germany . as blank, as bank rupt, as prohibitive, and as despotic as its own. The Emperor and his ministers at Vienna have as yet done nothing that can entitle them to the name of a government. They are but a court-martial upon a field of battle. If we look at Milan, Venice, Naples, Rome—where nothing but tyranny, and misery, and prieetcraff travail, we can only say that revolution ary anarchy itself were preferable. For this might lead to some compromise between freedom and monarchy, whereas the present state of unmitigated despotism can lead to nothing but the mos, san guinary revolution. As to Italy, however, we feel that its fate ne follow the fete of Germany. And Germany has but commenced, we fear, a bug epoch of turbu lence and revelation. In 1848 it strode forward ;in 1819 it recoiled. These years, however, are but the two first 'tete of • very long and intricate dance, of which none can foresee the evo.utions, and of which we can only, in truth, predicate one t hing, which is, that it will continue. But Germany is yount, strong, full of ideas , impulses, and hopes. 'lin i t t wild* something, and arrive at something, note need for a moment espair or doubt. Batof France we have our fears; fears of itsever reach ing a settled state, or of emerging from the dread al ternative of insurrection or repression. Its several parties are fur the present employed in taunting, outraging, and provoking one another; in short, in creating t hose passions which, in 1792 , erecter the s caffold in the place of the altar. The country is a republic, a term of government to which the Wiper dosses have submitted and sworn allegiance.. Yet we are daily t3ld, and they tell us, they abhor it; and that it has LC":1 imposed upon them, a majority of monarchists, by a beggarly minority f republicans. What a miserable let of poltroons most the monarchic majority be so to have bowed the head end accepted the yoke of what they abhorred—and what a heartless and womanly set they are not to rise at once and declare their will to hi t'Ait of t* e maj , ii•y—a will which, if their lie.uds at.:l award' declared, none dare: gain.i.iy. 116, THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 27, 1849. specific gravity of 1.05. If a maker chances to pro duce an article a fraction heavier than this, be is sub ject to an additional of Ns. per ton far all his soap, and this eislioo elegy is *seer returned upon soap whisk la exported. Now it happens that I the soap best adapted to hot climates, and mast approved of in the South American and West Indian markets exceeds the legal specific gravity by five or 1 six per cent. That is to say, whilst our legal specific gravit7 of Pomp is only 1.05, West Indian and South Amerman convenience faa their mai& gravity & or 110. The conesquenco of this is clear. Under the English excies law, the manufacturer is precluded from supplying the eolith Americans and West Indians with Os soap they want; and there fore the Booth Americans and the West Indian., like wise men, go elsewhere foe the commodity. Bo muck is this the case, that at the present mo ment the neutral markets of South America are inossopolised, as regards the trade in soap, by the manufacturers of the United States. In the British West India colonies there is a differential duty offering a serious impediment to all other soapmalons than those d the United King dom. Yet despite this differential duty, the importation of American soap into those colo nies is year after year, increasing, whilst the importation of British soap is year atter year diminish ing. And this occurs notwithstanding the fact, that England largely exports to America the alkali with which this very soap is made! Only consider this; America importing English raw material and becom ing the seat of manufacture for the supply of English colonies ! But this is not all. The British manufacturer of soap is subjected, not merely to trade difficulties in supplying the export market, bat is subjected to a direct pecuniary disadvantage in competing with the foreign manufacturer. This pecuciary disadvantage is computed at nearly 52r. per ton of soap, and is cal culated as follow. : C e. L Customs duty on tallow and resin ELoos on gsuge; or different* between this xcise weigbt and the weight as deli vered 0 2 9 „ Biwa expense of working under the Ex- CIAO apparatus, extra labour and lows by easeelties Interest upon the duty, 141. 18e. 9d. for three mouths Proportion of bad debts 0 2 0 „ Total advantage of foreign maskers over Baglbh manufactures £2 11 6 „ This calculation aesumes the specific gravity of the soap at 1.05 or under. If, however, in the attempt to manufacture with those oils and materials which are best suited to foreign market., the specific gravity is made to exceed 1 . 05, even only 1 per cent., then there is a further loss 0f504. per ton, thus increasing the advantage to the foreign maker to 51. le. 6d. per ton, or 12 or 15 per cent. on the value of the soap. It of course must be expected, under such circum stances as these, that the foreign soap trade of Great Britain must be ruined. We do accordingly find that ever since the present excise law came into operation, the foreign trade has been in a rapid state of deca donee. The drawback upon manufactured soap has been as follows: 1840 £2/10,917 1841 251,838 1842 224,497 1843 229,111 1844 262,728 1846 243,666 1848 218,660 1847 203.654 lin 1841, the new law came into operation, and its elect may be seen in the diminished amount of draw backs in the years following. At the end of 1843, and in 1844, the trade made a struggle; with what success may be judged by the rapidly diminishing drawbacks of 1845.6-7, which were still further les sened, we believe, to about 198,0001. in 1848. This amount of drawback, however, must not be taken to represent our export soap ;rade. Only a proportion—say one-half of it—was allowed to the exporter. The remainder was drawbacks upon soap consumed in the woollen and clo*h.ng trades in Eng land, a branch of the subject which we shall consider at another opportunity. 'Opening Itilibeet.l Lowest.' Closing PARIS, Nov. M. Eta I - Monty. '•I - --- I • • 3 per Cents. ....... 37 4 86 83 37:10 38 KO 37 0 3 per Cents. S do. New Lama_ „ a n n II 44 per pmts,... ...—. 78 73 . n n 4 * 4 pee Dents 99 ..1 M , It KlLb.nire as Lnodn.: Sh days, 38 50; Se days, 25 35. Belgian,:, 1 1 9 ) 17a. 5, 1842 I .10. - saa Luau ... 82 „ Do. 44 Do. se Boota.—Parts and Orleans, 737 30 ; Parts and Rouen, 327 30 ; Rouen and Havre, 232 50; 'Avignon and MarseiDes, 218 75 ; Burs. banns and Rale, 109 30 ; North, 441 71 ; Paris sad Strasbourg, 338 95; Tears and Nantes, 980; Versailles, rigbt bask, 210. The following letters are from car own corre spondents : BERLIN. Nov. 23. The Upper Chamber to-day, resumed the ad journed debate without bringing it to a aloes. Among the speakers was Von Auerswald, the President of the Chamber ; bat nothing of lm poetesses occurred during the sitting. The govern ment bas hitherto remained silent on the sub ject, perhaps from fear of compromising itself. A peeegto cannot be particularly pleasant to its mam bos; they cannot speak in favour of it, for if they do so it will most probably be rejected, while if they oppose it its rejection is quite certain. As far as we can judge from pressat experience the propositions of the committee on the constitution slightly modified seem to meet with the mast numerous support. But their 'access cannot be regarded as certain. The Second Chamber has entered the labyrinth of feudalism; and I cannot with safety to my peace of mind trouble you with the endless details respecting " blood-tenths," "bee-tenths," "annual tithes of half and whole eggs," and all the other minutite of the p a t r i a rchal regime. They could only prove inte resting to the honed housekeeper of worthy Cosine Bradwardine. The electorate of Hesse has sent in its accession to the Interim. VIENNA, Nov. 21. The ambition of the Serviette to form a sepa rate nationality, and to have a distinct territory assigned to them, has at length been gratified. The last decree, which the Emperor signed be fore hie departure for Prague, established the Servian ermwochship as an independent pro vince, with an independent Servian administration, a landtsg of its own, and all the privileges which belong to a crown land of the empire. The blunt of Temente and the Berrien districts of Ruma and Illok, will bo included in the woiwodelip. Thel l Emperor will be styled grand-woiwode, and the governor, to which post General Mayerhoffer is ap pointed, vice-woiwode. This measure of the govern ment, however liberal it may appear towards the Servian, is a fresh and important spo- Kaden of the kingdom of Hungary, which loses thereby the moat fertile portion of its territory, and those rich alluvial deposits of the I Save, Dray., Danube, and Theism, which make this region one of the most abundant corn countries in the world. Nor does the injustice stop here, but a considerable population of German settlers, who both as traders and farmers, end in all other respects are su perior to the Servians, are handed over to the sway of a race whose ignorance and barbarism they despise. A petition was extensively signed by these substan tial colonists, praying that they might be saved from this misfortune, but the tyranny of the Servian func tionaries prevented its circulation. The most consi derable Servian emigration into the region of the new I woiwodeship took place in the reign of the emperor Le opold 1., who in 1690 allowed between 36 and 37 thou sand Servian families of the Greek schismatic religion, under the guidance of their patriarch Arsenics Cer nowies to settle on the lands between the Save and Drava, and at the mouth of the Theiss, which 150 years of Turkish domination had not perhaps done much to improve. The independence of their church, free exercise of their religion, right to choose their own patriarch and woiwode, and to have their inter nal affairs administered by Servian magistrates, were privileges bestowed upon the emigrants in rew ard for the aid which they had brought against the Ottoman invaders. The peace treaties of Cerlowi'z and Pena rawitz, which abridged the sway of the Turk still further, gave a proportionate room to the Servian to indulge their nomade propensities. The same rich soil was held by . the Daca-Romao, but neither he nor his Servian neighbour ktew how to use this blessing of nature until the German colo nist came, and the abundant crops which repaid his energetic toil taught these ruder occupants to enrich themselves by imitation. But the warlike Magyar asserted meanwhile his dominion over all alike ; and, finally, the union of this country with the kingdom of Hungary under Joseph 11., established the undi'puted supremacy of the Magyars. The dignity of woiwode was abolished after George Brankowich had fallen prisoner into the hands of the Hungarians. The Ser vians ceased to have their affairs managed by functiona ries of their own race. But whatever may have been the retrenchment which took place in their liberties during the period of the Magyar rule, there is no doubt tnet the recent Hungarian revolution would hove given the Servians all they could rationally desire ; although Kossuth did not lend a very favourable ear to their claims for an independent nationality. In fact, Kossuth was too good a statesman not to Fee the im practicability of such a scheme, and too upright a man to peewee what would turn out a mere iilusion. He said that he keew of no Servian territory in Hungary—that he only knew of a population speak ing the Servian language mixed up with other races, Wallacks, Germane, Sclavonianz, Magyars, who, by the concession of a Servian territory, mast be tubjected to the same grievance of which the Servians themselves complained ; and that the system of granting separate nationalities would completely cut up and destroy the Hungarian monarchy. The present policy of Austria having precisely this end in view, no one can doubt that the present boon to the Servian nationality is an effective step in the promo tion of that policy. VIENNA, Nov. 22. Toe government's new adjustment of the sugar duties has been published to-day. The main feature in this arrangement is the imposition of one knuzer on the pound, or of one florin and forty kreuzers on the cwt., of the raw sugar of home-produce, which has been hitherto duty free. On the other hand the duty on the foreign sugar used in refinerieshasboen raised, in order to compensate the taxed home producer by a a higher protection, from 7fl. 30kr. to Bfi. Small consolation to the consumer. The importation duty upon refined sugar is reduced from 18 to 16 &rine, and that upon moist sugar for consumption from 15 to 12 fiorine. The duty on syrup remains at 5 florins. One of the main recommendations of this sugar tariff, in the eyes of M. Krauss, is that it coincides as nearly as withthat of theZollvertia. The tax imposed on best-root sugar has been long foreseen, and was in fact announced as in contemplation by the minister of finance to the Diet. In fact, the home producticn making every year a more sensible diminution is the importation of sugar, the treasu-y naturally indemei fies itself for the falling off in the customs by im posing an excise duty on the source of its loss. This is what has been already done in France, Belgium, and in the territory of the Zollverein. Only the mis fortune is that in Austria the production of beet sugar is not so copious yet as to offer the state more than a very inconsiderable sum from this resource, while the peculiarly depressed circumstances of the agricultural classes require that they should be laden with no ad ditional burtbens. At present the annual beet-root crop throughout the empire is laid at two millions and a half of owls. The official statistics give the sugar extracted at 5 per cent., the lowtess of which estimate it is not easy to explain, seeing that the same root in Prussia yields 7 per cent. Therefore the quantity of beet-root sugar produced would amount to about 125,000 cwt. The syrup pro duced from potatoes is, according to the latest returns, which however are not more recent than 1844,12,500 cwt, or a tenth part of the btet-root produce. Therefore the gross amount of the new excise duty would be about 230,000 florins. Although this cal culation is made from the best official statisticsaccesei ble to me it does not however quite agree with the sum which the finance minister hopes to get, and which he states at half a million of florins. In the meantime it affords a striking indication of the privations to which the subjects of this paternal government are exposed to observe the incredibly small quantity of sugar which they consume. The quanta y of cane sugar consumed in Austria is 533,000 cwt., which, together with the home-produce mentioned above, makes a total of 675,500 cwt. Comparing this with the numerical pop ulation, we get an average of 1 5-6 pound a-head for individual consumption. Now the consumption in England is 20 pounds, that in Belgium 15, in Holland 14, and in Prussia 6 pounds to each person. Perhaps there could hardly be' a better randard of the domestic comfort of nations as well as families, than the censumptioc of sugar, the presence of which, as a main element in the earliest nutriment which men takes, renders it not surprising that it slicu'd continue during life to form an essential part of !As food. The latest returns give u the amount of refined sugar produced from raw cane sugar 418,000 cwt., worth 3101. the c. t., and 90.000 cv,l. pyrne, at 101, the total y.aue being 15 laillivos of brine. 23 refineries were In this conduct there would be courage, there would be sense. But to institute a republic, to swear alle giance to it, and aver at the same time that they are is a state of permanent conspiracy against it; to insult it in the Natioaal Awe mbly, yet tremble before it lithe council chamber and in the streets--this, we malataia, is a state of anarchy lire worst th an what pre vailed under the provieiocal governumnt. It is the incarnation at ones d trews and of cowardice, not peening but petpstual I and, at the same time, a permanent appeal to a state of civil war through which the °pantry meet pees, whatever way its faints course may be directed. Ws mimt own that the sight of all this Ws us wit=for the fate of France, with disgust for its and companion for its intellect. Nor can we have the least oostkitnoe in either the honesty, sagacity, or courage ?f any one portion of the ruling party, be it Immoralist, or Legitimist, or Orleanist, or on the sad com binatio n of all three which constitutes a tar greater party than any, viz., those of the time servers. Or the two black Christian States in the world, one, Hayti, is engaged in founding (for the second time, however), a monarchy ; the other , Liberia , is, it would seem from the letter of the governor of t hat Sable Republic, which we published on Saturday, anxious to extend its territories. The former might probably, the latter might certainly, be much better employed. The great experiment of self-government and national improvement by the negro nos is not likely to be mach advanced by constant changes in the form of government of Hayti ; and the scarcely leis important experiment of civilising Africa by the re turn of its native races from the United States will eer gn u e tai s l not be promoted by indulgence in territorial malt and by the consequent dispersion of %e American immigrants at Liberia. The Republic of Liberia founded by the Amorist* citaos IColonisation Society as a whence the gradual expolioa of the slaves the United States from that republic might confer benefit on their Memel country, Africa), has , in the course el twenty been extended from Caps Palms oa the South to Cape Mount on the North; it claims along this long line of coast an inland teni tl tory of not more than a mean depth of 40 miles; and the utmost amount of population it has ever pre tooled to possess does not exceed 80,000. But, in reality, the republic exists oily at a very few points on this line of comae and its subjects do not mewed a few thousands; all the males of whom are armed to I the teeth. Hitherto, the republic has been obliged to fight for its very existence • for as its policy is terri torially aggressive it has been almost incessantly en gaged in wars—and several of them very sanguinary wars—with the natives, who regard its extension with aversion, and resist, whenever they can, its authority. Unlike the Gold Coast, or even the ad joining Ivory Coast, the line of coast now di signated lon our maps as Liberia was never much plagued with the slave trade; and, except at New Cestos, the little that ever existed had almost disappeared before its invasion by the American Coloeisation Society. Unlike those coasts in another important particular, Liberia has never had any legitimate trade of the slightest consequence; nor has it the materials of any commerce of importance. Native population is scarce, and its natural resources are very small ; it is, consequently, deficient in articles of export, and there is not in the interior any country of great fertility, or any constituted state such as the Gold Coasthas at its back, in Atalanta) and Dahomy. The natural ele ments of commercial progress which Liberia possesses are, therefore, small when comp , red with most other portions of the western coast of Africa. The develop ment of such as it has is, too, retarded by the con tinual disputes and wars which exist between the colonists and the natives. The coasting trade of Europe is repelled from its roadsteads by a high rate of duties which it has imposed on importations, by the restrictive requirements which it places on vessels that do visit its seaside villages, and by the barbarous treatment which they have on more than one occasica received. And, in point of fa t, its foreign trade is almost entirely owing to the yearly visits which are paid it by ships chartered by the American Colonisa tion Society. The success of Liberia, viewed in reference either to civilisation or to commerce, has been very small indeed as yet ; it can indeed be hardly said to have become indigenous, or to be an established state; for it exists chiefly by means of money and supplies fur nished by the parent society in the United States; and it may be doubted whether it is likely to fulfil the design of that society, however meritorious and deserv ing of encour agement and suocese may be its object. The policy of its present rulers isnot to push its limits into the interior, but to extend its already lengthy line of coast; in its pursuit, they lately, as they allege, purchased New Cestoe, on the sout h; they are now, it appears, anxious to raise funds in this country to buy the mouths of the River Gallium on the north ; and for this latter purpose their friends here are circulating through the press the letter of I Governor ROBERTS, to which we have already re ferred. This, however, is a line of policy which ought not, we submit, to be encouraged either by our philan thropists or our merchants. For, without denying that the rulers of this republic may in its exercise be animated by a siucere de-ire to suppress the slave trade, it is perfectly obvious that they have no means st suppression wherewith to gratify their humane wishes; and that the utmost success of their policy cannot hare the smallest influence on that traffic. Whilst, on the other hand, its success is eminently calculated to increase African wars and to retard African commerce. For on either side the extension of Liberian territory has led to hostilities with the natives, and the tariff of the Liberian republic is certain to repress nascent legitimate trade wherever it is applied. Now if there be one portion of the world to which peace and free trade are more important than another, it is the continent of Africa, particularly its western coast. A constant state of warfare along that coast is fatal to its improvement; it wrists all intercourse with the interior, it begets halite of violence in the waterside tribes, renders all propeety insecure, and repels European trade. Whilst restrictions on com-1 merce, and duties on imports, in a country where all interchange of commodities is one of barter, is simply prohibitory of trade. By far the most flourishing part of the western coast is that under the influencer, rather than the rule, of the British forts on the Gold Coast. There (thanks to the admirable policy intro doped by the late President Keel rte) ware and tariffs are alike unknown; there commerca is =king strides far outstripping those of eves tbs Gambia or Sierra Leone. As, thee, Iraq extension of Liberia has the tendency to begot ware, and is certain to introduce high duties, it is of the greatest importance to Africa that no encourage ment should be given either by British capitalists or philanthropists, or by the British government. to the present attempt to extend the jurisdiction of Liberia over the mouths of the Gallinas—a river destined to become as great an emporium of lawful as it has ever been the seat of unlawful trade. Governor ROBERTS bar, in the long line of coast ever which he already claims power, an ample field for the exercise of both his diplomacy or his humanity, without subjecting ! the Gallinas to his authority. tust I Tin ruinous effect el the miss duty upon soap is felt not only in the home trade of the manufacturer of that article, but in his export trade, whether to British colonies or foreign nations. This is the more remarkable because the law allows a drawback of the excise duty upon all soap exported, expressly with the view toplace the English manufacturer= an equal foot ing with the foreigner. But, unfortuately,it is not the amount of duty alone which impedes the soap-maker in the fair field of competition. His efforts are re strained by other regulations of tte Excise, which prevent his meeting the foreign manufacturer with any prospect of success. In the first plane, although the Excise, by their penal enactments, may have forced soap of particular make and (twenty upon the English, it by no moans follows that that peculiar mike and quality is pre ferred by . other people. All British soap must be cut into bars not exceeding fifteen inches long. Foreigners have no especial veneration either for bars of soap or for our standard fifteen inches. Oa the contrary, in many countries soap in bars is en tirely unknown, and if you placed such a commodity before the inhabitant, he would not know what to make of it. So long u our excise law prohibits any other soap whatever to be made, we cannot hope to &Alin a market amongst people who dislike the bars of fifteen inches long. A3arr. : the regtvatiors of the Exl'irt preclude the manufseura of any scap which exceeds the legal FRANCE. PARIS. MONDAY, ii A.M. Several journals speak of a new presidential mes sage that is to appear on the 30th of this month. It is said that the document will contain a general amnesty. The President of the Republic, reviving the ques tion proposed by his cousin, Napoleon Jerome B ma parte (the Citizen Prince of the Mountain), will, it is said, also demand the express recall of the princes of the two Bourbon families. The Ritrie says : The duels which for the last two days have caused a certain degree of excitement in the public mind, were the subject of conversation among the representatives in the Salle des Conference yesterday. It was maid that the Procurear-General would demand authorisation to take proceedings in the subject of these meetings. It is officially announced this morning that the Morocco squabble is settled, and that every satisfac- ' tion has been given to the French flag. Letters from Turin of the 22nd announce that al ready a liberal electoral committee has been formed of MM. Buffs, Cadorna, Cassellmo, &c. A letter from Geneva states that M. James Fazy, of ultra-republican celebrity, has been elected Presi dent of tte Council of State of that city, and M. Moulinie Vice-President. Our usual Paris parcel, dated yesterday evening, and due this mining, did not arrive until imme diately before going to press• It contain nothing of sufficient importance to justify delay. ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—Letters from Rome of the 20th announce the arrival of General Barraguay d'Hilliers, and the reegastion of General Restalaa and M. de Condit++. The following is the parting address of General Rost°lau to the citizens of Rome : Inhabitants of Rome,—The French government has ac ceded to •te request which I mode for my recall, and I resign the command of the army to the general of division Bo somy d'Hilhers, who has been sent to replace me. In appearing before you as governor of Rome, I under took to save you from the violence and anarchy which then prevailed. I have the est'sfaction, in quitting this capital, to leave the authority of the Ssvertio Ponti ff re-established —order secured—person protected—and the laws respected. My object has been accomplished. Your love far the Sovereign Pontiff, your gratitude to the army, have made my task easy; I indulge the pleasing hope that you will .p-edily be recompensed, and that you are abaut to see the end of a state of painful anxiety. As for me—the time I have spent with you, the good in which I have sasisted, sad the marks of esteem which I have gathered, will be the most grateful recollection of a long career. My most ardent good wishes accompany my rammer in the accomplishment of the minion that it confided to him. I have no ether ambition but that of seeing them realised. (Signed) ROSTOLLN. limns, Nov. 20, 1849. TURKEY. Various rumours are in circulation in the German' papers rnpecting the position of the Turkish and Austrian-Russian question. One of these declares that new differences hare arisen sufficiently important to cause General Aupick, the French ambassador, to summon the French fleet to the Dardanelles. Another rumour declares that war is imminent. A third announces the prospect of an immediate peaceful set tlement of the question. The absurdity of the matter is rendered still greater by the fact that the whole of thane Tumours are dated 'ram C3nstantinoiile, on the 10% Novemb2r. at work in life Aliatr customs territory, and 2 beyond it. The ,000 6wt. of raw sugar embployed in the production cost, at 159., 8,100,0009. ; the duty amounted, at 716., to 3,650,000. The total of these sums deducted from the 16 millions will leave about 31 millions for the remuneration of native industry. of which about one million reached the pockets of the workmen. The average price of loaf sugar duty free vrai 18;f4.; therefore the consumers p. id 121f1. per oentner,or 5,600.0009. more than they would have paid had they brought foreign sugar free. Of these 6 millions the state got about 31 millions for the duty; the remaining 21 millions were the gains of the refiners. Therefore 6 millions are drawn from the people that one million may be bestowed upon labour. The new sugar tariff must not be confounded with the reform project going on ; but is now the law. It is reported that the KiEgs of Bavaria and War temberg will meet the Emperor at Linz. WEST INDIA MAIL. By Ylectrie Telegraph. The Teviot arrived at Southampton to-day, with dates from Jamaica to the 22nd October, and Tri nidad to the 23rd. She brings 419,451 dollars, 112,000 of which are on accout.t of the birxican dividend. THE lONIAN ISLANDS. The speech of the president, in answer to Sir G. Ward's address to the Deslative Assembly, was unanimously adopted. It ex/wanes the regret of the Assembly at the late events in Cephalonia, and ap proves the measures taken by hio excellency for the suppression of the revolt, rendering him thanks therefore; it asserts the persuasion of the Chamber that all the sentences pronounced had been fully jue tifled by "the gravity of the crimes," and goes on to say that the Assembly will consider thi' corrections necessarily made in the constitutional refos "ms adopted in May of the present year, in order to give' them the sanction of its approval. "In the mean dale it has the comforting assurance that her Majesty's ,govern ment entirely adheres to the desire and intention of giving more popular form to the lonian legislatu..e by abandoning the system of nominating to seats in the Assembly through the medium of the primary co,tn cii." The address then continues u follows : The liberty of election in its fullest extension, as one c f the fundamental bases of the new constitutional system, being established, the Assembly is steadfast in maintaing that the best guarantee for real liberty of election will be secret vote, and it trusts that her Majesty, deigning to consider the humble address of the Assembly upon this point, will be per suaded that such is the only mode of voting which suits the particular circumstances of these islands. The Assembly has ever given the importance which your excellency lateens eto the reforms now in force to the con trol of the chamber of the ordinary and extraordinary ex penditure. It constitutes the true basis of public economy, and it was therefore that in the beginning of its application differences arms between the Assembly and the Senate— differences which the Assembly is happy to see ter , =Mated in the sans. it entertained—that is, in the sense which secures for ever the importance and cal effects of 11110 M. Your excellency's proposition to abolish the transit duties in Corfu seems well calculated to augment the transit trade at a small, if, indeed, any, loses, to the revenue. The As sembly is ever disposed to give its consent to all that may facilitate and tend to the commercial prosperity of these states, and is so convinced of the propriety of the said pro position, that it is disposed to extend the same to all the islands, in order that the Individual commerce of each may obtain a corresponding advantage. The Assembly, in clueing this respectful address, fails not to express sentiments of the most profound gratitude to her Majesty, the sovereign protectress, for the gracious ex passion of ber royal intentions, communicated through your excellency. That this people have received the reforms with gratitude ; that its legal representative a concur in them in good faith ; that they will be productive of benefit to the lonian people, and strengthen the bonds between the protecting govern- ment and protected people, the Assembly does not doubt. And it is but en act of justi to which your excellency ren den to the lonian people, when you frankly state that, as regard'. the legislature of the states and the great majority of the lonian people you have h.d no reason to doubt their concurrence in the principles which your excellency has enunciated The address concludes with an assurance that all the acts of the lord nigh commissioner will be dic tated by impartiality and junta*. Sir G. Ward re plied by thanking the Assembly, and repeating the aasurance of his "cordial co-operation in the work that remains. to be done." DWELLINGS OF THE POOR. TO THE EDITOR OP THE DAILY NEWS. Sia,—Will you allow me a small apace in your paper to correct an error (I am sure unintentional) in your leading columns of the 17th instant, relative to "La Societe I des Cites Orwrieres," in Paris. At a time when friendly competition from all nations is about to be invited from the highest quarters here, I think it will only appear fair to claim what belongs to ourselves. In the year 1843 and 1844 I forwarded to some influential gentlemen in Paris the prospectus and plans iest.ed by this association iu the year 1843, copies of which you h are herewith, and a perusal of them will chow you the great similarity to those now being carried out in Paris, both as to the organisation of the company and even as respects the buildings themselves. In the year 1846 Monsieur Dnepr-lime, in his " Projet d'Asseciation financiers pour PAmelioration des Habitations et PAssainissement des guarders hahites par la claws wavelets a Bruxelles, accompagne de Plaes et de Theis," furnishes a verbatim extract from our Prospectus, shewing the organisation of this association, and setting out its objects. M. Duepetiaux accompanies his work by copied lithographs of toe plans herewith, and further prints our then estimated probable cost, and the returns to be expected from the execution of our plane. About the time that " La Societe des Cils Ouvrieres " was first proposed in Paris I again forwarded the papers and plans issued by this auseiation to parties there, who had applied for them, stating that they were required for the purpose of showing what had been done here. The prospectus and plans of this association have been forwarded to New York, Cincinnati, Baton, and very many other places, and, I believe, improved dwellings for the working classes are now in the course of construction, if not completed, at the one first mentioned. Atter the length of time which this association has been established and the publicity given to it by advertisements and circulation of its papers and plans, it Is surprising that it should be so little known, and that it appears to be a very general idea still abroad that the only lodging-hewn which have been erected for the industrious classes should be con sidered only as " models " erected with ;uads raised from the " donations of the charitable." If you would use your Influence to correct this impression, you would be rendering a great service. While the houses in Paris are only in course of erection, this association has paid a dividend to their shareholders out of the proceeds of their dwellings for 110 families in the Old Pancraseroad, and on Wednesday, the 12th proximo, a house, containing accommodation for 234 single men, in Albert-street, Spicer.street, Spitalfielde, will be opened at a public meeting, at which the Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle will take the chair. In M .rch next houses for sixty families on the land adjoining will be ready for occupation. The constitution and direction of this association appears in your advertising columns.—l am, &e. CHARLES OATLIFF. Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwdlings of the Industrious Classes, 19, Coleman-street, Nov. 26. A SINGUL&R COTTON SPECULATION.—In the course of the last ten days a speculation has been closed which is almost without parallel in the obstinacy and fatuity which it exhibits. A lot of cotton has been sold in our market, which was originally purchased during the sp, cula tree mania of 182.5, an,l which has, consequently, been held for twenty-four years, the owner refusing to sell for less than it originally cost. The results are as follow: The price in 1825 was, we believe, is 9d. per lb. ; the cost, with In terest, warehousing, &o , lOs 6d. ! The price realised was 78d. The article, when gold, wee of excellent quality, and in good condition. We believe that the neighbourhood of Manchester furnished the sensible speculator. —Liverpool Standard. _ _ --____. _. INCENDIARISM IN DERBTSHIRE.—During the last fortnight there have been some half-dos• n incendiary fires in the neighbourhood of Putbnry and Hatton. Haystacks, sheds, and other outbuildings bays been set on fire, and in some cases considerable damage has been done. ACCIDENT ON THE LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAlLWAT.—Yesterday morning a collision took place be tween a goods down train of the Lancashire and Yorkshire, and a up passenger train of the East Lancashire Company, at Walton Junction, near Liverpool. Sewn"' carriages were smashed, and three or four parties severely hurt. Among them is John Tosses, Erg., a county magistrate. ANCIENT COINS.—An important discovery of an cient coins has lately been made near the village ot tishnw weil.r, in the district of St. Wetdel. A peasant found en earthen jar filled with 82 silver coins, in excellent preserva tion, and to the weight of 2ilb.; 28 of these coins are of the size of the old Brabant dollar. There are among them 19 Saxish and Thuringian coins ; of from 1674 to 1608; 3 Brunswick-WoUenbiiitel coinz, of from 1594 to 1616; 2 struck by the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and Count of the Tyrol, without date_ ; 2 of Rudolph 11., of the years 1603 and 1606 : lof the Ecaprmr Maximilia, of the year 1668; and 1 of Albert and Rl‘xabeth, " Archidue. Austria, Dae. Bargund et Brabant." 51 coins are ot the rtien of Ptylip 11., King of Spain oxt4 of the Netherlan6h —Kaiser Zet4ung EDe Court. OSBORNE, Not. 24 The Queen and Prince walked early this roc et ,4 in Osborne-park and 'mounds. The younger members of the royal family map u d rode as usual. There was no addition yesterday .3: royal dinner party. THE QUEEN DOWAGER " The Priory, Nev. 28, jaw "The Queen Dowager passed an uneondesi s hu sight, without much sleep, and her Majesty i s a , better this morning. " Davin Davila, it D . ? , Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent pill visit to her Majesty the Queen Dowager, at the Pri sm ,: terday morning. A committee of the Lorda of her Majeatr imo Honourable Privy Council had a meeting yesterday it e k s office of the Boari of Trade. The Lords present is m tki Right Hon. Henry Lahouchere, President of th e er Trade; Ra il Grey, Secretary of State for the Colosin; g et Granville, Vice-President of the Board of Trade ; L., Campbell, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaetat ; sad g t Edema Ryan. Lord Ashley had an interview with Lo r a j ail Russell, yesterday, at his official residence in Doi k e t street.' The Hon. John Elliot had an interview with sir George Grey, yesterday, at the Home-office. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town, 7 si g e d i from hie seat, Broadlande, Hants. The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived is to yesterday evening from his teat, Mickleton Hlll, am Doi. cuter. Sir John Hobhousc hu arrived in town. The Earl of Carlisle arrived in town last n o * from Castle Howard, Yorkshire. Dispatches were received yesterday at the nial-cffice from the Governors of Ceylon, Booth km* the Mauritius, and the Cap. of Good Hope. Despatches were sent off kat evening from Um% lonial-office for the Governors of the Falkland lesae i ad Gibraltar. . _ ir.e Earl and Countess Grey received at Em it at their residence in Were.e square, on Sitiods s Right lion. Sir George and Ledy Grey, Mr. Mould s ; I T and Km W. Russell, Mr. Cox, and Mr. Higgi ns . ' FREEHOLD LAND MOVEMENT. to hear from the oreseleet sae— o til ß e Eos x vid° r e L o : crowded ManipdyOel d n hed E V y I d d ue ht i O d ° i te : c u s . T ndosofi3OpmrsH:csnitshs Yesterday ste G ueeit:ea.nneliderL uownifektnioLdottrnkhzi influential carryingo dvniSpTmeal Tavern , by ou enE MEETING d i t rom n i mr a gT . rbp o M i o tamrhAl iA g : e n e tem :" .. d ;n o o u E sb a fA i n ß nu w T t 3tL tN d a s 4 : 4;T :ft: h eTe l d Ito( J Association an exposition of their principles , an I. to eh mmedias , speraton. The body of the room, the platform, lad se i u to galleries and orean-left, were densely thronged vele m me, sting rendered it impossible for us to obtsia say lit n edb the chair- The CLNAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, tee have bun ledby my bee rvetion, mend' within tie este; e yeare, looki no to the position of public affairs, and etpe7Qf to the profeseions of public men, to feel it my duty al mil. dividual member of this great commonwealth, te avail ay. self of every opportunity that legitimately offers far giver ex p ress i on t o my full sympathy with, as e s e as my support to, those earnest men,—ke number, but great in the might of plieei yie. who are striving gallantly in parliament and out of lei the eights of the m ople. (Cheers) It is in this min; setting aside mere personal considerations, which weaken led me te shrink from occupying the position in wen I stand to-night, that I have given a not very henseirg so ceptance to the invitation I have received to prattle oe tY present eccasior. (Hear, hear.) And the p came shell feel in ttleng part in the proceedings of this evening is sI the greater, inasmuch ao we do not meet to dist= lay die pasted question. We do not meet to discuss the points ofths charter, or to inquire what ouirht to be the latent of do suffrage. No, we wish to commend your attention for scheme by which, within the pale of the emetiteem, and strictly within the limits of the law, yea my give practical effect to your oft repeated denueinen of misgovernment (Cheese.) le the presence of gentkese so well qualified to explain to you the pr.nciples et de me ciation, and to commend you? attention to their unreel will merely add, that, in my opinion, it embraces du sine taps of a moral, quite as much as of a peeked setwe (Hear, hear.) And while I confess the great importuad inviting working men to accumulate their 11161111 nth purpose of getting their rights, it appears to me teat nes inviting them to the exercise of economy, industry, mine denial, with a view to accomplishing this object, we men tering in them indirectly, but most assuredly, nuptial. plea of independence and self-respect which ire ineepsonbe to their wellbeing, and thereby helping teem to raise themselves in the scale of society. (Laud chew. ing.) In making these remarks, in Firing my remote for attending here this evening, and in giving ay wpm to this great movement, I beg to say that I beetle to whit is celled the middle elms, s pretty extensive me, yea all confess, in this country ; that I am pretty exteneively sat constantly engaged in businese. and therefore not mach die posed to mix myself up in any sort of political gustier. but moved, I contest, ou the contrary, with great swam Hone connected with the future, against joining male movements. I, as an individual, bave perhaps ao pies right to complain. I believe in the existence of gttstnluei in the government, and the expenditure of that german I can designate in no other terms than as protligete sal extravagant. (Loud cheers.) But still I might content, as a matter of private selegrateme% to grumble and pay. (Laughter.) Bouvet, not wee ing to monopolise such satisfaction, but protegee; to fel sympathy with my fellow men, I confess that I refine society, as at present coestituted, two elements (nip en very great danger. I find among one class of my feller citimen intense suffering. accompanied ey a deep eme of wrong. (Hear, hear.) Oa the other hand I fled s path smaller class, imbued with an intense setth cm* with a disposition to stand to the utmost bywtstmiel sea ceive to be their rights. (Hear, hear.) Now, it is some ingly easy to talk of putting the people down—we tow heard a great deal of such language. My belief is, dates best way to put the people down is to render them fell sat impartial justice. (Hear, hear.) I find the theory of at constitution to be, that representation should be efe extensive with tuition. (Hear, beer.) Now, to lay mite the very reverse is the fact in this country. (Bear, bee I find taxation not calculated in proportion to property, but the revene ; while the franchise is graduated strictly in pre portion to property. Mr. COBDEN advanced to move tee first real and was received with the most enthusiastic cheering. said: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, if I understand dis nature of this meeting, it is one assembled solely keener% purposes. Hear, hear.) We ere the memb.ll and trine of the Metropolitan and National Freehold Land Smut and we meet Lees to promote the objects deltas society. is an urin l2 ation framed for the purpose of enabling de viduals, by means of small monthly contributions, to create a fund by which they may be enabled in the bat and cheapest way to possess themselves et the zeal franchise. (Hear, hear.) You will see then that to . society has a double object is view ; it is a deposit for :: logs, t mee and d re i tO. ii da a y m as es a ns p o u f to,bouiribnrianngcah,Tootet theNrrosileeed Society, which was formed a few days ego, and allele' Birmingham Freelielders Union. That is a society tones of to it, for genttemfra the purpose mall par of s of enabling e iheco ng a cetam ntrywho i c tr : subscribe permanently funned in Birmingham, to stimulate stele out the country, and by means of a publication, meets Freeholder, to be published on the first of next m et e,* objects of the freehold land movements. We do not , '" part of an agitating booty like that, but st and strongly to promote the objects of the Metropolem National Freehold Lend Society. The object of teat ciety is to purchase large estates—large, compeller speaking, and to divide them amongst the members of ef association at cost price. (Hear, hear.) In that es ime° consists the main force and main value of this see: elect The principle, you will see in a moment, is calculated to d great advautsges to those who wish to join &sweeter this kind. I know that some gentlemen who hoop e l their attention to building societies will say. this is not a building society . Why, the be' ing societies, as they are called, are none a ttok strictly speaking, building societies. They mel dt properly called mutual benefit security societies; Vise Freehold Land As ociation is enrolled under ti's Bede! Society Act, and certified by Mr. Tidal Pratt the WO barrister, and the object is that members of the seseeistel shall have all the benefits the act of parliarientm u f: them, and all the security it confers, and we Frees e :le them some other advantages as well. It hes been those who look closely into the rules of this aesocietieef have no power under the Building Act to Per t estates and divide them." That is pereectly have no such powers, but we propose to do it throw I: , directors, who will, at the risk of tee 'parties who W e , estates,undertake to purchase land, and to give themes'', of this association the refusal of that land. So thefe >e ee o% ject is to give you all the benefits of the Buildieg ere eteee Act, and also the refusal of portions of the estates OW. 4s been bought at the risk of othen. You will hen the "t o of the land at cost price, and it will be retailed stele ee e rate as that at which it was purchased es (Hear, (Hear, hear.) I need not tell you that a great des e e se • SUM= of all associationsol thee kind depends first of 0 ( correct calculations being made in framing the efeiSlt next and perhaps most of all it depends on the ch _er; stability of those who have the responsible eases7eet (Hear, hear.) Now with regard to the calculationst e er this society is founded, T. should be very soul n e; g sr opportunity to OW thout coming to a pertenel. " e we d w e h n a ta t n l din ino g w pose ith all to undertake te do with regard to the sibssreee It has been ate tad that we undertake to finds e e e ;; quelitheie on foe a count) at a certain sum, 'ALIO a member of the board of who are concerned in the assoser e o believe that lrs the first prospectus that sum seeler e ee t es when I hued of it I stipulated that it should be eon east whlle I romsin tog twelve moot) en fiefortlpspi,fl;oheenreo y!aarytiy.gto.aynilaftihpnualattoion,,loit tAheakkaaciitir,me LPP psl~e far 00 At sbi til