The Express. — London, England, 1849-07-07 00:00:00

f 1e.420,0001. (Cheers and laughter) I beg pardon—the Mal sari pm 'Rennin of the empty , . is the three years w 102,0001, e bile the total aggregate vinous% of the ezperta was 13,000,0.101. The yearly e impatiens ls, ea the averuire. 4,420,0.101. of brass sad amps , goods exported. sad 34 0001. imported. (Hear, hear.) Well, sow, whet do foreigners think of us when we are denouncing thus. unfortneee s— (lieghter)—who with not half our skill, half oar capital, hall our niams4cturne inv.atiome, are Nadine as In the Name of a year 34,0001. worth of goods—what will they Sick, I male ed oar desermateart theta as iatellopere and is- Weems with their inolus.ry—(leaghter)—erlieu they hear that we hove at the same time ao scruple ia wading oat to them 4.420,0001. growth et goads, thereby rarefying thole in dustry and ismer!. rbur with their eimaretie manuface tares ? (Much laughter.) What • arospieg, *meeting people must Orr think le! (Renewed taught r) Now will you tell me how it is possible that the tariffs, the free Import of raw materiels, end such an impel' of se inufatmared goods as %no which I have dean tete—will you tell me tow Ois p eeble that th n.anutactunne distress of this country can ;oily b.• attributed to chine a mole in tee tariff either in the yews 1842, 1645, or 1846 ? (Hear, hear.) That, a,, is my sneer? to that part of toe 'pet cb of the bon. gestiman which attributes the teistorteee of thiseountry to eg g eheing a•teispcd to emend by freeimports with hostile swigs. (Omen.) I come now to the sec tad ground upon which the hon. geieleman his impeach. d oar commercial policy. The hon gentle man—l am sow *peaking of the 11. M. member fur Bueeingh melt re (Mr. Dereeh)—(laughu r) — I will, with the hue Routh mia's mrsaivion. confine =yeah exclusively to his argument, without being diverted from it by the argument rut ail other hon , genie man. I will take kis see md argument, and will quree reedy the tam. sloes in which it was put. The hon. gentleman aid: I think that the averse* elfin .1 value of the exports in the yean 1845 and 1846 was 133,000,0001 ; that the •eersete of the declared Talus in those two years was 69 500,0001.; the., in 1848, the oR 4al vale*, which signal-a quantize,. did nut tall short of the official value in 1815 art 1940, bat that the declared value in 1843 tell off to the t :tout 0(6,600,0001.. amounting only to 63,000,0001, from which the hon gentleman draws this in. terve., that the working closes received in 1848,6,600.0001 less than they had rice., d b. fere. Then he instituted a compariom between tom menthe of the year 1849 and four months of the year 1848. The honourable gen tleman said, "Then is a depreciation of cotton weeds exported, comparing 1849 with 1848, to the amount of 646,0001.; thereto,' the workout has been oblioed to receive for his lab ear 648,0001. lees than be did last year." Now I totally deny the Currie new of the inference taus drawn. (Hear.) I deny that, biome there was a falafel; off in the de bard value of the exports in 1848, as compared with the average of 1815 ad 1816, to toe amount of ' 6,500,0001—1 totally de.iy that therefore the working classes roaeiv.d in 1848, 6,500,0001. lass for their labour. ("Hear, hear." and eh eis.) It would be eselanchay indeed, if that wire the ewe. Hy cousol •tion it, that no thing of the kiwi is the feet. (Hear, hear ) Now Hot let ate observe that letting can be more (slime as than any infe rence drawn from the felling off in the declared value of our zpanufaetures. Let ate remark that all the arguments based' on the official value are, from the wry in which the ICOUrite are prepare! (the hon. wentleciaa kuows this as well as any one), es voliegly fdtsc.ous. (Hear, bone.) Take the cotton value. The (tacit value is, in that eds . , an age/regd., of quantity. It hes nu reference to quality ; yet the quality of the pools ezp. , rted will make the utmost differ enee in n sent of tee real value. If you argue that because the declared value of the manufactures of this country at a given time has fallen short of the tied .red value at another time, there has keen a tailing of in the Rental value, I will prove to you this this country ought to hove been 'oho doer completely and utterly ruined. ('• Hear, hear," and laughter.) It would be a sees; remarkable consequence if, when you redeem tom price, of food, when you introduc- m.ebi ery end friars the mice of raw material, sot of cotton only, but of all thaw- hrtieia• which eater into seanufarturv—it would he a w et wonderful thing if there were not a falling off in the deleted value. (' hear, hear," and laughter.) Tee hon. gentlemm was not is poliameat at en early pedal of te• e. n'ro,ersy which trots open this Feet. (I. -tighter.) Tee hen. g edemas said, at the coo elusion of his very ab a epeech,qauti. g, if I neallect rightly, from Cicero, ";lane quid.= sieve content =mho @brims morftur." Now, I went to show you that tole is an old die esee. (On at laugher.) I want to pro.* to you Oita it r • diem* which has at tamer periods afflicted this colliery, and that, too, under a more itegftvated heat than it dues at present. (Coro inued Laughter.) The d etrine which in fested the Wei Alderman Waitlimen, and which he eanied with bill to hie grave, was that, there having been a vast diminution IN the drier. d vine of articles of export, the country was rapidly consuming its 'smth i and ap proaching /vine tun. (8 outs of laughter.) This was the argument of Al enema Waltham. lie said, "The goy, rnmeet forgot 'bat every breach of our trade was the child of protection; the country was stru.glit g with difficultiv ; there were three sillies* of quarters o: cons and two millings in the eilk manufacture iropor.ed into this eeuntry, and if we were veered that the money for all this would come be k Main, kw could 1.11 the house that to such thing would be the rite for, whatevt r we might im port, our exports would ne be found to i .eareeee in tense - queneee' "In tho e or. • of the lasel2y. ay- there had,"he said. been a lose of 120,000,0001. is: the export trade." (Laughter.) He proved it by MOILS of a paper which I hold in my hand, and which shows how gievoes the disorder was at that time. ( L inahter.) He to •k the :ports. Now, oh verve, thi. was in the tem of protection, before the house in terfered with any of the e:.rr sot British Inameactures-oho took the eaporia from 1811 to 1828, and compared the official, or de limed value, with the real value. He divided the t are t. between two periods— the firm extendi g fr m I'll to 18e0, and the second hem 18/0 to 1828 In he thee peeked the exam of official, or dilute), ova r real vale . was, he ralculated,4l,s2o,oool ; is the second poitel the ex e •of official, or declartd, over real wt., was ti. 3.210,0001 ; and he drew this conclusion, that the total eta tent f deprecietis in the value of the articles 04.121.70 0 , 0001 Le said the deer. elation of value i was 28,000,0001.. n 40,1100 0001., or GO pi r edit ; the country was there( tee. la his up:iiion, b. leg ruined. (L tughter.) It was any ing on a sent disadvantagestis trade—a few yews only entold 'legs • stare it would be overwhelmed in bankruptcy and raja. (Great laughter.) That was Ai dorms* Weidman 's argument. Now, aloes not this suggest • doubt shadier the has. gentleman's (Mr. Disraeli's) ar.ru. mem be tight? (Latiehter.) I admit that the two periods win many via eta very different. (Hear, hoer.) list, still, what have we b es labouring to d.. ? To redoes the pekoe, sot of comas merely. bat of palm oil and of every gibni which enters Otto manufactures. What fa the natural melt ? To dials' • tie- eet et prodsetioa. Bat it dare not at all follow that the amount of wages is reduced; it dose. nut f. -llow that brass* the dierlarri value is at one peri hes this at another you tote to the crest of 646,0001. (" Hear, bear," and cheers.) I say it lea totally erronetir esseissios, that a loss to that amount has been eastaised. D smell was here understood to male some obeervatica is • subdued tome] I wish to take the words of the ham. geneentatt kinewel :—" There is • depr elation of cotton goods esporteel t compeer" 1819 with 1819, of 616,0001. Therein,. the English workman has been obliged to receive fortis labour 646,0001. hes than he did before." (Hear.) That le what I sarletwoott the ban. gentleman to say ; and what I my in reply is, that the intireoce is totally aro aeons, that becauee mere has been • diminution in the de clared value, • 100 has fallen upon the labourer. (Hear, hear.) lan h.edly believe that the labourer has been • sufferer. I will give yen another proof if the fallacy of the conedmi ets drawn inns dimiestio• of the declared vales of your manufactures. Is Or year 1815, the quontity of yards of wove canon golds annufactured fa and exported from this country, was 252,000,000. Of teem the declared value, as it appears in the aceounm, was 18,158,0001. In the year 1845, you exported, of the same goods, 1,091,000,000 of yards. The declared value was in the two wet eased/ the same—that is to say, 100 yards of calico being Week eighteen shi lines is 1815, in 1845, 400 yards were worth exactly the same. (Hear.) Cu you mound on that mount that the labeurer who pre dated this ad.liiiria` quantity bad his wires reduced or his eciatforts diminehed ? Atrer all, the moat important part of W. queen a i. the condition of the labourer. (Hear.) Well, now,l will take weenie which I have received cm this point from terse different parts of this country. I will take towns which 1 think fairly represent the manure:luring in tercets. I will first take Chippenham then Nottingham, se representing the antral part of Englind ; and then Dun dor, as representing &whiled. This is the account from Chippenham, dated Juno 30," la the six months ending this day we have paid to the as number of people 25 per cent. more I. wages than in the coeval:mediae period of 1847, and fully 20 per cent. mere than in 1848, and I believe the people in this place generally are hene r fad, better clothed, ant in every way more com enable than they have been for yearn The general trade of the t wn is in a very flourishing s ate. The poor rates are ab int three fartbiaas in the pound. • • • The West of E..gland - cloth trade Os unquestionably better than it has been for Jean. I have reason to know Mi, in the town of Trow bridge, more prods have been made and sold within the last six or nine month-, and a larger amonet of wages paid, than were ever before known ; and this I believe is the ease in the whelp of the west of Rngland." (Hear, hear.) In the west of Engl .ntl, and in other el *thing districts, there is oaf eon:plaint. What d o yon suppose that complaint is ? That they do not get a sufficient quantity of foreign wool. (Hear, I hear.) We reduced the duty on tertian woe!. It was said that that reduction of duty would interfere with the dom s tic proluee ; that it would depreciate the volee of the wool 'town at home. There is now no such complaint The want is more wool, more foreign wool ; the more foreign wool, the more domestic employment. (Hear, hear.) The letter from Nottingham st.tes: "In the hosiery trade of Leice.t. r and of Nottingham an advance of wages has alreey tares plume; a mound advance is demanded by the workmen; one- oerth of the workmen in Nottingham have now struck for this second &dune.; and in my experience," the writer observe, " I found workmen striking for an advance of wages, hut in times when they are in tolerable eimusletaaces and in full work The letter from Doodle says, "At ~o period fee sewr..l year. past have the workmen in tots district been no fully and profiedey employed as now ; we have every roma to molder trade ;Weep NAB here, and every hope that it will continue to prosper and to imprave for some time to some (Hear. hire There is a very great demand fur labour In the mile, sad provisions and all edit, neater. ries see excerdualy cheep—petal ees and butcher's meet excepted, the Lem..? of which are always scarce and dear at this time of the year, and the latter of which is at no time made much use of by our labouring pepu ham. The concitiol of the working classes in our mean factuting di•tr.e.s err:orally I consider at this tire to be most satisfactory." The boo. gentleman kr es more theft one occasion prop-414,1a th e doctrine—and supported it, I se e d mot add, wi.h peat abCity—thet you cannot field boa tile tariff with free import' That I i ave not before fairly dale with this every, in reply tothe hon. etc ntlerean, hunt arisen from Pay disrespect on my port t 'wards the hon. gentleman, but simply because on the particular oeet.iort when he wee prepared to tto it, t ere was not time to diuuss it id. civatrly. (Hear, hear.) I tow 40024 to the b u &alternate 6 argument spin the poor law. I draw ..pp site conclusions fro u everyone of the as. sampans whi sh the hon. gen 1 mon has put fervor( sin this rant—from thou which the hon. eentleman has drawn. and I think 1 can eseahlida that my conelmi ins are the accurate twang as. (H. am hear.) 'the hon. path man says, see how the poor rate s have increased; see bow the rate per head of maintaining the pauper hes iirxemied ; wit how the munber of able bodied labourers receiving relief has in. ereemed in 1848, as compared with 1846; and having Mese facts baton you, an 4011 4104 k the inference mat they amount to • asaidemnation of the late established system ? Let me now examine this argument et bus bon. gentleman, derived from .he poor The bon. gen tlemen--end I am not et all surprised at it—referred to the return which is in the report of the enasmiasioners for t h e administreuon of the poor law, page 64, giving the entount of poor rat • and the cost of manage ing thin pun: in 7 years when the pricy of wheat was lowest, end the 0046 of main. tainiog the poor in 7 years when the price of wheat was Mahn?, and the hoo. gentleman drew from this return the reference : you see that a low price of wheat will be no guarantee to you that there will be • low amount of poor Ma I do not at all blame the hon. gentle man so far, for the use lie made of this return, but I must say of the return emelt that, to my nothing more of it, it is the most foolish return I ever read. (Hear, bear.) When the bon. gentleman was read but from it, I thought, or course. that it was seven consecu tive years sit highest price, and then seven consecutive years of lowest price, which the noun eanibiten, and I was natu rally struck to hear that during *emu, as I imagined. canon cativo years (lowest prices, the cost of maintai. ing the poor h..d been higher than in the seven consecutive, as I ima gined, year. of highest prices. ( Hear, hear.) The boa. gentleman, lades ~ very (ably stated in the course of his argument, that he had not dew Mod the return as referring ceneecu• in year., but when I onto to look at the return is I found he ha., scarce done justice to the commissioners who made the return. Tins is the ender in which they have taken the seven years of low prices : 1839, 1840, 1441. 1848, 1842, 1847. 1838, tee last year la. one Ming 1847, and the last year 1838. (" Hear, hen.," and laughter.) If we de sire to arrive at any accurate result, we must examine these return, in a different point of view ; me must look at conse cutive years of low prices, awl at oanecutive periods of high pima. Let us take the very period tr. ne which thew poor law• commissioners ma d e up this—l wi.l not say what I think of it—return. (Laughter.) Let us lake their returns of certain years consecutively, from 1834 to 1848, and see whether they justify the conclusion that when we have • high price of wheat, we have a low cost of neMn ething the poor. (Hem, hear.) We will begin with 1834 ; in 1831, 1834, 1836, 1837, the events@ price of wheat was 47.. per quarter ; you had then • eve' . of good years, and at the en t o these good years you hid comparative else and pooperhy. Iu le3l the aver nee price of wheat was 54e. Ild.; in 1835, 44s 2.1.; in 1836, 39e. 3.1. ; in 1837, 625. 3d. the average b ing 47.. In 1834, .h.• cr.,' sum ex,anded in the inaiatenance of the poor was 6.317 0004 ; then came a con tinuance of low prices for four years, and this reduced the a.gregate of the 6401 pod for the mar:sensate of tt e poor trots 6,317,0001. to 4,410,0001., tie rate p r heed being re duced in like manner Isom Si. 91. to 51.6.1. (Hear, hear.) Y.. 0 Inuit not, let me observe, place to the credit of low prices the whole of this reduction, tor, at the time, there ware progressing Cleat reforms in the administration of the poor law, in the no elvesTroducing much eenieniny—l he art—which, however, the gentlemen making the return had apparently not taken in',. their calculation. (Hear, hear.) Now, see what took place under a high eyelet ul ?ears. In 1838 no material change had taken plus the total sum (or the maintenance of the poor was 4,123,0001., end the rate per heed 6.. 314. ur years of high prices followed ; in 1839, 1840, 1841, and 1842, the average pric of wheat rune from 475. to 66s 9d. • sad the poor rate, which had been broucht down to 4,444,0001., rose to 6,208,0001. ; the rare per head, which is 1838 hid been 6.. 6d., rose in 1843 to 6.. Sld. (Hoar, hear.) Then nom, a cycle of good years : In 18411-5 6 the prices were 61.. W., 495. 2.1., 63.. 34. the average prig: being 60s. 94. W. find a corresponding effect on the • g.trtgate expense of maintaining the poor. The 'pitmen amount, which in 1843 was 6.388,0001., fell, in 1846, to 4,540.0001, the rate per head being reduce din like manner 'rum 6.. 41 in 1841, to 6,. 104. in 1346. (Hear, hear ) The year 1848 presented a different pr.purion : there was • great increase in the number of able hotbed poor in the workhouses, • vat Marcus in the aggro gate of the poor rate, • great increase in the rate tor he ad what it ference de you draw from this, from the comparison of 1848 w.th 1.346? What but this, that is 1847 the price oh wheat was high, the prices henna been 675., 72s 75. , 89.., and, I the Lialwit price, 92'. (Hear.) In 1848 we had gnat distress ; we bad a great increase in the number of our able- bided paupers; the workhouses were crowded ; the poor rate was or a•ly increased. What lesaticuate iht.renee ea you draw from this but that dearness of ;revisions is a great misfortune. (Hear, he .r.) Yea cannot argue from 1818 untos y u draw this conclusion. I say, then, that the hon. gentleman's argument from the increase eat toe poor rats is nut conclusive. I draw from it the exactly opposite conclu sion, that if 1.,w prices (*West , df r any moon of years, capable of afro:dinar a test, the Increased demand for laboe.r iu all the manta eturing di•tricts would raise and not &ewer wages, and improve the mndition of the people —(hear, hear)—and I say that the position of the honorable gen'leman that our poor rotes will in• crew as the price of provissins fall, is an argument that tea upon no solid (outdo ion. (Hear.) I come now to con sider the merits of the principle which be desires to substi tute; and I believe that we are here doom:sing by far the most important question which can be sulawtte4 to the roost !nation of parliament—the principle, namely, which shall govern our economic and o.mmercal legislation. (Hear, hear.) Government may make blunders in details, ' which may be ounected, but an error in the pent:ides which ate to direct our commercial legislation is a fatal err..r which can be hardly otherwise than perostaat d. (Lou 1 cheers, more • penally from the protectionist beaches.) Yee. I -ay this is • most vital question. It is • ques ion which affects our comfort and our Naha progren—meaning by scent pro. Rem a peo g o,,a in as.,risli;g, in the enjoyments of life, in Irl. Anent. at ed taste, in civilisation. All these thing. should be. at the very least, equally the objects of our cuueideration with the icerease of the re . (Hear, lieu.) Proposals have be -n made, dentine' have been propounded, b/ gen tlemen of great ability, and supported by • fomented pony. whom, whatever the causes of my steessi iroin them, I shall never 44464 to regard with sentiments of respect, as men of high talent, of high ho lour, as men actuated by no interested motives, but solely by • desire to promote the eel fare of the people. (Hear, hear.) Plans 1144 e, I any. been propounded by the chief* of this party, sad supported with groat cal and ah: thy, which are to be practicer/ carried into mouution, should the success of an motion rend r in supporters the successors of the teoble lord opposite. I believe that the laws which regulate the comelier dal int. neural between nations precisely the lame fa principle as these which g ivern the intercourse of badiehluals. The same law wh.ce governs the planetary movements occasions the fall of an apple; and in like manner the intercourse of private indtviottals is regulated upon the 'devotee' princip:es which govern the trattaactioas of nation', end we ally mystify and darken the subject by nut always looking upon it in this point or view. Adam Smith allit erates this great truths of political economy by somparison with the transactions bat ween private bmilvidusb. He says a tailor does nut make his own shoes, hat be hap th•m of • man 6111.6 can make them cheaper than he amid. So the shoemaker does not make his own clothes. Take two individuals, a tailor and esh.:etaisker, residiog in tbe same town ; and yippee. :hat the shoemaker buys from eke tailor 101. worth of his good,. Suppose these 10s. to Apra seat so may boors of labour at is. an hour. The tailor can make 10r. worth of clothes in so many hours, and the shoe maker can also do the same thing. But suppose that each of these can procure from a neighbouring town the same quantity of clothe• and shoes fur seven shillings as they paid each other ten shillings for. The argument urges that they buy from each other for the protection of their own industry ; and that for this nation the tailor and the shoemaker give 10s. for what they could get in the mot town (or 71. Now, is nit that a manifest loss of 6.. to them? Would it not be to their interest to bay from the stranger than front each other ; and would they heat tie for a moment to do so ? Suppose even it is urged that house rent is dearer he their town than in the neighbouring town, will it for a moment be argued that that is any tenon why they should pay a higher price for their provisions than they could get them fur in that other town? II they did pay 10.. fir what they wanted maned of 7s. there would be • matt eat loss of 32. twice ever and e ach party would thus sacrifice three holm' labour to the cause of what is termed protection, but which I contend is not protection but loss. But if you say that by this mode of dealing with other towns all the currency of the town so dealing would be ales shaded from it, I ask do you belies this a ssirtion ? D. you not think that etch place will always be able to comma-id the precise amount of currency which in commercial and industrial necessities require ? You laugh at the doctrine of buying ii the cheapest and sellieg in the dearest market. The noble lord tells you that this ia the doctrine of the Manchester school of pal tlal ecor,ornists—that it is the doctrine of speculative political Oaks:Titers. et Hear," and a laugh.) You may raise laugh at the expression, hut I tell you that this is certainly the doctrine taught by Adam Smith, by Hume, by Say, and others of that distinguished school of econo mists. Other and contrary doctrines were put forth by Montesquieu and Voltaire. tint Alain Smith overturned their theory and showed the truth of his d , cteioes. (Cheers and counter cheers.) But there are others besides the phil- e Then whose names and authority I hive cited who have held the same views with reepnt to trade. When this eountrr was suffering from an unuorell depression in its trade and comm roe, the bankers and mer chants p titioned this house, and that petition was, I find, . signed .tad its doctrines sanction. d by the honoured name of At. cinder Baring. (U. ar, hear ) I find in that petition the following distinct and explicit statement—" that the maxim of buyiog in the cheapest market and sell ! ing in the dearest, which regulates every merchant in his individual de &hogs is roietly appiical.l• !as the best rule for the trade of the whole natein." S that we here find the tint and the most distinguished mer.haht in the whole world can .ciatiog the doctrine which is • ow exclusively attribirtd to the phil nophers of the Manchester school. the honourable gentlemau who brought for ward this motion says that we cannot fight 1 ostile tariff. by means of fr • trace—(hear, heart—and Coat the only no acs or meeting foreign countries on their own ground is by ciuntervailing duties on their produce. Now,let se apply this docrine to the three great commercial c ninnies front whim we draw our etief supplies—namely, the United &atm, Prince, sad Russia. The United States imposes heavy prohibitory duties on our cotton mi . ...el:nuns, and Mill Engltnd is atdc, owing to her superiority in machinery and ean'tal, to compete with the United States in their own market. The duty on nor cotton goods there is 20 per cent. ad valorem, and what are we cslimi upon to do, according to the doctrines of the THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1849. hon. member ? Are we to intones a high duty on the raw cotton we receive from the United ?Riad? Wbat good would a high duty do to our cotton manufacturers ? They can beet the United States in neutral markets, though of in their own • and what class in this country would dative any benefit hoes a high duty on raw cotton ? I emelt that 'Du are far better able to compete with the hostile tariff of the United States, in neutral miakots, by buying the raw material at the cheapest posnible rat* than you would be by imposing a countervailing duty on this material i• order to retaliate the pr libitory dat7 ed 20 per cent. impold oa our cotton masterdom. lake Francs as so. other instance of the fallacy of this tom of reasoning. Site won't ready' our hardwares nor our cotton manufactures. Sew, thee, are we to deed with bee ? Are we to Mamma • kisk Mat 7 on her wises? If yen do so you nowt beak's She priesaplse of the Methuen treaty, which I thought had bogs exploded and repudiated by every statesman in this hoes, wben the wine dada were equalised. That treaty wee based on the ground that Deceit's Portugal consented to take English woollens we consented to admit her wines eta Loser rate of duty than those of France. (Hear.) Well, I cortaioly did think that the doctrines upon width this treaty was based had bean exploded. (" Hear" and • truth.) However, to premed with my illustration. In the year 1815 we reduced the duty on French brandy from 224. 6d. a gallon to 15e. What hu been the con sequence? Have we suffered in any degree from that change ? Has the advantage been gained by France alone ? If, imaged of reducing we had augm-oted the duty we should have heal to pay dearer lit our brandy, and we should have gained nothing in any other way, whereas by reducing the duty on brandy without in sneak upon an equivalent, you have got your brandy at a lets price by the whole of the difference in the duty. Well, h n, has the revenue suffered in consequence of this re duction ? Let us see. In the year 1845, when the duty was 22a. 6d. • gallon, the amount received was 1,208,00 w. on French brandy. In the year 1845 the duty being 15s , the revenue derived from brandy was 1,206,0001. So that there is little or no reduction in the revenue, whilst there has been a vast increase on the import, a cur responding decrease in smuggling, and no correspond ing evils to be complained. of. What, therefore, oe old we possibly have gained by fighting the French duties en our hardware and cottons by • hostile tariff OA our ride ? Well, now I come to Rusin. We are dissatirfied with the restrictions which she imposes on our productions. Would it be any advantage to us to raise the duty imposed on the tallow, hemp, sad other raw produce which we receive (ma Rus sia? I Hear.) Fee my own part, I see no advan tage is imposing countervailing duties on these arheles of consumption. J. tbere:ore, without the slightest reservation, do not hesitate to ay that the noble lord wee wrong when he said that he would extend protection to all the articles of do mestic produce. I apprehend the real mese ing of the coition now before the house-or, at least, one of the immediate con stquecces of its being affirmed-to be the re.impraition of prstective duties on the food of the people. (Cheers, and counter cheers.) Now, it is with the most solemn convic tion of the truth of what I am asserting, that I state it to be my belief and my firm conviction, that any more fat .1 boon could not be conferred up .n the agriculturists than such pro- tection as the boa, member contemplates. (Hear, hear.) I do entreat the agricultural interest in this house to consider what the real value of this protection la. I entreat you to coesiler whether it is not pcariele that the importation of foreign corn into this country may have been governed by ether considerations than those of the natural course of trade. I entreat you to cousidt r weether or not there have been great lows in the corn trade and in the im portation of corn, which may operate as • warning to tee importers of corn in lieut., and that the price may have been unduly depe elated, iudependently of all considerations of few trade. It is of owes difficult to speak of the future. My opinion is, however, that that is the case ; and I Mend you alio to consider this, that you never could, in the peseta% state of public opinmo, have maintain( d a law which would give you • guarantee of high prices to the injury of the people at large. (Hear, beer.) Sr, in 'he concluding pen of the epet ch of the bon. gentlemen who introduced this mo tion, he spoke of the condition of the labouring classes, and -aid he teeught the tendency of recent legislation had been to lower the condition of that c:us, He de scribed them as members of a powerful hiererehy end said that they had a right to consideration as the mem bers of that hierarchy. Now that was rather a romantic and poetical view to take of the condition of the labouring cheese. (A laugh.) Let me indu'ge in a more prose and practical view of the condition of that great hierarchy in 1842. ( Ilea.) Allow me to take the position of a manufacturer at Prni.lll, or a labourer at Dareetabire or On.• of the souther counties. Let me suppose that in 1842 the mamba els re ceived 12s. a week, and the labour. rBl a week. Now make from those wages the dedustioes fur Manse-rent, elothioe, and menial attendance-suppose they have 4 or 6 children to sup port, and let me call your attention to the sate of taxation at that time. (Hear, hear.) Will you just consider, when you contend that that which has been done has had a tends r y to lower the condition end interfere with the comforts of that man, whet it was that he was likely to require for the con ' munition of his faintly? (Hear, hear) I will no take Doraushire ; bat I will suppose the astriculrural labourer to be receiving 104. &wick, a d paying 10.6 d. a week perhaps fur lodging and clothing. This then was the Oates of tuatiun. All animals, ox -t, sheep, and swine, were pro hibited. It' there were a drum/ among the sheep, you had no reduction of the extraordinary price or mutton by tee im portation of sheep from ahruad. (Hear, hear.) Fresh p .1k was prohib led. Salted beef was 12s. a eat. Salted pork Was the same. Bacon, 28s. a cwt. ; potatoes even 24. • ewe ; lard, Ss. a cwt.-Bs. a ewe ! It is only the other day I saw a letter from Liverpool. stating that 9,000 tons of lard had been leaven.' from the I.l.ite d State-, which had found its way into L incashire End Yokihire, where it wax used as • substitute for butter. (Cheers.) Ham'. of all kinds were 28s. ; cheese waa 10t. 6d. ; butter, 20s. a cwt ; tallow Candles, 31. 3s. 4.1 per cwt. ; wheat, if it were 65e. • quarter, was If. Is. 81.; oate if they were 2.54., were 9s. 31. ; barley, at 33e., was 124. 4d.; Jed Indian corn win the eau -Indian torn, which had been the great resource of the i-h people during the famine, paid in 1542 • duty of 124. 41., anti that dependent on the price of barley. (Hear, lee ar.) Sir, it pl aced this house to reduce thus ituties. (Bear, hear) My buiet is that a wiser declaim than that to which you came, to subject pro perty to direct taxation within certain limits, to remove the proeiliemiis from meat and cattle, to permit s eine and oxen to he imported, to reduce the duty on corn, bacon, lard, nutter, and Cheese. could not have been adopted. hie belief is that it was a most advisable measure, and that you have b:en amply repaid fir any loss yea may have sustained by that reduction. (Cheers) You thought that the metropo:is presented a ms e nificent spectacle, and so it did, weer some 150,000 men et the mi idle class were ranged in support of the authorities, when there was no tieoffection, when there au a determination, without Mentes to party differences, to preserve the peace of this country and to pat down the threats and menet es of the ill disposed. But my belief is that the metropolis ex hibits an iecomplete-an imperfect example of the ad vantage you derived from that c ink once and support. You must go to the great hives of manuf.cturing industry. (Cheen.)o 5 to tee miner-go to those who are not sat' jetted to the influence s which tell in the metropolis in favour of the authorities. On to Paisley, to Glasgow, to Stockport, to Mincheeter ; go to the Oen entricr, end there see the order that was preserved in February, Is4B. (Hear, hear ) S e . gen, when the manumouriag interests were deeply suffer e.g-when there was the loss of emplo) ment-when there were great privetions-11‘ e the p silence lied resignation with wt ich those sufferings were borne-(cheen)-and so b me becaute it was felt that human legislation was not responsible fee the calamities of the time. (Chum.) I will not take L indon, then, as an ex ample of the order and the determiva taos to maintain the institutions which then pervaded this ennntry. I leek at the report which was made by the police officers. I wanted to me how a population behaved which I remembered to have been moved from its foundations in 1.818 which at various jute evening periods had been subjected to the arts of the seditious and disaffected, and who with dtlfi 'el ty had resisted, in times of great suffering, the snares and tempta tion that were held out to them. I wanted to know what course they had taken in 1848; with the example of Irish disaffec tion before them, with the example of the French revolu tion, of march triumphant, and thrones shaken to their foundations; an d! fled from an account published by a police offleer, dated so recently as tee 19. h April, of the present year, that much as the town of Manchester was indebted to the enereetic a tares of the mayor, and the active co-ope ration of the eitims, the borough owed still more to the working.cluses, and mill operatives, for the msiotenance of order, for their express disaeproval of, and absence of sym pathy with the prise mdines of the few disorderly and dis affected. (Cheers.) Well, surely those are significant lesson*, surely then are decisive preofe, that tee policy you ad-spted in remitting the duties on sr ides of subsistsnes was a wise policy. (Hear, hear) It was not the act of a sega cious minister ; the great coming crisis was not foreseen ; my belief is that it pleased Almighty God to listen to year prern to turn scarcity and dearth into cheapness and plenty, "so to direct and prosper your consultations" on the brink of a great precipice,-on the coming of a tre mendous calanaity,-as to estab ish peace and happiness on the foundations of troth and justice. (Cheers.) You have reap( d the emard of that policy. You have pawed un scathed during the severest trial to which the institutions of any nation were ever exposed. Yon stood erect amid the convul ias around you : and are you now to have proposals male to yr uof some paltry fix d duly ? (felmeral cheering.) Take your 51. duty, and contider what it is. If it be 6s , it will give you 5... on wheat, 2s. 6d on barley, and 24. on eats; Is. 6d. mote than you have at present on barley, and Is. mere than you have on oats. It is au equivocal advantage at the bent. (Cheers.) But by every consideration welch can influence rational and re flecting legislator, by the lei/hest sumo stions of a generous policy, by the coldest calculations of the lowest and most selfish prude ,er, I implore you to reject this proffered boon-(cheers)-and not to secrifice-not to barter the glorious heritage which you have obtained by your !emotions and most timely policy, for the =allot: consideration which ever was proposed to man, since the days of him who sold his birthright for a mess of pottage. (The right bon. gentle man resumed his seat amidst dpi 1 cheering.) The Marquis of ORANBY hoped that the house would be kind enough to give him its indulgence for a short time, feeling, as he did, the great disadvantages under which he labour, din enleavouring to answer his right bon. friend, bnt particularly on the resent occasion when the hour was so lute. (12 o'clock.) His right hon. friend had made a very able, but • very lengthy, speech, aid on both those grounds he prayed for their indulgence. His right hon. friend began his speech by 'eying that the question they bad to-night to decide was whether they ought to retain the preseat go v.rnmeet in office or subvert the commercial po of this country. If that were :he question, with all respect for the t lent of the government, he should have no hesitation in deceling im west he conceived to be the trim, material, essential interest of this country; for he mei not twee with his right hon. friend that they had an heritage tie these measures, and they ought to endeavour to retain it. He hoped to be able to show that he had ground for sa)irg this. Tito hon. member for Sheffield had inked the other night, and it k;aelbienriiie;teiiiist;Wenini;bisleriihtl;nll baronet, if you had not passed this corn law bill what would have become of you in February, 1848, when the whole of the continent was convulsed, and thrones were topplin: down. By that bill, when the price of corn :ose a 724 , a higher duty was imposed by 3.. than would have been imposed by the bill of 1812. The argument seemed to be, that we were saved from the revolution of 1848 by the repeal of the corn law twelve months afterwards. Whs. It was said that distress was owing to the tariff of 1842, they were told that free trade had not had a fair trial, and that they had ne right to impute the disasters to that ; and, on the other head, they main'ained that the prosperity of the country wee owing to a bill not pulsed 12 months since. To what ludicrous in consistencies were talented men reduced ! His hon. friend the member for Sussex had said that when the agricultural interest was distressed on a former occasion, it was owing to the low price ceased by the abundance of cons; but his right hon. friend said that notwithstanding the abundance of corn, the farmers were more distressed in 1836 than they now were. There was • great distinction between the case of the farmers they and farmers at the present moment. They might then be distressed, but it was owing to accidental cir cumstances, over which the legislature of the country had no controal, whereas at the present moment they had told the farmer that they pissed this measure in order to produce low prices, and that having attained that object they would not repeal the law which had given those log prices. That was not the case in 1836 ; they knew the cause enu tem porary, and parliament and the right hon. gentleman did what they could to ameliorate the aindi'ion of the farmers, and dui not say as they now did, we can do nothing for you The fumes then had confidence in the House of Commons, bat now they had none whatever. He would go at once to what he considered the most important is e on secretary scans question—the ehad tse I. muter asroet;drthe conditiona manufacturer.i ot t eprr a o f ft mu h Nou l feo Here oraeu Nottingham. t. inen ,H I ei prpt teiargresithfutr;binoedthisri.thfrf Some time ago he, having been mailed upon by the operatives of Nottingham to afford them some relief under their die tress, wrote to inquire what were the wages they received when they struck, and what amount of wages they struck fur. The wages they were receiving when they struck were 6s. 6.1., and they struck for a rise of Is. 6d., or 7s. a week. (Hear, bear.) Cauld any man he con tented with that? He said they should inquire into these things, and be therefore called upon the house to vote for the motion of his bon. friend, certain as he was, that if they had many friends in the cause of labour and native industry, the case of the poor operatives and labourers would be better attended to. The letter said, " I can with eocfilence astute you that the operatives in the frame-work knitting trade are deluded, and they begin to feel the telly of free-trade principles, and that party to be the greatest enemies to the working elutes. Ode of them, the greatest manufacturer of Nottioghun, told the deputation that waised on him on Monday last, that he was astonished at their im pudence in minim for an advance, now that they had gat bread and provisions so very &Leap." (Hear.) These unfortunate people living on five shiliogs and sixpence , a week. He doubted whether this was not the very tosater l menufacturer who wrote the letter to his right hon. fri ed. ° However, the time is arrived when the working classes are I determined net to be deluded by that cites of men for the' future ; fur invariably we find them the greatest ecemies to the working classes." He would show the reduction of wave, since 1845, in every s ecies of manufacture that was carried on in Manchester. He did not see the l.on. member for Manche ester in his place, but be would be able to tell whether these returns were correct. In the year 1846, for wearing 75 cotton handkerchiefs the sum of 49. 6d. was paid ; in 1849, for the same amount of work, the sum of 3e. Sd was eine. This reducti in of wages was not affected by the' reduction in the hours of Isbaur. In 1845 and 1816, tor' weaving a piece 5.5 yards lone, Ss. 61. was given ; for weaving the same quantity in 1849, not more than 2s. 7d. In 1845 and 1846, for want g 64 yards of OM e, 4a. tad. ; in 1849, for 66 yards of the same, 3.. In 1847, for weaving a certain amount of cloth, 4s. 7d.; for weaving the same quantity in 1849, 3s. 31. So the return went on showing the reduction" which had taken piece in the various articles they m enufactun d in Manchester, and show ing the sums they now received, and those which they received in 1815 and 1846. There was then an account of the redaction in the expenditure of these dif ferent weavers. For his cost and waistcoat in 184.5 and 1846 he gave 60.. cost price. Ups!' the prices of 5f446, nub jeet to a reduction of 25 per cent. in favour of 1849, there was 12.. 61. gain. The average amount ef a bet in 1845 was lOs —a reducti en of 2.5 per cent. was 2.. Cl. knife. Has shoes in 1845 were 15s. ; the reduction at 25 per cent. was lia. 91. His stockings were 3s. 41. ; 101. gain. Cloth foe I two shirts, 56. ; reduction, Is 31. liendkerchiefs, 4s. ; a I gain of ls. Stocking weaving. particularly for wife and children, 100 s. ; and in 1849 there was a gain of 11. 51. The reduction in the price of bread, taking 1,500. be., wee 31. 2a. 61. The whole of the gain upon them ?mimes arieles was Riven at 61 19s. 11 ie., the gain on purchases in 1819, as compared with 1845 ; but the wages of the operative beteg re limed in 1849 56. per week as com pared with 1815 and 1816, the loss per annum to each of such operatives was 131. The total loss per aent mto a man with a wife and children was 61. and "fraction. Time right howl member fi•r Temwarb, its answer to r is hon. friend the mem ber goo Buck., had urged that the decrees d value of our ports was to be attributed t, the reduction in the price of raw material, in the plc, of provisions, and in the rats s.f wager. But the real question was, whether this country had not suffered, and wss continuing to suffer (rem this decrease ? It mew ared th it the reduction in value • f our exports was at the rate of 22 percent., but making every deduction for the diminished price of raw material there was a nett re daction is value of 10 per cent., being so much dead loss to British industry. A recent increase had b. en noticed in our eop ern, but he believed it was chiefly in the exports to America, whence large orders were coming in anticipation of a prohibitory act which wag certain to pass the American legislature. Those who taunted country gentlemen with 'de sire to raise rents and pay off mortgages at the expense of the labouring classes should hear with petit nce the 'tegu ment& of their advocate , . If such statements had been mode tiy the hind delegates of the Anti corn Law L ague, he should have known how to treat them, but when they came from the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and were addressed to a British House of Commons, he felt bound to make them hear, and if he had voice they should hear—(a laugh)— what he had to Nay in repei:Cation. The country gentlemen even when di sent* d by tiieir natural friends—(loud protec tionist cheers)—had never flinched from their long cherished opinions; ant why? Because they were convinced, both by reason and argument, that in maintaining protection they were not doing no *imply (or their own Derails, but were maintaining a system which, on their consciences, they be lieve d to be the best for all classes in this great country. (Protectionist cheers.) It wee that cause which bad preveutet them from changing, that which had sup p nett them in their tri els against the leading men on lettlo sides of the house, and now when, in 1819, their principles had received the sanction of experience, they were rot likely re yield them to any taunt, let it come from whence is might. Their h lief errs, that the prophecy of his hot'. friend the inesafxr fcr Buckieghamshire would be speedily sect tom : ;direly fulfilled. (Hear, hear.) Lord el, ItUSSELL—I should be wasting in respect to the hon. g. edemas who has made this mak n, and to his supporter., if I were not to state some at least of the grounds on which I think myself justified in resisting his motion. However, I should Fay that so far es the conduct of the go vernm -et is c ancerned, and the present state of tinder, I should rest satisfied with the speech of my right hon. friend the Chaneellsr of the Exchequer; and also I must say, with 'regard to the general principles of our commercial p eicy during the last seven years, that it would be the height of presumption in me to enter into the cur eidera tion of thi a, topics, or to attempt to defend thme principles atter the able, and, as I thick, un answerable speech of the tight hon. ?menet the member for Tamworth. (Loud cheers I I must now take notice of one or two statements which were made by the hon. member for Buckinghamshire. He produced an official return—and, in compliance with his wish, I will deal with nothing else—en official return showing an increase in the poor rater, and he said that that return alone would justify the house In acceding to his motion. I must say that I think he came rather late into the field with his motion. His return ends at Lady-day, 1848, comprising three-quarters of 1847 an 1 only one of 1848. Well, that was a year which was unf or anstely d i stinguished by the calamity of a great famine in Indeed, • great want of food in this country, by great commercial convenient, and by various other ceases of distress—circumstances which must account for a very great increase in the poor rate. But I should hardly have thought diet the h gentleman would have selected that as a penitent year of calamity, because his ergs meet is that a high price of corn is almost synonymous with the prosperous condition of the labouring class-s, od that very year 1817 was distingu i shed over the twenty-five' years preceding it by the very high price to which corn at tained. (Hear, hear.) It appears, then, that the instance quoted by the honourable gentleman, so far from being ot, is usually against his motion, because he shows you national calamity attending upon high price f food, Ann then says, "Ho into committee with me, and I will show you how to get high prices again." A complete contradiction in the hon. member's arguments. (Hear, beer) But with respect to some later intelligence to be found in official returns which I have received from my hon. and learned friend the chief commissioner of poor leers, I be g to inform the house that the state of the country duce the pabligition of the hon. member's returns has exhi bited nips of improvement as reyards those classes who seek relaxe in the poor-house, or who are in the receipt of out dose relief. Taese returns were not sent until they had been ordered, and they relate to 106 unions, of which it appears that there is a decreased expenditure in b 7, and an increase in only 19, and of these only 12 are purely agricultural unions. Si that XS far as these returns go we have reason to think that there is improvement, not falling eff in the condition of the agricultural labourer. The ez psnditure of these monies daring the year ending Lady day, 1818. was 863.1101.; and for the year ending Lyn day, 1849, 799,1511.; being • diminution of 63,9691. To that, by having somewhat later intelligence than the honourable gentleman, I am abs I. some respects to throw • more cheering light on those circumstantial which he thinks so dark and desperate. (Hear, hear.) With respect to the country at large, I have stated generally the members of these uniorui, but there are some purely age col . ur 1 countiis in which decreese is shown. In Bed. ford, Buck-, Dorset, Essex, Gloucester. Hereford, L - eiceater, Northampton, Somerset, Sussex, and Wilts, all agricultural esuu• 4s, where poor relief was Risotto the greatest extent, there his heed • decrease . I will take the union in one oily, and give • return still later than those which I have Taw. d. With regard to the six unions in Bedford, what has been the result with respect to in-door and out door relief? At Midsummer, 1848, there were 1,007 an the workhouse, and at the same date in 1849, 901. Tee expense of outdoor relief was, in 1813,6821., and in 1649, 5431. So that so far from the state of the country having Deanne worse, as the hon, gentleman supposes, it has &eroding to the later official accounts become considtrabla Im proved. I do not mean by this to say that there ta not very considerable distress in some agricultural counties. But I can well understand that there may be a period at which it is advisable to impose a moderate fixed duty on urn. (Cheers from the protectionists.) And 1 have no hesitation in saying that, true as I thick the principles of free trade, and undoubted as are the principles laid down by Adam Smith, yet when a nation has for some time been living under laws which induce men to expect a higher price than their articles would otherwise bring, it may bar wise to nuke a gradual change—to depart from Isiah and excessive protection to a moderate fixed duty, as a means of enabling the people to obtain corn cheaper, and at the same time making the transition to the agricultural interest less precipitate than it would else be. (Hear.) But was no mach proposition ever made? (Cheers from the ministerial benches.) And when it was made how was it met? When it would have been a wise and a safe propnerion —whet, the people of this country were asking for a change of the corn laws, and would have co. sidcred such a measure a generous and spontaneous eenceasino, when it would have lowered the prim: of food to the people, and at the same time enabled the agriculturist to prepare for the greater char go which the e. lorry would finally have re (paired—then the propitiation for a fixed duty, was met by a most violent, ammo out, and pertinacious apposition. (Hear.) But now, when the corn laws are doge: her abo• fished, and the people know there is no law to 'nervier be tween them aid the attainment of their food at the cheapest prom—when they have tasted the comforts conseqo ent on free dom of commerce, and they feel contented and grateful to the legislature for having taken airy those laws by which the price of their feed was eohanced, and when it would be mad neu to attempt to reimpose such a duty, that is the time when hon. gentlemen opposite, who refuted the offer whet, it was made to them, come forward to ask the house to esta blish a fixed duty on corn. (Hear.) But it is singular that, having asked the two great interests, the agricultural and the West I hdia coluniol interest, to agree to a duty of Bs. ow corn and 12e. on foreign sugar, I should have heard it proposed on the part o' the piotectioniets—that I should have heard, In the year 1848, a proposal for a temporary duty of 10e. per cwt. on foreign sugar, and in 1849 a petition should have been presented, and a motion mad ~ for a moderate fixed duty on corn. (Cheers.) It does not appear to me that hon. gentlemen at ell suit the prepositions to the circum stances of the times. They know well that they would have ' b:•en carried at a former period if they had consented to them ; but that nothing would induce them even to hear of such propositions; aed now, when there is scarcely a chance of their 64CC(11 , —when their success would be for more fatal to their political intim:ace than the rejection of such propositions, that is the time when they thick it wise and statesmanlike to bring them forward. I have stated with regard to the agriculturists, ants especially r to thou returns:et which the hon. gentleman has referred, that those are returns of a later date, showing fir better pro spects for the labouring CIASSIS than those of which he hes spoken. There is another print to which I would eall attention. That is the great increase in the consumption of some of the main articles consumed in this count. y from 1842 to 1848. There was an bureau in the consumption of coffee of 36 per cent. ; of sugar, of GO per cent. ; tea, 24 per cent. ; cocoa, 30 per cent. ; currants, 93 per cent. ; Teresina 62 per cent. The increase of the population cannot be taken let m ire than 9 per cent , so that there is an thereon in the consumption of articles of general use far exceeding the increase of the population. There is another point to which I wi-h to call attention, for it applies not only to the hon. gentleman's motion, but also to the language held by my hon. friend the member for Montrose (Mr. Hume) who would induce us to think the peopte were c .ntinu city becoming worse in their mein n, and finding it more and more difficult to obtain articles of nec es sity, much less the comforts of life. The paw. r to obtain those articles mu it always depend in some measure on their price, and with reran, to many of the chief articl • of daily consumption, 1 find that the price has been greatly redured. In the year 1818, the prier of wheat was 980., in 1824, 60s , is 1838, 60. e. 7'., in 1844, 50s 61. The price of coffee bad tall, n in the none period from Geo to 3s. 10 1., end sugar from 63e. to 265. The prices of cotton, wool, flex, and Lather hare also been reduced considerably, and there can hardly, I apprehend, have been such a reduction in the price of toose eoliths, without a corresponding increase in the power of consumption, and, cot s,quently, of the tom forts of the people. With retried to sugar, for inetane.., if the people consumed 303,000 tons now, for the same sum far which they could obtain culy 200,000 tons some yells ago, that proem; Crest they can command a greater enjoyment of the comforts of life, and that they are better off than they were in former years. Alter the speech of the right hon. gentleman, Sr It. Peel, and at thee late hour, I do not like to detain the h use by going any further loth these state ments; but there are ore or two quer ions on which the hon. gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) touched in his epuch to which my right hon. friend the (Chancellor of the Exchequer) did not rater, and on which therefore 1 am desirous of offering a few w or.. s. I feel that with regard to the ministry to which I am attached 1 am bound gene rally to say whatevor detects may be found in our mode of meeting the difficulties we have bad to en counter, that though, those difficulties have been great we have in no way flinched from meeting them, and encounter ing them with the b st remedies we could devise, and with regard to some of them, I may add that the re alto preve that we were not mi tele , nin the course we took. (Heir.) In 1847 there was a meat commercial convulsion and great difficult' vin 0011,1que or in r gaol to the cot rency. We met that oifficulty by um asures taken on our own responsibil t,, which was approved by the house unanimously. (He ar, hear.) That measure has, lum happy to say, been free from the evils anticipated by the hum gentleman opposite (Mr. Spoon( r.) When that hon. gentleman came to me as one of &deputation on the sabjeci, 1 told his that gold was coming in, and hi. reply was, that if I supposed it would ri main in the bank I was mistaken, for it would all go away again. But we never hetet.. adhered to our measure, and our measure was miccemtul and brought us, without risk or danger, to the eurreecy, through a period of great danger to the com mercial classes of the country Soo, merchants of London we: e surerieed when I said I felt no despondency OR icemen* of the difficulties by which we were then surreutv'e I. I believed that the enterprise and the capirel of the merchems of this great metropolis w .uld extricate them from the depression they were then labouring undo r ; I saw no Teapot for despondency, arid therefore I proposed the measure I thought best. In !rend, as well as in Englaeol, the energy shown by the government—by the Lord Lieutenant—has relieved Ireland from great calamities. The danger being pueed, it may be laughed at, but a dangerous conuisecy did ex at, which, but for the prompt measures tek-n, might have disturbed the recce of the country Ann might have octet m eny lives. There was another danger and a great one too, in the coruse of these three tor*, which we have shown no w sit of courage in meeting. The hon. gentleman has ref re• d to our foreign policy, hut knead of etasieg, much less proving, arty crime or reelige nce en nor part, he resorted to the common and niter accusation that we were rirrieg up insurrections in foreign countries. Tiers is no ground whatever tor that charge. The rove:menu of some foreign cow - Aries not having provioed by proper measures thou concessions and those rights which the r subjects demanded. those countries were involved in rev •lu tions; and not knowing how else it could have happened they were charred to foreign intrigue. Nothing could he mere unfounded. Ido not conceal my views. lam for the old toast, " Civil and religious liberty M 1 over the world," hut I should not he jostifi. d in interfering in the affairs of other countries wi.hout s ease overpowering nec. ssite. But with the di sire to pre serve tranquillity at home, we have been ready to use the influence and advice of this country with foreign nations, but we have not been disposed to interfere in the conflicts which have taken place abroad. Another part of cur policy is that throughout all the changes which have taken place in France we have thought it right to maintain the most triendly relations with that country- . --(cheen)--and the preservation of thou friendly relations with the va rious governments of France, to preserve a tone of mo len tion which they might • not have been able to keep, if they bad had nelson to suppose that England was hostile to them. I say now what I have often said before, that I belie ye the m doh nanoe of intimate and friendly rela tions between England and France is the best security for the peace of the world. (" Hear, hear," from Sir Robert Peel.) Though we may not agree with all that the French nation have done, we had no reason to suspect that their intentions were other than friendly and pacific—we saw no d on her part to vi late those !testi ts by which the peace of Europe hat been preserved. (Cheers.) An to the mote a of the hon. member for Buckineheinseins, he has the app Trent reason for saying that if we look back to three years ego you will find that we have not had the Fame peace notated—that we have tome important interests sufferieg at home—that you have had a great famine is Ireland from which many ere guf ring even now ; but when he prouseds from this to lay these charges as matters of blame to the government without reasonno on his allegation. I will without fear claim the verdict of el house. I will not stk them to say that they approve ot everything we have done ; but I ask them not to lay on us e.lamities which it was impossible to avert. Many of these things had depended upon the celsmity which Divines Providence had brought on a part of the United Kingdom, and which he h-ped and trusted might be the commencement of an alter, d and a better system. He believed that the scourge had been sent to us to work out an ultimate porpcse of good, that it sae uld stimulate us •o fresh energy, and that it should ;not induce us by any means to despair. If we made no efforts for improvement we could not expect blessings to be showered spontaneously upon it.. If we continued a system of policy which he be. liege d to be wise, and if we continued giving an menu& en other nations of liberty united with awe, he hoped that the blessing of Almighty Providence might rest open this kingdom, and that, although our measures and our di. rectioos mina have no port in it, yet that the energy, the consistency, the virtue, and the piety of this nation, might lead to the happiest flout s. Mr. MUNTZ complined that the right hon. baronet, Sir R. Peel, had entirely miarepreiented the epee ch he delivered on a former occasion. His opinien of the state of Birmingham was, that trans there was anythirg but peer perous, that the greater portion of the workiog °penny., were unemployed and receiving reduced wages. Mr. DISRAELI replied. He bad founded the seonomic ;maims of bin motion upon the moat authentic returns ob tainable from toe officers of the government. TI e right hon. gentleman tthe Chancellor of the Exchequer) had ap pealed only to one savings bank as a teat of the condition of the people. Why had not the Chairman of the Poor-law Board (Mr. Bainesi favoured the house with his 'tallies relative to the state of pauperism and the prosperity of H ell ? The Prime Minister had come for wardin a statistical character, and game an account 0187 unions out of 662 in Eu o land, end a poorer performance .n tl e ttadatical vein the house had never beta favoured with, The right nun. gentleman, the Chant* Nor, had not replied to him but to the speeches delivered at Drury lane Theatre but it be chose to answer speecLes at Dewy-lane, he should have gone there and appeared upon the boards, and, if properly advertised, he would draw. (Lo u d taught. r.) Then the Choreal. r indulged himself in a quantity of statistics, but by what lioh they were bound together nobony could understand. The *Aloft reminded him of a conjuror at a rural (tie, who, for three hours, would draw out of his mouth a quantity of red tape. (Re newed laughter) The tight hon. baronet the member for Tamworth, after promising to inttoduee a sew sys tem of delaying to the house, said to would take up, paragraph by g b e y n & a m n ia " attacked ph, his r h his .rs heresies d ' s) echrespect ing the exports. What he said was, that in 1845 the de clared value of our exports was, in round numbers, 60,000.0001. ; and that in 1848 thee had been 6.3,000,000/.: showing a felling off of 7.000,0001. ; and he had argued that bootee n 1845 and 1848 there was not that difierence of price in the raw material to justify such a falling off. He had said that in four months of this year, compared with four menthe of 1848, although there WAS an alleged increase in our exports there was a plat depreciation in price, and 'hat in every important instance the raw material was dearer it 1819 than in 1818. The bon. gentleman went ox to complain that the right No.i, baronet the member for Tatnwurth should have placed in the same category the raw material and provisinns. There was no similarity between cotton and corn. (Rear, hear.) 110 might say to the noble lord oppyite, who was so proud of hie supporter on his (hlr. Disraeli's) side, that be ought to recollect by whose advice and influence it was that they did rot accept the paltry" duly of 55., which might have prevented much of the inconvenience which was felt at present. Whether ss. or Bs., which in the present high limn notions of states men might be considered paltry, it was • question upon which a few years back men felt themulees justified to agitate the country to its centre. (Cheers.) One would suppose, from the tone of the rigot honourable gen tleman, that he had never held opinions different from those he now professed. (Hear) That he And never had a doubt upon them, that he Lad been born an infant Herenles to strangle protection and monopoly. (Cheers.) The hon. gentleman (Mr. Disraeli), atter vindicating his advocacy of countervailing duties, begged of the house to recollect what they were going to rota upon. It might by convenient to narrow the issue to a commercial question. It might be convenient fur those who had b en year atter year murmuring an opposi tion to the government without the courage to oppote— (eht err) —who had complait el that the colossal t mime was in danger, and teat our foreign affairs bad been mismanaged, it might be convenient for them to say that the present issue was oily a commercial o:e ; best it was no such thing. It was a vote of confidence in the go vernment who bad been more than three years in power and hod t Mete d certain results. It was a vote of confidence in an 'nap, and exhausted Exchequer. It was a vote of confidence in an ender limed c lonial empire. It was • vote of confidence in Danish blockades and Sardinian insurrections. It was a vote of confidence in • prostrate and betrayed agri culture—a vote of confidence in the desolation of Ireland. ' (Cater.) Let them vote for those objects, and vote for the ' government if they cheer ; but if they did so, let them at , set have the decency tt cent their recriminations and silence their complaints. (Cheers.) The house then divided, For the motion l5B Minna it CONSOLIDATED FUND (3,010,0001.) BILL. • This bill was read a third time and p need. PROTECTION OF WOREN BILL. This bill was real a second tiei , at.d the e .i.anittee fletd far Wedneslay. The Witt I r.lers were mostly postp.ned, and the boom adjourned at 3 o'cluek. Mr. JACKSON paired, agair.st Mr. DitraeL's motion, with Mr R. phemon. the Qll'rorefsgs. OUTGOING MAILS. The maile. ova timbale., to the Meditervaneen, Egypt, Ce:.lon, India, Moog-hong, No., will be made up this vv, Mug. 111.11 a tor mum. North AMMO) mina the limned Mates will be made up on the evening of the I Sth July. The for Vivo, firma°. Madeira, Culla, and Gibedltar, will be made up on the 17th of July. the Nest loam Mao% eaniouing Bermuda. Harms, NlarAll, tlonduran, New Orleans, mid Mealoo, ineludog Omer for W*lleir.. St. horn-AA-Nis 'intros, ?kw Granada, Chill, and Peru, will be made up on the 17th of July. Tne moue for tiihranar, MOW, Otte! , • the lonian Islands, Egypt. India, And Chin... Me bouth.supton, wit be alade up en the morning of the 10th of July. The mail, for Madeira, the Braziln, and Buenos Ayres, millbe made up on the 4tll of Aultira. MOH WATER AT LONIXIN PRIMP!. TA. 11A. -INArnlair 10 we. Abu 3 AMMO., SA WA Red L To lloasow -Noralag. 4101 a. pat 3. Altennoft..2 Xl4 pwit a. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 7. THE Hog trians have certainly been out-numbered on tee right bank of the Detuhe, and WOMAN, abandoning the defence of Raab, has apperentry with ch aeu 0 the left bank, where he still held tee line of the Waag, and had beffied every at empt of the Russians to pas. it. There was no battle previous to he capture of Reab. nor had any jeer% rrchments been thrown up rave et* the 'lightest kind. Raab is an open tow::, to be defended in corjune time with a line cf opera iron., but of no force or value in itself. The imperialists sung Te Deems to all tutee in jeer naleand cathedrals when they took it be fore ; and i• 'Treed them tee liu le purpose. Fee m the despatch of AULICK to the youth, as well as from the abendoemeut of Reel) atter GEORGEY had penetrated amongs the advancing co lumns of the Austrian and Itu-sian armies south of the Danube, we moat intir that it was the pur pose of the Hungarian geceral to abandon the tract westward of the Denube, and to allow the imperialist armies to advance to the toot of the tell on a Inch Ofen stands. Tbis, however, is a deliberate purpose on the part of GEOIWEY ; to what end, whether to a retreat trona the line of the Wasp, or to an isolated er.gLgement with the Rue eien carps beyond that river, or to a march upon PASKEWICII, we must yet remain at a loss to =- lecture. Of course these witl-drawele without com bat are disheartening. Trey are, however, note hum faintbeartedncee, either in GLORGEY'd or l/estitiNSKl'S can The letter has adowed Perot mice to piss the summits and the defiles of the Carpathians witi-out any notable re sietacce. The Rumen gene rap has got his infantry as far as Kasehau, and is preparing to get his artillery, cavalry, forage, end impediments. through the passes, in order to a descent int, th- pain. As to his divid ing hie army, and *ending one-half to De breczin, and the oth r half t, Pesth, as come journals arrange his strategy, this is rank nonsense. Until we hear of his heath g DEMBINSKI we may be pre ty sure, that he cannot advance, and certain that he well not divide. It was expected that DEMBINSKI would have kept him longer in crossing and establishing his head quarters so far south. It is the circumstance of hie having mede such progress unmolested, probably, that has Induced GEOBOEY 10 limit the circle of his def. nets, to abandon Raah, withdrew behind the Danube, and possibly behind some other of the rivers which run behind the Wasp and parallel to it. And 3et the last accounts have brought tidings of a very. serious ergegement in these Tall. ys between the Hungeriane and the Rte./ante in which both claim the victory, but of which the rumour at Craoow gave the advantage to DEMBINSKI. By acceunte from Beet it would seem that the Rus sians showed ro alacrity to cross the mountains to his encounter. They had, indeed, found such diffi culties ie tie way of apaM forcing the path near Cronetsdt, of which, by 'he bee, they have had recent experience in cenjunction with BEM, that they relied altegetter on .btaioing the permiz eion of the Turkish government 0 march round by ()reeve, and pass the Da. übo into Tranevlvenie. Tne Porte, though it hesitated much, has at lee. had the ceurace to refuse, so that the mountain purses re main the only pith for tie Russia," As to the teats recorded of the Ben JELLACHI:,`II, we do not believe one word of them. He is the gee &eta liar on re cord. On the Wear, and beyond the Ile of Schutt, the Hungarians have, contrary to their expectations, found the Russia' trout s far less formida ble and forward than the Au. elem.. who encouraged by the presence of their E nperrr, and waded by the chance of being comp. Il el to call in the Cessecks for auxiliaries, hew receive red the morale which they lost in their subs quern defeats by the Her verges. It is no- sup os d, h .wrver, that the armies at present invading Ilungary, however more num. retie, are on the whole more be midab'e than the evefully-equipped, and yet unbeaten, a•tey that WIN. DI?•CIIGRATE led so triumphantly to Pcstb, and which he I If: en the plaits of the Thrum The went of provisions and commissariat bad ro small share in the destruction of WINI/P4CIIGKATZ. But the Russians are worse provided in this te epee'. Trey ace far greater spendthrifts of Snell re sources, f r more ruthless ulundertre. Ti ey will fnd Hungary a desert, their difficulties increasing as their e rerm rue masses advance. And, indeed, haw armies f four or five hundred theme rd men, all taken togt tier, are tic be fed tor marry weeks in Hungary, lie a neiraie that no comuesseriet can a 'lye. If the