The Express. — London, England, 1859-12-15 00:00:00

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Mr.lieesolds. ®IOA WATAIA AT LO.IIIDOS 1&IDO r. P. -... --Mara . f. AA. Mom a. *LSI 6 . 60 lIONDON. TEUESDAY. DEC. 16. TIM letter of "A Clergyman" on long credits, which the Daily News published on Monday, will hare met with a reward, from many people, in town and country, wire de not write to newspapcn, or tell their experience termed their own circle. In town and country, we say ; and more emphatically perhaps in the country than in town, though such cams method of SARAH IJTEII are but too familiar to all whe attend to the proceedings of police courts. If those who agree with " A Clergyman," or those who are qualiti d to answer b;s questions, were to reply througL us, the foliowing would be, we believe, what they would say : It is true that ready money payment@ would de men good, and save more vice and misery than per haps any form of charity that can be pointed out. At the comet, it is plain enough that men ought to be jest beton they are generous ; that ladies ought to pay their dressmakers before they subscribe to re lieve distressed needlewomen ; and that country petition should have no heavy bills unpaid to tradesmen at Christmas, when they are giving away orals and bleekets to shivering families who would lave bees warm and independent if they had had their dee from the master workmen to whom the gentry are in debt. Justice first, and generosity afterwards, all the world over ; and in the very first plate, to the payment of industry. The " i'lergyeress" Inquires whether it is not the most humane way of proceeding, " to pay the neces " sary bills of butcher, baker, mem, milkman, des, " at short intervals.," and ready money wherever practicable. though the tradesmen themselves some times prefer long credit. The ordinary state of things in many a rural district in England affords a very clear answer to the question. Where there is any staple production in such • district, and especially one of an old-teshimied cha- raster, • system of long credits may too often—per haps most commonly—be found. in a grazing district, or a timber district, for instance, the old fashion of long credits determines the custom of the placer. The seller of timber allows long credit, and he claims it in all his own transactions. If he car ries on great drainage works on his land, or builds largely, the contractors for those works, knowing how long they shall have to wait for their money, do not pretend to pay their workmen or common labourers more than they are actually compelled. In such placate the labourers are paid small sums at Irregular intervals. and are expected to wait till the 'ear'. end at least fur the balance. These small sums du not always—in fact do very seldom— go to pay for the necessaries of life oo the spot. The labourers take ;wig credit, like their betters. They have • conception of a great amount coming to them by and by which will pay off everything, and the driblets of money which they obtain at intervals go for some imaiedece indulgent*, and most commonly at the public-house. In a community where nobody knows what he has, everybody is apt to gratify the wish of the moment, and suppose he will pay for it in the end. And this hada to another of the " Clergy mari'e" considerations. A tradesman told him that shop good. could be supplied mach cheaper on a reedy-money system. This msy seem too obvious a truth to spend a word upon, yet the operation of this truth is so involved with the whole prosperity, and especially with the morality, of our rural populations, that it will not be a waste of words to advert briefly to it. Where tradesmen ■nd labourers are paid in the way we have described, the amount of insolvency is very great. The contractors for works, builders, arid others, are apt to be realm just in the same way as their labourers. They have THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, ANC credit till the yeses end, or longer; and they specu late, they boy, and run many risks which they c mid not venture upon if they had to pay as they go. In esesequt nee, they fail. Many time over, in the life of a rural artisan, he is deprived ',large amounts of wages by the failure of his employer ; and then he is himself " sold up," or at best compounds with the shopkeepers, or is saddled with debt for a course of years. Amidst such risks the shopkeepers have to secure themselves by high charges. Those who pay cash marget discount; but those who do spay, bet not. ready money, are charged for the failure of thew who break. Under such a system the morality of the community is very low. A reckless looseness about money has, on the surface, an appearance of generosity ; but it is mere levity, and it saps all prin ciple about an honest fulfilment of obligations. The profligacy of neighbourhoods where long credits are the rule is beyond the reach of clergy and school masters. At Christmas, or Candlemas, or Martin- MY, or whenever the year's accounts are settled, there is a drinking bout of one or more days. Drink is offered to all comers ; the postman is tipsy, the soberest artisans lose their heads, and more money is spent in a day than would keep their families for weeks. Then the squire pays his baker for all the bread of the year, patting in the way of the baker and his man or boy such temptations as no man ought to throw in another man's way. Then are the most careful people called upon to pay more than they supposed they owed; and the beet-intentioned may find themselves in debt. The shopkeepers dread the settling time; and if their bad debts are more than usual, they have to raise their prices for the year to come. Then follow the dreary sales which ensue upon executions; and honest and prudent people have to make up in charity, as well as high prices, for the sins and shortcomings of their neigh bours. So goes life in such places ; and very many such places there are in England. How the system operates in towns we need not describe. Such cases as SARAH Deli's illustrate the working of long credits only too frequently and too sadly. When Mime EDOILWORTH'i "Fashionable Tales" were read by all the world, it really seemed as it her dreadful story of "The Dna" must extin guish the sin in one generation of London life at least. It was inconceivable that any readers of the tale could ever leave bills unpaid again; and every body read it. We have seemed to want some such awakening in our generation, and we have it in Sault Drea's case. It ii said that we are presently to see a new fashion of moderation in female dress- Let us hops it is true, for many reasons; and not least because the extravagant taste of the last few years has induced a vast amount of debt among ladies, and misery among their creditors ; but it is only too true that, through all changes of fashion, certain of the great London shopkeepers are known to stop payment at intervals avowedly as the only means of getting their bills paid by their aristocratic customers. Nothing can be added to the force of this fact. The " Clergyman" adverts to one other point— the difficulty of inducing shopkeepers to take ready money under as established system of long credits. In reply to his appeal for information, oountry rest ' dents would no doubt tell him that this Is very com mon; and that a little perseverance will work a great change. The main comfort, indeed, in the whole business is that it is a cue in which individual effort is completely effective, as far as it goes. Let residents resolve to pay their way, and they cannot fail of achieving great good. Let the rich man de ' clue his will to have short accounts, and see that the thing is done, and he will lower shop prices, to the benefit of the poorest widow in the place. More over, he will shame his neighbours of all ranks into imitating hid example. Let him propose to pay the contractor for his drainage, or his building, in monthly sums, on the strict condition that the work men and labourers are paid by the week, and he will see comfort, and thrift, and respecta bility grow up among them. Whatever the squire may do, let the clergyman, and the widow lady, and the man of small income, avow the fact that yearly payments are a difficulty and anxiety which they do not choose to endure, and declare that, if the shopkeeper makes any trouble about short accounts, they will buy what they want from the next town; and they will soon find their way clear. At first, they will be called troublesome ; but it will be for a very short time. In • little while all will be anxious for the cogent of " the beet payers in the place," as they will have the repu tation of being. Many are the opportunities that will be afforded to them of giving counsel and aid ; for many will be the confidences brought them about the perplexities and miseries created by their non paying neighbours. A Clergyman could hardly bit upon • hater method of encouraging the honest and prudent among his neighbours, and rebuking the reckless and haughty, precluding much sin sad misery, and winning the trust and confidence of his flock, than by thinking and acting as oar corre spondent seems to do. We hope the example may spread, in town and country. LATEST INTELLIGENCE, FRANCE. PARIS, Tlit MAT. The 1/emitter of tc-day says : " Prince Metternich, in presenting his Satre. de creases to the Emperor, delivered a speech, in which he said The Emperor had commanded him most particularly to convince the Emperor of the high price he attached to his personal friendship,' adding, ' that it would be agreeable to his Majesty to see the completion and consolidation of the relations of good understanding and intimacy with which the general interests of Europe are so closely connected.' "The Emperor replied, ' I have the firm hope that the relations which have been so happily re-esta blished between the Emperor of Austria and myself cannot but become more friendly by an attendee examination of the interests of the two countries. Since I have seen the Emperor I attach a great value to his personal friendship. The sincere agre-- meat between us will be facilitated by the cholae of a representative whose conciliatory spirit is known, and who has so many titles to my confidence and to my esteem.' "The Emperor has received the Prince d'Orange." The Moniteur also contains the following: U Yes terday Prince Jerome Napoleon was again at tacked with inflammation of the lungs. His state was very grave, and canned serious apprehensions. The Emperor and Empress have visited his Imperial Highness." THE FRENCH FUNDS. PARIS, WIDEISDAT, 12.7 P.K. The fonds opened heavy. Rent*, 70.65. 3.30 c.a. The market has been very flat, bat improved at the clam. Rents. 70.60, being a decline of I BUM yesterday. SPAIN AND MOROCCO. The following are extreme from the Gibraltar Chronicle Dec. 3. We have tiesn permitted to give the accompanying eatract eta letter from the camp. It is from a entre° which goa -1 renews the correctness of its statement : Canto of Serrano, Nov. 27, 1859. 't We have had some ddrimishes with the Moore, but their attack on our lines on the 26th sesumsd the fierceness and troportions of a battle. They made a feint upon our right, and threw all their weight upon our left centre. The fight lasted from 1 until 4 o'clock p.m., when they were repulsed on all seise with very heavy lose, heaps of 80, 60, and more dead hodtes being found in the petitions they cemipied. It is well known the care they take to remove their dead if not routed, as they certainly were the day before yester day. 'I calculate their loss at about 600 to 800 men !writ at combat, among which 2.50 dead. We also auffercd considerably, so they fought with great determination, and the intimate knowledge of these intricate forests and defiles is in their favour. Our looses amount to 300 or 400 men altogether, but many are but slightly wounded. A batch of these savages made a malt from an =bah upon General &halm ; shot his and his aide-de-camp's hence and carried away the tip of his fore finger; he had a marrow escape. His assailant wee soon despatched. My awed good lock attended tee, although we had to sustain the brunt of the enemy on our let' centre. Should the Moms meet no on lees covered and troken ground all the chasms see against them." No account of the action of the 110th bee been reastred except teat tontainsd In the "hoja Taws." The only re hab/a facts we can gather is that there was severe fighting, The hots" gives the Spanish toss as 40 killed and 100 wounded, that of the Moors so 4,000 left upon the field and 46 drowned. Ds°. 6. The Moore give the following account of operations in the neighbourhood of Ceuta during the pact work On Wednesday, the 30th, they attacked the Spanish re doubt in force, captured and cc vied off the Spanish flag. and took much spoil. Reinforcements being mat up by the Spa nish General, the Moors were surrounded, but succeeded in cutting their way through and regaining their old positions. The MoorisAt loss wee 60 killed and wounded. On Thursday there wasnothies done. On Friday large reinforcements of Moors arrived, under the command of the greatest saint of the country, and in importanoe second only to the Sultan, the Sherif Sidi-el-liadi-Abdeslam of Waxen. And on Saturday the Spanish army withdrew within tie lines of Ceuta, leaving the Sorrell° sad the redoubt in the baud. of their former occupiers. This last movement, it it bee really taken place, le, no doubt, preparatory to • dreamt upon some other point oe the , Moorish territory; possibly is coenbinetka with the Malaga ' dietitian under Roe de Olaco, which h as been kir some days pantie etourly expectation of orders to embark. There is a very general impression that the Bay of Tetuan wal to the scone of operations. At present, however, all prow Alas* must necessarily be et:upended ; a strong easterly pie, ac companied by • heavy 'es, opposes an inanperabie obstacle to any landing on the onset. Further advice. have come to band which state that on the 30th ult. the Kabyles of Beall:usenet. Beni Orus and U wins, task to iltglit at the commencement of the action on that day ; but that the Kabyles of Angie., with 300 Moors from Tan gier, sustained the brunt of the whole Spanish army, and that, after • desperate struggle, they were likewise compelled to retreat before such numerous forces. Oa the 2nd instant the army of Tetuan, to the number of 10,000, advanced towards the Speatieh lines, when a fiercely untested battle took place. According to information re ceived from a very reliable source, the victory remained unde cided. rise 8. Arrivals from Maingen and Befil Mate that it was rumoured at those pieces that, owing to the commencement of hostili ties with Spain, • holy war bad been proclaimed throughout the empire, WO& world soon bring down to the seaboard towns thoomeds of mused Items, to defend their country sad religion against the Bpenterds. Tiede with the interior wee, in consequence of these .vote, in . paralysed Mete. TM popteatione of the., teem, notwithstanding, sre reported to be in I quiet condition, mad peaceably inclined towards metre' powers. The Post understands that the members of the congress are already squabbling about their places at the table, sad disputing on the point as to who shall occupy the higher and the lower seats. " The potentate whose inability to maintain his role over his own subjects, except by the aid of • foams' force, will form one of the chief topic. of diecnseio• in the congress claims precedence in its meetings over King and Kaiser, and demaada that the modem" be accorded to Ms minister rather thus to the reprematetives of any of the greet powers. The soma serseesms of the catholic church demands rimy nition as &mama dontiotenorn amongst European sovereigns. The question of precedence, which at the Congress of Vises• was settled in a very simple and if-tiand way—that of alpha tur Joel eider—threetens to prove • stumbling•block to the diplonsatlds in the approaching council, whilst yet on the very threshold of their labours." The Post also understands that France has ensconced her willingrese to evacuate Rome, but has at the issue time espoused her resolve to coatings the occupation of Civita Vecchia. --- Some thieves have again broken into the church of the Madonna della Gratis, at Naples, and stripped '• Oar Lady" of all her jewels. The church, too, was cleared of the silver candlesticks end other valuables. The unfor tunate Madams is to have a new dress sad jewels from the KIM. Tae CARNIVAL.—A Turin letter in the Paris Prase Nye:—" The semen of the carnival is annoneord, In Italy, order the most bedbant auspices. The provisionsi Mate of things and politlad anxieties do not yam likely to throw much damp on the festivities. The theitres ire draw , nig kill houses , :very where. At Turin we are gang to have the rivalry of two Fowls, namesake. Darin (hie goy period the Paha. thrones will give truentline, as ens tunny, to crammed hours end at eight sow • heed, of the whole of ow Pianism stock piece., from those of Kollin to the &hammy! of oar friend Paul Mourne, which piece I saw announced the other dey in • pl•y•lail at the door of a marionnette circus. You know all about the Glendale, don't you P It to the Piedmonts/a type, the polinhinello, the punch, the Jack pudding 'JIM*. pun. He ie • Nagy sort of • fellow. He Wks Piohnonteee, not the most elegant of his accomplish ment. I aunt ..y. Al bough three has be.. mach teamed resurch into these typed a philosophic comparison and analysis of them is still is desid . In fact, their do mino are not eusutially difLrent ; under diff rent cos tumee, with or without plaited hair, with or without a meek, whether • Neapolitan, Florentine, Lombard, or Piedmontese, bet. alway s the jioter, the eccentric person of the pine, the representative of the popular good or bad quali ties; he is um and the noun type under dif ferent mums, lees cleaned and leas refined than Pierrot, bat at times more tout:hied and sympathetic. In many French t=try:Ailed (.dl of them are to, and all played tee) the eet poetise( our beet low cureeiseri are willingly tam by Sientorello and by the Midnights° of Milan. Glendale Is In his element when wearing the serant's livery of the farces played at Le Gel 6 and the Amtogu . Then lyir "shun' parts of the French stage, pleyed by one and the rose typical punster, constitute, I venture to assert, the essence of the Italian types. I think the preeenotion of three types his sigu of youth In the popular mind, and that the multiplicity of the Preach comic dress is a very brut proof of the calture and vivacity of that mind." FRANC& Our anal Paris letter had not arrived when we went to prem. ITALY, CENTRAL ITALY. (rum ova vPICIAL cotaisroimisi.) BOLOGNA, ec. 10. In 1816, after the last efforts of the Fren D ch revo lution had been subdued by the Holy Alliance, the diplomatists of Europe set to work to draw up the fawose political map which since that time has been the constant source of official quarrels and popular revolutions. Italy was absurdly divided into as many parts as the dynastic interests of so many princely families required. Its natural boundaries, the interests of its populations, the centres of com merce and industry—in one word, all those consi derations which ought to regulate the political division of a state, were totally disregarded, and made subservient to the dynastic ambition of its future rulers. The first result of this capricious ar rangement of boundaries was naturally that the go vernment of each state was obliged to divide its inter nal administration according to the vicious plan sanc tioned by the great European Powers in 1815. Hues the absurdity of the distant provinces of Massa and Carrara being under the political and admiuistrative sway of Modena, in spite of the Apennines, which divide them from the capital, and the insufficiency of roads for the maintenance of communications between those two districts and the central power. From this factnaturallysprung the absurd consequence thattke subjects of the Duke of Modena were lees united and nothing like so well informed of what happened ' on the other side of the Apennines as, the Genoese°, Tuscans. The Carrara marble, which constitutes the most important product of that province, could not be shipped except by taking it to Leghorn or Genoa, and the citizens of that town were under the noose aity of sending their sons to the 'Diversity of Modena or to the Lyceum of Reggio, and having their lawsuits decided by the high tribunals of the above-mentioned capital. Inconveniences of all sorts and an enormous loss of time were the result of the abnormal stu e thus created by the bleu den of European diplomacy in 1816. As I told you in my yesterday's letter, all these obstructions to the free intercourse of the Central Italian popular ' dons are about to be removed, by the new territorial division already decided upon by Farini. There is, for instance, a part of the Romagna which, by its natural boundaries, mere properly belongs to 'Tus cany ; there are some provinces of Modena which, both by their commercial and rural interests, and by the circumstance of their vicinity, ought to belong rather to Ferrara or to Bologna than to Modena. Some others which now form part of the last-named Legation had, before 1815, been more properly united to the Duchy of Modena. The boundaries between this Liliputian state and the Legations as they stand now are die very negation of that principl e whi ch ought to regulate the delimitation of states. In that ter ritorial division the laws of nature as well as the interests of commerce and industry were totally dis regarded, and the wants of the rural population set at nought. Should, therefore, the present rulers of Tuscany accept the project suggested by Farini and by the commission appointed by him, Central Italy could be more easily united into a firm political and administrative whole, and the boundaries of each state would be those which are so dis tinctly traced by nature. In such a case, that extreme tract of land which runs southward from San Benedetto to the Terra del Sale, now belonginf to Tuscany, would be united to the province of Fork, on this side of the Apennines, and Massa and Car rara, with the adjoining province of Loniggiana, would be given to the former Duchy by way of com pensation. Whilst the commissioners appointed by .. • this government are beady eagaged in carrying out this new important territorial arrangement, other commissioners have been no less active in the work of assimilating the existing law of these pro vinces with those of Piedmont. Before the political events of last May the Lega tions and the two minor Duchies bad no communal laws, and no civil, criminal, or commercial codes. Europe knows enough about the Holy Tribunal of the inquisition and of the exceptional laws which made Jews& community of Helots, without any civil at political rights. All these wrongs have already been redressed by a stroke of Parini's dictatorial pen. As soon as the commissioners have accom plished their task, the Sudinian code will at once be sanctioned as the only law of the country. The uncertainty which prevailed in the laws of this country during the domination of priests, Dukes, and Duchesses, WM both curious and lamentable to contemplate. In the state of Modern, fur instance, such institutions as Chambers and Tribunals of Com mem were totally unknown. Seven years ago the condition of mercantile transactions in that com munity of 603,000 inhabitants was such, that it was only in 1362 that the new code of commerce recog nised the bill of exchange and the formation of com mercial companies. In spite of the solemn engage ments undertaken by the Duke respecting the ancient statutes of the towns, the municipal authori ties had not the power of spending a franc with out previously obtaining the authorisation of the central power. This state of things was obviously too bad to con tinue, and by the goodness of Providence a man has arisen who, in the coarse of six months, has restored matters to a condition more befitting the dignity of an intelligent people. " Our correspondent at Florence," says the Nord of Brussels, " protests against the reports which impute to M. Rieasoli ulterior designs of promoting the formation of a kingdom of Central Italy." A Turin letter says The deputise aseecobled at Florence for the (aeon of the cysts= of Central Italy with those of the fierd4-Lombard kingdom have terminate! their Ist m-e, and what they pro per e will be carried out se woo se approved of. Amonpt other things, from the let of January nest, the antral one tcme administration at Turin will notify every month to the different provinces the amount of revenue they will have to ream. Another letter from the same city nye: The population of Benevento 1s so wearied of the denim& Papal rigime that may are signing petition. praying that t►ey may be annexed to Naples. Their territory, though earroonded by the Papal &ewe, was formerly an independent Omit, tlity hold by Talleyrand. The population of Pooq Corvo are imitating their example. This territory, much sore to the north, is not far from the frontier, end forme pert of the pontifical delegation of Frminone. It formerly belonged to Bernadotte, but in 1816 was reatored to the church. Its population V about 7,000 or 8,000; that of Benevento is rather more than 30,000. NEW BT4FP COLLEGE AT SANDRUBST. The first stone of the projected college for officers tithe army who, having served a probation in regimental duties, seek by a higher tonne of training to qualify them. 1 1 selves for staff appointments, was formally laid at Smal -1 harm yesterday by the Commander-in-Chief, the Duke of Cambridge. An opportuaity was mewed, by the visit of his royal highness to Sandbars; to receive the half-yearly report of the Cotton! of Eurninere. The ceremony wee commenoed with prayer, offered up by the Rev. Dr. CnsmaxLc, chaplain of the Military College. ♦ small mahogany box, containing the usual scroll, setting forth the circumstances under which the bet Moue was laid, together with a complete set of the coined the preesut reign, was then handed to the Commander-in-Chief, and deposited by his royal highness in a ream prepared for their reception. The stow was otat lowered, and hie royal highness, having adjusted it by level and line in its appointed place, pro nounced it, amid the cheers of the concourse„ to be " well and truly laid." The band struck up the National Anthem, and a salute from the field-pieces of the colicre els) greotel this sanounoemeot. Colonel MixDooo•tc, Commandant at the College, In • brief speech, thanked the Commander-In-Chief for having graciously attended there that day. The CIIAPLAIN of the College then pronounced the Apes tonna! benediction, and the ceremony of laying the founds dun ,tone terminated. Rid royal highness and his staff than proceeded to the riding-school of the Royal Military College, where the owlets underwent a practical teat of their horsemanship. The distinguished visitors nest partook of luncheon with the commandant, professors, and students of the Staff Col lege after which they repaired to the board-room, where the formality of awarding certificates to the successful Mad Collegians was to take place. Here the official report. of the ezetniners were read, stating in detail toe relative pro ficiency of the different students in the various branches of their studies, as indicated by the number of marks they had gained in each. Those reports were highly setiafactory, both as to the junior class, which remeina another year he the college, and the senior close, the members of which have all completed their curriculum, end are now eligible for staff appumtmente, the preeedenos awarded to them being regulated according to their number of marks. The reading of inturnents having been concluded, His BoYALlumina briefly addrened the indents. He said,—Cientlemen, I am very glad to be able to congra tulate you on the results of the examination. It is highly satisfactory to so to have so good a report of the trouble and pains you have taken in preparing yourselves while at title College for these impotent staff duties which are so D 800.• rry in an army, and which, it not properly fulfilled, must end in serious diameter to the troops with which you may be engaged. I may observe that yon passes amy great ad vantage In having at the heed of your college an officer like Colonel MacDougall, for whom I have a great regard—l may almost say, affection, for he is, is fact, one of the moat Jaffe factory men to deal with whom I have ever met. It would therefore be strange indeed if you had not progressed under such a chief, who carries his men along with him more than any other man I ever knew. Ido not, however, mention the SalliillAl2ol3 which you have roomed from Colonel MacDouatall, or from the admirable staff of pro ! femora who have devoted their time in furtherance of your ! pursuits, with any intention to detract from the merit which ! belongs to you You have profited by their labour' and their co-operation, and you have come up in the end to their expectations and to ours. The question of education is one of very comiderable do • 4lty. We all desire to see it carried to the highest possible pitch, so that I the education given doss not reach a point where it would destroy efficiency. Yon are book-worm is a very respect able penny in his way; but he is not altogether the men you want for a mu ff -officer. You want to have book learning end all other neoessery qualities combined. Therefore, gentlemen, se you have now obtained • great amount of thiamin], and I am bound to add, practical knowledge to fit you teethe army, while I would recoommad you to keep up your studios by hooka, I would urge you todeme yoerselves an thill, to mastering the interior economy of a regiment and all those minor and practical details, an acquaintance with which I contend is ea menial in many respects se the higher sub jects of study connected with our profession. Don't disre gard these thing., thee, because you have taken honours sod gained a high position in mathematics and other useful acquirements. Don't forget those mall detail., without which an army cannot get on. Someinnes, indeed, an aresy suffers severely from the neglect of the moth mioute arrange mute, and matters which some would think of the very Meat importance may, after ell, prove of mote consequence than all the rest besides. Let me, then impress upon you the necessity, when you return to the service and obtain them staff appointment, which I truth to mem you all filling, of your applying yourselves to everything whin can increase your qualifintion fur your profiestoit with the sante reel and devotion as you hive showa within the walla to this ieuniittiion. Gentlemen, I can only congratulate you again on the my favours..le account have received of your proficiency. The progress you have made must, 1 ant Imre, be very satisfactory to the governor, Sir Harry Jones, and to the professors ; and I will only add that whenever I visit this place again, if I should be spared to do so, and get ma equally good report, I shalt be exceedingly gratified. It may be here mentioned that the result of the last half. year's ompetition for first commimess among the Sand hurst candidates was announced to them before they quitted parade. Twenty-four of the senior cadets had ob tained gratuitous oommissions fur their proficiency; two others, though lees proficient, were declared eligible for coin misione by purchase; and tour had entirely failed to pees. The report relating to the ceders wee, on the whole, regarded by the authorities as eatilluitory. The Commander-in-Chief end his suite then Mersa to town. - The weather wee throughout the day dry sad ►Mtl(ally fine. It is rumoured that Mr. Cardwell has traamnitted to Dr. Cullen and his colleague* the decision of government upon their demand of a grant for separate ednostion.l pur poses. The Chief Secretary, it is alleged, states that govern meat will not depart from the national system of education, but that it will entertain any suggestions for its more efficient application to the circumstances of the country. It is understood that an agreement bas been com pleted between the tour great railway companion north and moth of London—namely, the Great Western, London and North-Western, the Brighton, end the South• Western, to make the requisite hake across the Themee and elsewhere to establish communication between the whole. Mr. Francis Fuller has been appointed surveyor. The public meeting of the Roman catholic* of London, to adopt an address to the Pope, is to be held in the Hanover-square Rooms, on nest Monday evening. REIPItEhIiNTATION 01 READING.—It wee con fidently anticipated that Mr. R. A. Benson would again contest the borough on Conservative principle*, but on Tees day morning that gentleman issued au address, in which ea says Having men it stated in some of the London journals that I am a candidate for the honour of filling the Met la the representation of your important borough, vacant by the preferment of Sir Henry Keating, it Ic incumbent mine at once to inform'you that engagements of paramount Import ance claim from meat theproaent moment the attention and ser vice which, were I free on this occasion to solicit your suffrage/a t would be unreservedlydue to the oonstituency of Reading.' On Monday evening the Conservative Association held • meeting at the Great Western Hotel, which was numerously attended; Mr. H. J. Slowed' in the chair. The roii owing resolution was unanimously passed :—" That dile non mg have levied with great regret the resignatiou of Mr. Benson ; het, having a firm conviction that a m.jonty of the electors will not sanction the pretensions of Sir F. Goldemid, do re solve to bring tomes (I a candidate whose political and reli gions sympathies are wore to accordance with those of the constituency." Severe' canes have been mentioned as likely to be put forward, but up to the present time no one has been announced. DILATE OP TEE COUNTESS (DOWAGER) OF COUR TOWN.—We have TO Sanounce the &Alt of the Countess (Dowager) of Connown, who died on Sands,. last et her resi dence et Edinburgh. The lamented oountess, who wss in her thlrtyfifth year. wits the youngest daughter of the late Right Hon. Edward Fennefather, Chief Jostle, of the Quittes Bench in Ireland, and married in 1860 James, 4th and late Earl of Courtown. LORD HOLLARD.—A telegram, received in town on Tuesday from Naples, announces that his lordship was mach the same. Although greatly weakened, slight hopes were entertained by his lordship's =4=l &mendena of hie ultimate rec mery, se his disorder had pm tialty yielded to medical skill. At one period so critical was the condition of his 1 mlehip Chet his life was despaired of. DEATH OF ?OR. DAVIDSOP.—We regret to record the sudden death of Mr. W. T. Davids, mere familiarly known in the theatrical world as Mr. W. T. Davidson. He had been indispomid for rune few weekii, but had appa rently quite recovered, end sae so well on Wednesday even ing, that he eat up till midnight writing a farce, which he intended to snit= to Moore. Robe= and Bolden, of the Olympic Theatre, with whip eetabli.lituest he had for go, fly been concocted. He afterwards went to bed and slept souodly till 4 o'clock the no et morning, when he awoke with a sudden exclernetinn and immediately expired. Mr. David son was manager of the Oiyinpie Theatre in the year 1848, when he introduced Mr. G. V. Brake to the London For the Mat few yeme be boa contnbuted chiefly to the Arnerimin stage, nod at one period obtained some repute as an &ilia. It is much to be regretted that he leaves a widow and children quite =provider' for. The anemty of his mai.- nee and his lovo of the dretua.ic art gained for him the re• sport and acqualntioni e of a huge abets of theatrical friends, who, we bops, will one= forward to assist than who ere now deprived of the benefit of hie auctions. TAB ABV. !AYES BONWELE A CASE. COMMISSION OF INQUIRY. -(THIS DAY.) . . _ This morning a commission of inquiry was opened in the Common Ball of Doctors' Commons, touching " cer tain scindal and evil report" against the Rev. James Bonwell, the incumbent of St. Philip's, Stepney. The com mission had been issued by the Bishop of London, in mu. once of the provisions of the Church Discipline Act; the Kendal referred to having had lit origin in the birth, death, and burial of a child, the illegitimate offspring of Elizabeih Tomb, daughter of a clergyman la Wales. A few months ago same suspicious circumZumes consented with the coS finernent of the young lady, coupled with the subse quent disappearance of the mother and child, were brought to the knowledge of the bishop, through the medium of an anonymous letter. His lordship forwarded the letter to the Home-office, and the Secretary of State communicated it to the Commissioners of Pollee, who &ord it in the bands of Inspector Wicher, of the detective force, with instructiona to vas his best efforts in testing the aeon r;cy of its contents. The inspector soon ascertained that • child had been born in the schoolroom attached to St. Philip'. Church, as mentioned in the letter; that, with the mother, it had been removed to an hostelry in the Borough, where it died cot suddenly, but mysteriously end that it hrd been secretly buried in the Tower Henan. Cemetery. These fans wire in doe course reported from Soodsnd.yard to the Hafts Secretary, and eventually the Secretary of State ordered the body to be exhumed, with the view of having the cause of death made the subject of • coroner's inquisition. Mr. Humphrey, the coroner for East Middlesex, end a respectable jury of Stepney householders accordingly devoted three sittings to the chatter and their labours resulted in the following verdict, viz.:— " That the said Philip Yoreth, an illegitimate child of tender age, in the charge of Elisabeth Yorath, his mother, and the Rey. James Boswell, did die of inanition, which they find is due to one of two causes ; either that it did not or could not swallow food ; and the said jurors do farther say the deceased was ebb) to swallow, and did swallow, food; but whether sufficient to maintain life they are unable to saner- Min ; and lb. said jams do lastly say, from the evidence, it appear& the conduct of Elizabeth Tomtit and the Rev. James Bonwell and Mr. Ayres is highly cerunsable." This inquiry appears to have fathead neither the bishop nor the public. It left untouched the question of the pater nity of the child, and necessitated the issuing the present commission. The conunfasioners were Dr. Travers Twig. (chancellor of the diocese), Archdeacon Haley Canon De* Rev. J. E. Kemp (rector of St. James's), and the Rev. W. G. Humphrey (vicar of St. Martin's•in-the-Fietda.) The Bishop of London was represented by Mr. Coleridge, and the defendant by Mr. J. B. Sorrell, solicitor, of 60, Mark•lane. The commianion was read. It sat forth at length the oh enmetances above mentioned, and, furthermore, It distinctly charged the reverend defendant with having within the last two years had adulterous Intercourse with Elisabeth Yore*. Mr. Sorrell, who said he appeared as agent for the Rev. Mr. &neon, applied for an adjournment on the ground that Mr. Best, the defendant's conned, being on circuit, was unable to attend to-day. Mr. Coleridge rather objected to the application unless be wee informed within what time Mr. Best had been instructed. All the preliminaries required by the act of parliament bad been observed, end the witnesses were now in attendance, Dr. Travers Twice said the commissioners could not accede to the application. Mr. Sorrell next applied to have the ease investigated Is private. Mr. Coleridge said it was of course In the discretion of the commierioners to bear the WO fa public or private. but be apprehended this application was only made to save the feel ings of the rev. defendant, and that was not a sufficient reason fur promoting in private. Mr. Sorrell said he made the application in the interact of the church. He was mations to have it protected from any further scandal connexi on with this matter. Irk ann. OSBORNE, Dee. 14. Mt Queen, Prince Consort, and the royal family talks! Ned drove yesterday in the grounds. Ws Macdonald !tee seconded the Duchess of Atholl r Lady t Wattles to her Yej•ety. DeleteUs from the Governors of the North American Provisos end of the eatticumutc on the Weet Coaat of Africa yen reeavoi peorday et. the Culonial-once. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of CAM bridge and the Pri MEW Mary will INITO Cambridge Cottage early in the ensuing month to make a series of visas ta the pounces. The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury are Illiertakeing a large party at Hatfield House, Here. The seerellaionen gives a grand ball to the nubility and gentry of We erienty to•aigbt as Hagleld. The Earl sod Counnoss Fitz williani are surrounded by a featly parry at Wentworth Hors, Yorkshire. The Cougar (Dormer) of Medea aid Lady Gertrude Douglas lave joined the circle. The Earl of Elgin has left town for Broom his lordship's Gott la &aloud. The noble serf will ace to tem to Loudon and about the 10th proximo. The marriege of the Earl of Hopetoun with Min Bariserdeos I. find to take plan as Tuesday, the 3rd of Junior,. 'fbe Earl and Countess of Clarendon are staying at Use Grove, near Watford, where they intend to receive sompaity daring the Chrietatas holidays. Viscount and Vusiouotesa Palmerston will lams Sewn early seat week for liroadlaads, where they totem, to receive a saccemion of visitors during the Christmas holidays. Married yesterday, by special license, at Curzon Chapel, Cartort-street, blaylair, by the Rem. kleury Brooke Boothby, tine of Lieslagtett, ha the county of Lincoln, Gone John Wanes, Lord Veritou, to Frannie Marie Emote &tabby, oily daughter of the late Rey. Brooke Beotlaby sad the Has. Mrs. Boothby. The Hight Hon. Sidoey and Mrs. Herbert will hare tows le s kw day. for Wilton llama, Umber,. Mr. Henry Bariag, M.P., end NIT.. Harju, bays mired et Torquey (rota Tinting Lady Illolotworth et PP PROW. The temporary clerks of Pembroke-yard have this week boon examined by order of the Ado:drolly by the Civil 13.17i01 KUSSIA. - - - A lette- of the 11th from Berlin says : Eve•v letter from the Polish frontier @peaks of the nea tened awe intent exieting in that country, us elm fn Litbu ante and Volhynia, Woo, oil the hope. built upon the soon aim of the Emperor Alexander were OM Ihr , WIL Hardly a political oonceinien made to Heads bm been exiewhl to Poland; the Polish pies Is mute; the Polish nobility is not ■llowd to meet atd form any orpaisenoa ilk. the Hudnall; and it■ opinion is not oohed on questions of reform, though far more favourable to the muse of reform than the nobles of Russia. Not one of the amnestied moles who have returned hie been put again in possession of his estates. All that has been don. wart to declare on the 7th of September last, when the hereditary grand duke came of age, that no further steps would be taken towards the fresh confiscation of estates, but evert this proclamation is not respected by the governors. On the contrary, they take advantage of the an:meaty to make suppiemetrary condscationa, th.t are merely done for the sake of enrirhing the general■ and high officials, to whom the revenues of the estates are paid. Tae FRENCH ACADEHT.—A Paris correspondent of La Nord sates that the Preach Academy will be occupied during the month of January with rho:ming a sucoessor to Alexis da Tocqueville. " This election," says the 00.1111• sposideat, "will derive something of a political character, both from the celebrated Aculernician himself, whom It is sought to repleos, and from the candidates who have the best chance of succeeding. Precisely breathes U. de Tonqueville was a political se wall ea literary Academician, exclueively li.erary candidates will certainly be rejected. Ido not know whet chance them is &e R. P. Lecordaire. Many Amami ci.ee, it is ssld , wolf gladly oppoint to the yams, chair the Count d'Hassewouville, spa-in•lsw of the Dols de Broglie, and author of a "History of the HOW." ot Lorraine;' re marksble both for irsasarch and style. The candidature of the Count eflaussonville would be tsr from agreeable to our 1 Ada workl" Dr. Travers Twiss said the her the case In public. had resolved to Mr. Colegatee then opened the case for the bishop—The rev. defendant - was a Fellow of Bramante" College and now held • Breaenoes living. He was married and bad one child. Mrs. Boswell for some years had been en invalid. She resided at 31, Thornhill-crescent, Islington, where she carried on • ladies' aohool. Mr. Boawell was I:0 be found there occa sionally, but more frequently at • residence in the ueighbour hood of hie living. In 1868 there was a family of the name of Wrath, residing at Newport, in Wales. The family con sisted of • lady the widow of • clergymen, a eon, Mr. Lewis Yorath, in practice ea a surgeon, Elizabeth Yorath, and other daughter+. Miss Yorath had • friend residing at Hawley-square, Margate, named Ames. Mies Ames wee younger than her friend Miss Yenta', and she resided with Ilea grandfather, Mope Watts. Early in 1858, Miss Yorath went on a visit to that gentleman at Margate, and while she was there she wee introduced to Mr. Boneeell at the house of Mr. and Mrs. Robinson, who were friend, of the rev. gentlemen. lie gave himself out as a widower, with one child, and eventually he became the accepted suitor of Miss Yurath. In December last she left blergete to re turn, as Miss Amos supposed, to Newport; but so fez from that being the ems she repaired to lodging' in London, Ulm for her by Mr. Bonwell, and, in fact, went to live—to use a common phrase—" under the protection of Mr. Bonwell." She wrote a letter to her friend while in London, explidning why she had not proceeded to Newport, and supplying • glowing description of her dinner, with the defendant, end hie taking her to theatres and other places of amusement. Sh• represented that ehe was sleeping at the house of Mrs. Jones, at St. John's-wood, a mutual friend; but it would be shown that such wee not the fact. She ultimately returned home to Newport, and Mr. Bonwell visited her there in January, February, March, April, end May, being intro duced to the friend. of the faintly sad Archdeacon Williams, of Llendaff, amonget others, as the prospective husband of the young lady. It was arranged that they should be mimed in June. Msanwile it came to the knowledge of Mr. Lewis Yorath that Mr. Bonwell was • married man, and a correspondence took place between them, in which Mr. Both well protested most solemnly that the report of his marriage we. a vile fabrication. He repeated that be was a widower, addles that he should be prepared with a medical certificate of his wite's death. Theme declarations appear to bays mthefied the family for the time, the more especially as he announcsd in an ostentatious manner that his marriage would be celebrated by the Bishop of Oxford. He preached • oarsmen fur Archdeacon Williams, and while be was at Newport there could he no doubt that criminal Beacom,s took place between him and Miss Yorath. Towards the and of May, 1869, she again repaired to Mmes..; but it was mere at this time from her appearance that she ems likely wain m horome a mother, and Miss Ames declined to receive her. Suteequently the attention of the bebop of Leaden wee called to Mr. Bon well's conduct, end the bishop suggested to him that the matter should be made the subject of en inquiry before the rural dean. This Mr. Bonwell indirectly declined, and the bishop contented himself with reprimanding the reverend defendant. Four•and-twenty hour* after lbe despatch of the bishop's letter containing the reprimand, the anonymous letter reached the bishop, uhich kd to the discovery of the child and toe inquest in Ostoter. On the 6th of October, the day before tee toques , closed, there sp,eared this advertise , meet in the the i iota :—" E. Y. W rate me a few line", to say that you are well. lem mill at the same place. Always the store.—J•ase." It weal be shown that the Olif WA' of this advertisement was in the handwritieg of Mr. Bonwell. It wee to be regretted that Miss Torah could not be producel ; bet it would be shown by her mother that shortly alter these proceedings became pieltc, without money or means of support, she disappeared, and she had not since been wen or Mard of. Tne learned counsel having shortly recapitulated the facts of the case, regretted his confident opinion that the charge against Mr. Benefit of adultery with Mies Yorath would be proved almost to demonstration. It the teem were not se he had stated, it was competent fur Me. Bonwell to disprove the Imputations against hint by himself coming forward and a declarieg upon his oath that they were entirely without j foundation. Mr. Hurnpbreye, the coroner, VAS the first witness called. He produced the orig./net notes of the inquisition. MIN Georgian& Anise, tae granddetiob or of Major Watt', of Margate, deposed to the introduction of her friend Toreth to Mr. Bonwell. From the first he paid her very maned attention, end afterwards he wax received at her grendfother's house as the acceptod lover of Mies Toroth. He we. very attonlive, end seemed excessively fend of ter. She 011lle to Margate in Haase and F.-trued to London In December. He never spoke to whinge of Dunnage except coos. That wee while traikieg the pier • id: Miss Toroth. Ile meld to her, "Who , an excel len, bridesmaid you would wake." In May lest Miss Yontth come again to Morgani, and eating dun eke was regnant witnnie said, "Monsen must be a wrvich and a 'Sinn; but I hope be will marry you." She rtturned to Loudon, sad wittier had not seen her since. Cruseesarnined by Mr. Sorrell—She but beard Mr. Bon wall tell Mrs. Robinson that be w►. a *slower, and he rt pettedly spoke of his little boy. Mrs. Ann Robinson, the wife of Mr. Henry Robinson. of Margate, gave similar evidence. Ab .ut a torusight efter !try were introduced at bee base she understood I lir. Booteell sad Mies Yorath were accepted lovers. Mr. Barmen dietinctly rept...cited Lionel( to be a widower. fibs bad not the slightest idea at the time that he we. a married man, or abe should bars looked Ova his conduct u moat disgraceful. He preached at Margate. The eubjeet of hie *aroma firm eh trity and love. She aaW Miee Yorath at Margate in Noy Ise, wh,n she was un doubtedly pregnant, and from whet she mid whams drew the winelopion that Mr. Burwell wee the ( e ther. She paid to Mow Yoestb, la Mr. Bonoell aware of your state r' and eh* said, "Of CAWn he ie." Crow* examined—Mr. Bonwell 'aid his wile had been deed mote than a twelvemonth, and he deemlbed her death to wittsbild. either. Mr. Leierte Walliern Yerath, • *ELMOe pencil/ion at New- Port. in Moernouthehire, and the brother of Mien Yorath, deposed that Mr. Bonwell, in December Ise, came on a Tilit to him at Newport. Hewes remind as his sister's socepuld 1