The Express. — London, England, 1862-02-04 00:00:00

Emais FIRST CLASS sad LONDON PRIZE =DAM watizarrox =4 'MOODIY. 0011311111111. sod 'TWILLS:MI Dalarailralreel. Cavaatiaram. W C Lowlos . This is aloud at •la Me ~dog, sad as eaftrillas a. I Oda*. HARMONIUMB.--NEW MODEL awn; MALL soil woo. I. l•Pat-gred• ghe Opressfs. TO OURILDRONDIENTIL dvortiomealo Wooded for Ibpras - Loudon Ivordos most be at Sbo 0 I. 10. BOW1114•411•St. by Two 0 cWi on tba 64 of yeblicatioo. DATIAABIZT. Tots Imam OVA ANIULICAN COUSIN. Naas MDNM Doe.katoi VOW.. aml Awn ; NiA C. Thum M os Mir. AAd NMI NUINIT AND LITIII DOT SLIM; es, Hariespla AM Old Daft Laggliga Leelsa LW% M. MiIIMMO% Tins trona. TER I2WI 111111011ULTT. -TR LURIE 11004LATIPIL 11r..ed Una W.J. nweitsa—lad wurr- TINOTUN AND Ma CAT ; or. Ilkalennin King tallywebboL mom J. Laarl. illigsed. and Paolo ; Oamillne Mama IT. JA I. Tim Imam SUP NAMI. Norm G. yWm, w. It Deem, ld.w• : Nboo lierbral—riassus AND " ATIZAULDA. ILL P. Maltbews earl Mos Norbert—AM NIMBLE, Oil HOUND TEN CollollL—Orommorain. sanwritm. TO KrEINN6 THE MAT TUKKACL-121 LINO OP TIM CVW. iii & Law Maws. KAI. Los* Newlin. .MChseardle Paadl.y Vele. C. lissios. Kn. W. Psalm& ...Aid TEI CLOCK ON TEI OLLIKIL—Ommoce Oi. WWI WATER AT =Doi SALEM TAO DAMoroba, 111. MMUS. 1111. WI& TO4lllooll , ..ilkimba, Aftinoca, las. LONDON, TUESDAY, EBB. 4. IT is easy to imagine that the Austrian Archduke MAXIMILIAN felt more alarmed than flattered by the offer which the French EXTZROIL has so handsomely made him of the Kingdom of Mexico. The Austrian Empire, before it was cur tailed by the campaign and treaty of 1859, was cal culated to contain some 260,000 square English miles. Mexico contains some 1,200,000. In order to enjoy such a New Year's Gift, Mexico has to be conquered, to be taught, and to be peopled. And the Archduke NIAXIMILIAN apparently is without the means of attempting, much less ac nmplishing, any one of these exploits. He is a perfect stranger to Mexico, its habits, its require ment", its language. He has no money, would bring with him no army, and could induce no population to follow him. Moreover, he would, in accepting the offer, leave behind him his country and his dynasty, in the most serious crisis of their history, demanding all the intelligence and courage of the Sovereign House. So manifest and forcible are these considerations, that in glancing at them we almost Wee sight of the scheme of a Mexican Monarchy which should not be in disaccordance with the clause of the Treaty forbidding English, French, and Spanish Govern. ments to put forward any Prince of their own as candidate for the Transatlantic Empire. Whatever may be the true end or motive of such a scheme, the absurdity of which is sufficiently evident, a comiderable portion of the correspon dence from Mexico, proceeding, no doubt, from outline/ merchants, tends to suggest and approve of interference. The writers are naturally dis gusted wit► native tyranny and tepamty ► sad they look to the role of a (enigmr se the iamignration of a golden age. According to all precedents, they would died themselves mistakes. The foreign Prince whom advent they invoke would be obliged to rule by the aid of the factions that exist in the country. The church, which is still powerful, andthe army, reerpnised and united, must be the support at the new monarch. And what would this be but the old system reinforced, which has brought the Mexicans down to that degree of poverty, ignomme, and anarchy that renders them scarcely worthy the name of a people Then the new and foreign ruler is, with the title of Kin& to have European support, that is, the counteesnee of France and Spain, which are fore most sad sesions in the business. But the repro semi:dim al Oise Powers have already lent their influence to a esetain party and a certain policy. The Church his bees their mainstay, and Mi a.tswe their client. Would a foreign Prince under their inflames act differently from the beaten partisan of the Church What Mexico chiefly wants is not a Prince to rule over it, but a population to be ruled over— a hardy, laborious, agricultural population, which, secure in its rights over the soil, would defend it and their homesteads. The race which can fur nish this to Mexico will infallibly be master of the land. Is there any chance or possibility of Spain, or France, or Austria furnishing to Mexico such a population ? The late census shows the numbers of the agricultural clam in France in marked dimi nution. Spain has not filled up the gaps left by centuries of priestly despotic rule, followed by civil war. Austrian peasants and Austrian capitalists have quite sufficient to do at home. Mexico, therefore, has small chance of being replenished by that life-blood of population which can alone render it prosperous and self-subsistent. Spain has not been to Mexico what England has been to the United States—a mother, even after the political weaning of the child. The stream of population has never ceased to flow front England to America. Spain had none to offer, nor would Mexico have received it, were it forth coming. This want of replenishment from the maternal source, joined to the deci mating regimen of priests and soldiers, monopolizing the one the land, the other the public revenues of the country, and leaving no resource save ignorance, mendicancy, or robbery to those below them, have made Mexico dwindle to little more than a million of whites, with three or four millions of mixed and worthless races. Fortunately for its prospects, Mexico is a high table land, unfit for slaves or slave products. A free and agricultural class alone can people such a country as soon as the obstacles to its establish ment are removed. The obstacles are the clergy and the military chiefs, in whom all the traditions, the tyranny, and monopoly of Old Spain are perpetuated, and under whom no industry or labour is permitted in the country save the digging of its mines and the cleansing of its ores. Entbusiaatic admirers of the Anglo-Saxon race wish to see it people the globe. Cosmopolitan sympathies prefer diversity of races ; regret that the French have not founded a great colony worthy of their European empire ; would gladly me Spain redeem its political blunders on either side of the Atlantic--and yet despair of seeing Mexico revived by either Spain or Prance. South America is still open to the efforts of Spain to renew colonization and resume a legitimate in fluence distinct from old pretensions of we reigoty. But Mexico lies too near a powohi, race not likely to tolerate, and certain in Ohs end to overcome, any rivalry, especially pro ceeding from European governments. Were Spain, or even France and Spain united, to engage in a territorial contest with the Anglo :taxon States of North America for dominion in America, we have no doubt as to which in the end would come off victor. And we cannot but think that the people who are developing their power and numbers along the 'Tiogif of two omens, are the most likely &Wirt* oast all others from the soil of Mexico, end realer it, sa it is well fitted to be, productive end prosperous. fbe Court. The Qum will bold a Privy Coma to-morrow (Wiamal7) st Osborm End Granville, Lord lorediena at the Privy Council, PT. a dinner last evening. at hie essidenes in Bruton.obtost. to the Lord Charioallor, the Duke el Argyll, Viscount Meese ewe, the Right Hon. Sir Owes Grey, Earl Rona the Duke of Newcastle, the Right Hon. Sir George C. Lewis, the Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor ol the Exchequer, the Doke of Sonossist, the Right Hew T. Milner Gibson, the Right Hen. Edward Cardwell, Lad Stanley of Alderley, the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers, the Earl of St. Germans, Lord Steward of the Queen's Hausa held ; Viscount Sydney, Lord Chamberlain ; the Marquis at Ailesbury, Master of the Horse to the Queen; Mr. Helps, the clerk, and Mr. Harrison, the deputy clerk, of the Privy Council. At the meeting the roil of sheriffs for the present year was arranged. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. The ministers present were Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Hari Granville, Sir Georip Grey, Berl Rowell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir G. Casewall Lewis, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Ex chequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. Thomas' Milner Gibson, the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, Lord Stanley of Alderley, and the Right Hon. C. P. Villiers. A deputation hest Marc leadold, consisting of Henry Brock Murat, Esq., the Mayor, sod Jeremiah Clarke, Esq., the e:-Mayos, bad an interview yesterday with the Right Hos. Sir Bane Gm, at the Home-office, to present an addrees of condoismes from the committee. superintendent and trobani conmested with the large Sunday school in that tows, to he Majesty, on the death of the Prince Consort : and also to present a memorial to the Prises of Wales, praying his Royal Hit/hams to become a pains is the place of his late father, who was one of the patrona Tim Judicial Committee of the Prhy Council at yester day. A petition for a prolongation of patent, " Norman vines Improved Railway Axles," was heard. The applies ties was refused. An appeal hum Canada, " Boswell v. Kilborn and smather," was commenced. The Lords present were Lord Chelmsford, tho Lords Awakes Kaight Bruce and Turner, Sir E. Ryan, and Sir J.J. Celaridge. Despatches were isoehrsd yesterday at the Colonial °See from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Limb, and from the Governors of Cenada, Selfish Oehendria, sad the Falkland Wanda—Despatches waft met to the Goternors of Ceylon, Hoeg Kong, Libels, Malta, and Gibraltar. Cams= Collin:Ili --Summonses wen Woad het maim at the repot of the noble Premier, fora esoihnd of the merabete of the cabinet this afternoon, at his lord ship's Aga reldeseein Downing-street Loan LrricKVlaL—We are happy to say that tie prevailed todaveumetie mann respecting Lord Lyn& WWI Walk are greatly ezeggessted. The noble sad memeeldie lead is .seised by a slight attack of gout, but in Aka useposte a ie 'rashest bodily health. Their Serene Highness the Prince and Princess Lateiegis bees Merced to Howchin's Hotel, from Osbaree. The Marquis and Ma:chimera of Exeter have bees estratelateg • sliest party at Burghley-house, Siam feat Amapa the company assembled were the Earl of Dm*. the last rod COWAIMIS Of W esteargasid. Viscount Osatimiemy, Laid and Lady Burghley, How Colonel aid lady ileigmet Lytieltos, Ho.. Goland sod Lady Maths. rise Essasirehs. Bea. Guard Noel, M.P., Has. Gilbert Heather" M.P., Hos. Wm. Ivses.Freko, Hr. Keightley, ILP., he. The Marquis of Downahire is expected at his madmen la a few days, from he mat in helm& The Karl and Countess Ruseell and family come to tows =Thursday, from Iticbmoad Perk, for the mese& The Earl of Wilton will leave Egerton Lodge, his lordship's bontieg-box at Melton Mowlicay, to-mrarew, for town, expressly to dine with the ociessreatise pews, at the Earl of Derby's, oa the eve of the roosting of par liament. The Earl and Countess Stanhope arrived at their rosideoco in Grosvesor-place last evade& from Cheeening Park, near &rewash& Viseount Sydney has arrived at his residence in Cleveleadommos, from Progiall Lodge, Pootecray, Kent. Lord and Lady Edward Fitzahus Howard come to town on or about the 19th inst., from their seed in Surrey. Lord Elgin and family have arrived at Mar miller, and are to embark for Alexandria on board the Ban shee steamer, which has been In waiting for them for soma days. It is understood that a letter has been addressed Is Lord Russell by the committee of the General Shin ano's' Society, urgently pressieg that the opportunity allsold by the nagotiatioes which are reported to be pul ing will the Belgian government for a commercial treaty Weiss Great Britain and Belgium, should not be allowed to poe without strenuous efforts being made for the aboli tion el the Scheldt dues. The neronbers of the select committee of Wool wish Amend yesterday decided on the expediency of carry ing cot the proof of Sir William Armstrong's huge 300. reader pm at Shoebarynosi, instead of at Woolwich, as Ihneerly tataeded. The traversing platform and gum ametage for that purpose were yesterday handed over from thii carriage department, the former weighing 53 tone lqr., Mali* hitter 37 tons Oqr. 51b. The gun itself, probably of the heaviest calibre yet manufactured. weighs 12 tons, so& so amok dallied, will undergo a swan trial as a =se& bess, paspendory to being rifled. • spode on the Amoriosii question was delivered y Ma Odol lo Diakonal , • few days ago. Mr. Oaird moodled igediea hug ewe points of view,—the lower Wm& M bdossiosed the higher one of morality and *Oh Es theeellshated that the miming of the blockade waeYhe fatal he British interests, the more especially ho assmiser with ihe United Staten would close the granaries et es weak sad deprive England and Frew* of supplies of me m. which are indispensable to the comfort, if cot the (shines, of the industrial populations of both countries. Hs delivered en emphatic testimony upon the cruelties of slavery, and nrpd upon the North to make emancipation dm moat object of the war. We hear that in addition to the loyal address from Eton College of onedolenoe and sympathy with her Majesty on the loss of the Primo Consort, already pre sented to the (puss is the @Misery comes through the medium of the Hoses may, • septet* addrein of a like Mod he. base prepossi by the Mon boys, and by such of the ,miens maim as are not actual members of the gooddlea el Ilea Odiega Tirs Piano. iilllo3lllaL so rem Lan Panics Omemorr. —At Os oriessiies of the Lord Mayor, • pabho media/ of Waists of Chelsea took plus in the Yok7- 541 , Iliteheled. last evening, to considm what =mom wadi ben facilitate their cosoperatlos in the reemmial to his Royal Highness the late Prince The law. A. Gerald W. Blunt, LA., rector of Or parish, presided over • well-etteeded meeting. Amongst Ms munerous gentlemen on the platform Ira" irisomat Ilaidd, MP., Sir Wentworth Bilks, the Rms. Brace, Isegesa, Wilson, and F. Blunt, Mr. Drum mescal main. Me el the vestry, and gentlemen of local hsliesece. It was unesisnotisly resolved to raise a fond in aid of that now Is ofa formation, and a committee was appointed to has ths steps necessary for the porno's. Ys W. F. WINDHAM. —This gentleman bra lellersei to hi seat in Norfolk. On Saturday tee appeared be the Norfolk Cora RIZZIIIINTATIO:zeoITnosignAm.—The writ for the aleselso of • vepreseet!tive of New Shoreham and the hoe se lbstatait nes received on Saturday morale( hr Mr. MO moldable of Shoreham. Proclamation 21 1 1:= 4 16._ UM Mat the nominatiou would take plate Imornor prebeedieg). There will not be any opposition be Ole Toy ese et the late member, who comes sward as a mnimitellialitervatlve. Mr. Demigod, mmonipanied by some friends, bad as intmelow with the Lord-Lieutenant of lrelsod, Saturday, hew impose of oonimunicalleg te Ids Excel lency the paiisdan of his dodge fee the foriodatien of • school foe ( S e da;ghters of whiten. Mr. Drenuesed wee meat received by his Exesilseey. who re quested se le with the details of the media ia • written wasissiallice. Is, TVESDAT TAT IN LLIOEPIO~. LA FRANCE AND ROME PARIS. Tuattur. The Moniisar of this morning says : "A foreign journal asserts that in the fifth com mittee-room of the Senate the Minister of State, in the name of the Emperor, made certain declarations in referenoe to the Roman ques tion. This assertion is doubly false. In the first place, the ministers with portfolios only speak in their quality of senators. The mission of speaking in the name of the Emperor's government appertains only to the ministers without portfolio.. In the second place, it is completely incorrect that M. Walewski spoke in the terms reported by the foreign journals." (The " foreign journal" is the Brawls heft pariance. We subjoin the statement to which the important note in the Moniteur refers : • Count Walewski declared in t hen m name, in the fifth bureau of the Berm* when it met to egos two members to form part of she committee charged with draw ing up the address :- -lA. That the Let despatch addressed to the Marquis de Levalette had no other object than to give the cabinet of Twin a further proof of the friendly feeling which animals the Emperor's government; 2. That at the moment when the Nuncio, Mgr. Chigi, let Rom for Paris,a tonsil and written empgement had been , given by the Emperor's goverment sot to withdraw the Preach troops from Rome. Count Walewski added that, in the Emperor's opinion, the definite solution of the Italian question was only to be gamed from the action of time, and must be sought elsewhere than in the Roman question.] The Debats of to-day contains a letter frond Turin, in which we read :—" According to ac counts which I have reason to believe are entitled to confidence, France is disposed to enter upon negotiations with the kingdom of Italy with the object of guaranteeing the security of the Pope, in such a manner that the French garrison at Rome may be withdrawn. The Holy See still shutting itself up in its now posnorms, these nego tiations will take place without its participation, so that its conscientious scruples may be respected. However, I do not think the affair will take place quite so quickly as is believed here." THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE NEW KING OF MEXICO. The Morning Post understands that it has now been determined (with the assent of Great Britain) by the courts at Paris and Madrid that their Wades shall march direct from Vera Cruz to the capital of Mexico, and there suppress the Essen ' live. It is believed that the forces already seat out by France and Spain, independently of the extensive resources of the latter Power in the neighbouring dependency of Cuba —in which she has thirty-five thousand troops —will be sufficient at once to disarm the opposition of Generals Juarez and Uraga, and to leave the allies masters at once of the field and of the civil government. " While all this is going on in the interior with our concurrence, we believe," says the Poet, " that we shall limit our active military co-operation to the presence of a powerful squadron in the Gulf of Mexico, and to garrisoning the port of St. John d'l3 lloa with a force of seven hundred marines during the continuance of the healthy sea son on that coast. This force, when the season grows unhealthy, is to be replaced by acclimatised Cuban troops. We believe that it is a probable result of this march of the allies on Mexico that that unhappy and distracted republic will reappear to the world as a constitutional monarchy, and that the Arch duke Maximilian, brother of Francis Joseph, Em peror of Austria, will assume the title of King of Mexico. It will not impossibly be found necessary to maintain an army of occupation in support of the new government until it shall have derived sufficient stability to stand alone. Meanwhile, we shall of course pursue our original scheme of indem nification at the ports on the Gulf." According to the Ost Deutsche Post Councillor von Scherzenlechner, who is habitually employed by the Archduke Maximilian in confidential missions, has left Vienna for Mexico. The same paper says :—" A Vienna library has received orders from Trieste to send thither all scientific works ting of Mexico." POLAND. The Siede has the following : The Russian government, in the midst of the difficult.. by which it is surrounded, persists h. employing a part of its forces in the impossible struggle it has undertaken with Poland. Heartrending details are published on the eabjeet. Eight priests, a Cupnchin monk, and two boys, 14 yams of age, figure on the list of persons sent into Siberia. The two laat•o►med were attached to a chain of notorious thieves. The families of the victims were not informed of their condemnation and of their departure, and chance alone re vealed the feet to their parents. Along the long road which takes them into exile, the unfortunate Poles have at least the consolation of receiving marks of sympathy even from the Rassinns themselves. At Kern. in the very cradle of the empire, the people testified by their demeanour, when the string of convicts posed, the feeling of deep horror inspired by the cruelty of the government, and pity was stronger than national hatred, perhaps the most implacable of all hatreda• The Emperor Alexander 11. will do well to redact on those sew feelings of the Russian people. The Boulogne Messenger mys :—" Mr. Commis sioner Slidell—that very expensive gentleman for England --arrived here by the Princeas Mande as Thursday last. The stretched weather prevented many of the habitual attendants being on the quay when the boat arrived, and those few who were there did not know that at least 1,000,0001. worth wee passing them in wet deems and cold aspect. Mr. Slidell went direct to the statics, and pro ceeded by the first train to Paris." Mr. end Mrs. Slidell ere now in Paris. Prince Napoleon has just sent I,ooofr. to the subscription opened in the offices of the Sack for the benefit et the distressed weavers at Lyons, accompanying the dona tion by • letter expressive of his sympathy in their suf ferings, and also of his admiration of the Riede in taking the initiative in alleviating them. The Princess actinide also sent 500er., with • note stating that she participated in the feelings of the Prince. A Turin letter of the 31st ult. says :—" The weather in Piedmont is like perfect spring. We bad only a sprinkling of snow twice or thrice, slight fop in the morning and dampness in the evening ; but the days are wares, bright, sod genial, the sky excesffiney pure, and the mountains free from snow up to the west summit." The Italie of Turin states that M. Alexandre Dumas has arrived at Ti for • few days. His ordinary residence is still the Pahee Obiatsmore at Naples, where be is engaged in writing • Wary of the Bourbons, com piled from the Neapolitan archives. A letter from Bedded says :—" The discontenb produced in the public ail by the mild malt of the nisi of Lientenantlfshlse, who Ms been condemned to only five years• iagetewdesed Ise !wig killed the wailer of we id et Yegiebterg, bee ahem MR as lodes sitaissa. ad lately II the thesis. ♦Opal* pine WIWI lbs./W*B4 Sarah^ eeraeged for the Stembedegeo le MI 01 leak dads to which civil Ammo sawed phut velillerg as-► pace. All these pampa were received by Mennileass with friable aggiese." Marshal the Duke de Malakoff has left Paris to resume hi pod et Goversee-Getteral of Algeri► He will stop for some days it Towles, and be joined there by Y. Hanes Vernet, from his Mien of Hormel* seer Ilyhea, with H. Alfred Couverthel, his pupil, both whom are going to Laghouat to reproduce the episodes at the expedition made two peace ago against the Touarep. 'EtVEN#II6, FEBRU. [CA. (111 , 0711611 TELBOWL) THE BATTLE IN KENTUCKY. NEW YORK, JAIL 21. The New York journals publish a dispatch from Cincinnati, dated 20th inst., which says : A battle took place at Somerset, Kentucky, on Saturday, between General Schoepf's and Genoa Zollicoffer's forces. The battle lasted from early in the morning till dusk. General Zollicoffer was killed and his army entirely defeated. Our vie- tory (continues the despatch) has been very de-' cisive, and will result in a rent of the whole force defending the right flank of Bowling Green. I A combined attack was made to-day on General Zollicoffer's entrenchments at,Mill Spring, Wayne County, Kentucky, resulting in a complete vie tory. The stars and stripes now float over the fortifications. We captured all their camp property and a large number of prisoners. General Zolli coffer's dead body is in the hands of the Unionists." A Lexington correspondent gives the following acount of the battle : " General Zollicoffer, learning that the Union forces had appeared in his rear, marched out of hie entrenchments at 3 o'clock on Saturday morning, and attacked General Schoepf in camp. The pickets were driven in at an early hour and the attack was made before daylight. The battle is reported to have raged with great fury until Cares in the after noon, when, General Zollicoffer having been killed, the whole Confederate force fled in confusion to their camp. The loss is not stated, but is "- ported to be heavy." A telegram from Louisville of the 20th says : " The Confederates were in full retreat to their entrenchments at Mill Spring, with the Union troops in hot pursuit. General Thomas followed up the rebels on Sunday to their entrenchments, sixteen miles from his own camp, and when about to attack them he found their entrenchments deserted, the rebels having left all their cannon, quartermaster's stores, tents, horses, and waggons, which fell into our hands. The rebels, dispersing, had crossed the Cumberland, opposite their en campment, at Mill Spring. Two hundred and seventy-five rebels were killed and wounded, in cluding Generals Zollicoffer and Belie Peyton, who were found on the field. The Tenth Indiana Regiment loot 75 killed and wounded. Nothing further of the Union loss has yet reached here." A Washington despatch of the 20th inst., also published in the New York journals, says : "The Government has received a despatch this evening confirming the news of the glorious victory in Kentucky. The demonstration in Kentucky is the opening of the grand campaign, and which will result in a continuous movement until the re bellion is crushed out. This wipes the rebels out from Eastern Kentucky and opens the way for General Buell's grand army to march into East Tennessee, where he will soon unite his forces with our forces from the cont." There is great rejoicing in New York over the news from Kentucky. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Jar. 20, 8 P.a. The money market is without change. Paper of the highest grade passes at 6 to 6} per oent., and broken are paying 6 as a general rule for call loans. At this rate the supply is in excess of the demand. The banks are steadily increasing their reserve of specie, and at the same time reducing their loans and their circulation. The curtailment in loans is probably involuntary and proceeds from the want of business. The re duction in circulating notes arises from the demand for gold. None of the New York banks refuse to redeem their notes in gold, and speculators have been send ing parcels of them for redemption. Altogether the position of our banks is a sound one, and will be sounder still when Congress adopts the necessary measures for taxation and currency. Exchange fell to-day. Bankers' bills were offered at 111 to } for sterling. Gold rose to 2} per cent in the morning, and fell oft' to 2f in the afternoon. The movement in gold and exchanges are mainly caused by the operations of speculators. Stocks closed steady. Panama, 113 to 114 ; Illinois Central, 62} to 63 ; New York Central 7's, 1876, 102} ; Erie 3rd Mortgage Bonds, 91 to 92 ; Illinois Central Bonds, 7'•, 91 to } ; Missouri 6's, 42} to } ; Pacific Mail, 98} to f ; New York Cen• teal, 83} to } ; Erie, 35} to } ; ditto Preferred, 57 O to } • Michigan Central, 53} to I. • Breadstuffs generally heavy and lower. Wheat, * heavy, prices easier. Pork, heavy and doll. Sugars quiet; sales limited. Coffee quiet, but firm, with ch sales of 1,200 bags Rio and 700 St. Domingo. at Freights leas buoyant ; for grain engagements mu generally moderate. of EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nos ous ows PARS, MONDAY Eviurnro. The Copyright Commission held a meeting to day, Count Walewski in the chair ; and it is said that the result of their labours will soon appear in the form of a bill for an extension of the rights of authors. It is rumoured that a large majority is in favour of the principle of perpetuity. This was to be expected from the tone of M. Walewski's opening address to the commission. I cannot help taking the unpopular side of this question. lam persuaded that perpetuity of copyright, while it ' would be an illusory boon to authors, would be an [lncubus upon literature. The private right alleged rests upon no sound principle, and the injury to the public would be great and palpable. The par tisans of perpetualcopyright say that no description of property is so sacred as the produce of a man's brains, and, arguing from this proposition, they come to the conclusion that his heirs for ever should enjoy whatever pecuniary benefit may be derived from the sale of his works. M. Walewski insists particularly upon the " na tural" title of an author to copyright. I take issue upon this premiss, and affirm that copyright is a highly artificial instead of a natural property. In point of reason, copyright and patent right stand upon precisely the same footing. It is a natural right to repeat what others say, and to imitate what others do, and if it were possible to imagine a state of society in which that right was strictly and logically prohibited, there would be neither lite rature, arta, sciences, nor even language. Count Walewski, seeking the origin of copyright in the remotest period in the history of the world in which there is any trace of it, quotes the case of Homer, who is said to have received porridge from the people to whom he recited his verses. No doubt he was glad to get it, and most right it was to give it to him ; but the precedent, so far from favouring the doctrine of perpetuity, does not even lend the shadow of countenance to soar merely personal right on the part of the author. Y. 'ice. '1 88; TheTinmortal Homer mitred hospitality in return for amusement just as forgotten bards and nameless organ-grinders have done in more recent times. la neither Hebrew ' Greek, Roman, nor feudal law can any trace be found of that description of property, now alleged to be the highest and most natural of all—copyright. "Occupation," which even Count Walewski admits to be the great primi tive root and evidence of all property, is essentially negatived by the fact of " publication, " which naturally throws the ideas published into the common domain. But in very modern times — times dating not much farther back than the age of LouislClV. in France and Queen Anne in England— it has been judged right and expedient in a highly artificial state of society that the profits arising from the sale of books should belong to their authors during their lifetime and for a limited period afterwards. Modern society has most justly decided that the salt of the earth, those who are gifted by genius with the art of instructing and delighting mankind, should have a legal right to receive contributions from those who benefit by their labours, that the successful author's home should not be desolate, and that his death-bed should not be poisoned by the idea that the work of his life would be of no benefit to his children. The exact number of years that copyright should endure after death must neces sarily be arbitrary. Whether it should be twenty years, as is the case (I believe) in England, or thirty, as in France, can only be settled by positive law, and the expediency of a few years more or lees must always be, in point of theory, an open question. But the intelligible principle is that the author should be enabled to leave the profits of his works to those near and dear to him for such • reasonable time as that the generation immediately succeed ing should enjoy inherited resources, just as if their ancestor had been engaged in material instead of intellectual pursuits. To carry the doctrine fur ther and establish perpetuity is to ride a principle to death. It is to create a species of property un like anything that ever existed in the history of the world. It would be (supposing it possible for the principle to work, which I deny) to create an un heard-of class of drones--an aristocracy of a worse and more contemptible kind than was ever before seen. Succession to large landed inheritance im plies, as we see by numberless living examples, a reasonable probability of a capacity to fulfil the duties as well as to enjoy the rights of property. But the heirs of Shakespeare, Cervantes, Bacon, Rabelais, Milton, &c. would, if the pro p osed law had been ensetel • few centuries ago, be mere nati consomme frugal —an unheard-of class of men, having a right I I to levy onerous tolls upon literature, but offering no guarantee of likelihood that they would be meld members of society. But the creation of this special class of consumers would not by any means be the worst part of the measure. I admit that the sons of genius are few. But the giant evil of the new law would be felt in its pernicious interference with mediocrity. The copyright act now sought for France must be argued as if meant for the whole world, for the principle of inter national copyright is, to a greatextent, established, and is likely to be extended. Hereafter no trans lation, no adaptation, no new edition of any work, however obscure, could be attempted without seeking out and obtaining the leave of the repre sentative of the author. Who does not see that under these conditions nine-tenths of the under takings of enterprisin,g,oompeting booksellers would never be attempted I The diffusion of literature would be checked. To take an instance which occurs to me : only the other day M. Alphonse Royer published a most interesting translation of the dramatic works of the author of " Don Quixote" which were utterly unknown. It is very doubtful whether the book will pay as it is, but it would certainly never have appeared at all had it been necessary, before entering on the speculation, to seek out the heir of Cervantes. Even the international copyright with regard to translations of the works of living authors, although I do not wish to be understood as denying the justice of that, is • very doubtful benefit to them. Many works would be translated on speculation and thereby made notorious, which now remain obscure because of the copyright which nobody will pay for. A concluding remark against perpetuity is that the author would get nothing by it unless be were—against all the tendency of modern legislation—prevented by law from alien ating his property for more than a certain period. The bookseller would insist upon having his whole right, and would give him no more for a perpetuity than for thirty years. As to the idea of creating • majorat—a Blenheim or • Strathfieldsaye—in lite rary works, it is utterly abhorrent to an age which preaches against even against that limited law of entail which yet subsists in England. The Bonne, after • short period of reaction, closed with great brilliancy. The Bente rose 100. for cash and 400. for account, closing at 71fr. 20c. and 71fr. 450. Mobilier rose 7fr. 50c. The Italian loan continues to be the favourite security in the market ;it rose lir. 20c. The Southern Railway rose 17fr.500. ; Lyons, 10fr. ; and Orleans, sfr. ; the other lines were only a trifle higher. A Turin journal glees a statistical summary of the labours of the Member of Deputies since it resumed its sittings. It Lee held 51 sittings, 16 of which were occupied with the disc- dOll at 15 interpellations, and has adopted 24 bills. Towards the dose of the past year it was an ' Roamed by Professor d'Arrest, of Copenhagen, that a mobile in the constellation Taurus, discovered on the 11th of Oa Whey, 1652, had totally vanished from its plan in the heavens. "That one of these objects," writes Mr. Hind, "which all thegiant telemopes of the present day have taught us to regard as assemblage , of stars in myriads at iIIIDIRDie distances from the earth, should suddenly fads away, so as to be quite imperceptible in powerful instruments, must, I think, have been deemed a very improbable occurrence, even by many who are well acquainted with he care and expe rience of the observer by whom the statement wu made. Within the last few days, however, M. Leverrier has ob tained so drools a confirmation of its accuracy that there is so Wager room for supposing it to have originated in one of those swan of observation which every practical estrosancer knows will creep into his work in spite of all his meow tam." Twit PACIFIC STSAMSNIP COMPANY'S STEAMER Pine.—The Peri& Steam Na vig ation Commay's new seesaw ship Penh which left Liverpool on the 31st December for ' Wawa, en roan for the Paciffo, arrived et that port oa the 9th ult., all well, making the voyage in nine der two hams, including a stoppage of six boon at Queenstown. Her eennmption of coal was 264 tone, or 21 art per hoar, ' for ea indicated power of 1,200 hank or about 211 b. per indicated horse power. This speaks etas few the Persia double cylinder ermine. Tan AOCIDINT to TIN INMAN COMPANY'S STRAM Bur Erse.—As the Twatonia did not rash casenstown In time to take forward the mails of the sect on per the Asia. The Etna, after the c=ontith w t e .lt re e Cheviot on Wednesday imam, sailed for Liverpool on Friday, with bates stem and below water at th e hew, and is spite of the rise and fall of the water is the fore-eose pertinent to the mina of two feet, while the easel was in motion. The bulkheads, however, withstood the e m s en preemie sor mat , sod but • very poetise al the cargo wm The satire cargo of the Ems me teemiipped a hews tato the AIM ship Edinburgh, widely with the Let, Eins pa semen. wee to mil from Liver pool at midnight eipla Carious 07 CoxiimuLas Fm. L—B aroma from Hey West of lith .Lan_Lary i the Casey, saKm under Hagfish alms, was nem the" with • sup el °sum, aid =TO Ship Island. The Yung. schooner, freak Piet 'label, bound to • Coefederate port, was captured off Berwick's Bay on the 36th December. DEPARTURE 0* THE NASHVILLE FROM 8017THLYPTON. (MON OEM Ow/ IN, MONDAY EVZNINO. The Confederate war steamer Nashville left here this afternoon. She was taken out by Bowyer, one of the chief Southampton pilots, who had a punt Irked up to the steamer by which he could make his escape when he reached the Channel. The vessel steamed rapidly out towards Spithead, and must have peeled close to the Tuscarora in Cowes Roads. Her Majesty's frigate Shannon was also in Cowes Roads to prevent the Teams following the Nashville through Spithead. The Tasman will be allowed, however, to ran through the West Channel, and pm into the Channel by the Needles in order to cut off the Confederate steamer. It is expected that the latter will run over towards the French mat, and then try to escape to the westward. It is not at all impro bable that &swill escape byname al her speed and the dark nem of the night. The Tuscarora cannot follow the Nashville across the Atlantic, ea she is short of coal. It is rumoured that there la another Federal war steamer off Ushant on the look out for the Nashville, should she escape the Tuscarora. OW ILIOIIIIO TILLIGRAPH. ) SOUTHAMPTON, MONDAY Moat The HitaMOCia has just arrived from New York. She reports having met the Neairrille about two miles outside the Needles at six p.m., so that, notwithatanding that the appeared to be going in the direction of Spithend from 1 Benthamption, she most have gone out through the West Channel. The Tuscarora was atilt in Cowes Roads, with her Majesty's ship Shannon watching her, to prevent her (so it is believed) leaving for tweatplour hours after the Nashville started from Southampton. If this is the ewe the Tuscarora cannot leave before four p.m. to-morrow, when the Nash. Till. will be completely out of her reach. (1120111'S TILIGIAK.) SOU'FBAXPTON, Fn. 3. The Confederate Stake steamer Nashville, Capt. Pegram, steamed out of the docks this afternoon about four o'clock, and proceeded direct to sea by way of Spithead, seam. partied by Capt. Patsy, in her Majesty's steamer Sprightly. The Tuscarora put to an on Saturday, but returned to Yarmouth Roads this morning fora further supply of coal. Capt. Pegram, taking advantage of her return, at once noti fied to the Admiralty his intention to sail at three o'clock to-day, by which he obtains 24 hours' start of his adversary. The Tasearots, it is expected, will sail in pursuit of the Nashville tomorrow afternoon. The South Western Company's steamer Despatch, Capt. Baal, has arrived hen. She mortal that the Federal sloop of war Tusouvra, with her steam up, and her Ma. jeety's frigate Shannon. also with her steam up, lying close beside her, were at anchor in the West Channel. Tbe Co nfederate steamer Nashville had steamed out of the West Channel, passing the Tuscarora. She made the passage of the Neollesond then stood away for sea with all speed. SUPPOSED AMERICAN PRIVATEER OPP CAPE CLEAR. 001(1, IioNDLy. A long paddle steamer, with two funnels anti three masts, was seen steaming slowly three miles mat of Cape Clear on Friday. She did not show any colours or name. Our informant states there is little doubt she was an American privateer from the peculiarity of her move ments.—Cork Herald. WEATHER REPORT. —gius DLL: -•_-_ MOAT, I*SOLIT 4 • MIL B. LK. U. N. C. L LW. __— ---• Nam 19. 50 67 W.B.W. b S annum ULU 41 60 W.N.W. b I - 51 45 W. r 2 - llama ___, SO 611 w.e.w. Azosossos m • 48 I.N.W. 9r 4 0.19 roarstall ‘" ' C 45 w 0 1 imam . EL 69 W.N W. 9 3 - 63.1.W•ir 51 10 W a 1 soozooraiiii: SO. 41 41 W o 1 unmoor 90.1 u se w le s an T.u.sonu sail 62 11 B.W.Sr 9 9.10 - SO. . a 55 W. 0 1 - Viffircarsrelili - 20.17 49 a W. 9 I - LONDON 90.11 51 49 W. DOVER SO. a os B.W. t a 3011191.0912 - P• 913.3149 90.31 li• 49 B.W. 1 9 -. Mum= rfirlANCI3 - - - --. !ENVIOUS SO T !MOM 'smarm MVO= VIIUSIDAT N.Britaist—B.W. to N., and peal W.BW. to N.W. sad N.N.L, Lx.L, troth to moderate, sooderaW, Way. some rata. Irelead-B.W. to N.N.W, trash LW. to N.W., sod N., ma to EIOEICSIII. &rate, flue. cimerfi—yr.s.w. to N.N.W., W. to N., moderate, tine. - 1 - 6 - 0(61140. - • COSA-W. to N., moderate. W. to N.N.L. moderate, one. h. &Wand-BW. to N.N.W., &W. to N.W. and to N., fresh fresh to modersas, sows rata. to modmate. 1171A111TION. B. — _lh eamocrad and redmed to 12 level each at vertical rlie, magus about onelsokrodth sa lash Mmhes Load wan du t A i lse v eta oft . = Il we nearly tareahankoithe hareem In shad s. thence bulb per evagandisa NM dm point). D.—Dhostiou of wind (true—two points kit of law none). I.—fusee (1 to 111--estimated). C.—Cloud (1 to I. inithda 11, Mat sky :e. :goads (detached) t, fog: b. ; lightning: a. le*? (1 o, overosst (dull) : r, rats ; s. gnaw: I, thunder. 1141116 irtsaes fl to 9). W.—Wet, Minna xmow, or hall. ism last reps* In Mobs, sad docksels. Calm at Me , n I, DAILINO &CAPS /SOY A RAILWAY TRAIN.-011 Thursday leek • men named George Emiusoa, late a stoker on the railway, meowed from the custody of P. O. Bingham, ci e tr i Z near Brigg, whilst travellinir on the Manchester, sad .11• Railway, in • rather ingenious a ar gee = d manmr. It appears that the man load been at • colliery - in Derbyshire the previous day, on • charge of stealing 61. worth of wearing apparel from • I=-Ilicome keeper at Ashby. Whilst waiting at Oatna• for the departure of the train which was toconvey them to Eleavity, the nearest station to Ashby, the plisoner imbued Bingham to take o ff the handcuffs. On taking their seats is the train, the prisoner got into the carnage first, and Wu. his position next to the door, Itiogham going 101/1111111 the other aide of the compartment. Soon otter haft Blyton station, about four miles from Gainsborongh, the prisoner drew the attention of Bingham to something or WWI' on the opposite side of the line to that oc which he sat, and whilst the policeman was thus occupied, the prisoner quietly opened the door of the carriage and jumped out. The train at this time, it is believed, was going at the rate of 25 miles an hour, bat, strange to say, the prisoner does not seem to have been in the kart hurt. Bingham soon missed his charge, and the train was stopped before its arrival at the next station. The march for the prisoner, however proved unavailing, and he is still at Lop.— Sheffielllndeposdent. BUROL•111.7 IMUL SCARBOSOUGH.—On Sunday evening, the residence of William Graham, Faq., Pelham Lodge, Westborough, Scarborough, was burglariously entered and plundered by some thieves yet unknown. The family had locked up the house and gone to church, during which interval the robbery was committed. Near the villa are two unfinished houses, and time, it ie supposed, have afforded • hiding-place to the burglars until the time for action came round. On Mr. Graburn's return home it was found that every room in the house had been ransacked, and the furniture disarranged and thrown about so as to form a scene of complete confusion. The thieves have taken 601. in gold, • geld watch and valuable appen doges, • silver watch, a pair of gold bracelets, several valua ble diamond and other Hugs, and some articles of plate. It is computed that, in money end goods, about 2001. worth of property has been stolen. There are some footprints on the ground, near the back of the house, from which it cep- pears that one of the burglars is either • female or a man of small site. Two men, one teller than the other, and both of very suspicious appearance, are remembered to have been seen lurking about the unfinished buildiop on Sunday ; but, u no thought was entertained of • burglary by the neighbours who saw them, sufficient notice was not taken of them for them to be identified. The police autho ritiee have the matter in band. A BAUiy GraL Bnaarr To Diam.—An inquest was held at Liverpool on Saturday last on the body of Fanny Julia Power, aged 20 years, whom death took plsm under the following circumstances :—From the evi dent* given before the coroner, it apps red that the deceased was • ballet dancer and actress at the neat" RaPliper= Oa the night of the 16th silt. she was in the pantomime , a nd between 9 and 10 ocloek wee retiring from the stage. at the conclusion of one part of the ballet, when she stooped to look at her shoes. The hind part of her skirt lifted as she was in the act of stooping, and her dress caught fire from a gas jet placed in the side wing. The fire was put out, end the deemed was taken home. She was badly burned over her body and arms. She died on the 30th ult. Mr. Oopeland, lasso of the theatre , "- plainest that at each side wing of the stage was placed a " gasman," whose duty it was to see that the ladies an d stational in making their exit from the stage did not per. mit their dresses to kv.eh against the side light. In the present case the man stationed at the side wing through which the deceased made her exit wee I. his pupil: place but it app that after retiring the decreed looks at her shoes, thus raising the skirt of her dress so as to bring It into contact with the light. Be thought it was possible that the light had been lowered beyond its usual position, and that the gasman, thinking the deceased had passed on, allowed his attention to he drawn away for • memo& Verdict—" Accidental Death."