The Express. — London, England, 1867-02-05 00:00:00

A:e A lb a 1 0 I a IV S ps lo 1?) tl 10 1 t; 10 ". 10 u 1: 10 11 io .; 0 10 • 4 1° .; 10 :1 ! :1 1 0 K 10 10 • 1 1 : I: 1° 11P ' 0 I° 0. I n 10 0 • a in 0 a 10 0 00 sovs.. t.ft.; e plechw.e . ; .tArting . 1 uartcr. at noon, y only on TELEGRAPIIIC INTELLIGENCE. (REETLR'S TELEGRAMS.) THE sTRIKE ItELtall . )ll. Itlt l'ssELs, FEB. 1. :it M I it . :4IICM, which appeared :it lirst , i nelled, is now• r.• -.1 Pats 3,14.0 . tLle run ind.lishe.l Nl.,rchn nnus, yesterday evenin g , :in , that ri.th.ri an• 3. l .rancing upon It. , nx t. are bein g massed in that THE Al - sTIZIAN NIINISTRY % 'ENNA, FEB. 4. r"r has a...cepteil the resi4;ithqi of trc h, an.; La, appointed Baton Boast him Prs - Ai:lit of the Council. It is i that emint mohair, formerly Nlinistur .. c ,s,n ,s destined to replace count n in the p..st first aulc•ile-canip to the i..• Frincis .loNeph. - Is.tween Ate.tria and Prossia al treats of ColfillierCe lig :1 ,at i,iactory conclusion. 'I'II}: l'ltt'ssi.‘N (11.1 . 311;EIIS. FEaa. I. he l'pper Howse ale e roved to-day the 1411 att uning a la aall ad 'L-1 million dialers f.w. the con letton of r.idwas. The It bIISC added a reseln ttol he a , t ti..at t he consent of the Chamber dhl he nee, ooly for the sale, and not tar lease the 1 .0. 1 10,11 railways. The bill iu ri me to the nu at,pap.sr reports of the sitthe4s of 7‘..r:11 I:a 1 . 111•1111 vat liatitent then Caine out for all, The fall, tV hada vast Oppleied in detail . .,1111t 1:1911Iarek, %. as rejected by the house. lIUSUARY PESTIL FE. 4, sitting of the Committee id Sixty ▪ ; mamma to the report of the Com • •.1 by NI. Lumpy, was to. The prolooMeS tlw Onieht ,tl.4 trratit x Iwt wee!' flung:try and the Trans .thatt prionices, a ith the view of assimilating thk , re4tilatios: in force with regard to trade, cus- t•. 111., T.LIII , .1, A, indirect taxes, and cumency thr..aglpait the empire. The special debate is ter bid: lied, nod the report of the Committee of Fifteen L e . been nuall) :rlopteil. The day after toduorrow thr t, . luti..uof the t 'onunittee of Sixty-seven will ~Ibuilited to the approval of the Diet. Count Ardrassy is expected here front Vienna to-day. SOUTH GERMANY. STUTTGART, FEB. 4. The plenipotentiaries of the South German fates, appointed to assemble here to consider the subject of military reorganisation, held their first eofewnee yesterday. The conferences will tenni s:de, it is believed, to-morrow. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, FEB. 4. In to-day's sitting of the Folkothing, Count Frijsenborg, President of the Ministry, in reply to a .pirdimi from Deputy Carlsen, declared that it would he impossible to give explanations at the present inoinent relative to tho foreign policy of the cabinet. ITALY. FLORENCE, FEB. 4. To-day, in the Chamber of Deputies, Signor Amalfi gave sonic explanations relative to the bill he had introduced proposing the issue of one milliard lire in paper currency. The Minister of Finance and Signor Lanza opposed the bill, which was subsequently rejected. Signor Semenza ex plained the provisions of a bill for removing the restrictions upon the establishment of new banks. The Chamber, with the concurrence of Signor Scia loja, allowed the bill to be brought in. The Bureaux of the Chamber will meet to-morrow and the day after to-morrow, so that the next public sitting will not be held until Thursday. FLORENCE, Flo. 4, Evromu. The first bureau of the Chamber of Deputies ha., decided against the bill for the liquidation of the ecclesiastical property. The committee on the bill will hold its first sitting to-morrow. The italic believes that it will draw up a fresh bill. The Opinion,: of this evening contradicts a report that the ministry had resolved to withdraw the bill. THE BANK OF HOLLAND. AMSTERDAM, FEM. 4. The Bank of Holland has reduced its tate of iiscount from 4 to 31 per cent. INDIA. (M DIRECT OVERLAND TELEGRAPH.) BOMBAY, JAN. 18, 5.7 p.H. Ib. shirting', 6r. 14a. Cotton firm and active. Dhollerah, 290. Shipments of the week, 30,300 kJes. Exchange on London, Is. 111 d. Govern ment Securities: Four per Cents., 884 ; Five per Cents., 105! ; Five-and-s-Half per Cents., 1104. Freights to Liverpool, 275. 641. CALCUTTA, Jam. 17. 811 b. shirting., Sr. Ss.; 40's mule twist, Exchange on London, Is. II,;(1. Freights to England, 6111 s. These telegrams base occupied seventies days is trans states. f th. ft:ZN BOARD 0 F Diocesanr d E o A . T . ) 11 t i N on . A m i. : l e d it y ester was 11 .7 afternoon at London-house ' • the Bishop of London in t(e ch a i r . There were present the Right Hon. G. .1. 4 orchen, M.P., Sir Walter C. James, Bart., Mr. T. D. the Dean of Westminster, Archdeacon _4•l..ir, Mr. H. Chester, Mr. H. 1.. Hoare, Mr. IL !torsion, the Rev. Dr. J. A. Homey, the Rev. Dr. Butler hi lisrrewl. Rev. Canon Conway, the Revs. Dr. Irons, Miller, R. Burgess, J. K. Kemper, W. Roger., Alex. %/hon. H. White, D. Coleridge. Henry Howarth, B. lory, E. IL Jones, .1. IL Hamilton, Nugent Wnde, A. It. Morris, R. Holme, A. D. hlaclagan, D. Wilson, L'.. Ilumphry, and the Rev. John Oakley, organising l' , ulary, and others. A long report from a sub-oom =ate* on the state of education in the diocese, and the invableness of some obligatory measures to secure the ut.islante of children at school, was read and ordered to Er t ken into consideration at a future meeting. Notice ti the (Arming motion bad been given by the Rev. R. 14 'g , ss: -" That in future all grants made to schools not tin-Ay in union with the board, be accompanied with a 4) .4 the terms of union (these terms having been triguLdly the same as those of the National Society), and ffie form of application for union ; and that the said !er- , t, together with a list of all schools in union, be eu...f.irth printed, as in former years, in futore reports of tit Loden Diocesan Board of Education." To which the fsll,sing amendment was by Mr. H. Cheater, .corded by the Rev. I)r. Irons, vicar of Brompton, a+ , tce Bev. Dr. Miller, vicar of Greenwich—" That the committee may graot aid towards the promo sof education in the diocese in any case where the cir- L tumce s shall seem to warrant it, provided that the pensm who has the cure of souls in the place ` , c the rant is to take effect, do concur in the plica ar the bishop do signify his opinion that such con may be dispensed with." On a division, the was carried by a majority of 9, there being awl 7 against it. The following rider was then 1 .5 Mr. H. Chester, and seconded by the Dean of and carried unanimously :—" That in pane " 4 ' foregoing resolution, the diooesan board has no de tirpsit from its friendly relations with the National I vst.—EPPs's COCOA. —The very agreeable ' r "'-' this preparation has rendered it a general favratrite. ..1 *obtaining, with a reflued and grateful gavour ' sperial ni.le of ',reparation applied, this voeua 1r habitual beverage for breakfast by thousands •• " .s before. Cocoa stands very much higher • • • liassall says. “and contains every ' to the irrliwth and sustenance of the hotly." It • • ;.1) kr.ring water or milk on the prepara ...l , and W' putisets.—{Adverthiement.l AMERICA. (REUTERS TELEGRAMS. QUEENSTOWN, Fen. 4. Tlw Litman steamship City of New York, (ruin New York on the 26th ult., arrived here at 10.30 p. t' t-thy. with 162 passengers, and 29,05) dols. iu specie. After landing 16 of the former she pr. weeded at 11 p.m. fur Liverpol. (l'er the City of New York,ria Queenstown.) NEW YORK, JAN. It is understood that the Judiciary Committee will not report upon the impeachment of President Johnson until the close of the present Congres sional session. It is reported that John Surratt w ill he summoned to give testimony in reference to Mr. Johnson's alleged complicity in the assassi i,iti.m of President Lincoln. The Indiana and Nevada Legislatures havo rati the vimatitutiiinal amendment. The recent decision of the supreme Court of Alabama, ileclarinl that the government of that Suite was not destroyed by the rebellion, renders valid all contracts in Alabama under legislative enactment during the rebellion. The Maryland Legislature has abolished the law permitting the sale of negroes into slavery f. .r crime. 'l'll, , Tennessee Legislature has amended the franchise law so as to admit negroes to vote. The Supreme Court of Tennessee is considering the cnstituti.mality of this step. The Canadian council has determinea to pay all claims for damages by the Fenian raids, and to present the bill to the United States. The 43rd, tiOth, and 25th Regiments have been i i.rdered home from Canada. MEXICO. NEW YORK, JAN. 26. Republican accou►►ta received here from Ven► Cniz, roi New Orleans, state that Is,ooo repub licans are ►nenacing the city of Mexico. The French continue their preparations to evacuate the country. (MO)1 OPR mrret %I. CORRVININDENT.) NEW YORK, JAN. 19. Since the last decision of the Supreme Court in the Missouri Teat Oath case, and the case of the oath prescribed for lawyers practising in the Su preme Court, nothing of importance bearing on the reconstruction question has occurred. People are cogitating over this, and wondering what will come next. I think there are very few men to whom die situation does not seem every day more and more untenable, but nothing will be done until the next Congress meets. An officer who served with some distinction during the war, and has since had charge of a district under the Freedmen's Bureau in the State of :eorgia, has just come to New York, and the account ho gives of the state of things within his jurisdiction is very suggestive. For instance, an armed and mounted party of white men visited the negro quarter on a plantation, and informed the inmates that they were United States detectives who had been sent to search for arms. They searched, and, in doing so, robbed the unfortu uates of everything easily portable of any value to be found in the houses. During the confusion, some one slipped off and gave the alarm on the next plantation, and when the marauders arrived there they found the negroes up and ready, armed with such weapons as they could find within reach. A row follows, and one of the whites snaps a pistol, which leads to the party being overwhelmed and carried in custody before the owner of the planta tion, who recognised them, and to whom they gave false names and a trumped-up amount of their reasons for being abroad at that late hour. During the scuffle which followed one of the whites was killed, and some others injured. A few days later the sheriff appeared on the scene, and arrested eighty negroes for their share in the affair, and in making the arrest the posse killed five. The pri soners were taken, tried in the county town, and while waiting in the market-place, one of the judges of the criminal court came up and began reviling the prisoners, and finally drew his pistol and shot at a portion of the person of one of them in which the wound was sure to cause intense pain without causing immediate death. He tired a second shot in the same place, as the poor wretch lay writhing on the ground. On the following day this same " judge " took his seat in court for the trial of the remaining prisoners, and one of theni who had been prominent in defending his house against the robbers was found guilty, and sen tenced to be hanged. The officer who tells the story at once sent in reports of what was going on to his superiors, but without securing authority to interfere. As a last resort, he asked for a troop of cavalry to assist him in seizing some cot ton supposed to belong to the Confederacy, and this was accorded him. He encamped them in front of the county gaol, and as the officer in command could tell nothing of the service on which he was ordered, people came to the conclusion that they were there to prevent the execution of the negro. And the agent of the Bureau really did intend to use them for this purpose, though he, of course, took care not to avow it, and was very glad to have the whites draw their conclusions without his aid. On seeing this, the latter determined to make a virtue of necessity, and got up a petition for the re prieve of the negro, which the governor, who is a humane and sensible man, at once granted. The officer of whom I speak was, when on his way home to New York, after resigning, entertained at a supper by some of the principal men of Savannah, as he had been personally very popular in the dis trict. During the evening the conversation turned upon the state of the country, and all present were agreed that .* return to military rule was Owe lutely necessary, that society was in such a disor ganised condition that the protection of the civil courts was worthless. The whole State is literally ravaged by blackguard whites, calling themselves " regulators," who make a business of prowling about, and robbing and murdering negroes. One of the company related, in illustration of the state of things, an experience he had had himself two or three weeks previous. His complexion is dark, and he might be mistaken in the dark for a mulatto. He was seized in the night on the high road and dragged through the woods 'for some miles, to a place where his captors found some of their con federates lounging round a stake at which a negro was slowly burning ; and they were about to sub ject him to a similar fate, in spite of his protesta tions that he was a white man, when he was luckily recognised by one of the gang and liberated. They had taken him for a mulatto, who was suspected of having given some information about their doings to the military authorities. In Texas, the State judges and juries seem to have combined together for a sort of legal war on the United States authorities. An officer and two men who entered a house in pursuit of the mur derer of two negroes were a few weeks ago indicted for burglary, but the murderer was at once ac quitted. The last exploit of the State judiciary has been an attempt to arrest General Heiutzel- THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 5, 1867. man, who is in command of the district, for re fusing to give up two men whom he holds under the Freedman's Bureau Bill fur offences against negroes. It ought to be remarked that to pass into the custody of a Texan sheriff is too often only a roundabout way of being delivered to a mob. Throughout the interior of the State a loan whose offence is in any way peculiarly ob noxious to " the citizens " has a very small chance of a trial. Judge Lynch sits upon him in the street, and the mob executes him, the sheriff and the local bar often assisting in the tragedy. Everybody who knows anything of the con dition of the South acknowledges that, if the military were withdrawn, and Mr. Johnson's theory of the status of the Southern States were rigidly acted upon, there would be neither in fact nor in form any protection whatever for negroes ur Unionists. And yet to continue mili tary government in time of peace is practically to set aside the Federal constitution. The dilemma in which all men who love justice as well as liberty find themselves placed is a very embarrass ing one. The most likely road out of it is, f think, to be found in the theory which some lawyers of distinction have already begun to broach, that treason is any resistance to the laws on a great scale by whole communities, and that treason ex isting, Congress has the power to establish special modes of punishing offences against the govern ment. Ido not say that this construction is not a strained one, or that the adoption of any such theory would not essentially alter the character of the Federal government. But when a govern ment finds itself compelled to choose between the pemuss • ion of a barbarous anarchy over half its ter ritory, or the assertion of its authority under some form of law, strained constructions are apt to be made to do a good deal of service. The latest incidents in the impeachment business is a savage onslaught on the President by Mr. Sumner in the Senate Chamber—the severest, I think, which has yet been made by a man of Mr. Sumner's character and standing. But these attacks now produce very little sensation. Mr. Johnson's speeches last summer reduced him to a position in •which attacks on him are as little ex citing as if he were only a cabman. It is a great pity on everybody's account, his own as well as the country's, that some means could not be found of consigning him to private life. The charges against him of corruption in the granting of pardons and bestowal of offices have assumed so much distinct ness, and are now so much talked of, that I doubt very much whether he can, in decency, shirk inquiry. Even his own friends begin to talk of it with less indignation than they displayed a month ago. _ NEW YORK, JAN. 22. The judiciary committee of the house is making such slow progress with the investigation into Mr. Ashley's charges against Mr. Johnson, that it is quite evident nothing will be done towards im peachment by the present Congress. The work will be left for the next one, but there seems to be reason to believe that the advocates of impeach ment are gaining recruits, although the wiser and steadier Men of both houses are opposed to it, and the reason is obvious. The leaders of the im peachment movement are the most zealous and audacious men of the radical party ; the only men in Congress who boldly attempt to lead public opinion. The more moderate men, on the contrary, are nervously afraid of going beyond it, and in their anxiety to keep within bounds are afraid to initiate any policy, and are ready to accept any body who speaks with confidence as an exponent of the sentiment of the country. This gives men like Stevens and Boutwell an immense advantage, and enables them In most cases to prescribe the tests of party orthodoxy, and apply them with unflinching severity. The standard is every month raised higher and higher, and all recusants and faineants are whipped up to it. Of late there is a tendency to exact from the rank and tile a decla ration of willingness to support the impeachment as a proof of their party fidelity, and to brand a refusal as a sign of general lukewarmness. From this the common herd naturally shrink, and they derive s little encouragement from those who are opposed to impeachment. The republican press generally is opposed to it, but it is prevented by the cum:imams from offering anything more than a mild opposition to a measure which is proposed by some of the leading men of its own party. The mass of the electors, although opposed to it like wise, are, as usual here, somewhat deficient in ex pression, and while insisting peremptorily on gene ral fidelity to party principles, are somewhat chary about interfering with the conduct of party tactics. These they are apt to leave toCorigreas-men, except in very great crises ; and I doubt if the general fear and dislike of the impeachment will find any strong formal expression until it will be too late to be of any use. Still the business men very likely will, before March, if the movement goes on, doubtless take measures to bring the weight of their opinion to bear on the house. Congress is verging nearer and nearer to a decision that the constitutional amendment is, if not a finality, a failure, and that a substitute must now be provided for it. Both Mr. Boutwell and Mr. Stevens have eitherproduced or are prepar ing reconstruction bills, the main feature of which is the calling of new constitutional conventions, to be voted for by the whole loyal population—a scheme of which I have already spoken more than once, and which seems certainly the most practical and rational yet presented to the country. But, on the other hand, a good many journals are protest ing strongly against any attempt to treat the amendment as a failure, without waiting longer for its adoption. They say it cannot be fairly said as yet that the South has rejected it. It is true most of the Southern States have failed, or refused to adopt it, but they have doubtless done so in the belief into which they have been cheated by Mr. Johnson's conduct and language, that he would find them some easier road out of the difficulty. Therefore, it is said, it is the part of wisdom as well as kindness to wait a little longer, and give them time for reconsideration. The business world is still greatly depressed, and the dephesion has been aggravated during the past week by the most tremendous snowstorm which has occurred in many years—certainly in ten, and perhaps in twenty—and it surpasses any that has occurred in the memory of this generation in the wideness of the area over which it has ranged. Generally these great storms do not traverse both the eastern and western States in the same degree of intensity. If they are severe in Chicago or St. Louis, they are mild in Boston and New York, and rice mold. But this one seems to have swept over two thousand square miles with uniform fury, and owing to the interruption of communication which it has caused over the most thickly settled and industrious portion of the Union, and the labour that is required to clear roads, and streets, and railways of the obstructions, the loss may fairly be set down at millions of dollars. We have had less snow here than in most other parts of the country, but still the groat thoroughfares wore in this city rendered almost impassable for a whole day, and now, nearly a week after the storm, nearly all public vehicles have to be drawn with double teams. For two days traffic was nearly suspended on every railroad leading out of New York, and on most of them the trains have not yet begun to run regularly. We were nearly two days without a mail from either Boston or I Philadelphia, and from many other parts of the country our only news still comes by telegraph. In Boston the storm raged with the utmost fury, and the whole of thesuburbs are still buried in the snow. In some places in the neighbourhood of the city the children were unable to get home, and had to pass the night in the school-houses, and people were overwhelmed in the very streets. All the railroads were blocked up, and are still blocked up, except, I believe, the New York line. Similar stories come in from every direction. You ; have, of course, plenty of experience of snow stones in England, but there, distances are shorter, the country thickly populated, labour plenty, and travelling the pleasure or duty of the very few. ' Here the distances are enormous, most parts of the country very thinly settled, and labour very scarce and very dear, and the travelling to and fro of all ages, sexes, and conditions incessant. Con sequently, a general stoppage of the railroads by snow is a vastly heaver calamity than it can ever be in England. Herds of cattle, for instance, come fifteen hundred miles to the New York mar ket, and you may guess the loss or risk entailed on owners by having them snowed up, with the thermometer 10 degrses or 13 degrees below zero, in one of the wild woods, or wild praries, through which the railroads anywhere a little way back from the seaboard, mostly pass. And 1 may mention, as an illustra tion of the inconvenience and even hardships which these storms entail on individuals, that some hun dreds of passengers between this city and Phila delphia have been living for the last four days packed together in the greatest discomfort in small inns and taverns in various villages along the road, and were only released from this literally " durance vile " yesterday morning. The storm has had the effect of bringing into very clear and striking prominence the defects in the relations of the great railroad companies to the community. During the very height of it Com modore Vanderbilt, who owns the whole of one of the northern lines, and nearly the whole of the other running from this city to Albany, and manages them both, came to an open rupture with the New York Central, which connects with his lines at Albany, and traverses the centre of this State for some four hundred miles, forming one of the great lines, in fact the greatest of the lines over which goods and passengers go from New York and New England to the " great West." Vanderbilt is a hard-headed, hard-fisted, enterprising, and somewhat unscrupulous Dutch man, who has risen from the position of a boatman on the Hudson River to that of one of the richest —if not the richest—men on the continent, and is, perhaps, one of the largest shipowners, and is cer tainly the largest railroad owner, in the world. He manages his two lines, the Harlem and Hudson River, as if they were his private property, with a minimum of outlay and a minimum of attention to the public comfort. He has had disputes of long standing with the New York Central, as to the rate at which they should pay him for the goods from the West remitted to the Hudson River and Harlem roads, for transmission from Albany to New York. On Thursday, in the middle of the storm, they seem to have come to a crisis, for Van derbilt suddenly stopped communication with tho New York Central—refused to send hie trains across the bridge, to connect with it at Albany, and " shot " his passengers and their luggage, like so much rubbish, on the eastern bank of the river, leaving them to find their way on foot, over the ice, to the city, nearly a mile and a half distant. The inconvenience of this at such a season was of course horrible ; and then the stop page in the transmission of goods at this point, when the canals and the river are closed, seriously endangered the practical monopoly of the carrying business from the north-west to the seaboard, which New York has long enjoyed, and for which Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore have long sighed, but sighed in vain. The result was that) I think, for tho first time, a determined and vigorous effort was made to remind the companies that they have duties as well as rights, and that they do not own the railroads in foe simple. An act was promptly introduced into the Senate, and read three times at a single sitting, providing that where two lines which connect shall, for any reason, disagree about the rates or terms on which passenger' or goods shall be transferred from one to the other, the State engineer shall interfere and settle the difference, leaving the dis putants the right of appeal against his decision to the Supreme Court, but binding them in the mean time to submit to his ruling, under a penalty of 3,000 dollars a day for every day of disobedience, and at the same time subjecting the president and directors to a heavy personal fine or imprisonment. This seems to have brought Vanderbilt to his senses, for the embargo was at once raised, and both lines are now running as usual. But the bill will nevertheless be passed, and the incident has given a great impetus to the feeling which has been for some time gaining ground, that there must before very long be decided steps taken to give the State greater control over the railroads than it now enjoys. Massachusetts has set the example in this movement by the commence ment of an agitation which has for ita direct object the appropriation by the State of the Western Railroad, connecting Boston with Albany. In that case the State is already part owner of the road, but the arguments which have been used with apparently irresistible force in favour of the appropriation of that line by the go vernment have still greater weight in the case of the New York and Pennsylvania lines. In addition to the commercial and social reason for some great and radical change in the management of the rail roads, and their subjection, if not to State control, at least to rigid State inspection, there are political ones of the utmost cogency, but to state them with any dearness would require a letter in itself. WE& 'IC ON THE LA NCASH I Ri - COANT. —So I'TH - PORT, FRB. 2. This morning, about nine o'clock, a vessel use discovered on the Ralthouse Sand Bank (rePorte Admiral Barton). The lifeboat of the National Lifeboat Institution was thereupon promptly launched and pro ceeded to her asaistance. She proved to be the sloop Per severance, of Liverpool, bound from Barrow to Preston with a cargo of iron ore. The crew of two men bad lashed themselves to the rigging of their vessel, which had sunk, and they had been there for six hours. The lifeboat was happily the means of rescuing the poor fellows and of bringing them safely ashore. It blew hard last night and this morning. This valuable lifeboat has been the means, during the past five year of rescuing 48 persons from six wrecked vessels. The Lytham lifeboat, which likewise belongs to the society, was also launched to the assistance of the crew of the Perseverance, but the men were saved by the Southport lifeboat shortly before its snivel. Do Riltitlell DILICIOUS RIVALINTA AltallfoA FOon Mai Urfars l2 + indiguitloo,4 w astaina, consumatz downy, eonsuposioa, pla diantura, ner!ona liver. and inta Cure co. G 8,411— • Hone, July 12, 1806.—Tbe stootaohoom heath of the Holy rather is euellent. dime absadonbg all other remedies, lie has oartined a l= entirely to Du Barry's rood. and his Holiness cannot penis this excellent food too ttlthly."—Deustlann Mier Du BUM and Co., No. 77. Regeutetrest, Diodes, W. lu tins, at Is. lid.; es. 9d. lßbs.. tit, tabs.. 404.--(Adetsibrand.) THE PUBLIC HEALTH. (Prom the Day News.) Tee Rentertaa-aserases Return of the vital statistics of the quarter ended December 31st is very satisfactory as regards its leading features. Thu birth rate was unusually high throughout the whole country, with the exception of Cornwall, where the births decreased considerably as a con sequence of extensive migration of the mining population, whose industry, paralysed by a general collapse of mining operations, has been diverted into other channels in more prosperous parts of England or abroad. A sure index of depression in a community is that afforded by the marriage registers, which show that in Cornwall 2,162 couples were married in nine months of 1865, and only the reduced number of 1,821 during a cor responding period of last year. Happily the deaths have followed the same course as the births, in stead of, as frequently happens, rising in number in consequence of the straitened condition of the people. But, notwithstanding this untoward exception to the general well-being, the REGINTRAR-GENtRAL sings quite a paean over the review of matters sanitary and social mining within his province :—" The aspect of the returns "is favourable in every respect. Marriages have " abounded ; births have followed in unusual num ' " bers ; and deaths, in spite of an imminent epide " inic, have been less frequent than in the corre " spending seasons of former years. Hygienic " measures have been prosecuted with unusual " activity, and apparently with good results." Yet, as nothing human is absolutely perfect, there are one or two little shadows which certainly are not unworthy of notice in the prospect which the Reolsremt-GeNutAl. contemplates so serenely. The upward tendency of the price of wheat, for instance, is not a trifling matter. The average price per quarter in the first three months of 1865 was 38a. 4d., and from that time the rise has been progressive ; 40s. Gd., 435. 3d., 445. 10d., 455. 61., 465. 6d., 515., to 565. Bd. per quarter, represents the extent to which the staple article of food has become augmented in value within two years. And concurrently with this increase there is an accession of recipients of in-door parochial relief : the average number relieved on the last day of each week in the December quarter of 1866 was from four to six thousand in excess of the number I relieved in any of the corresponding seasons since 1862. Wheat also was dearer last quarter than in any quarter since September, 1862. We have only to take a yearly average to see how steadily in-door pauperism is affected by the price of wheat. Thus in 1864 the mean price of wheat was 40s. 2d., and the mean weekly indoor pauperism was 126,753 ; in 1865 the relation was as 41s. 10d. to 128,596; and in 1866 as 495. IW. to 129,534. Outdoor pauperism, on the contrary, has decreased from 788,689 to 758,559, and 736,352, in the last three years. From 1864 to 1866 there was an increase of 25 per cent. in the price of wheat, and of 21 per cent. in the recipients of indoor relief ; there was, however, a decrease of 7 per cent. in outdoor pauperism, and of 5 per cent. on the aggregate of both classes of recipients. Facts such as these are very suggestive, and many deductions may be drawn from them, but none more certain than that a time of dear bread is pregnant with distress to the thousands of our hapless fellow-creatures who live on the border land between independence and abject poverty. To them the rise of a halfpenny or a penny per loaf just makes the difference between self-main tenance and pauperism, and hence arises one great cause of the fluctuation in the Poor-law returns at different seasons. Of course there are other ele ments to complicate the question, such as the con dition of the labour market, and so on, but these seem rather applicable to outdoor pauperism than to the more confirmed dependence which indoor relief implies. The state of the public health during the last quarter appears to have been good, for the rate of mortality, both in rural and urban districts, was below the average of ten corresponding quarters. The exceptional cases of unhealthiness are ac counted for only too easily. People will forget the proverb that one cannot touch pitch and yet be undefiled ; they will drink water charged with all manner of pollution ; they will not attend to the simplest measures of precaution, even when there is no pecuniary sacrifice requisite ; so they I die, out of all reasonable proportion, suicides in fact if not in name. Last summer, cholera had hundreds of foci in England ; it was diffused over the remotest parts of the kingdom ; but the REMSTRAR-GENERAL tells us that its ravages have been restricted "everywhere, except where people " are living in open violation of the laws of " health." The disease has revisited, like other epi demics, its old strongholds ; such of them as had been set in order since the previous visitation have, like the Israelites when the Egyptian first born were destroyed, been passed by unscathed, while others have suffered heavily. The colliery ; villages of Durham and Northumberland, and the rapidly increasing populations of many Welsh dis tricts, have had to pay the penalty which Nature always exacts for a violation of her laws. The substitution of a better quality of drinking-water is very commonly referred to by the various registrars as accounting for the healthy condition! of their districts ; and, on the other hand, ex- I plicit statements connect a high death rate from symotic causes with reckless disregard of cleanli ness in body and dwelling. Neglect of vaccine- I tion, overcrowded and unventilated houses, the pollution of rivers running through large towns, with sewage which (more or less diluted) is drunk by the inhabitants, and the " filthy habits of the " people "—these arc some of the reasons as signed for the prevalence of cholera, typhus, scar-I -latina, measles, and other diseases like pre-1 ventible character. There can be no possible doubt of the efficacy of hnienic measures in neutralising conditions otherwise unfavourable to health, as is shown by the low death rate prevailing iu some of the large cities of the kingdom, while others are mukted heavilyfor their lukewarmness in sanitary improve ment. The Sanitary Act of 1866 was a great advance on previous legislative efforts in the matter of cleanliness, and flinch good has already been wrought by its instrumentality ; but there are yet many loopholes of escape from its provisions in consequence of the divided jurisdiction of local authorities, and of the fact that its enactments are in too many caeca permissive instead of peremptory. Some day, perhaps, wo shall arrive at the conclu sion that the public health is as worthy the attention of a special central authority as any other branch of our domestic affairs. [Advertisement. j—}lol.o WAY'S OINTMENT AND A tooni of Promise—All sufferers Iron, sore”, utecra scorbutic :ttfections and skin diseases, may confidently com• mewl: the treatment of their several infirmities with these healing and eltmnsing remedies. Under Holloway's well-tried medicaments the worst cases will noun LIIILUIC a more kindly aspect : and In the progress of the cure the afflicted will neither be embarrassed by difficulties nor disheartened by failures. A little perseverance and moderate attention to the directions forme" enveloping each packet of ointment and pills all:tenable every Invalid to cure himself: and to conduct his complaint to a successful lame, and he may feel meowed that by following thin simple but searching tnntinent vkin will be made sound severe Guttering spared, and health restored, the (curt. WINDSOR CASTLE, FEB. 4. The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, and Princess Beatrice, left Osborne to day at half-past two o'clock, and arrived at Windsor Cantle at 6 p.Ol. In attendance were Lady Waterpark, the Hon. Emily Cathcart, Majord;enerel Sir T. M. Midilulph, Lord Charles Fitzroy, and Major Elphinstone. Viscount Torrington, Major-General F. Seymour, C.R.. and Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. D. de Hos, hare arrived at the Castle as hail, groom, and equerry in waiting. Sir James Clark has also arrived at the castle. The Prince of Wake visited the Duke of Cambridge at Gloucester House yesterday. His Royal Highness also visited the Prince and Princess of leek. A committee of the Lords of her Majesty's Most Honour able Privy Council sat yesterday, at Whit-hell, on the subject of the cattle plague. The lords present were the Lord President, sad the Hight lion. H. Curry. Mr. Har ris-In and Dr. Alexander Williams attended the committee. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yes terday. The lords present were Sir W. Erle, Sir E. V. Willintria, Sir It. Kindersley, Sir J. Colvile, and Sir awrence Peel. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office from the I:oversion of Huog Kong, Ceylon, Malta, and the Bahamas. Despatches were sent to the Governor of Malta. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has fixed on Thursday, the :Nth inst., at 2 o'clock, on which to preside over the simnel meeting of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. It is to be held, through the courtesy of the Lordhlayor, in the Egyptian-hall, Mansion-house. THE WELan Cuakirv.— His Royal Highness the Prince of Wades has graciously condescended to preside at the 152nd anniversary Festival of the Welsh Charity, on the let of March next. AN ADULLAMITE DINNER PART]: The Karl Grosvenor, M.P., had a dinner party last evening at has residence at l'rinoe's-gate. There were present the Earl Grey, Lord Dunkellin, Lord Arthur Clinton, Lord Richard Grosvenor, Hon. l'harles Fitz william, Leopold A. Ellis, Major the lion. A. H. Anson, the Right lion. Edward Horernan, Mr. Foley, Mr. Mainwaring, Mr. Marsh, Mr. Gregory, and Mr. Doulton. PARLIAMENTARY DINNERS. The Earl of Derby, First Lord of the Treasury, gave a parliamentary binquet at hit official residence in Downing-street last evening. The company included the Duke of Cambridge, the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Buckingham (Lord Presideut of the Council), the Earl of Malniesbury (Lord Privy Seal), the Duke o f Marlborough, the Duke of Richmond, the Duke of Beaufort, the Dukes of Rutland, Buoeleuch, Montrose, Manchester, and the Duke of Wellington ; the Mar quises of Salisbury, Bath, Downahire, Drogheda, and Bristol ; the Earls of Bradford ( Lord Cham berlain), Shrewsbury, Denbigh, Sandwich, Dart mouth, Tankerville, Warwick, Hardwicke, De la Warr, Carnarvon, Cadogan, Darnley, Longford, Liman, lielmore, Romney. Wilton, Yowls, Verulam, Beauchamp, and Stradbroke, Esrl Vane and Earl Amhent, Viscount Hewarden, Lords Southampton, Delamere, and Bateman. The Earl of Devon was prevented by the death of the Countess of Devon from attending the uet. Lord Colchester, Lord Ravensworth, end Lord Feverdiam were prevented by indisposition from being present. The Chancellor of the Exchequer gave his parliamentary dinner at Grosvenor-gate last night. There were present the Hight Hon. the Speaker of the House of Commons, the lion. T. de Grey and Mr. Graves' (the mover and seconder of the address in answer to the speech from the Throne), and the following members of the government : Viscount Cranbome, Lord Homy G. Lennox, Lord John Manners, Lord Stanley, Viscount Royston, Lord Claud Hamilton, Right Hon. Spencer H. Walpole, Lieut.- General Right Hon. Jonathan Peel, Colonel Hon. C. Lindsay. Right Hon. H. L. Corry, Hon. Gerard Noel, Right Hon. Sir J. Pakington, Bart., G.C.8., Right lion. B. Adderley, Right Hon. J. R. Mow bray, Right Hon. Sir S. Northcote, Bart., Right Hon. Cathorne Hardy, Right Hon. Stephen Cave, Right Hon. the Attorney-General for Ireland, Sir James Fergusson, Bart., Rear-Admiral Sir John C. D. Hay, Bart., C. 11., Sir Graham Montgomery, Bart., the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor, Mr. G. W. Hunt, the lard-Advocate, Mr. K C. Egerton, Rear. Admiral Seymour, C. 8., Mr. H. Whitmore, Mr. Du Cane, Mr. Earle, and Mr. Montagu Corry and Mr. C. Fremantle, private secretaries. i We have authority to state that the Queen will ' hold, during the ensuing season, at Buckingham , Palace, five courts for the reception and presenta tion of a certain number of ladies and gentlemen. In order to avoid fatigue to her Majesty the number of ladies and gentlemen attending each court will be limited to 260. Her lajesity's courts i will he held on the ith, 14th, and 23rd March, the 2nd April, and on a day to be hereafter fixed in j the month of June. The regulations will be the same as last year. The Princess of Wales will, after Easter, hold, on behalf of her Majesty, two ' drawing rooms at St. James's Palace, to receive those who cannot be included at her Majesty's courts under the above regulations. The Prince of Wales will, as last year, hold levees at St. James's Palace on her Majesty's behalf. The first levee will be in the first week in March. PEERS xstw AND CONNONEES.—On the ANAGIII.• I Ming of parliament to-day eleven new peers will be entitled to take their seats. Eight are by right of succession, C nl viz., the Marquis anelen, the Earl of Campeovni, Earl Craven, the Marquis of Exeter, the Earl of Kingston, Lord Northbrook, Lord Plunket, and the Marquis of Waterfonl. There is one new peer by majority--the Earl of Eldon, who became of age on the sth of November last; one by creation—Lord lirancepath, better known as Viscount Boyne, in the peerage of Ireland, but now& baron of the United Kingdom ' • and one by election— Viscount Templetown, who will sit as an Irish representative peer in the room of the late Lord Lanesborough. During the recess one peerage has become extinct, viz., the barony of Ponsonby. The least election of a member of the House of Commons during the present rectum took place at Armagh on Wed nesday, by the unopposed return of Mr. Vance. The fol lowing is a eompletelist of new M.P.e, eleven in number, to take the oaths this afternoon:—Mr. J. B. Bowen, I for Pembrokeshire, in the room of Mr. Lort Phillips, I deceased; the Hon. A. W. Oast, for North Shropshire, ' in the room of Major C. W. Cunt resigned ; Mr. Ile la Peer, for Waterford, in the room of the Earl of Tyrone, now Marquis of Waterford; Captain Douglas• Pennant, for Carnarvonshire, in the room of Colonel Douglas ! Pennant, now Lord Petirhyn ; Mr. Garth, Q.C., for Guildford, in the room of Sir W. Bovill, now Lord Chief C Justice of the Court of Common Pleas ; Mr. Hovel Gwyn, for Brecknock, in the room of the Earl of Brecknock, now the Marquis camden ; Mr. A. Kavanagh, for Wexford, is the room of Mr. George, now a judge in the court of Queen& Bench in Ireland ; Mr. Lsnyon, for Belfast, in the room of Sr Hugh Cairns, now a Lord Justice of Appeal in Chancery ; Mr. Jervoise Smith, for Falmouth, in the room of the Hon. T. G. Baring, now Lord Northbrook ; Mr. Vance, for the borough of Armagh, in the room of I Mr. Miller, now a judge of the Court of Bankruptcy and ' Insolvency iu Ireland ; and Captain White, for Tipperary, in the room of Mr. J. B. Dillon, deceased. These changes have been caused by four elevations to the peerage, four appointments to judgeships, two deaths, and one resig. nation. There is a twelfth member who will be sworn in, namely, Sir John Holt, the Attorney-General for England, on his re-election fur West Gloucestershire. Of the twelve, nine are conservatives and three are liberals. The conservatives gained a seat at Brecon, through the election of Mr. Hovel Gwyn in succession to Lord Bieck. nook, but they lost one in Waterford by the substitution of Mr. de la Peer for the Karl of Tyrone. The balance of parties has not, therefore, been altered throughout the recess. Of the eleven new members, seven will cit for constituencies in which contests Lave taken place. These are Belfast, Ilrecknock, Falmouth, Guildford, Tipperary, Waterton', and Wexford. Four have returned their re ' presentatives without opposition, namely, Armagh, Car narvonshire, Pembrokeshire, and North Shropshire. The number of elections in Ireland has been live, in England three, and is Wales three. There are now six vacant seats—Dublin l'iliversity, through the elevation of Mr. Walsh to the Mastership of the Rolls in Ireland, and for which Mr. Chatterton, the Irish Solicitor-General, has offered himself ; Galway borough, through Mr. Morris having accepted the office of Attorney-General for Ireland, and for which be is likely to be returned unopposed ; North Northampton. shire, through lord Burghley having succeeded to the peerage as the Mstquis of Exeter ; fork county, through the death of Mr. Barry ; East Suffolk, through the resignation of Sir E. C. Kerrison ; and Colchester, through the resignation of Mr. Taverner Miller. When these vacancies are filled the house will still be four short of its proper number, through the unseating of Messrs. Fen wick' Gower, Fender, and Schneider. The liberal party thus loses four votes, but this is counterbalanced by their having gained two seats since the general election. That is to say, they have won six and lost four. During the six years' parliament, from 1859 to Dail. the conservatives gained twentpfour seats, or an average of four every year.— Western Al"rwiny Nom CRYSTAL PALACE. ONE SHILLING DAlr. Fee. 4. Admission. on payment, Bi 4 ; ditto, by season tickets, 644. Total !Was, 1,4115. e r r uO.l rter thu NAN 111111 ny [4 ut ly, Lec tea. rove. Leker 1 to acme. .tt Toner the alas to the ;o his ch in unity. would same rAgon. 111111' LI t•.MII t) 111.4 I •y nor ffin tl 1,41: t and oists .: 'uff) '~,, %_, a .11 , 11 It Ile t et: Ark k A ,1110F3 t Imo loUt :1L ND a 10 $ 10 S 10 7 10 t; ;: ; I k . 10 in 7 a 10 la 7 a IQ 10 • ~~ ~ .i ~~ ~ : w • 6 10 0 $ 10 'I? ' , 1 1 i,l I' r. 1 1!