The Express. — London, England, 1849-07-07 00:00:00

lemur caves or handier efts should be required in port of the prison discipline. 'lb wah a clew to punishment awell no teformation, evil senro tion with I hour should in proper cm •oe effected, but not doer ecsainemint. unte-s for pylon °gimes and for abort period. ot time. that both with a view to economy sod to tomidosot. dete" kn O and reforming, it is espedient to award time sentences with compel. wry Libor indeat of time sentences on d y. and to melte the durstion of iramisonment and the quality of diet depend upon ths prisoner's conduct and the amount of his labour, due rived Wing bad to ffiMe , - wee of ors, , and pereeMb. That in prisons dee attention should be always phis to yell tosau.kand mewl Women" end a prover Prowls" of wow kcal That as in an mesons the the' of demob more on the Red aed knowtedes of oaken dean m is rules and ssechuical wo ogemenes, u le of the high" "au"' to °elect each sleeve with g red ewe, and so to rentwatime them as to command the most efficient femme. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE mid that his noble and teemed friend hal not overstated the importance of the sub• ject to which he thought fi t to call the attention of the houth, Rev unfortunately had he overstated the diffleulties which accompanied it. And it wee, perhaps, a sufficient proof of these OA:allies, that for now three quartets of a century — free tie period when the illustrious Howard first acquired that repot sties wbieh still attached tv big name—when he endue.. k what Mr. Burke called " that circumnavigation of cearity " in which be laid bare the 'bun of the prison spite m %high then press led—the attention of the country hal, been constantly directed to this subject, and the nee s ilty et legislation and of en improved adminioration of the prison. recognised, and that during all that time so grea blame could be said to bare attached ei her to the crown or the legislature, or to thee' pert.re who both in and out of parliament bad I peeve I melees moms on the &mei en of the public for I sot bevies me ye t found one to satisfy the wishes of the sole meshy is tbs. particular department. He, in mammon with Maim, had Ms attention celled at various times to the &feels el s mining systems ; bat he had never men that eyelets of which it 'plea emelt limey be said that it had succeeded in attaining the greet object which it is the duty of all Maids eon to took In erennezion with this subject Bat their of rig during the period he bed mentioned were not entirely um lees. insomuch as certain conclureas bad been arrived at, which would lay the foundation of somethith like en ex perimental science. which might be succeratully applied in blare testes. With roped to the resolutions of the o nble lor there wee m uch in them of which he entirely opprneed, and d, la which he weditlly concurred, though pm- ' hap. eimmeed la torus stronger than he should have thought it r phi 10 employ The two first resoloti ots applied to the clarification of effendi's, and the newel . yof enfsming it. He minuted the importance of classificatioa ex far as it could be stubbed, bet hie objection to it was founded on his hetf that it wee ispeesible to obtain a perfect system f elemi&a ion is so y . other mode than by that of a sepsis o !' sittslof each individual. (Beer.) Were persons who eises toms the same crime to be clamed together ? Bat per- Was el the most abandoned character, and others who had severlea vigil/ of an cases. eccePt in this Particular iestance, mirth& be ism:Mimed for the same crime. (Bear, beer. j Would it be right to put thus together? Was it to be • clmsificatioa of age? But here main Peaces of every age might be guilty of the mine crimes. (Hear) athificatim by sex was liable to the objection that the young would be contaminated by **old. He wee of opinion that any either classification than that of separate sent must be abandoned ; and he was hippy to say that this ',stem prevailed • ant only in the model prison at Pentonville, which he inspected himself in essapany site an illustrious foreigner, the Duke de Broglie, who waste satiefl d with the system, that he had been since summed In introducing it into Fiance, but that it had been Introduce I into 50 or GO other prisons in this country, and, as he believed, with success. It must not be eel:teased that the senate system wee applied in every particular case. Work wee also supplied to the prisoners—to the industrious es asp- cies of solace, and to thou who were not industrious es a punishment, in order to deter from the trommiesion of crime. Tue c including resolutions of his noble and learned friend mewed to him to be at variance with the principle which he tail down in the 4th, namely, that the prisms thoold be made a place of terror, in Wm to dett r from the commission of crime. That seemed to him (the Marquis of Linedowne) to be the inundation of all prison discipline, for if limy did rot make the prison a piece of terror, they must fail entirely in the object they had in view. Tears could be no doubt that the amendment of the criminal was • desirable object ; but, in his opinion, there was • primary object which should take penedence of that —mar ly, to mike the punishment such as would deter per sons from the CO2IIIIWIMOU of crimes which would subject them to that punishment, becalm*, whilst the restoring of indivi dual. to the path of virtue could only apply to hundred*, or at the most to thousands, the principle of der g from crime would apply to millions. When the criminal wee mobjectod to that puni•lonent of separate confinement for • sell, wet time he would be removed from it, but his lo pes nicest would be prolonged for ooze time longer, in order that those palliatives which might improve the mind of the prisoner, and repo.: him fur hie return to society, night be applied. This syst-m was now adopted in amity prisons, and he hoped that the time was not din thot who ea it would be uniformly practised. After the separate confinement had been g no through, the prisoners would, under certain circumstances, be employed on public works and other memos of reformation such as his noble friend suggested wonid be used. Hu% he thought the suggestions of hie noble friend anplied rather to the atcondasy siege of punishment, and not to the fl-st, (Hear, hear.) The amount of punish ments for oflenees committed in the prison was infinitely less tower the separate system of confinement than under any other. Not one-fourth or ene-fifth of the persons who were under the separate system received ouch additional punish let tat, whereas in other prisons the number of punisher ore -ea'ly exceeded the number of prisoners. Every 01110 of thew poresbneests tented to atop the progress of reform, foe thee ten-le dto summate the mind of the pris nier, whereas end , r the separate system the mind was kept ia that state in which they could afterwards work for the purpee eof effecting a complete reform. Thin was in itself a greet be weir, but the value of the separate system emu still forth r proved by the fact that—although he admicted suffi. Mem time had nut elapsed to justify a decided conclusion — the recommittal., where that system prevailed, were fewer than were it did net. (Hear. hear.) It in the progress of time the was found to be cue, it would bee most satisfactory proof of its success. But he could SWUM their lordship' that the subject would attract, as it had attroctod, the atten tion of the government. He would only refer to moodier sub ject, Lamely the subject of the prim nets' food, and on that point he agreed with his noble and learned friend, that it woe desinthei thatthe food should be kept down as low as wee connivent with the health of the prisoners. Hear, hear ) In many comities the food given was something like a luxury, and the accoents spread of it by prisoners when they elms cut ot pa I were such that they attracted persons of sensual sod profligate character to commit crimes for the purpose of enj eying it. (Hear ) His tight hon. frieod wasnow instituting inquiries en thisauttject, and whilst everything would be done that was consiotenit with humanity en the one hand, on the other the principle of • just severity in respect to the deterring hem crime would be adhered to. He did not wish to meet the resolutions of his noblt and learned friend with a detect negative. He should therefore ocly move the pre vious qoesticn if his noble and learned friend pressed hie reselutions, which he hoped he would not do. (Hear.) Ater a few words in explanation from Lord BROUGHAM, The Earl of CHICHESTER said that the want of a uniformity of system and of • controlling power wee greatly to be reeretted, sad although the right honourable gen tleman (Sir O. Orgy) made meat efforts fur this purpose he did not tt ink it meld be effected without a comprehensive set of parliament. He entire ly concurred with the noble and learned lord opposite that there ought to be a different system for juvenile and adult offenders. With regard to the emirate system—it moat be recollected thst it was adopted many years ego, after a thorough investigation, end after the gommement had ample opportunity of seeing low it worked in the United States, from the able report of the 'enamel& who had been seat out tn that country. The real object of prison discipline Wee, fine, its deterring effect, and, seeond.y, its Weaning effect. They all knew what the consequences of the old system were. Now, as to the effect of the separate system upon convicts, he could tell their lordships, upon the very best authority, that it was most salutary. He trusted, and most sincerely hoped, that whatever changes might be introduced, advantage would be taken of the experience they had already had, and he felt cowhand that no system of imyrisonetent could suc ceed unless, is the first instance at least, there was complete esparation. The B of OXFORD thought the remarks made by Reply lords daring the debate called se/dolly for • few ob megaliths from him. Reference bad been made to the Reading Om I and the discipline adopted in that establish lathe The tae's spp-and in the vapors upon their lord ships' table, and he tbnught the readmits who emducted that gaol, and edits had intimated themselves for the im provement of the prisoners in it, were entitled to the marked thanks and approval of the country. It appeared try the evidence of the witnesses examined before the committee that the pris mem were mineipally employed In sn.dy. Not merely that they were taught to read or write, but that they au tied and were taueht such truths as not only prevented them from sinking from the con'aminating influence of their sesneiates, but improved their minds, rendered them better ei 'zone and reimd them considerably in a social and moral point ("view. Hs believed the system of solitary ethfiem sent was one of the most severe that could be. It had the most terrifying effects on those who experienced it. The Earl of HARROWBY sai 1 that having had omen vulture of observing the working of the separate system at I Pentonville and in the county of Stafford (with which he NU connected), he could bear testimony to the sillily of the eyries It bad been in operation in Staffordshire now, for two years and • half, and it had worked extremely well. Ho hoped sincerely it would be introduced into parts of the country where it wee not now used. Lord BROUGHAM briefly replied. Them wee, in polite of fats, no Oar rev ea whatever between himself and his noble ' friends when they came to uuderemnd each other. He had act the least doubt about the edelweisse of the septette system, when implied in its proper siege, sod amongst the pones , clue. They could not put untried prisoners in soli tary cells. A noble LORD—Ob, It is done. L-rd BROUGHAM—WeII then, if it is, it is quite wrong. To put untried prisoners, who limy be to tally guiltless and innocent of the charges alleged against them, into separate Dells is wholly nojustiiiable. I thought such things might be dose upon the other side of the than mil but it now appears done upon this side. After the statements which bat been elieited in the discussion of that evening, he would not farther death Roble lord., but, with the leave of the I our-, should with draw his resolutions. (gear, bear.) In doing ee he would add, that be most willingly left the aubj• ot is the heads of his noble Mend. being perfectly saii.li from the 'push which their lordship, bad beard from that Loh)* lend, that the matter could not be in better or abler buds. The neolittlass were withdrawn accordingly. AUDIT OF RAILWAYS ACCOUNTS BILL. • On the bringing up of the report on the amendments on this bill, A Nooks Para said that he had prepared an amendment to the 21st clause of the bill, which he considered to be of some importance, and with a ropy of which be had 'tar nished the noble lord opposite (Lord !doter egle). IJader etending, however, that it was deemed very expedient that the program of the bill through the house should not be impeded, he was willing to waive bringing forward the amendment in question, provided that the noble lord would assure him that there would be no objection to its being brought forward in committee on the bill in another place. Lord MONTBAOLB begged to express tie obligations to the noble lord toe the manner iu which he bed put the subject of this amendment to their lordships. On his part, he had era& pirmeem in being enabled to state that, having pet himself la eirmutinication with his noble friend the Vice President of the Board of Trade on this matter, he found that there would be no objection to this amendment being introduced is the way and on the occasion referred to by his noble friend. It nasals° hie intention to have another claw* introduced into the bill, in like manner, uuder which the railway oomthesion woul (sow a power tif varying, at their discretion, the times fired sod specific) at which railway conthanks should be re quired to make up their aceounti, Is order to their being puoliely submitted to audit. ( Hear ) ) This would prove, be trusted, a means of frovidieg additional smartly and protection to shareholders sad the public in general, and an effrosive check upon the (stare miaow inent or direction of these railway. The report having been read, the bill was read a third time and gamed. The Burl of HARROWBY, on moving the second reed theof the Drawly of B•tates Bill, begged to ohs. rye, on pert of a noble duke who had requested him to move their lordships to give it a wend reading (in the absence of that noble duke la the country on quarter sessions bu-i -sass), that it was his grace's intention runt week to submit various amendmtuts to their lordships, on the bill going iota committee. The bill was read a secrnti time accordingly, and their lordships adjourned. ROUSE OF COMMONS.—FILIDAY, JULY 6. The SITAILIi took the chair at 12 o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. SECOND READING.—EoyaI Pavilion (Beghton) Bill. THIRD READING.—Louth Markets and Improve. meats Bill. LORDS' AMENDMENT; CONSIDERED.—Eat Lo thian Centel Railway (abandonment of the railway and dissolution of the company); Stirewsbury and Chester ELI. way (for branches to the river ; sgreemect for joint station at Shrewsbury; (um? to subscribe towards the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway) ; Torquay Market ; Bills. PUBLIC BUSINESS. PETITIONS PRESENTED. PROTECTION TO WOMEN BILL.—By Lord A. E. BILL and Mr. WADDINGTON, tram various places in Suffolk, in favour of this bilL RIMS REGULATIONS (IRELAND). —By Mr. REY NOLDS, from the distillers of Dublin, complaining of the excise es gulatioie. ATTAIEE or Roan.—By Mr. ROEBUCK, from Shef field, against the French interventon in the attain of Rome. Buza-aocess.—By Mr. GLADSTONE, from the pa riehioners of St. Paul's, Liverpool, praying that no new licenses may be granted to beer-h• uses, and that, those already gra4ted may Expire with the meant holders. POOR RELIEF BILL. On the order of the day latiog read for sl.ssidering this bill u amended M the committee, Sir G. GREY moved that the following clause originally suggested by Mr. Nepier, be learned in the hill. And telt enacted that when any rate for the re:ief of the poor shall be made after the wring of this act, it shall not be lawful to corn seem my roceeding for th.• recovery of any arrear thereof agai..st say peon not o cherl to pay the same, uniew within the period al two years nest the making and putuiabing of the said rate. Kr. S. CRAWFORD then moved the insertion of a clause to the effect — That so much of an set already pawed and in operation for the more effectual relief of the poor in Ireland, as provided that whenever the net annual value of the whole of the rateable property occupied by are person in any union *hall not meted tire pont Is, the rate on such property @hellbent tde on the imnudiate imam. be repealed. He was not at all deiirrais to estahlish the principle that persons not paupers should be exempt from paying rates. He did not make the proposition out o: any favouri.imi to land lords, he proposed a repeal of the law because he thought it acted most detrimental to the ()our, who suffered from evic tions which were encouraged by the law as it stood. After a few words Dom Mr. P. SCRAPE and other hon. members, Sir G. GREY admitted that the elaum had bern pro. ductive of very great evils, but at the urns time it appeared to ham that they should be careful in mak.ng any alteration, lest they may increase those evils. Mr. Twisleton was of opinion that, on the whole, it was bet er to get the rate from the immediate lea' or He (Sir G. Grey) thought that the house would be very unwise to con sent to the repeal of t: e tx sting clause. as it would endanger the collection of • large &meant of rates. After a few words from Sir Lucius O'Batet in fay tar of the motion of the hon. member for R chdale, Lard J. RUSSELL said that he hord that the house would come to • division en %hi , question awn. He was of opinion that two vei y serious evils would midi from the re peal of the clause which elided in the set of pirltanient, one would be that there would be a much less sum fur the relief of the poor, owing to the difficulty of collection, aced the other that there would be • much greater chance of their having frrquilt collisions between the peasantry and the armed force in Ireland which would be brought out to enfant. the collection of Vie rate, For these reasons he thought it safer to leave the clause u it stood in the act of parli'.ment than to adopt the proposition of the hon. member for Rochdale. Mr. J. O'CONNELL acid that this question was attended with very great ditiLmlre, and suggested that the hon. mem ber tor Rochdale should withdraw his motion, i: the voile lord (J. Kugel]) promised to take the matter into consieers ties. If it were pressed to a division he should give his vote in its favour. After • few wor.h from Mr. 8. CRAWFORD, the house divided — For the clause Against it 55-30 . . . The isitien yes weediest, loss. Sir R.PERGUSON moved a elates to the effect— Test as sere as the guardians of any anion shall have received from the 001011111401itra 01 valuation the wduatinn of all the town lands situate in any electoral division of each union all rates there alter to be made on 'orb divhion shall he made accordiog to such valuation, until revised, with a provision that all estahishments, theme, he., shall be chargeable on such electoral divisions, according to the net enema value of the rateable property therein, previous to, and only until, the time such valuation shall have been received from the commissioners. Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that he wen not help thinking that this clause would lead to very great embar rassment and confusion, as there was every desire en the part of the government to facilitate general valuation. The clause was then withdrawn, On the motion of Mr. Banison the following proviso was added to clause A : Peereed aim, that where any person chargeable to any electoral riblendrll have received relief, and shall cease to be relieved. and shalltbammillse.within the period of twelve month. ' again begin to Nola vellef, Sea last-mentioned relief shall be chargeable on the simisral Arbon to which such person was in the tint butanedmi e l taliGAN then moved the addition of the following previewer rare A : Provided always that the cost for the relief of the destitu.e poor who hag me hoe model in the union where each relief is given for the log those previous to TteCi•IIII such relief, shall be fwd mil awarding to the provisions of an act prises) in thews& et mend Mejesty, intituled 'An act to make fur ther Ise the relief of the destitute poor in Ireland.' Vidto sifter a short discussion. espert was then agreed to, and the bill ordered to be and ad a third time on Monday , at 12 u'eleck. gli C i t t read then stood suspended till 5 o'clock. The house re-assembled at 5 o'clock. THE ROYAL PAVILION (BRIGHTON) BILL. Ila reply to a question from Capt. Pecliacc, Mr. HATTER said that this bill would be postpsned retil Tuesday next. THE SCOTCH BILLS. On the motion that the house at its rising should stollen till Monday, Mr. HUME wished to know whether the government i intended to persevere with the important public bills relating to Scotland. He could assure them that it appeared to be almost the unanimous feeling of Scotch members that these measures should be postp tiled till next session. Lord J. RUSSELL said the govemmint proposed that the Scotch hills should come on on Monisy, and they would then ascertain whi thee or not the feet was as had been stated. (Hear, hear.) He had been told that several members for Scotland thought that these important bills ought to be pro. seeded with. Mr. HUME said that as members would be engagel in committee, it would not be fair to proceed at 12 o'clock. Mr. M'NEILL could not allow that opportunity to pus without noticing the hurried manner in which Omit bills had Men pressed fat ward. So many pi trions against the bills had been presented, he hop d the government would postpone these measures until neat session, when they might he more di liberateh diseased. Mr. DUNCAN joined in this recommenlstion. Mr. ELLICE felt bound to say that he hal received seve ral petitions against the measures, and none in forintr of them. At the same time, after giving the best considera tion to the subject, ha bad not been able to came to the same conclusions as his constituents. The LORD ADVOCATE was very reluctant to press bills to the ineonvenienee of members belonging to Scotland. These bills had, however, twice passed the House of Lords; and he drought it of the utmost importance to Scotland that they should become low. He was perfectly aware that nu merous petitions had been presented against them; bat Ise had not been so inattentive to the subject as not to have analysed Orr picitiene, end he should be she to show the house that both the peti. ions themselves, and the grounds on which they rested, were insignificant and worthier. Mr. COWAN was perfectly free either to omen or to support the bills to which the noble lord refire I'd He had heard with th geet the noble lord's expression of indifference if nit eontonst4.with regard to the petiti o ns ; for although many of the camplaints were, no doubt, uareasonable, yet IN a whole thee were entitled to consideration. Mr. E. B. ROCHE said the hos. member for Pontefract kid a notion on the paper for nada, next, which preceded i THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1849. the motion of his hon. friend the memb:r for Middlesex, with regard to the trials church. Mr. MILNES arid h he should not occupy the house more than ba f an hour with his statement. SAVINGS BANKS. In answer to Capt. Fintauv, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he hued he should not be chic to take any steps with regard to savings books this motion, although he was fully impressed with the importance of the subject, and, but for the pressure of other bu-iness would siready have introduced some ma sus in relation to it. PUBLIC RECORDS. Mr A.. ether he HOPE as Illk•d the Ceancellor of the Exc q uer, whhe r ajesty'a government had taken any steps to procure a suitable met puicle for the public retards now dap cited in the chapter bows of Weeminter Abbey, and the Norman chap 1 in the White Tower, to the great detriment of those very interesting and important munu- meats. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER ent'rely concurred in the detsirAbleness of rent . ..si.g the records to • more suitable receptacle, hut to provide such a receptacle would require a considerable outlay of money, and this he was not, at present, prepared to sanction. RISING OF THE HOUSE. On the motion of Lora J. RUSSELL it was ordered that the house at its rising should adjourn till Monday. COLLISION WITH THE EUROPA. In answer to Mr. M. Giusofe, Mr. LABOUCHERE said that the fees connected with the collisi sn with the Europa, which bad occasioned the sinking of an emigrant vessel. bad already b:eo communi cated to the government by tiie mater of the sunken vessel, and others, and had been referred to the First Lord of the Admiralty for his report. Sh mid it be seemed requisite atter that report to make :urther inquiry, that inquiry wuuld be instituted. QUARANTINE REGULATIONS. Mr. HUME, having obs..rvcd that quarantine had been recently enforced Gibraltar, Malta, and several other of Oar possessions in eh it quarter, wished to know wnether government did not mean to marry out the recommeniatious of the report leach bad been I sled in deprecation of qua famine. Mr. LABOUCHERE replied that the nob'e Secretary . for Foreign Affairs had communicated with the various foreign powers to know boo far they would be disposed to eft open the principle of deep -ming wAti all needless q ins re gulations. When their answe.s were receind they should be stated to the bathe. STATE OF IRELAND. Mr. HORSMAN have notice that on the 17th instant he should move that— " An humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying her to take into her arociima c.nsideration the unteappv state of Ireland ; representing that a crisis of unparallele d mag nitude is afilmting that meat wretched country. That the 'chief food of her population and the main product of her agriculture has failed to a mast di:astscus extent for several Testa ; that thereby a I cloves of her Majesty's subj eta in Ireland have been involved in ruin; that much of its soil has gene out of eultivaion ; the morel and physical condt tion of the people lamentably degraded; and in spite of un exampled aid from Engl.nd, vast numbers of our fellow subjects have actually perished from want. That it is the conviction of this house that the very vastness of the calamity furnishes a well tounned hope that a wise legislation, which comprehended the peculiar opportunity hereby offered, and skilfully availed itself of V e elements now set free tor the reconstruction of arieul - ural r-la , ions in Ireland, might lay the foundation of • prospeeil hitherto unknown to that country. T. at this Louse is co , flrmed in thi. conviction by the evidence given before parliament by witness: s of the highest intelligence and of the profoundest knowledge of the actual state lend the undevelo;ol res,urces of heisted. That from the evidence of thosq witnesses this house is constrained painfully to acknowledge, that while tae seta sire:laity directed to the relief of destitution since the conineenceineot of the famine have not realised the be nevolent intentions of the legislature, neither have those of a more permanent no ut: been characterised by • true dis cernment of the peculiar features of the crisis, or the estab lishment of any comprehensive policy adequate to the e mer gency. And this helve humbly prays her Majesty to d r.ot the special and meted attention of net Majesty's govern ment to the evidence which has been laid before parliament, teelirg assured that the ability, intormation, and practical eta esmanship therein displayed, furnish ample mat , rids fur a legislation at once solid, profound, sod regenerative." CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE. Mr. SLAN EY gay., notici Viet early next region he should move the appointment of a committee to inquire into the condition of the labouring classes of this c iuntry, and to report thereon to the house from time to time. POOR RELIEF (IRELAND) BILL. Mr. M J O'CONNSLL g eve notice that, on the third reading of this lad', he should move the umiesinn ot the third clause. FIXED DUTY ON CORN. Mr.HERRI ES gave notice that, on the first occasion of the house going into committee of supjly, or ways and means, he should call the att. rotors of the house to the condition co` the public revenue, and to the exoediency of arliiirg to its amount by the imposition or a Said (hey on the imp gtativn of c ern. (Laughter and aka of " hear, hear.") lie should have been quite ready Li go into the aubject that evening but that he was indisposed physically. MAURITIUS. Mr. HUME gave notice of tie intention 'o move for cer• dein a arrespondtoce relating to the revenue, as we under• stood, of Mauritius. HUNGARY. Mr. HUME wanted to know what were our relations with Austria at present? How we rood in relation to the Treaty of Vienna, and whether the interference of Russia iu the affairs of Ilongsry w. re to be taken cm putting an end to that treaty ? We bad been put to great expense in bring ing about that treaty, end just as we seemed to ho about to profit by it, its trovisions were set aside by Ru'sia and Austria. Lord J. RUSSELL said he underetood there would be no interf-renee wh.tever with the Finn' Moos cf the Treaty of Vienna by that which as , n sw taking place in Hungary. The Russian government having tot en called upon ty the Empe ror of Austria to assiet in suppre s sing the insurrection in Hunearv—(hear, bear)—the Emperis of Russia tad lent his aid for that purp , a and it had loser, xp'ained to her Majesty's reverent. nt that this was the sole rloject of his in terposition. Whatever opinion might in other respeca b 3 formed upon the subject, it would appear that th , proceed. lug in question would not militate again 4 any of the st pule tiles of the Treary of Vienna. (Hear, hear.) Mr. HUME raid it would seem that certain portions of Europe were, by an agreement already male, to be trans ferred to Russia, in cot aderation of her assistance to Austria on the occasion. Did not the noble lord consider that this cession would tend to disturb the balance of Euri.pean power, purporting to be permanently settled by the Treaty of Nrtenna ? Lord J. RUSSELL replied that her Maj3sty's govern ment had recaiv. d nu intimation of any such agreement. Mr. OSBORNE requested the noble lord to state on what ground he made use of the term " insurrection in Hungary." (Hear, hear ) Lord J. RUSSELL said the hon. gentleman's question was rather a large one to be answered off hand. (Hear.) Mr. OSBORNE gave the noble lord notice that he would give him an early opportunity for a deliberate reply. MARRIAGES AND REGISTL. RATION (SCOTLAND ) REF IL L Lord J. RUSSELL having moved that this bill be further considered on Monday, at twelve, Mr. F. MACKENZIE moved as an enrsiment that it be taken into ironsideratinn that day three months. The house divided. The numbers were— A y e es 136 60-76 On our return to the gallery, Mr. FORBES was on his legs. The hon. member moved that the house do now adjourn. Mr. F. MACKENZIE objected to the Scotch bills being proceeded with on Monday moraine, at 12 o'clock. Lord I. RUSSELL said he could not credit bon. Mein. bers when they said they would oppose the progress of the bills on Monday morning. He regretted that the time of proceeding in them should be inconvenient; hut having, at the general wish of the house, sacrificed a day for the pur pose of proceeding with the adjourned debate, he did hope the covanment would be allowed to proceed as proposed with the Scotch bills in the morales, as his right hen. friend purposed, at five o'clock, to move for an advance of 500,00111. for the purposes of Irish railway', in crder to alleviate the distress In the western districts of that island. If, however, the hon. member for Bucks did not proceed with hi, motion at present, he had no objectioa to go on with the Scotch bills at once. Mr. DISRAELI expressed his surprise and regret at the rousse adopted on the present occasion. He hoped his h -n. friend would nu again divide the house, but would ado the debste on his motion, which had excited so much inte rest, to proceed. After a few words from Mr. Foucas Maectszte, Sir R. PEEL Paid that he was anxious to address a few words to the house on the motion of the hon. gentleman the member for Buckinghamshire, and he must remind the house that It had been the practice to permit a debate of im trortance to continue to the excluaba of other busineu until it had been brought to a close He thought that the con duct of the government in giving up two nights was • trembly liberal, and the hon. members from Scotland ought to recollect this. Mr. ELLIOT said that the opposition to the motion pro ceeded from a portion only of the Sco!ch representatives on the other side of the house. Tee Earl of LINCOLN reminded the bon. member that 'he Scotch representatives to whom he referred did not, like himself, hold office. It would b. impossible for many of those who were interested in the Scotch bills to be present on Monday morning, and amongst those who would be absent was his hon. friend the member for Areylehire. Mr. A. HASTIE said that at a eneeirg of Scotch mem bers held in ono of the adjoining re me, not o'e had ex pressed himself opposed to the principle of the bile. But all had asked for delay in order to improve their details. Mr LOCKHART complained that the petitions from Scotland on the suteject of the bills Lad been treated with neglect bythe government. Mr. HUSIR said that the select emmittee on the Sco•ch Marriage Bill had refused to bear •.ny lay eviseeece against the bill, notwithstanding many gentlemen had been deputed from Scotland to state the views ustertsined by large bodies there on the esajact. The Scotch m:mbers were not anxious to throw out the big, on the centruy, they desired to have a registration for Scotland, but not by means of such an imper fect bill at the present. He was surprised that the Chanesl lor of the Bashelur, who had not an available penny is the exchequer, should sanction en additional expense of 7,0001. a year for Scotch registration. The Reiglish registration had cost tar more than was originally estimated, and be believed that 90001. would not cover the uliinla • annual expense, at the same time its returns were so imp 'fact, that no court of justice would receive them as evidence. /dr. Formes then consented to withdraw his motion. Lord J. RUSSELL said he would take care that the bills should be discussed at some future stage at five o'clock. STATE OF THE NATION —ADJOURNED DEBATE. Mr. SLANEY rose to resume the adjourned debate. He observed that the twill to under dismesion involved a change in those laws which affected the great body of the people of this realm. Toe honouree's mover had spoken of the depreesed cooditi'n of the various classes throughout the country, and had attributed it to the progress of free trade and the changes ii the corn law ; but surely the hon. gentleman, with his ability and intelligence, must have diseove red other curies than those, amply sufficient to account for the depresaiiin wbieh existed For example, in the first place there was the state of Ireland which had led to a great in taxa* t of pauperism in this country ; then, there was the potato blight, not confined to Ireland merely, but spreading over the whole nation; and again, there were the disturb ances which had taken place throughout Europe which had prevented the export of our manufactures, and thereby anted the employment of a large number of operatives. Were not all these causes to account for the prevailing dis tress? (Hear, hear) As regarded the st-te of the working &asses in our large manufacturing communities the hon. gentleman had been met with details most ample and con vincing, showing that he was entirely in error in stating that they were depressed. (Hear, hear.) He firmly be lieved that the low prices in the southern counties were hut of a temporary nature, and that in a short period they w old rise again, not, perh +pa, to an ex reme height, but at all events, to such a moderate rate as would enable them, with the aid of intelligence, industry, and spit it, to keep the land in cultivation. But suppose it should turn out that they should be obliged to reduce their rents to the amount of 10 or 15 per cent., then he asked hero. gentlemen to consider whether every article in which they expends d their income had not fallen in pace within the last eight or ten years to even a g amount. (Hear, hear.) He ad mitted that the landed interest was pressed down, but Jost, ad of rrmovieg the weight from the shoulders of one put of the country to the other, they should endeavunr to remove the evil its. lf, erd be would rude avour to state the eon which arose from there removahlit evils, and the dismissed condition, as regarded social comforts, of the great body of the workieg classes. He was opposed to the motion of the hon. member—first, because, under the mask of inquiry into the state of the nation, it was really to turn out the government in whom he had confi dence; arid, secondly, because he felt its know( bite object was to raise the price of bread by in ens of putting a data on pro, and although that might raise rents for a short weld, it would be an injury to the great mass of the people. Mr. HAMILTON said it was his intention to confine Moult' to the case of Ireland. The Cnanceller of the Exchequer had in his speech avoided any par ticular allusion to Ireland, and the on, and learned member for Sheffield had, in an antithesis which he (Mr. Hamilton) did not think at all hsp; y, said that Ireland owed ale her nearer eves to Providence and improvidence. He took upon himself to say that Ireland's misfortunes bad at all events been greatly aggravated by the conduct of her Meet y's eon rnment—(heae, hear)—and that the Irish d faculty had been increased by their policy. The Irish Waste Lends Commit ee, of which he bad bad the honour to be a member, made various suggestion', for the improvement of Ireland, at the same time porn ing out clearly the weak points in her social condition. Those mutations were, however, not attended to by the noble lord. The noble lord's predecessor, the tight hon. baronet, the member for Tam worth, hal inttodutir d au act the 9.h of Victoria, cap. 2, fur tee purpose of providing profitable employment. That mew sure had worked exceedingly well, and a great portion of the money advanced had been repaid; but the noble lord, at a time when the Ir.th member. had all left L ndoo, subati lute 1 for it what was called the Labour hate Act,whicb, Luthorising the expenditure of public money without the eligh eat lucal eontroul, had the effect of completely demoral ising de- people. Under that act erasion% were held eta very short nu ice, and woe ks were presented without any reference to th. ir utility or expense. The sums expended under that act amounted to 4.048,2551 , anti he confidently inserted that as much good would have bet n done with half the amount if rap.ud d in a different manner. (Year, hear.) The ; üblec rLaele were ruin. d, others were made where there was not the amallest traffic, and the pt ople were demoralised to an extent which one could hardly have believed pos sible. Toe next ground on which he condemned the ;Awe , of ministers in regard to Ireland was their total departure from the English principles of legislation when they came to deal with Irish measures, and the ir utter disregard of the opinions of Irish int mho s Perhaps the most obvious instatce of this was to be found in the Rate in A.'d Bill. Every one admitted that such a measure could not be applied to Eng. land, and, that being the cue,to force it upon Ireland, despre the opinions of all authority on the eubje .t, was not only objeetionable but most unjust. (Hen, hear.) Of this they might rest assured, that until the E glish principles of legis lation were applied to Ireland there was no hole of the condition of that country being ameli rate d The rate of both countries was now sufficiently pub. Here we were beginning to feel the effect e.l nin eteen which, as he thoucht, had been most unveils ly intro dined; and which, by hringirg foreign produce into e (nip Anna wilt that of this country, had most injuriously ,eff,ca,d our industry and trade. (Hear, hear) But, in Eoeland, they had, besides the en, rgy of the people, capital. They had also that recuperative spirit which dis tinguished Englishmen. They had the popular principles of I. ge4ation which no minteter would be able, for any ninth of time, to violate ; but le..land without these &elven tages, was prostrated by the visitation of the Almighty. True, parliament had genera wily, but, as he thought, not wisely, expended their treasures in relieving destitution only. But no effort had been made to raise Ireland from leer rostrate condition. In administering to her immediate wants, they had aided in keeping her in that state of prorration, and should, untor unate:y, another blight occur, this want of foresight would be shown in results wOich be feared it would be then impossible for any means to avert. For these reasons lee felt a enstrained to vote for the moti en, which he regarded as a vote ot censure on the go vernment—to which censure, as. in his opinion, their policy had tended to aggravate the sufferings of Ireland, they were justly liable. Mr. HUME, before addressirg himself to the subject of the resolution, would say a word as to what had fallen from the hon. rntlem en who bad just sat down. That hon. gen t .man ti d changed against tee gone. meat that the ir neg. feet and misrule tied produced most of the calamities under which Ire:and laboured. Ile cools not join in blaming them on that ground ; however much he might upon r the rs. He had never sat in any parliament in w hich so much time had been devoted to Irish subjects. (lie r, hear.) If he were rightly to designate the sea ion, he might say it had been one adj •nrned debate on Ira questions (Hear, Lear) He believed all the members of that house and of the goy. roment had been most anxious to devise means which the miseries of that country might be alleviated. lie, therefore, could not believe that her Majesty's govern ment were open to the censure which the bon. gentleman would cast upon them. Ile thought that such me asurea as the labour rats were fit and proper means to adopt f the social redemption of the yeople of Ireland. It was true then great differences of opinion might exist with reference to the Irish poor law. Although a sincere supporter of that law at the time it was enacted, he now entertained some doubts as to how far it might or might not have been beneficial to the government. But the government were not in any respect to blame on that head. At the time it was pissed, it was the universal opinion that Ireland should maintain its own poor and therefore the hon. gentleman was rather too hal in attributing all the blame to the government. With regard to the Incumbered Estates Bill, he was not aware of any measure more calculated than that for permanently raising the Judean and giving employment to the people of Ireland. It would give a stimulant to lab eon Had it been passed in 1847 it would have effected an imm• nse amount of good ; but, late as it was brought forward, he had given it an honest and conscientious vote, believing that it would greatly tend to advance the interests of the sister country. If any blame attached to the governm-nr, it was for not having passed the measure at an earlier period. (Hear, hear.) He also considered that the Rote-in. Aid Bill would act a* a means for the promotion of industry. Having given notice of his intention to move an amendment to the motion of the hon. member for Buckinghamshire, he (Mr. Hume) could enure the house that be had been most anxious to submit th.t amendment, entertaining as be did a very different belief front hon. members , on the protectionist benches as to the causes of the distress now prevailing in England. But, from the tenour of the speech of the hon. member for Buckinghamshire, he had been induced to abandon his ori ginal intention. The hon. member had not pointed out any means for effectiog his object; he had neither told the house who were to take the place of her Majesty's pre sent ministers, nor the nature of the improvements which were to be mane. its was of opinion that the details of the speech of the right hon. gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer afforded a most complete answer to the accusations of the hon. member for Buckinghamshire. (Hear.) That speech contained a most satisfactory reply to the assertion that the free-trade measures were the e eon of the distress. (Hear, hear.) The hon. member for Buckinghamshire tad alluded to the late ' Lord Cieurae Beutinck, and mentioned his opinion; but he forgot aleog-titer the statement of that noble lord, when he pinned ow, with great ability, the distress existing in Ire -1 nd, and the cause of thin distress, and when he wanted 18,000,0001. to relieve it. Hun. members were very much in the habit of running away with the idea that we bad free trade. We had no such thing. We had free trade .n corn, but we had not free trade in a variety , of other articles, such as butter, cheese, eve, and ' rice. He wished to have a real free trade. He was anxious that all duties on raw materiale, on all articles of food, on everything that entered into the consumption of the muses of the people should be removed. (Cheers.) Hon. untlemen who were so desirous of attributing the distress to the tepeal of the corn laws, seemed to keep out of sight this important fact, that when distress came upon us in former deep, the first act of the house was to suspend 'the corn leers and let in the food. (Hear, bear.) By the admission of food, prices become reduced, and the lower chases were enabled to exist. He believed that free trade was net the cause of the present distress, but that, on the contrary, unless free trade had been effected, we should now be in a state of still greater distress. He attributed the distress to excessive and unequal taxation. This was the source of the eviljand until it was removed all the eff ens of the government would be merely palliatives. He had been told that capital ha I quadrupled in this coun try of yeah. If si, he-celled fur a direct tax on main od cc. sad lot a repeal of %bemoans, ezeise,end stamp duties. He contended that the taxation of the country bore most unequall on the lower and middle claw", and that wale the ground on y which he demanded a di min ution of our national expense", and a return to the expenditure of 1836 In 1828 the whole amount of our expenditure was 49,339,0001 ; in 1841 it was 41,422,0001. ; and last year it was 64,185,0001. etecordieg to the finance committee of 1828, the revenue in the eleven veers, Irom 1817 to 1827 inclevive, amounted to n 1,991,9171., and the expenditure to 5591.92.7601., ',trine ea the average an annual revenue of 52,908,3661., and an manual expenditure of 60,890,2601., or en excess of income over expenditure of 22,099,1671. on the 11 year., or more than 2,000,0001. annually; and yet this was when we had scarcely recovered from the 'lvens and the consequences of the French revolution. Gobi g farther back, they would fled Lord Castlereagh saying that our expenditure ought not to mist more than 13,000,0001. On the aver•gu of four yearn, up to 1842, the total expenditure wes only 15,000,0001.. 9.000,0001., of which went to pay the icter: at of the national deb.. Our taxation was then 16 000,000/ , which left 1,000,0001. t larked' the sinking fund. But taking from 1833 to 1837, and from 1843 to 1847, the:house would find that the aggregate mount of expenditure for the first period of five years Wall 281.789,000 1 ., and for the last 5 y are 278,123,0001, showing an excess of 16,331,0001. over the fir-t period. Public at psinements, civil and military, were the cause of this increa'e, and :until they reduced their establishments, and thereby lessened their exicuditure, they could not hope for relief. If hon. geetleuit n opposite were really anxious to improve their own condition as egricultueiels, and that of the agricultural population, they must direct their atten tion to the one great means which he had p tinted out of reducing the national expenditure, and then repealing theme taxes which pressed so heavily and so unequally upon the labouring classes. It was in that view that he had desired to place upon record his opinion, that whilst the repeal of some o' the restrictions had done good, it had not re moved all the difficulty. The poorer the people, the more Imp or , tent was it that our laws should be equal. Make ti em equal—give fair play to industry—and they would he more likely to afford relief to the distressed port.on of the country than by pursuing shadows and Will o' the wisps, from which no usef result could spring. The Earl of MARCH ;aid that the speech of the hon. member for Montrose was as full of protection sentiments as ever it had been hie good firtune to beer even at red-ho: protection meetings. (Hear, hear.) The boo. gentle men was agreed with the hon. member for Buckinghamshire as co the existence of distress amongst the working classes, and he ask , d whether, if e ey bad not pissed the measures proposed by the right hon. baronet the member fir Falmouth, they would have been in as good e position? His (L id March's) answer was, that they would, and that it they had adhered to the slidine.scale the question of corn would have adjueted itself in quite as eatistactory a manner. Sir R. PEEL said I do not intend to enter at any length into tht se c moiderations of a purely political nature which are naturally raised by the que etien brought Coward by the hon. member for Buckinghamshire. I a iould find it total out of my power to do justice to those, coasid. rations during the petiod I could fairly a xpect the house is lend ma its attention. To discuss the question of Ire land, the question of the colonial policy, and the crostini of the foreign policy of this country in one speech must, if any at tempt were made to do justice to the se various e oneidera dons, absorb so much time of the house that little would be left for the discussion of that which I consider to be the main point at i sue this night—namely, shell we displa e the g evernment for the purpose of suhvertit g the commercial policy which they are punuirg? (Loud cries of "Hi ter.") Sir ce the accession of the present government to power, I have felt it to be my duty to wive to the great majority of the measures which it has introduced my general support. I have made allowance for the great difficultie a with which they had to contend—commercial convuleions, famine in Ireland, the ereatest moral and social revolution by which the peace of Europe or the tranquillity of individual state a was ever threatened. (Hear, he er ) I have thought that it was for the public interest that the energy an-I the power of the executive government of this couetry, during such a' crisis, should not be impaired by factious or captious oppo sition. (Hear, hear.) At the same time, I wish it to be didinctly undereteod that all I mean to irnp'y by the vote I shall give this night is thitt, that I c irdi eby appr..ve of the general principles of commercial polio. by which her MOW, government has loon guider;, and that I will not eons nt to a motion. the direct and evolved object, or at least the main object of which is, to [ c• neure them fur their adherence to the se princi; Its ot corn mercial policy, and to euhoitute in their place some other re one mica( principles. (Chan.) The course I prop es to pursue, With the pet mission of the hous is this—to :amine the grounds won which the hon gentleman the member fur Bu kingieamshire has impeached the comfit-re:al policy which has been acted upon for soma years. I then propose to eon- bier whether or no that new principle, at least that different principle, of ec.oomic policy which he proven to subtei - ute in its place, has any foundation in re *sun, sod whether it will cotdrinute to the welfare and pre ape rite of this country. I understand the bon. gentleman to impeach the commercial policy which has be en acted on for some time, and to attribute to that certain, reiel policy a great part of the cuff, rings under which it is admitted that some in to ri ate in this country, and melons of this cnuntty, are new laiicuring. I was struck, I cot foss, by en admission ot th bon. gentleman at the comm ncement of his !Teeth. I owe him the acknowl element which I willingly pt.) , t f or that admission. Ile was describing the .rate of the govern ment of this country when the noble lord su-c-celed to dike; and he made this admission with respect •o the position and the influence of the government in 1846. He said that Europe generally was eejeying tranqu llity—that there was great conlidence reposed in her M -jesty'e government—that if troubl - n arose, there w.in a reedy reference to the authority of the British government, and a willing acquiescence in its decision, in order to arrive at a s lution of those diflicutice. Ile said, in n eover, that Ireland was in a state of comparative prosperity, that the egricaltural interest here was contented, and locked forward weds hope to the future. He said that the lireat,st export tra le that this country had ever carried on was Called ou in the conne of the year 1845; and that the present govern ment, in sue reeding to power, had found a surplus of sme two or three, or 'hive or four millions. Mr. DISRAELI—I said that such was the state of things at the rummer cement of the et -ar 1846. r R PEEL—WeII. if that was tbe 'tete of the country then, if all interests were so prospeloun, if sus wan the condition of our finances, such the condition of our export trade, I ask this :petition, het were the prie ciples of t oo lcommrcal policy which Ind been Adopted fur that in previous that period ? (Hear, hear.) I find that in the year 1841 there was a deficit ot upward• ot 2,50,0001. In the preceding year, 1810, you had adopted the system of imeoning additional duties up in import. ; you had placed five per c• nt. in addition to all the existing dui a you fouled upon the import of raw materials, upon articles ot food, upon everything which constitutt d the import trade of the c h o a u d i e p t r r y ,d . uc l esi ti n a d o co t that t p t o h b a d t n a a d d a i u t g i o ni n e s i o , t[ p A l i a o ced p n o f u th o o n imports e venu,, but direct y the reverse. (Hear, hear.) In the e eye of ad ditions to the amend taxes, in the case of additions to direct taxation, the anticipations ot the Chaucellir of the Exche quer had been realised; but in the instances of additiene to customs duthe upon imports his anticipations had Lot been realised; the Loraine' 5 per cent. of additional taxation had oroeuced no 5 per cent. of additional revenue. (neer .) But in 1842 yen adapted a different principle. Yon I imposed an income tax, and you reduced taxation upon ail the great articles of subsistence. (Hear, hear ) Yuu re duced taxation upon the raw materials of manufacture ' upon food, upon the subsistence of the people. ar, Lear.) You found prohibition upon every animal which constirutes food; you found prohibition upon meat; you found high pro•ecoon upon corn; you found heavy duties upon raw ma terials. You adopted a different system in 1842. You im posed an income-tax, by which five millions were raised ; you remitted the prohibition upon the import of 11.11i1111111 and of meat; you reduced the duties upon every article which enters into the subsistence of the great body of the people. You greatly reduced the protective duties uoon eorn ; upon 55.5 articles of customs you reduced the duties ; and the result was—what the hon. gentleman describes to have been the state of this country in 1846. (Corers.) Observe—agriculturists looking for ward with hope—lreland in a state of comparative prosperity—the greatest export trade that ever was known taking place—all that I will not say was the result, but at least it was coincident with that reformation of the import duties (Hear, hear.) But then, says the hon. gentleman, in 1816 you adopted a totally new principle; and, from the introduction of that new principle have r.sulted the evil consequences which we deplore in 1848. Now, my answer to the hon. gentleman up in that point is this: In 1846 we adopted no new coin mercial principle. We certainly carried further the com =exist principle which had been adopted in 1842. (Cheers.) I wish to conduct this argument as I would conouct any °the r. I think it much more respectful to the hon. gentle. man to submit his arguments to the test of reason than to dent with them in any other mode; and I am endeavouring t t conduct the argument in the same way as I should conduct any -cientific investigation. But I adhere to my statement that in 1846 no new principle was introduced ; and I give hon. gentlemen the fullest opportunity of answering my argume-•t. Wined new principle was introduced in 1816 that told in 1819 ? More the end of 1845, the duties upon cotton had been re peated, the duty upon wool had been repealed. In 1844 the reductions of duty upon articles of import amounted to 1,092,0001.• in 1813, to 411,000; in 184 4 , to 458 , 000 /. ; in 1845, to 4,5'11,0001. The total amount of the re ruction of taxation to the end of 1845 was 6,582[000. (Hear, hear.) Toe articles upon which that reduction had mainly taken place were either raw materials, articles of food, or article) of subsistence. The duty upon cotton had been 'nailed. The duty upon wool had been remitted. In 1846, was any new principle of commercial legislation intro etried ? The amount of duties remitted in 1846, was 1,151,0001. There had been remitted 6,582,0001. in the four preceding years. (Hear, hear.) The articles which were selected for the reduction of taxation in 1846, were these : tallow, an additional reduction of taxation upon timber, brandy, soap, linseed cake, rape cake,—a great many arti cles on which it was important to than agriculturists to be relieved from the duty. Heal, hear.) There was indeed provision made for the ultimate re peal of the corn laws; but that is the single instance in respect to which you can say that any different principle of legislation was adopted in 1846 which road not been previously acted on i i 1812, 43, 44, and 45. (Hear, hear.) And now observe, with re erence to the re peal ot the corn laws, that it did not take pl ere till the let of February, 1849. (Hear, hear.) During 1847 and 48 you would have had duties upon corn. From nec tasity, in 1847, u repealed them. (Hear, hear.) The hon. member for Deasetshire himself seconded the motion for the repeal of the e ern acid navigation laws at that time. (Hear, hear.) In 1818 the y revived; and during all that year you had a duty of from Bs. to 10e. upon corn. Consequently, if there have been any evil effects from the repeal of the curl laws ' you cannot date them from an earlier period than the I st of February, 1849. (Hear, hear.) You had protection, in so far as you thought it expedient to retain up to the Ist of Yebruery, 1849. It is sad, however, th at this tariff has eau-ed the rommereial distress; that tee prim 'plea of tree trade, ad mted tither in 1846 er at • pre. C. th. g p. rind, have caused the distress that n ew prevail.. No it is my firm conviction that the pre ciples etch di in that terdt have not caused any one of the evils under which we labour, hut that they have grearly mitigated the pet 'sure of three evils. (Cneerse Lee as 14115)yrn the tariff. And now I challenge you to chow me in what man. tier it is possible that the free trade intreduceet Leo the tariff can have caused the distresses of the enemy. Let n take the . fficiel value of the imports into Great Britain. In 1846, the official value of the imports was 73 milliens. do 1848 it was 89 minuets. Some contend treat it is the amount of imports, without any corresponding amount of exports, which has caused the depreciation of iLdustsy it. this mum try. Lot us analyse the tariff, and see of woo it c mane. I divine it into three great branches. First, I take the ar • cies tit coesumption—of food, of luxury—et that w: i h the t eople either eat or dritik ; I next take the raw material ; and next, the manufactured goods. Your argumera is, that the automat of manufactured golds which, u. der the op,ll, lion of free trade, yuu have perm tied to Le ia ported into this country is such that u h e n interfered with domestic industry, Red deprived ma n y amount s Lot t i rat t h l ; 0 . ue d e r t e yluthr t hea hl h:t vt - * o h a t a ie f r i n t importsrs.s articles o ° :0 1 f l B ci thei r . B o f ; o t n f u 1818—namely, m i p a e li l voy liv e l iho o d. , B u 9 raw striate ' a n ; a i y i la: man into mass. ,l gretsuhideegyTt been b e a mount one e sn u toat7 n a, t ci n o fgo t : ar ticles pound t o i r cl ub e t s yh o o t gri c ot e lh i d i s ,: u t ot : u : ) in,; ins. ors. ? ( flea,, hear.) What have ere e s : p e p:en. n such • dernecruent with? They have been imported; they have tee pr id for; m a en co t i i m a t e n o l ld . , in ai ju d no to us, ur Can yo deny any one of those theee prep eitioren ? Then, youe d iwurdi ael n r hb e , reec r nwo:i null'. : t ; rydkti withdrawn, wf consequence sn e r, e f, atl t ulh r ne a jedn : peh t to h epurr e l (Laugher.) You have sent out your gold It was sod, if of the currency that foreigners will not take y ma, tine. geld curie nary will be distutbed , the reserve of the Ban e lit se ut el h t o r w " d ag o l y " o t u ils aceo Pur u t t t l h or and exh us ting process going forward—imports, it is true, bat, cot meet transfenerun of gold, depreciate°. of .b. currency, public this—that at the ginning of this period the hank bee shout 10 mil ions of gold, and now it has 15 ? (Caere.)e How happens it that , concurrently with table gri at increase or has ports, there h s been at the same time no diminution efgold, our, in cons quene- of the :tare of the exchanges, an increase and acrumulation of gold ? Who has cenumed terse 32 500.0001 worth of eatable and driukarilc nueet i Is ? Who grudges them ? lies t eerie been any case of sure it or • ease ? (Laughter.) Has the cholera be- n product din eoa attoiathweomuladtehriateco,,co.ftorls of the sequence? Have diseases been intrudue d and sure rings tint tied in consequence of this increase of impure ? I be lieve net ; but I believe the consumption of the %bee of i p hew ople bs orris country . and a bu nd te th d mistortethe if these 32 millions had by any awe be en re ' duesd to 22 or t • 25 millians. (Cheers.) I beeeee the i n p u t of chute mercies of subsistence hes notonly contributeddirectly te the material c on torts of than who have *mimed thenebut ems encouraged their labour, and csueed them to enc • urage the lab our art others. (Hest., hear.) S mach for the .ruder of consumption. Now, I come to the rear maltii4l,. The great operation of any tariff with which 1 bare bet com elected was in the diminution of dutin on raw nee ee nt s. Is it possible to cant-nd that you hove eimieishid the en couragement to domestic industry by rendering nen or sheip'• wool etre epee ? Or that the reduerion or the duty on +r ides used in dyeing—as logwood, motet ire L ee. oe :Jny of the articles forming the raw materiels of mats. factures, can try possibility have had any otter effect than to diminish the rest of manufactured nide, and nun. able you to contend with greater advaetage yew foreign rivals ? is it possible that the recuerint of aka duty on chose article can have intertered with eh men inoustry ? (IL se, Lear ) But it in pessib:y the third,the import of manutactured goods. How 'tends the are? Here is title treat commercial country, lot refit" by the export of is manufactur, it ke en inert. rote, it it be not Tether a pose in advantage to tho aterial cos mos of very country with which it deals —( hear, hear) —but it it he en interference with the imlustry of those- countries, where is the delequent so meat en ? (Hear, hear.) You have sported is official va ue about 133 millions of the pr at you Ineetery You have imported of eeelsred value tenet 4,722,0001. worth, in the year 1848. (Hear, hear.) Ths lumens of raw materials in that year, to t e Obritatee by y ur industry into manufactures were 48.400,0001. The manufeetured goods imported were 4,700 004. (Hear.) 0 1 5 ,n 4 •0 ,7 0, 00 1, , t 0 i 01)1 0— , itshteh that tmttune amountt which k which cu en uel or h y y " an r y i- p: eibility interfere well !our domestic ieduory ? No sack thing. Yeti must deduct fr that Lwow. alit at yea 'me ape r. You cannot doubt the justice of thee 01 the cotton g -ode which you imported from India and Europe the amount was 512,00 M; but you re-nearest a reify cone eider...tee pm tion 01 those, no bas them eie 00e1, warth; .ud this amount must be deducted from the o her. (Hear.) Can there be a greater proof of the bene fi cial hiker ce et tree trade than this? You are makieg this ceuntry the pa input for the productions of Europe. by year eardrum and the facilities which you give to coalmen e, you are in. viring goods to this c.untry, to be &petted ter the pulp of being no:per:el (Hear, hear-) 1.. the transit, while they lie line, y interfere wi hno branch et your Indus try ; but they improve your trail they Maul .• e your cares tal, they employ your shipping ; and there careen be a gnawer advantage than that of make gel euun ry the market for the commercial products a other ceuusries. (Hem, hear) Well, you have Lad, it is feu , greet imports of sda ; not, however, on account of the Latural ale :oath OS of trade, but on account of the distress ie Francs, which led to a desire to realise whatever could be geieed. (Hear, hear.) With respect to silk, and other artiern, I may say, generally, that the elemental and unexpected imports are to be a tribubil to the depremiou of trade and the tardy ration of industry in other countries. But against the sdk e hich you importer" is to be set no less than 870,0001., welch you expired ; and therefore is he ease of the imports of silk, wte n you an t. sting the quantity , you must deduct, in the first natant all that you h ore top rted in the course of your commercial operatiuns. But there is another deduction whir h you met make—a still mar- material eme. You mast make a dads.' tiou from 'reliance imparts of all th at would bane ben imported by smuggling it you had chosen to have hen duties. (Hear, hear.) If you had retained dune of 40 eir 50 per cent., no duubt nominally and a, par bey your in• ports would have been greatly reduced. elanutecturen might p pail) y thee have consoled the we've with the thought that at any rote there had been only oai-fifth or one-teeth of the amides imported. Nothieg could, bonne have be en more di naive that, that imps': n. The sa tide would hare corrected the absurditin of your coterie:Mil system. and would have pocketed the gain wheel you Impel to dm ive from it. (Hear,hcar .) But I will t.ke tee utters of trade respecting which there have been the grtat4E. em planes. I will take watches, lea;her, aeons, t erleuiderio, and needlework. Da you think that It you had neared duties of 50 per cent. there woald hove been a c -reeved ing protection of domestic industry ? No such thief. (Rem hear.) You would have lost revenue, but yi u soul( hen given no protection. There was • commis ruts ova which my lamented friend whose loss, I am sure, all wit e knew his either personally or by character must dpkre, 1 mere Lord Grant ille Somerset ,— in the per 1844 there was a commission to &yin taro " We are disposed to admit that the annual le, ethic" the the custom-house boards. Taat cueemesien r pets revenue has eustained beers some approxiimei ie to ties kid the ass sun; of duty. Of lace we are soured that Mere than one half hes been introduced without the pismire of duty. The proceedings in the court, as well so otter evidees which we have had, show the ahnost amounted fraud which has prevailed in the artic:e of a lone We enter tain serious apprehension that frauds are not cOofioed to the goods named." Well, with that evidence before us what was the proper course to be pursued? Wu it to continue high duties, to !remit half the duties derivable from glover there wi ll than a i t b tap iato the pocket of the emu:glee; to permit the import of lace and embroideries to go on un der a system which: no vigilance could control ? (Hear.) Wes it not t la wisest coarse to facilitate import by henna; duties, and enable the trader here to know, at any rate , the solute d sad extent of the evil with which he had to tou t, red ? (line hear.l New, let us take the ease of fereign manutectueimportpo nt imported—eimetals and glass, and c ipper and calla y. Sae I have not fergooen the speech which • all meek ley the ha. member for Birmingham .—(" hear, hear," a•d Isuetttre in which he described, I think, the state Bonen:ham to be such that the Birmingham manufacturers in bon, copper, in cutlery, and in buttoe s could la find • sale for Birmingham artices, t e lling that the Birmingham manufacturers weoevfiel depressed, that they were !en ed by fon mt igre who brought °ennui cutlery to this country and tr Inte with them in the home market. (Hear, hear.) I . nee marvellous thing that we who in Birmingham are Weill the fe reigner, can beat the foreigner in all the u h. r m arks' of the world ? (Hear, hear.) Well, we called fo r s reige t for much as we might be disposed to respect the a of the hon. member for Birmingham, sac Coll3. , ira course neceesury. Hearirg the hon. member's speteee loudly cheered, said to an hon. friend of mine, "Let know the truth ; let us move for an accoun t of all these Wte bent cies of me:allic manufacture whiee have ten brought into this country, and in order theta may be no deer rem, let us in the same eele the precise amount of the manufactured articles, of t!1 metals, which have been sent out of this country—( , ..r, then we shall krew what foundation there is tor t fl are... - tem thet the Birmingham cutlers and the 13 . rmi r in e button maker., cannot sell their goods in the besm e e u me e kt o ‘„ (Hear, hear.) Well, here is the re,ura ? (II hear.) ' copper or bent work, iron or steel manufactures. _fel amount unmoor or lacquered wino, &z.--and it gives the a a It includes brass manufactures, cutlery mone: p c a t a t en from abroad. If you tell me that there dare an IIZ many other articles which have been smuintl d, 0 1 0 is—Then let us reduce the duties. (Hear, hem, and errie So far from this h. int; any impeachment of the re d:r o t:so, duty, if you tell me that this is not a fair ratu f?!. is, that the duties are too high, and ought to be Mr= But if you say, on the oth e r hand, as you mot rsy : eeet muletetures ameunt of imports, I ray the legitimate conclusion from the there has bean no smuggling of brass m or tors, but this is a true account of the metteer.,o 0 _e let us compere the importof these manufactu re e years, with the amount that we have sent to oth e r r e a_"'fee e ' (Hear, hear.) In 1846, 1847, end 181 8 , ele e _ a r tu ra, averspe amount e all of these things imported tete, en 102,0001., being 34,0001. on the average ofth e h awned only to , t years. To be sure, if we had exporte d ewe wen of 20. 0 001., that might bee proof that our men , ow from Germany and every other foreign eo i s a r s e t , tua , greatly interfered with, and that it was bee° u g a b ‘ 7, g e t contend with rival manufactures in neutral co rted Is in the same three years in which we etP aimoni e the amount of 102,0001., we exported to the