The Express. — London, England, 1849-12-10 00:00:00

Vie Orpreoo. OUTGOING MAILS. The smile kr Brill' North America aad the limited Ikea. will be made up ea thil evening of Dee. 14. Th. wmt Imma Dirak. excluding Bermuda Haresnab, Xmas, Ho..daras, New Odes" sad Mesita, a id including Meese kr Madeira. Bt. isaia-de•Nisersgas, New °made, • am, aid Perm. will be deapatahed ea Dm. 17. TM seat malls kt Lily" Spate, sad Gibraltar will be maim if ea Dee. 17. Ijyps, The sage tor °Maar, Malta, Greet*, Se lambs blawde, jade C up es tbe eplea, and China, vim Ileatbaapbra, warming of Dec 20. TIN sons vie Mareeilia, to the idediterrameam, Dept' Ogles, Mong-Homg, de., will be made op csa the weenies of Dee. 24. TM malls for Maderia, the Brasile, and Buenos Agrea,will bine& up is Jae. 4. WATIR AT LONDON MUD= r....11..rai—M055i55,1116.18m....-....Alisnion. II b. Sla. —masa& w um . Ahem... If A. as LONDOY, MOYDAY, DECEMBER 10. THE government and the legislature of this country have been for the last five years fumbling about the question of savings bank' and their security, without advancing one step in the matter. Being an elee mosynary institution, with email margin for the Par ment of o ffi cers, it was neceesary to have gratuitous trusteeships, and in order to induce men of substance and prudence to fill the office, it was found necessary to diminish its liabilities. Accordingly an act of par liament in 1844 exonerated trustees from being answerable for deficiencies in the bank, unless so far as they chose to declare themselves so liable, or so far as they had themselves actually received moneys. The relaxation of the duties of trusteeship in savings banks was followed by, if it did not lead to, some very lamentable defalcations, more especially in Deland. There, a saving! bank, of which the funds had been abstracted by the actuary, wits still made to coptinne its operations under the advice of Mr. Tenn PaArr, in the hope.' of recovering where withal to meet it. demands. The experiment failed, and a very . natural plea of liability was brought leeward against the government. The treetop, then, could no longer be shirked, and a committee of the House of Commons was appointed In 1848, which iecommended that the liabilities of the trustees should be better regulated, and auditors appointed. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER bevoght in a bill in consequence, repealing the clause relating to trustees in the bill of 1844, and appohrieg auditors to examine the accounts at certain periods, and compare the pass-books of the depositors with the amount-books of the banks. It was not the fault of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER if he did not carry that bill in the ma sks of 1848. But the opposition which unexpectedly smiled it was of the moat violent kind. Po .r Lod Ozoaoz BENXI:4CE was the foremost to denounce it as " a Star Chamber business." His lordship haJ been Informed by divers 'envies of ravings barks that the sight of depositors coming on certain days to the office to have their books examined would create a panic first, and then a nth upon the banks. Moreover, the appointment of auditors would necessitate their being paid oat of the profits of the backs, which would increase the fees, and rob the paor. The act of 1844 had occasioned an additional expense of lls. in the 1001., and this had caused a sentib% falling off in the number of depositors, an effect which tee pro loped measure could not fail to defeat or to aggravate. 1 1a addition to this argument it was alleged that the English savings banks were as solid as a rock, whatever their Irish sisters might `he. Upon inch heated and hazarded astertiors :as these, a, like the protec'ionist leader who made i ce, " England " was loft out of the bill. And al iiimagla the committee wee renewed in the last session lif liament, their labours, such as they were, were directed towards the Irish exigency. As usual, no remedy can be applied to an evil in this country until it has reached a cer tain maximani of flagrancy. And this, fortu nately for future depositors in savings banks, has been the case in the preterit year. Two for three well-known instances attracted public atten tion, and a great many more instances have escaped 'public knowledge. The suspicions of the trustees , have been awakened, and a remedy applied. ;Nothing, indeed, can be more simple or easy than for a body of trustees to do this; but defalcriclie hive 'occurred in so many instacces, and public suspicion ;has been so aroused, that parliament must interfere, and a bill be brought in for the appoint ment of some officer to audit the backs. Whether some officer may not be found amongst those already performing public fanc.ioce, and endowed with a public salary, who might add to his other duties the examiner of the books of savings 'banks, is a point to be considered. At all events, the expense of such audit ought to be borne by the dis triet, and not by the poor. . 1 1 A more immediate question is, how the unfortunate depositors of the Rochdale Bank are to be paid the ,amount of their, in many cases, hard-scraped saltines. The trustees are few, and whatever their desire, should the amount of the defalcaticn reach 70,0001., or even 50,0004 it will be impossible to refund the debt in full without a subscription. These have been resorted to in similar cases, none of which were, how ever, so serious as the present. ! Oa this subject we publish the following letter received from the Vicar of Rochdale : TO TIIIIIIDITOR OP yes WXPRESS. • received - • hem J. Harris, tits,—l have _a..ed a cheque _• . e, E.g.. of Darlington (flee pounds) as a donation towards making good the loss of the poor depositors. lam desired by him se acknowledge the receipt of it in your alumna. lam precluded by the incomplete state of the investigation and ether circumetaneee from entering into any particular* re • smiting ttat defalcation which has so justly exci•ed public attention and sympathy. I may in general terms state that the trustees and managers (whatever their legal responsibili. lies) are, with one r two exceptions, quite alive to their moral reernsihilities, and to the fact that the d. rsitors have sot only the general claims of justice, but also the peculiar claims arising from the inference that their very deposits are pledg aof their being among the best members of so ciety. Bat it must be borne in mind that there are only eight trustees—that the managers are peserely only men of mall means—and that, however willingly they may lathlike thmaselvis. or however rigidly they may be sacrificed, the enormous deficiency cannot' be made up without public aesietaisee. F.a reason‘ already stated, I cannot enter at plasm Into the acts by which they have been deceived, nor into the question of the extent of blame to be attached to them. On these points there will be investigation and judgment in due time and by appointed eathori•v. —I sta,&c., J. B. N. MOLESWOR 1 Dee. 3. Vicar of &Aida*. IT is high time for government to adopt seta._ definite and uniform line of conduct in the matter of 1 convict transportation. Early last session a measure was anr ounced having in view an experimental limita tion of transportation with a view to its ultimate abandonment and the provision of a substitute. To this day there has been no public notification of the scheme beirre reinquished ; and yet we have had the Cape colony thrown into a semi-revolutionery fer ment, by the despatch of a number of convicts to it, against the reiterated protests of the inhabitants. And now, Government having wisely, though tardily, resolved not to force these convicts on the Cape, we learn that they are to be sent to Van Diemen's Land, already super-saturated with convictism ; and 1 semi-official announcement is made about the same time that government intend ;- future to send convicts to Western Australia. There has hitherto been a lamentable want of char views and firm consistent action in the c Induct of government, ;he legislature, and the public with re gard to transportation. The practice has been alter nately eulogised and run down, extended and all but abandoned.. It was adopted without any disti nc t or accurate investigation of its effects and eiVeLcies as a penal ; it was restricted, almost sbindona d, in deference to a vague sentimental cry got up an the convict colonies, and abetted in this country by the advocates of a gigantic scheme of emigration to be conducted by government. The origin of our existing system of ttonviet trans portation may be easily traced. Simple bat.i.hment was a punishment frequently resorted t by all na tions e rly and imperfect stars of their civiliza tion. S . that society could reheve itself from the apprehensi ins entailed upon it by the personal ere- Nam of evil-doers by ejecting them from Its bosnen, it sought nothing further. In Scotland, banishment "forth or the country," (i. e. , eT ding Scotch rascals across the Tweed) was no uncommon sentence about a century and a half ago; and banishment from the county (i. C. sending irregular liver 9 to prowl on their own con- trymen 10018 thirty or forty miles distant) is a sentence that • has been pronounced within the memory of many now !Mtg. This simple method of ridding a sountry or district of regale, was necessarily put • stapes by the tanwilliagmins of neighbaum to be converted into mural togNils' he the benefit of any other commu nity The ant step was to seed convict ed felons to sentlaahomhish either had not the power to retries IR were willing to receive them conditionally. IN:tations were the countries to which d thirteen's, gland went generally deported, an tits senditism apne which they were received was the recorded to the settlers to use the Vcon permanently, or for a linger or shorter period, as skies. Transpertatioo became, in fact, a sentence to pernesmeat or temporar y slavery, the scene of which was the colonies. An English slave trade was established, in which speculators contracted with government for a cargo of rogues sentenced to com pulsory labour, and remunerated themselves by dis posing of them on advantageous terms to the planters. Political offenders (often innocent and meritorious characters) were thus not unfrecjuently got rid of at ore period of our history. Matters remained on this footing till the American war of independence, and the recognition of the United States as an independent republic put an end to the English slave trade with these regions. The accumulation of convicts in the gaols of England set the inventive faculties of public men at work to devise some succedaneum. It happened that not lone before this event, attention had been seriously directed in many quarters to the ends of punishment and the right of communities to inflict it. T d he right of even erring human beings to be regarde as fellow e ven erring bad been asserted. Denise& had been urged to proportion penalties to offences, to 'bateau from unnecessary cruelty, to try whether punishment might not be rendered reformatory as well as deter ring. Two parties took the lead in the discussion in this country—those who, with BENTHAM, recom mended a system of strict discipline under vigilant superintendence, at home ; those who, with Lord HOBART, recommended the foundation of a new penal calory as a depot for the class of convicts formerly sent to the American plantations. The representa tions of the latter party prevailed, for they . only urged tee continuance of a system with which ministers and legislators were familiar. Accordingly, towards the close of last century a number of 'meads were freighted with convicts, end despatched to the they unsettled shores of New South Wales. The idea of providing instruction and moral discipline fur the convic:s, or of subjecting them to continuous useful labour, scarcely appears to have en tered into the heads of the promoters of this scheme. There were no persons to employ the labour of the convicts in New South Wales; and many years elapsed before any other provision was made for their moral and religious instruction than the occasional services of the chaplain to the military corps sent to guard them. New Sruth Wales was, in point of tact, merely a more remote and roomy prison, of which desert lands and a wide ocean were the walls; and within it the condemned criminals were allowed to loiter, unclassified, undisciplined, just as they were in our own ill-regulated gala at home. By sheer accident, a method of turning the labour of these outcasts to account was Lund out. A corps had been embodied for the express purpose of guera ing the criminals in New South Wales. A tether peculiar mode of remunerating these quasi-military— at least, their officers—was adopted. They were allowed a monopoly of trade in certain ar ticles, of which rum was the chief, and such of them as dose to remain perma nently in the settlement received lavish grants of land. Under the pretext of diminish ing the expenses of government, by providing for the maintenance of a number of prisoners, they soon con trived to obtain assignments of the services o. con victs to till their lands, cr watch their herds and flocks, or perform the offices of domestic menial.. The rum monopoly was turned to account in a manner little conducive to discipline or morality. The gran tees of lands availed themselves of the Ithour of their convict slaves with infinite profit to their own pockets and very little to the general morality. Busied in their mercantile and agiicultural speculations, they had little leisure for the duties they had been sent to the settlement to perform. Tam places were supplied in not a few instances by individuals selected from the better conducted or more ape cious among the omelets. From these new and rather questionable government employis, and from the con victs whose terms or punishment had expired or been in part remitted, a new class of freemen gradually grew up in the colony, who asserted their title to a share in the assignments of convict labour, grants of land, and, above all, of the rum monopoly. The feuds of the free immigrants and the emancipists began to convulse the settlement at a very early period of its history. The intrigues and agitations of these partite kept up a constant turmoil, concealed by which, in the absence of a numerically preponderant honest class, of systematic discipline and moral instruction, vice of every kind vegetated luxuriantly. Amid all this demo ralisation there was much energy sod physical prospe- Z. Free immierants were attracted to the new strange land of promise : a feeling of distaste to the gross vices prevalent grew up; and the agitation already alluded to commenced, which terminated, not in the abolition or judicious regulation of convict transportation, but in the exemption of New South Wales from the necessity of receiving convicts— greedy to the moral advantage, and, for a time at to the pecuniary loss of the colony. It is obvious from this retrospect that up to the time when New South Wales ceased to be a penal orttlement, the efficacy of transportation, either as a reformatory or deterrent pueishment, had not re solved a fair trial. And, notwithstanding many in telligent observations, experiments, and suggestions, since made, it cannot be said to have received a fair trial to the present day. The concentration of all our transported convicts, with the exception of the few sent to the government works at Gibraltar and Corfu, in Norfolk Island and Van Diemen's Land, and lat terly in Van Diemen's Land alone, has rendered anything like a proper classification and separation of the convicts, or an advantageous employ ment of their labour, impossible. The expense of the system has been enormous; the feelings and the economical interests of the free population around them have been utterly disregarded; no judicious sys tem for rendering their punishment returmatory has been steadily persisted in. Bat the state of affsirs both at home and in the oolo nies is forcing upon government and the legislature ' the adoption of decisive measures. The non-penal colonies—with the exception, it is alleged, of Western Australia—are unwilling to receive our convicts. The settlers at the Cape, in Southern Australis, and New Zealand, are to a man hostile to any such immigra tion. In New South Wales and Australia Felix a large majority of the settlers seem hostile to it. Van Diemen's Land exclaims against the continuance of such excessive importations of convicts as it has hitherto been inundated with. The question must be immediately examined in all its bearings with a view to an immediate practical decision. To this end it will be necessary to weigh well the rights of the mother country on the one hand, and of the colonists on the other, and to examine dispels sionately.the tendency and effects of tran.pertation as a punishment, both with reference to the secu rity of the, honest portion of society and to the claims of convicts to be regarded as fellow-creatures, Ihowever degraded. in FRANCE. PARIS. SvngDAT, 5.30 r.u. • The clamber yesterday spent its entire sitting in discussing the &Oat of the punishment of death. The malt was net for a moment doubtful; the pro w.e to abolish the punishment of death was rjected by a large majority. The debate on the excise on drinks was fixed for Tuesday next. Leave of absence was asked and obtained for M. Thiers, who is sttli suffering from his blisters on the tows, and an inflammation of the palate Several journals this morning, however, attribute his desire to be on leave to other causes. The club of the Beaux Ants, ea called from the plaa of their meeting, has been transferred to the Patois National, where the Assembly sits. This meeting is °Dummied of Bonapartist. chiefly. It has determined to vote for the maintenance of the excise drinksdaring 1850. The Astetteblei Nationale, which is mad to be under the influence of the Russian embassy, has the follow ing: "Will Russia evacuate the Danubian pried *Wes ? We think she will, not indeed bruit*, Lord Palmerston threatened, but because the Porte will have resumed the Russi.n alliance, and intends to unite with the Petersburg cabinet against the redo- lationary The following, from the Constitutionnel of to-day, will show yon that I had been well informed with respect to the plans about to be submitted to the le gislators for their approval by the government of Louis Dispoleon: "The government has lately been occupied with divers projects of law, which will shortly be presented to the Legislative Assembly. One of these projects, of which the first mover is the 4 President of the Republic, is intended to create trea suries for mutual assistance amongst workmen. These treasuries or banks are to be founded as much as pos sible by trades. There would be seism:ate-founders and associate-participators. Both would ba obliged to make periodical parrs, sits. The associate-founders are tobe chosen by the President of the Republic, who will name their president likewise. They should be chosen amongst the wealthy citizens who may be desirous of joining in this work of prudence and foresight. They would have to give their share only, whilst some of them might assist in the administration of the funds jointly with the commissioners chosen by the asso ciated workmen, who alone would profit by those advantages. This is a means of establishing frequent relation between the wealthy middle class (bourgeoisie) and the citizens belonging to the labouring classes. This useful step would destroy every pretext for those unjust and baneful dislikes which so many racialists endeavour to propagate is the population which lives by its work. "A second project has for its object to give to the executive power a stronger authority over teachers in primary schools. " A third project proposes to give the prefets the direct nomination of mayors, who should be chosen from the municipal councils. In case the municipal council should be dissolved, the prefet would have the right to choose the mayor amongst all the citi zens of the commune." The Constitutionnel being the semi-of f icial organ of the Elysee, there can be no doubt on the score of these projects of law. GERMANY. MINISTERIAL CRISIS AT VIENNA. The Cblogne Gazette, in an e'en' ric telegraphic mes sage from Vienna, dated the 5 h inst., announces a ministerial crisis in consequence of a mi-understand ing between Prince Schwatzenberg and Dr. Bach, the minister of the interior ; the latter wishes to resign. The treaty concerning the Vienna and Peath railway has been signed to-day. Tie "Aide is to pay eight million fionna convention money in eight payments, at periods of eight years, and 4 per cent. interest until the whole is paid. BERLIN, Dec. 6 In the course of the next few days we shall have several other political trials to record. Next Monday Johann Jacoby is to be tried at Kcesigsberg for his share in the Stuttgardt decisions of the German National Assembly ; Herr Zimmermann, the Burger rr.eister of Spandau, is to be tried for the same offence. His trial will take place in the course of next week. Hopes are entertained that the result of Waldeck's trial will not be without effect in both these eases. The Second Chamber remains occupied with the question of feudal duties ; the members are suffering hom the most horrible ennui—not twenty spectators are to be seen in the galleries, and the reporters have bad great di fEculty in comb sting the tendency to sleep which the debates cause. To-day there was no sitting. BERLIN, Dec. 7. Oar correspondent's letter contains a detailed ac count of the budget for 1830, which the Minister of Finance has laid More the Chamber. The whole revenue of the year is estimated at 91,000,000 dollars, which would leave a small surplus on the esti mated expenditure. The military measures of the past year had caused extraordinary expenditure, amount ing in the whole to 10,300,000 dollars, of which Sax ony and Baden were to repay the sum of 3,000,000. There was also a small surplus in the war department which would assist in raising the amount, and no new taxes or loans would he required. OLDENBURO, Dec. 4.—The Diet having yesterday re• fused to give In its adhesion to the treaty of the three kings, the minister rose in the sitting this day, and announced its prorogation till the 2801 of December. VlENNA.—Negotiations have been commenced with /twit for the establishment of telegraphic lines in various directions. The customs' union between Austria and the governments of Modena and Parma, so long spoken of, has been at length officially announced ; it is provisional, being coecluded for only Ave years, but will continue in force unless denounced by either party within or at the expira tion of that term. THE AUSTRIAN DESPATCH TO THE ENVOY AT BERLIN. Much has been said and written respecting . this important state document. It was the foundation of the various rumours respecting the probable rupture between the cabinets of Austria and Vienn- and our readers will now be able to judge from the Pollowing transla ion how far those rumours were Pt:aided by the tone in which it is written : 11111TACCTIONS TO TRZIIIERIt •OW PROXESCH, DATED VIENNA. N0T.12. 11349. . . The Prussian go;;;Cii;iideiieesiie right which it as sects of entering into a special treaty with several members of the German Confederation expressly from the conditions laid down in article 11 of the Act of Confederation, and it has upon every occasion which has presented itself given the most specific assurances that it will always consider as sacred the treaties upon which the German Confederation was founded in the year 1815, and that it will preserve to all those states which shall not join the separate umf.deration intended by Prussia all the rights and duties arising tram the said treaties. These solemn declarations formed the basis of the negotiations we commenced with Prussia in the b ginning of May ; and confiding in them, we hilly expected the fulfilment of the promise that the treaty of the 26th May should be made to accord with the confede rate rights which Prussia hes repeatedly and confidently declared to be still in existence. Not for one moment have me evert• oked the difficulty of the to k. But as the solution wises distinctly promised us, our doubts were removed.by the confidence with which the as triton was made. It was with no little astonishment, therefore, that we saw in the Stoats Anseiger (Premien official Gls itte) of the 22nd of last month (Oct- b. r) the highly remarkable and astounding disclosures respecting the views which the government of Prussia seems to have entertained on this important question. These views were expressed on the 17th of the same month by the minister of state, Herr Von Bndelschwingh, in an explana tion which he gave to the Verwaltungsrath in its sitting on that day. The principles which that explanation maintains and develops are in open contradiction to those which the Prussian cabinet has until now upheld, and are in their consequences so important that we must take the most decided steps to guard ourselves against them. To this end we shall endeavour sh ctly to state the pith of his compendious and highly artificial conception of the mode of executing this right, in order to examine its mean ing more cl. sely. Herr Von B clelarthwingh asserts that the federal concitu ti m is no longer legal, fer that, with the federal diet, not merely a form, but the most important organic dispositions of the confederation had etas. d to exist, without any mem ber of the confed , ration possessing the right to re-establish it. Hence he concludes that the confederation to be esta blished c. told rot possibly eon, into collision with the federal c tostitation, now n • longer valid; while the rights and duties arising (tom the federal treaty of the year 1815, in so far as they still have an object, cannot in a n y way b e en dangered by the CULlll'ution rot the sew oonfed era ti on, b ecause their preurvati u it previously promised. In order to meet an objection which he foresaw would arise, Herr Von Bodel tchwingh expressed a eonvicti..n, founded upon Art. 7 of the finsl onvewion of Vienna, that no other organ exists for t.:e expression of the will an for the action of the confederation as well as for the epplitat ion of its law than the federal diet, and that the pronsionsl C-ntral power created on the 12th July, 1818, cannot be regarded as its successor, because the otganisation of the cotife. eroti.,it must be considered as di, solved at the same time with the dissolution of the federal dial; from which it would insult that the Central power THE SUPPLY or WATEIL—The movement on the part of the parochial authorities, which hat been commenced in Marylebotee and fit. Pancras, with reference to ih••• supply of water, hen, we understand, been seconded by all the me tropolitan parishes. A very important meeting of represent atives from each parish in London is to be held on Tuesday next (to-morro ) for the purpose of erganising a plan of co-speratien to anticipate the scheme which it is generally andefitood that the government have in contemplaion to propound to parliament, mils a view of piecing the manage ment ot the 'sweet, and water service to the whole el the metropolis under one genera. government commiesien. The representatives of the leading parishes have determined to &acetate egainet any government Van for eenttaliring the control niche water supply.— Weekly Chronicle. FATAL EXPERIMENT.—On Saturday but a man named Peter Pulfoid, In the employ of Messrs. A Irn and Moore, Hampton-row, button manufacturer, cam.- to his death nn•ier the following eiTCUMMAI3CIII. "thong amused his shopmates, as he had (request ly dose be lore, by limning summerseta, he tried the experiment of seeing how long be could bear suspending by the neck, for which purpose he fastened a rope to it, and siWr hangiost a so ry short time he began to turn Meek in the lice, when he wea icumedietely iced down by a man named Cl.fford. It was then t ,und that I the unfortunate and toolbh man had trill-4 too much with death, for all efforts to • es•ore animaiou were of no avail— he was dead. An inquest was held oo Dd ,belay la..t before Dr. D Avies, at the house of Mr. Smith, St. 's Inn, aed a verdict of " Acciden;al Beath" .turut Bioninghans Goatee. THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1849. le to be regarded only as an authority arisiog from the instils diate anewrieg tar the direction of general affairs, and imb ibed nay farther keel saiseenct, the ugh, from Its monarchical sherseter, it has ism unfitted from the first to express the Ciellisofaccafedesselonefladependent states, end should bare said Its legal's/Ann, in plat of feet, with the dissolution oilimalernian nalleMaleasembly, the foundation of its being. Reffeedina to the views of Herr von Bodehoberingh, the states ell Os confederation have been kept together by the after oasts of the essifedention, and the consciousness of their Wei part end panel of one community, notwitb stendisig that the confederation has het its organ, and with it the laws which governed it; and that in consequence Germany has bee. preserved from aponditian of total eon stitationallesenese(enjossimpleeigUtt) anddismemberment. The assertions put forth by the President of the Vernal taiga Rath may be sammed up as follows:—The federal constitution has ceased to exist with its principal organ, the federal dist, sad, therefore, the confederation itself is to be regarded ss dissolved. 2. The confederation sought to be established by Prussia can not, therefore, come into collision with the former federal constitution. 3. The rights and duties which arise from the act of confederation are to be considered apart from the federal constitution. 4. These rights and duties, inn far as they still possess en object, still exist and are not to be endangered by the confederation which it is sought to establish. The rig to which still exist are said to be those of reciprocal assistance, of the guarantee of the integrity of the individual steg s, end of their proportional claim to the property of the confederation. Before entering upon an examination of these 'inn, it will be secretary to establish the meenive of the federal constitution. We, too, are of the opinion that a constitutinn does not consist of the mere rules and conditions which are collected in the act itself, and that therefore the German federal con stitution is not merely the substance of the conditions and articln of the act of confederation and of the Vienna final convention. But we cannot agree with the principle num ciated that the essence of the federal constitution consists only of a concrete organism, and an unchangeably fixed arti culation of the relations and arrangements existing at the time of its introduction, and that therefore any change, pro. 'seeding from a voluntary agreement of all parties, in the former organism of the general direction of the affairs of the confederation, must neeasarily result in toe aboli tion of the whole federal constitution and in that of the confederation itself. Still less can we understand how, after the asserted instruction of the federal constitution any rights and duties other than those referring to the property of the confederation, can continue to exist, and even if this contra. dicti in could be done away with, we must deny the rieht of the Verwaltungsrath to judge of the nature and extent of such rights. In our opinion the federal conatituticn is a treaty binding upon all, and only to be dissolved with the unanimous consent of all parties to it, as it woe entered into for the purpose of founding a lasting and legal union of the German nations. This treaty and the federal constitution resulting from it is divided into three parts, the first of which exoresses the object and the conditions of the confederation. The second establishes the rights which the estrange into the confedera tion confers and the duties which these rights impose upon all members to each other and to the whole confederation. Ai d the third prescribes the organic arrangements for the direction of the general affairs. It is our conviction, there fore, that the essence of the federal constitution lies in the federal objects for which it was established, and the duties and privileges which it confer. All the rest is unimportene, and may undergo a change. That this is so, and that such alterations were foreseen on the establishment of the confe deration, is proved by the regulations contained in the act of confedcratton and the Vienna final convention, which lay down the conditions upon which the organic arrangements may be nredified. We must also question the statement that it would oe impossible to replace the federal diet by another organ more suitable to represent the confederation as a union of independent states. We must farther qui *lion whether every member does not possess the right to demand the creation of a new constitutional organ for the whole ; and finally, whether every member of the confederation does not possess the absolute right, until the creation of such an organ, of itself vindicating its corstitationel demands in so far as such circumstances would permit, and representing the Anse by the expressiwn of its will based upon the federal 'stitution. [To bt continued.] ITALY. SARDINIA.—Letters from Turin, of the sth inst., announce a grand review on the 20th, the day on which the new parliament is to meet. The king has appointed a commiseinn to examine the demands of caturaliz►tion made by the inhabitants of the provinces uoittd to the kingdom, according to the terms of the laws of ISM ALGERIA. The Moniteur Alyerien, in a supplement dated Algiers, Dec. 2, gives the following details of the capture of Zaatcha: We have just received the intelligence of the capture of Zsatcha, on the 26th of November, at eight in the morning. Three breeches, rendered practicable by cannon and by sap, were entered enthusiastically by three columns of 800 men rich, whilst a fourth column completed by a cordon of troops the investment, which had been up to that time incomplete. If the rash of our troops was admirable, the resistance of Zaatelta was all that might be exptcted from the deadly defence which had kept us six weeks before its walls. In less than an hour, however, the streets and terraces were all c :rried; but the task of taking the place was not even then iomplete. It was necessary to bes«ige the lower floor of each house, where the desperate enemy whom we pursued had entrenched themselves. Many of these were not carried till they and their defenders bad been blown up. These partial fights cost ns as much almtot as the assault. Four hours after the capture of the town, stray shots were fired from amongst the ruins. During this period Commandant Bourbaki had a sharp engagement outride with the people of Lichana. The teams and cavalry at the same time had re pulsed the people of Tolga. Net one of the fanatic followers of 800 Zian asked for quarter; all of thew -o the last died arm. in hand. More than 800 dead strewed the ground, and sufficiently showed how deadly bad been the last s• niggle of which Zaatcha had just been the witness. Bon Zian, his two sons, _and the Cheri( Si MOUSfit, the old agitator of the south of Medeah, retired from house to house into that of Bon Zian himself, where they made a desperate resistant'. A mine sprung under the hone put an end to their live, and opened to us their retreat ; and, in order that no doubt' might remain as to their fate, their heads were exposed in the camp of General d'Herbillon. We had on our aide 30 or 40 men killed, and 150 wounded. Amongst the dead ar • 3 officers, and amongst the wounded 6. Our Paris correspondent informs us teat he is assured, on competent authority, that orders had been issued by the French general to give no quarter. REFUSAL OF A CLEROYMAN TO MARRY A MS BESTIR —A correspondent of the Worcestershire Chr:nicle says, " The facts and circumstances connected with one of the marriages in your list for this week are of such deep public interest, especially to the fairer portion of your readers, that as the avowed enemy of priestly intolerance and as sumption you will deem no ap'logy necessary for my troubling you with a communication on the subject. The perdu both resided within six miles of this place, the gentleman being • respectable farmer and • true son of the church, for which he has always evinced a devoted attachment ; the lady the daughter of a highly-re opectable fanner, a Baptist, who as such had conscien tiously withheld the rite of baptism from his children. Oa Baturdse week last a license was obtained from our worthy vicar, directing the celebration of the nnptisls at the parish church where the lady resided. Accordingly the Incumbent was politely informed that his services would be required on Thursday , the 22nd instant, at 10 am. On receiving this Intimaon he at once sot off for the paternal residence, and was received by the bride elect After being informed that Mr. was not at home, the lady anted that she should be happy to deliver any message he might wish to leave. " Perhaps not," observed the reverend gentleman ; "it might not be altogether agreeable to her feelings—in short, it was to in form her that as an unteptised person he could not marry her—nay, at all risks he would not perform the ceremony." Repurt says (bet doubtless it is the offspring of report) that the lady told him she did not think there had been such a fool in the world, much less a clergy man, and, hastily leaving the room, left him to his reflectiors. Of course no time was lost in informing her affianced of the parson's determination, who instantly placed the matter in the hands of his solicitors here, by whom the opnion of an eminent civilian was obtained on the subject, and as that was derisive that the reverend gentleman would be acting illegally in refusing to marry the parties, a formal notice was served upon him, stating that at the time appointed they would present themselves at the church, when, if te per. isted in his determination, he would have to answer for it in the Ecclesiastical Court. This brought him to his senses; but he determined, in revenge, to inflict all the annoyance he could. He gave the parties to understand he should flu his own time, and if they were not to the minute it would afford him a loop-hole. The day ar rived, the parties app. and at church, but were admitted only just within the doors, the altar must not be desecrated by their presence. So, after fl.st demanding U. for himself and 10e. for the clerk, he hurried through the service, the parties standing round a table placed in the aisle. Such are the facts ; comment is unnecessary." THE RECENT CASE OF CBILD MURDER.—On Saturday an inquiry was resumed by P. R. Falkner, Erg. coroner, at the house of Ann Harrison, the Royal Oak, North Leverton, in the county of Nottingham, on the body of a certain male child, supposed to have been murdered by its mother, which has caused great sensation throughout the neighbourhood. The first witness examir.ed was Mary, wife of Theophilus Burton, who on being sworn deposed that her sister, Sarah Dtek , , left Ninth Leverton about twelve years ago. Five veers ago this Christmas my hurhan..'s brother, Thomas Burton, who lived at North Leverton, received a box containing a dead child, but did not see the child herself. Sarah Drake came to see her parents in 1818, and atoppe d about ten months, and went away in February last. She never said she bad a child. Sue had no idea whe re her siver was at this time. Before chi went away last February the told her she thought it hard her mother metaiohed to her that the box had come with the child, and denied that she ever knew anything about it. —After the production of seme additional evidence the in quiry was aajouriads ne Court. OSBORNE, Dao. 8. The Queen and Prince took an early walk title moraine in the grounds at Osborne. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, and the younger members of the royal family walked and rods as usual. Lord John Russell left Osborne this forenoon for London. Dee. 9..—The Queen and Prince, and her Royal Highness the Princess Royal and the ladies and gentlemen of the royal household attended divine service this morning at Osborne. The Rev. J. Protheroe, chaplain to his Royal Highness Prince Albert, officiated. Her Majesty and his R yal Widmer and the younger members of the royal family walked this morning in Osborne- park and grounds. Sir James Clark arrived at Osborne yesterday afternoon and left this morning for London. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited her R•,yel Highness the Duchess of Gloucester, on Saturday. Eli Ser..ne Hsghocas Prince Frederick of Hesse, oak, a visit to the Duchess of Gloucester, on Friday, at Gluucester house. A deputation, consisting of Mr. Charles Marryat, Mr. McChlery, end Mr. Macgregor, had an interview with Earl Grey. on Saturday, at the Colonial Office. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady Mary Wood lea town, on Saturday, on a visit to Earl Spencer, at Althorp.park, Northamptonshire. Lord John Ruecell returned to Pembroke-lodge, R chmond-r ark, on Saturday afternoon, from Osborne, Isle of Wight. Despatches from the Governor of the Cape of Gold Hope were received, on Saturday, at the Colunisl Office. Deapa•ches were also receiv,d, on Saturday, at the Colonial Office, from the Governor of Malta. SMITHFIELD MARKET.— The commissioners for inquiring into the markets of the metropolis will hold their liret meeting at the Home-office on Tueeday next (t.:-mor row), when it is expected that the City authorities and Peste red deputations will be in attendance. The cimmission is .n unpaid one, and the duties of secretary will be discharged by Mr H. Redgreve, one of the clerks in the lfome•offiee.— Observer. COLONIAL AFFOINTMENTE.—Sir Christopher Raw- Union is appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Madras, in the room of Str James E. Gambier, who retires atter a very lung service on the bench in ladia. William Jeffeott, E.q.. suceeeda Sir Christopher Rawlinscn as Re corder set Pulo Penang, and Chief Judge in the High Court of Criminal Judicature for that island and Singapore. James K. O'D.rwd, Esq., is appointed SAicitor General for the island of Tobago. Mr. Francis Eilis is appointed a sti pendiary magistrate at the Bahamas. Mr. Jobn Lawless is app:iuted her Britannic Majesty's consul for the island of Martinique.--06,!erver. REDUCTION OF TILE ARMY AND NAVT.—lnforma tiou has reached us that it is intended that a reduction shall be made in the number of soldiers and sailors required I. r the ensuing financial year, 1850-51. United Service Gazette MARRIAGE IN HIGII LIFE.—The marriage ot the Lai'? Elisabeth Georgiar.a Conyngham, third daughter ot the Marquis Conyngham, with o..orite Brien, Esq., of Jen kiustown Castle, iu the county of Kilkenny, was solemnised by special license, on Thursday morning, at the Lodge of Sir W. M. Sum :ladle, Bart., Mei Secretary ,Pbornix- park, in the presence of their Excellencies the Lord Lieutenant and Countess of Clarendon, Lord Francis George Spencer and Lady Churchill, L srd and Lady Bellew, the Earl of Mount- charles, Mr. and Lady Fanny Lambert, Mrs. and Has Fortescue, the lion. G. Ponsonby, Major Talbot, of Talbot Hall, county of Wexford, uncle to the bridegroom ; M.ijor Ponsonby, Mr. Thomas A. Joyce, Captain and Mrs. Wil liams, and Mr. Seymour, Aide-de-camp in waiting to the Lord Lieutenant, acd a tel(ct circle of relatives and trieuds. TIIE FUNERAL OF THE LATE QUEEN DOWAGER. This mournful ceremonial is definitively fixed to take place on Thursday next (instead of on Tuesday, as was at first announced), at one o'clock, in St. George's Chapel. In accordance witu the expressed desire of ber late Majesty, ttere will be an entire absence of all the usual appurtenances attending the interment of members of the royal family. The deceased que.n, enjoined her executors by her last will to take care that the rites of the church e•ver her mortal re mains were performed in as plain and Pimple a manner as possible, and desired that her funeral :pieta take place s , nearly atter midday as convenient, instead of, as customary on similar occasions, in the ruling, and by torchlight. He► late Majesty's wi►hes on this subject having been communi cated to the queen, the necessary authority was granted by her Majesty to carry them out as ter as possible, and, as pre dustily stated, there will be a total absence of all parade in the ceremonial. The programme of the procession was forwarded to Osborne, for the approval of her Majesty and the Prince Consort. It is beaded:— PROGRAMME OF THE CEREMONIAL FOR PRE PRIVATE INTERMENT OP HELL LATE MAJESTY ADELAIDE, QUEEN DOWACIELL, Aud is introduced by the remark that, in accordance with the expresezd wish of the decea , ed Quoin, that her remains should tie interred as private ly as panicle, the following limited ceremonial will take place: At an ear.y hour on Thursday morning, a guard of honour will mount guard at Bentley Priory, and at St. George's Chapel. The procession will leave the Priory at eight o'clock, in the following order : A (luard of Hcnour, consisting of a Company of the 11th Hussars. Mutes on Horseback. The Undertaker.. . . A Mourning-coach and Four, conveying the late Queen's Pages. A. Mourning-coach and Four, conveying the late Queen's Lord Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, and Two Lids -in- Waiting. A. Mourning.coach and Four, conveying the Chief Mourner, attended by Two Ladies-in-Waiting. The late Qtti en's State Carriage. drawn by six Horses, and conveying the Crown, licrne by Captain Taylor, one of her late Majesty's Equerries. A Detachment of Hussars. A Plume of Feathers, borne by four Mutes on Horseback. The Howse, containing the Body of the late Queen, drawn by eight horses, and emblaz ,ned with ten Escutcheons of the Royal Arms. A Detachment of Hussars. The procession will net pass through the town of Stan more, but proceed by way of Ruislip to Uxbridge, and thence to Slough. At Slough the cortige will be joined by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Duke of Cambridge, and Prince George, and several Lords and Ladie in Waiting on the Queen. The latter will be conveyed in three of the Queen's dress carriages, the Prince Consort and the other members of the royal family closing the procession in a mourn ing coach drawn by four him's. On reaching St. George's Chapel the coffin will be re moved from the hearse, and conveyed into the choir by ten sailors. The procession will hi re be headed by Garter Kin,- abArms, the Lord Chamberlain to her late Majesty walking immediately before the corpse. At the entrance of the chapel the cortege will be received by the Dean and Canons of Windsor, by whom the service will be read. The chief mourner will sit at the head of the corpse, closely veiled, during the ceremony—Garter occupying the usual position at the head. It is expected that the Knights of the Garter will oc cupy their respective stalls upon the occasion; but it is rotitively certain that no spectators whatever will be present within the chapel. A Hampshire paper states that the good Queen Dowager's affection for the gallant profession of her late royal hushand continued up to her dying hour; and it could not be exhibited in a stronoer body should be conveyed to its final resting-place by seamen of the royal fleet. It is understood that in compliance with this request a portion of the crew of the royal yacht Victoria and Albert have been ordered up from this port to perform the office of bearers of the remains of the wife of our late sailor King. His Royal Highness Prince Albert will cross from Osborne Palace to this harbour in the Fairy yacht on Thursday morning, and proceed by rail to Slough, and then join the cortege, which will accompany the remains to Wind sor. Alter the mournful ceremony, his Royal Highness will return to this port and rectos* to Osborne. EASTER Den.—The village of Idle continues in a state of great excitement about Easter dun. Another die traint was effected on Wednesday last. The individual dis trained upon is a respectable tradesman, a peacealte member of society, and in fellowship at the indr pendent church. He howevvr is a man of some humour ; and, exacting the visit, he bad iogentuusly shaved down two lumps of salt into the image aid appearance of two cones of sugar, which he placed near the door, with the hope that his unwelcome visitors would seize them. As he planned, so it fell out. The con stables came, informed their vic•inn of their errand, and re clues:tee payment of the amount due. Thu the indignant soopleeeper refused, whereupon the officials *sized the pillars of s►lt, which they carried off, to their own amiss taction and to the infinite ammo meat of the owner, to the New Inn, there to await the sale. Here, however,tl-e ruse was discovered. The landlady, true to her sex's characteristic, 0004 not rest till she had tested the qu .lity of the article, and upon tfiting ir, proclaimed the trick. 'the constables were furrified ; they, however, left en invoice of their morning's work, es follows (rerbatim et Uterafins):—Hemoved 2 Suaer Loh to Mr. Harper's, Nue In, Idle, John Stansfleld, Jelin Mine. by. On the following morning the bungling cons stabl s paid a second visit to our facetious friend, and tried to w net ale him into payment of the amount demanded ; but it wag of no avail —the honest man Peat firm to his principles. They then seized a quantity of cheese, value If. 12s. ' They then went to another shop, where they found an equally sturdy customer, anti here they seized boots and shoes, value 40s. In the evening, the story of the " pillars cat salt " having get abroad, an incident occurred which at tract, d crowds of people, and occasioned great excit. m. nt. A person clothed in priestly garments, with white eurplic and halide, went through the streets wheeling a beer° sr,with sat, to sell, carrying a board, on a.e aide of which ass in eec iaed " J oda'," and on the other " Easter Dues."—Brad , lord Observer. THE MAY COUNTY GAOL OF GANT'S being cm p!wol, on Thursday last the few remaining prisnners in th. old g. 1.4 were removed to the new one. Among These was one (a di bto-), William Miller, form. fly of enciptcourch, cshi nei -maker. who had been in mita. mesa thirty five years ! he having been committei on the 3rd of Dec mber, 1614. The old man was v.•ry loth to exchange nis old apartments, and wos c irried nus of the gas ,1 to the carriage which was to convey him to the new prison. THE HON. ARTILLERY COMPANy. . - A meeting took place on Friday m orn i ng, the corps of the Hon. Artillery Company, on then...J.l the meeting of the Annual General Conn, called fd purpose of electing the usual officers of the Co •" I ether matters, It was held in the great hall of the A r L l4 in the Artillery-ground, Finsbury, and ' , tithe romtaZY, ever known, and its members exhibited the nu t * anent, in consequence of the recent warrant coca by crown, disbanding twelve enptains and nine lientahmits reducing all the sergeants to the ranks, as well aa depiL7 the cores from electing, in future, its officers, the p.. 0 th" e y' rrd " , 36 t a ••, 4. Btl h-4 F a nerving t• itself the appointment. The corm cant: was an invasion on their privileges by the govineee;:l,il termined to amend the laws by , which the co •—••• d siri r n m ed in b a y d, so as to prevent the newly-appoie te d . 1 ! taking any part in the manage cent of the ine ti 7.7 of the company. Accordingly, notice was istisel, r . " 41 end 22nd articles of the rules and orders of the coal. 's pareday s mbeforeotiontsoetomaeletedrngan in lieu thereof to substitute other articles. t Yak The meeting, which was presided over by t h e Lin tz , the lion. Henry Fitzroy, M.P., was one tit a vic iou s oiteordant descr iption, and every effort nu aw e h f , 11 11 vestment party to oppose the alteration of th e re CII denouncing the bulk of ne corps mutineers, Pm t7.._bf ru es, however, were carried amidst I v - rendes. e l ie Z One of them ran as follows.—Article N 3. 3, company be governed, except as tJ its miiiary e g 4h, Court of Assistants—cons•sting of the pretide,t, eke e V dent, treasurer, and 27 elective assistants, eight of . shall form a quorum, and that the Ir rd hisp d, the man, and the sheriffs of the City of London kr ,b4";17 _ 1 • being be hon. members. But that no m em b er hold ee 7 rank of ail , er, tr non-commissioned dtiar, other authority than that of elicion by ballot, she. N I L! Bible or qualified for an elective member of the C o " Assists, ts, t inept the colonel, lieut.•cul•mel, sad At ih- craniusion of the meeting, three sheers wer e s i t for the Qu• en. The Lew regulations prevent the captain ge ee ri tti colonel, Prince Albert, officiatino at their court %then 0, 4 sanction of the corps.—Sunday Paper. THE SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE Sliol Yesterday (Saturday) the arrangements foe th street Arland Metropolitan Cattle Show, oroCond ustoi, mst..genitut of the Smithlic.d Cattle Ciao, wers 40 , 14 krproaching towards o.ispleion, stud the speciava, which have eready arrived ate sated try judge, who h i , has the opportunity of seeing them, and who in meny el of the c'ub, to be superior to anything which to err: tog witnessed in the metropolis. Rini royal highness Prince Albert, who, in contentereq the lam, rued demise of the Queen Dowager, it U Aired l c nut be able to pay the exhibition a personal viait an tbis o. radon, has, nevertnelese, made several entries, *lion ise* it ibuted some exceedingly fine specimens of the Brui , a 1 other breeds, and also in the ebeep and pig cla im . BA royal hignn es the Prince of Wales, it is also runurared, lr an entry or two made in his name. Amongst the tha w tributins are the Duke or Richmond, the president ut thi club, the Duke of &viand, the Duke of Bedt rd, the Earle[ Leicester, Earl Spencer, Lord Portman, the Duke ig clench, Mr. Pusey, M.P., Mr. Webb, of Barham, 11vPinn Hobbs, and a number of leading agriculturics la the red etl Counties UI Ellen& The entries this year have amounted to one-fifth am than they w. re last year or any preceding one; and Uwe. a. queuce a vast increase of atcommodatioa bailout ruined nee. y. In order to effect this Mr. &mantis, the na prietur of the bazaar, has added a large building, Una at the nortkPw,t angle, to that por,i-o tat tie doe usually appr)priated to the sheep and pig cla ret. main building, in which the cattle are kept, mus e much the e.m.• as mu', with the exception ot the trance, in which a most important improvement hes ben made for the accommodation of the public. In the iapia Mint department there has been e. wondertul increase inks entries. and consequently in the demand for plicis tor tit axhibiti n of the venom implements used In hueltaedry,ml in every department of agricultural and Warner operuiam; and amor gat the stands appropriated for the show of sgn. culturel pi Auce the most pp maneot are those of Melina Gibbs, ca Raltmoon s reel, Piccadilly, the acedszam taw Royal Agricultural Society of Engand, and th Shining, of Liverpool. In this department additiosal oommodation has been afforded, and that ponies dfh building appropriated last year to the exhibi:ioa of atupencous picture of the Alderney bull, cow and tall, Painted alter the celebrated Paul Potter, by Mr. Wsrd,LL, has been added by Mr. B.ulnoir to the implement depot. anent Another exceedingly important improvement, bra for the comfort of the animals as well as visitors to tit bazaar, has been effected with regard to vendlation. Tay general complaints have been mate, especially before the Introduction of the lofty glass roof to the main buildieg,g the oppressive heat of the place. This complaint has seen entirely obviated by the intrcduction of se number of se traps made in the roof of the implement galls. is, scans effect is tv.dent to any one who will stand fora amen laud. r one of them. Up to list evening nearly all the cattle which had be ta enter, d bad arrived, but instead of the old practice of drimt them through the public e'reets, they have h. en brain 11m the termini of the various railways in vats usually ip propriated to the removal of race horses.— ebyercer. A HUSBAND, WIFE, AND DAUGHTER KILLED.— A t, rribie catastrophe, of a singular character, invuhiag ili loss bit three lives—a father, mother, and daughter, has* curred at Wednesbury, in Staffordshire. A drain nand John Pithier, with his family, occupied a small house ontb side of the Purtway-road, belonging to Messrs. Adams and 'diehards, situated at the top of a large mound of oath, the r. fuse a pi* hard by, but not at present in work. Os Tuesday evening last, the father sent his eldest daughter, named Betsy, out en an errand, and not returning vain a reasonable time, he went out in search of her, but neither of them returning, a'ter the lapse of several hours, the loathe also went out to look for them, leaving three young children in the care of a boy 10 years old. Shortly after the mother went out the boy tell asleep, and did not awake till 2 o'clock the following morning. be then found that neither blobs ther, mother, nor sister had returned ; he, therelore,renton for the purpose of knocking up a neighbour to go with hint to lock for tot m. Whilst passing over the 'taboos atho top of the mound of earth, he noticed a greet hole bias ground. Having passed at the side of it, he went and is• formed one of the neighbours of what he had seen. Thal person accompanied him to the spot, examined the breads and found that the crowning in of the pit had given wq, and no doubt the three parties miesiog had fallen in. Asir fence was promptly procured, and several men command digging at the loose sides; but no one could descend on ere count of the accumulation of foul air in the pt. The an we: e kept at work until Thursday, when they acceded a removing sufficient earth. They then inserted pipes wain off the foul air. That having been done, a Elsa was korai Into the pit, a distance of nearly 40 feet. lie there fogad as was suspected the lifeless bodies of Mr. Pettifer, his mix sun daughter. It is supposed they were suff..cated War they got to the bottom of the pit from foul sir. The bakes were removed as quickly as possible, and an lopes:estop pointed to be held on Saturday. Two LIVES LOST AT FENTON VIVIAN.—On Set day morning last, between eleven and twelve o'elock,ayolil man named Joseph Fletcher, shoemaker, 21 yearn of age, whose father, a farmer, resides close to a ventilating shako! the Northwood Colliery at Fenton Viviau, the tinkle; It which was only finished on the Friiay previous, proscenia " sport " to two of his brothers, of the respective ages Dl If and 19, to let him down to the bottom of tne shaft, wluckS about 16 or 17 yards in depth. This they pront i to do; but on arriving near the bottom he called ohs " Pull up—there's sulphur!" and almost insinedistolf after fell out of the bucket. On an slain bag made by his brothers, a man named JAI& Cook, OW herd at Alderman Copeland's farm io that neighbourhood, and who, unfortunately, happened to be wit an kern/ ran to the sp Jt, and courageously ventured down bi to bucket; but before it reached the bottom was seen, MO to say, to bit out and sit down wide his hat between hi knees, overcome by the deadly vapour, nor did he mow from the position, in which he was afterwards found drat/ Alarm having now spread further, Mr. Edward Methanol, engineer at the Holly Bush colliery arrived, mid ones of tempted to dean nd with a lighted candle, welch at the at Bond attempt went out about nine yards from the stendf• the shaft, when, had he not taken the precaution to cure.y fastened to the pit rope, a third life would WWI have been sacrificed, 'she woe in a state of ineens.bility soh• drawn up. At this time, at the proposal of Mr. CM* Latham, farmer, Botteslew, who had arrived at the salla several cans of water, a supply of which was at hand, "",„ thrown down the shaft, which e ff ectually dispetted the l!!! air. and enabled Mr. Melbourn to descend a third time 0 0 safety, when the bodies of both sufferers were drawn up. 131 with life extinct.— Slerforoishire Advertiser. DREADFUL MURDER OF A WIFE.—On Friday afternoonan inquest was held before the borough eoronen ao the body of Isabella Cheetham, wife of RicnardCheethol!„.! collier, !living in Bollantstreet, Over Darwin , who al° in constquen.te of the brutal injuries which she th celled from her husband. The deceased and her env' d. rer have been married about five years, and were tap!' tively aged 26 and 25 years. The prisoner was rem, during the investigation. The principal witness was Iforf Knowles, a child of nine years old, sister of the cletemeo who raid—When she went in on the occasi..n in Imo° lho 1, ceased and her husband were in the h nate, anel . „,'" was %oboe. 'There was a pen upon the firv, end ~, began to shake it and to spill the water in the tits; he took the pan off the fire, and said it should not go " 'P— unta P. n.id something to eat. His wife said she coulol4d make it without the money. The prisoner repti.d, tt B u d tette do it," and he lifted up his fi st and knocked la! down. He hit her in the breast, and she fell an the tion he then got upon her, and knelt upon her helly rth knees, and beam a kneeding of her" (winking his d es up and down. or stamping upon her with them). Be eoninsene d pulling her ears until he made theno . , t ht Wn,lst he was en her he kept hitting her wi ' h b , ri sides of the head. She shouted out , "011, d bit ear and • neig hour come up and said, " They are !!,!", bells ! " Tn prisoner knelt upon his wife tor about ...deters He then got up and commenced pilling her t!!!!,' This to..k pl ice on the Thanksgiving.day. The deW_ linger .1 until Thursday, when she died. Several otlie!v!". tweets having been called, the jury a fter a short delibT.. Lion, returned a verdict of " Wilful Murdei" arum! by ' riso• er, and he was committed to Kirkdats t await trial. diecu 1.1 on to 11(