The Express. — London, England, 1849-04-24 00:00:00

Eashryedllargs Cochleae. Team Nichols', one of She el die Admiralty, mod -edam who declared that tbeg • large mormelle melee emential to am , sing the savy Rio peat to this bill ins that It threw ems the an. the Weak* ad the ogglger country, as ohm tie Wien Sale hetwass the Seim colonies. The. word pedals toll& we egelvelest that soy other e osekrelle would WOO !fm to monde. (Hear,ihrr3 Tits 10nMe.... of all the net minselfehl ef Lord n sad Mr. Heathen—tin latter wham he len* limed the reelpeola est ol 1822—hod ben that the akeiel aid hisesslogiel tines -4 the ishonee were along with the esselleg fink fundematelly touneeted with the medlise supwierky of Ibis onstry. It was she the opielen of lb. Cs'..sin. whom io his misbrand ernespoodtreso with the Aught§ nevernmest, declared that imothipation is them Weiss mad oe so esment whateeir be steeds& o The Meeshemor /Nathan wn to Oak that mum he modloolc er at least leepediele soil them, to [morasses the sale of their nen MGM Sell them that it weals mkt foe them, sr thelaseerilensess, hale Wt Ica ever, or eves ter a keg lhoth we and wise& • maim* etaldwitil _ta sionefeebase. By imilorthil .0W VAlMM l 7= ei t levities our superior =Wen% "snip mates were every year b= bi lline nit mon able to rival ay sad nenewily dlileellies Meer meoulleneng inmost la lesesesing thdr bet tete. Of what e. On ear smeadeg the sahninthl of our hems end selnial trade. le the loin bop of that 'ninth* ken member Ow Menem bed ewe far—asking Beglemi the wesineep of the mond f they Inked at the United Bens. at Yews, at Bilging, st ihriteerlaud, or eves at Italy, they fond test every .year they wets tassels, ante end MIMI aphis of dispose. lag with on asdaaaaap, and mill with ell oar heavier Urns= Ire wen gesperfug der ib isqr our trade to the =ilidike world. If be that this free trade rele m e the Mee** amen et On_ ta, he would an baleen a mute seerlikih4l4lnemition and Optima te thole Woven ; bat us he did that is woo gib* to hove • dlnetly sentrea • be sheold give hi dedded oppedika te ay shonifeast eingeseent opine. Re bed MOM be hop then' the bill did pre that heels, it would pm' by • erogrela so tweinew as would Warn the Rene of Lens to pew ore they leek • Mop lei to the pi i . = el Ike most pow Moil mes tl e a n t r a ld= ll (Hear, leirs.) Mr. MIOREOOI,IO eishoing spas the dieemelee, would that he 410 set eimpoit se mush df what had been dsoo tits' ibento *Wes whet led ben left nine for our ewe: He dld she epprobsed soy dleaeeeiat ceesepeaese to on shipeesems ham the pea. ef this bill, bet et the mans time he Naas wined *et oven restrieties ha penis& British bed ben resnesed. Re alluded men penimilmly neiriellees en British skipmenen whigh - preneted that mmtaieg their ships when sad where it WO most issandenl Ihr then to de se. He looked epos the amines of that priallege es the male fault of the bill. were ether bamboos ea British 'hippie/ r i a be shemid she wish to en mentred, sash ibe stamps en none assisnoos sad bills of lading. Re should ales wish to see nabbed that hew whisk isle:few with the v1640'11114 of British ships, sad she to tee mur lighthouses pat en the same hello, so them el Frame end Amerin—• semen whisk he be lieve" would rodeos the expense of them establishments one Mil. If these reetrietnee won taken Prey, he lean so eempotitioa whatever. (Rem, beer.) Bet he scald not din. omit that at any see paned the oevigstio• awe had been of any us to the Brink shipowner est bonder. From the drat pie lleg ef Virgins end et the bland cf Berbedose, dawn to the pretest tay,he set see t elelphe t e em of those reetrin- It wee Assn that beelp.hidl ple ikes had any mi tient. notegge is orimpang with the shittikleve of the =7, Bet he Inas& en hang ism the eases of Dec. Blisiline sad Norway, that their ship-builders paid mere i fn their never sad washors thee we did. They got their prioolgel Applog here, and ease over slenderly r ef:C la ekes that they might get a complete out. tipsy_ enhed la Ragland.. He next came to the 'RPM MOM where the Mips of eve ry man tis Iwo hest, adwithed ea pefictly equal terms. He Rent a panel norms of BsfdeY shippiag mitering the pet' of Illamlint tang the snap el' several yeses, enverffing to an ird of the whole Mousse, insisditif the thlprat lie Hanes Tawas, Thum es to 14mila—the ship of that orentry were men in the mote polities ee then of Bleed= Os whisk he had shady ellie). and *eyed a Isaac shin ef the Inds of the United Kingdom ; but we dY ost Owl the. We*r largely into the carry Leg trade tram them pole le Alla Otte were no navigation laws. We did net Iled them etotplog sugar fees the Hannah to Trieste, On* Rabb eldp di d; we did an find them !Mpg** tole te eon*. seas lks• those gauntries in whisk on efarrilaws null ben me Whence, to Trine, Naples, lm inhe. (Hear.) He would on turn to Holland. For i s t i = period she had no zavigetfon laws, and British ships onstantly in her ports, paying in higher duties ea Ade MOON than Dutch math. had if Reileedg g mo, mg meg natural admitted's—if that esestry, Ea• mere swamp, • bed of ahead—bed sod Misceaded ender a eyeing of priest fee trade, sway the oompenition cif those who hod bees the peoemer waits of the omen he weld not wedleneed why oar os powessiag infinitely greater natural advantages —grerMar aspital Ind opal energy sad meterpriee—onid not seessalLas well. (Hear, kw.) It was end that Finland did net sow anew us the same advantages la her colonies which we now proposed to allow in regard to ours. He was owns that is Java end Batavia in gene ea ia Bad tin shim double the 'meant of beim was 'howl se es cdimported in Dinh Me; Oka% alin 7= 0 ...) i s they meet holt to no ems of those Mien In 11•1=11: $ V2=a 411 = 2—taCti we, ire imposed doable dories the ship, sad Amble ROW an the fasietwatiles ami the Dutch fa Men, hopessd double mid eptellseple duties on ships sod mar diendise esteriag fib* enemies. It was tree we had dace a more liberal tang' fa regard to British India—he=lot my what Holland would de in consequence, but SOMy at pest experienee, he thought there was no name la dada that they would treat us as liberally is Jam sail Hate* es we did tam is Britioh India. He next ease to Wain, which in her tariff was equally lintel with Bel- It was true that. in imitation of France, she woe shoat to adopt a mere illiheral system. (Hear, hear.) There was a charge made by Belgium similar to or keg duty on sugar, tobacco, and such like whin impede= from the c3untry of their growth, and they sow pre Le charge en additional doily when such goods were from the entrepots or warehouse+ of Great Britain. 7 6been from the opposition.) Bat emu this wm far mom liberal than our system. for we did set allow th• importance at all from Holland or Belgium of the of other countries. Belgium had now adopted tL eap pet e l: pursued by France ; that was, not of prohibiting, bet of imposing a duty on goods coming from a kedge astrapoe is. stead of direct from the country in which Sigma. produan. Bet, with regard to France, her CORIIIMIaI pommeled had bran eneedholy liberal. What could be sere so than the ermegeenets entered into in 1793 by the Free& W alser of that day and Mr. Pitt, asd which unfortunately were interrupted by the war which broke out shortly after wards ? With regard to our relatMes with Partsgel, them were regulated for a long time by a meet 111101116.11•111 treaty, but sines we bad ban relieved from that treaty, we Mood es the sues terms with raped to Portugal mg with ma n Nan . trim, except that the tariff was sore heave. Is the ems of Spaia, there was no treaty morn that of 1670, which, not withstanding what was said to the contrary, be believed to be still virtually is operation. Genoa had glade .any re legatlens in her aommenial *yews and amidst amid be mere liberal thee the maritime and commercial policy of Rome an Tummy. With the Two &cities we had treaties of reelpeeity, bet dny 1901 mode the offer te admit our ship hem all ports of the world ea the sun teem as they were elk wed to men in from Brink ports direst. le the Austrian ports of the Adriadi our ship were she erbobtod, and the result had been • most Metastasises onanosintiem with Mate. No restriction were imposed as ear cesameree hi Turkey, and In Russia our nip wore admilled as tree es Benin vends both ea the lon and the short voyage. Thee it would be ens that all tht=trise el Hemp sow treated us easels bettor them we them ; and with roped to their power of wasomsfelly orawijas with es n usivigens, bi Seesild way& o r when their pale dial aged men ewe ion of nen lam more eserey, ewe hanky. 'men erememy I. the gilletessliss sad wedded of their ' nuals. then the pee* of Ilissaisday. (Rms.) Re wield ent.ofee lagthebles. se leo& dwell ea the nerneityetabeekaglbidth le sae their ship he the way they esuld &S. UMis their emu admategt. _ sad of rwasiag these ether imams tad rearistimalek new hem ea our shim lag, Mk se sepsis his opielea *Moe _they relaxed the eamictions ea sangia noe, they were Woad foe, I. basest. do awm with thelitmleas whist pressed ea ISMS 'biped's aad the British shipowsar. (Rear, hear ) WALPOLI viewed the question of our navigatioe a nd is three polies el new—many. histories), economical, and omiessi. Is the lest be traced the laws through the Wenn modification they had welsegase. and drew the eseelusicm that the reelpmeity mons, which had bees heed apes us, had ben, epos the whole. advantageous, an d being se, he imbed why it should be abandoned. Under the moomiskol view, he summed up the facilities end galas which the change wawa to enure to the consumer, and be set against tine small fractional benefit the loss end risk with width it mewed a capital of 16.000.0001.. employlag P 40,000 het nil bop. There were 11,000,0001. of send an . mull, exploded In repairing or banding ships. There ware 110.000 IMAMS employed, whose earning. mounted to 6.000,0001. a year; and he found from the evidence of Mr. Porter that there were 40,000 men and buts employed in aangating British 'hipping. Ti. tonnage of that sbippies was upwards of 4,000,000: and the freight of the Bntkh shipoween, which was now going to to transferred to other hands, amount d to betweenV,ooo,o ool . and 10.000,0001. a year. If that freight snaked as at pre sent M pommies of the British shipowner, se in jury would be done • but his argument preended on the presumption that ;he point was dot bit', and that the risk ought not. therefore, to be incurred. (Cheers ) He went back to his former argument and declared that the onus of proof was thrown cm the ministerial party before they encircled to slant& the nany anon law". There was another 4:onside/Vico connected with this part of the suWeS, end that was, that eupp.oing it to be tbstitfal—and he merely put it upends , mint or doubt that the experienced they were traits' was hazardous—that "apposing it tae be doubtful. and that it turned nut that their m. reentile wavy was disiniihed and their Aiming interest depreciated, did they Sissies that if they repealed 'hose laws they would be ab:e to restore them stein ? (Hear, hear.) It had Jahn the accumulation of mauves to male the ,hipping 'Merest what it was, cad they Lest alepen.l upon it that if that faterast wen redeerd to &ay .at exact, the risk would be too mann to be es 4 ha hand that If ma kW it wild he hat 4 . . THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 24,, 1849. wee tame ... _ -- r __ 4 togitatt d __ (Sear, hear) lOsposting the Metes, 110.flitor was 'Snafu& They had a law, age Mt tenslily, bat me ell the WM. Wllilli g e ste e ps HEIM deasling trade, that ' bwithestrarrem a' hap ere gaby to the ship. of ems almaga • dwelt be greeted se • 'debt to the**, Sthei ell eramezy. (Hear, hear.) He Omer& that that set M that could poorildy be asisimit of the United ?Mrs was a peseage fa a mesa of Mr. Hakim% le whisk enaveyed so meetly his fee li ng ea the web tbit he would read it to the beau. It was coatended real endow of the system width was now is open ism, was Mr. Hiskiesou ; that he was satisfied with the Pektilli• of reciprocity, sad took no MCI •olarind view of ilbe: matject. The poems, be was *boat to read midi, he wee out., remove that imprinekie : la the altered Mate ofths word, it ream medley to *- genie whether a palm et esereardel hostility, of weir the too mate tenessey is mend peckibition—wtether &mem et latea dis- Mmiutiag iitise ma Smile athe, with the meal esety of teddy dreg errs fellyrelsitrot epos stir own i Vid in th ui L4sort• et forego emestries—wes• room he TOM wen to NI% mil meet ethieb.itpacesemed fe, Mem ii s tom oes. *mite midst I Mlle! Mb kr the every mei andigeta mew % morel wr eolithaV eg would num* bet es te Mit IWO eweseemes to the bi ewe a N o. test. I yilleisslg by MY - en etraskihretion the Merest et our reendestele% 'Mew the puma Manieg clear popetrtion, wm, es cometen, mad eavivady bees to pep be tale syM.s or emembeese waders and reetremel resethtion ; the 1 wl5 vmw the quenten sebly in mihrom tetberdyyteg intsemt. He (Sir J. Graham) was disposed to view it in the same way. L this empardively Narrow. 1.41 Wt. mot meneermat, view abseini s et the gem" I Mee no difeseby in Meting gelatine% a sew vela at MIA 1 bus arrived after musk the% la thinernm, this war of tletiesT l P= in ea tedi al es, must operate meat to the of emeetry wets% at the ems ef rriam theenters thewcid merbse Mow sem abe oftembe 1 whet al~at shithe MIMI Mt • the We emmems and iiniggebat arm eel the beavismulneseilbe ma OM theethee. upon th eme wile hare the greatest area et **elegise et waist He mishit he Obeli MO maid be the abets of retrain; these laws? Tb. Sloe allot meld be to lower freights; tiles, he brliewel, _mead bred to *mem oar exports and imports. It meld stimitiele trade ea* bieream consume don; sad, trade stindiaeso and coesemption lammed, the ieeetrible seassigewses maid be a considerable enlargement of the number both of ships and seamen employed. Sat it would be said, this might be tine of the 'hippie, sod see ms of the world at larp, bet it did not foil w that Great Britain would oblate a Wirer these. This might ore judged of by what had already taken Om. When, in :847, a por ticos of the United Kingdoms was em ted with famine, what writhe come permed by the government with the mini mal* comsat of that house ? The nevigstim laws were suspended, me fat as regarded the importation of eon. (Hee% Mar.) What was the *feet? It tended to diminish still farther the prise of sofa, ei enure a large leporraticia, and to facilitate commercial transactious for aroductusg that importation. Was BM ton brought entirely by the vessels of the ocientries where it was produced ? Were Pirmaises, Revisits, or eve. Americans the carriers of that core ? The same return, to which referee/a had been made, sad which showed that in 1847 there was as immure in crease la the treportatiee of corn compared with a former period, showed also that, so tar from British ships not having their fell share, that earn was imported in a larger ratio by British ships than , by foreign ships. (Hear, beer.) There bad been a progressive increase of sumo consequent on the reciprocity wages of Mr. Hashilescie ; Oar bad in:. creased trim 176,000 in 1824 to 212.000 in 1847. 8, far from there bring any came fee slam on this bead, it ay peered that every rs terra hitherto had been followed by a progressive increase in the neither of British era seen. Bat could we remain as we were with respect to these tr. sties ? In the construction of these reciprocity treaties, especially those which contained what was knowu as " the mat favoured native clause," the compileaticia was so great, that it wee almost impossible to state what were 'our treaty engage eats with reference to foreign powers. (Heir, hear.) When the late government bad sought to draw a diethectioa between s'ave and free labour sugar, so as to admit the latter on more advantageous tetras, they fogad themeless hampered with such engage ments, that, alter risaittieg the sugar of Java and Manilla, they were essrgeSea to admit al* that of Leonid tea, and the slatregagera mpg of the Voila States. The question even =Meier OW treaty with Spain, whether Cuba sugar id net be admitted ; and though the point was argued with emeneemate ability by his right hos. friend the mus h% foe the Ueivenity of Orford (Mr. Gladstone), to whose opiates Se (Sir James) iarilined, yet it wee certain that Spain was highly elbeatiefied with the interpretstica they put upoa the engagement, and it was very doubtful if the subject had bees submitted to an collimator, what his award would have been. (Hear, hear) This was merei:y a sample of the E we= difliceltim of these treaties ; and there was no doubt be infinitrly preferable, unless ems imminent and mime danger to our trade were Ilk. ly to arise, to repeal the navigation laws,. and thes give simplicity to our arrange ments with foreign powers ; for there was no such danger to trade at justified their continuance for a moment. The bon. member for Mittintret (MP. Walpole) had alluded to the'bfeet which the navigation laws produced on the price et emits% wool, and sugar ; but this direct increase of price in the eseinum formed only a very mall part ef the entire ems; tbefedireet effect of theme enactments on all the inter Mir et the ameaunity constituted the great objection to theft. MOW, Marl First, hew did they effect the mu shiest ? ^at the hoe. seadwasa had designated absurdities were real grievances and isameiniente to the transitions 01 1 sematerce. A merchant waa naturally enxioue tenet his freights as low at possible ; he had to enter Into competition with all the merchants of the civilised world; and what war appa rently a very small increase of freight, might Weetitate the satire pr, fit on a transaction. (Rear, hear.) Under our navigation laws, no merchant could bring the cochineel of the Canary Islands from Cadiz ; beams the Canary Islands, under the purview of our nevirration laws, were held to be in Africa. Mese, hear.) A wine merchant, having engage- Inen6 at Lisbon, could not import Medal= wins from thence, because Madeira was constructively held to be in Africa (Hear.) A 'merchant trading with Boreleam, which was the great emporium for a the dl es end gem from Senegal, the French oddment °Ms N . Neat of .k we precluded from importing those articles from Bordeaux. (Hue, hear.) So, aloe from Aetwerp, Amsterdam, mad the bee pert, of Holland, the merchant was prohibited `em hi/Waite/ I* th: articles which formed tke most *lath* pars of geode. He was satisfied that the ins iedietents to the flee some of trade, as experiseesd by the nee. shoats of this country under the navigation laws, untisted not merely in the lOW to whisk they were thus sub jutted, for wbith they were of course compensated by ea extra prim to the costumer. The hon. sad learaed gentle st*, might find it eery to Wade* this loss ; but the iodine* effect of th ese laws ea commerce it wee impartible to esti mate. (Hear, hear.) He would now pan to the manufac. hirer. The great object of our policy with* the last four or five years—and a more laudable &Jut could net possibly be conceived, considering the Latensity of our manufacturing rivalry—was to lower the pries of the raw article to the manufacturer. (Hear, hurl The hon. member fee Man chester (Mr. Bright), !peaking the opinions of his con.titn sots, was most anxious that set ry encouragement should be given to the culture of cotton in India and to the increased importation of that commodity from India. Our fellow sub jects in India fought by the side of our soldiers, won our battles, covered themselves with glory, and were marked with a heroism not unworthy of aliases with British soldiers. (Hear, hear.) Still, there were abort emus of coven from Bombay, end short complements of bands in the British ships, for bars were not held to be British subjects, end , the whole course of commercial transactions was immensely ' impeded en exeunt of this distioctinn which the navigation I lute kept up. (Hear.) Take the case of wool or cotton boa Awash% or rotten from New Zealand. When the , demsad at home was most intense, sad when an early sr ' rival was el the lest inipartaneethe navigation laws constantly I stepped ie mad offered impediment% to prevent the imports- Sea exactly at that Wags% when stocks were low sod im ports most thetrahle. (Hear, hear.) But when the difficul ties eisirietith were overuse, whoa the raw emerald wee ebse and the article mannfectured, thew laws of. tmei begediments to its ezport. Foreign ships lying in oar per*eall mem Mead* our own colonies. were prohibited from taking ear manufactures subsea (Hear, bear.) Bit them laws went a step further, and imposed Mal greater dif- Amity on the miamfeetaxer is drawing a apply of the raw material from say other country. For instance, if the demand was *tense lies cotton in Liver pool, while the market was sleek in Frew.it could not be brought from Ham to thienthatry. (Hear, hear.) Again, Java Nagar could net be brought from Hol. land in the raw state ; vaned it might be imported. (Hear, Msg.) The copper of Cube, in its raw state, might not be ime. from any coun tr y is Hume : when smelted, it to imported from amour. Brazilian produce, dry essid sat be imperesd from any European poet ; but MI ad egg to the manufactured article beer ) He weal - next pm to the colonies • and he meat Mere his artenbluneat at the Images', that dad bees bad m this subject by the right hen. member for Stamford ((He. Retries). He said that the colonies generally had not .ed against them laws. Australia, Ceylon, Trliti -114 bad remonstrated, *nee and again, sad in r. seer so that they could not be overlooked. Jamaica a year = re ego, ntons'tated in the strougeet manner • w hat , had them Incurred he, not being in °SIMI secrete, did not know -(hear, hear) ; but it was certain that, in 1847, the inhabi- Imam Miami* remonstrated in the strongest wiener ivied SISSILWYWation laws, and said that the only compensation Mak weld ha given to them for the alteration of the duties ...tr was to be found in giving them every facility for their produce. But this was secondary to th e use G =lii. (Hear, hear.) He had the strongest conviction that aimless the government fell back on the policy of iot- Cla protecting duty on !feign con, as duinguithed : li the growth of Cush, if the navigation laws were meintained, the loss of the Canada to this country wax in evitable. (Hear, bear.) He spoke upon no slight autho rity. This wee no new view of the subject. So tar back as I 1826 the late Mr. Alexander Haim, in the debste already rellthred te ea Mr. Huskisson's motion, had used these me. mega* meth : WM velamme to ear Mehl meth, be melt say that melt was the shorten deur dm& emirs missies Oa it o.ss sat models to Mom bat by Orr Gem all the advantages of a free 1 seam, awl elledied dm to m by sets ei redeem ark libaratity. 1 11. *ISOM is dethelie * weer* Um. the etameea which the 05 Wen gmellemum bed Mel yr aceasesey. fins tko Aseminim mm lbws arise Mt thee men WM , me im ow their ma Meese; ent b wes not pima* to meth thal by Adams, sr le Mess. MOM& to theseemyembelete Uwe attached say hapetheme le the malateasees of the solo nisi relation with Coeds, us time was to be lest in this la It was light the bees evpl4 ant* , • taiiia . ' *raw litatla tastier saythat wrhiet ur . $ iisTOW e latalla bli ra that wet It strong? recow wider telesedeetrestels " 44l: .fit II saga r mare. Ms sets a; tkiii ste- Wt. IP 1-est A with melt IS eetetitrthaa able Sol 41 deserveiVsteet AGM* wbelli• •• MllO re lID be with Cli mimed. Oileardstiaq . Ns elegy Russia aspired Is laws is 11131, sad we bed hag s &date imagistic. from di pawn spirit el that oar Wu& stnusiesesea suet be revised, et tb• limas- des of alai "we „ en sow atjetai wttaill le abeentissid. ova. (Chem.) Now, be lad hurt th e how. member for Sooke-upeaareat (tar..llMarde) oil the home andthe wane of a Mem debate to de Way MO sommely, so grab ,Ws mespelithee, and all wadi be fight ; bat he (Mr. Wal- Meta pahs to thew thee monopoly did me exist, that fremoothdo t bamam % aasilkat is itself, was sea ap es the poostossa. If they Mast Micheal% per , mall heed, be able to carry an their 1 • and 1M et w= eleaeled articles fee whisk a Mee; hel bees mood %LW% amber (11t. Rearde) woe imeght la Ledge a poet that there was se mpg* with referees' la thipplag. Ilir. RICARDO.—IesiI the nalmommalsel alibis Mr. WALPOLI edited Semite eme shosevat e lp r zo n a the GSM et . 1; ad he saboped is more larly Ile It toli it this free trade maishen the home. He , Med le km% whether the %Maw of amoebic& did set messed wpm this gtheelple—thet it would always egad metal thle that diriedis when It would make the greatest Palk lid Mother they could apply that principle he a bade or. bedsore which wee • stemma necessity, eases the effect et it might be to tais away ' capital ? AM it the egad et esoptitian were to turn 'awls! away teem the mane aid docks et this mats to the pone and %thenf a rival power, they would thole dad that fres trade, though applicable to interns' local ' barter and embeep, was Way lemplisable to iweroatimal (anise. which was the min Loadieism etleglaad's mes ses (Ewe, bear.) Raving thei dealt with the ecosesni- NINO lithe melbas, he new tumid to the eart eel con Mendes' it evolved; and if the sesnamical Mosses web aot doubtful, but would be oesiderabla, still he sea-, traded that they ought not to seek to have those ado= if by doing bee they weedd impair as endanger their greateme. (Chace.) This was the met imposed pert et the whole question; and how had the government dealt with it ? They had broeght to the neserrare of last year =perfect avid-nor. They had manned a variety et ea am side of the merlon, and veer few on the elks Mao, hear.) They had never refolded lloelo view et the ease Mite hoses; mad the 'Odense they teok spa the natheisi pert of the oldie: was coalsod to the simple teselesea el cm wham. Wm that the way a government shield opal law whisk had sided Ora 160 eon, end erlibli hod eslonded the I=V the emustry 7 Was that die my in wid th strot ahead be dolt with, par t icularly as a eemmß she wm sitting la the ether lease at i n linnet al sea time eses in investigating the matter wlth te Mame mad mussy 0 Mese/ Os% see Abeem pre to lave waited null Om gad make Hmes aseseinted with the result of eat asometittees dailleseadeed ? (Hear, km.) The mama labia to the Hem ef Leeds supplied the pipet% deed that lakes in the Hare et Qsainions; for lath= na b i r m emembeil the Vise-Adadrel of Inglaad, Sir Geese &YAWN& Alma ; sad by their eencerrent tee limey they me and all %dared that the repeal of the sr rimless lam would esdoger ear comasereial marine. and that that marine was the lembition of our nafiesal meet nes illes he Meld let gob the oedema verbatim" bat he world raw le tie poises% whisk it contained mob: ofereme-sassely, a semly •et *IMO shipwrights ior IMMO, eve vessels, and also a amply of able NM'S el as Ms. Mr. Herds had declared that the royal &chyme' sold not be supplied IA e a =e 4 = obtaining am from private yenta sad ears sad that when the war Woke out 639 enrols had been w holly bath or repaired by the saes eseleyall ispisao swamis' establishments; and he mr aeW that. mime it hod bees for the aerchant _sects,, war wall net have bon tarried on. This cvi 1 Imes ems smedeside, waited es it had been by that of %Mho MMus ethe asked U there wee danger of invasion Methem Mises would we have remote, la order to put Me meg late a illele of efaciesey, sakes we west to the MOM pods ? At the time the Prime de Jollied% was wide., sad when MR any was opposed to be inothient, what did we do ? We drafted away them piste eatabliaiments 1,600 shipwrights, who pelt sot navy late a state et cadency, and then, when they bed dime the week of the satires, returned again is quiet and order to their own yards. (Hear.) So mach for the supply of skilful shipwrights, U they meant to keep the navy in all time and essergenodee ia as eflicient stare ; and now, with regard to the Renal"; of the navy. He would only refer loose teetiormy wthis head, and that was the Vice. Admi sal of Kaaba& who told them that in 1794 the vletoy of the let of lase sold not have besn.gained if it had not been for the aerekent service that when the war beaks eat we bad no more than 20,000 soma dispersed In every quarter of the globe-- diet in a few months that amber wee doubled—that 60 sail of the line, by means of the merchant service, was fully equipped ad maned—that we were then mare in the east—that Lard Hood had indedeat command ever the Mediterransea, while oar own -theme' was kept clear by 27 sail of the line—ee that "ships, ockaies, and commerce" wets then kept secure by means of the merchant service. (Hear, De Bet he mien be asked whether be would keep the navigation laws as they were, notwithstanding the glaring deism sad dim/Malaga whit& had been pointed oat in them. His simple answer was this, that upon all ossesiess when a defect was proved he would apply a remedy ; but he cateadved that the wheel policy for the government te adopt wee, to draw their seeseures tram the results of past expeesee, and to see whether the law, as it now stood, did not furnish them with the means to apply the remedy. If he undautsod the law aright, it combined two principlet—a principle of protection and • 1 principle of relaxation. Asesedlog to t'e former, their 1 ship most be amleated by a crew, of which three fourths were British esems, but, when ecasioet required it, the principle of rehostion stepped to and declared that the geese, by preolemerson in council, could dispense with that amber. Re Melee& to adopt the deliberate sentiments et the Wee led at the head of the government, and which wen experai la be able chapter on the " Wealth of Na tions," is• mesas, that was worthy of a minister of the crown. He was be preening a law Which was, according to Adam Smith, " mese the wisest of our commercial regu lations ;" and in the Iseguage et the hon. member for Buck. ingbasethire he womiC madabe by observing—" I cannot incur the reipmeibilities by my vete of hazarding an empire, gained by so much valour, and guarded by so much vigi lance—an empire broader than both the Americas, which was cradled In its infancy by the genius of Bacon, and conse crated in its glory by the wisest of statesmen—the empire of the ma." (Load them.) Sir J. GRAHAM said that, having hitherto abstained from treepseeies so the indulgence of the Man by the en premien, oe hie sides apes this moat important subject, he hoped he might be marred if he felt anxious now to give hie view on the memo before it was committed to the dial judgment of the hese an this its final stage. He had listened to the tone and temper of the speech of the hond gentleman who bad Po seemed hie seat with heartfelt . laser, Illeo.) That hon. member for Stew Ci li tgat it) bet OM t expressed • wish that eeneelelle sheald speak sial la placed his reliance upon the pillows whisk bad been preseated to the hem has the end which certainly had emenataillelth ble in point of numbers. His rigitithes the m ember Stamford, referred to mem in eallgerb. (Sir J. Graham) could collect t h e i r sleben throngli their representatives, and he maid milt hew did the two members for Liver pool • shit (Chem.) How the members for Glasgow sad Neweastke ? (itemewsel cheers.) One of the members for the West Riding of Yorkshire had already voted for the measure, sad he should look with enteety to the vote of the second, fresh from that part at. the ceantry. The opiates@ of the trade and costa es et the coustry me to be collected tram the tow at the representatives of the people; and leaks to the representatives of the great em poriums elommeree, it would be fond that they were de aid ._• theeneelde to the memo& (Heir, hear.) He %Ma awri seller to the speech et his boa. and learned friend who =ei ti t issi and who divided the subject into three' gnat , easnissioal, std national. And first with resest le the histories! view et It. Hs thought it highly apillemi that they slash look back to history ea the su m a the anigasion laws. He had always miseellue thee the Nal ales at these laws wee to he leased ii that aid moreeadle system which he had ihmilid was beg age espieled, sad which considered esamme to be • Nogg% ammiget nations each 'te Mesh le heel the begot pease of the preciwas mask end sapidOw mass of arriving at that ma Si be this that what sae nation odd enV be gained 1g the equivalent ices of all el es. Bat he regretted to say, ke saw at the oases time a Mem ingliaaden sad eadrower to maseitate that —te eleolam Mb to the dead Meg. Hie hes. end lamed= —te le m=isa his be :Vat is Ide historktel view et the he we set mess% He said that the eat et Orem 11. bad eadmatly sasesestel—that Ns elbet had boa to resture t r wet previously de- MOM caearnmen. Bat ease the perks et OM am (he wo speaking _ _ maim wig) altos the yew 17410, Rego Castle %Sane that ihe sliest et the laws MI = been to drive With ship free Il e:d Gresaksi t sad greatly be MEM& me memo.. I° Is 1001, Sir J. Chili admitted the resat el this that the seed at then Was led leis le dotes tr. -0 . trade and paddy te &Male • ear ship. Heels ems to the period Miss seeks and the Pm& Maktionary war, we ware ideas est by shots*, hat sees OS, limbs oar mean t sad mew tote isty Wads We weee then para • ear esnesseas lei bees Meseed and withered. asd for essie Saes did set zap% ite vigewr. Is UP sad 1926 the promo sea Imp Imam Memo eases opeeially in the Battle; and it wee a gsasien whether we Amid Max tail bather rat the lan peas motets, and the deists was upon se. We bided set base &else bat asessolty,md the relaza dm was mod* semithrearellas peat egposition from the sideplate interest is Missal ;peal& IN hon. friend said be was mush afteled to the Oriels of reciprocity. He (Sir J. Graham)) thought that Om that expedient wee adopted by Mr. Hakims isms& miasmal politic expedient, ermalfarlsg the keg demise et degoseies Still in the abstract be did set attach meth oboe le the OM* of reciprocity. He considered it te be snide, the istureses et ethers the measure of war iatereele—he had ahead said it I me sehleg the folly el mhos the mom of our wisdom. 1 R: this He woad eardlelly eappert the third read- ' of this 101 l although te eta deem In it en this es ' If, however, he Maly %awed that reciprogity, or 'retaliation, which was reciprcaity la meths shape, would be freely anted ea, he would say it was mach better to leave the navigation laws se they were, ad set act upon such a principle. Bat he believed teat the bill retained the principle of retaliation, merely to be adopted in extreme ems of exception. It appeared to him that every reason which ex isted in 182.5 for relaxing the rigour of the system then in opeatiost might be nerd with still stronger foram now in Mese of friew telloa•ton. He could not regard with in- Millessee the communications recently opened from Ironies* \IMP... The President of the Board of Trade es a former maim read a paean from the oom.ssleetles of the ratio& neater is 18!109 Mt Majors ammo% wish Ima : izl oplefieineco them& uis the -•-• - riege a t:anthy gigfilsrbish fi lerz t „..,,lr a His hail WNW foot bawd SO it0 w. " 10 • 1 3 4- 01l ; • • • egg if f — this l ta that the fi MOM list eitsatey, *log in • of Indspendess inkfle t was to *lot Von dm' e l l s ' whet Ii a meet Othrhand exception AS j acid It weaffidifild,llm illniksgfinder those and at OS psedialer steldelik - TM waist. righly then, was Rot now inepgropriate ; items riohn ai remember that, in preset ekethastances, we were ate able to trifle with respect to the Omar on a quession of snob vital importance with reknonee to their bade with kerns powers. (Hoar, hear) • Pemba from the colealsts, he would ask was it ordain that thew laws were knowable to the shipowner ? As a sample of the hardship they ha rdapps him he was probilthed mitkieg say re p airs in a e rart beyond the yarn of Ms. per ton, however urgent udgEt be the extremity. nth there were the enact lasts with respect t 0 height, to the registry of seamen, to the number of tiees, and all theft ideate regulations which in sesie le. of these laws had been imposed upon him. and whisk by their repeal ho would at owe get rid of. TUC did the British sailor really derive say benefit from thine laws ? He was disposed to believe that the Miens on impressment was very much to be traced to their existence. (Hear, hear.) He was quite persuaded that the regulations with respect to arprenticts operated phut the wassan, ad dadaist to the lowering of his wages. (Hear, hear.) There. wens various regulation, all mbexteasive with and dependeat on the navigation laws, the taxes wags, the Merchant selllllllol fund, and other mattelh which must be repealed along with these laws. He was tether! that, with the increased demand for the etervlces of messes their higher rate of wages, and the eels:Sion 0 various restricdons under which they labour, that it would be to the ideated of merchant seamen that there laws should be repealed. There remained only the rase of the British consumer—the most important considera don of ell. It was admitted that, both dinetly . tad kill -11 inerma rectly, the . coserneer the prias eaff was er i t povit frons thee; inereLed laws • fretg oi hts a we a r t e . 1 debt imp orted from abroad. The poor man who was the wasumer at any little luxury, however small, foreign spirit, foreign tobacco, or say other little luxury , bad the price of it shamed by these laws. With regard to the manufw torus labourer, they diminished the demand for the article as whisk he was employed. Urns the whole, ha was satisfied these navigation laws were not eentbsalw to the Stared or welfare of any Wass. (Hear, bear ) He did net understand why monopoly ghoul not bear the same fruits in the shipping as in any other in terest. (Hear, hear.) What was the case as to Franc.? Fresco had long had savigaion laws of the most stringent character. Nothing could be store strict, more extensive, Mau the peeteetien given in Frame, or, at all events, given ustil• way nest period, to Franck shipping as contradis tieguithed fins fangs shippink: had this protection tended to the adellaeseasst of French *hipping ? Quits the reverse. Is 1836, newts had 15,956 ships, with a tonnage of 4100R00; in Ind, she had wily 13,673 skips. with • uncap greatly degreased. (Hear, hear.) lAhat was the state of effairs.here ? The house would, perhaps, per mit him to qquote the opisions of Mr. It *mond and Mr. G. Freda ink Young. as to what wan the prosperity of the British shipowner under a restrictive and protective law. Mr. Richmond's statement wee ' "The great bulk of the mossy embarked in shipping here has paid no profit for the last 25 years." (Oh, ob.) To another question, Mr. Richmond replied that until he had bee. predut at the examination of Mr. L.fevre, he bad not been aware how small an amount of protection was let to the British ship owner under our reciprocity treaties and our thanes in commercial policy ; that in tact it was clear little or no Fe der int at all n nuked. Mr. G. F. Young, on this point, felt a ptrfed conviction that the capital embarked in British shipping had, furies the whole period .f his ex. peelers, produced smaller profits than bad an equal amount of apical invested in any other branch of industry whatever. Sach was the view entertained by these two gentlemen of the easels of the system which yet they were so bent upoi re taining. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. member for Stam ford appeared to dispate a point upon which he (Sir James Graham) very much insisted, namely, that if the proposed change was ever to be made, this was the right moment at which to make it. (Hear, hear.) It must be distinctly born in stied by the shipownen that they had gained a vastly improved position by the commercial regulations of the art sor 6 yean. (Hear, hear.) Corn was now imported into this country free; orlon was now imported free; wool was isarrted free ; Canada timber was imported free; the dusty to the export of coals had been repealed; the duty on Baltic timber had been veer monk reduced ; the sugars of Java, of the East Indies of the Mauritius, of Cuba. of the Bras Is, which had hitherto been subject to a prAithitory duty, were now admitted lath the British market at duties greatly diminished. The trade with China had been mate rially extended ; all articles of first necessity, meat, prod -401111, every article connected with the sustenance of man, were now Imported into this country duty free : all these chutes were immense advantages conferred on the British shipowners. (Hear, hew.) Nor let It be forgotten by them, that concurrently with these changes, the price of every article conneeted with food, with the sustenance of ships' crews, had greatly diminished. (Hear, hear.) Hon. gentlemen who sat arow d him, and more especially the right hon. member fir Stamford, had made constant refer ence to the recent changes which had taken place in our commercial policy. They said they considered it a fatal po hey, fetal to the agricultural interest, fatal to the commercial interest, and one hon. gentleman that evening, the chairman of Lloyd., had extended his denunciation of it to this point, that it qgs fatal even still more than all to the work tag clue intenit. Now, if thou gentlemen were all so very decided in this view of the case, he could not comprehend why they had km a single moment in bringing the question distinctly before the legislature, and taking the opinion of the legislature upon it, one way or the other. (Hear, hear) If they were ell so sure that the policy was ruinous, and that it was essential to the. safety of the country for parlia ment to retrace its sew, why all this deley ? (Hear, near.) It so happened that, on the first even ing of ta's arson, elsewhere a declaration had M made by a sobs friend of h is—a declaration which stood on record, and about which there could be no mir ake whatever. He was now dealing with the political part of the question, and, in his opinion, i the economical and historical parts of the question were llht as dust compared with the political put . ( Hear. bear. He had had leisure calmly and deliberately to reflect os the changes which be had taken a bumble share in effecting; Radio Mr frost regretting thaw dosages, he had no hesitation in • %praising the con viction, that the peace and tranquillity whkh this country had ski; ed during the year which had just passed ever us ha ,: teen owing to these changes . _ (Hear, hear.) He was satisfied that any attempt to go bath from them to pro ne:Pith duties, however 'soder the guise of duties of 'input, any ittempt to rails by duties the pries of corn and of other ankles of first necessity consumed by the great body of the people, would lead inevitably to collision, to most fatal coasequencee. (Hear, bear.) At all events, his part was taken ; his stand was upon this ground--oppeeition to reaction, support of progress, tempered by pru , snot and die erstion—(hear, hear)—end it was upon this Around that he gave his cordial support to the third reading of the measure before him, anxiously trusting that it would, without any sin- Mk email delay, become ties law of the land. (Tee right hon. gentleman eat down antliet loud cheering.) Mr. T. BARING opposed the bill. Asa mercantile man, he was quite ready . to admit that, as a general principle, re striction was injurious to trade • and it this country were a mere community of merchants—Of receivers awl distributor of goads—nothing could be more expedient than that the community should be at full liberty to trade in what muses it thought best, without any restriction whatever. The next grievance was that the produce of Asia. Africa and America 0011 la not be imported into Great Britain save in their own ships, or in British bottoms, under the operation of the navigation laws. But that, he apprehended, was more a warehoudap and dock gentiles thesis navigation law ques tion. The real point at issue was whether other nations said offer chewier warehouse room or lighter dock dues than could be afforded to theigaships in England. That mutts real question, and not the extension or repeal of the atavism tics laws. And wee the house to be called on to repeal those laws oa such a ground as that ? The next grievance was that of the edema which the right hon. baronet bad in sisted on very stro ngly. Bat the right bon. baronet was wrong whoa bimodal that every one of the colonies had memorialised the government to abolish the navigation laws. There had been, he believed, so memorial to that effect from the Mauritius, from Ceylon, Australia, and some of the Wet Indian Islands. Indeed, the colonists is tar West Indies ace pretty clearly that when once spiraling* freely admitted into Great Britain in ships of all saffern, they would very won fiad that the whole mut would coma from Cuba, and little or sons Jamaica or Trinidad. But then could be no desist that then must be grievances where there were resisting. The bill beim the house cpnod the whole of the British pHs to the ships of Russia and • Prussia. bet 11 OM dim powers refused to remove the restriseleme 9 6611: 1 1 1 4 cupping is their ports ? What would the meow seat de sour each eirernistauces? The principle of the bill erns to remove all restrictions on the entry of foreign ships into British ports, whilst it maintained all the restrictions en British ship in foreign porta. He observed that no precautions whatever were taken as to the manning of foreign ship; and this, too, lin the teeth of the open aekoowledgment on the pert of the government the* British seamen were inferior to M- I reign sailors la skill sad conduct. (The hon. member's de livery was se unequal se to prevent him from being heard in the gallery.) The government was aware of and had sc -1 knewledged the importance of keeping up the ship-building establishatestb, and of retaining the shipwrights in England, hut how long could thew advantages be expected to be retained under the insure system ? With respect to the reciprocal advantages promised by the legis lative set of the United States. The right hon. gentle man the member for Oxford University well knew that puts tic opinion in America was divided as to the effect of that set; and it had been segued that no alteration of the naviga tion laws of Or.at Britain would have the effect ascribed to the measure under consideration by the govern ment and its supporters. By maintaining those laws, Great Britain could always make terms with foreign nations, by relaxing them as the occasion war ranted ; bat by abandoning them altogether a great and a most effective power was thro en away. Who was it that asked for their repeal? It was not the shipowners—nor the sailors—oa the contrary, b nth those elutes look. d on the l measure as a heavy, if sot a fatal blow, to th , it interests. Wei it, then, the people of Bngla.'d who inked that the nudge- l lion laws should be repealed ? If so, where were tank petitions ? (Cheers.) He had no doubt that those who looked merely to the adoption of a principle would TOM for the bill of the government ; that those who th night the country must suit a ftriaciple, and not that the primigio must suit the cowry, would vote for the bill of the mem moat i and that those perhaps to wino it was isimalidd maritime power, verrfairly give to Trinidad the trade, even though yeti . hmass eeeitt ara w : a th ilii e ala r sa i h e a t ai h beef ee o ika Dt i it iharatiwera a priaaipleporicayi but those told that we shall not again obtain fair sad equal term . I of wer sala wei fa iLtd oe iti a be better able to con ld receive so equivalent from other nations. But we am w asaf en7 dai rd vote for the government o _ _ _ _ eh ought to Now the information which I derive from the papers when guide this country thatin f einee m ra meg ae cf°l - - and vote kind. I conclude that with respect to a greet pert of the d in its have been laid before parliament is of a totally &t enet e . ehem altielag . " pgi eucee n hen i p-----p-- °-- men tion, n w s rolusteat satioas of the world we shell obtain Mir sad equal protictltsist lassehml we era ready to give thou dress to them. Th ere l e 11° - e dva usrise al The etme ne ffeal tions aa th d at a :rit a n b o e t aa te ° p P rep a ar ili • a d Rualai to live -a---- poople end - Ts healeating— he believed pesiiains ?deb° forced late u pon from the time of navigation with thou countries, pro v id e d ~.., th ese equal terms are reduced to throe or four, Prudes, semillseenes th ee the whole argum ent in faro"' of the Spain and , reshape, one or two others. Let us pat the elembeilme the house has been exhausted by the masterly ow l, meet that this bin le rejeeted and that you wait for dressieg ieed i tem . litossiseBll"oat-11114:easIfutIownsifeel o la n, l it aill arlses ealal frot th a t . '" ". =ne Me rig h t to bent- the Imm_,l n _„_, hes ...____ fmt D ..*. e _ a • some yeas before you tete any measures. What will be tbe ) I Mel Mat be went m° OlimP'er,'T " e "" •0 4 _ " "'"' cue then ? Preemie has told us, Ido not consider it a threat, argeliMile, *Mahe touched Ur n a ll P ans a ‘ ""' e° ess ..e i et I consider it a fair declaration--the says to you, I think to you, and Mu yea the ease terms you give. I these restrictions wise, I will keep your wade= with regard l i btlll: ny menner . gmmteantatutledvrthheathathe jhaettet -that I ail very great difficulty in addressing th a mina see that there is anything oppressive in that koala at all upon this subject. But still the deep sense bees down - ( hear , or that we have any reason to complain of suck , which I have date impormes of this questioa 'aka Ine a declaration. Russia has already proelaimed the ems feel that after a year of delay, after an inquiry by a commit- thing that as to other cations she will impose the restrict:fess tee of the House of Commons, and a commit* of which theatres, on her shipping, but she will not do so to the House of Lords, and attar the measure bee been England, use she has a treaty with England. How long twice me tied in the speech from the *c a ge ' dose it last ? It expires in 1851, and from that time Rorie it is time that our deliberations upon the 'subject T. will be at liberty to impose these restrictions on Beg 1.0 end in the settlement of de question. 1 „.• Dh _ e mme e ,.....• l . I :: land. Is it wise to wait for these restrictions, sad this feeling. I ally. which Mama* me "' """"'" -'" then endeavour to negotiate in order to take the se yo. house before we ousel to any decision. I was glad to hear striations off? I remember that Mr. Buskfison held a the ham gentleman who spoke last admit, in a somewhat __ ry different, and, e think, wiser doctrine, and I Lau different spirit from the bon. and teamed gentleman the ''' ___ hare the words that he used after speaking eg m e mber for Mistimes', that ell those 'restrictions of the what is sailed now the practice of Prussia, and the cash* solver require defense; that there must be a strong cese ha was likely to adopt. lie said, " the immediate less roads out for them la order to justify them ; and that there- whichl derive from it is this, that it is pert of political win fore the burden of proof ley& upon those.whe attempt to sot t admit that iis dons, when danger Is foreseen, not supinely to wait for il port them. Every one, I think. Ims' t • ° approach, but, as far as possible, to take familiar measures '• Ira* to enenelor apemen to Irish to bring wool from Aus hi for is prevent i on. " That is the course we me new wring. Roglenel to sulinitlY o ur rft " UfartUren, .." a ... /81T , D 2.. " s a d!! We are told that there is no popular cry for this measure that tore le no nerd guilt in attemp" n g. "• ••••-• - - that there is no demand for it on the part of pubic opinion; to from Holland ; that there is mileally no lin is atta m o r a g but I think we are bound, if we see such dangers before us, introduce American cotter from Havre. The wh • i crime if we have the information which enables as to judge, then must consist in the violation of your prohibitory aeg not to wait until the people of this country come to us come and that prohib.tory law must require very stem: . PO b W' n 'gaining sad saying, rut navigation is subject to your dire'. of argument to defend it. Now this moo* has .b .en lion; you knew it weuld be so, you might have prevented treated by the hes. member in a speech or grels a a i t . it ; we chest you es our repreeentatives to measure this ability as one to be considered he a ra r estion and foresee these dangers ; you have allowed these mere-the historical, the economteal, and the Danz . I must wakes that Ido sot think that upon any of those to come upon us, you are to blame. (H• sr, brat.) If aa ra l t a is the case, I ask the house to agree to this bill and roma there is a sufficient defence for the present Mato el 0 endeavour to weave the settlement of this nation. eke law. (Cheers.) lam aware that this law has been I am the mote impressed with the necelsity of ebbed worshipped as the very safeguard and bulwark of this , been arriving at the settlement that we propose, from mustry, that moat of our MolimeitY in enn"n"e• "" the considerations which have been adverted to by attributed to it, sad that it has been thought a sort of pro the right hon. gentleman the member for Ripen. He has thastion to attempt to alter it. (Hear, Mar.) But my belied that that opinion was founded in error, and that at quoted the statement of a noble lord, that with respect to protection, we ought to retrace our step. We know very M time has it been cf essential 'advantage to the marine of well thet this is not only a declaration of a person in bigh Missellente7. Let us took at the originorigin el this law. Did it authority and in a commanding position, but we know that arks from any view of commercial wisdom-from say of in many parts of the country, from certain classes, a cry has Her views of protection even which are now mid by gentle men on the other aide of the house to be so conducive to our been rased for eerenewal of protection, not upon any tedium article, not upon soy imported goods, with regard national prosperity ? It arose from the wish of the Pratte- ._ _e,_,.. _ v th► great mese of the people of this tor Cromwell, inspired upon that occasion by the enmity and t o which indignation of England against the Dutch , le fester, '" try are not Interested, but they lave 'eked at once for a renewed duty upon the importation of fowl. New, cripple, anti destroy the commercial marine of Holland. I big hon. members of this house to consider what would be And so little did it answer in any other view that the probable eons quence of any attempt of that nature. the right hoe. barenee„ the member for Ripon, has (Hear, hear.) Let them weigh it well. Ism reminded of y quoted the opinion of Roger Cooke, and what the right hon. gentleman (Mr. Henries) said at the other autbors who followed in the enures of the century, ___,_mee of his „mem, whoa he said that we mere making showing that our commercial regulations and our navigatio: ~e - ' "ie agitator., and he called upon us not to promote sedation, laws were most injurious to this country. (Hear.) -Wh and not to irritate the minds of men. The agitation and that or not it was our interest to desSoy the caerying wade of the irritation that has been produced by our pro. Holland we need not now much consider; but what I do posed renal of the navigation laws, is not vey know et, that 40 years afterwards it was the chief object of considerable or very alarming ace - rdisg to the opinions of our policy to maintain the power of Holland. We were some geoid...um, but if you declare that you are about again united almost with the elms sovereign, and our alliance was to impose a tax upon food; that your object is to make food of the closest and most intimate character. Well, what is dearer, that you are not satisfied with the low price of corn, the next effect we find produced hietorieelly by our navi es there will be an agitation of a very different kind, (hear, ties laws end the restrictions attending them ? I find thou hear) and you oill have the great mass of the eel)]. mod:Sons and regulations provokine the subjects of the who are new quiet and contented -( Cheep from crown In America, the loyal and attached subjects of the ..._ opposition) -I twain repeat it-now quiet and British empire, to resistance to the vexatious slid intolerable e" coutented-who silently rejoice that they sue en mature of those regulation'. What was the next effect of abled with regard to articles both of necessary regulations of a similar kind ? You prohibited Ireland from food food, and of those slight comforts which they are enabled to trading with any of your colonies. You fetter,d her by th purchase, to pun hue them at • lower rate than perhaps has most severe end restricted regulations. You provoked re been the case during the memory of man in this muntey instance in Ireland, and it was only by abandoning those during the memory of any one now living-them who are ce g ulatimm that Y ou succeeded In P acif Y lag her ' I say, reeding in that sate of th;rgs , if you proclaim that you are therefore, that in an historical view the providons of the about again to impose a tax upon the importation of corn, navigation laws have been mischievous and not conducive to you will have them agitated by the fear of the suffering they our welfare. (Chen..? Well, then, sir, in an economical may hays to endure from the scarcity which by your ',gists view I think there is most a confisojon on t h e p ar t of the don you attempt to expose them to. And where, let hon. gentleman who spoke last, and of tholot who defend .„... me ask, would be the benefit? Many of the farmers and the existing systess,thate economically maffam a e a t thaw l " - agricultural interest are asking for a duty upon corn. If ft must be iniurious-that them restrictions must tend vs dim'. was a smell duty, mon corn , an advents e s 0 doubt would Dish the wealth of the country, and that no other defence be gained to the revenue' but protection, effective in the can be toned for them but their tendency to promote our opinion of the farmed would not be gained, and they would naval power. I need not, therefore, go into t h e various not be so much &egad:fled as they now are ; but if it were manners in which the present laws ere injurious. (Year, at all • high duty, does any one imagine you could im hear.) Those have been shown in evidence before the ems it, or if you impose It could maintain such a duty? mittese-they have boon shown in various Wittiness to have Does any one believe, in the preset state of this country, delayed and obstructed the commerce of this country. But that if such a bill were to pus this house with four to then it is said that whateues °sa y he till injucY our am- one in its favour, and pass the House of Lords without a mares may suffer, however unwise those restrictions may dissentient voice, that such a law could be enforced? be in • CODlOStftill point of view, they have tended Then I ray, don't, by the rejection of this bill, give to keep up the commercial marine from which the navy strength a signal for fresh and renewed agitation upon tic subject. of this country derive its reso u rces and its °llen e" - I, like the right hon, gentleman the member for Ripon, re- Now, sir, I flak that there ere many reasons for doubt• joist in the tranquillity with which we pseud through a year ing that assertion-and I cell it as " assertion," be remarkable for its reydlutions and convulsions in almost after all the arguments and all the evidence we hays heard every cout.dy of Europe. I believe that three things cos from men of high naval authority, and from persons of great tributed mainly to the confidence, the repose, and the loyalty commercial authority, I have seen nothing at all like a proof of our people. I believe the first cause of our tranquillity of that assertion-I see nothing more than an assertion that a was attache-out to the form of our ancient institutions. In here ere regulations which tend to a monopoly, and there the next place, I believe that trancrillity was very much fore that they must be beneficial tie the commercial marine t owing to the removal of these groat a meee in the T. presents. this country. (Cheers.) Now, let us ace s what on the other tion of the people which existed when the Reform Act was hand are the reasons for doubting the truth of that ass, rtion _ ro d, under the administration of Lord Grey. I thick In the first Instance, there is the ohmmeter of our P people, that, if ;hetet bed emitted last year such flagrant abuses as eminently attached to meal pursuits, readily embracing t he Oaten and Old serum, them would have boon a call for rt. marine as a profusion, distinguished among the nations of form which would have swelled into a cry for revolution. the world as a navel people. 1 own I was utonishedto hear (Hear, hear.) I believe the third reason why the people the hon. gentleman who spoke last, complain that if we were so tranquil dining the imitations of the put year was, passed this bill we obliged the abipowsen of this countryto that the grievance which they had beforo felt of the high employ inferior workmen. Bat I ask him why lotuses . price of fond, caused by legislation, hail eased to exist, the workmen ? I am told that a great portion of the comae relit set of 1848 having removed all impedimenta to the procuring marine of the United States, of which many are so jealous, of food by'the penile uclisaply as it could be obtained from consists of those very British Eamon whom you now call a.. foreign nations. To these errs tircionstances you are, ia inferior workmen. (Hear, hear.) e r Vfha p i is e en l \ the e „ ee , l4 th e : e t:4Z my opinion, mainly indebted for the position in which you made the masters and " amen - ou r ------ --- stood-a position gratifying to every native of this country; medals in any way inferior ? What is it that has tended to a position which made this country conspicuous to all the cripple their energies or diminish their skill ? What can it nations of the world. 1 ask you now to maintain thatposition, be but the mutest invariable effect of your protective laws, by the same means as you acquired in. I ask you not to re which say: "Don't Mist to your energies; don't rely a e feu a return which is pointed "out by reason, which is the up your " a P owell because' l° default of result of inquiry, and wbich is in conformity with a prin dustry, in default of skill, we will tine you a law y e 1 eiple which parliameat has already deliberately adi pled. I which shall protect you against everything?" ( the Ch rille - e' tell you that if, on the other hand, yon are abut to pursue And yet we know, despite all that, that in year -- e' the course of reaction-if you induce men to think that you 236,000 belonged to the commercial marine of England, and doubt the soundness of those principles which you hays we must know that that is not a number that could be pre already adopted, and that the shipping interest is not to be deiced amongst a nation that was not essentially a nation fol left the sole protected interest, but other interests are Shave lowing the marine as a pretssion, and eminent among the protection restored to them-you will, in that case, be giving nation in that line. But what is the next ? We were told, the signal f ir an egitation, which you maybe proud of having I mesember, about the year 1824 and 1828, that Mr. Hue commenced, bat of which you will not see the end without limos had istroduced a measure which would totally ruin ~,_ e ______ _____„_ ( Hoar, , _..‘ the commercial marine of the country ; that the shipping Mr.the deepest :aciedearthereneseweree may two. eansideratiaaa must be utterly destroyed ; that the state of clatters was . something which had scarcely ever been paralleled, and that which hada d him to take the liberty of addressing the it was owing to his measures. that " the fervent desir e of the house Now these measures did house at hour-namely, in a very great degree, introduce competition with other that this debate should terminate (cheers), aid the remern natioss ; they gave reciprocity in some Instances ; they did mice, onhispart, braace, own that he should trouble the house away with restrictions without reciprocity in others ; and but for a few minutes. He bad on another occasion, en what has been the consequence? I have here the tonnage tired most fully into the discussion of this great question, before the division was of the British empire as it stood in the year 1823, in the and he should now take the liberty, feel. year 184 e, and in the year 1849. I will take thee* numbers, called, .of venturing to express the general i with which he should give his vote on this elthnueth there are many other rearm to the same effect. MI . _ In 1823, the tonnage was 2,506,760 ;ha 1840, it was 3,127 , 684; occasion. The right bon. gen tleman the member for It' had told them that he considered the la 1949 it was 4,052,160. That is the mode in which the 'Pon house me capital which min to be =suttee before the to be Wane" of the British ample has Increased, this placed on the column which they had bun so long raising. system of modified competition; and in the same pen seamen employed have risen from 165,000 to 236,000 If the column which they had raised were one which, in the its outline and the general beauty of its design, men. I say this is a reason for believing that we symmetry o f . ... _ . tat . om-ii mei found lean stand competition, and that we may go further in that , maim The hon. member for Midhurst admit•ed that the that when ra ised itdid not realise the expectations of their ' plea el Mr. Huskimon was successful, and that there had creative fancy , ey m ight pe r haps, hesitater before they Ibsen a great increase in the amount of tonnage and the num- went to the add i tional expense of raising a costly capital her of men, but he said, as you have bees so successful stand upon what might of ill fashion ed design. be a column very where you are, you have succeeded, you ere going on well, (Hear. • bear •) The rhetorical illustrations of the right hon. and therefore be contented with the position you have gentlemen, Placed the ease in its true light before the house. attained. That is not my mode of considering a question of (Hese, bees', great e Thi s measure was brought forward to this kind. (Hear, hear.) I consider that if you have made realise led to de al with &meet a theory. They wanes l upon an experiment in one direction, if that experiment has beennot by any popular Morale *retail: interest ; moonstul, and at the same time ham been a cautious e :psi. any general me but complaint of great national incoavem , meat, that is a rearm for going further in the some aired because the repeal ofthe navigation . laws of England was does; it is a reason for greater program, to be attended necessary to comp lete But the time a great experiment.. as, to that evening had h in a I trust, with still greeter sum's. But, sir, I have men- which had been appealed .ear , tioned two grounds for unfidemi that our commended groat measure t . sated the experiment. ( Hear, • ! the, house nominated a tom' marine will not be injimd by the proposed repeal of the Upon a foregone conchal= -(1, navigation laws. Igo to mother ground to which Ido not mittee of inquiry, a committee which , he migh t be pe cti ns: l r am that there can be any answer. It is not only that this is to say, did no t coaduct is investigations in the _ m anner the amount of to and this the number of men employed which het sohighly raised the general character of r had this committee In %Intends of the United Kingdom, but the greeter portion mittees of that home. But no alone to of it is employed in the carrying trade to Russia, in the been appointed, no sooner had members gone a bout . adopted than it oiled carrying trade to Trieeta , and the ports of Austria, where evidence to justify a decision already . . .,... sw we meet other nations of the glebe, and whether they found that the case was not sufficien t ly e stabtimee by t!.. be Swedes or Ameelmme they do not drive us out of the isoonveniesces which it was alleged the commerce of Fs: field. I de not see what answer there can be to these country wee suffering. lt bereame accessary, there fare, to e ve figures. How is it that somesay that the Swede' navigate another colour to the proposed changes. 'Ultimately the tas so cheaply, and are paid such low wages that they must which was to justify the measure is the epee& pre a .ctisal men carry away the trade. Some gentlemen stey that the rested on three points: commercial inconvenien ce , Americans receive very high wages, and their ships are discontent, and foreign menace. (Hear, hear.) Twelve mugged so well that they must carry away the trade. I months had now elapsed. the subject had been very deeply believe on the contrary that with the energies of this and carefully investigated, and they were now mu ch MOTS How sountry left completely free, you have not to dread the cm- competent than they were two years ago. . . r the , _., petition of any nation on the globe. I believe, and by no case of the propoun of th measure ? Theo the eo y_ntlirs means regret, that foreign shipping will increase blown up-their case broken down. (Laughter.) Te as it ha increased in past years, but I believe first allegation u regarded commercial incon venience was the mer British e• ippiog will increase in a commensurate, high freights which were pad by the Eoplisti coast 12 • ter probably greater proportion, and the whole result will consequence of restrictions on foreign shipping. The Ist, ,_ be a general increase in the commerce of this country. Sir, thesis of a member of the government, who was suppose d 5_ we are told that the manner in which we hem proposed this some gentlemen to be a great authority on thew sulostee t la_e bill is a conclusive argument against our proceeding • but bon. member for Westbury (Mr. J. Wilson), was tha t then the hon. genteemau who spoke laet , who, no doubt , with restric ions hid really not reached freights at all, et . 7 his experience has considered the matter in all its details, came to the case of colonial discontent. Though he . o . 2ll _!_ • _ fatly concurred in the opinion which we entertained that a tened with much attention to the debate he could not disc over bill formed on strict grounds of reciprocity, a bill declaring tt at the instaneen adduce , ' under tbat heed during oney_ o eft that yea must follow other nations in every particular, much enriched the factitious eue of the governmen t among eOs would lead to inextricable di ffi ellty. If that be the ease, denied that there had been more or lea diffused . the of the navigatio n what other course could we take than that of proposing English colonists a feeling that the repea l . „,.. their favour. La. the total repeal of these laws, leaving it to the laws might operate some advantage an _ „_. 5 Queen and council, to• exnute a power, if the shall so noble lord had refaced to a memorial from Aus ea fesee i to think fit, of impretirg upon other nations restricti ons which memorial which hod, he believed, never been pr fo ee r he te telf. they impose upon us. Now, in retaining that power, which the house. That document was not a new one, ____ we have by our present haw, 1 quite agree with the right Disraeli) alluded to it last year. It so happened that , eity : d el f e r e om ee hose gentleman the member for Ripon ; that I think in or- sequeneeof the preparation of that memo rial he of the world a misty cues that when you attempt to impose a restriction the harbourmasters of the ports of that part o committee of the I bessame a reelection is imposed upon you, you are injuring statement, snore verified upon oath before a ~ _ reel that betw een tee 1 yourself more than obtaining any b neat by the restrie- House of Lords, trim which it spree _ don ,• but there are cases where the restrictions may' be put Ist of J a nuary, 1846, and the 30th of June 1, 61 MO 'on from national 'irate' and national animosity, cleared from London for Sydney, of which 18% l o 'del eseres . . 41110111 it which in form t instances we have • sue- home, while the rmainiog 43 proceeded to other place s ef Mired by rutting on a similar restriction on search of freight*. W ithin the gime period 25 ships el . ere d f 7d the other notion, and therefore I think the crown should London for Punt Pr iflip , of which 12 10ad,4 car g oes be?. ter not be deprived of that power; but in many cases, such as the 13 went in search o' freights; 27ships cleared fro:atone= Imam rvlened to el Trinidad , I believe that you might Hobart Town, of which 13 loaded cargoes home and 14 weal say lb , IN eve du vi ri it w it el,