The Express. — London, England, 1864-05-09 00:00:00

TEE RIP "MELD'S celebrated UNITED SERVICE SOAP I upon what ground can it be held that* tone of TABLET % ed, and al each, told by all chandlers and fourteen millions of currency poll, hod in 1844 L.wilsibra• "fl oa t 44 that i l lis w bu : PIC" . • •I• FIELD ta should be rigorously maintained thatPeink sow ? oa each_paoket ox, and tablet Wholesale sad for exportation .„ at the Works, WIWI ILUti3ll, LANDIXTIL LONDON, 8., where it at that time, when our commerce was nearly a also mar be obtained their Mae Medal Persians Candles. th i r d o f w h a t it has since become, this li m it was adequate, we in 1864 have far outgrown it. Those fourteen millions are now as little sufficient to meet the wants of trade as seven millions would have been then. Suppose that in 1830 the Bank Charter Act had been passed, allowing only an issue of ten millions, it might have sufficed for the requirements of the time, but a revision would have been assuredly called for fourteen years later. It stands to reason that 1844 should , not be considered the finality year of all measures of currency reform, unless it should be I thought that England had then reached its acme of commercial development and soundly based credit, and should be forbidden to progress I any farther. Yet, in one and the same j moment, we are congratulated upon our in creas'ng trade, and recommended to retain a mea- sure that proves one of its greatest obstacles. One of the worst tendencies of the present Act is the power it gives to one or two influential houses to disorganize all the operations of commerce. A heavy demand from a first-rate firm may, and in fact does, result in a diminution of the Bank re serves, and a rise in the rate of discount is the necessary consequence. If our trade were in the same position as in 1844, there would be little cause for apprehension, as apparently an ample margin was left to meet the effect of operations of this nature. Now we have got be yond this point, and when one great house chooses, for its own interest, to press upon the Bank, the great bulk of the trading community suffers. The directors of the Bank are bound to protect their reserves, and consequently are fully justified in adopting any remedial measures that may be forced upon them. One of the restric tions they have found it necessary to adopt is the apparently absurd one of refusing, ex• cept when the transfer-books are closed, to make advances upon Consols. It is &brad incredible that the first security of the country— we may safely say of the world—is unavailable when presented at the Bank to obtain the assist ance of a temporary loan. And yet upon this same security are issued to the public some four teen millions of notes equally good es those issued against bullion. The contradiction is patent, and arises entirely from the stringent requirements consequent on the operation of the present law. Let that law be appropriately modified, and many of the most urgent difficulties that now disorganize trade will immediately vanish. The Bank Act bears a marked resemblance to that other ingenious theory of Sir Rosser Pau,, the sliding scale. In both cases sound and un• sound principles are pretty equally mixed. No doubt the sliding scale was better than absolute protection, but it was utterly beneath free trade. The Bank Act strives to do for the currency what the sliding scale tried to do for corn, and the one meatus has no more element of finality than the other. The imperfections of the Act are now almost universally admitted, and the wish is a just and a growing one that its provisions should be reconsidered by the Legislature, and be brought more in harmony with the vast progress of com merce and the increased facilities of circulation, which our enormous augmentation of national wealth since 1844 will certainly justify. Ih expreots. istvaillausials tot;;lsT tar " iii; ExprZr London Evening IP='at be ea lbe elle% ie. Bouverte4Woot, by TWO ir co Ye 467 et seblieettlee. HAYXAtAIT. Testy ZITIINO, AN TIFIECICKY MORTAL Miss Hants.— DA VI D GARRICK. Maass Bothers, Daekstooe. Chippendale, Bogen : Mesdames Moore, Rnowdoa, lltserlDlam.—VY.NUS AND Allen& llhe ILeslsy.—And A KISS IN THE DARK. PAINCE&is!i. Tai Eizerneo, DRAWIN(4.OOer, sECOND FLOOR, AND ♦T[MC& Mr. D. rushee and Mlii H. Howard.—And ROMEO ♦ND JULIET. Marra Nelson and Vining Seeps Cold and. Mrs. H. Manton. JIMITaggA, THIS Immo. THE LEFT-HANDED MAIRLSOL Mn S. Lae sad all the Company.-THE GREAT GHOST EFFECT. -DEBO-LEAR.. Master Percy Resells aad Maass C. St. Came tad Soon.—And a grand SHAKSPERIAN ThIILELUX. rig 'noun. OSBORNE, MAY 7. The Queen and Prinoess Louise walked and drove yeeserday morniag. MAY 8. The Queen drove oat yesterday with Princess Helena, attended by Colonel the Hon. A. Herding.. Prince Leopold, attended by Lord A. Paget and Mr. Buff, went on board her Majesty's ship Prince Consort, in Coweafroads. This morning the Queen, Princess Helene, Princess Loans, Prince Leopold, and Princess Beatrice, attended Divine service at Osborne. The Rev. G. Prothro perforated the service. The Print* at Wales held a levee at St. James's Palms oo Bsturday aftersom. as behalf of her Wien,. His Royal Highnoes, 'storied by a detarlunent of the Lt Life Guards, and atteaded by Lord Alfred Hervey, the Hos. R. H. Mead*, and Major Tends* left Marlborough House at Iris minutes to 2 o'clock. His Royal Highness wore the uniform of a general officer with the orders of the G MUT sad Star of ladle. The Priam of Widen rode out in the afternoon, attended by Major Teesdale. The Prime. of Wales drove oat in the afternoon, attended by the Hon. Mn. William Grey. l Their royal highnesses gave a dinner party in the even . hag. The Prince and Primers of W 41114 with the Hoe. Mn. W. Grey end Major Teesdale in waiting, attended Divine service at the Chapel Royal, St. Jemes'•, yesterday mora le& The Communion Service wee read by the Rev. the Sub-Dean, the Roy. J. V. Povab, and the key. C. F. Taper. The Rev. C. F. Tarter, chaplain to her Majesty and the Prince of Wales, preached the sermon from 1 St. Peter, iv., 7. Anthem—" Lift up your heada."—Handel. Mr. Goss presided at the ogres. The Dake Of St. Albans, the iarl of St. Germans, Viscount Sydney, Lord Llanovse, Lord Campbell, Lord Hastings, and the Bishop of St. David's were present daring the service. The Prince and Princess of Weiss drove to Kew in the afternoon. A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday. The ministers present were Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke of Argyll, Sir George Grey, Earl Russell, the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, Earl De Grey, Sir Charles Wood, the Chancellor of the Exche quer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Sta il nley of Alderley, and the Right Hon. C. P. Vliers. The Committee of Council on Education at at the Privy Council office on Saturday. The lords present were the Lord President, the Duke of Argyll, the Duke of Somerset, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir George Grey, the Bight Hoc. C. P. Villiers, and the Right Hos. the Vice- President. Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colooial. office from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. Despatches were seat to the Governor, of the Falkland Island; Canada, sad the Bahamas. Rrrom or as MAJterry ro WINDROR.—Her Majesty the Quees and the younger member of the royal family will leave Osborne, it is erpeeittd, about 3 o'clock this afternoon, and return to Windsor Castle, arriving at W indlor about 6 o'clock. The A bcrdeen Herald says :—" Her Majesty will probably be at Balmoral Castle again on I Saturday next. As at present arranged, she will leave Windsor on Friday evening at 10 minutes to 7, and travelling by Leamington, Buabbtuy, and Carlisle, will reach Perth at 3:1 minutes before 9on Sato.day morning. After stopping an hour for refreshments, and for adjusting the carriages —which will be fitted up with bedding for the night—the journey will be resumed, and, with a single stoppage at Bridge of Dun to take in water for the eosin*. Fenyhill will be reached at twenty-cum minutes past twelve. Here a stay of five minutes will take plane ; and the railway journey will tinniest* at Aboyna. at thirty-two minutes wit one o'clock. The remainder of the journey will be performed by posting. Her Majesty will stay at Balmoral, as before stated, four weeks." His Excellency the Ambassador of France has issued card. for his first reception at Albert gate House on Friday, the 20th inst. ►, so. THI ORITISJ ;. X.VEN s r. MAY • a morejeg were Wood the of the ~ome and expenditure of the British fee the year ending the 31st of March last. The lateene was 134,9751. 115. 5d.„ end the expenditure 95,5001. 14s. 9d., leaving a balance of 39,4741. 16s. Bd. It &pansy that the number of anon ahnbled last year to view the museum, exclusive of seeders, was lees than in any year given in the return, beginning with 1858, and not half the number in 1862—the Exhibition year. The total number was 440,801. To the reading room there were 107,821 visitors, and to the galleries of sculpture 2,042, to the print room 2,827, and to the coin and medal room 1,204. The number of iv:sitars to the reeding room bee declined from the avenge of 1838 to 1863 by about 20,000. Each reader has consult I on as average 11 volumes a day. The number of volumes added to the library (comprising 268 received under the international copytight treatise) amounts to 36,262 (including music, alma, and newspapers), of which 1,501 were presented, 28,2.40 purchased, sod 6,541 acquired by copyright. The number of ports of volumes (comprising 632 received under the international copyright treaties) is 39,733 (including atlases sod music), of which 565 were presented, 24,413 paralleled, and 14,755 ✓equired by copyright. The total number of newspapers gegnind is 1,064, besides single numbers of 31 American newspapers. Of these, 770 (Cr., 215 published in Loudon, and 555 in the country) have been received from the Inland Revenue Office in England, 145 from the branch of that allies is Ireland, and 135 from the blanch of the some office in Scotland, and 14 and the single numbers bare been purchased. The additions made to the manaacript department in the course of the year are as follows :—To the general °dilation, manuscripts, 461; original charters and rolls, 114 ; to the Egerton collection, manuscripts, A. The total number of additional specimens to the nand history during the year 1863 is 102,474, of which 98,754 are registered in the &warrant of zoology, 3,053 in the depart ment of geology, and 667 in the department of mineralogy. During the year 1863, 98,754 specimens of animals of dif ferent classes have bees added to the several perts of the zoological eolleotion, namely—vertebrate animals, 3,973; nroilunons and radiated animals, 1,257 ; anettlons animals, 93,524—t0ta1, 98,734. A large proportion of these speci mens has been presented; others have bees mantel from collections which have been offered as those mat interest ing and desirable for the miaow, as Illustrating the zoology of a particular region of the earth's surreal lately explored, or as tending to illustrate some improved scientific elessification that had been lately published, or as interest. log in Dona other scientific or economic relation, and many have bees chosen because they are identical types or specimens dearibed by some zoologist of reputation. The mineral department has received valuable additions during the veer 1863. They amount in number to 667 specimens. THE NEW NATIONAL GALLERY, BURLINGTON HOME. The estimate of the sum that wi►► be required during the year ending 31st March, 1865, for the erection of the above building is 10,0.:Y. The totes alienate for the work, including finishing and decoration, iv 1520C3f. Is the following letter to the Lords of the Treemary the Chief Commissioner of Works gives some particulars el the pro- posed gallery : " Oaks of Works, kr., S.W., 29th April, 1864. _ _ . . "My Lords,—The accompanying estimate is for the erection of the National Gallery on the site purchased by the government in Piccadilly. The rite ommiets of about three and a half acne, of which one-half is occupied by Burlier toe House, with Be two wing and its colonnade, and by the courtyard which they surround. These buildings are occupied by the Royal Society, the University of Loodoo, the Lineam Society, and the Chemical Society ; and the large hall is used for the meetinp of the Geographical and other learned societies. Three building. need not be disturbed at present, since the garden which occupies half of the site will furnish ample accommodation for the pictures, ancient and modern, belonging to the trustees of the National Gallery, and also for the additions to the collections which may be expected by gift, and por &see, for many years to come. Whomever, however, a large increase of space may be required, Burlington Howe and its wings will be pulled down so make room for an =- tension of the National Gallery ; and in the meantime the courtyard will make a handsome and convenient approach to the main mittenca of the new building, which ' will be through the central hall of Burlington ' House. The proposed building will be 303 feet long, and 218 feet wide. That pert of it which will be devoted to the exhibition of pictures will be of one story, lit from the ceiling, and will provide 3,000 lineal feet of wall-space in a horizootal line, exclusive of doorways, arid 36,200 superficial feet of floor space. The larger galleries will be 40 feet wide, and 40 feet high ; and the rooms for small pictures will be 21 feet wide, with • proportionate height The only external elevation that will be visible will be at the northern side in Burlington gardens, where the board-room and officea of the trustees and the residence of the keeper :" be placed in two stories, and where there .31 be a publin estrum,. On the soother. side, where the level of the grand is lower, there will be a limb! basement story, and the whole bond ing will be of fireproof construction.—l am, &c., (Sigurd) " W. COWII2I. " The Right Hoe, the Lords Commasioners of Her Majesty's Treasury.' ANAVA ALT AT CA mßeiDos-Horsi—Visoountesq Palmerston received a numerous sad fashiosable company on Saturday airman, at her mansion in Piccadilly. The noble premier was image to meet his friends owiag to hi dispositica arising from gout. Among the visitors proem. were the Preach, Russian, Turkish. and Andrian mates isiors, and the Bavaria., Portuguese, Swedish, United States, Italian, Netherlands, and Spanish miaisters, Count A. Bernetarlf, Count A. Apponyi, Count Maffei. ko. Viscount Palmerston is recovering from his attack of soot, and in a few days will be able to terse» his equal place in the House of Commons—in all protehility before the houe adjures for the holidays. The Right lion. Sir Robert Peel, Bart, M.P., entertained at dinner, on Saturday evening, at him mansion is Whitehall•prdens, the foPowing 'mistimes sad gentle men :—Lord Dunkollio, M.P., Lord Fermoy, M.P., Lord Athlamney, M.P.. Sir Henry H. Bruce, M.P., Sir Colinas M. O'Logbleo, Bert., M.P., Colonel F. French, M.P., Colonel Vaudoise:, ILP., Lieateasat•Oolooel S. A. Dick am M.P., Hr. Robert Dancombs ghetto, ILP., Hr. William N. Massey, IL.P., Mr. William F. Fitswilliam Bums, M.P., Hr. Thomson Hankey, M.P., Dr. Hancock, Hr. Ds Moloyos, Mr. Thoroh'lL Mr. Barks, Mr. W. Creyks, Hr. William M'Cormick, SL P., Hr. J. A. Nan, ILP., la The Right Hoe. Sir W. H. Jolliffe, Bart., M.P., received Gegen! the Right Hon. J. Pea, M.P., and Mae Peel, Lord Cu)., Generel Laereincle. Geeeral Sir Fleury and Lady Bentinck, and a select platy at dinner, en Satur day, at bit hones in Strattoo-etreet. At the annual Ascension dinner at Lambeth Palace, gives by the primate to the bishop., the four arch bishops of England end Ireland were present, a eircirol stance said to be unprecedented in recent times. The guests were the Archbishop of York, the Archbishop of Armagh, the Archbishop of Dublin, the Bishops of London, Durham, Winchester, St. Aare, Chichester, Orford, Bangor, Llaridsff, Gloucester, Salisbury, Ely, Corbels, Worcester, Lichfield, St. David's, Down and (lonsor, and Lincoln ; with the Rev. Prebendary J. R. Hall and the Hon. and Rev. G. W. Bourke, chaplains to the primate. Barbiere is to be repeated to-morrow at Covent Garden ; sod on Thursday Mdlle. Pauline Lama makes her first appearance so Valentine, in the Huguenots. Ten Moser SPENT ON FORTIFICASIONS.—It appears from a part unentary return, keened this margin, that the amount actually expended to the 31st Manly 1864, out of the monies issued out of the Consolidated Fond for the expenses of fortifications, ha., is 2,836,6091. 18a. sd. Of this ram Portsmouth has taken 1,069,1431. lfis. 6d. ; Plymouth, 623,185/. 12,. 6d. ; Pembroke, 175,5621. 19a. 101. ; Portland, 186,1811, le. 2d. ; Greve- end, 85,9351. 12e. sd. ; Chatham, 127,1501. 7s. 6d. ; Med- way and Sheerness, 192,1081. 18e. 10d. ; Dover, 231,3361. 101. 11d. ; Cork, 38,705/. lls. id. ; ever:meats, 2,6691. 7s. 11d. ; clearance works, 6,4121. la. sd. ; land surveyors' charges, 13,9711. 17a. Id. ; surveys and legal charges, 41,0261, 17s. ; civil staff, travelliag, and other coatiogsat expanses connected with works, 73,1981. 13s. 101 INO, LATENT INTELLIGENCE. THE CONFERENCE. The Times assumes that the decision at the Con ference tod►y as to the armistice rests with the Danes " Will they evacuate Akan and raise the blockade ? It seems agreed on all hands that the choice is with them. What use will they make of this opportunity, probably the last which interposes between them and destruction ? There ought to be no doubt at all, but we cannot say that we are very sanguine." The Times cannot now conceive how things would be mended could our government be persuaded to try the chances of war. "In the first place, it is too ,*ate. If we were to fight at all, it should have been while there was something left worth fighting for, and before Den mark was reduced to two small islands in the Baltic. We are told that injustice has been done, and that wherever it has been done it is our duty to correct it. We decline to accept the office thus throe a upon us of Attorney-General for the whole human race. When the interest and honour of the country are concerned we trust we shall always be able, as our ancestors were, to protect that interest and honour by the sword. But what is the interest which unites us by the side of Denmark, and what are the obligations by which our honour is bound t Denmark has been in European war our loyal and honourable, our brave and consis tent, enemy. We entered into a treaty for declaring the succession to her crown ; but of the five great powers parties to that treaty two are engaged in war with her, and two stand neutral under cir cumstanoes which may not unreasonably lead to the supposition that they regard the war without dislike, and even with some degree of complacency. This is no question of sympathies and antipathies, of sentiment or of prejudice. It is a question of throwing down the gauntlet to forty millions of men whom we have been in the habit of looking on with respect and regard, and to preserve whom from the great military empires of Russia and France has been our traditional object." On the other hand, it is stated in another quarter that the reply of the Danish government does not amount to a refusal of the propositions of the German powers ; but, " while substantially protesting againsAhose propositions, leaves the representatives of De&ark free to proceed with the discussion, including even terms of the suspension of hostilities." SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER HALL.— Hasdas peat choral work, Israel in Egypt , will be per formed on Friday neat, the 13th inst.. f or th e lest time this Beeson. Madame Parepe, Miss Back a Iledame &intent-Dolby, Mr. Sires Reeves, Yr. Weis, and Mr. Bentley, principal vocalims. _ CATITAL PALACZ. Frvs SHILLING DAT. SATtIiDAT, MAT 7. — AdlenAiOta 011 payment, 1,745; ditto by iesace ticks* 4,699; Wel, 6,444. HIGH WATIIIAT LONDON BILIDGIC. MI DIY —ions's& 4h. 0m.. - ... Afternoon. 4h. 20m. Tchaionow Ithaldas. th. ....Mlbrnoos. 4h. 5'J-ch. LONDON, MONDAY, MAY 9. Arras a short period of temporary ease the money market has again become extremely strin gent. Within the past week the Bank rate has been successively advanced from 7 to 8 and from 8 to 9 per cent., and the appearance of the last return is sufficiently discouraging to warrant the fear that even these exceptional measures may not prove adequate to arrest the evil. For some cause • sudden demand for money has arisen, which has seriously trenched upon the Bank's re serves. Various reasons have been pointed out— either a re-commencement of undue speoulttion in the cotton market, the export of bullion abroad for foreign loans, purchases of cotton, arc., and the absorption of capital in the recent extension of joint-stock enterprise. Against these views, how ever, it may be urged that there has not latterly been anything like such a speculative movement in cotton as was witnessed some months ago, the tendency being, in fact, rather the other way ; secondly, that our exports of gold have largely diminished, so that in ordinary times they would have provoked little or no remark ; and thirdly, that as regards the new companies it will be difficult to prove that they have materially con tributed to the pressure, while some reasons can be brought forward to show that theoretically they ought rather to have diminished it. The chief charge, in fact, that has been brought against them is that, by affording a superabundant supply of capital, their competition, in the absence of • sufficient demand for the legitimate purposes of trade, will necessarily result in the development of a series of unsound speculations. At first sight it would no doubt appear that the creation of new banks and credit companies would produce this effect. The establishment of each fresh under taking would imply that a further portion of the general savings of the nation is indirectly turned into the discount market, already fully supplied. The case would have been different if the ma jority of the new companies had been in the direction of industrial enterprise calcu lated to absorb instead of to accumulate capital, in fact, as was seen on the enormous scale of the railway mania of 1845. Under present c"^cum stancea, however, the movement has been pre cisely opposite, and yet the new banks have con trived to incur the contradictory odium of affording undue "facilities" on the one hand, and of causing the money market to be tight on the other. The most remarkable feature of the late course of the money market seems to have attracted little attention, and yet in this point may be traced the entire cause of the disturbance. It lies in the almost spasmodic movements in the value of money. Without any assignable reason a demand rapidly springs up and as rapidly subsides, and the rate of discount fluctuates accor dingly as much as one or two per cent. in the course of a week. No attempt is made to account for these sudden perturbations beyond that of using the old stereotyped phrases of undue inflation, and so forth. If there had been • gra dual but increasing pressure, at last terminating in a panic, these arguments would have seemed rea sonable enough. But in the present year there appears a peculiar kind of tension, so that any cause, however alight, produces an unlooked-for effect. Why should the money market experience these violent oscillations ? To what influence should we ascribe a rapid rise, followed by an almost immediate fall, to be succeeded in a few days by a renewed advance f The strange part of the question appears to be that there is still everywhere an abundance of capital, but • singular unwillingness or inability to lend. Only one solution can be proposed for this enigma. It is evident that there is some fault in the machinery of commerce, and this defect it behoves the nation to remedy with the least possible delay, for fear of bringing about • series of calamities similar to those witnessed, but partially averted, in the great crises of 1847 and 1857. The only argument that has been used by the supporters of the Bank Charter Act of 1844 that is worthy of notice has been the famous defence of the issue of some fourteen millions of notes based upon government securities. In itself the question, on abstract grounds, is indefensible. Money is coin, and its representative ought, there fore, to be simply a more portable substitute for the precious metals themselves. Hence, according to the bullionista, who in their way have, it must be confessed, logical justice on their side, no issue of notes should be made except upon coin, a con trary course being nothing more than the establish ment of an inconvertible currency. On the other band, the supporters of the present system urge that, as fourteen millions of notes will always be required by the public for general use, it would I be unnecessary and uneconomical to provide them with a bullion basis, and that government soca- , cities will answer the purpose equally well ; in other words, that they shall be issued on the go vernment credit alone. A more perfect anomaly could not perhaps ever have been devised, and, like all other anomalies, when brought to the teat it has invariably broken down. The whole Act of 1844 reminds us of the paternal legislation of the Middle Ages. It goes' far enough to be mischievous, and not far enough to be useful. If it is required to secure the abso- lute convertibility of the Bank note it is inopera tive, while as a measure of credit it stops short at the precise point where it might be of value. For tunately the people of England listen as little to the absolutism of • currency law as to that of a monarch, and hence when need arises its provi sions have been set aside without ceremony. Still, much inconvenience, to say the least, is produced by the want of elasticity in our existing system, and hence many losses are incurred by the mercantile community which might bare easily been obviated. Adopting the entire theory (for the sake of argument) of the Bank Act of 1844, POLAND. The Paris Moniteur says, first, that 30,000 Poles, reduced to absolute want, have accepted from the Russian government lands which will be gratui tously distributed to them in the governments of Brembourg and Samara ; and, secondly, that the Russian government will put up for sale the confis cated lands of Poles in Lithuania, and that they will be sold only to Russians. "This second part," says the Debats, " explains the first, and assigns to it its true character. The cabinet of St. Petersburg despoils the Poles of the national soil, and offers in exchange, to let them go and cultivate the snow on the confines of Siberia. Übi soliinclinen► facerunt, pacern appellant! Russia goes beyond even that. She finds • pretext for calling spoliation muni ficence." THE CIRCASSIAN EXODUS. Official information has been received at Con stantinople of the capitulation of Vardar, the last stronghold of the Circassian, and of the consequent submission of all the tribes. Already the out flowing tide of emigrants is so great as to place the Turkish government in the greatest embar rassment. 27,000 of these unfortunate creatures, in the most utter destitution, have poured into Trebi zonde. The privations of the voyage in a most in clement season have produced disease of the very worst kind among them, which is not only com mitting fearful ravages in their own famished ranks, but is extending to the local population. Typhus and smallpox are raging at Trebizonde, and the place is threatened with • famine. The Turkish government is willing and anxious to receive the fugitives, and incorporate them into their own popu lation, but the movement has been so sudden and so extensive that it has been impossible to make provision for the hosts that are daily pouring in. It is calculated that no less than 300,000 will within the next two or three months seek shelter in Turkey, and half that number are now seeking the means of transporting them selves to the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Unfortunately, it is found most difficult to ob tain transports for this purpose. The Turkish government has offered every pecuniary inducement for obtaining it, without avaiL It is now their intention to disarm some of their men-of-war, and employ them for this service ; but even this re source will not be sufficient to meet the difficulty. Some idea may be formed of the mortality raging among them when it is known that out of 600 Circassian' who toot passage in a steam transport, after a voyage of three or four days 370 only arrived at their destination. The aooounta that are received of the helpless and destitute state of these unhappy beings surpass in misery and horror any thing recorded in connexion with suffering humanity. Women in childbirth, exposed to the inclemencies of a Black Sea journey, without assistance or the bare necessaries of life, enveloping their new born in a corner of their own ragged garment-sturdy warriors who had achieved many • g►llant deed lying prostrate in the agonies of a horrible death— decks swarming with the dead and dying. These are things now of every-day occurrence on the waters of the Ruxine. The Sultan's ministers have contributed to the limit of their means. The Sultan himself has given as much as 50,0001. from his privy purse. The government have estimated that an outlay of more than one million sterling will have to be voted by the state in order to pro vide for the permanent estaMisliment of the emigrants. There is ample ground for inference—and the Circaasians so represent it—that the Russian rule in the Caucasus is of a nature which cannot be endured. It is generally believed that the Russians have been anxious to drive them out of the coun try, and to colonise the territory with the Cossack element. AMERICA. THE CAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH, NORTH CAROLINA, AND FOUR FORTS BY THE CONFEDERATES. The Richmond Sentinel publishes a despatch from General Hoke to General Bragg, announcing that the Confederate forms stormed Plymouth and cap tured the entire garrison, numbering 1,600 men, oommanded by General Wessels, 26 pieces of artil lery, and a large amount of stores. Another Con federate account claims the capture of 2,600 pri soners and 90 pieces of artillery. Federal detailed accounts state that the rebels began the attack on Plymouth on the 17th inst., and were repulsed in au assault on Fort Gray. They then made a detperate assault simultaneously on all the forts surrounding the town, and were again repulsed with great slaughter. On the 19th the rebel ram Albemarle came down the Roanoke and attacked the Federal fleet, sinking several I, 1864. gunboats. She was accompanied by a floating sharpshooter battery, and, moving down below the town, she prevented the transports with reinforce ments from Newborn from coming up. General Wessels evacuated Forte Gray and Wessels on the night of the 19th, conoeutratiug his troops in Fot Williams and Comfort and a redoubt near the river. On the morning of the 20th the rebels made an im petuous assault upon Fort Williams, their advancing column suffering terribly from the Federal fire, but they continued the attack until half past 10 o'clock, when General Wessels was forced to sur render with his entire command. Accounts differ as to the number of prisoners captured by the rebels. A Newburn despatch states the garrison numbered 2,500 men, consisting of the 85th New York Infantry, 101st and 103rd Pennsylvania Infantry, 10th Connecticut Infantry, four companies of artillery, and two of cavalry, with 30 pieces of artillery. The force of the rebels is estimated at 15,000, under Generals Hoke, Ransom, and Barton. Their loss is esti mated at from 1,000 to 2,000. They must have suffered severely, as they were obliged to storm the forts several times. The Federal lose in killed and wounded is reported to have been quite small, less than 200. • It was reported in Newburn on the 22nd that the rebels had evacuated Plymouth, and were marching against Washington and Newburn in strong force, and that a rebel ram was coming down the Neuse river to join in the attack. It is be lieved that General Pick can successfully defend Newburu until he receives such reinforcements as will secure the safety of the place. The rain Albemarle is described as a formidable vessel, 180 feet long, and plated with six inches of iron. It was feared that, in consequence of the check received by General Banks, the rebels would be enabled to attack in overwhelming force the Feder&ls advancing into Louisiana from Arkansas, under General Steele. At last accounts General Steele's forces had occupied Camden, Arkansas, after its evacuation by General Price. A refugee from Texas reports that the rebels have established a signal corps all along the Texas coast, and were burning signal lights at night in expectation of the arrival of a fleet of iron or steel clad blockade runners from Europe. ( asinzies Trukauxe.) INDIA AND CHLNA MAILS. SUEZ, MAT 7. The Meaaageries Imperiales steamer Impers trice arrived here to-day. The Said will leave Alexandria on the 9th, and may be expected at Marseilles on the 14th instant. SERIOUS BOILER EXPLOSION ON THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAY. (THIS DAY.) This morning, at five minutes past 9, an ex plosion of a serious nature occurred at the Bishop-road station of the Metropolitan Railway. Os inquiry we leaned that the train appointed to leave for the City at 9.15 had torso " mode up" aad was driven into the station, the seine stopping directly at the foot of the bride which communicates with the Great Western Railway line. TM motion of the engine had not ceased half a minute before a terrible report, resulting from the explosion of the boiler, was beard, and hundreds of persons hastened to the spot. As soon as the steam bad cleared away the extent of the accident was made apparent. The force of the explosioo was such that the dome of the engine made its way through what is known as the " coal-house," and bounded into the street above ; it then rebounded and some portions of it were found in a field 200 yards distant, whilst a part of it struck the Dudley Arms public-house in the Biabep's.road, and fragments of the wreck were picked up in Wastboune.terrace. The approaches to the bridge and other parts of the same were completely torn down, and a large portion of the woodwork and the glass of the roof was shattered to pieces. The windows of the waiting-rooms and the officio of the company ware destroyed, and great havoc was experienced is the lamp-room. At the time of the explosion a train had just arrived from the City, and several " gas bags' attached to the carriages burst in onesqueee of the great shock, indicting, we understand, in one instance, severe contusions. The fireman of the engine was much injured, as was also the breaakman, and a lad engaged as clerk in the company's service. They were all three removed to the hospital. The driver, we were told. "escaped without a single scratch." In addition to the casualties mentioned, the railway authorities "imply mention "slight outs, to two or three other parnom" It is impossible:et present to 'c opilot ter the cause of the explosion, but an Medial investi• ptioa is to be made immediately. 'The engine was the property of the Gnat Northern Railway Company. (mon axon= 'aroma.) The accident is anuibed to the wore-out date of the sesine-boiler. For a number of years it woe worked oe the Great Northern line, and a few months ago it was altered into a condensing engice, whit* is known to require double thestrength of ordinary locomotive boilers. At the time of the explosion the indicator tells that the steam was 11011 e. oe the square inch, and had just begun to maps through the misty valve. It is fortunate the explosion did not occur in the Monet From late inquiring at St. Mary's Hospital we learn the following liet'of casualties : John Crofts, No. h. Chichester-place, Paddington, very severely eat down the forehead and bridge of nose, also in the mown of the head. George Hall, of the general manager's office, Gre►t West ern Railway, cheek cut. Thomas Mount, 49,Woodfordplace, Paddington, wounded on the top of the bead. A boy, name unknown, very severely lojared ou his bead sad body. Various other penous more or lea hurt were not takes to the hospital. The traffic wu resumed half an boar after the accident. LAW INTELLIGENCE MIN DAY.) COURT OF QUERN'S BENCH. Sittings in Banco. Won Lord Mid Justine Cockburn and Justin's sLelcbarn , Moiler, and Shoe.) THE LES V. MIMI AHD OTHZIIB.—THI ONVIDERATI: vra • In this ease an application was made by Mr. Edw ar d Java, Q.C., • few days eines for a writ of habeas corms, which was glinted, to being up the three defaidante now in custody at Liverpool, with • view to their being discha rge d from custody. The facts upon which the application was made are these:—ln November last the John L. Gently, • vessel belonging to New York, was lying at Matamoras bound to the former place. A number of men, amongst whom were the prisoners, took pampa in her for New York. After the ship had ailed, and when she wu about fifty miles from the land, the men, who acted under the direction of a Major Hogg, seized the vessel, and Hogg told the master that he did so ea an officer in the Confederate service, and that he had proper documents to justify the act. The muter admitted that he had heard that Hogg was • major in the Confederate service, and believed him to be so ; and he also stated that Hogg was the leader of the party, and that the others acted under his orders. His am said they were engaged by Major Hogg, of the Confederate army, and that Hogg showed them document', signed by General Bee, which he said were granted by Jeffenon Davis, to justify what they did. The men believed they were acting for the Confide. rats government. The ship was t • ken to Belize, bat it did not appear that anything mum was known of her. In February last the prisoners were found to be in this country, sod an the 15th of that mouth, Mr. Adams, the Amnon Minister in this country, made a requisition to Sir George Grey, as Secretary of State for the Home Department, to have them delivered up to the American government under the extradition treaty of 1842. Arid on the 20th of February Sir George Grey issued be warrant under the act for the apprehengoa and detention with • view to their being given up for piracy. The extradition treaty recites that Ly the treaty be tween her Majesty and the United Staten it was agreed that the authorities respectively should deliver up to justice all permits who, being charged with the crime el murder, or piracy, or "non, or robbery, or forgery committed within the jurisdiction of either of the contracting partial, should be found within the teirito. rime of the other, provided that this should be done cooly upon such evidence of criminality se would, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive would be found, justify his apprehension and commitment for trial it the crime had bees the. committed ; and then it pro. owls to enact that in case requisition dull at any time be made by the authority of the United Stites in pareoasee el and according to the treaty for the slivery el any person charged with the mime of murder, or with the crime of piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, committed within the jurisdiction of the United States of America, it shall be lawful for one of her Majesty's principal Emceeing of State by warrant under hie heeds and seal to signify such requisition and require ell jwirtioe to aid in apprehending the pence moused and committing sigh pence to gel for the purpose of being delivered up to justice according to the treaty, and thereupon it shall be lawful for any justice of the pesos, Sc., to Mae his warrant for the apprehension of such person and to commit the person ao accused to goal there to remain until delivered pusmant to suck regaiaitaoa." It was under this act that Sir George Grey had maned hie warrant. The men were found to be at Liverpool. Mr. Balm, the magie trate there, on the 23rd February geed his warrant for their arrest. The men were arrested and lodged in goal at Liverpool, under that warrant which was obtained upon the information of the master of the schooner, and on the 26th Febroary they were brought up before Hr. PAM., and the muter was the main witness against them. Alter bearing the evidence, it being contended on behalf of the prisoners that as they bad acted under the Confederate government, they could mot be deemed to have committed piracy, they were remanded, in order that the magistrate might consider what course he ought to take, and also that the prisoners might have the opportunity of applying to a higher tribgeaL La the ragnatime the assizes occurred, sod Mr. Littler, the prisoners' counsel, applied to Mr. Joe tire Willes, the maim jadged assize at Liverpool, for a writ of habeas corpus. The leased judge took time to consider the application, and next day said that he entertained • very strong opinion cm the case, sad it appeared to him, sod no doubt the magistrate would take the same view, that thie was a case at which it would be an abuse that the men should be emus up to their probable doom, without their having the opportunity of taking the opinion of the sum. rice courts. The principle upon whicli the di itinction between pirates and i.ralligerouta was based was well known and simple ; but io themes it certainly would be highly im proper for any magistrate to give up the mow without con sulting the superior courts. But his lordship did not think proper to grant the writ of habeas corpus to discharge the ham, as this court would shortly meet, and he took it for granted that the men would be delivered up in the meantime. Acting of course on the opinion of the learned judge, the magistrate from time to time remanded the prisoners, and on the 73rd instant hie last warrant of remand was hoed. lir: E. Jamas, Q.C. (with him Mr. Littler and Mr. J. H. James) a few days ago moved for and obtained a rule nisi for a writ of habeas corpse directed to the keeper of the gaol at Liverpool, directing him to bring them up with a view to their discharge out of custody. He oostesded that they Rem entitled to a writ ow several grounds. Pint, that the act which the primes's had committed was sot piracy ; next. that if it were so, it was piracy jar. gestiam, and so did sot fall within the treaty of extradition, which only applied when the offence was committed in the foreign jurisdiction, and could be tried in England ; whereas if it were piracy jure genii= it would be. tint, it was sot piracy ;it was an act dose as behalf of ose belligerest upon soother. Piracy was a (okay ; this was not so. Tbe fact which, if there were so state of war, night make oat a case of piracy, would sot make it out where there existed a state of war, sad the act was dose on behalf of one of the belligeresta naiad the other. lfr:l;sh. Q.C. (with wham was Mr. Ilillward) to-day snowed cause spinet the rale. Attar heavies arguments, the court thought it would he better to make the rule absolute, is order that he might have all the otataide before them on which to found an opinion. Rule absolute acteardiegly. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Won Mr. Oomminioser Goalbarn.) IN NS COLONEL WAIMIL -DMOILND. This was a sitting for dividend =der the estate of Coked William Petrie Waugh, wheelies., hr meetly bees mock before the wart. Yr. MUDD% on the part of the London and Easters Bank• lag Corporation, who had a claim entered oa the premed. lugs for 50,C.31., asked that a day should be appointed for the discussion of their proof, sad that the dividend sitting should be adjourned for the purpose. Mr. Linklator, for the amalgams, commented. The prcof woo one which would involve a great deal of inquiry. His Hooour said it was his improssion that die proof bad beau fully discussed, in as early stags of the bankruptcy, before Mr. Commisioner Evans, and disposed of by him. Hr. Moons said it had been admitted as a charm, subject to disouiaioa. — Os refereece to the proceedings it was ?mod Ostia 1859, the bank had iambi to prove tor 540.3/., bat that &claim bad been admitted toe 14,0001. only, and rejected for the remainder. _ _ Hie Ha mar, doubted, seder those circumeteoces,whetbee be had the power to review the dschtou al Mr. Comm/l amer Roves. The parties ought to have gone to the court of aPP!!L ler: - Yuen said that there bed not been any affidavit oi debt nada so that the mateer could not hare been rem Lei y beams Mr. Oommisaioser Evans. Ultimately Um meteor was adjourned generally. Yr. Bagley tended • proof we behalf of Mama Untie and Mamie, mach. Oxford-street who had let two carriages to Colossi Waugh. Their proof had already bore admitted for 711., and they now sought to incresas to 6801. Yr. Linklater contsoded that this claim oleo had been diPirof by Its admission to the extent of 711. e d 000sidemtiou of thin claim also stood over. sod the dividesd sitting was adjourned to Use 16th of Jim& It Tree stated that the °Metal assignee has is hoed a som of 3,9281. applicable to dividends. Whether the dividend will be one of a few shillings Is the poop& or one infioitessimally small depends. of of go the admisgioe or rejection of the mousier claim of the represeotatives of the London sod Porters Beak for 230,0001. TO T =NOR OT TIN ICLPILIONI. Snt,—l regret to have to inform you tbat the baler of a Great Heathers sogine bent whilst standing in the station at Bishop's-road, this nursing. The engine -driver *sniped without injury, the stoker, the brealcsman, and one of the company's °Moo boys, were badly cat, and wee removed to the hospital. Two or three person were also slightly cot. The engine was removed in shoat half an boar. and the Maim have since worked regularly. —I ass, ke., HENRY FISHER. for Myles Fontes, German! Munger. Metropolitan Railway, General Manager's Oaks, Leaden, May 0. 1861. According to a letter from Vienna in the New Prussian Orefte, the Emperor of Austria bee arneeetied M. de Paley, or of the principal chiefs of the Hungarian revolution of 1868, sod 31. de Brener, formerly milliner Wee the revolutiontry (rammer" Both are authorised to return to their conntry. sod their property, which bad been coollecated. is restored to them. PROTOGILALPHS BY ARTIFICILL LIGHT.—At the Society of Arts on Therein evening lest Dr. Cress Calvert, The Way esesiou of the Covina Criminal Court oast" F.R.S., is the concluding lecture of him co mes o f Casto r mewed thee morning &foredo Right Hoe. the Lord Mayor, lectures, smiled &nadir to the metal magreior, sod ea- I the Recorder, Aldermen Sir F. G. Moon. Alderman Sir R. Whited specimens of wire made from It, and showed the' W. Carden, Alderman Gibbose, Mr. Sheriff Nimes, brilliant light shish its combustion affords. This light is I Mr. Sheriff Cave, Mr. Uader-Sheriff Nicholson, sad Mr. so i•tense, sod powers to so great a degree the qualities Under-Sheriff Oanumon. of sunlight, that photoarephe can really be takes of objects Tree are 83 prisosers for trial, bet none of the charge, illuminated by it. At the coaclusioe of the leder errerl appear to be of a serious character. successful photographs were takes in 30 ern& by Mr. The Recorder, is charging the grand jury, said he wee Claudet of need's bust of the Prince Court in the ante- very glad to be able to inform them that the number of the room of the society's lecture-ball, the filet ever taken is I ' in the calendar and the charges generally. so London by OMAN of this illumleating agent, hr as be @odd see, wen sot of a very senor RITLZ MATCH AT GLOCICESTI6.—An Comers character. There were two charges of manslaughter, Ririe Prise resileg, for Eefield rifles oily, wig take plans is or of which the Primmer was committed for at the Over mega, Gloucester. on the 17th, 18th, and 19th milleadiag bet, the deceased having died sire the corn iest. 1,0001. will be offered for competition In 250 prier. Takla. Damage wash ha charged laden them with med. The Over nags is one of the finest in the kingdom. being elanthter. The other charge of marlaughtiv was of a upwards of 1,200 nude in length, rid of a dead level different cherader. A men, who described himself es se throughout The Greet Western. iliaa•d, Bristol sad !herbalist, mu charged with omelet the death of dewed Exeter, sad South DIMS sad Cornwall Railway eampanies through inarii•orres. The primer. i t „ appeared. had a cted tiaremehoet their respective lire have consered to convey lee • sairon , sea had eittmaded amea•em who hd volunteer in uniform on producing their err tickets to / her 'aerie( from a diseased hip bone and death wee and from the meeting at a single fare. The squads a m tiro rid to have bees owed by his bad tratment. U thus under corr. fact wee reads oat, and the grand jury were satisfied that CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. mud DAY.) i 1' pencil Nabs foetal from ran clerk media teach.' forml; In Jot promo Prk " U P! 5 7 . - ii:d — Am e mu , d anal wood. after probal Dell from drown — lt al rig 7 bid ja City, New water medial the lei stream out of The intend. wit wrier 1 h's mei - ea assists TOOK 4 took b Woad than a:t iii - • he did The berme the ail state a '1 411:1 1• next. Thi of tL. o'clock oncei ERR Th vas lis Mr. bay. • at 1d Grum Rawl "its, prod& thus n the ap Thi TAU. coma' Esq t* .. Tro soda, The U road, • in — el sou very I of Mr. school sa hii Collet Bove 587 • theittiol dim foe tie %Gni t u ba en • p.~d ~< of ado to mi. bane. 'lefty Psciiiti P°!!aa Mr. lied th The that rateL h Christ (Hear The' reeved ( sari th..a two. A Ain Tai 3 ,000 i e Cl, MI lined