The Express. — London, England, 1858-07-22 00:00:00

FT - Tr KR DAILY ?UM LONDON MORNING Ist et ✓ soma E . u m muss NW wasp et iss mems—la Ile regrew as tr M fir. W lb Om synod mimmills soul esmommrall leissmsios essilmsi *sax alms& lmi wealliar7 NPR bIN IW MIIIIIIIIII NM II l • . AMA LID niturrus. by Asi mstg?y* am* yyrlied m em W lipplz i llbs Off la im wippeol m milk TUB 0111 A DAILY KO LII• WOW. °m own Lnvninionxinfla n bl Erin . ImhemilemlesVs dossmor smiles Nob r= et bellmt i r m iallmmi 1•Y Maim se • essenni IN sy s so es •mk Mead pe i pablimy a m , mom MFG iIeYM ma* le Novi II GS Wm Ns gnaw. sold la alms by Pialmase -gbe expreoo- TO CORRESPOND/NT& Overdesmabb tabeedol to "Tbe Itzpreek" lades Fran mu. MMae be at do Mee, 10.11oeverte•etme. b Tye ifOleir es do d pubertal& MIER TVs Incas. DYING 10111 Tli-1114 NIZOILUIT 07 Tillie& Mr. M s Um O. —Op itt ink, Tyre Ironies. ! HI F I I Ma Yr. re Yrs. B. MMus& Out GAL. Ms IrsourriE . —and ISILAIID rlll IT WA& ams. Y Maori Wintry IL Illsloir. 0.1. Ilmilli , mg aigla . Mew a WlLlamr. .—Uommare at /. HIGH WATii AT LONDON =IDOL Tim Par—lLedm is illa--.......Lawass‘ N. O. Twisoaaoir—lkerhlL IL IIs..—....ANNELL IL SOL LONDON, 27(17718DAY, JULY 12. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. A SPECIAL EDITION of the " EXPRESS," containing the results of the day's Races, is pub lished every evening during the Sporting Season, ►t six o'clock. Tee Report from the Select Committee on the Bank Acts is an able and interesting document, though tho results at which it arrives are principally of a negative character. It will be in the recollec tion of our readers that this Committee wee appointed, in the short session preceding last Christmas, to inquire into the causes of the then recent Commer cial Distress, and into the operation of the Bank Charter Act of 1844, as influencing for good or evil the phenomena of that great monetary crisis. The most interesting and elaborate portion of the Com mittee's Report is that which relates to the causes of the great commercial convulsion which in the autumn of 18.57 spread desolation and ruin through England, the North of Europe, and the United States. Wisely determined to ground their inquiry on a sufficiently comprehensive basis, the Committee exa mine the phenomena of the remarkable decennial period which intervened between the great mercan tile convulsion of 1847 and the great mercantile con vulsion of 1867. They diaoover, in the coarse of this interval, three circumstances having a most material hearing on the question submitted to them. These are-1. An unprecedented extension of our foreign trade; 3. An importation of precious metals on a stale unknown in history since the first dis cover:yet America; 3. A most remarkable develop ment of the economy afforded by the practice of banking for the use and distribution of capital. The facts illustrating each of these positions are, especially when brought into justaposition, of great interest and importance. First, as relates to the increase of oar foreign trade. Our exports, which before 1848 had never exceeded 60,110,11 W. —the amount which they reached in 1845 stood for 1837 at no lees a rum than 122,153,0001. Secondly, as regards the estimated increase of bullion. In the seven years from 1831 to 1837, it appears that the total quantity of gold added to the European stock was 107,300,0004 ; the total quantity of silver withdrawn 26,800,0001. ; leaving a hawse* of increase to the enor mous extent of 80,700,0001. in seven years. The increased prosperity and purchasing power of the English community, osesequent on free trade, and augmented likewise by the stimulus which this new wealth has given to the employment of industry, have necessitated a corresponding increase in the circulating medium. It is calculated, and apparently on good grounds, that the quantity of gold coin now in circulation in this country is not less than 30,000,0001. ; the total note circulation (un represented by bullion) being in round numbers 31,600,0001. Thirdly, the rapid increase of bank ing accommodation, and of the system of bill discounting, has at least kept pace with this enormous development of imports, and this vast ad dition to the quantity of coin permanently taken into circulation. The Joint-Stock Banks of London alone have increased their deposits from 8,830,7741., in 1817, to 43,10C,7241. in 18.37, and a corresponding increment is shown in other quarters. This extraordinary increase has been mainly derived from sources not heretofore available —the practice of opening accounts and depositing money with bankers having extended to numerous classes who never before resorted to this employment for their capital. In fact these Banks act—and, under proper regulations,act most beneficially—in drawing up like a vast sponge the innumerable rivulets of small capitals into great aggregates, capable of sub serving the gigantic operations of modern com merce. The aggregate of these deposits of course finds its way to London—the great centre of commercial activity—where it is prin cipally employed in two ways : by the London Bankers, in discounting bills for their customers; and by the Bat-Brokers, who obtain it from the banker', and hold it at call, on the security of bills already discounted. " Such is the magnitude of "thew transactions," observe the Committee in their Report, " that Mx.Nlarn, the present Governor of the " Bank, stated in evidence, 'We know that one " ' broker had 6 millions, and we were led to believe "' that another had between 8 and 10 millions. "'There was one with 4, another with 31, and a " third above B.' Such were the enormous facilities afforded by the Joint Stock Banking and Bill-broking 'yetis, tor the purposes of snaking large advances of capital. The mercantile community, animated by a spirit of reckless speculation, availed themselves of them enormous resources to the uttermost, and the rank emu e huge fabric of borrowed capital, resting for its sole foundation on • state of confidence which a few adverse circumstances might change into dis trust, and a prolongation of distrust convert into a panic. In the history of the world there never has been such !whim profligacy in advancing sesmey, each audacious avidity in borrowing it. " Great " abuse of credit and consequent overtradiag* are the decorous terms under which the Committee veil lust ever be regarded disgrace ea the this country. The comment, but with - that renders the Western Bank of Livemeel, Thum District Bank side of the great . sufficiently before readers there will be taro %WWI f"..0 tca awl wr Lie a. a series of transactions that must eve as reflecting the deepest diagi •comercial character of this et Committee state without C 04102411 • quiet eompletenem of exposure comment superfluous—the cases of Bank of Scotland, the Borough Bank and the Northumberland and Durham of Newcastle. This—the banking side ais•ey-swindle, his already been sued the Public ; but to many of our 'soden THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 22, 1858. some novelty in the exposure of the system of " open " credits " as adopted by i considenaiii:as o&, mercantile houses, and thus detailed in the rt the Committee : l it' • "Besides the failures which arm, from the sus -1" pension of American ranittances, usgestt class of " failum is disclosed. The nature of these transac " Lions was the system of open credits which were " granted; that is, by granting to persons abroad " liberty to draw upon the house in England to such " extent ea bad been agreed upon between them; " thou drafts were then negotiated upon the " foreign exchanges, and found their way to Eng " land, with the understanding that they were to be " provided for at maturity. They were prinei o pally provided for, not by staple commodities, but by other bills that were sent to take them up. There " was no real bassi to the transaction, but the whole " affair was a means of raising a temporary cots " mend of capital for the convenience of the indivi duals concerned, merely a bare commission hanging a upon it ; a banker's commission was all that the " hoarse in England got upon those transactions, " with the exception of receiving the consignments " probably of goods from certain parties, which " brought them a merchant's commission upon them ; " but they formed a very mall amount in compari " son with the amount of credits which were " granted. One house at the time of its suspension " was under obligations to the world to the extent of " about 900,0001., its capital at the last time of " taking stock was under 10,0001. Its hairiness was " chiefly the granting of open credits, i. e., the hones permitted liesllf to be drawn upon by foreign a houses without any remittance previously or con " tetnporaneously made, but with an engagement that a it should be made before the acceptance arrived at a maturity." The results of such a system as this, on the occur rence of any check to mercantile confidence, were not difficult to foresee. The check came in due course. The American failures (the result of the same system carried even to a more vicious excess) gave the signal, and the house of cards came tumbling down by the ran. We need not follow step by step the familiar details of the panic. Alarm became general; bankers limited their discounts almost wholly to their own customers, and began to add to their reserves both in their own tills and at the Bank. The Bill brokers who had been carryingon their enormous transactions without any cash reserve, fell back upon the Bank of England. In one day—the day on which the Treasury letter was issued—a celebrated Arm asked and received 700,0001. from the Bank. On that day the bullion in the Bank was reduced to 8,624,0001., and the Reserve to 681,0001. Govern ment interference had become absolutely necessary, but Government interference did not, ss in 1847, at once allay the demand for discount. The power of issuing in excess of the legal limit was exercised to the extent of 2,000,0001. Upon these facts the Committee come to the con clusion, as they are undoubtedly well warranted in doing, that the commercial crisis in this country was mainly owing to an excessive speculation and abuse ofcredit, to a system of open credits, accommodation bill., and re-discounts, and that, in its origin, it was not traceable in any way to the operation of the Bank Charter Act. Whether, when the commercial crisis had set in, its gravity was increased by the strin gency of that Act, is a point on which the Committee do not pronounce • categorical opinion. It is necessarily to be inferred, however, from the whole tenor of their Report, that ou this point their opinion is in favour of the operation of the existing law. Th y consider that nothing would be gained by extending the 14,000,0001. limit to 16,000,0001., or any larger amount, on the ground that, while it would add nothing permanently to the amount of notes out with the public, it would rather diminish than increase the power of giving Guist/ore in times of pressure, by tending to diminish the amount of bullion that might then be available for advances in the coffers of the Bank. This point we regard as tally made out. As to the question whether it would be better to leave the ultimate power of relaxation to be exercised, as it has been in 1847 and 1837, by the ex traordinary interposition of Government, or to define beforehand the conditions under which such power shall be resorted to, the Committee offer no recom• mendation either way, but reserve the point for the decision of the Legislature. They also reserve in the same way the question of private issues, and of the small note circulation in Scotland and Ireland. Upon the main question they report that if new pro visions shall at any future time be made by Parlia ment " the great object of securing the maintenance, " at the time of the severest pressure, of an ade " quote supply of bullion should be guarded with " the utmost caution ;" and they consider that " no mischief will result from at least a temporary con " tinuance of the present state of things, under which "the Bank of England holds the powers given by " the Act of 1844, subject to a notice of twelve " month', which may at any time be given by the " House of Commons through the SPEAKER." From conclusions so temperate and guarded few, except the zealots on either side, will be found to dissent. Meanwhile, those interested in this very important discussion will look with some impatience for the publication of the evidence on which the Report is founded. MA. 0. C. OLTS, M.P.—The hon. member for pad W conttioseet• • visit on Beturday bat, sod a al i ii4 eldressed them. In referring to tbe present rs et the t„ Mr. Glyn charged them with seeribeing pefeeFp So place and honesty to PZ ellaidog ass they wan to • very great exteatZ i t Y a i; when he reopestod, bet oboes prmetples ha did sot obeiler exedeeive to the Mode, or honour of this country, vb., Mr. Jetts WOW J.P.hfresoron.—ln anticipation of the eitineelet at Mr. Manias from the representation of daild ford, to MI the mon lucrative Oka of councillor at the IN ladle& board, Mr. J. P. Marroogh, the late member kr Bridpert, has addreseed the electors, and claims their ant tsp., as "• tried radio OSA and • consistent liberal." The gin-berm isarnia observes that "Mr. Marrone% los so earthly chance of mein adding M.P. to hie =on." REPRLSENTAITON 0, 14;1(Ditt8TER AND Roca- DALII.—EVIr ISM the exciting contest for ldancbester at the shake he 167, when Misers. Gibson aad Hermit weft Imiebsd, there hr his. s good dud of speettle- Yea se to the giehebberadehe ea a tattoo eiewdes. The stseswadds egeeady vereated Mot Mr Jelin Peter Todd es soseest et 111-bedtb, bet the ',- doodles hoes* wpm te be fidbovabg. sue the West he. et the mow is that he lea senseher gel eat oder Iddratilegde, eldist gourd Warns est egg y e trt =Mwelly a war WM of seem. • / bee ob eo as owing ad Mr. Theme Peirbeker, the late easiness st the Aall Tresenris =die Ornessitits, would be solletted es 1111 the treeney. This le met by • seeeneet, en geed swberity, Net Mr. Times leaky, hew* Pre sident ellbe Mersdreseer Chewier of Osessedes, tell be a weildele se Or wet dodos. We baste It lobe the het Oct Mt. &dm ewe doe ege esweeled le sere hewed It Mr. Oahe boated lo de so. Mr. Cobden y eodwueeei Is haw as I viutls tem ltoehwa a sad Is pereable ohm Mr. • Morn Oar Martreaskr will be eogelassed la by all shoo et like& in thee atty. Ma. B. A. OLovil MEVERLET.—Mr. Glover, en M.P. kw Beverley, sabered Hs town late on Tuesday eight amidst verbal dsweelndkes of excitement. The home wore taken from the meek In which he was sested, W the vehicht was drawn through the struts by the crowd. Mr. Glow selressed the ceowd No. the coach, dwelliag wash (ter this Moseilents• Bewelistos) upon his wrongs, psessenaisse, sod sawners. He slienM remain in th the w aslg Is tmhelibosrbeed Mil the 2nd of Ann.*, as the Asir at an Oillibllowe' dIZ a , sod bemedd thee ewe great !easy usitsrs cooneeted with thil borough. It we his Intention at the next election owe IMArI to Air Wessell ma a candidate, although hie ghettos wpme bed ben offend to be paid at three other Platen 111. political career bad began in Beverley, and It should sod there. All Wee stassouines were niceived with greet ebeerieg. ebt froun. - 1+ 0814.41/fl. JULY 21. .11. Duchess of attended Ty l. Ltioiy Fanny Howard and Oellonel Sir . O. Caspar, arrived at Osborne on • ,Vleit to her Mejeaty. The Quo, aocompenk4 Princess Alice, Princes Helena, and Prince Leopold, deers out in the afternoon. The Prince Consort crossed over to Gosport in the royal yacht Fairy. Her Msjesty's dinner party included the D uc h ess o f K en t, the Prince of Leiningen, Lady Fanny Howard, Sir George Cooper, rod Captain Crispin, R.N. • metre of the Council of the of Cornwall was held yesterday at theDschy-offies, Buckingham-Gate, St. James's- Nalt. There were pressor the Cheacellor, the Right Hoc. Thomas Parbertea Leigh ; the Keeper of the Privy Seel, Mr. Whitman; the Attorney-General Mr. Alesander; the Duke of Rewords; mad the fremteri, Mr. I. 8.. Gardiner. A deputation frees the Themes Cesearreasy had as inter view with the Charterer et the ffisehegeer in W i da , at hie octal reidence la Dowedariarest. The oon sistad of Mr. J. Thorp, Mr. Akirrea , Mr. J. Torrey, Mr. Theme Dekia, Madrid • in, Captain Pigott, sad Mr. Edward Timed, atheaded by Captidn Barrel, isereerry, red Mr. 8. Lao* weasel% A &pat/aids hooktispoishof d pi - without - A ffigate sad the Product Oa. Redress, on the /abject of the Me tropolitan Local Menagemisat Act Amendment Bill, had as interview with Lord John Manners yesterday at the o (toe of works, Whitehall-palace. The deputation consisted of Mr. Corr (secretary of the St. Katharine Dock Compaq), Mr. White (vestryrsa of St. Botolph-without-Aidger), sad Mr. Duke (vestryman of St. Botolph-without-Aktgate), Mr. Glyees (vestry clerk of St. Botolph-without-Aldpte), and Mr. T. Solith. A deputation from the Cotton Supply Asocittion of Manohootor, wadding of Mr. Beery AAworth, Mr. Wm. Waoklyn, and Mr. Joseph Simpson, had en interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer at his offidel residence in i Downing-street yesterday. The daputivion was accompanied by Mr. John Cbeetham, M.P., Mr. T. M. Gibson, M.P., Mr. Robert Phillips, M.P., and Captain Gray, M.P. A deputation of Middlesex jaalaie , COnsiating of Mr. Charles Herbert Cottrell, aad Mr. Pownall, ohairmsa of the Quarter Serious, with Mr. Charles Wright, clerk, trans acted business as the Hoes-ofiloe yesterday. Mr. Thwarts, ehalretea of the Metropolitan Board of Works, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Ex ohequer. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Gwrernor of Heligorad. .THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. • We have received advice. from Cape Town to June 6. On the 6th of June his Exaellency thi Governor, in the presence of the Legislative Council and House of Assembly, assembled in the state-room at ' Government Howe, assented in her Majesty's name to certain bills, and prorogued parliament until the 16th of July. The speech delivered by Sir George Grey on this occasion may ba said to contain also the latest Cape news of general interest. His excel lency said : I thank you for having afforded the government the MUM of continuing to encourage the einem of European immi gration which appears to be setting steadily in to this aloe)—and which will increase so largely the produce, the wealth, and the security of the country. The large and liberal provision which you have made for the continuation and maintenance of our great lines of Internal commtumicia ties will afford ample means of providing employment for ell immigrants who can arrive here, and add greatly to the futon prosper:ty of the °obey and to the value of all axed pr'oPerty I have also to thank you for having matured a reassure whke provides for theimprovement of the important harbour of Poet Elizabeth, upon which our oommercial prosperity so largely depends. Although the booms government has not ' LB justified in lending its aid In doming out the proposed hmelsmar of refuge in Table Bay, ft has been to me a source of great pleasure that our own revenues have boa found sufficient to enable the local government to carry out a large part of the contemplated plan. I still indulge the hope that the efforts you have thee made to carry on this great under taking may ultimately lead Oreaf Britain to assist in the completion of a work se nearly connected with the facility and security of the commerce of the world, sad with the in terests of the widely extended British empire. The assistance you have afforded the government in adding so largely to the Border Police Force, will enable am effectually to provide for the defence of the frontier, and the maintenance of the public peace in those districts into which Kaffir& have been largely introduced, while this Freeloading on your part, and the settee of security arising from it, will render still more satisfactory to the colonials the meneare the government was compelled to adopt, of intro ducing so large an amount of Kafar labour into the country, and which has happily, in so many respects, proved advan tageous to its isterests. I thank you for the interest you have manifested In the lamentable events which have recently taken place in the country beyond the Orange River. In complbstoe with your request and an application which had been made to me by the government of tke Orange Free State, I tendered my mediation to that government and to the Baimtn nation, expressing to each of them my earnest hope that I might sucesed in succeeefully adjusting the unfortunate differences which prevailed between them. The former of these countries , hes notified to me its grateful acceptance of my offer, subject, , however, to the confirmation of the Volksraad, which was , to meet in a few days. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed for the reply of the Basuto chief to reach me. Should his reply be of a favourable nature, I will then exert myself to the utmost to give effect to your wishes by carrying to a woos eful issue the mediation yea have advised, if as oppor tunity is afforded me of so doing ; but new complications appear to be taking place in the country beyond the Orange River, which may prelude me from acting In the manner you have desired. • - I am happy In being able to inform you that British Haffraria is in a perfectly tranquil state, and that sanguine expectations may now be reasonably indulged that the great natural resources of that fertile country may be un interruptedly developed, in which case it will very shortly attain to a Ugh degree of prosperity, and will contribute greatly to the wealth and commerce of this colony. I Marshal Canrobert on assuming the command of the Camp al Chilons on Thursday last : Soldiers I—res Emperor, in easerobling you at this map, vishal that we should continue the useful works ' which ha 41pm-intended last year. We will endeavour to fulfil hla litcations. We will each in our sphere develops the military instruction and education and the troops of each arm, after having labarlotiaiy earthed : that spacial science jelled fo lbws, sea being well pene trated with the part which they will have to perform during a period of war, will learn in there vast plains how, being assembled, they can mutually supprrt each other, and concur by their combinations to their general action in marching, skirmishing, and fighting pitched battles. Soldiers, your commander, whom most of you have known for many years, and who finds In your officers sad in many of you old and glorious companions in arms, Is the more happy and proud to command you, as be has the fullest eonfidence in your obedience, your warlike virtues, and in your devotedness to the Emperor, the living imago of our great country. CANROBERT. The Three per Cents. closed to-day at 68fr. 36c. for the end of the month, and the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. at 99k. 800. ; Orleans Railway Shares, 1,260 fr.; (heat Northern, 908 fr. 76e.; Strasburg, 630 fr.; Paris to Lyons and the Mediterranean, 733 fr. 750.; Western of France, 691 fr. 26c.; Bor deaux and Cette, 602 fr. 50c. Lyon. and Geneva, 575 k.; Bank of Credit Mobilier, 613 fr. 760.; Aus trian Railways, 628 fr. 76c.; Roman Railways, 487 fr. 60c.; Allegan Railways, 601 fr. 25e. Cocas Acriissnutys.-Pura, July 21.-Cash Prbsa- Four-and-a-Half per Cents. (not telinhorsable for 10 years), 936'. 760. 70o.; Three per Cents., Mfr. 3.5 c. 30c. 35c. 300. ; Bank of Francs, 3,100 fr. 3,000 fr., ; Cniiit Fonder, 600 fr. ; ditto Oblfgatione of 600 fr., Foar per Gate., 442 fr. 50c. ; ditto Three per Cants., 400 k. ; ditto, Tenths, Four per Cents., 91fr. 260. 906.; ditto, Tenths, Three per Cents., Site. 25e. ; Promissory OtHgetions of 1,000 fr., Three per Cents. (2006. paid), 950 fr. • Cridit Mobilise, 616 fr. 616 fr. 250. 617 fr. 60c. ; Dmoonnt Bank, 700 fr. ; Piedmontme Five pee Cants., Mr. 750.; Ananias Five par Cants., 921 r. ; Belgian Four and•a-Half per Canto., 991; Roman, 90j. Exchange on Loudon et sight, paper, 25fr. 9c.; matey, 25fr. 61c.; three month., paper, 24fr. 900. ; money, 24fr. erne. DUKE OF MALAKOFF IN BIRMINGHAM. The Duke of Malakoff arrived in Birmingham on Tuesday night. Yesterday, the Mayor, Bir John Ratcliffe, waited upon his Exoellency. The Duke went to Aston Hall and to one or two of the principal manufactories. In the evening the duke left for Eaton Hall, Cheshire. Their Royal Highneesee the Duchess of Cam bridge, the Greed Enke and Dachas of Mecklenburg , &Mita, and Prisms Mary, yesterday honoured Lord and Lady Poltimcce with their company at dinner, in Grosvenor square. The company invited to mist Emir royal highnesses ewe—the Dachas' of Wellingtoe, Earl and Commas of Jersey and Lady Clementine Villiers, Earl and Countess of Clarendon, the Sardinian Minister, Earl of Wilton, Earl. of Ilaishosbary, s■d Mr. Augustus Lumley. In the evening her ladyship received a select circle. Lady Charlotte Denison gave a ball last evening at her mare on Carlton House-terrace. Hia Serene Righ ter Prince Fredrick of Hoists& boomed her ladyship with his promos. The Duchess of Somerset had an afternoon party yesterday at Wimbledon Park. A awnerous circle of the aristocracy assembled at the duchess's invitation. The lineman. of Inverness has left Kensington Palace for the Castle Hotel, Richmond, for a fiw days. The Marquis and Marchioness of Breadalbane are expected to Mum to tows from Carlobed about the middle of next mouth, vibes they will repel'. to Taymouth Castle for the imam. The Earl Granville has left town for his seat in Staffordshire. The counter hen left for Aldacham Park, her son's seat, hi Bhropehlre. Lord and Lady Dynevor and family will leave town on Saturday for Bromham Hall, Badfordabire. _ . • Lady Arthur Hay left town yesterday for the baths of Hisinion. The Dowager Lady Whamliffe has arrived et the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. Lord Denman ha; left Claridge's Hotel. Lady Isabella Wemyss sad Miss Wemyss have left Kensington Palace for the Illill of Wight. The marriage of Miu Stuart:Porbee, eldest daughter of Sir John sad Lady Harriet Stuart-Forbes, with the Hon. Charles Teeing's, Id.P., eldest son of Lord Clin ton, will take place the trot week in August. Bir Robert Peel, Bart., M.P., and Lady Emily Peel, have left Belgmve•gaare for Kinlam, for a few weeks. Lord Goderich, M.P., leaves England to-day for Switzerland, where he takes Lady Goderich for the benefit of ►er health, which, we (Leeds Mercury) Pivot to say, bee eaftered owing to their recent bereatement. Hie lad e/Lip will be absent from England till the month of Sep tembe•. The Bishop of London will hold a confirmation for the people of St. Bartholomew, Moor-lane, at that church, on the afternoon of Sunday, August 8, when any from other pert. who have been unable to be confirmed out go. - - - - We find the following under the head " Fashion able mo►ements," in the BrigAton Gazette :—" The Duke and Duchess of Beaufort have been staying for some time at the Royal Albion Hotel, and on Monday his grace drove to London the only onach which rune between Brighton and the metropolis, the duchess being by his aide on the box. His grace purposes returning at Brighton races. The London Observer had a paragraph stating that the present duke drove the' Age' coach from Brighton to London. It was not his grog" bat the present doke's ether who took the reins of that fashionable coach in former days." The marriage of the Marquis of Sligo with Mile Julia C. Nugent, daughter of Anthony Nugget, of Pallas, in tba county of Galway, Req., was soisomised on Tuesday morning, the 20th inst., by special Homes, by the Rev. Giles Eyre, rector of Ktlmena, near Westport, in the pre sence of a select edrele, amongst whom were Mr. and Mrs. Nugent (father end mother of the bride), Lord John T. Browne, M.P., eft Thomas Burke, Bert., M.P., Air Robert Lynch Biome, Bart., and Lady Harriet Blow, Colonel and Lady Louisa Laos, the Mews. end the Misses Nugget, &c. Immediately after the oeramooy the Marquis and Marchioness IA town for London, where they will pre a few day; and am pseud ea a continental tour. The late Countess of Cardigan's funeral took place yeeteeday. It hree el the awl ameteatatioue sad private cierseur. Tag CAMP At ALDIMMOTT.—The military season et AlasslM seams es If Mt apprceebleg in termination. Testaadey was the het at he gala IMIII-days, and within a taw weds mere ma ',Massy reviewe will finish, may of the troop go late barracks, sad the pletermea matim mats et Ommommos will be Wm op. The Dab et Cambridge, etheadad by Lord Bergherah and Colonel Oaedoe, arrived ha as by nine o'clock, and their Royal Mittman the Dedham sad Princess Mary of Cambridge sad the °mad Mathew el Mecklenburg-Stadia Meade' by Berth Lambeth, else am dews by a later train to beam the review with their pomace. In addition to these libethrlase visitors hare me a conaiderible muter of cask sad lashiaa hem the melregolia, so that, on the whole, the bite evaelseitlyr the Len Valley presented se gay sad =loathed am lipid r w have me am, ma on the very lallhat myth 6M-deye. The whets force ea the mead wee arm& of 11,000 men, divided into eve cavalry regi mes* Mohan rosiseso. of MinsliTY, thirty gas., sad as tetimethe hem the Lagar= sod Mititary Ttai♦. _ _ A letter Anon lit;ekhoir says :-" According to moat accounts from the shakos of Drottlogholm, whore the King matron to reside with the sepal family, Ins Merry begins to room his Maga wry rater ieJly. He is new able to walk lc the prk whker requiring the support of oat or two persons, as had bees the ure during the previous twelve moulds." The Courrier de Geri states that Cardinal Wise man is expected to arrive at Bagoares-de-Bigorre before the end of this month. He coma to Mgr. de &lints, Archbishop of Awl, who ha been at Bagneres for some days. The Psidnoostes• Gasette states that on Count de Cavour's arrival at Genova, le was medially received by the population, and that a deputation from the Conant! of Stets paid him a vlidt, Before leaving he reosived the visits of other notable inhabitants of the elty, without distinction of political opinlona. The lion. Richard Lyons had an audience of the Grand Duke of Tummy et Lucca on the 17th, In which he preeested his credentials as British plenipotentiary to tho court of Florence. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. PARIS, WIDXESDAT ETINTXO. The following despatch has been received : Marseilles, July 21. The packet from Egypt, which arrived last might, brought as passengers, M. tlabathier, the French Consul• General at Alexandria; M. Emend, and kW& Eveillard. The dis turbances in Syria are on the increase. It is pi:whitely stated that a part of the Libman', comprising even Latakia and the town of Tripoli, in Syria, is in a state of revolt. Ismail Bey is said to have been mortally wounded. The Emir has ap plied for sasiatance. The pillaging Arabs, who had invaded the Manus, have been repulsed. The epidemic diem. at Nagai is diminishing. The Journal du Havre mays : Despatches from Captain de Lures lire Le Nourry, com mandant of the French naval station off Newfoundland, announce that after "royal interviews with the members of the triadic' body of the colony, he had succeeded in establiablas the bads of a new treaty relative to the Laborite, and of mob a nature as to give matidectiou to all the intereeis concerned. This result is considered the more importaat that the first convention agreed to had bean rejected by the British government. in conaequenos or its not herbs received the approbation or the colonial legislature. A nun named Moreau, but whose name "in re ligion " was Sister Alexandra, of the convent of St. Joseph, at St. Julien de Civry (Saone-et-Loire), who died in November, 1855, constituted by her will the Abbe Beerier her residuary legatee, and, as her property was very considerable, it was cal culated that, after deducting various other legacies which she had made, he would come into peens sion of more than 300,000 fr. Her family elms months ago brought en action before the Civil Tribunal of Charolles to have the will set aside, on 1 , the ground that it was invalid, because it was made for the benefit of the "spiritual director" of the testatrix, because it had been obtained by undue influence, and because the legacy was not made to the abbe personally, but on the understanding that be would transfer it to the convent of St. Joseph. The tribunal, after bearing all the pasties, came to the conclusion that there was nothing to prove the first two allegations, but that the third was well founded, inasmuch as in a previous will she had only left him 10,000 fr., and he had done nothing to merit from her, personally, a larger legacy. It therefore declared the will null and void. Two days back the abbe appealed against this deli- I sion to the Imperial Court of Dijon, and affirmed, in support of it (and offered to do so on oath), that the legacy was really made to him personally, not in trust for the convent; but the court did not credit him, and as the law does not allow legacies to be made to a person to be traasferred to a religious community, it confirmed the previous judgment. The .Koniteur de tArrisie contains the following remarks upon the cry of " French invasion " which is raised in England: Nothing as explain the "bind fear of Freer invasion which certain journals strive to proposals in Baer& More over it Is ter from complimentary to the power of the great mice to which they address theories' to wilsomer to persaade it that a force capable of redeebet tt iesld be eel tented at a moment's notice. It is also aznasedierey that • government which has given proofs at wisdom rid predawn should be supposed to dream of timing the esnosest of the United Kingdom, or era of a fraction of that have country, without making immense repudiate which could not be emosalod. Those who imagine that • numerous army could be fitted out in discos and disembarked as a neighbouring sort with the cone facility as ars& the landing of a party of excursioaists, must have • singular idea of warfare. The unthinking journals which sound the alarm-bil Is Bathed wield obtaia a pitiful race= were their amok to prevails the arming of the Bridsh reset with huts sod rem, red the eserentrados as shores which ere sot menaced of numerous undo whose prionos would be fez rare useful in India sad China. Were Prunes to oast aside her habits of frankness and good faith—which is imporibie—and really entertain perfidious projects egoism a friendly power, would not a spiewild triumph be prepared for her by these unskilful writers, wen they to succeed in ruining the national !humor sad fatiguing the population without • arils vessel having bora fitted out or a single regiment collected in Cherbourg beyond the force which is to be present at the inauguration ? The following order of the day was published by THE UNITED STATES. (DT NITTISH AND IRISH MAGNETIC TILCORAPH.) (MOW 0171 OWN 0013.111PONTENT.) LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY. The City of Baltimore, which put into Halifax on the oth, with machinery damaged, and which left Halifax on the 10th, as believed, passed Cork last night at nine o'clock. She is due here this evening. MONUMENTAL TABLET To THE LATE Dimrun Of BEAVIPOIt.—A monumental tablet to the late Duchess of Beaufort has recently been erected in Badminton Church, war Chippenham. It is a very oluistely-designed and ad mimbly-executed work of art, in white marble. The tablet is fixed between the monuments, executed in marble by Mr. Edward', to the sixth and seventh Dukes of Beaufort, the husband and eon of the late duchess; and it is erected by her surviving daughters and some in-law, who, where so much might have been recorded of moat exemplary deeds performed and true reverence won, have preferred a dignified simplicity in the inscription, which la worded u follows : Sacred to the memory of Charlotte Sophia, fifth daughter of the first Marquis of Buffed, and wife of Henry Charles, sixth Duke of Beaufort, to whom she bore thirteen children. She was born on the 10th of January, 1771, and departed this life in the peace and faith of Christ, on the 12th of August, 1844, aged 83. Her children rise up end Baled her blessed.' " Above this inscription, on a bead wider the medallion, there is the quotation, " 1 know that my Re deemer Beetle." It is surmounted by the monogram of the Redeemer between the letters Alpha and Omega.—Both Onside. A QUARTERMASTER'S ENOLICL—A Captain Lane, of the Ist Royal Lancashire Militia, wee brought up on Saturday, before the magistrates of Lancaster, for sending a challenge to Mr. Dunn, a gentleman from whom Captain Lane rented a home. An assault was also proved, and Captain Lane wee bound over in the sum of 601. to keep the peace. The cent wee a very common affair; but the following letter written by Quartermaster Knights, the mooed chows by Lane, is worthy of being published, ma a proof of the necessity of a competitive educational examiw don amongst oar military men :—"Lancaeter, 26th May, 1868.—Sir,—Having.weloid on you this morning, by request of Captain Lena, you have Objected to retract or Apologise, or even to give him any &Inaction which, ruder ouch cir cumstances, WIWI" objected to by GENTLAYIN. Yon have also made sash a conteutptable encase he desires me to state, that be Cosekkes you too little for his further Notice. I 'amulet conclude without remarking, that your conduct to , wards myself was either court:tom or gentlemanly,—Sir, I ant your obedient servant, It. Kuiours. Th. Dunn, Esq." —Nevem& Chronicle. ADMISSION TO CATHEDRALB.—A very large I way, consisting, we believe, mostly of Primitive Methodists from Tipton and the neighbourhood, arrived in Worcester by trip-train on Mond*, lest Amongst the attractions held oat to them wee the cathedral—certainly one of a high order, and &calmed to produce virtuous impressions, to elevate the thoughts, and inspire pious sentiments. They were led to believe that they should be able to inspect this eddies tree of cost, but when they reached the door a charge of threepence was demanded for admission. The Primidve Methodists, who had left Tipton in order to be removed from the immoralitiess and dissipation of the wake there, might have supposed without any great stretch of imagina tion, that they had exchanged it for a fair, where shows at threepence a bead are common enough. The charge . acted in most cues u a prohibition. Some paid and went in, but the majority declined to submit to the exaction, and, though mach disappointed, and making reflections anything but timerable to the " Poor Man s Church," sought other mesas of recreation.— Worcester Chrosielo. ORFAT NORTH ERN HOOPITAL..--The first &nai ve/teary festival of this charity was celebrated last night, at the London Tavern, tinier the presidency of Mr. Ad ermen Was and a 'imams company. It ie only two yeses dace this hospital was founded, 1n York-road, Klag r ehrom, by the late Mr. 8. F. Statham, at whose expense it was carried on for 12 mouth. Dining that period kindred. of persons crowded the doors of the charity, sad the neseashy for its ealargemeat beams immediately perceptible. ha adjohdeg home was taken, 60 in-patieots were aconnisodated at a cost of 6001., and a complete medical staff wee hems& TM a pita is situated in the midst of a population of 270,000 sods, and during the past year 25i In-patients, aad 87,788 out-patients, participated in the advantages of the cha rity. The Receipts for the year ameested to 1,2181. 16.. 4d., whilst the expenditure amounted to 20111. 14. 6d., leaving a babas, against the hospital of 7841.168.8 d. Mr. Adenoma Wise made a vigorous appeal on behalf of the tharity, which he sad recommended itself to public support beaten it was an hospital, because Its doors were free to all, and booms it was situated is the midst of a poor and deneely crowded neighbourhood. lie trusted that the result of their fleet ennivenutry would be net only to enable the committee to bquidete the debt which weighed upon the charity, hot to lay the headetion of en hospital—an hospital which should 1 be built, not we • paled, but as a building fit to aceocomodate in canton those who were obliged to resort to it for restore hoe to Mali and Ws. "The prosperity of the hospital' was drub with usthusiemn. The subscriptions amounted to nearly 40W. Tooatara' LUGOAO2.—Mr. C. W. Eborall, general manager of the Booth Feetetn Railway, reminds families about to travel of the facilities provided for regialration and forwarding baggage from London-bridge station dime to continental towns, such es Cologne, them to await*, owner's arrival and be examined by the customs, bra chugs. A common practice of travellers intending to slop at intermediate points is to mod their baggage forward in this way, taking with them the few articles required on the journey in a small beg, which ma be placed under the seat of the railway aerie^e, and entails no aspens either on the ran •ay or for ocm ml The charge for registration I. 10d. per package. • A BRAYS 1104.—A few days ago a eh:id aged Sour years, eon of Capt. Cranner, of the sloop Eliza of Chichester, fell from the quay at Usually late the copper works dock, a distance of at least twenty feet. The little boy toes to the surface, and was about golog down a second thee whoa a young lad, belonging to the Gipsy, of South sad George Green, aged 16, sprang overboard sad brought him safely ashore. FREE AND AROIRTED IMMIGRATION TO THE CAP E.—The provision made by the govuenneat for I colonists to obtain tree or sedated pumps to the= er other persona whom they may &elm to leissince Into this colony from the United Kingdom, Is at My" Wog availed of. Withia the last few weeks, forty-egmagglisatione have, been regiatered for free and assisted passers lie 129 paw. Thirty-four of the applications or. it free pastres„ aid seven for assisted pamages. The ossimmtilas et the patties sought to be introdneed ere varied. mai kolas historian, abeerotecere, web:heaters, tineadtbe, exit% domede esr vast% carpenters, joiners, gardeners, cabinetmakers, a &saint sad druggist, a land @tumor brmimeher, bumewcekent, pipmeaker, oigarmak llosoager (desist la Wee), dress makes, and leder' boot and she. bieders.—taps Argue, June 1. DISPATCH Of AMERICAN LITTERS PION LIVER POOL.--The Vigo, steamer, sailed from Liverpool yesterday for New York, with about 60 cabin paesengere, a large cargo, end a ship's mail. On Saturday next the Canard steen.er Persia will sail for New York with the mails and paatengerc Letters most be posted in Liverpool before 6.46 a.m., though with late feu they will be received till 7.46 cm., and on tll landing stags mill 8.411. PRISONS IN TILE SOUTHERN DISTRICT. This morning was issued the annual report, by Mr. J. G. Perry, upon the state of the prisons under bh Inspection, viz., in the southern district, comprising the whole of that formerly called " Home District," augments( by the addition of :tine other counties. In a general Nina teary, Mr. Perry states that of the sixteen English counties la the seethernAtifriet, twelve have adopted the separate ',stem in its integrity; the remaining eotr still retaining their prisoners more or lees In association. "Among the latter," he says, " it is to be regretted that Middlesex stands matepienons ; but u the magistrates have it in contemplatio n to build a large number of separate cells in one of their houses of oorreotion, and have already completed the first instalment of a similar work in the other, the prospect of the removal of the metropolitan comity Into the other category is not very remote.. The same may be said of the county of Cornwall, in which the building of a new prima on the aspi rate system is progressing, though not very rapidly. Nee moat the city of London be omitted in this enumeration, far while It possesses, in the Holloway House of Correction, oft of the best prisons on the separate system in the kingdom, there his risen up within the walls of the gaol of Nevrgate similar structure, now near completion, which will receive the greater part of the male prisoners awaiting trial in sepa rate cella." 51r.Perry asserts that the merits of the separate system ef discipline continue to be recognised wherever it bar beta oonaistently carried out and the adenines presented by productive labour over the merely punitive operation of bard labour cranks are more and more extensively admitted from year to year. A singular feature in the reports on individual prisons, is the very great difference in the aipenees attached to them. "As a stoking example in illustration," say. Mr. Perry, "I may refer to the difference in the annual ordinary charge per ptisoner in the two prisons of the °omit) , of Berks. In the gaol of Reading the average annual coat of a prisoner is 271. 12s. 11d., while in that of Abisgdon it is 411.9.. The larger size of the former prison would, I am aware, give It an advantage in the economy of management over the latter; but I apprehend that that explanation is not suit. cleat, since in prisons of the same sire it is not uncommon b find a similar disparity. As an instance of this I may cite the two borough prisons of Barnstaple and Poole, which receive almost exactly the same number of prisoners annually, while in the former the average annual cost of maintenance of a prisoner is 181. 8.. 4d., and in the latter, 591. Os. 7d. If, too, we compare the three similar prisons of Usk, Southamp ton, and Bath, the difference will be very remarkable, for while in the two first anted the cost is 231. Be. ed., and 251. 18.. ed. respectively, that in the prison last named is 391. lie. 7d. I am not prepared to say from what causes this peat disparity may arise, but the fact is one of the greatest importance, and ought to be carefully inquired u CLSVER DITECTION 07 4 THIEL There wax an excursion train from London to Southampton on Monday, end among the passengers there appear to have been some London thieves, inclined to blend busixess with pleasure. A showily-dressed excursioni s t visited the shops of Messrs. Abraham sad Pegler, jewel. len, in Southampton, and ordered some goods to be sent to a gentleman's honer in Portland-terrace. The goods woe sent, and returned as not having been ordered. The urns man afterwards entered the shop of Mr. Yon, another jeweller. The sou of the latter, a lad about 16 years of age, was AIM in the shop, and immediately he saw the stranger suspected that he wee not a gentleman, end determined to keep • shop look-out. The stranger was very capricious in his UM while Inspecting the jewellery is Mr. Yon's shop, and pes a dell of trouble in consequence of the variety of wicks he wished to examine. The led, while he turned away to get box of goods to show, secretly kept his eye on his customer, and maw him dexterously take up solne_jurellery toys sed orsamemM M and put them in Me pocket. uter Yon took no notice of this, but went on serving him. lie AM* gave a private signal for some one in the house to fetch a policemen. The thief, after he had stolen the goods, became restless, end maims to leave. He stated that he had not say more time to spare ea his carnage was waiting for hint, and reqnseisi that WNW goods might be swat to Portland-terrace, when s selection could be made. The lad now enceavoured to bold him In parley by urging him to point out what goods he wished sent to his residence. While doing so, the boy sad the thief both saw a policemen rapidly approaching the shop. The latter, as quickly and secretly u poesible, too 'the orna ments from his pocket end dropped them into the jewellery cue on the counter. The policeman and Mrs. Yon now entered the shop. Muter YOll charged the stranger with theft ; the latter looked indignant ; threatened an action fu defamation ; mentioned respectable persons in the town wham he knew; and, finding this of no use, he impaled pathetically to Mrs. You net to give himin custody, assuring her that ha son wee mistaken, taat he himself was highly zegpectsith, and that he wee welting for his frlenda,who were gone meal the lee of Wight in the excursion boat. Mrs. Yon we shout to decide in the fellow's favour, when her gm instead upon policeman taking him in custody, and after dreg. i violently he was locked up. The pin in his shirt hoe, and watch ornament, were found to be gilded brass, sai his watch-gnard lied listened to it, In his waistcoat pocket, a pion Gilead pencil fruited of a watch. The fellow, before the magistrates, denied that he had mentioned ne speetable persons in the town es his Mends, but the pollee men. coatradioted him. He was remanded until to-dsy, Aboshsme end Pegler have not missed any goods; but time as be no doubt that the prisoner went into their Mops far the purpose of stealing, and thee If he did take my thing it was given to confederates Immedletely. The fellow made sure, most probably, of booty, in Mr. Yon's shop, co seeing only a boy present. He is • young men, without whiskers, and writes a very good head. The head of the pia in hie shirt-front wee a horseshoe with a spur, sad his watch ornament a locket. At Mr. Prelates he gave his name as Hervey • at Mr. Abraham's he called himself Mr. Johnson, jam, and wrote his address. When apprehended, he gave the muse of Graham to the police. INCLOSUIE COMMISSION. —it appears from a special report of the Inclosure Commissioners issued this corning, that since the 15th of last March they have autho rised the inclose» of 1,600 acres of lend at Oulu,' in Cum berland, 3,399 acres et Harwood Dale in Yorkshire, 220 at Bangs in Hacks, 605 at Hadfield in the county of flomh scuptoti, 26 at Corebrough in Yorkshire, 123 at Wisboro% green in Sussex, 93 at Wblchwood, Aden and Leafed (Minster Lovell) in Oilorddire, 1,928 at Dingle,' in York. shire, 126 at Bhepperton in Middlesex and Barret', 1,487 si Lamplogh in Cumberland, 1,057 at Sheedy Cerny', Castle Campo, and Bertlow in Cambridgeshire and Essex, 300 at _ . Dratiittost-moor to Yorkshire, 1,218 M Woo'mar Forest fa the oounty of Southampton, 44 at Larkton Hill in aniline, 116 at Ithosygarth in Cardipnaltire, and 742 at 1100160112 is Yorkshire. The second reading of the Marriage Law Amend ment Bill will be moved in the House of Lords to-morrow night by Lord Oage. In the House of Commons, to-morrow night, Mr. Maguire proposes to mil attention to the advantage and me emirate of the use of stamped letter paper, and the secs ity for its speedy issue by the Board of Inland Revenue. DOUBTFUL CHAROE AOAINST FOREIGN HOTEDI.-• The Timm prints the following letter from "B. t." About this time two years ago you gave is your columns sat extract from a book of travel by Madame Musgrave relating to small holes which he found bared la the bedroom doors of French hotels, which treacherous hobs he told us are appropriately called ' Trona Judas.' Musgrave said, as the fact is, that a person appljing his eye to one of these holes can gratify his filthy eurioeny, sad ma ass everything that goes on in the bedroom into witch be is looking as clearly as if he wore stating he pi the window. Last summer, being abroad in and the north of Italy. I carefully searched M ase G = disgusting custom was limited to France. I regret to say that It is not. I found it almost universal is all the hash where I stopped. I see from the page of my last yede diary which I open at hazard, ,hut at one of the best .hoesis at W;sebrisa there were in my bedroom two side doors, white opmaismiested with other bedrooms. In ono of than dices lbw wan live, in the other door there were four, of thaw Mile Woe: above each hole wee a greasy mirk leg by lbs boas of the peeping Toms' who had availed them selves of this mane of watching the toilet mysteries of mast an unraogiellas Oodles. So small are these boles the It Is often dwY be them—sometimes they ate neer the top, Maistiessabosset at the bottom, of the doors. I wire tble SO MIS Whit ladles going abroad of the axistanos of these 'Trove ;wise' in foreign hotels; and I advise them to °serf with than large pieces silk or lines, end to pH them ap over the wools of any side doors is their ledroesse• Thee bolos Asa esespe even • careful search; beam, am* Meow easy he MOM when lattice go to bed &Welts then may be more prepared and in fall use by the time thq get up In the og." SUICIDE OF A CAB Durres.—Yesterday antonym* was held, by Mr. Wekley, at the Elephant sad Gide, Ying's•road, Cambia-town, cm Richard Edwards, a NIP driver, badge 4,080, aged 40. Emma Monody, who lima near the canal at aim Town, about midnight eixa beard • vehicle drive along the bridge which aroma Qt• and upon looking out of window she observed the drirtng • Emu= cab. He palled up wises be got to tbs middle of the bridge, and He thou lit i tylge, resting Lis areas as the parapet. of the Into wake Ike slaw redawroz Aitar bli t horn, ad wand miens the bake of the caul sot see the safartimiste man afterwards, but after those!, Steed oar tl ;i 7s nem time a pelican's are elact is a a tr a be rho aireametanso, when, with MOOR VMS dead the body in the canal, eke* to 1:11p Frees Mee oellhaos et the widow and other 141.16 1 .• X t h vihster i t: y ou thad e s e.""mir turs time balliPhis asst was an aar date, g °l' adw . e i i i n t htge been o v‘sh his being d be b ."" p li ro s = lag Vegdidrns t A me.,,,_.b .," • lately stop*. He had taken to drink for 0 30619111WIP•N and hie condition became moat deplorable. however, that he never threatened or attempted as he might have slipped down the bank into the XI coroner recommended the jury to record no open " Found drowned." This course we agreed to, sad th , e gamy Unabated. • id; ohani Beat state that gover CON of the !mywi ss;ara of tii rt more whirl (Chec .-- --- Aft HAll fdr of tb moo brake ___ Thi could swim Sir expen, matte check were Or we few y, and II iiopp r anfw . clause don. di; ing 00III1X Wank TIM tion In ea pram =non lieft somik The Loos' sittini SPI 44,1 Pllite TI et the bee 1: Imam ohm* them wlllb ----- FA two r aims-. Ilelda Moak celled the hi ogr. as was 4 Ti ON II 40 7. sett, I &id tht who • el di I heti. Ft two 0' from if (TN it s t k tn o b t 4 FL Xtra ▪ tt war No. &am whlob aotvrii • bu