The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-15 00:00:00

'ROYAL POLYTECHNIC iNSTITUTION.- A LECTURE on the DR AMINO of strung TENACIOUS TS, foe suffice water, will be delirered to the puSlie by W. 1 34 ; 11 ACK Wklorrut, Esq., in the Theatre of this Institution, on THURSDAY, toe 17th init., of half oast Three o'clock. The other lectures and exhibitions u noel. MR. DEMPSTER'S ORIGINAL BALLAD SOIREE.4.—Mr. Demp st er composer composer of the " Lament of the taMmot." " Blind Boy," May Qum," and other American _Melodies, has the honoar to announce that his FIRST MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT will be given at the PRINCESS'S CONCERT. ROOM, Castle-street, Oxford-street, TO-MORROW EVENING, December 16, on which occasion be will slag a selection from his own ennpriedtlons. To commence at Eight o'clock. Tickets, Is. 65.; Reserved Seats, 2i. 6d.; Gallery, Is. To be li.ad Duff and Hodg son's, 65, Oxfordastrect ; the Doors; and of Ile. Dempster, 11, Howard -street. Strand. WILSON'S SCOT fISII ENTERTAINMENTS, • at Crosby MlL—Last Night but Two.—THIS EVENING, at 'eight o'clock, Mr. WILSON will give an Entertainment on the [SONGS of the HIGHLANDS, In which he will sing, " My Heart's in the Highlands," " The Maid that tends the Goats," " Lizzie Lind say, "The M'Gregor's Gathering," „ Farewell to Lochaber," "Come wader my p/sidie," "Pibroch o Donut' Dbu," " Row wed, my 'bootie," Tullochgorum," &c. Pianoforte, Mr. [and. Tickets and programmes may be had at Messrs. Keith, Prowie, and Co.'s, Cheap. nide ; at Messrs. Smith, Eider, and Co.'s, Corn) ill ; and at Crosby Hall. YCEUM THEATRE.—PROMENADE CON CERTS.—LAST NIOIIT.—THIS EVENING, December 15, r. ALLCROFT'S BENEFIT. Overture, William Tell; Polka, Elia; Operatic selection, Hobart le Diable, by Mr. Distin and his Four Sows, on the Sax-Horns; Itallul, Mira Eliza Nelson; Solo, Clarionet, Mr. Badderky ; Polka. Victoria-Albert; Farstaria, Violin, MasterThirlwall ; Vocal Duet, the Idiot.' Williams; Fantasia, Harp, Mr. Fred. Chat terton ; Quadrille, Military. At the end of the First Part Mr. Alleroß will delivers Farewell Address.—Part 11. Overture, Oberon; Mr. Sinclair; Teti, Turner Family; Quartette 03 the Sax-Tubas, by Distin and his Sons ; Operatic Sele.tion, Don Quixote; Qua drille. Mselpeta:; nika, Royal Mail; Overture, Der Fraischutz ; Finale, (lad Save the Queen.—Conductor, liegri.—Pit, Promenade, and Upper Roma, Is.; Dress Circle,L. 6d.; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. sad 21s. Application to be made at the Box-office. N.B.—Ladies visiting the Dress Circle and Private Boxes will be presented with a copy of two New Polkas, viz., the Victoria- Itbert and Royal Mail, both of which have been nightly encored.—The Se won will terminate to-morrow night with the GItAND BA I. MASQUE. YCEUM TREAT R E.--BAL MASQUE. — L t Mr. ALLCROFF'S NEAPOLITAN BAL MASQUE will take TO-MORROW (Wednesday), Dec.l6, it Wag palatal ,. last this season. A new °rebates will be erected at the ex d the leaving a spacious area, which will be newly the :Nit theatre will be brilliantly illuminated and oragenentleL Th e "robes!** will °owlet of ONE HUNDRED asset-rete As rams. Fir the comfort of the visitors, twelve masters of rho cremes lave been appointed. Tickets is. Gentlemen's Tickets. 7s. 6d. spectators (dress circle) . ~ upper boxes 2s. 6d. gallery ls. Applieatils for tickets, private boxes, and places to be made at the Bos- 02 ice, and at 62, Regcntatreet, and 15, New Bond-etreet and Mr. Simmons, 7, Tivistock-street, Covent-garden, in appointed costumier. theirs open at half-past Nine; dancing to enninimee at Tea o'clock. 7: lit -,' 1 prt*S. MAILS. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lishon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the 17th December. The Newt Delhi mails, excluding these for Mexico, Honduras, and I the Havannah, will be made up on the morning of the 17th December. Tb, overlstvi wails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian latitude, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, ria Southampton, will be made up on the evening of the 19th December. The overland closed mails, ores Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt. Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Kong, Re., will be made up on the evening of the 21th December. • The mails for New South Wales, Van Diemen' s Land, and New Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 3 let December. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United Rates, will be made up on the eventig of the 4th January. The male for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Bahia, Madeira, and Buenos Ayree, will be dispatched on the evening of the 4th January. TO CORRESPONDENTS. :• Advertiarniente intended for The Express, London evening paper, must Mat the Once by Two o'clock on the day et publkation. MOH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDOS Tina DAL —Morn*, 21 min. past 11 Aftersooa, 49 Min. PIA To-Roaaow—lioraing, put —; Afternoon, la ma. past 0. LONDON, TUESDAY, DEC. 15. We are utterly . weary of reading proposal after proposal for the improvement of Irish agriculture. Not but that such improvement is a very good and desirable thing. But accomplished in any way, or to any extent proposed, we do not see how it is to meet the immense pressure of pauperism and forced idleness. Mr. O'Bei EN, in his last letter, would locate 50,000 families of peasant proprietors on waste lands. Very charitable. But when the ten years had elapsed, during which these waste lands were rendered profitable. to what numbers would these 50,000 families have swelled ? Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD, with Mr. SCROPE and the Times, would proclaim a poor law, and acquaint the Irish peasant that he had a right to be fed from the produce of the Irish soil. We don't deny the right ; but, like many other rights, we question much the expediency of proclaiming it. What are the acts of last session regarding Ireland, but a temporary poor law? We see how it is working. A poor law, with out a test and a workhouse, is confiscation. It secretly takes all property from those who have it, to give to those who have none. But the poor law, with a test, would be for Ireland the fiercest of coercion bills, and would require an army of 50,000 men to work it. The only mode of dealing with the monster evils of the Irish population is to give it employ. The general cry of all English writers at present is, throw this onus on the landlords. Now, we do assert, that the Irish landlords want the knowledge first, and then the means ; and that if there be no leaders, no patrons, no economists, no paymasters, but the Irish landlords, then hope is exhausted, for the evil is incapable of remedy. If, however, the great remedy cannot be worked out solely by the landlords and the land, how is it to be worked? Can government create other kinds of industry! Government can lend money upon mort gage, but upon nothing else. And where, then, is capital to come from? Will English capitalists come forward? To qu estions of this kind one is tempted to reply in the Irish fashion, with a question. What is capital? Is not a fertile soil capital? Win not a monied man buy it ? Are not navigable rivers capital? Is not a sea-board, furnished by nature with good and capacious harbours, lying to windward of all Europe, capital ? Was not Lisbon, similarly situ ated, capital for the EMILANUELI and ALBUQUERQUES; Cadiz for FERDINAND and ISABELLA ? Are not navi gable rivers, waterfalls, mines, pent-bogs, coal-mines, capital ? Is not Ireland endowed by nature with all these? Is not a dense population capital? And has not Ireland in this respect a numerical superiority over • every country in Europe? Still, with all these advantages, Ireland is in want of foreign, and especially English capitalists. But that the capital tobe imported need come from the treasury of England, we much doubt. A joint-stock company that would turn the resources of Ireland to their proper account must draw upon the heads rather than on the pockets of the shareholders. What Ire land wants is the plain practical sense of English men, and the wisdom not long since gathered by them. The English landowners, riding upon that fearful sophism, the Ittemino theory of rent, constructed an artificial food market, upon which of course the pros city of all other classes of the community thence ward depended. This monopoly was tolerated as long as England's manufacturing superiority allowed the majority of the population to pay a higher price for grain than other nations could afford. But the sales to foreign markets began after years of peace to be curtailed by foreign competition. The manufac turer had, besides, no monopoly of the home market, such as the landowner e n j o y ed. The question, therefore, presented itself practically to English common sense , ca n the landowner turn his ground to no better use than one which will ultiniately render all the other possessions of the nation—her mines, her factories, her shipping, her credit, her trading infloence, the industrious training, of the 'people, Utterly valueless? The progress of improve , ment in manufacturing leads to abundance and cheap neas. The growth of the landlord's rent was shown by Mr. RICARDO (or rather by his followers) to de pend upon scarcity and consequent dearness of food. No other result could be attained by a consistent ad herence to the system, first openly advocated in Par liament by Lord RIPON (when Chancellor of the Ex chequer), than that, ultimately, all the earnings of the trading and manufacturing population must go to pay for grain. Then, indeed, would have come to pass what had been spoken by the prophet. Rents would have risen exactly in proportion to the increase of the demand over the supply of food. Beautifully comprehensible as this logic was, it found, strangely . enough, feW advocates beyond logicians "ex professo" in England, and some who came to their assistance from Scotland, and, we regret to say, from Ireland , also. The people never believed this gross fallacy.l They were not able to combat it with reasoning, but they did so with English instinct--common sense. The mannfatturer, as soon as he found the fine-spun legislation of the corn-growers seriously inc My ce him, said, in his grumbling fashion, " My and steam-hammers do not stop your farming, why do yul drive your plough into my mill? m Can't you ?" turn I iar horses without trampling on y jennies society. The Church of Scotland can no longer retrace its steps, and assert an exclusive visitorial power of schools. Of the 2,700 schools (or thereabouts) in which it exercises visitorial power, nearly 1,700 have voluntarily subjected themselves to it, and upon con dition of a conjoint power of visitation , being vested in laymen. The Church can be made to understand that the continuance of its exercise of the visitorial functions in these schools may be made dependent upon its admitting, laymen to pa pate in that power in ithe case et these schools which it has by law an ex ' elusive right to inspect. These laymen are not exclusively members of the Established Church. At the present moment a majority of the town councils both of Edinburgh and Glasgow are dissenters. There are difficulties in the way, no doubt. Personal piques are more difficult to overcome than even sec tanan jealousies • but a great stride has obviously been made towards the establishment of local of control for the schools established within defined districts, composed of members, lay and clerical, of all the leading sects. A majority of the teachers of Scotland have been accustomed to court such inspection as the best means of affording the public a guarantee for their respectability and sedulous discharge of their duty. Hitherto we have beenarguing from external warances merely, but expressions of opinion by __ ituential parties corroborate dor inferences. The views expressed on the subject of national education in the North British Renew, which is not indeed exactly an organ of the Free Church, bat is con ducted by some of its most able members, indicates willingness to acquiesce in s uch an arrangement. 'the writer of the letter which appeared in last Tues day's paper, a member and warm adherent of the . present . , parochial system, when he contemplates the admission of dissenters to parochial schools, must ocon t e mplate such a change in their • ,pence and control as will ensure fair-play to dissenting teachers. Lastly, Mr. OORDOX, the Government Inspector of Schools for Scotland; all whose principles and sentiments incline 'him to the cause of the Establishment, advocates, in a report in the volumes of the minutes of the Council of Educa tion above referred to, the additionof some lay visitors to the members o f Presbytery who are at present, by its deed of foundation, the exclusive managers of the Dollar Aeademy. We throw out these suggestions under a deep con viction that the best mode of promoting national edu cation, is for the central minister, or wuncil of educa tion to outcast a wide sphere of action to local By the Pariepapers of Saturday, which reached us only at a late hoar yesterday afternoon, we find that the same mystery continues to hang round the protest of M. Guitnt against the Cracow spoliation affair. Notwithstanding the unmeasured diatribes which appeared almost daily ill the columns of the ministe- riateurstals, against the audacious proceeding of the no ern courts, and the bustle which attended the goings and the comings to obtain a joint protestation with England, it seems likely after all that the pro, I test of the Tuileries has dwindled Intoavery wretched ] end pitiful affair—one which, it is evident the Wail- 4 terial journals are ashamed to pet fbrth. The Cabinet of Turin has jest given another mark of its liberal tendencies and its sympathy with the vernment of Pius IX. The Envoy from Turin, ; ust Broglie, had signalised himself at Rome by his l devotion to the views of Austria, and allowed himself to become an instrument of the Austrian, Neapolitan , I and Gregorian league, whose object is to obstruct the ] beneficent measures of the Pope. King Carlo Alberto ham not only recalled Count Broglia, but, as a mark of his displeasure, allowed him the smallest retiring pension ever given to ministers. The King has all the liberal dispositions manifested by the PoPeo but, CONSTANTINOPLE. Nov. 27. Letters from Mossoul state that Bedherhan Bey is continuing his ravages. A tribe of pastoral Nestor STEAM CUMMUNICA,MION BETWEEN HAVRE AND Now YoRR..—We road in the Coustitettitlviel :—', A, new obstacle appears likely to retard the decision which the Council of State hea to come to on the propositions of the company offering to undertake the correspondence between Havre mad New York. This obstacle comes from rival ports, suith as Bordeaux, where the accession of importneee that mush fall to the share of Havre from this repass emu , munieotien, is viewed with uneasiness. It appears that the , ministry must expect a s•ror,g resistance Beer the rogresenta -1 tires of Bordeaux. But before Havre CM enjoy fdil the ad vantages, which certainly the correspondence with New 1 Yolk would confer on it, it ought to le able to receive in its &elm the four 460-horse power Wesween destined for the see. robe. Beery one is *wore that works of this nature do sot 1 get on'very rapidly, and Berdesaix will have time enough to 11 establish its cor respondence before the dock for the trans atlantic packets is finished at Havre. Beelike, Bordeaux is warranted in complaining as well as Marseilles, of the delay 1 in elevating the law of 1840 relative to the transatlantic 1 servile." . THE WILL OP THE LATE MR. STACreoLE,—By the will of Mr. William fitaipOole; which has already given rise to much litigation, he left to each of two daughters a sum of 3,0001. sterling, but ordered that if either should marry without the consent of Mr. James Staopeole, she was not to receive her legacy, and it was to go to her sister. Miss Elconera Stacpoole, wishing to contract a marriage with. M. Calllet, an officer of infantry in gerrima at Strasbourg, ap plied frequently to Mr. James Stacpoole, for his consent in writing, but could receive no answer. She, therefore, re-1 solved to summon him before the Civil Tribunal, in order that be might be compelled to give his consent, or that the court might order the clause in the will to be set aside. M. Caillet also appeared as an intervening party. The cause was heard on Thursday, when, after hearing cote:Wel for the CHANNEL IBLANDS.—The J e rsey Chronique star: " Government is about to cor.struot a naval in s a; Catherine's Bay. Two engineers are already e Prt, ulPoL i , A taking measures for the construct ion of this port, and 0 u se '"'",o for the fortifications that will be erected there , ' 01 art ° may expect to see 1,50 0 convicts arrive hi this p island to assist in the work. It is added thst the 5 1 f„, of the island will shortly he reinforced, and will I? 7 . 1 i v it se t a n o n f d t g .h4 Ilst regiment cf !Jot and the dep)t of Vl' was self the iide lord the ley 1 Hu lion set of afro kr, con suit for( irri or his ICC his the tiot aCC , ice "a i at 0i no L P C L I • C k i I : t t a ... . i ! 1 • i • Stip, with all mese anvanutKe., trete... .............- ____ _ foreign, and especially English capitalists. But that society. t , the capital tobe imported need come from the treasury The Church of Scotland can no long e r retrace ite yernmental thraldom . of opinion, or abuso of in hence s'itek:en:_w_ih•y—ene-:-ethome-r--raii--wa--y-000- companies - . 1 1 of England, we mach doubt. A joint-stock company steps, and assert an exclusive visitorial power of is eo remote, that it may safely be disregarded, in' do not iniiitat „ e i d moat ta ut t i i a ng to tn m al te.d il y me re to ce:cv n eil Y d ,:b: ain ur o a b t l. 'the;:iiirti. 7. it front admitting that Prince into the cil heea that would turn the resources of Ireland to their schools. Of the 2,700 schools (or thereabouts) in favour of even weaker reasons than public instruction rea an "P Sw u e r r ur Fa a th t:im ‘'.°l pl mPe e Pa cie y . Lr 'l l ' e ll d osa i n ro i r fo -Isete rtirt-gth te ne rS iron ba j l et e bL filor n e unlesspresented by the Turkish Ambassador. The W Y ; rem jf-Inwes.sLa-sitialfa7D"r11171;.0;;;;;-. :The dui° proper account must draw upon the heads rather which it exercises visitorial power, nearly 1,700 have and public health. that hews& not to sat solely under that • than on the pockets of the shareholders . What Ire- voluntarily subjected themselves to it, and upon con- But the departmental strength of the executive ko. adminhoeti oinng enough to became membersof the councils of to take into mo , ideratieo that he had =which had been for some time ex pected land wants is the plain practical sense of Eing,lish- titian of a conjoint power of visitation. being vested must be increased before the_ central prple eatt toe_ men, and the wisdom not long since gathered by in laymen. The Church can be made to understand usefully . applied. All central action should be strictly them.on which form the sta ff of these Well "der* a nd other neighbours as iss his reso ution. t has even been h e e ; C : a s P e• e bi.. a e r e t" o h t e a d d int of new. This second attem t wog ually nnsuccess- companies. The sae y r 1 that the continuance of its exercise of the visitorial supervisional and directive. The execution and moth- the . The Bey persisted m has me lenetrated a withio f il . a place. The Minister of the Interior is a eident of the Council of State, and is e,__ announced that he leaves Paris on the 15th for Tunis, to Leuchtenbezn alone with, her children still r pee lt ial US ee S eet lA.; ti -o i S i r e; P .ns T at 3lLS z lit unk tlltO nii r snl " 7. • . . a l 2 e The English landowners, riding upon that fearful f u nction in these schools may be made dependent upon fication of all actual operations should be left valance. They now position, by. They ting the• companies uee from ir winch pledge M. 'Agee , Consul-Gemmel, is to accompany palace, whare she his been for a couple of taking those ete a po th s e chic ehere li ought to tr ues t:liken in _ is . 74. T sophism, the RICARDO theory of rent, constructed an its admitting laymen to participate in that power in to local activity. Did any member of tho New- „ .HE ..EW .HEATRE IN PAISS.-A new plan is ah m r ns° t / erta6flih t yt t"hu to ' kerrwwill° 0, 41)42nurr etieurngo t o f"ftre ar gulChi i artificial food market, upon which of course the pros- the case et these schools which it has by law an ex- castle free-nade committee ever complain . that . perity of all other classes of the community thence- elusive right to inspect These . laymen are not his energies were dulled, or his efforts rendered iinga=• t he i rs temet. y . published two numbers of its wiekl atieni..fonteed for the extension of f wn forward depended. This monopoly was tolerated as exclusively members of the Established Church. At tort' by the interference of the League council, or of ..• • re° - hoe ,present employed in tits Thatre Ventpensice for the peg. - ar Vie nna , • • . the health of the Grand Duc h ess •Mana u tchi • re is no m long as England's manufacturing superiority allowed the present moment a majority of the town councils Mr. COBDEN The ore reason. why a local ' Yon will have received the Libre Behave, and y olk ke place the. ead of the. month, ats orignal wilt perform a useful act ir s publishing a tranelatiqa y paper.. pose of drying the meson-work, so is to enable the orening noun-ed. The moisture is draws from Die insite r e ske . . . ~___ ~, . lei 77 sea 1 exterior by means of a powerful warming apparatus, wand' me. still continues of a very gloomy nature. 'I:11 the majority of the population to pay a higher price both of Edinburgh and Glasgow are dissenters. board of education, or a . local board . of health, should ot ie_ i_t_for the would be • ' which was received. at Zarskoji Selo on I r plan he wet asked tp.give proof of its efficacy to Grand - • ula I for gram th an other nations could afford. But the There are difficulnes in the way, no doubt. Peroonal be hampered by the advice and d . irectualoof the proper sales to foreign markets began after years of peace to pioues are more thffioult to overcome than even s ei es- • re'rnment board. It was thecoal interest which all of Il i itrse _.,,, t° fr° . the prince's box. This being dime, the part of the well was cea e is found to succeed,yerfectly. When the - tractor lirs2 and A could be seen that everything was s o len n l ii r u h n o c pe hein s of .h t v lt nid oreco nn v t e . ry nt o4 f th o, e a .ill a nstr p i m o u i i i; be curtailed by foreign competition. The manufac- fauna jealousies; but a great stride has obvii-lrie the he reatter at stake which kt r t e t gh ecouned of O-'• ean•eopoelac,..the.tealeveryzidweoki lan:rui ti tha. no ttuer had, besides, no monopoly of the home market, been made towards the establishment of local such as the landowner enjoyed. The question, therefore, presented itself pree Le ague in harmonicas vitality ite nett of control for the schools established within de fi ned ramification of local committees. Once suppose a 2e° . rooms u of have e e lemelisa hie s hedi are Ineaght under notice. It wen I where the various • utE w.iu:sworr a::: teetero el, a dr m l l the whole theatre will b y :dry in a week. tiostly districts, composed of members, lay and clerical, of government as much in earnest about education or as amatitm ".. maistrial options esured int:roil:Vinland. Taut or A contract was I" en . the teachers sanitory regulations as the League council about iof . the cournwill pass the ensuing motabot Zarskeio day the Duke Alexander. by pa u rt e i n e ce emperor, set out for Vienna, hi emcee r - illness of the Grand Duchess. Immediately < the military bulletin announcing the succe apparatuses are now at to English common sense, can the landowner turn his all the leading sects. A majority of • i belied dole the llllllllaketlirerg of Mulha they obtain their out% from, r ngiand, te .. itu d hare ; n al e ß w W o _ ...RS...—We road in the Conaituticlusel :-" A, Count Bebuten in the Caucann, against San , . ground to no better use than one which will ultiniately of Scotland have been accustomed to court each freo-treas, and we ebould find as little difficulty in i have ~ . , nom, who i „ render all the other possessions of the nation-her inspection as the best means of affording the public establishing and caerying on a eystem of harmonious ' mines, her factories, her shipping, her credit, her a guarantee for their respectability and sedulous central and local ection in these matters, as was found in the mote material business of die men, of - I i 7 teressintereat in the progress of free trade since • ~, ..,... NICA,TION BETWEEN lIATRE A` ID CUMMI: bated nut& n demonstraion in ha flavour ; but they have Council of obstacle hes Welts lik.el to retard the de 'si • y et so which the the nsureenes, his Majesty was.gracioualy pl D , en that offic i o, the order of Sohn George of Our latettlatelligence irom K.vonstadt of Fr block the harbour and the roadstead were . , trading inacence, the industrious training of the wane of their d e u e ty iee . come to on the propositions of m e The poet between Ktonstadt and the annum er . g u e a nb e stn eo n r l r e esgndennbnor i ru t. i t 3 h teel e ttb fP: h three o ea c its. ii }; rozat tli t e 3 sozg r n . er . n arguing Orem external op- Marviebeeter. been led away by interested persons, and she &clam- I company effeeng to t 4 il k li tio h A pC,: t ilhaueen t which is *beet to be published,, . is 1 Havre m e up st i ol: to i ew th :foe har k. e . .. . , 'people, utterly valueless ? The progress of improve-itherto we ha • 11 il meat in manufacturing leads to abundance and cheap- nesa. The growth of the landlord's rent was shown retial parties corroborate es merely, but expressions of opinion by in- ______ _ by M RICARDO (or rather by his followers) to die- views expreseed on . the anbect of oatoral eatration only at a late hoar yceterday afternoon, we find that ha Our inferences: The By the ParialeaPers of FatordoOi which reached us a masterpiece of egotism and folly. On the other I ports, sub as Bordeaux, where the accession of i m so r t u ncc harbour of Krommdt • and. ree team a. hate, t m e n eo n i ttu di re:;zl e, ine dee re hieed hatits tha of t Meow ed 1 meeieowit, is viewed with Ear n froin t :t e ns 2as emu . s 1564 Weide& I t tk is ls vinoooftioga t ana h7wet t e h r e ,tL e L a ia f goeil deal pend upon scarcity and consequeat de em of food. in the North Britash Remew, which is not indeed th e same mystery continues to hang round the protest . Whet:ions ; must be abolshed end that the - Pro - I ministry must expect a erong resistance being: roecem t a n _ diorites of - southern provinces, • York would ocmfer on it, it ought to be able No other resu l t cou ld b e a tt a i ne d by a co nsistent ad- exactly an organ of the Free Church , lal l! ccm - of M. Clist b t. agains t the ememy spoliation affair- • are sera ~ • - dada the four 45. hone pewee Meamen destined ta".ei for Y tte in se i g. tY herence to the system, first openly advocated hi Par- ducted by some of its most able members, indicates Notwithstanding the unmeastred diatribe. which . ,_ winch not only produces champagne, but mum to in d us try an d comov e, vantages, which, certainly the correspondence with New In, after our cold autumn ; the roadsteads a liament by Lord Ritmo (when Chancellor of the Ex- willi . rign . ess to acquiesce in such an arrangement. appeared almost daily ih the vellums of the minista- Onis neMenstration from _a nob • and popalous chequer), than that, ultimately, all the earnings of The water of the letter which appeared in last Tues- nal e retals, against the audacious proceeding of the 'My, be a warm adherent of the no ern courts and the bustle which attended the has also large woollen manufactories, has made one. Every one n u : re that works of this nature do s a t Many vessels wrich wanted to anchor in vi ia npo s l e , t :Ur eg th ee e Don , a! at letastoeen,eaxt.is covered svertelikes ) 1 ' the tradirig and manufacturing population must go day's paper, t i a rm r an whehe eeatempiatee the geiegt and the I . part i san , a the re.. set tsvherl rapidly, Berdeent will have time enough to were compelled to sail to the newly founded to obtain a joint protestation profound sensation. The to pay fot' gmin. Then, indeed, would have come .precent paroc t ihitire „stem are in _P _ . . . um corn-ru n. donee infer° the dock for the trans- Bercijunsk. By an imperial ukase issued I 1 la WOO BC 00 ,MU to pass what had been spoken by the prophet o f admission . of disee eY nte ' to . hial his t with England, it seems likely after all that the consternation, snot the atlantic pockets n uhed at Rime. Besides. Bordeaux is September, an an of last year, for ' con t e mplate s uch a change in their test of the Tnikoies has dwindled intoa very wretrl adhesion of Rheims will give great weight to the ery w, atra r _UtOd in consklalnitig as well as Marseilles, o f t h e d e l ay of the duties o n ships a nd goods from fereig 1 I would have risen exactly in proportion to the increase of n Stansole; whi c h has already given oo the d man d ove r the s upply of food. Beautifully sape:l e t el aeoce and °entre' as will ensure fair - Play amt. P.ltifol affair -- one which it is evident the minis- for reform hoe already i v ia bea yee r:tl T in his Pitrie, im. 1 sere ' l l c l ee w7„ tia lg the row of 1840 relative to the t r a n s a tlantic not be a ppli c able to those co ming under Pre I ' dissenting teacher. Lastly, Mr. GORDON, the tenni journals are ashamed to pat forth. courageous steps first taken by M. Leon Faucher, Me will of Mr. William • the porta in the Channel and the Atlantic. comprehensiblee as this logic was, it found, strangely toreltoefmtumy spelt li i tigatio li n, he left to each of two daughters a t° Pne nn but ordered R OI . the present deputy of Rheins. but the merit of the ' e i. .. enoug h, ft a dvocates be Dud logicians oex professo" Government Irpeetor of Schobh kir goOthindi all The Cabinet of Turin has just given another mark P ort manifestation is ins great degree d ue t o the. I eeeluaed at Paris, which grunts mutual at in England, and some who came to their a seistance whose princip es and sentiments ins , hino to the of its liberal tendencies and its sympathy with the ridges e ran d Russia. II i Irt • to f P• I ta are po in oust ms X. The Envoy from Turin, - from Scotland, and, we reret to say, from Deland cause of the Estab ent, adv f the Council Educe- out B lia, had • sliced himself it Rome by hi s act is no less attributable to the manufacturers of ------------' also. The people never believed this grace fallacy. the volumes of the m i nutes o . . of . . 1 f A • an d all • - - Rheime who . • • ' They were not able to combat it with reasoning, but don above referred to, the adthtsonof some lay natters ovotion to tho views o mans, . owed himself T he i r naAS TiArC eitherl'O OLE :::Bulyd is y e t Ipu hu t h e d . h ere 4 the new ewer an . d directed the struggle. not to receive her legacy, and it was to go to her sister. Miss CHANNEL ISLANDS-The Jersey C, 'at w i ll b e ' (lid with English instinet--eommon sense. o the members of Pre . sbytery who are at present, to become an instrument of the Austrian, Neapolitan, deserved ell iii and amongst those who El eon stagG°le' wishin g to contract a marriage with . M. " Government is about to construct a Cl they so The mannTatturer, as soon as he found the fine-spun b y its deed of fon , ndatton the exclusive =onagers and Gregorian league, whose object is to obstruct the have well of their country and of the whole ued f , an ne o n jer tn of inflate r r in garrison at Strasbourg, ap Catherine's Bay. Two engineers are ale ) D ollar Academy. legislation of the corn-growers seriously inconvenience of the . beneficent measures of the Pope. King Carlo Alberto human , race. M . James Staepoole for his consent taking measures for the c onstruction of thi V. I .rriting re lest oo y uld receive no answer. 'She, therefore in • • tea il him, said, in his grumbling fashion, "My smoke We throw out these suggestions under a deep con- has not only recalled Count Broglie, but, as a mark of re- for the fortlfications that will be erec solved to summon him before ths Civil Tribuual, in Order may expect to see 1,500 convicts arrive it • and steam-hammers do not stop your farming, why viction that the beet mode of promoting national . ode- hie displeasure, allowed him the smallest retiring CONSTA.NTINOPLE, Nov. 27. that be might be compelled to give his consent, or that the island to assist in the work. It is added do you drive your plough, into my mill? Can't you cation, is fur the central minister, or council of educe- i pension ever given to ministers. The King has all Letters from Mossoul state that Bedherhan Bey is ° c o:g e r:tie n t order th e clause in the will to be set aside. M. of the island will shortly he reinforee , d, a turn I iar horses without trampling on my jennies ? „ lion to catgut a wide sphere of action to local I the liberal dispositions manifeeted by the Pope, bat, continuing his ravages. A tribe of pastoral Dleatee was heard on at i P l e l are y as w a h n en int a e llY:r e h ing • party. The cause posed of the 71st regiment of !Jot end ',lit oaring counsel for the hlghlentlen i N., dl When the farmer would not listen to this doctrine of nsitse and thine, he went to the landlord and asked him whether he could not do better with the land I than use it to annoy him. The answe r, as we know, was given much in the same old-fashioned hearty , style: " I don't know, but 11l try," was the reply of the sensible amongst the English landlords. Under this feeling the corn laws were abolished. Strange as it may seem, Ireland, without hav ing much puzzled itself with the theories of eco nomists, has, in its own way, tried the same ex periment. The high prices of food, combined with the singular powers of abstinence for which the Irish peasant has ever been famed, have ultimately caused all the labour of the country to merge into agricul ture. Consequently, the history of Irish industry has been from trade with France, with England, with Germany, from ship-building, from linen, silken, and woollen manufactures, to a gradual extinction of nearly all these sources of wealth, Atthe same time, the food of the people has retrograded from grain to potatoes. Now, to regain the position that they have lost, to recover what they have retrograded, it is not to agri culture the Irish should look; nor to increased agri cultural production, for exportation and rent. In stead of half a million a month spent upon roads and drainage, let the millions be poured into those enterprises which Sir ROBERT KANE has so mi nutely and prophetically pointed out. And let the rising generation of Irish have some other alternative than turning con-acre with his spade. A poor-law will not guide upper or lower classes to this; nor can squireens and country gentle men conduct such a social reformation. But they should willingly endure taxation for such purposes; for these, if carried out, would add ten times more value and power of production to their land than all the drainage that the wildest county juries could present. TIIE letter relating to the parochial schoolmasters of Scotland which we published on Tuesday last, has elicited some controversial remarks from another Scotch conespondent whose communication appears in to-day's paper. We suspect that the substi tution of the word " district," or "local," for " paro chial" schools or teachers, would remove much of the apparent difference of opinion between our corres pondents. When the parochial school system of Scotland was first devised, the Established Church was the church of the whole people to an extent that it is not now, and never can be again. No system of education could, in the then state of public opinion in Scotland, have been established, the control of which was not vested in the local church courts. The breaking up of the Presbyterian body into the various commu nions of the Secession, Relief and Free Church (not to mention less numerous sects); the increased numbers and political power of the Roman Catholic and Epis• copalian bodies; and, more important still, the growth of a party which would emancipate secular instruc tion from clerical control, renders it impossible (even if it could be desirable) to keep the schools of Scot land under the exclusive control of the Established Church courts. The old system of parochial schools in Scotland belongs to the past. But it does not, therefore, follow that the whole existing machinery of local schools and local surveillance must be swept away, and an entirely new system substituted in their place. In 1834, we are reminded by our correspondent whose strictures we this day publish, there were in Scotland 1,047 parochial, and 3,995 non-parochial schools. But, on referring to a Report by the In spector of Schools in Scotland (which appears in the second volume of the Minutes of the Committee of Education for 1845, recently published), on the state of education in four principal midland counties of Scotland, we find some information that materially modifies the conclusions to which this statement would seem to lead. Of 166 schools " usually visited by the Presbytery of the bounds," to which this report relates, only 64 were parochial schools, properly so called ; 63 were schools endowed by pri vate gift; and 39 were unaided adventures of the teachers. Mr. GORDON (the Inspector of Schools for Scotland) remarks that the four counties may be con sidered to represent pretty fairly the general condition in respect of education and the means of education of the other lowland counties of Scotland. It would appear from this that for every 64 parochial schoois there are 102 non-parochial schools which have volun tarily and permanently placed themselves under the same surveillance and control as the parochial schools. We must, therefore, in order to ascertain the compara tive number of schools in Scotland which are pre pared to submit to such superintendence, add a pro portionate number to the 1,047 parochial, and deduct it from the 3,995 non-parochial schools. This will give us 2,715, which have been accustomed to be regularly inspected by the local church courts, and 1,327 which have rejected such interference. Turning to the educational returns for Scotland, published by order of the House of Commons, in 1841, we find among the non-parochial schools, which are periodically inspected by members of the Church Courts " of the bounds," such institutions as the seminaries at Dundee, the Perth Academy, the academies of Ayr, Irvine, and Annan, the schools of Dumfries, and others of the first - class establishments for general education. It is not merely the poorer class of parochial schools, it is fhe borough schools as well—the intermediate seminaries between mere elementary . schools and universities, that have recog nised the visitorial powers of the Church Courts. There is another circumstance connected with this recognition of the visitorial powers of the local Church Courts on the part of the higher seminaries which is not without its importance. In the periodical examina tions of these institutions, the clergy have bees accus tomed to find themselves associated with the magis trates of the burghs, or the founders and patrons of the academies. Local civil authorities have established by prescription, in regard to these institutions, a co-ordi.- nate power of superintendence with the local eccle siastical authorities. Here, then, an opening appears already to have been made for a natural extension of the old national system of local school support and superintendence, to an adaptation of its most valuable features to the altered balance of powers in modern ia, .1846 rians, called the Khozani, who had hitherto escaped the savage fury of the Kurdish chief, have been his last victims. Bedherhan Bey demanded 25,000 sheep of the dunga, or head shepherd of the Khozani. The dunga, in the hope of inducing him to moderate his demand, repaired to the Kurdish camp, and offered half the number. Bederhan Bey, so far from accept ing the proposition, had the dunga seized and flung down a precipice ; then, with the bleeding and mangled body borne before him, he marched into the territory of the Khozani. In a few days the whole country was laid waste with fire and sword. Sixty-seven villages were pillaged and then burnt. At place ld called Is" habour he murder ed 800 pTI. ersons is n blood. e most horrible cruelties were every where perpe trat.-d by these monsters, IV.ar Johannah, the second patrio - ch, was impaled alive. Several Nestorituis, icularly the priests, had oil poured over their ies, and were then roasted bei - ore a slow fire, I midst the jeers and wevAge yells of their , `ermellte rs • tai h a ve been the The unfortunate people of Khoz. victims of every horro r that men, hen abandon anding themselves to the frenzy of the fl. 'met the r no r sex age foulest passions, can perpetrate. Neith, and - was spared of those who supp licated for mercy, those who stood on their defence, the t. same. The fertile disttict, where forme 1 9 ra, zed ite was the the numerous flocks of the Khozani, is no a aeg. late waste. Their villages are now smelt udetmi ruins ; and where there was once a harmle. '9, an d active population, there is now the silence of , l • eatm Bedherhan Bey, whose hands are red with a sand murders, after having completed his worl of desolation, is gone with his savage horde eksewhi. re. The Kurdish chief took with him 40,000 sheep, b longing to the Khozani, as part of the provision fo. " his troops during the winter. 111-feeling seems to be daily growing stronger be tween the Porte and the Persian Government. The tenor of the notes sent a few days since to the British and Russian representatives by the Turkish ministry ote the subject of the conferences of Erzeroum, shows a most hostile feeling towards Persia. These notes attribute to the quibbling character of the Persian government the rejection of the treaty which had lately been drawn up for the settlement of the frontier question. It was on the basis flirnished by the Persian government that this treaty was drawn up at the Porte, but it has been rejected by the Persian Plenipotentiary, because by an unaccountable error Mohamarah had been called an island. Tho Porte seems to blame the representatives of the me diating powers for not preventing the unjust delays which Persia opposes to the settlement of this inter minable question. Every concession, consistent with its dignity, was made by the Turkish government. Commissioners were sent from Constantinople to Bagdad, where it was agreed that they should meet the commissioners of the Shah, and a joint survey be made of the ground in dispute. During three years the Turkish commissioners waited at the place ap- , pointed, but those from Persia never came. " Out of compliment," says the note above mentioned, " to the mediating powers, the Porte grants a further delay of three months, in which time the government of the Shah will be able to send a new commissioner to Bagdad." In consequence of the report made by Major Rawlinson, the British Consul at Bagdad, upon the geography of the territory in dispute, Mr. Wellesley has determined on supporting the Persian view of the matter. It is easy to understand the object of Russia in keeping this question open, but it is scarcely a wise policy on the part of England to permit a rupture be tween Persia and Turkey, because it is doubted whether Mohamarah be the name of an island or not. As if bent on trying the patience of the Turkish government to the last extremity, Persia has just sent in a claim to the l'orte for 6,000,000 of piastres, which were advanced by the Shah to Ressoul Pasha of Revandouz ! Here is an open avowal on the part of the Shah of having furnished money to the rebel Psalm of Revandouz, and the Porte is now peremptorily called upon by the Persian governmentto discharge this debt. You will remember that Ressoul Pasha, after his de feat, took refuge in the Persian territory, where he still remains. The refusal of the cabinet of Teheran to give him up to the Turkish authorities, was also the cause of a good d.s.l of altercation between the two governments. It is not to be supposed that the Porte will submit quietly to a succession of vexations of this nature. Notwithstanding the frightful state of disorder which exists along the whole of the fron tier, from Tchurouksu, in Georgia, to the Persian , Gulf, the Shah would still find Turkey a most for midable enemy. It would be easy to turn that spirit of insubordination which displays itself in massacre and pillage into the channel of legitimate war ; and the chiefs who are now in arms against the Porte would possibly become its most useful allies. A dreadful fire lately broke out in Salonica, which consumed nearly the entire of the quarter inhabited by the Jews. Ten thousand of these poor people are said to be now without food and shelter. A subscrip tion has been set on foot, and a considerable sum has been already collected for the relief of the sufferers. FRANCE.—THE BEY OF TUNIS.—The presence of the Bey of Tunis at Paris, says La l'rease, seems to have seri ously eocupied the attention of Lord Palmerston,notwithstand ing that his time was so inn eh taken up with the Duke of Mont peusier's marriage and the locorporation of Cracow. England is very sensible on any subject relative to the Mediterranean, and the Bey of Tunis, a neighbour of England and an ally of France, would have been seen with great pleasure at the Court of Queen Victoria, where an attempt would have been made to tear him away from the exclusive patronage of France. But an obstacle presented itself. The Bey had scarcely set his foot on French ground when he was treated as al sovereign prince, and England, who does not acknow ledge him as such, and regards him as a vassal of the Porte, would not receive him at Court, unless presented by the Turkish ambassador. Lord Normanby was, therefore, directed to negotiate this weighty matter with M. Raffo minister of the Bey, awl he is said to have intimated to that persoaage that it was in his makter's interest not to be too difficult as regarded Great Britain, that as yet the Bey had been equally well inclined towards all nations, but that he seemed now on the point of departing from that line of policy, by throwing himself entirely into the area of France, which would be clearly proved if he declined pre welling to England on the conditions proposed.. The Bey not being oonvineed by all that reasoning that ha ought to renounce his prerogatives as a sovereign prince, intimated to I Lord Nortaanby, through his minister, M. Rage, that he refused to comply. Lord Palmerston did not relinquish the cause as. lost, and sent a despatch to be read to M. Raffo, stating that if the Bey proceeded to London. he would be most cerdially received, but that the British Cabinet had duties to attend to, and certain obligations which prevented it from admitting that Prince into the Queen's presence unlesitypreseneed by the Turkish Ambassador. The Bey was to take into eawideration that he had other neighbours as well as Algona, and that he was not to eel solely under that point of new. This second attempt vracequally nnsuccesa fuL The Bey persisted belie resolution. It has even been announced that he leaves Paris on the 15th for Tunis, to witch plate M. Legacy,. Consul-Genarel, is to accompany Lim. TILE NEW THEATRE IN PAltilti—A new plan is nit present employed in the TheAtre pntpensior for the pur pose of drying the mason-work, so as to enable the opening to take Otos at the• end of tha. month, ea orignally so , nounzed. The moisture is draws front the inwle to the exterior by means of a powerful warming apparatus, which is found to succeed, perfectly. 'When the eentractor firshpro posed his plan he vrai asked tv.give proof of its efficacy in the prince's box. This being ilone, the part of the well was demolished, and A could be seen that everything was per fectly dry through and through. A contract was then catered into with him. Unit or five apparatuses are now it work, and the whole theatre 'will be dry in a week„ ------ --__ plaintiff and defendant , the co urt declar ed itaelfineoropete. to interfere, the parties being both English. We extesaili; following front the decision of the Tribunal, as "'. by the president.—" If the French tribunals pa t ik. cognisance, as between foreigners, of certain urge nt - r and . provisional affairs, yet as this is only i ful, which they are at liberty to use or not, and as in ti i ; present cause the plaintiff and the defendant are b ath English, and the question is besides the appreciation a f n will governed by the laws of England, it is not a aye w hich the tribunal can enter upon the affair. Th at -;, Csillet, who has come forward with the plaintiff, with aa , having any quality to authorise his doing so, cannot plead 4 his favour Article 14 of the civil code, inasmuch as he is Im ' able to show that any convention existed between him as i the defendant, the tribunal declares itself incompetent, nn condemns the plaintiff and Caillet to pay the costs." DISCOVERY OF ROMAN POTTERY.—A few day, ago, were discovered at Audeuge, in the Gironde, screen Roman yeses, in a broken state, and the bust of a statue a l white marble of exquisite workmanship, and some pan s of which are in a good state of preservation. THE REPUBLIC OF ANDORRE.—In a deep ~,, retired valley of the Pyrenees exists the small independent state of Andorre, under the joint protection of Prince la d Spain. It has laws by prescription, which are administer e d by two judges, one French, the other Spanish. This littl e Republic comprises fifty-four villages, with a pnp u l at i oa „ I about 12,000 inhabitants, living nn the produce of the flock, and herds, their chief wealth. When Napoleon crosseg, Pyrenees, on his way into Spain , he stopped at An the capital, and promised to contet on the It-public a written code code of laws. But this promise concurrent political met, prevented him from performing. Tae inhabitants hay s , length framed a code for themselves, and it was pyme , gated last month at the chief town. It is of the g reat , simplicity, comprising all its enactment., civil and criminal in 100 articles only. Murder is a crime extremely ese , n this little state, and, when sentence of death is pronounced it cannot be executed until it is confirmed by a general a . . sembly of representatives of the villages convoked at a n . dorre. The moth of execution is consistent with the anus of the people. At a short distance from the road into es t , lonia is a tremen.lous precipice, the bottom of which a l i „, of man can discover. The criminal, with his eyes betted, led to the edge, and , in the p resence of all who wil t I i t ttend, is thrown over by the executioner. TILE STRIKE AT LYONS.—The C'ourrier of Lyma oft he 9th, stabs that, with the exception of • very it , „„, ber, the silk-dyers of that place have not retarget : , n- although they already see that they have ern work, . •. • fooliA ly in striur g. The y cannot, they say, give way, b m , ray their engagement, and being under the ten s i Its made against such persons as should relate tbhoeunthdre :,.thTe hgrnipesiefthisi mtaho: wi t itt ZANY.—The German journals muting[ tugsburg Gazette of the 6th inst. makes leg give long e rtieles on the incorporation of Cracow. tide* t i t l e, 4, An , other word on Cracow, in a German pied view," the ... lowing rem,* ka : "If we enter into the polemic , m*Piis nationality i n such manner as has been practised for the i e sixteen years, 1 os of every ether, to effect a social eta y y ocau P u o n i g es Fw for ril the a: kg y i d t is evident enough that the 'violent Inge e , of partici , ii et , rely . the least efficient advocate forPlei. The greatest age tis the revolution which makes lade cause of Poland, . according to its o• ".0 ideas . Such a polemic bas Mae* foundation—names majority, though led by see dependence of th rat country, and the emu* i practicably impossie de, desire of seeing that indepe, 1, young Italy, and the pa l ence re-established. every country, w'ao feel sympathy for the nun l Poland ; but rho . aspirations and prond pea only seek to wage Ira acct what they call the sawn nnuated order of things. Ti n : explain the existing aye Germany, young . Englans Church, with set ant Poles. A. This is the only pointafe,, in which the whale MOM vent mast be. regarded. 1%, party, therefore,cannot admi 't the historical fact, that ate the partition of Poland toes : place it was a dead ke neither can it admit, with t he authors of the Hilton.: Poland, before and after John t l abiebki , and with a hula others, that the Pales were en naiderable gainers by ne s c orporation of Poland with three great rata; le can they avow, whet in their , 'leacta they arc well eve of, the impossibility of the re-gists blishraent of Poked No independent state. All the an ertions of this petty. founded on untruth. But it 01. Add not be ethane. I Could they speak the truth ? Can we, Germans, dearth the partition of Poland was to our ad vantage. Was l i cra truly what it was stated to be, the bulwark of Gennr towards the east? Or amid it bravos ' , swell ? In sera. strength it was not wanting, but its ins titutions premed: from being anything else than a brio*. 1 into the very her, of Germany. is it not a fact that loni . before in partite Poland was under the influence of Russ 'a, that it reeene its king from a Russian hand, and that t. le voice of feat I was heard the loudest in the court, it the senate, sal I in the assemblies ? Of the two evils, the p. 'llitinn of Poked : or its entire absorption by Russia, the form, •ree amity* lesser. Frederielnll. was right when he sa i'd "that tali share be should have a corner stone of Gem .1 1 1." Wrall Rtraia have been a loser by incorporating in bee antis 100,000 men, which, in a was against Prow is Of Anon might have marched against thera, sr, iii e it pre sent they may be turned, against liaisiii •' A feet equally well known, is the sympathy of th a *Wen represratatives of ancient Polemd for Tome Fr. Ent 5 - Bed have proclaimed it so often, that we could not bra ha *bean it. The Poles who left their country entered* di ore saps into the service of the movement en France,. and wo Imola its cause with indefatigable zeal. This is why del 'mi. • ead noble peers make themselves the organs of tee m oat %Vint and unfounded accusations against Germany.. If the raid emigrants attained the end they any they have in view, the re-establishment of Poland, Germany would be plated Be tween a cross-Hue. This may be a tlatterirg hotel* in revolutionary party, which counts numerous. part* , .a- Germany, but truly not for the true German, who lons tra country. if we read the publications of the Polak organs, reprinted evenin Germany, we find.them full of that God be' praised harmless, but manifest hostility ; we findtherria the. Berlin and Vienna have no future prospeeta "bee* Germany as far as Bremen and the Italian needier nee fall to Poland" as soon so it begins its new ante Is this lane meant to lead. us in the dark a is one true inter guag ests ? In a German point of view. we cannot regar i as an evil that the Polish provinces Me become Ger d man t , and not through Germany's teult: Ind that the revolutionary party, France in parnculer Wass yet succeeded. is erecting. a hostile power on oar mem quarter. Tine* why we have reason to rejoice- at the in corporation of Cracow. We rather prefer another Gerann draw-bridge and another cornerstone on the Wanda, the a swarm of pernicious revolutionists, backed by French in fluence, in our rear. VIENNA,. DEC. 3.—According to the Yurembag Courier, Dembinski, the leader of the insurgents in the G a li c i a n insurrection, has just been wrested at Lilly. th e the massacre of the Galician nobles et Lissa•Gure. he lied *- Hungary and found a refuge with a Hungarian noble**. He was endeavouring to reach some foreign had rams" ..sine arrested. Russia and Prussia' have each a ppointed Oro at Cracow,but none of dee German pewees have foliewelthea r examples,notwithetanding the wishes expressed by Auitru Their declining to do *wiz regardel.by a German rural* a tacit paotest against the incorporation. . The P)7ussian Gamotte of this 4th stateathe esok, in Berlin supposes that a war in. EU!' JpC w2l Elise o , ,, t_T, 1 the Cracow affair. ' England,' says this joints', ,"'",... , not be so weak as to allow hurself to be againdelet. i r 1 France.'" Curiously enough, whilst an Enghth 1 0 °"*" , pretends that the Wag of the Feench has demanded a eel !, j gross on. the affair of the marriage , the Berlin. oarn 4- of a congress as probable for the termiaation of tneCrico affair by means of a convention, which want* all *to . : meat and adds, i's If the Cabinet of the Tuileries tebrr:. join,. it may retests to the iselation in whi ch it has stid.'. found itself." GRAND DUCHY OF BADE[.—The change of w i . t try, which had been for sense time expected in Balm y ; takes. place. 'Else Minister of the Interior es tyPoin tt ,. eident of the Council of State, and is replae.ed by If. RUSSIA.,—ST. PET3ILSBURO, Nov. 24.--The Igt ; period court still remains-le Zarskoji Selo. The Duels"._ Leuchtenbrag alone with, her children still remains tr.„7. palace, whore she has been for a couple of WAS. a" eonaort, the.duke, will not return from Munich till __., of next munth. Two aouriers go regularly twice s7 l between this town and Vienna, to bring the intelligalt the health of the Grand Duch** Maria Miehaelowass..,n still continues of a very gloomy nature. The lad forci, which vas receiveft, at Zarskop Selo on Friday, Oft, slendenhopes of the recovery of the illastrious lade- a . GrandiDucheas sheiald not survi v e, it is proba4 th at ". eourt,will pass the ensuing months* Zarakeji Selo. On 5 . 54 i day tee Grand Duke Alexander, by particular &sir emgerer, set out, for Vienna, in consequence of the 0774 illness of the Greed Duchess. Immediately on * the military bulletin announcing the successes okLientf,,a Count Bebuton in the Caucasus,, against Schnsyl• the erd e the insurgent*, his Majesty was.gracimuly pleeendr2;.. / ho %atm on that office,' the order of Saint George of . ~,, Our latestintelligence from K.vonstadt of Friday, rest" the harbour and the roadstead were blocked up r. The post between Kranstadt and the capital hit rupted low three days. From the commencement of tbal to the Idath of the carrent menth,ls6o shies raid arrival harboar of Kronavdt; anat. - AL hadsaile,l. Ilerethe .....„. is still mild and dry ; the Neva is free `Joan lee. r. gm- Vine. of Ladombowever, there is a gooddeal of ice.. In districts of one southern Provinc es ' es P‘ cial4 ii -L Marinpol, Roston on the Don, an early severe neate r r in, after our cold autumn ; the roadsteads at Tagki,i, rinpol, and the Don, at Roston, is covered with i i. 7,=, - ; in fact, began to congeal as early EiS the cod f.u . .,,, Many yawls wit ich wanted to anchor in these i liii were compelled to sail to the newly founded nninuf . t i Bereljunek. By an imperial ukase issued in the . _ . . iiit September, an ordonnance of last year , fur an avd10517.1;.11 of the duties on ships and goods from foreign countn:, Ls; not be applicable to those ooming under French col ja i l the porta in the Channel and the Atlantic. Nothing Mir is yet published hero of the new commercial treeittn, concluded at Faris, which rants m utual and very " vileges to Prance and Russia. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMW functionaries; and to aim less at a tbeoretinally perfivt system of national education than at the best that the existing state of public opinion renders attainable. In their instructions to the government inspectors of schools, the Lords of the Council declare that one object of inspection is " the encouragement of local efforts for the improve ment and extension of elementary education." Having wisely resolved to awaken local enthusiasm by ex tending confidence to local functionaries, they must make up their minds to allow their instruments to work to a considerable extent in their own way. THE Spectator presses its charge of "cant" upon the times, and discovers theparalysing effects of words when substituting themselves for deeds, in sanitory measures. We do not deny the existence of a moni tory cant. There is a sanitory cause, and every cause has its cant and canters. But the reality of the thing is a greater fact, and one more worthy of notice than the cant about it. It is true our ancestors did not "cant" about sewerage and drainage, the connexion of moral and physical degradation, and annual slaughters from preventible causes great as Water loo. But neither did they care for any of these things. We see more ground for hope than despair, more evidence of the power of truth than of cant, in the efforts of the Health of Towns Association. In so far as it may be referred to influences of the day, visible in other directions, and different but kindred activities, the real efficiency and disinterestedness of its members are infinitely more remarkable than the hollowness of its political supporters, or the extrava gance of its literary condottieri. The Spectator reviews the history of the subject gloomily enough ; but too truly in the main. We are still talking about the matter in which we should be doing. But land is in sight. Government are pledged to action ; and we have to thank out-of-doors' activity, benevolence, and knowledge, for it. Perhaps even the canters have helped instead of hinder ing. They at least bring the subject forward to public attention. They are forced to learn the facts of this case, if only to fill their begging-box. Ignorance more than hard-heartedness is at the bottom of English apathy. But it is an ignorance which lies cheek-by-yowl in a well-contented sleep by the side of self-interest. Not till ignorance has changed places with knowledge, shall we know how strong self-interest really is. At . present the fight is in the future. With the session will come the real tug of war. But the reason of the thing is plain at least. When ministers brave the petty but multitudinous assaults of private selfistmess, which, like mosquito-bites, singly contemptible, are in their collective effect annoying and even danger ous in certain states of the body politic, we may surely infer that the dullest reasons, of all who pre tend to exercise the faculty, are reached. A minister is often a foolometer. Like ERSKINE, he watches the most stolid of the jury. When his mind is made up, government announces its intention to act. The enactment of a great sanitory measure will be as much due to the Health of Towns Association, Dr. Sournwoop SMITH and Mr. EDWIN CHADWICK, as corn-lawrepeal to the League, COBDEN and BRIGHT. Except the greater rationality consequent on the ab sence of some popular themes for the demagogue or lecturer, the former cause has been as completely en forced by agitation as the latter. In both the intelli gence of the country has charged itself with the instruction and controlling of the Executive. Both agitations, in their distinctions not less than their resemblances, are full of instruction. The League was one of the most perfect examples of centralisation ever brought to work in a popular cause. The Health of Towns Association is only weaker, as it has less wealth of ad captanda on topics to distribute. It appeals to men's regard for their own and others health, a sorry stimulant compared with the pro spect of lower prices and fuller bellies which the League lecturer was enabled to evoke. But in both cases we have a central body doing, what is, in effect, the work of government, gathering and condensing the materials of sound legisla tion. The dealing of the Health of Towns Asso ciation with Lord LINCOLN'S Bill is an anomaly in a well-governed country. It is the governed setting right the governor. The case is very different from that of a department accepting instruction and infor mation to guide in framing a legislative enactment. Here the bill was completed on the information already collected and furnished mainly by the members of the association. It was only due to circumstances that it did not become law last session. But there it stands—not the less a sample of our laws that it has not received the final sanction. The association proceed to examine the measure, the first fruits of their toils, with accurate and honest criticism. They find it full of defects, negative and positive; a measure, good in intention and in part of its details, but involving errors and ignorance enough to vitiate even what is good in it. The association draw up a report on the bill, pointing out its defects and suggesting remedies, which will no doubt be of material :service to the present government in their contemplated measure. But for the association and an accident, we might have been visited with another utterly imperfect measure on an all-important subject. The conscience of the executive would have satisfied itself without a real discharge of its duty. The swarm of private interests would have been frightened and fought with, without effectual good resulting from the struggle, which is required to justify such a declara tion of war. Old evils would have perpetuated them selves, and new ones been called into existence by an enactment professing to cut out the one and prevent the other. Analogous effects of hasty legislation are of common occurrence in reference to other subjects. There is only one way to prevent them. Incorporate the heads and hearts of your leagues and your associations with the government. Let your COBDENS and your SMITHS lend their energies as members of a department, in stead of leaders of an organised association. In a country situated as this is, government must work with the ut.- telligence of the community, or not at aIL There is no loophole for corruption in England, like the narrow French electoral franchise ; there is no shelter here, such as the gagging laws there, open to ministerial jobbery. With a free press, and a reading public larger than the electoral body, the possibility of go vernmental thraldom of opinion, or abuse of influence, is so remote, that it may safely be disregarded, ih favour of even weaker reasons than public instruction and public health. But the departmental strength of the executive must be increased before the central principle can be usefully applied. All central action should be strictly supervisional and directive. The execution and modi fication of all actual operations should be left to local activity. Did any member of the New castle free-trade committee ever complain. that his energies were dulled, or his efforts rendered ntiga= tory by the interference of this League council, or of Mr. COBDEN ? There is no more reason. why a local board of education, or a local board of Wealth, should be hampered by the advice and directiosof the proper government board. It was the vital interest which all felt in the matter at stab which kept the _council of the Leap* in harmonious vitality thrmo its vast ramification of local committees. Once suppose a government as much in earnest about education or sanitory regulations at the League council about t, free-tradle, and we should find as little difficulty in 1 establishing and carrying on a gateau of harmonious central; and local action in these matters, as was i found in the mote material business of the men, of Manaheater. and his measures obstructed by the An i 4-jesitic al his intentiips are m o t e ok : lees defeated, as well as by the marked oppo. s ition of the m elikeatni cabinet c h e ut o f the Tuileries i r s , to every measure which has for its object Italian reform. Especially, says Le Sierle, since the coolness en 'easlesse d b e t w een England and Fra nce b y the Spanish mania, tes, the Piedmentesc liberals complain fortbiterly of the change its,. l l• Guisot, and of his servile zeal Austrian interests. ",s_' have it from good authority that this zeal has lately met wit h sa indiscreet and violent an interpreter in the person of & nir ambassador at Turin, that a shameful scene took play t h e re, and a challenge was the coaster ence. This ministry of ours has no w got so entangled in the results math of its errors, so blinded, so deadened to all sense of shame, that it everywhere makes war on the best friends of France. D e prived, by our desertio n, of a strong and; open support in his influence on the destinies of Italy, the government of Carlo Alberto, like i nters h of Pius IX., has at lea 4 the wisdom to o:cupy itself with iaLimprosements. We are as sured that, among other reforms, it has decided to re establish the publicity of judicial proceedings. Such mea sures, by extending his moral influence ` reformovr the pl of Italy, by secomling and encouraging the sof the S over eign Pontiff, will conc iliate the sympathies of France far the Piedmontese government. A moral alliance will be contracted with France in spite of her ministers, who are now more retrograde than those ros of Berlin, Roe, eople or Turin. B a d ministers will, however , p away, but them pwill remain, and the alliance of liberal France will be one day more useful than that of a cabinet or a system. It was reported on the•Bourse on Friday, that on the occasion of delivering up the French prisoners, for whom a ransom of 30,001) francs had been paid, a letter was delivered to the olficer charged to receive the prisoners, addressed directly to Louis-Philippe by Abd-el-Kader, in which overtures for peace were made. It is known that the Emir has long wished to openw negotiation with France, considering that itwould ld ne raise him in the consideration of the Arabs, and afford him some temporary repose, of which he stands in need. A letter from Frankfort stated that Prince Metter nich died at Vienna on the 3rd instant. Despatches, however, of that date, received at the Austrian em bassy in Paris, contain no such intelligence. A Frankfort paper of the 6th says that the Prince had been very ill, but was getting better. The Bcy of Tunis continues to visit, with his suite, the public establishment. , of Paris. He has succes sively inspected the Polytechnic school, Museum of Artillery, &c. Our Paris correspondent sends the following P.S. M. Guizot has officially announced to Lord Normanby that the French government has given orders for the recall of the French consul-general at the Mauritius M. De Jouy, in compliance with the demand of L ord Palmerston. M. Guizot gave a grand soiree at the Hotel Des Affaires Etrangcres, on Friday, evening , at whic h the Bey of Tunis and a ll tbe ambassadors were present. An extraordinary express has reached Paris, from Madrid, with advices to the . 7th inst. The elec tions had proceeded more favourably the Pro gressistas and Liberal party, who h ad obtained a majority in the formation of the bureaux for the four first sections. In the fifth, the ministry had a majority ; and in the sixth, the votes were thus divided—Ministerial, 116 ; Progressistas, 11l ; Puri tans, 18. It is in this college that M. Mon will have to contest with MM. Cortina and Salamanca : and it is supposed, that in case of his failure he will imme diately resign. The elections were not to have ter minated till the 12th. All doubt, however, appeared to be removed that after their conclusion there would be a change of ministry. PARIS, DEC. 12. It was reported that M. Thiers had been called several times to the Tuileries by the King. Such is not the case. M. Thiers only paid a single visit to the King since his return, and that as a mere act of politeness. A man who for a long time, and at different periods, has filled the office of minister, must of neces sity preserve relations with the reigning prince; and it would show a want of knowledge of the world were he to break off such relations, even at a time when he is discontented. M. Thiers is generally con sidered to know what is exactly proper in such m atters, and to act accordingly. Those who are acquainted with the King's habits, know very well that Louis Philippe never conspires; against his minister before the day on which a ministerial crisis is declared. When M. Guizot shall have given in his resignation; an act, by the way, which he will never perform with perfect good will ; the King will request the presence of the chiefs of the Opposition, in order to consult with them as to what combinations will be possible. But, until then, he will keep a prudent reserve. This is, I believe, what he has done with respect to M. Mole as well as M. Thiers. At the present moment, and in spite of the bad effects of M. Guizot's timid protest, Louis Philippe affects to consider him all-powerful. As for M. Guizot himself, he pre serves, before his rivals, in retaining his usual high airs. If his friends arc to be believed, all the images of discontent conjured up by the opposition press, will be dispelled with ease. M. Gmzot, who obtained, we will not say by what means, a majority in the electoral colleges, flatters himself that he can bring this majority to vote everything he pleases ; but this majority may perhaps become ashamed of its pliability; and no assembly can, for any time, resist the pressure of public opinion. The struggle for commercial liberty in France has lost none of its vivacity. The protectionist party is besieging the residences of the ministers, for the pur pose of forcing them to maintain the prohibitive system. That party makes use, or rather abuse, of all the influence given to it by the French electoral system, and presses forward claims of relationship, which exist between several ministers and the great iron-masters. A short time ago, the Northern Rail way Company being in want of 25,000 tons of rails, required in June, 1847, and being unable to obtain them in France, demanded an authorisation to import them from England, at a reduced duty of 60 francs per ton (the duty is 200 francs), but the Minister of Commerce, instead of answering directly, communi cated the letter to the committee named by the iron-masters. These gentlemen have sent, in answer, a memorial to the minister, who is but their tool ; and, not content with this, they eeek to combine and furnish the com pany with the rails they . want, charging, if they succeed, an exorbitant pnee for them, as they can only manufacture with feeeign pig iron. It may be asked why the other railway companies do not imitate the Northern Company,. and support the project for reducing the import duties on foreign iron? The answer to • simple one. The iron-masters have. been ,==igh to become membessof the councils of - which form the staff of these emapsniee. The enemy has penetrated within the feetalice. . They now make use of their position, by, preventing the companies from taking those steps. which ought to be taken in the interest' of the shareholders. 'Dee associ ation; twined for- the extension of freetrade has , already published two numbers of its wiekly paper.. You will have received the Libre Behange, and yes wi'd perform a useful act ir., publishing a translatirs of extracts from it, for they would be very servioniale thilie cause. The association will hold a public meet lag as - - tha 22nd instant. Conferences bare taken place, every week at the. rooms of the association, where the various inibietrial operations tof .the capital are bisught under notice. It was i moped that the mansfarturers a Mulhansse, who 1 I have iszealintorest in the progress of free trade, since 1 they obtain their Wu& from. England, wield have made a, demonstraMon in its favour; but they have been led away by interested persons, and she declare don 00;lo t tlhaneets ;which is ;sheet to be published. is 1 a masterpiece of egotism and folly. On the ether hand. the manufacturers and mereha*ts of Khanna haw, alter a solemn discussion, declared that at pro- hibitions : must be abolished, and that the present *riffs are fetal alike to industry and eeekaleree. • This demonstration from a rich • and populous ' eity, which not only produces champagne, but has also large woollen manufactories, bee made a protound sensation. The partisans of the pro hibitive system are in crinternation, and the adhesion of Rheims will give great weight to the ery for reform which' has bra already_ heard in Parris, Lyons, Bordeaux, Marseilles and Rana. This im portant manifhetstion is in a great degree due to the courageous steps flat taken by M. Leon Faucher, the present deputy of Rheims. 'But the merit of the act is no less attributable to the manufacturers of Rheims, who• sustained and directed the straggle. Their names will be inscribed amongst those who have dewrved well of their country and of the whole human race. O. • Tha • atT r t nouie Wood Laved also le leave DIS Al bad rater( Mr, beaten Dc: aloe 1 Th 4 instit , Slyer verti• valid] wall I calLr mien c prose , aress vino, Ashit tion o Tb Nov have defy the o 0 porter Mr. A N He unfa a eel the one the mime and