The Express. — London, England, 1849-09-27 00:00:00

RAILWAYS. TAUS DAT, Two o'ciocia. The mast is mach lister in tone to-day. sad shires et all descriptions are looting firmer. Very Ittle acted business has bten done, the anemias d the balms being almost entirely absorbed in the arrearnseafs necessary far the settleaset et the wont, which so far km peeresses' satistacteelia. The backwudatise which" a - Wag aim ea UM et the old Wee mass that the pabhc have boa *p ing. and that WWI has bees produced by the " bars.' Oaledeeime merit 13 this moraina= North. rat, 7t. Nenmeaile end _Berwialls. M aid North-WedisiallNANads both Tote hliker baviss bass hit ON! ampusdvely it 115 at U. loom Liman. 17 . U Ds. 66666.666 - 6 642 iftwis 6 anl J wall* or gib • alweeles .. Il 1 is le le Pi Mt WI ii MraWshis finsweVailri, elni..lllldv., sod Deiley l Nis dels pall, ea via is l• N 71 IM N I 7 i 7 S. IS 134 I• l• SO SI II U IS Ls U. N ; N $ l 6 111 11l SO S• IS • I Do. vldrataronasts 71 gum. Stass.. &Mel sad Laster - Dot 'WM- : SI I 1 1 34 IS SS IS 36 IS SS II ft. NI SS al so ss u It 4r 'la gba elk 8.08 . 0. . iti e rti; mg — . sod Ilialfterl .. Nadaßio.::' . .. B.) •• De. vl. . D0.(61.106.)6 p. (*.Prof lbstars Oommiss De. Doe G. 6 p. a... Do. Bat. Do. 66. Po. Da. & pro Ct... INN imam I. is B. damo I Nee De.fit=.66.) ••• 6 p. ~_.] — De. - FM - w — ... ... .. De.* par Ct. Prat. I ii. lambeeteslekagow... 0:, ILlowit. Ton% ls Derie. &star arl Zama* ... 4 DO. Vona. A. 74 De. arm. D. 110. CIL, 74 De. par OM. Ml. .74 105t14.201 Wel. (bib) .... re Grist Medi of Ihri.—^ ~.i ~: 1 47, 1 44 ... TA 1 II lob I) 124 11 SS M 161 1 R. 11 1.,, ...1 ;lc li i as. DT) i : De. Mew, De. al& SII fil. "ii fit 41 4 4 PM 9. 4. 11119. SI 49 141 Di 416. lb 10 &41 161 i)! t II I se II tie ilk $2 da. if II II Ti 7. I if os. Sit lie i P Ps. Pr 1 Pa• 14 %Pe n N lb. U 111 di. Is It 14 It 14 Si 13 37 111 4 74 7 1 141 sl 7 3 Ma ii i dia. It. lh die. I 11 I 1 &b. It dia. 10 Is AL 306 He Omit w.s'sm ... .. I. La — Wei II Ds. slue ... MI Di. 13 De. Sow. 10 HAD eml Do. Arms 114 De. shwa le Lameamer sad Oullois II Do. Thl 10 Lasioshirs W Teeloslin li ii pa. 33 34 pm. 13 If gm. Se 313 71lia. 1 7 i II 11l de. Il 111 7 die. fa 94 -• • ii g:iiir7i. , - ~. M. le Do. am (kilt:ow 9 Wool Cam IS Do. Poulos Wyr to i Do. 4in - !r..l.76;ifikkk:.::, ill] li sLi II 11111 - 3 . - Tri.i• - • - i - rat. -4 p. - Camt II Iwo tad amok wall .. I Lew. lifilom, It S.Oort 9 Ds. rommeed Sp. Ct. inasOmpdwinieds.. IA Do. Mt • pet OM.. Da.Osavrt. 9 p.Ci..1933 CO De. Wm S 3 gr. I p.Ct. IN Lades sad Gnomish .. le I , War tip eels& Ii Pa'. 4i _ To.. Her. Is 16 db. $ • Mfr. " 6 II 4116, II 16 AIL :1 wy IT 99 - . 4 dia. W Si 111 111 7i ium 7 siTioT4 l .ii IS Do. AIL Dow 1 ohomos. 7 Do. MAU . D0.511.L.,11.00d 11411 10 Li Is 50n114.04011w. 111 Do, Now, LSO 14 Do. Sow • Do. Plobroose Tp. CL. ▪ lairsiollem.4 porCon , • Numb. Doz. sod Dot.. 00 D05ab.,1681.. orl Liao LS Do. t e 1:00. So. 1 .. St Do. 01000. Ito. ... 124 Do. door. No. 10 Do.. ilo PreL 10 Do., Omit Urlzsoby 114 Do Obi and . SS Do. Grimsby Doak... 100 Owl/min oo 111011 mi 'M .. SO Do. SID dorm — NO Da. MEL owl W- 100 Do. IL oodi D. II 0. 100 "WINO nog Oidlie .- 12 Do. gm SS . Is iiio Fe: Fein;:i prict::: Meth DMA ... ... .. Do. —. N ozissosa t •: ; :irsioss. is gagarta gag lava tag He Si Among& antral It Stwgua L k Una. Citag I De.. ago D . . g Da, sgworieggigs_ Ustsrsgsba Na q um Emus 111 Orwatri to Da g omit. int... 24 Unica IT. Iv 1 - 11116 - 161 — re::: O. Os. Po. 1 ... .. DION. 4 =and - Ds. 116.4 T Da, i 0.114 . .. I Billielm. mg Osde. DLWI4I. Readied Ind .. wear TAW, 111 p. Ct. pr. Ds. Pi. de. Into. Illesiassl, IL Thrym. Tarklllewpodeaborwiii Ds.ffit( Tortiami.) De. O.M.L Piceire a Tat and Hatt laird- Ds. Teellerimp ... .. Pam= Latta% Aagbo.Mime NM Mos aid AuMin .. 10 Omlips awl II Omega haw Mimi: S . 4 q 414. I 1 1 /. ... , ~ , PI. PM 7 .1 ... II db. •lOost WWI lmirels: II llskid limmir Ump 111. Om et PPM, « T Odom rd lorommot Pada mmid Onnom . M 1 Palm Fab NW ian II M ism madmmor• • Ream of tem ... Ombra moillmom 11 Tan rad Mow Siol 0111. IC 41 20 $1 10 1 AL ei ab. LIIIIIIPOOL. Selemikr 26 Ilvomazonamos. —Wr it o esesket to day Ira Amer. sal It to • pawn *Wm as pries an gradually, ang biontedin footomeoe. the ries A onalsee toe Nene Ono lebbea bled* limelikilk Ina ri t4 PF C. ORA 03 VIE MIL aMg —Larrldni Tothilee aimeeidt Is. art NW* 11: now Amok Us. Anat. MisMil4 11. 11 lamb (rd. ition), N. Inn Room sod Dover (Ns 4, r< as 11.4 T• Nowa* onl Bernet (11. N. Z. pie mat. de L MANCHESTER, Svgs.' , Ade 98. lhom-lhaiumis.—The marketing rasher Wavy dialing sk• day, bust flyser towards the ewe. BIRMINGHAM, Sopinober IL Eposizosuarsi.—Thsts wry light okieg its this =ohm : prim wen ssearisary. LEEDS. Septinsiir IL litists-Isowses.—Ths foilswilw fs tii• baslaies tram mel Ode =Mag. The rite aro Joe * et how elocatkee 71e sertset ce the elide is very tertive N we ew art isossiths, l4 lidombm (Ism lei I), I. lad Norte Weems 01110111 . NM% IL el l see.—Nerti Reims. iM is. BRISTOL, Septow.bsr 96 Ihreez-ZieWeb—Owieg te the a:merest seise abated, prim ewes, wore quesisemswhet kerwr, bobs ss _bibs's: Bristol led laser, St des—Di ll IN" lee • etas. M— enet Wrote% Quertseh lie lib TALLOW.-11i• market is oist to-day. Potersburg Y. C. eh the epok as M. ; Oslobir te Dooaber delivery, Ida ad.; mew vele meadte ° deilvery, pa COTTON.—Lrrszpooi, Bare. 26.—Tha market to-day vie IA 'Ed the nes were Meet 3,000 beta 0. I N. -11 s • the .ntrefilS. OUTGOING NAILS. Tbs Emile tsr Britioh North Amities sad the trafted Stems will be up to menow male., 8-pt. 28. The West ladis Or Smitten Bermuda, HAM Noma, Bandana, New Orbital, sad Mosia, sad eagediag them i.e Nedeire, et. Jeas.4444karepas, Now Onmeds, ' Mill, sad Pen, will be aside av aa Oet. 2. The molls kr Madan, the Brea', sad Deism Ayres, will be mule up as the molar; et Oet. 4. The malls kr Vie, Operas, Lisboa, Nadas% Cadiz, ea/ Oilseellin will Its semis up ea 0 W 7 . TM mei% vie Narseilleo, to llioiltanaseaa. Coyle*, lad* lisap.lsap, &a will be made up l o i n 'Toshio et °ember 8. The washy abesltar, Grew Om balsa Bops Nate, , Cells', ladia, awl Chia% , IleaSbemptott, lsla t be made up ea the reersiag of OM. M. MON WAllli AT Lomat IMMO& rue Dse—Samelog. 9 /9. Ma Alisrassa, 10 IL Wm TiNwassw—llsoalia,lllli. IS im. lbliessoma. LI k. Ma LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. Tax fats of Cuba bag bees adjourned. But the aotoriety of the expedition, and the interest excited cannot fail to attract fre sh spirits and ingenuity to it. An annexation is like a murder. One begets another, by the number of people it sets thinking and planning on the subject, and meditating each admit they wou I dNUJ have doze, or might have done, had t undertaken it. As one great crime in private WI educates and incites some ruffian to imitate it, se doss critiqued or conspiracy. Louis XIY. was politicalthe parent of FREDERIC the Greet, sad FRIDEILIC the Great of NAPOLEON —LO grasp, conquer, and partition, was the great game, the one ides of sit. This mania somewhat dead in Europe survives in America, where schemes of rapacity need not wait for prisms or commanders to arry them out: a few adventurous spirits will there undertake to swallow up a continent. Speaking of the American design upon Cubs, we said the other day that 1,500 or 2,0 00 men from New York or New Orleans could not possibly succeed in the invasion of an island garrisoned* by from 20,000 to 30,000 Spanish soldiers. We forgot, however, the discontent which prevails amongst Spanish troops, raised by conscription, and amongst Spanish officers, whose occupation for some time has been more gambling than war. It is said that the American adventurers reek Iced on the d-fection of the military, u well as oar a largely organised revolt of the Creoles. Certain it is that a quantity of money was forthcoming for the expedition, and was lavished on it. And we know that whatever party in old Spain is willing to spend some thousands of dollars, it can always command a pro ainstionstmeo. And accordingly, it is by length of puree that the relative strength of contending factions is measured. The law holds good in the Spanish colooy. And therefore when we see such large sums subscribed for ejecting the Spanish gov. roan nt from Cuba, the probability gains ground that the project will be resumed and re-aVempted till it does mooed. The Spanish authorities have nothing to oppose to it bat brute force. The present Captain-Genenl is known for his sanguinary execution of all the military captives whom he took at Corthague. Martial law and 'honing form his only political ex perience and code. And although our tones will not fail to argue how fully in the right he is, because he does no more than the Irish Orangemen did in 1798, or than Governor WARD does in 1849, this would not protect the island from American sympathizers. The greater the cruelty to the Cubans, the more will the Americans be incited to liberate them—the more iron and arbitrary the military rule at the Havannab, the deeper will be the aspirations after the dominion of the stars and stripe* thin . Nog would be more easy than for the Spani aLthorities to conciliate either the planters or the black population. A METtriniCil would set the one to massacre the other, as the Austrian cabinet treated Gallicia. ASp wish minister may have the cruelty, but not altege:her the blames' for this part. But on Ow other hand he has not the least idea of ooncilia don. As to the Americans and their republic, it is net so much by armies and expeditions, that they menace states around them, as by their example. Little commonwealths, of which the planters are the noc.na trolled masters, are too tempting to planters of other countries net to be envied. And this is felt in Jamaica as in Cuba. Then the American conquests have not been followed by a direct American domination. Mexico, for example, has been left to itself, its popu lation merely freed from official, sacerdotal, and military rale, the sources of prodigality and oppres sion cut off. How can the Cubans behold such a revolution effected within so.ahort a distance of them, and in countries peopled by the same race, without aspiring themselves to that charac'erittic of America, self government and development? But, however natural and irresistible this must be to the Cuban planters, it is not wittiLut regret and shame that one sees their Jamaica brethren resort to the same topics and threats, for the sake of mere faction. The threat, too, is idle. The majority of the House of Assembly has an exeellent cause, a parliamentary and a constitutional line of opposition. They demand retrenchment; they have every right, ground, and power to demand it. And it their object be merely retrenchment, no government can long refuse it to them. Bat with every freedom for the statement of their wrongs, for the ventilation of abuses, for the wielding and exten sion of eiltgovernment, to talk of annexation to the United States, and thereby hint at a restoration of slavery, at eta turns the pat and liberal resistance of the House of Assembly into a factious and illiberal intrigue. It spoils the best of arguments, dese crates the most tamed of owes, and destroys that national English sympathy for Jamaica, just as the Irish physical force repealer destroyed English sympathy for Ireland. The American and the Cuban moles may unite in condemning to eternal slavery the black population of the Spanish island. English planters will never be allowed by the Eng lish people to play a part so inhuman and so retro grade. And annexation, from the mouth of a Jamai can, and from such a pen as that which Iccubrated in the Morning Herald of yesterday, means nothing else. EwsnT, we think, at no distant day, will have reason to coogratnlate himself on the results of the eemmittee en Public Libraries, which he last session preesced to be appointed. It is impossible that the meet et the committee—of which we reprinted the rportion on Tuesday. together with the value eillr vidsnee appended to it—should not make a deep brag n on the public, and lead forthwith to prac deal results. Sluggish as the government is in such matters, it will be compelled to do something, if oily for appearance sake ; while on private mdi vidsals, and on the stirring and influential provincial communities of the manufacturing districts, who have so moth more real vitality than onr tempo =purnment, or our overgrown, unwieldy, me ths effect of the report will be still more decisive, and still more pregnant with beneficial con sequences. There is no =smoke:ewer, let him be ever so selfish and indifferent to the inter, it. of those in his employ, who cannot appreciate the superiority of educated labour and trrned intelligence over igno rance and the apathy which is its too constant attend ant ; or who has not acuteness enough to perceive bow the general cultivation of the mind stimulates the dexterity and inventiveness of the mechanic in his special occupation. We wish we could say as such for the large agricultural employers. But we fear there are too many of them who still labour ender the mad fallacy, that the more ignorant the labourer, the more docile and sub missive is he, and the more productive the fruits of his toil—as it the transformation of certain ingredients contained in the earth, into corn sad cattlemere celes tially different from any other manufacture : or u if stupidity wee really of as much use to the farmer, as science and skill is to the miner and the cotton-spinner. The abolition of the corn laws has brought many bless ings with it; but none so great, u that it will knock this aossense on the head, and drive the farmer, in self defence, to educate himself first, and then his labourers, and last of all, and greatest blessing of all, by indirect inflames, his landlord! In half a century, the wrong headedness, incapacity, and general ignorance of practical subjects, which are too generally cherse teeiMie of the country gentleman, and of which such premises specimens exhibit themselves in the Hoses et Commons, immensely to the detriment of useful legislation, will be thine as obsolete as the habits and humours of Squire Western, drawn from the life by FIILDING just one hundred years ago. 10 21 111 111 1124 i MIL i 1 1 1:1: 3$ M . _ it li a. 14 13 04 it k. s_ ii ii to t. II to 7 16 16 dia. 13 14 die. 6:1 31 19 1 dai. 23 Si 14 ii Ms. IT IS kik liii 2s :2 VI II 2 dis 226 7i 7 Na I I Poi IS ►S al.. l i 4 4 du. li 21 pa. 4 2 Ms. 2 1 Ms. 10 I Ma 1 1 41s. 15 1 SI 3 Ms. 6 1 i i 3 341 k. 1 K Si a a db. 6 4 Oa $ 1 ft. I $ 4 rib. 18 44 l4 its In if Ms. fl r 4l dis. II die THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1849. Leaving . unenlightered ensp'oyers tirerywhete to row wise in spite of themselves, we hop., on ile sibeted, tow those numerous and tout, liberal oWlyers who hese individually done so much for fee osiefort sad i catalsetion of the or workmate and who have really set the lest example of ,providing lib tries ter the people, adapted to their position sad their ersals—we hope to see those gentlemen 'stimulated the jablkettiree of th b is u r e eto b rt, fir t s uu l i n te t te to ir w e a x s er u ; they ban. A few examples of this kind do siege . 1 16 elheekte the government te sesselking ellistlee dem a hundred pathetic mask is thde seem of duty ee their sense of shame. We dealt est, bee, bat men of large fortune, and whose y, y equals their wealth—such men as have with the munificence, but without the Me rept motives of a Cisee or a Cyan', given pike 1 sad pleassmgeounds to the people—will also come , leeward in &strict, where the workmen are poor, tied 1 employers backward,and create at their own expense*, sucki of libraries,which, once commenced, may s rely for further support on the community wle s i= received the boon. A thousand pounds judicial* laid out will purchase at least five thousand volume' of that class of books which are most useful to the people, not omitting a due proportion of works et I a issues. A hundredhundred pounds even will procure from be bemired to a thousand volumes of the clue of weeks most required at the commencement of a popular library. Gentlemen disposed to employ their surplus wealth in this way, might also appropriate lands to defray the building of a library, or provide the librarian's salary, leaving the future contributions of the community thus benefited to be entirely seat in books. Of course it is only pending the inaction of go vernment, or the indecision of parliament, that we would seek to divert into this channel any excessive or unusual proportion of the benevolence of those who have a proper sense of the duties that great wealth 1 , entails. It is not charity, but justice, paternal go- vernment, and a wise economy in the expenditure of local and general taxes, that the working class e of England want. As Sir Quiets LYSI.L quoted lately from an eloquent American writer, " the usual main . enance of one large sited man-of-war ousts as much in service, salaries, wages, and as four of our first-class universities." ir v esi h r a lit say with a dill stronger exposure of the wastefuleme of warlike extravagance—and what sort of 'risked ness is, in its essence, more sinful than wastefulness!— we might my, without exaggeration, that the cost of building one ' meventy-foue would purchase ample libraries for one hundred good sized towns. Bat while we waste twenty millions a year on soldiers and sailors, grants from government for the support of libraries and museums must be very lmited. In deed they ought not much to exceed their present amount; of which the greater part is swallowed up by the British Museum. There is no resource there fore but to fall back upon the kcal rates; and we quite concur in the recommendations of the committee se that head. Indeed we blieva we might claim the merit of being among the first cf the . public press, to recommend the recognition of a provision for free libraries for the people, as among the duties insepara ble from all municipal govanment ; and we are delighted to find that the committee have given this principle the sanction of their authority. There exists no other practical means at present of provid ing for that numerous and fast increasing class of the population who have acquired the faculty of and the appetite for reading; but who are too poor to be able to gratify it with wholesome nourishment, and who are driven in cineequence to batten on the noxious garbage of the Jack Sheppard literature which we have so often denounced. Ten paragraph of the report has likewise the happiness to recommend the same exer cise of private benevolence that we have been advo cating above. Indeed it sketches, within a very brief compass, the whole machinery of such institution', and is so full of foresight and practical good "nee, that we quote it without abridgment : Your committee farther recommend that • power be given ley parliament enabling town councils to levy a small rate for the creation and support of town libraries. An act was passel in the year 184.5 conferring the power on town noun ens to levy a rate (to the extent of a halfpenny in the pound) he " encouraging the establishment of museums in large towns," commonly known under the name of the " Museums Act." Some few towns have availed them wives of this privilege. It is probable that more will do so. A eall, however, has been made upon the legislature from =OM than one quarter, and especially from Limerick, to extend this power of rating to the case of libraries. One town (Warrington), even under the sanction of the coining Msweants' Act, has founded an open public library as well m a Mumma. The association of the two institutions seems is be a meat obvious and desirable alliance. In all our chief previa/Ird towns it Is requisite that there should be topo- Etplieal libraries as well as topographical museums; where y may fi nd • faithful portraiture of local events, le7eid — fiterature, and local manners; and art and science a collection of all objects illustrative of the climate, soil, sad resources of the surrounding country. Special libraries would, no doubt, form themselves in appropriate korlities, At Hamburg the Commercial Library has been famous for more than a century. Its existence is stated by Dr. Meyer to have had • moat beneficial influence on the character of the merchants of Hamburg. It would seem that in our large commercial end manuticturing towns, as well as in our agtiindtural districts, such libraries would 'stonily spring up, illustrative of the peculiar trade, mann erism, and agriculture of the place, and greatly favourable to the practical development of the science of political eco nomy. Your committee are convinced that the first great tempi& the formation of libraries (and of similar institutions) bto establish a place of deposit—a local habitation for the leeks. Teat once formed, measures should be taken (as enggestod in the valuable evidence of Mr. Brothetton) for wools the property—the building as well as the beet—in the town council of the place, or in some fixed owl y-renewable body. Thus the evils which betee Ifellallen so many of our charitable foundation', from the ass of trastees, and a necessary appeal to • mart of mit& would be evaded. There ma be no doubt, that these two condldoes toes fulfilled—a fixed and proper place a deeaalt, and a due investment of the property—donation will tly supply the books. Donation has been the ems, of the principal libraries which have ever or any where been formed. The British Museum (though supplied hem the gab& reverse with the meats of buying books) easels peisdpd ibIINST7 ensures to donation. 80 do our albeilk eel shiest ell our local libraries. A large proper ties Mew books in foreign libraries have been eontriouted 1 W helliviinds. It ie not easy to conceive that a bounciest NA enlightened citizen an leave a more plewirg or lasting iseremest behind him than a donation of books to • public Showy ; constituting a department, on which his name mg it be Inscribed as a benefactor cot only to his own times, but to filters ages. We remarked on Tuesday that the extent of the late defalcations in Sidney forest could be known because the Commissioners of Woods were entirely in ignorance as to the property committed to the ore of the defaulter. If there is any mode of judging of the los which the public have sustained by the gross negligence and carelessness of the department. it is only by contrasting the relative valued the forestbsfore and since the timber was destroyed. We propose to look into this as well as into some other matters affecting Woods and Forest accounts—documents to which the balance-sheets of the Hedonism railways were commendable, satisfactory, and honest publications. Whitdewoxl and Salcey Fores's are elated, in the evidence before Lord Di:Tomes com mittee, to have produced, from 1706 to 1786, a ear plus of income above expenditure to the extent of 6,1001. From 1803 to 1848, they produced a surplus of no less than 68,28 W. This surplus appears to have seemed from the produce of old timber, previous to the memorable disformting by the ingenious Mr. KENT. From the time of that gentleman's foul c de falcation the forest has been a terribly losing concern. When he was appointed deputy surveyor by Mr. Commissioner Miura, in 1827. &dory and Whittlewood produced so large a sum as 10,6111. per annum. less 3,6671. expenditure. The balance in favour of the public that year was, cones. quently, about 7,0001. But in 1836 this 7,0001. had dwindled down to 7681. Mr. MILNE and his protige sacrificed, in fact, upwards of 6,0001. per annum, which might otherwise have accrued to the public treasur. At the y present time Salm entails a /me of 6001. a year on the public. Every year bet one since the year of Mr. KING Bmir's defalcation has been a year of deficiency, and that deficiency is likely to continue. It will be a hundred years ere there will be a stick fit to cat in the forest; and until the century expires the public will be saddled with the expense of maintaining a corps of well paid offi cials to look after the young tress, to preserve the game, and to warn off trespassers. Salcey Forest alone comprises nearly 13,000 acres of land. What other landed proprietor in Europe can boast of an estate at once so large and unprodno. tire P Since 1834, 7,6001. has been absolutely sank L here in money payments. At the same rate we shell I have absolutely sunk in salaries the whole value of the forest, land and all, by the time it produces a single oak that is fit for the axe of the woodman. It is impose : lie, surely, that the public can allow this Astir of things to continue. It is not coedited to Bracey. Almost every public prop rty managed by the c nemissicners in Whitehall-place is a dead an nual lON to parliament and to the pe.•pie. A quarter of a million of acres of land is not only entirely unpro ductive under their management, but it abaolately entails a heavy annual charge upon the owners! Here is a short account of last year's receipts and ex penditure for earth Forest: Receipts. Expeaditare. 10,1149 12,663 836 726 616 860 6,889 9,949 2,441 2,364 2,068 1,061 097 728 1,204 1,127 674 803 282 666 1,906 2,041 323 628 840 674 96.4 68 398 323 393 124 New Forest New Perk FMB Bathurst Dean Forest High meadow Woods Alice Holt Woolen Bore _ . &key Wiesen Wychwood Waltham Linerooet Woods ChopweU Woods Elthatn Woodi 29,860 34,682 A defleenoy of 4,8221., exclusive of sit the obarges of the Woods and Forests office, of lawyers' bills, aid other matters, which we are certainly within the mark at charging at 12,0001. a year more ! Is it not high time this " system" was put a stop to ? EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO. JAVA.—Barxvia.—The whole of the troops and the naval force connected with the third and unsuc cessful Bally expedition have returned to Java, Lieut.- Colonel Van Bwieten, commanding-in-chief. reaching Batavia on July 26th, per steamer Phoenix, with the intelligence of the completion of all arrangements. The Rajahs have acceded to all the demands hewer. in a position to make ; the refractory chiefs have been removed and friendly ones put in their stead. Up to July 28th, the Billy ambassadors were will at Batavia, but were to be sent back in a veer steamer. All is not quiet in the Dutch possessions. The resident of Palembang has found it necessary to request the pre sence of additional troops. The Governor-General has ordered three steamers to be in readiness to convey troops thither. A grand fete was about to be given at Batavia to the returned Bally troops, which fete is to last two days and nights; the ex penses are eructated at 20,000 florins, the full amount of which had nearly been raised by public subsuiption. The Governor-General was preparing to leave for Celebes and the Molucca Islands, intend ing to reture after an absence of four months, during which period M. Iteyost would act as Governor- General. It has been correctly ascertained that the coffee crop will fall short 6,000 piculs this year, and the sugar will be nothing equal to last year, the falling of of the latter being caused by the frequent and extensive inundations which have occurred in Java. LABUAN.—lntelligence from this place extends to July 26th. We have designated the colony " Young Sierra Leone," and right well does it de serve the appellation. The accounts now Wore us bring intelligence of farther sickness amongst the troops, attended with marked mortality ; to prevent the sepoys being depressed all possible meansare em ployed to conceal the ached amount of deaths. This great mortality:amongst the troops will prove a hard bargain to the British government, as it has been arranged between her Majesty's and the East India Company's government that the widows and families of sepoys dying at Labuan shall receive full pension-money. Fever and ague prevailed amongst all classes of the inhabitants. The Semiramis had a heavy sick-list during her stay this vessel has been ordered by the admiral to re main at Singapore until further order', so that the , solitary isle is left without& guard-ship, the ministry, apparently, getting ashamed of the Labnan job." Her Majesty's ship Meande r arrived at Labuan on July 23rd. This frigate, in the passage from Me anie, had got upon a reef, off the Island of Sanity, on the morning of July 17th. To ex tricate her it was Lund necessary to throw her guns overboard, which was successfully accomplished on the 19th, without damage or accident; in 24 hours after the Mreander recovered and remounted all her guns. At one time the Meander was considered in a perilous situation, and the pin nace 'e Si despatched to Labuan fur assistance, but the ve-sel was fortunately extricated before the Semira mis steamer reached the spot. The Maunder was to leave Labuan with ore hundred tons of coals for Sin gapore; after receiving on board stores and provi sions at the latter port, the Mee ender proceeds on spe cial service to California. By the way the whole of the surface coal having been removed, the operations of the Eastern Archipelago Company have been suspended until the arrival of machinery which had been despatched by a vessel from Sin gapore. Sir James Brooke was still away at his S rawak principality, where he was likely to remain until the operations against the Sakarrans and Seribians were completed. The Maunder having been ordered to the Pacific, Grain the Hon. H. Xeppel will take no part in the expedition, the task devolving on H.M.S. Albatross and Royalist, the H.O steamer Nemesis, and the forces of Rajah Brooke and hie native allies. SINGAPORE, AUGUST s.—The absence of the Governor and the non-arrival of native traders leave the place dull. The great increase of tigers infesting the low jangle has made the districts distant two miles from the town very insecure, and will seriously affect the production of pepper and gambier. Scarcely a day passes without persons being carried on aid on one occasion during the past month, no less than three Chinese cultivators were de stroyed on one estate, a fourth man escaping with difficulty. The English bisque Prudence, of London, from Penang, bound to China, having on board a valuable cargo of rice,opiam, birds'nests, &c., struck on the Two-and-a-half Fathoms Bank in the Straits of Malacca, and immediately filled. Cargo all lest ; crew saved, and reached Malacca. The Bel haven, from London, on the morning of Jelly 30, struck on a reef at the eastern entrance of Rhio Straits, and in a few minutes after had seven feet water in the hold; after hard-pumping, the vessel was kept afloat until the morning of the 3 tst, when she wss run ashore on the Singapore sandy . beach, where she is discharging her cargo, partially damaged. Business here is dull, with stocks accumulating. The Bogie traders are looked for at the end of the month with their supplies of produce from Celebes and the Moluccas. COLONIAL. NEW SOUTH WALES. By way of Singapore and the overland India and China mail, we have received advives and journals from Sydney to the 11th of June. The revival of the convict or transportation system, at the recommenda tion of Earl Grey, has elicited from the colonists ex pressions of the strongest disapprobation. In the Legislative Council, on June ls., Mr. Cowper, the member for Cumberland, moved, with reference to Earl Grey's despatch of Sept. 3, 1848, " That this council declines to accede to the proposal therein con tained for the renewal of transports ion to this colony, and strongly protests against the adoption of any mea sure by which the colony would be degraded into a penal settlement ; and that this council, there fore, would earnestly entreat her Majesty to be graciously plenum to revoke the order in council by which this colony has been again made a place to which British offenders may be transported." Vas important resolution was carried neon. con. without a debate. The unanimity of the representatives, sup ported, indeed almost led, by Governor Fitzroy, ought to secure the object the colonists seek. The Sydney Morning Herdd, Jane 8, referring to the vote of the Legislative Council, remarks : " Earl Grey and his colleagues should now be made to understand, if they could not or would not understand before, that, so far as the colonists of New South Wales are mace/nod, the transportation question is set tled settled fully and finally settled for ever. To attempt to moot it any more, under whatever name or pretext, would be not only to waste precious time, but to Jesuit this whole commu nity." But notwithstanding this unmistakeable feel ing of the colonists on the question of transportation, Earl Grey unadvisedly sent out a cargo of convicts by the Hashemey, which vessel arrived at Sydney on June 10, and the colonists were thereby thrown into a state of great excitement. The colonists at once resolved to make a determined stand, and adopted the only constitutional means of makieN known to her Majesty the grievance so uneeremonton.ly thrust upon them by Earl Grey. On June 11th the people of Sydney, as one man, assembled on the vacant ground near Circular-wharf. The chair was taken by Mr. Lowe, the Legislative Council member for the city of Sydney. Such was the tone of public feeling at this instant, that im prudent demagogues might have fanned the glowing embers into • lilac, and the fire of sedition have run riot. The citizens of Sydney had a legitimate object, and they took legitimate means to carry it into effect. The natation of the Legislative Council, noticed above, was carried sub silentio those of the monster meeting were carried in the same unequivooal and self-speaking manner. On the day of meeting all badmen was easpended—a grave silence was ob served. The Hashemey, with her argo of convicts, was within sight of the usembled thousands of the colonists, when the latter recorded their most solemn protest against the transportation system in the fol lowing emphatic and unmistakeable language: We, the ins and loyal subjects of Her Mast Gracious ll ejeaty, inhabitants of the city or Sydney and its immedi ate neighbonrhood, in public meeting assembled, do hereby enter our most deliberate and solemn protest against the transportation of 13:itish criminals to the colony of New South Wales. 1. Because it is in violation of the will of the majority of the colonists, as is clearly evidenced by their o:primed opinions on the question at all times. 2. Because numbers among us have emigrated en the ' faith of the Briti.h government, that transportation to this oniony had ceased forever. 3 Because it is inoompatable with our existence as a e. free ptibl oo . l o 7y, deel another ri e nles s lVrnment, to be made the re lon.. 4. Because it is in the t h r 4theet degree unjust to sterilise the great social and political interests of the colony at large to the pecuniary profit of a fraction of its inhabitants. 6. Because being firmly and devotedly attached to the British crown, we greatly fear that the perpetration of so stupendous an act of injustice by her Majesty's government, will go far towards alienating the affections of the people of this colony from the mother country. For these end many kindred reasons, in the exercise of our duty to our country—for the love we bear our families, in the strength of our loyalty to Great Britain, and from the depth of our reverence for Almighty God—we protest, against the landing again of British convicts on then shot a This protest was presented to Governor Fitzroy by a deputation, with a request that he would forward it to her Majesty. We believe a copy of the protest was despatched by the overland India mail, and if so it is now in the hands of Earl Grey, who ought to be, if he will be, convincedthat to persist in a measure so repugnant to the feelings of a large and free commu nity, must at a very early day separate the colonies of Australia from the British crown. He may re mark that Governor Fitzroy has signified his inten tion not to land the convicts per ILashemey until the answer of Etrl Grey is received. MALTA, Sam 20, 10 r.m. The Princess Belgiojosa, the soi-disant heroine of Itely, left Malta with her family on the 16th, in the French steamer for Greece. Several others of the more wealthy of the refugees left at the same time, preferring to live and spend their money in Greece, a country which has afforded an asylum to their dis tressed countrymen, rather than in a British posses sion where they have been so infamously treated. The murrain or plague amongst the cattle hu de creased in virulence. One of the proprietors who lost fifty head in one night, described the symptoms as follows: all at once the animal is seized with a faint ly se and loss of appetite; debility quickly follows, with intense diarrhcca ; then a violent perspiration, with a foaming at the mouth, a swelling of the body, and death. All these will occur within an hour or so. No cure has been adopted, for the different stages follow each other s 3 rapidly, that it is difficult to prescribe one. In England it would be difficult to believe that any one could be found to sell or buy such meat; but here it has been sold at a penny to twopence the pound, the police, as usual, looking on. The poor Sicilian and other refugees are still in the lazaretto. Many of them are very ill. There will not be many left by Christmas. On the 18th the Sardinian brig Concordia put in here for repair, on her way to Athens, from Genoa, with 160 Italian refugees on boa rd. Moat of them were from Rome. It is said that the brig makes mu& water, and that the refugees must be landed for her to undergo the necessary repairs. I regret to say that no more kindness has been shown to them than to the other poor creatures who are now dying in the lazaretto. Immediately it was ascer tained that the vessel could rot proceed in cense qunee of her leaky state, the passengers were taken out of her, and placed upon the open docks of pon toons, exposed, without shelter, to all the heat of a September run, and the heavy , dews of the night. Thus, it would appear that the orders left by Mr. More O'Ferrall admit of no relaxation in regard to these unfortunates, amongst whom are people of rank and property. If a cargo of African slaves were treated in the same manner, all the journals of Europe would cry out against such an act of barbarity. Many ima gine that Colonel Jones, the o ffi cer administering the government, would have acted differently, but it is evident he has the title only and not the power. Rosland's steamer, on the 19th, brought us a Gaily nani of the 11th, containing a quotation from the Daily News, that Mr. More O'Ferrall had been cen sured by the uolonial-offios for his recent treatment of the Italian refugees, and had in consequence tendered his resignation. Yon can have no idea of the excite went such news occasioned ; the people appeared wild with joy, and had the article certified that it had been laccepted, the town would have been fully illuminated. If he is wise he will not return to Malta. ig THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF COTTON. The news from the United States relating to the cotton crop of 1849, is sot yet of such a nature as to enable us to say whether the yield will be large or not. The specu lator. affirm that the crop will not be above 2,000,000 belts, while other parties say that there is nothing to prevent it from reaching 2,300,000 bales. In the absence of precise information, we are left entirely to conjecture, and thou who seek to read the future in the put flnd very little data on which to found an estimate. Thou who take a gasman' view of the nutter, point to the fact that, during the last thirty years, the production of cotton has been Inereulng at en average rate of six per cent. per annum, and, sksealore, they say, even after making a reasonable allow. uses fee loss, owing to the lateness of blooms this year, there may sell be as large a crop es there was in 1847, which was 2,347,634 belee. Oa the other head, the croakers tell us that we have never more than two good crops together; and, as thou of 1847 and 1848 were both above the average, they infer teat this year's will be considerably under en avenge. In order that our readers may judge for themselves, we give the following table of the American cotton crops for the last sixteen years : Years. Bake.- 1333 1334 1833 1834 1837 1838 1839 1340 1811 1842 1843 1844 1848 ...—. ;HMV 1846 .»...1.780.479 very bed. 1847 1841 This table furnishes a sufficient reply to those who affirm, with regard to the cotton crop, that • we have a series of two consecutive abundant years together." The five years ending in 1837 were all good, not only as regards one another—each successive year showing a considerable advance over the preceding one—but compared with the average crops previous to the period at which the above tab.. commences. During the five years ending to 1832, the ge annual cotton crop was only 982,230 bales; dur ing the five years ending in 1837, the average annual crop was 1,418,974. For the last twenty-one years the Menem appears to have been pretty /regular, when we take an 'swage of five or sir years—thus, if we take the five years ending in 1832, 1837, 1842, and the six years ending in 1848, we find that each period bas given the following average : - Tears aiding Balm 992,230 1837 1852 1858 The increase of the latter period over the average production of 1832 is about 126 per mat. This is mach greater than the increase which has taken place in the consumption of cotton in Great Britain during the hut sixteen years. In 1832 we consumed 868,434 bales; in 1848, the total quanity taken for emanmption was 1,609,000 bales, showing an increase of little more than 76 per cent. over that of 1832. In the United States, the progress of consumption has been proceeding at a muck quicker rate, as will be seen by compering the quantity of cotton consumed at the two periods-1832, 173,000 bales; 1848, 600,000 bales. Here we ham an increase of nearly 200 per cent. in America, against one of little more than 76 per cent. in Great Britain. At the same rate of increase in both exam trigs respectively, *apposing it to go on for the next thirty. two years, the United States will by that time be consuming near y as large a quantity of cotton as we shall be doing.— Manchester Emottinsr. ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. (Prom the Frankfort Journal.) 4, What a man ! " ex,•l timed GU he once, after re_ eriving a vinit trona Hombold:. "I know co no m u kt compere him to ; he resembles a source of ever gushing sweet motors • he knows everything, and knows th..roughly what he doe; know." The poet was right. Alexander von Humboldt. who orma plated his 80th year on the 14th of September of this yow. with all she undiminished vigour e t hi s m i n d , end with, body still hale, is ore of the greatest and mat commits*. sine minds that have flourished in any age, and one of th e moat important men of our own. He On ego most spp steely called the Napoleon of natural science, in agin g convoy the idea that he stands forth without compare fo ie amongst ordinary mortals. There have been perhaps few men so entirely handl he he has been, for nature endowed him with a sans lady l ee a gigantic u wall as sane mind. It le seldom that s kar► peas from • northern clime can rove with impunity palm tiers, but on Humboldt neither the beat of the nor the fey cold of the Ural and Altai could exert say hew ful influence. From an early period he was itidependeet os to fortune, and there was no adverse circumstai ea to proem him from giving himself to the impulse of his genies. fles h es a youth he enjoyed the society of the wisest and best in Germany. To a calm perspicuity of understanding he oaks • wonderful acuteness of potattratien, and his first hums. sten is unerring. In powers of combination he has seldom been equalled, and besides his ouloatel memory, that in n deserts him, that is equally faithful as it is repid, hie glid e intellect is infused with a rich vatic vein, and 'pia 10 *id a fancy is ale his own, his tact* is so eatable and fine, t be throws tho charm of attraction over the very . brie subject he may happen to treat. Geographers unanimously recognise him as their mater,historians grateful:, content* their lore is deepl iedelited to Lim, and paldogists ha s received no little light from bim to iliumine whet had lan hitherto obscure for them in antiquity. Hardy is duteous single field of scientific inquiry that Hu eboldt has not se. Ached, he has even enlightened the fathers of the dumb ye their esthetic side. The Spaniards as well as we Oettemti so likewise the French and the English enrol this wee*. lul man among their elessic stylists, for in addition to t h e meet securae Latin, Humboldt writes Spanish, Eaglet].(? ), i and French with Willi, precision, and tree seas own native language. When he gave public lectures thirty years soak Paris, the French willingly admitted that few of their sea ; great countrymen came up to hint in luxuriance, correcturs, I , sad clearness. - This men, in the plenitude of his understanling and will the clearest consciousness, has lived wi.h and tem* e period of transition, such as the world hes never seen am the earliest centuries of Christendom. Born in the mtm year with Napoleon, he knew the Great Frederick; hk youth was coeval with the North American co ex ist for liberty; hie admired the great Washington ; the drama of toe Flack revolution that convulsed the world and that reed teamed blood, he saw, and not remotely, pass betore hien, with ito martial feats and its giants. But wbile the Ge:man empire of a thousand years was tumbling into ruin end the Gene* land was becoming the prey of the peoeut conqoerer, Hue boldt was wandering through the table. Ise& of the nom or the low plains near the Orinoco and Rionegr ,; hems not an immediate witness of the disasters his com&k men bewailed at Ulm or Jena During the lucg tinsel& restoration he employed his leisure in the eureperitits of those literary works that will remain as preteens is al ages for the natural sciences, for future research is the antiquities of America. and for re ry breech of geography, Ho, the man of four scare years, who has s e stirred men by the living word and to genially promoted study, hes wee too, in the evening of his infinitely rich life, how rte per. man people still atruggla for a new conformation, for unity and freedom. So enlightened a soul, so char a thither, a brad so incapabie cf a 1 narrow-mindeduns, must be doid of prejudice, must be favourably inclined from the depths d that soul to the cause of freedom and moves , . Yet t y say immediate political activity his mount has been so little die posed as Goths's was. Humboldt has ever beta mated with employing his influence preferably is behalf of icing, which owes an infinite debt of acknowledgmeut to him. There are very few seentific great individuals of the kit 60 years with whom he had not penes,' relaiiem. If say thing in him, in addition to the immense comprequivesesi of his acquirements, could raise our astoeishment, it weal he his almost ut.parelleled industry, and that woutiedel activity that distioguithes this great man. Ho bas enlarged the science of naviimila, especially enriel iag the history nauties; geology zoology, botany are co list indebted h him than the collective physical sciences, mote pirtieljelly meteorology, magnetism, that science which treata of the distributiou of heat over the earth ; gemeaphy, the kidney of nations, and political bietory ; lsdy statistics, serial— ture, and trade. Almost in every field tßie Garman giguee mind Mu formed new paths of exploration. When a young man of twenty, atter he hod completed his university studies in Gii•tingen and at Frankfort on tie Oder, we find him in the company of George Fewer &- emending the Rhine on his way to Holland end England; he writers his week on the basalts near the Rhine. Immedieely atter ;this he proceeds to Freiberg, for studying an& Werner, the founder of geological science, and he writes ea fossil plants. He then enters for a short time into the Fro Bien civil service; but the routine of aoministratin duties not satisfying his ardent mire], he applin with re loubled ardour to the study of animal cle a n i% goes to Vienna, whitee he labours intently on botany, this travels, accompanied by Leopold von Both, nod to what is still permitted to behold the light of day, through &le burg and Styria, but is compelled to renounce the plead exploring Italy. He, however, repairs with his globose brother Vilhelm to Paris, where he forms tho acquaintance of his future travelling companion Boneland ; and in 176 sets out for the court of Madrid to obtain there the poi& bion of travelling through the Spanish oolonies of America. In his eighteenth year he had resolved on visiting the Ane rime continent, and what he had studied anti laboured en up to his thirtieth year he considered es a me re prepare lion for the accomplishment of a greater task. The youth had, indeed, had his fancy fired at first by the splendid and luxuriant vegetation of the pleat world, by the forests of eigantic trees interwoven with limas and the foliage of countless shrubs, by the prculimity of the lofty steppes on the Andes, the boundless extent of the Savanashs of which he subeequentiv traced so vivid a picture in his " Views of Nature." Gradually, however, with h's Mime ing knowledge roar the purely scientific interest, and Rs& boldt commenced his voyage acre& the Atlantic Ocean. The hardy traveller, so carefully preinstrueted, if:versed& mounts end plains of moderaVeni zutheescended th• Orizesee to where It branches off, and thus terms a junction trek the Amazon, explored Guayana, coucaniog which anothst German traveller, Schomburgk, has lately given such vales* contribui ,ns ; he then sailed across the sea to Cobs, fist pearl of the Antilles, then back to the continent Mt* whioh he mounted along the valley of Magdalena up to thl tablee land of the Cordilleras. Thus he scanned the majestic solitudes of Quito, and navigated the coasts of the Patine; he ha. conjure d up for us the deputed merle of the state of the Incas in his life-breathing pictures and true deliese tions • thus be wandered through Mexico and classical detcriLed It, returning then by the United States to Ewer. But while he e as partly editing, partly preparing, his weeks on the new world, he received is 1829 the summons to In* accompanied by Role and Ehrenberg, to Northern ithe and he consequently, at the age of sixty years, visited Siege and the Altai. Humboldt's gigantic work on America comprehends • the large edition 17 volumes in felio and 11 volumes quarto. It treats of the geograpby of plants, of zoology, ma comparative anatomy, astronomy end geognoay ; it remit a physical picture of the tropic regions, and especially owe also of their climatology. It contains views of tee Cordillera, and depicts the old Peruvian monuments, gives a politkel description of Mexico and Cubs as they then wen, and concludes with a general representation nf those mesh that formed an epoch in science, and—if we may use thee* prsesion—which form the point of departure for a ere "soh of of viatorial description," which likewise hes ob Mined its worthiest disciples in Germany : for instance Bpfs and Martha, Poeppig, Scbomburgk, Mayen, Erman, Shrmt berg, Roes, Eiohwald, and DO many more besides. Humboldt his described the Asiatic journey is the kir meats on the climatology of Asi but then wrote a useigh piece of historical research, the "Critical Invade' Lions into the historical development of geographical knowledge respecting the New World, and into the pan' gross of nautical astronomy in the fiftsente and gizmos* Centuries," a book with which we, as (arse our limo knowledge extends, can compare no other fa coreprehatehe erudition. In the German edition of it we wet with the re- mark, that one copy of the whole collection of Humboldt% works on America, in the huge edition, now mete months 10.000 francs, twice as much as the celebrated " Deseripilm of Egypt, " for the publication of which the French gown ment a dvanced 3,000,000 francs; whereas liumboldei voyages, although the 1,300 copperplates, the printing, sad paper, cost 840,000 francs, or man than 42,000 gold Fred* ricks, were brought to completion by the patronage of the public alone. At an age of seventy-four years, when other old wars pose, Humbo:dt began his last work, the Cosmos, the dutch of a physical description of the world, and whice is now else pleted, in the late evening of a busy life—a work, whom* , lines have been portrayed In the soul of the &utile:flotillas° half a century. He wished to delinia'e how everythall that is created on the earth and in celestial specs had to taken up by him into his conception of a physical orieshiA description. With this work, that is also unique in literature, distil* been translated into the language of all civilised nations, the powerful mind wishes to close its booth able scientific career. He has been, we repeat, a nate man during the whole period of his Lite. So prollw' has destiny been to him, that it vouchsafed to him she. ther, who in other departments of genius ail flair', .0 0 " II great, and in many respect' even still mate coneekiffil l than himself. Both brothers, Alexander and IVININ . bound by the strictest friendship to each o:her, have tellan to the perlec.ion of one another. Alexander has sum"' the other, hut the names of both these heroes in science its inseparable from each other for all future time. They fart radiant stars in the bright crown of German science, sag they have diffused the renown and glory of the German name over all the world. DAY OP HUMILIATION.—Yesterday was observed as a day of fasting, humiliation, and prayer in Whiter-herb Mile End, and its vicinity. Every shop ~nd pieced hid' nem was closed, public and eativor houses esclittd Diem service was performed in the different churches and citesh both morning and t 'ening, and the attend nice was sager. cue. The shops and warehouses in Aldeate, Road!. ditch, occupied by the Jews, were likewise elm& being their day ofatonement" or " white far." Despatches were received yesterday at theColosik office from the governors of the North American oo,oniev• I 4e. 4 &a V _. 112 13 121 1 41 RI 111 f 1 2 11 1214 101 10 14 1 7 11 • 111 i Iti P 1 az in T 1