The Express. — London, England, 1866-05-04 00:00:00

TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE. THE GERSIAN AND ITALIAN QUESTIONS. (in ELECTRIC AND INTERNATIONAL TELEGRAPH COMPANY.) (FRO3I Ore OWN CORRESPONDMIT.) VIENNA, MAT 3. The Austrian despatch to the Prussian govern ment on the subject of Schleswig-Holstein is to the following effect :—lt is the duty of both go vernments to put an end to the present dangers. Austria is willing to abide by the London arrange ments. She does not approve the Prussian decision setting aside all claimants to the throne of the duchies, and declaring the rights of Austria and Prussia to be supreme. She would rather act in accordance with clause 5 of the Vienna treaty, in favour of a th ird party. Hitherto Prussia has not stated who is to govern Schleswig • and Holstein. The King of Prussia in his address to the Deputies on Dec. 27, 1863, said that the question was to be decided by the Diet, and in this Austria agieed. She now proposes that both powers should declare themselves ready to transfer all rights enumerated in the Vienna treaty to the claimant whose titles the Diet may consider best. Prussia already has three positions in S chit:swig, be ' sides possessing Lauenburg. This, with other ad vantages, cannot but be considered as a fair com pensation for the war she undertook with Austria. Austria merely asks .for repayment as promised of the expenditure she incurred for the purposes of the war. Should Prussia refuse to agree to the present proposal, Austria will submit the question to the Federal Diet. Holstein, too, must be heard in the matter. (alum's retrain's.) BERLIN, Max 3, Evs.vino. The Official Staatsanzeiger of this evening says " Concurrent intelligence fr( m various quartirs has been received which admits no longer any doubt of the fact that the mobilization of the Aus trian forces, which has been effected by degrees, will shortly be complete. Official reports from the genera! in command of the 6th Prussian army cor ps announce that means for the transport of a large number of troops are daily arriving in Prague. Should this announcement be confirmed it would result that the transport of troops with the view of concentrating an Austrian army upon our fron tiers has already commenced." The rumours that the Prussian army has been mobilized are premature, but it is believed that an increase of the Prussian armaments will now take place immediately. The King and the Crown Prince of Prussia were present at the Council of Ministers which was held this afternoon at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. No Cabinet Council took place yesterday. VIENNA, MAy 3. The railway bridge between Peachiera and Desen zano was yesterday destroyed by the military au thorities, and the trains now only go as far as Peschiera. No railway tickets are issued at Vienna for Italy, BERLIN, MAY 3. A Council of Ministers was held to-day at half past 12 o'clock. Austria is stated to have sent a telegraphic reply to the last Prussian despatch, declaring that she cannot disarm to the extent desired by Prussia. The text of the Austrian reply in writing is expected BERLIN, MAY 3, EVENING. The official Staatsanzeiger of this evening, in an article upon the intention of Austria to refer the question of the Duchies to the decision of the Federal Diet, says : " Prussia will decide for herself with regard to the possessions she has acquired, in common with Austria, by war and by subsequent treaty." MUNICH, MAT 3. Bavaria is said to decline agreeing to the Prus sian proposal that a date should be immediately fixed for the assembling of a German parliament. It is asserted that the Bavarian government de mands that the proposals of Federal reform to be considered should first be notified, since the said parinunent would not be a constituent assembly. FRANCE AND ROME. PARIS, MAY 3. A rumour was current to-day in financial circles that 10,000 French soldiers would shortly be sent to Itoine. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, MAT 3. General Count Nicholas Adlerberg has been nominated Governor-General of Finland. INDIA. (By direct Overland Telegraph.) BOMBAY, APRIL V, 1.56 P.N. Cotton slightly firmer. Dhollerah, 340 r. Ex. change on London, 2s. lgd. Freight, 40s. The latest London date is the 23rd April. CALCUTTA, APRIL 27. 71b grey shirting's, Br. 2a. Indigo depressed. Exchange on London, 2s. 2d. Freights, 455. Four per Cent. Government Securities, 861 ; Five per Cent. ditto, 1011 ; Five and-a-Half per Cent. ditto, 107. THE BANK OF FRANCE. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) PARIS, MAY 3. The following is the return of the Bank of France for the week ending to-day, together with the corresponding figures of tho previous account : May 3. April 26. Fr. c. Fr. e. 182,500,000 0 In,sco,ooo 0 Barron. Capital of the Rank .... Profits in addition to capital (Art. 8, law o 1 June 9, 19:4, Reserve of the Bank and its branches Reserve of landed property Notes in circulation Bank notes to order and receipts payable at sight 7,654,361 24 6,699,970 11 Treasury account—current cre- ditor Current accounts, Parts 91,855,094 54 106,537,584 56 196,808,025 60 165,580,212 65 33,514,576 0 27,899,274 0 838,968 75 885.438 75 11,607,297 35 10,812,607 7 Ditto branch banks Dividends payable Discounts anil sundry Interests Re-discount...l the last di mouths 2,074,992 92 2,074,092 92 lturplus of receipts not dlstri . , buted Sundries 15,440,930 59 8,690,209 25 1,17111129,0i8 15 1.431,879,100 37 April 19. April M. Fr. e. Fr. CREDITOR. Cash in hand and in branch banks Commercial bills overdue Commercial bills discounted, not yet due 322,410,891 48 303.288. 8 33 78 Ditto branch banks 308,7.1,087 0 294,2E0799 0 Advances on deposits of bullion 5,274.900 0 4.221,400 0 Ditto branch banks 12,079,500 0 11,202,700 0 Advances on French public se curities Ditto branch banks Advances on railway shares 655,889,689 0 617,673,868 12 214,345 82 839,004 60 12,560,400 0 12,071,500 0 6,190,700 0 6,064.900 0 and debentures I)Itto branch banks Advances on Credit hioncier 82.445,500 0 31,402,800 0 20,277,600 0 19,967,600 0 597,600 0 602,000 0 451,100 0 447,900 0 Bonds Ditto branch banks Advances to the State .conven than 10th June, 1657 Government stock reserve 12,980,750 14 12,960,7 5 0 14 Ditto disposable 36,171,987 91 36,171,987 91 Rentes immobilisees ;law 2nd June, 1857 Flatland furniture of the bank& Expenses of management Sundries 8,436,074 0 5,434,874 0 1,489,250 34 1,209,027 6 14,396,322 46 14,072,886 86 1.479.A29.048 15 1,434,879,190 37 Cereal:led by the Senator Governor of the Bank of France. iß~Nedi /I.ooLann. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. M. ROUHER'S SPEECH. (711031 Ova OWN 00111t1SPONDNNT.) PARIS. TuresDAT EVININO. The debate in the Corps Legislatif to-day on the bill for the annual contingent of 100,000 men was opened, not as was expected by M. Thiers or M. Gsrnier-Paes, but by the Minister of State in person. M. Rouher said : The bill relative to the contingent has appeared to some members of this assembly to furnish a natural opportunity for discussion on the a ff airs of Germany. It is the opinion of the government that it could not accept this discussion to-day without exposing itself to many and serious inconveniences. But at a mo ment when rumours of war prevail in Europe and cause immense anxiety in the public mind, it is the duty of the government to make known to the Corps Legislatif and to the country the character of the policy which it has pur sued, what is its present attitude towards Germany, and, more especially, what is its situation in regard to Italy. This duty I am here to fulfil by a declaration, the brevity of which will not exclude clearness and precision. (Cheers.) The policy of the imperial government in the question of the duchies has been invariably pacific. While controlling any observations it might think fit to make by considerations of its own per sonal dignity, and the susceptibilities of powers with which it stands in friendly relations, it has from the first, ea in the succeeding phases of the conflict at Copenhagen, London, Vienna, and Berlin, always given prudent and moderate counsels. It continues with as much energy as ever to protect the peace of Europa against regrettable conflicts. By what singular contradiction could it be possible that the imperial government should lay itself out to develop public prosperity at home, to mark its progress by an international exhibition, sad at the same time be indifferent to dangers which may arise abroad from the conflict of rival passions ? (Cheers.) Our efforts in favour of peace are therefore only limited by our firm determination not to saddle France with any obligation—(applause)—and to reserve our liberty of action towards the hostile powers in conflict. In these questions which neither affect the honour, the dignity, or the direct interest of our country, was it not the duty of the Em peror's government to declare its pacific tendencies, to respect and to practice the rules of a loyal and sincere neutrality, and consequently to remain in the face of complicated events, free to act? Accordingly it has resolved to make no other use of this liberty than in order to accomplish an easy mission to protect the grandeur and security of France against all comers. Special duties were imposed upon us in regard to a nation with which we have traditional sympathies, reinforced by recent military confraternity. Italy may think herself called upon to intervene actively in the conflict threatened between Austria and Pruasia. Every nation is the judge of its own interests. We cannot pre tend to dictate to Italy, who is free to act as she pleases, because she alone is re-ponsible. (Applause.) But the interest which we all have forces us to a categorical explanation with her. Now, Italy knows, from our reiterated declarations, that as we deprecate any attack upon her by Austria, we are fully resolved to leave Italy at her own risk and peril in case of her making any attack upon Austria. (Cheers.) The declaration of the government is, therefore, summed up in three lines—a pacific policy ; loyal neutrality ; an entire liberty of action. The government is confident that this line of conduct, which maintains our complete independence, and which relieves us from responsibility, is conformable to Judie* and truth, and that on these grounds it will de serve the approbation of the chamber and the country. M. Thiers spoke after M. Rouher, and I am told by a friend in the Chamber whom I happened to meet at the moment of the breaking up of the sitting, that he reproached the government with having implicitly countenanced an aggrandisement of Germany, contrary to all the traditions and all the interests of France. It would have been easy, he argued, for France to have remonstrated effec tually with Prussia, either strongly or politely. The present government has taken neither one course nor the other. The result of the debate so much looked for is quite unimportant. The 100,000 men were voted with a barren expression of opinion by the chamber that peace might be pre served ; but, and this is the observation which I echo from a deputy, not a word was spoken in the debate to give any hope that war would not occur. As to M. Rouher's speech, it speaks for itself. I can see in it not a word inconsistent with the general belief that war is coming, and that France, of course " reserving her liberty of action," will take a great part in it. The Bourse has been better, owing, I rather think, to false reports of the tenor of M. Rouher's speech. Bente rose 40c. and 42ic., closing at 65fr. 15c. and 65fr. 2t/c. Italian rose 85c. Othe r securities were rather lower than otherwise. PRUSSIA AND FEDERAL REFORM. (REUTER'B LXPRTAR,) The text of the circular forwarded by Prussia to the various Federal governments upon the reform question is as follows : Berlin : April 27: - . The committee of nine, which has to submit our motion of the 9th inst., for the commencement of Federal reform by the convocation of a parliament, to the decision of the Federal Diet, was appointed upon the 26th inst., and it is now requisite to hasten the determination of this prelimi nary question. While the urgency of reform has long been recognised upon all sides, and while the necessity of parliamentary co-operation in Federal reform can scarcely be seriously disputed, we find in the declarations of various govern ments, at the sitting of the Diet, on the 21st April, and in other quarters, the view that an agreement should be arrived at as to the material aspect of the reform question between the governments before the convocation of a par liament is decided. We are expected to lay our entire plan of reform before the committee, and one government goes so far as even to make the commencement of the action of the committee dependent upon such a communication. In face of this view, the realization of which would be equivalent to setting aside every serious attempt at re form, we must call attention to the fact that, according to our motion and the Federal resolution of the 21st inst., the task of the committee of nine is not the consideration of the reform proposals to be laid before the parliament, but to report whether or not the Diet should resolve upon the convocation of a popular representation chosen by direct election to deliberate upon Federal reform. We shall lay our reform proposals before our Federal allies as soon as the assembly of the parliament at a de. finite period is secured. At the sittings of the committee we shall be able to state the departments of political life to which our proposals will extend. They are chiefly questions referring to the security of the highest objects of the confederation, which have already been the subject of the most exhaustive examination, and therefore render agreement possible at a definite date. In order to attain this object we shall be willing to touch merely upon the most essential questions, as the success of the attempt at reform appears to us best promoted by that course. But we do not anticipate an agreement of the govern ments as to the spirit and letter of the proposals unless a preliminary term is fixed, with the prospect of the co operation of that united and national element comprised in popular representation. After the experiences of recent years with regard to attempts at reform, we consider the fact quite indubitable that, except in the self-imposed necessity contained in the previous appointment of a fixed term for the opening of the parliament no likelihood whatever exists of an agreement of the governments upon even the most essential points of reform. We are certainly not single in this conviction, which is justified by the most striking facts. Even the dangers which threatened the Confederation from without have not afforded sufficient motives to bring about even the first steps of the urgently necessary reform of the Federal war constitution, which Prussia has repeatedly and energeti cally advocated for nearly 40 years. And even within the last 10 years, in face of the constantly threatening Danish war, delibe rations upon the coast defence and flotilla ques tions, in which, owing to Prussia's readiness to make sacri fices, nothing but positively trifling assistance was re quired from her Federal allies, have lingered without any prospect of result from 18.59 until now, despite all our endeavours at the Diet and with the governments. The appointment of the period for the opening of par liament before the commencement of the deliberations of the governments upon the reform proposals is the essence of our motion of April 9. The rejection of this question is tantamount to the virtual rejection of the serious con sideration of Federal reform. Your excellency will be good enough not to leave the government to which you have the honour to be accre dited in any doubt as to this our view of the matter.— Reoeive, &c. (Signed) Vox Bismexec. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, MAY 4, 1566• ITALY. of importunate applicants. There is a little bit, some half dozen square miles or so, of Italian ter ritory in the mountains above the valley of Aosta, in the immediate neighbourhood of the passage of the Great St. Bernard, which is almost victual in French territory, and the acquisition of which would be a real rectification of frontier for France. France has often wished to possess this remote corner of mountain and rock. And it is possible that the "something" in the mind of the Italian statesman might be this infinitessimal fragment of Italian soil. But if this were ever said orproposed, or hinted, it was, as I have said, by a man who is no longer a member of the government. Our latest news this morning coming from Venetia is, that the Austrian army there has been I increased to 200,000 men, and that it is the belief of the Austrian officers there that an attack by Austria on Italy is imminent. If Austria is anxious, as many suppose, to begin the war in Germany, without having the responsibility of being the first to violate the Federal compact, she may think that an attack on Italy, on the pretext of the warlike preparations of Italy, may have, as it very probably would have, the effect of accomplish ing this. P.S. I see it stated by some of your contempo raries that General Prim is supposed to be in Cata lonia. This may be very true. But meanwhile the fact is that he is in Florence, where he has been received with much cordiality and friendliness by men of mark of every party. 'oaox °ma elm cosszsPoirrocrro FLORENCE, APRIL 29. We hear that "things are looking more peaceful at Berlin and Vienna;' but we know that it is a crying of peace where there is no peace ; and those little shiftings of the political weathercock pro duced by the light baffling gales of diplomacy pro duce little effect on our minds. Italy feels that, let the question of morality be what it may as regards the other governments, who are meditating the crime of plunging Europe into war for the sake of causes which ought to be utterly insufficient to produce any such effect, she at least is acting rightly and righteously in the matter. However necessary it may be for others to strive to cast the blame and the responsibility of what may be about to happen from each on his neighbour, so as to escape the condemnation of European public opinion, she has no such necessity. She may say openly, in face of all governments and all men, that she wishes for war for an object which must be held in the minds of all men to be one of the few that can justify it, and only to leave as questionable, not the uprightness of her conduct, but its prudence. We do wish war, as the only means of rescuing our brothers from the hands of the oppressor, and rendering our own national existence possible and prosperous. We wish it so much, that in the opinion of many—l think I may say of most men here—the near prospect of what is so ardently desired has inflamed the national mind to such a pitch, that Italy may be tempted to seize the object, even failing the condition on which it'was first made to depend. Such an event would be strictly in accordance with the ordinary course of human conduct. A coveted object is held out to a man as attainable under certain circumstances that seem almost sure to be realised. His impatience for the possession of it is stimulated to the utmost. The hypothecated circumstances fail, or delay toj become accomplished facts. But the hope delayed which maketh the heart siek has irritated the longing of the expec tant, till his desire has become uncontrollable, and he determines on attempting to satisfy it even without the conditions, on which he at firstadinitted that it must depend. This seems likely enough to become a' tolerably accurate exposition of the present position and course of Italy. War rumours of all sorts abound ; and are of course carefully denied as fast as they arise. And it is exceedingly difficult, and perhaps hardly worth while to attempt to o trace the degree of truth that may attach to each of these. A regiment has been ordered to march in such for such a direction. Ah ! But look. It is only a part of movements usual at this time of year. The government has spent such and such large sums in war material. Tubh ! The head of the clothing? department declares that it is only so many francs less, and that the purchases are needed to make up for non-purchases last year, and to keep the stocks at their usual level, &c. Certain it is that many men in positions likely to have an inkling of coming events do expect that come what may between other powers, Italy is on the eve of striking a blow for Venice on her own account. This is what any active observer here could tell you. Of course all such intention is jealously kept secret. Of course it would be mere treason to let facts on such a subject be known, which can be kept secret. And if I were able to tell you as a certaini fact that the Italian govern ment meant to go to war within a fortnight, and thought that Europe would believe my statement, may wish to put efeather in my cap as your corre spondent would assuredly not suffice to induce me to do Italy so great an evil as to divulge the secret. RUSSIA. (TROIS OUR CORRESPONDENT.) ST. PETERSBURG, Apart. 27. Since the wretched man who fired at the Emperor has proved beyond all doubt to be a Russian, born and bred—and with a dash of the Tartar in him— public attention has been very strongly directed to the state of politica and parties at home. The word " conspiracy " is in everybody's mouth, and the fact of wide and dangerous disaffection has been suddenly and generally accepted, before any evidence whatever, beyond that of the attempt at assassination, has been produced to warrant such a conclusion. It is certainly true that the Moscow Gazette has been crying " treason " ever since the Polish insurrection revealed the " something rotten in the State ;" but the public outside a small circle in the old city have been incredulous, and have been wont to attribute M. Katkoff's continued denunciations to political querulousness, to per sonal animosity against members of the govern ment, and generally to a brain over-excited by the difficulties and dangers which Russia surmounted in the Polish question. He never ceased to cry "Wolf !" and yet no wolf ever made his appearance, and so the Moscow Gazette was almost unheeded, while not unfrequently it raised a smile. The public had almost forgotten all the unhealthy symptoms which appeared in the body politic be_ tween the date of the present Emperor's accession and the shedding of blood in Poland. Where, indeed, are those seditious proclamations and those riotous students ? Where was the influence of M. Herten I—his Belt was no longer heard. In lieu of these had there nut been addresses of loyalty and patriotism from every part of this vast empire 1 Is it not still the theory that the State was saved from foreign aggression by the manifestation of a patriotic feeling which seemed unbounded and unreserved i Even yesterday the Moscow Gazette published reflections to the following purport: The last three years have been a great blessing to the Russian people, whose powers have been vivified and raised. The nightmare which oppressed them and the poison that ran through their veins have both disappeared. Gradually things returned to a Among the rumours, however, which may be mentioned is one which was rife in the Chamber natural condition ; a mighty feeling of patriotism caused the evil spirit to be quieted ; the actions of that spirit had either to be abandoned or more artfully concealed ; and common sense resumed its sway. The previous state of public opinion has the same relation to its present condition as a lunatic asylum has to the natural order of things in human society. Masses of the Russian youth who once learnt by heart the Ku/okt)/ and the productions of German thinkers, such as Buchner, Max Stier ner, and Feierbach, translated and lithographed for the use of seminaries and gymnasia, have freed themselves from the infection, and become right minded and practical men. "But it is natural," continues the Moscow Gazette, "that some of them, more strongly infected than the rest, still linger in the loathsomeness of their nihilism, and the more so since the causes of the evil remain in full force, and continue to act, though far more carefully and silently. These are no longer giddy striplings, with perverted ideas ; they are men that are entirely lost, and that are ready to be the instruments of every abomination. They can be trained by evil machi nators to do the work both of incendiaries and yesterday, that Ricasoli is likely to be Prime Minister, in substitution for La Marmots, whose seassins." The picture here drawn appears correct enough, although it requires some explanation. All the denunciations of the Moscow Gazette are repro duced in the phrase which mentions the influence of a certain description of literature—it means nothing more nor less than that the " causes still at work" proceed from the Minister of Public Instruction. This accusation against the old foe of the Moscow Gazette will, to say the least, appear illiberal to those who see no danger in studying the literature of every political sect, and it would scarcely arrest attention were it not for the appearance of an ukase in the Russian Invalid this morning, to the effect that Mr. Golow nin, Minister of Public Instruction, has been superseded by Count Tolstoy, Procurator of the Synod. The minister had long been tottering, but it has probably been hitherto considered unwise to strengthen the position of the Moscow Gazette by his disgrace. The appointment, however, of General Mouravieff to the presidency of the Con spiracy Commission, and the triumph of M. Kat koff in the matter of the avertissement given to his journal, rendered M. Golownin's position unte nable, and he is consequently replaced by Count Tolstoy, a personal enemy. The terms of the dis missal contain no gracious intimation to the effect that the minister had offered his resignation, and although a seat at the Imperial Council has been granted to him, the appointment is merely hono rary, and takes but little edge off his disgrace. But lam straying from the point. Is there, or is there not, a wide-spread and dangerous con spiracy in Russia ? That is the question. The Mos cow Gazette appears to consider the evil to be limited to a few inveterate nihilists, incited by machinators, under whom M. Katkoff probably implies the Poles, and their allies, the revolutionists of Europe. He finds evidence of this in the fact that certain newspapers abroad had spoken of coming troubles in Russia some time before the attentat of the 16th April. tnauthenticated reports that the attempt on the life of the Emperor had been pre dicted in certain circles have for the last week been actively spread and generally believed. The police of St. Petersburg, it is said, had been warned by anonymous letters that the Emperor would be in danger on the IGth April ; but Prince Dolgorouki, chief of the secret police, who has also been die- THE ADULLAMITES AND THE FtEpo --- " Rx missed, was unwilling to communicate such intelli- QUESTION. gence to the Emperor, believing that he was safe enough under the, eyes of his agents. There are stories, too, of at least a hundred young men who tied from the Summer Garden as soon as the shot had missed. Two nihitiet women were over heard to ask of a suspicious looking man escaping past them—" Is he killed 1" To which the reply was " Non, manque." I could relate many anec dotes of the same kind, one probably as unfounded as the other, but all combining to prove that the public believe in a conspiracy. It is beyond a doubt that General Mouravieff shares such an opinion, and the official promise given in the Invalid that a strict inquiry into Karakozoffs connexion with "societies aiming at the subversion of the established order of the state," confirms the conclusion that the general's opinions are shared by other members of the government, and by the Emperor himself. And yet, as I have said before, there are no out ward and visible signs of a conspiracy. The government and the public, in recognising the existence of a plot, would appear, in the absence of any published evidence, to have merely assumed the fact, or to have deduced it from the prevalence of a certain amount of nihilism. To the uninitiated, or perhaps superficial student of public affairs in this country, all that appears on the surface is a certain malaise, or undefined yearning after some thing, which testifies more of the unripeness than the maturity of things, and in which there appears no symptoms of disloyalty. Bummed up in a few words, the questions that cause this malaise in Russia Proper are as follows :—"The money market is very' tight,' and the rouble in our pocket is about 25 per cent. less in value than it pretends to be : the Treasury wants money for the public service, and cannot get it, even by means of a loan on the lottery system. Trade suffers, and capital won't come in to the country for the construction of rail roads and the improvement of agriculture." As regards class aspirations, the nobles are trying, quite legitimately, to obtain a concession in favour of representative institutions. They have availed themselves of the recent event to urge on the Emperor the necessity of countervailing the en croachments of democracy and socialism, by strengthening the position of the aristocracy. The peasantry are perfectly tranquil and contented, although it is much feared that famine awaits them in several parts of Russia, owing to bad harvests and a decrease in production ; they are getting accustomed to their duties under the new system of rural administration, and begin to feel the extent of their power, while they somewhat grudge the expense which their self government entails. As for a middle class, there is none to speak of. The merchants, the inferior civil and military officers, and the " nihilists," may, to some extent, come under such a denomination, although the officers and the " nihilists" will be angry enough at being grouped with merchants, who are not noble but plebeian like their "lesser brethren." All the merchants seem to care for just now is, protection, and further issues of incon vertible paper. They care nothing for repre sentative government, and only want to be left in peace. The Tchinovinka are a class that I do not much like to praise at the present moment, for there is much in common between them and the " ni hilists." The younger officers of the army are also infected with crude, wild theories respecting so ciety and its government, but not, I am induced to believe, with disloyalty. But there is another estate in the realm—the press, which has been discussing public affairs very freely since the new law. Warnings have been given to journals that ad vocated socialist and other pernicious doctrines ; the Moscow Gazette has fought the government, and triumphed ; and the day before yesterday, the St. Petersburg Gazette received a second warning, for an absurd article in which the preservation of the Emperor bya peaaantwaa held up as a proof that his Majesty should rely on his people, as the officers of government were evidently worthless, not having done what Kommiaaaroff did. The Emperor was summoned by the Gazette to be a " Zemski Czar" —a Czar of those who are not " serving men." A milder attempt at sowing dissension between a sovereign and his administration could not possibly have been made. But General Mouravieff declares that a conspi racy exists, and we must wait patiently until the commission over which he presides is in a position to divulge the evidence. n' (From the Daily Nev a ). SINCE the division of Saturd a y morning the organs of the Adullamites have ag ree d to sane,. ledge the desirableness of improvi ng t h e occasion to settle the Reform qu es ti on. wi . grudging their leaders the opportunity of notincing a reduction of the Fr anc hi se, or proaching them for having wasted so much of public niay tune in regret Parliament tha theyt in did lreu we not arrive their present convictions a month or two The necessity which they now profess to • was explained and enforced by Mr. GT....limn the second week of March ; we should in like to know when it became apparent to th e I " Liberal " opponents of the Franchise Bill, I A to how many of them it is apparent now. Th al who have been taunted on former occasions wit their credulity in believing similar prof ession s reel be excused if they are at present a little seep** The hypocrisy of self-styled Liberals has been reit i a matter of cynical exultation, and Haunted i n t h faces of sincere Reformers so often that we sh e * be exceedingly weak to go in raptures over th first fair words that happen to be spoken. , - - The professions which it is now thought p O 4, to make are anonymous and impersonal ; we only know whether they are sincere when m em b ail of Parliament come forward to adopt them, Ri can well understand that many of the dwellers the Cave find themselves very inconvenised i lodged in this shifty weather. A scrip with herbs and fruit supplied And water from the spring, is no doubt wholesome diet for a brief , treat, and we hope that when the A s hi lamites reappear they will be all the hesisSit for the change. But there are signs the some of them feel that their sequestratice hs lasted too long, and they want to get beck s a table and a fireside. It matters mole I , them than it can do to anyone else bos they make the transit ; but they must Ws it soon, or find themselves finally do out. There are no insurmountable difficulties' the case of chose of their number who have give silent votes ; but what they are to do who hie made speeches does not clearly appear. The t s " is indisputable that the secession, headed by I t Lowe and Mr. HOHSMAY, did nut take place e any matter of petty detail, but was dictated Is downright and implacable hostility to the psi ciple of the reduction of the franchise as kerbs to democracy. Not only those gentlemen, la Mr. LAING and Lord ELCHO, the two mulles , the brotherhood next in importance to ibex opposed the Bill on the same grounds. ViSs would be the value of any settlement of Reform which these gentlemen could actively participate! If the truth must be spoken, we suspect tie this new cry simply signifies that the inure az* ; of the enemies of reform, perceiving that le 0 GitosveNea and his followers have shot their without hitting the mark, now want to obtain 1 insidious devices that which they could not get I open assault. Mr. GtanstoNt's solidity firmness has been proof against their vehe and foiled their plans. By half-past three Saturday morning they had brought things to II pass at which they had good reason to be 'rived. No set of men ever looked inure t ; than they would have done if Earl Russell Mr. GLADSTONE, thinking less of the inters* the country, had retired from office and left GROSVENOR with Lord STANLEY, Mr. Lost, Mr. LAINO to faCi; the country with the di • • list in their hands. Thanks to the public spiriti the Government, they have been saved from * difficulties of that position, and no doubt the have learned a lesson which will keep them fro tempting fate again just at present. The alters tive device just now in favour appears to be profess friendship for reform. But let it be served how this friendship is shown. The first mention of theirimproved dispeeitionis • with appeals to the Government to sacrifice characteristic features of its own Bill. We told that there is no virtue ill political figures, ell that for Ministers to talk of standing by i 71. franchise in boroughs and a 11 franchise in counties would be to WO to coerce the House of Commons and to MO the prospects of reform. This is the old** , liar voice with a mere change of accent Its true there is no virtue in figures, but there* great deal of virtue in the reasons for which on set of figures is preferred to another. If the Bil now before Parliament were a wide-sweeping mss sure—if it had been prepared by a body of Re dicahs who had somehow got possession of th government, and with whom it was necessary II I come to the best possible transaction in order b avoid worse evils—there would be some ressoak talking of a compromise. But the Bill I itsi the result and expression of a compromise. gives less to the people than Lord Apra= Lord HERBERT, Sir JAMES GRAHAM, and lite PALMERSTON were ready and actually proposed fo give. In counties it gives less than lasi DERBY offered. It has been brought it by an Administration which includes embed members of the aristocracy and amp'y r° presents the moderate section of the Lae; party. To reject it is to rejects compute" which has been deliberately prepared by * Government, and accepted, not enthusisetical l Y but nevertheless cheerfully and in a reasonable spirit, by those who had good reason to erPi g more. It is suggested that the Government tali well consent to raise the qualification proPoBol.. its Bill. But look at the facts. It is calculOw that the measure, as it stands, would ' two hundred thousand members of the wO classes. The change that is required to plea the Adullarnites would be made at the ego* of that small number of persons. Consider* that there are five millions of adult nudes the country, and only one in six of that is directly represented, does it appear so extraordinary a thing that Government shall propose to admit an additional two hundred tbo l : sand of the working classes to the privilege d voting 4 And would any arrangement inspire o on fidence as a settlement of Reform which pro oool on the assumption that even that small oddities was too dangerous to be permitted 'I The question answers itself. Before the Goern sent could accept the suggestion now made, would have to confess that Mr. LAING'S fears eM Mr. LowE's antipathies were well founded, so! that it had made a great mistake in attemptiaks' deal with the question of Reform. But the 0 0 : vernment, we are persuaded, will do nothing the kind. It will stand by its own moderate re, posals, and the country will stand by it, and OM the Bill has been passed those who now cm the Government by their hesitation and di° 6l ; will acknowledge, at least to themselve s' Ministers took the only course by which a Iva and troublesome agitation could be ended. THE CHOLERA AMONG THE GERMAN EMIGRANTS PROM LIVERPOOL.—We understand that the directors of the National Steam Navigation Company held a meeting yesterday at their offices in Liverpool, at which a resolution was adopted to put a stop to the conveyance of foreign steerage passengers between Liverpool and North America. This company last year carried upwards of 37,000 steerage passengers without any casualty. In the cases of cholera which have occurred the emigrants have, it is said, brought the .Needs of the disease with them from the conti nent, and these have developed into active mis chief when the vessels have been midway across the Atlantic. There was no suspicion when the emigrants who went by the England and Virginian were originally shipped at Liverpool that they were in any way affected ; but in future the most rigorous precautions will be adopted both by the National and the other steam companies. One of the emigrants attacked at Liverpool on Tuesday died on Wednesday evening at the workhouse. She was the wife of a German named Schawrnberg. Another man named Petersen, also at the workhouse, died yesterday morning. Its feared that there are several other cases which have not yet come under the attention of the authorities. The Helvetia, which left Liver pool on Wednesday for New York, has been com pelled to put back with cholera on board amongst the German passengers. It appears that government has now issued a prohibition against German emigrants arriving in this country unless they have undergone a satisfactory me dical inspection. Intimation of this has been sent to foreign ports. It appears that before the Helvetii' sailed from Liver pool one or two German passengers were sent ashore in cone . quence of showing dangerous symptoms, but when the ves sel went to sea all the passengers were apparently healthy. She had scarcely arrived at Queenstown before the disease broke out, and two men had died when she reached that place. Admiral Ker refused to allow the steamer to enter the harbour, on the ground that there were no facilities for accommodating the sick and grappling with the disease. He ordered the vessel back to Liverpool. The Helvetia will most likely arrive on Saturday afternoon, and the local authorities are preparing to put her in quarantine. The health committee are taking rigorous measures for a com plete supervision of the German lodging houses in the town, which it appears have been greatly overcrowded. TRIAL BY JURY.—At a meeting of the Council of the Corporation of London, held yesterday, a resolution was unanimously passed to petition both houses of parlia ment in support of the bill (which is now before the House of Commons) to declare the right of trial by jury in petitions for dissolution of marriage under the act of 1857, and in petitions under the Legitimacy Declaration Act of 1858. The resolution was moved by Mr. John Richardson, common councilman, seconded by Mr. R. N. Phillips, common councilman. Mr. Richardson having explained, in a clear and exhaustive manner, the high national importance of the subject in relation to the rights and liberties of Englishmen, expressed a hope that the Common Serjeant, Mr. T. Chambers, Q.C., who his charge of the bill in parliament, would explain its legal bearing. Mr. Chambers did so in a lucid speech, stating that the bill (prepared by the jurisprudence depart ment of the Social Science Association) is declaratory, not enactive ; that its object is to declare on behalf of the English people, that the common law confirmed by magus charts and many subsequent statutes, was not incidentally and silently repealed in 1857 or 1858, and to affirm that the legislature never vested or intended to vest a discretion in the judge of the Divorce Court (unknown at any time to any other court in this country) himself to determine without a jury, contested questions of fact conclusively affecting legitimacy, nationality, claims to citizeurhipa, lands or titles, and conflicting interests between crown and subject. This important bill will be reed a second time next Tuesday. CRYSTAL PALACIL 01C1 SHILLING D ; AY:" THURSDAY, MAY 3. — Admissions on par 4 en 1 4 1,465 by season tickets, 898 ; total visitors, 2363. services would be required elsewhere in case of Some little time since, on some deputy war. asking in the Chamber whether we were on the eve of war, La Marmora replied, " If we were, I should not be here." The difficult position of Austria between Prus sia and Italy is very strongly illustrated by Prussia's last demand in connexion with the pro posed simultaneous disarmament. "We will both disarm, yes ;!but mind," says Prussia, "you are to disarm altogether, in Venetia as well as in Ger many, otherwise your armaments there pushed to any extent on the plea of menace from Italy may be an effectual menace to us." And how is Austria to replyto this? It is to be remembered, also, that without necessarily supposing any formal alliance between',Prussia and Italy, quarrel between Austria and Italy may be Prussia's opportunity, as well as quarrel between Austria and Prussia Italy's oppor tunity. _ _ Another report is, that two proposals have been made to Garibaldi—the first, a full general's com mission in the regular army, with a large part in the conduct of the war ; or permission to enrol a body of volunteers, and to operate within certain understood limits independently. It is added that, as might be supposed, the military hermit of Caprcra has chosen the latter alternative. Upon the whole, I think that Italy means to fight. Of course, if she does, she will do so with the good wishes of all in Europe whose good wishes are best worth having. But what as to their opinion of her prudence T I think that it is rash to pronounce an unfavourable opinion on this point so readily as some, who are undeniably Italy's well-wishers, are inclined to do. If it is necessary to be in the inmost secrets of this cabinet to know with any degree of authority whether war is intended or not, it would be necessary to know the moat jealously concealed intention of several cabinets to judge this question aright. Alas, for the blind obstinacy of Austria! What a card she might have played, nay, might play even ' yet, if she could read the times aright, rise to the courage to do what is right and wise, undeterred by the coward's fear of being thought to be afraid, and frankly made Italy her friend and surest ally. I wrote to you the other day an indignant denial of the rumour that Italy was prepared to cede, or had contemplated the possibility of negotiating on the base of consenting to cede, to France either Sar dinia or any portion of the Ligurian coast as the price of her assistance in the matter of Venice. And I am well assured that I accurately expressed the sentiments of the existing Italian cabinet. But I have reason to think that it maybe possible that a former cabinet, in which a statesman no longer holding office held a prominent place, made some sort of admission to the French Emperor that, in case, by his assistance, Venice should be secured . to Italy, some rectification of frontier might rea sonably be expected by France. I believe that, if any such admission were made, it was at the same time explained to the French government that it was wholly out of the question to talk of Sardinia, or any part of the Ligurian coast, but that something might perhaps be done— one of those vaguepromisesof "doing something for you if we can," with which men try to rid themselves The socie of ReligL snaherwirY There was popietY he ld She presidenc binilira ittee P paktY a oile r • baring Pr° K eTious Peru I , hive bel • parse of ev Doss Bill w or d Tea )oolorstion qua lity Wen 7 h ura li-rate ? ,;may taxa (;digratulato __ lees in I - untioul i oa taong, d yp work. and th he report c regard to Abject. Th prith much e 'ablutions katched, lentimis of pt the churc At the e platform be LP., Mr. Miam+, A 8. Afiall, ! : 1. 0 Slot urt, 1 The CHM ormation ttee pre eating on C,caumons the soc ntion to rais4 II I i~ lath.) ef et fl Vh lithe and tionNi .1 in to