The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-02 00:00:00

S —__ -.---------- ACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY, EXETER -1 HALL.—THIS ITERINO (Wednesday!, Uee. 2, 5546, wilt be retsated HARM'S ORATORIO, SOLOMON. l'Aselpal Vaud PerilleMele —Mill ilimit, We Mimi Williams, Mr. 1 &6 8 1:11r1 to ....i., et above 500 Perbilken. Se. earit; Beeermil WM^ 6e., may be ebbitaed of the Modoediers ; of Mr. Dewier, 63, Ousinsiles; Mr. .ame; mad at Mr. Ries, 101, lizeter-han.lS, Chadart THOMAS BRllia l tesV ie OLOSSEUM. ALTERATIO N of ' NOTICE.—Tbe liabatty sad =akia:: reopsettallp biemed that the atmospherie Abets in amp Paseesma el Lesdea by Might will takeVikerwmabaSlisfar. Mode boa II W i n n er ° II till mut-pastill. sestimaeL ibeDdir sad MIEUBITIONS estopMee the Mama et Leedom by pay,__asd tire sow mad merrelhise Pacentera et Lemdem NM%ki , i le • 31 ca, dt lisabOokera= Whir Aabui damp. aalie nisi lesesearbe Nam Sins Mimi. awl Risleeßds Weisel are. Olen ken Wag and 7 MR yeet 10.--/seedsl foamy tickets w tie toot asdeodoede, at b. ark may be hallatesOmbeisa freet fritall4, aid st tbe arbrairod Mamie Woodmmeas owl The whole PwdasidillPsa r• 11161611.11• ()YAL POLYTEurtr(iz"--C INSITUTION. A 11. , DT PERMISSION.—PROFESSOR SCIDENDEIN'S GUN COTTON. Meting hem all other spechnens recently before the pub lic,. is lectured cw. with other Explosive Compounds, by Dr. Ryan, daily, at balt.pest These; NM on the Evenings of Monday, Wednes days, and Fridays. Tbs m-MM* of ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH demonstrated tedd bya• Prlleaserer. The Oxyhydrogen and Opaque Itieroseopes : the Pbysioseope ; Diving Experiments ; the Dissolving Views. by Marius death, &a—Admission, Is.; Schools T RU WREATHE ALLUItur PROMENADE CONCERTS.— LAST WEEK BUT ONE.— tils I.:VENU (Weduesday,) Dec. 2. Programme :—Orerture, Peppo : Polka, La Viennosse • Operatic Selections, Les Huguenot& by M. Dixon and his four torsi, on the Sax Horns ; Yew Quadrille, the 1640treedar ; Song, Mrs. Bull, "Scenes that are brightest ;" Polka, Victoria-Albert ; Vocal Trio, Down amoog the dead men," by Mears. H., T., and W. Main; Fantasia, Harp, Mr. F. Chatterton ; plain's Military Quadrille. Part IL :—Operatio Selection from Dan Q uixote ; Polka, Elfin; Vocal Duct, 'We eome to Mee, Savoy, the Misses Williams; Fantasia, Violoncello, Mr. Reed ; Quadrille, Night Dancers ; Finale . Fr. Diarolo. Co nductor, M. ftri; Leaders, Mews. Thirlwall and Thomas.—Pit Promenade and Upper Boxes, Is.; Dress Circle, 2.5. 6d.; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. and Its. Application to be made at the Box-Mike. -4fr' I IlrrlSO, MAILS. Tbo overland made for Gibraltar, Aloha, Greece, the lonian Wanda, Aden, Ceylon, India, Doug-Kong, and China, via Southampton, Wri t e made up on the morning of the 3rd er a (Decemb to-snorrow). The rink for British North America . Bermuda, the United States, will be made up on the ever:ll3g of the 3d December. The mails for the Braille, the River Piste, Monte Video, PRIMO bOOO, Bahia, Ma tetra, and Buenos Ayres, will be dispatched on the mining of the 4th December. The overland closed nealLe,_ via Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt Aden, Ceylon. India, Hong Kong, tth., will be made up on the wreining of the 7th December. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, wM be made up on the morning of the 13th December. The made , or New South W.des, Van Diemen'. Land, and Ne w Zealand will be made up on the evening of the Met December. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Ws cannot notice, in any way, any commun ication that is sent to no anonymously: but those wbo choose to address nein oonfidenoe will end their confidence respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO Eel URN ANY MANUSCRIFTB WHATEVER. The lady who, in reference to oar mode of announcing marriages. expre-seo ouch strong opinions with such weak Ink that we been cannot decipher her signature, will perceive that her wi wishes have complied with. •.• Advertisements Intended lbr The Erprese, Labdall OM*, paper, mast be at the O a by Two o'clock on the day et publicatim. MGR WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. t Morning, 57 min. past 0; Aftensool4 20 min- peat 1 . Tai TOaLOlLL9W.—ltorning, 44 min. past 1; Aftermooo, 4 mla. pat 2. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 2. Ova remarks, the other day, upon the difficulties r . which beset the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, id which rendered it unli kel y that he could grapple, .3 session, with any of those great consumption ,elex ies, which stand foremost as sources of revenue, wen •by no means intended to deprecate or preclude tions in minor items. The recent reforms of the rednc lave left many discrepancies, perceived only in the wt rking, and have pointed the way to other changes: obviously supplementary, from which the a mec ai, p• of the Exchequer need not shrink. The exc i se shi. uld now principally attract the attention of fiscal refor, ners, especially those less important articles, the high psi ce of which obstructs the fulfilment and pro =of the t sanatory and educational reform which jou , ItussEci. has announced as the first business of tht • opening session. The necessity •of more commodious dwelline for the r, at chi aper rents, involves a diminution of pou the duty on bri aka. In a country where voluntary contributions has o set on foot such successful and 4ishments as baths and washhouses, p t hilanthropic estal seems pcepmiere as, that the state should think fit to derive a revenue from soap. The excise returns, 'steal department of the Board published by the sort um Trade in September show that the consumption of that article, which, in the first six months of 1845, - pillions of pounds, l c fallen exceeded seventy-eight . kg months of this yar to off in the correspoudic seventy-one millions. In the midst of general desires and efforts to ex tend the means and cheape n the instruments of edu cation and knowledge, it set ns preposterous that the &lei material by which kno w ledge is communicated and conveyed, viz., paper, shoal l be made tho object of fiscal exaction. Amongst the suggestions that have been made to Mr. Woor, since has accession to office, there is pro bably none more reasonable, none more likely to he of benefit to larger interests, or less prejudicial to the revenue, than the request which has reached hire, that the prohibition on the use of sugar and molasses in brewing . shall be withdrawn. In reference to the existing scales of remuneration of labour and to the habits and diet of the gnat mass of the community, er is, to the wet k ing classes, a necessary o be f life ; it is necessary to their adequate physical maintenance, to the proper performance of their industrial occupations, and to the acquirement of adequate pecuniary means of sup port. It may . hereafter, in a more prosperous con dition of society, when the reward of labour is largely increased, or when the cost of provisions is greatly reduced, cease to be a necessary ; and it is poip fible that when, having abundance of good food in other respects, the labouring classes shall drink more tea and coffee and less beer, they will be a much happier and stronger race than they now are. But the arrival of so millenial a state of society is at least distant; and the legislature is, therefore, bound (having, how ever, regard to the revenue) to remove all legislation that unnecessarily augments the price, or deteriorates the quality, of so important a necessary of life as bear. The malt-tax the Parliament cannot, for financial reasons, repeal. The next best step it can take to such repeal is therefore to increase the materials from which beer can be made. The landed interests profess to advocate the abolition of the malt-tax for the sake of giving their labourers better and cheaper beer. They cannot, therefore, with any consistency, oppose an alteration in the law which by increasing the materials of brewing would, without loss to the revenue, attain that end. Any opposition on their parts to such an alteration would indicate an amount of selfishness such as we are disinclined to believe any class of our countrymen to be actuated by. At pre sent our barley growers have, in ordinary seasons, practically a monopoly of malting barley ; for the *eight on foreign barley is so great an addition to its cost, when we have an average crop at home, as to prevent its importation to any considerable extent for malting purposes; and the deterioration caused forbids the use of foreign malt in any Practically, therefore, our domestic monopoly of barley for malting, if .ag purposes also. And monopoly, exists, mesa prices and deteriorates immediate abolition of the duty on would not seriously affect this mono ly means by which it can be broken up itroduction of other materials whence er. Now, it is admitted by all practical persons that beer can be made and molasses equal to that extracted from ler interposes and enacts that it shall Not for the purpose of protecting the domestic barley ; for it now stands recorded in our statutes that all protective impolitic and unjust. Can, then, the - the prohibition be justified on the supporting the revenue ? If it c an ; if b y ' o the prohibition the revenue would be restriction is justified ; for in the present f the country, revenue considerations , of primary importance. But so far , removal of the prohibition being likely to prejudicial effect on the revenue, we think the r and molasses in brewing is, under proper likely to produce beneficial results. For -that by the use of sugar a consider of malt would be displaced in excise will only have to levy sugar so introduced the amount of duty have been payable on the malt; and that amount is a question easily solved which has only to fix the respective quan -t extractable from common qualities of Whereas, if, by the introduction of by the voyage for large quantities. . agriculture has a I Rot for distilling wherever it exist quality. The inn foreign barley wet poly. The only in is by the introdi to make beer. scientific and prat' from sugar and mi malt ; but the law not. Why? Not cultivation of do, indelibly recorded legislation is imi continuance of tt ground of suppori the removal of th injured, the restri earcumstanees of are, no doubt, of from the removal have a prejudicis use of sugar and regulations, likel even assuming 0] able quantity b rewe ries, the on th e sugar s that would have bow to levy that by science, whicl titles of wort e: sugar and malt- sugar into brewing, better and cheaper _ consumption will increase, and the revenue portionably augmented. The apprehension revenue seems therefore to be a most nest By the continuance of the prohibition t injustice is inflicted on the West Indies. abolished, and very properly, the monopoly they possessed in the mother count r y , and them ta rivalry with countries which treat I beings as the raw material of their sugar. An nue d, unless we remove thisprohibitions we conti against them a monopoly is as little defensible on grounds of fiscal necessity, as all mono polies are on grounds of economical science. MR. SMMI O'BRIEN baa published a very able Naensible letter to the landlords of Ireland in the Nation, and as little savouring of the Young Ireland fancies as could be desired. Vi ith the starting point of this letter we frilly agree : In reviewing the manifeetations which the present ex that luss igency has called forth," writes Mr. O'Brien, "It appears to me there ca been too great a disposition to place reliance upon sonic one specific remedy, md of seeking safety in & variety of remedial inealme teas all of which would co - ope rate b y converging influences to absorb unemployed labour of the country. There has, indeed, been a very general eagermess to quack poor Ireland, and administer to it a HOI.LO - or a MORISON pill, instead of such combined modes of operating upon and effecting its restora ti on as true science and practice might suggest.r. NICHOLS long since not only argued, but proved, how utterly incompetent any one kind of remedial mea ner* would be to meet the ills arising from the im mense population proportioned to the cultivable area of Ireland : We find that there are in Ireland about eve smieultural labourers kir every two that there are for the same quantity of land In Great Britain. Th ere were, in 1831, 1,055,982 agricultural labourers in Great Britain for 34i million of acres, whilst in Ireland there were 1,131,715 for 141 millions of acres. If the present Improved rystem of rural economy pursued in England were introduced into Ireland (a consummation which for their own interest the landed proprietors will king about as soon as consible), three-fifths of the present number of labourers, making with their families 2,808,000 persons, would be entirely without importement. Ireland's whole extent of productive soil woidd, even if her flee millioun of acres of waste land had been brought into cultivation, only bear about the same proportion to her population, as those of England now bear to each other.—Report of CONSItiIIiIM of huh Poor sway,. In such a state of the labour market, and amidst such a distribution of the wealth of the country, any exclusive remedy like emigration, fixity of tenure, drainage, reclamation of waste lands, must any of them alone prove inefficient. The reclaiming of waste lands, certain though slow of returning profit, and affording employment and food in districts within reach of the sea, might in more inland counties prove of doubtful, at least of more tedious, return. Migra tion from the interior to the sea-coast, especially if fisheries were established, might be of useful result. But emigration, carried on to any feasible amount, would prove of slight effect. In all schemes for wholesale emigration, we should not forget some of the advantages, as well as disadvantages, arising from the large population of Ireland. The empire, to a cer tain extent, stands in need of a large population, not disdaining enlistment or drudgery, and ready to fling itself into any opening that may offer. How could Lancashire and its cotton manufactures have reached its present state of development, had it not had an unlimited supply of Irish labour at the cheapest price? It is to the subject of fixity of tenure that Mr. SNIT!! O'BRIEN almost exclusively directs his atten tion in his present letter : and very good counsel he certainly does give the landlords of Ireland. He advises them to take less rents, give longer leases, and admit the principle of full compensation for all im provements. In the one breath Mr. O'BRIEN recom mends that the holders of entailed property should be allowed to charge it with moneys bor rowed and laid out in its improvement, recommending at the same time the owners of all indebted and mo property to sell, and to get enactments to all r l a C i m to sell, rather than remain the embarrassed and impoverished proprietors of large estates, which they are unable to improve or enjoy. We have dwelt upon these necessities of agriculture in a series of articles applied to England. How much more imperatively they apply to Ireland, there is no need of pointing out. The fact is, that as the soil of any country demands each year the addition of fresh elements, not merely to fatten and enrich, but to prevent it from dying oat into absolute sterility ; so the proprietary class of a country demand each year fresh supplies of capital, and without it they morally die out, as the land does physically. But where is the capital to come from ? For all the gist and consequence of Mr. O'BRIEN'S letter and proposals, whether of fixity of tenure, or of raising money to improve land, or of the poor proprietor selling his mortgaged portion to the richer mortgagee, or, in fine, of enlarging the number of Irish proprietary,—all these recommenda tions resolve themselves into the great one of the application of fresh capital to Ireland and the Irish But where is the capital to come from ? We should like Young Ireland to answer the question. Is it from the tedious frugality of encumbered land lords, ruined farmers, and pauperiind labourers, or from the gains derived by a middle class out of such needy compeers? The millenninen might come, ere Ireland could accumulate capital of its own. If abandoned to itself, it would be mom likely to devour and absorb the little that it may have. Its sole resource, then, is in a close union with England, in a bridging over of the sea which separates them , in a removal from Ireland of that insecurity which renders its land unsaleable to the capitalist. We agree fully with Mr. Maths that ono of the first and chief necessities for Ireland is the pouring of fresh blood, wealth, num bers, and spirit, into the exhausted veins of the Irish pi.i.si=nss. This remedy, this revolution, can only be effected by money. And where is money to be had but in the sister kingdom? We have read in our time a great many clever arguments against the repeal of the union, but we certainly never read any thing so convincing as this able letter of Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN's, one of his first manifestoes, as monarch Young Ireland. THE Times, in three several numbers, has devoted four mortal columns to prove that the late decision of the Court of Exchequer in the cases of WYLD r. lioeKlNs, and REYNELL F. LEWIS, is incon sistent with opinions formerly expressed by the CHIEF BARON, and also by Baron ALDER- SON. It is " with inconsistency alone we charged the Barons of Exchequer in reference to these railway cases." The Times, therefore, does not question the soundness of the law, as laid down by the CHIEF BARON, OR Wednesday last. Why, then, all this pother ? Assuming that the Times has proved its case—that the law enounced by two of the rons, in the course of different trials at bar, has been de clared incorrect by the full bench, after duly hearing the arguments of counsel on either side, is not this a con ' tingeney expressly provided for by the law which I permits new trials to be moved for and granted? There is here no opening of a door for that nneer tainty of the law which the Times affects to dread. Trials at bar, motions for new trials on the grounds of misdirection by the residing judge, or misconception of the law or evidence by the jury, and the deliberate judgment of the whole court, are , the legitimate process by which fixity is given to the doctrines of English law. It is difficult to imagine what object the Times can have in view in thus angrily and pertinaciously carping at the Barons of Exchequer for arriving by regular and for mal process of law at a judgment the substantial jus tice of which it does not venture to impugn ; unlese, indeed, it is angry at the learned judges for poaching on its preserve, and anxious to establish in its own person a monopoly of inconsistency. THE coincidence of the decline of agricultural associa tione, with abrogation of protection, certain though prospective, is at least singular, if there be not some connexion of cause and effect between the two events. But, in truth, the one is the direct consequence of the other, for the agricultural societies in nine cases out of ten were nothing more than covert protection societies. The Protectionist gentry have now no object in sustaining such societies, and we find them very generally absent from the few meetings which have proved the tenacity of life rather than the vigorous existence of a few agricultural associations. Let farmers be fairly dealt with, and they will no more require to be tempted by premiums—premiums ludicrously paltry—to farm well, than mitierti, grocers, or manufacturers need sue h stimulants to e x ertion. Indeed, this seems to be now generally admitted, for the various agricultural associations which linger =this mortal scene are becoming fat cattle shows, or societies to promote morality amo ng st the agricultural labourers, by prizes of even smaller amounts than were used to rea l exttle-shows of any kind, The fair and the market are the real cattle shows, and the most unexceptionable judges are the dealers and butchers who there become purchasers. The other form into which such societies are chang ing will scarcely be more effective in promoting the avowed object; namely, to improve the condition of the labourers. They are only sustained by the patro nage of a landowner or two, supported, of late, by some of the clergy ; but the whole is forced, artificial, and unsubstantial. The very terms in which the promoters of individual associations refer to their own condition, bespeaks the weakness of the system. Thus, at the Eynsford Association, in Norfolk, the Rev. H. BLAKE It was a source of m uctisfaction to him to have to say that at present the aroxiation was Ins very flourishing condition ; for while other sasceiations, formed at the same time as this was, and upon the some foundation (and he did not mention this as a matter to boast of, but rather with regret), whilst they were languishing and dying around than, wine in want of a president, others in want of a secre tary, and others in want of subscribers, this association w. haparchpily in want of none of these support., but was proceeding in Its m onwards, and maintaining itself in its first vigour. So the President, who seems to have mistaken the comments made by the press on such associations to opposition to them, said : Notwithstanding the opposition which was given to associations of a similar character to their own at that season of the year, they were still prosperous ; the funds had undergone but a very little change ; the subscriptions were on the Increase, and the interest which was manifested in carrying out the views of the association was evident from the number he saw around him. lie was rejoiced to see so many assembled. but he IrOtali like to hare seen a larger number of formers present." This, the absence of farmers, marks most strongly the artificial nature of these meetings. And the fol lowing remark by the Rev. W . HOWARD, the secretary of the association, shows incidentally the petty feelings generated in connexion with prize giving : Its hoped also that gentlemen who signed the claims would not feel angry if the person n dui not gain prizes, as the committee made it an object to inquire into every case ; and where any person shore claim was signed and he did not get a prize, he (the Secretary) would always be hippy to correspond with the parties and aadgn the rea son, as every they did was fair and above board. Such an excuse is in itself the strongest sentence of condemnation of the system which could be uttered. And one of the speakers exhibited a sensitiveness amounting to irritation on the subject of comments made by the press on these meetings. This is a sad mistake. If there be any value in such societies, the remarks of journalists will only give strength to the resolution of their promoters. But if they are, as we believe them to be, conceived in entire disregard of the causes and principles which affect the condition of the agricultural labourers, they must soon sink into obli vion. That many, nay most of their promoters are actuated by benevolence, we believe, but far more ' masculine means are necessary to remedy the evils of the condition of the peasantry , than praise and prizes to a few certified labourers. THE bulletins from America are this time blank cartridge with a vengeance. Their contents are an attack upon Alvarado, from which the Americans were beaten off; accounts from the most active scene of operations, by which it appears that the Mexicans, instead of defending Saltillo, have fallen back to St. Luis de Potosi, and that General TAYLOR sees no use in following them, as he must retreat to an altogether new base of operations. In addition to this General KEARNEY is reported to have marched off from Santa Fe to California by an impracticable route! This is but a poor show of either military glory or science wherewithal to open Congress on the Ist. Our French Express of Monday has arrived. The ministerial organs all recommend, as the great remedy of the moment, another congress, to effect a re-settlement of Europe, that made by the Congress of Vienna being, as they contend, dissolved by the confiscation of Cracow. Another section is for mere menacing • measures, and would fortify Huningue, occupy :Landau, and recall the French Ambassador from Vienna. The dynastic opposition, holding the contingent reversion of office, urge the re-establish ment of the English alliance as the panacea, declaring that the only obstacle to its realisation is the continuance in office of M. Guizot and his colleagues. Their beau-ideal is a league of' all the constitutional states of the west, headed by France and England, as a counterpoise. for the alliance of the absolutist courts of the North and East. The Legitimist opposition, represented by the Gazette de France, prescribes the convocation of a national as sembly to decide on the best course ; the anti-dynastic opposition and republican party rage furiously to gether, and issue manifestoes to the democracies of the world calling for blood and vengeance. Such is the present condition of public opinion in Paris. Notwithstanding the fervour of the excitement produced by the Polish question, no step had been taken by the cabinet up to Monday last. After M. Guizot failed in his attempt to obtain a joint protest with England, he paused till possessed of a copy of the protest which Lord Palmerston had for warded to Vienna. A Cabinet Council was held at two o'clock on Sunday, at St. Cloud, to discuss the draft of a protest on the part of the French Cabinet, which M. Guizot had prepared. The result did not transpire, but it was generally understood that no de finitive course was decided on. The differences exist ing between the members of the Cabinet are said to be appeased for the present. A report prevailed that Guizot bad previously required the convocation of the Chambers on the 29th Dec., instead of the 12th Jan., and that he proposed the reconstruction of the works at Huningue. Both of these propositions were reported to have beta waived by him on Sunday. The ministerial journals, while they disapprove of the violence of the manifesto which appeared in the National and the Reform.-, and which was quoted in our correspondence of Monday. declares that the oc casion which provoked it greatly palliated the impru dence of its authors. Viakuce, says the Debate, pro vokes violence. The act of manifest usurpation. of the Northern Courts in annihilating a defenceless town, the last wreck of Polish nationality, could not fail to excite revolutionary and anti-social passions, and it adds that the authors of the confiscation of Cracow are infinitely more culpable than those whose excesses their injustice and violence may have-pro voked. The Bey of Tunis visited Versailles on Sunday, on his route to which he stopped at St. Cloud, where he was entertained with a collation by the King and Royalga Sunday the fends rose in a slight degree in the Passage de l'Opks, in consequence of the favourable state of the English funds. The Three per Cents. were done at 82.10. The Northern shares at 633.75. The prevalent uneasiness which we have mentioned above was sensibly felt at the Bourse on Monday, where the funds, opening at 82.10, declined above per cent. One of the main sources of disquietude talked of at 'Change is the apprehended intervention of Austria in Switzerland, where a diplomatic inter vention of a serious character has already been made in some of the cantons, and particularly in the Grisons. To threaten to stop the commercial communication with Italy on the one side, and with the Austrian ter ritory on the other side, is a measure little short of armed intervention : and this measure has been actually taken. The Madrid journals and correspondence of the 24th were received in Paris on Monday. The elections were in active progress, promising in general results favourable to the existing ministry. The Infant Don Enrique was expected at Madrid. A letter, dated Vittoria, 20th Nov., stated that the expe. dition of General Florez was compromised. The depot of soldiers and officers established at Durang o and that at Ordana, were dissolved in consequence of disturbances amongst them. At Seville the party of progressistas proxtented MM. Olozaga and Cortina as candidates. SPAIN.—BAYONNE, Nov. 26.—Everything seems to announce the approach of the long-looked-for Carlist movement in Spain. All at once money a pp ears to b o abundant, and arms and ammunition are pouring into I Navarre, Catalonia, and the Maestri, rgo, Valencia, where the skeletons of several of the old Cae.ist battalions are being re-organised. SWITZERLA,.ND. Thy, ladies of Bile have taken a decided part in the poV.tice of the day, according to the Nouvelle Gazette de Zurich, which says :—" A lady of Bale has, in the name of all the females of the city, protested against the revision of the constitution, declaring that all the l iturs er beer be made, Mew um . K. ......5,r- „, i, . . , revenue be pro- rainit'atousa Bp , from the speeclif4 wagon of loss o . L ip on= ni l auStfin d utich needless fear. . Mir s. ' her , the vmv Lion a most cruel ' t osMr-fatting cattle for prisis hi gaig ch the.] Ldies. We have wrong tack, and that the true object of the farmer monopoly which should be, to use the words of Sir THOMAS,. " breeding ntry, and yilsced in all ,its branches." That sentiment. is pe Lich treat human `.at, but that breeding stock hill be tromott3 - - ••• , --1 --+.l.,a,nws of any kind, is much tube doub - _. tutiliiltion, nor fteedopt of trade, nor ne.. • foreign prc • In) liar* alrehdy fathers • bread.' " "m , ough • cent raf - eas - ors; *, nor . without 1 . ' •' . . - - ' ITALY.—FLOBENCE; Nov. 2 0. — Th e e prospecta at the winter season are not brilliant; most of the strusiese and many of the Tuscans intend spending the winter at Rome. The g rata. ducal goverament, which bad hitherto sided fa a spirit bf tolerance and reform, has changed Its system at the instigation of Austria. According to letters from the Roman states, the emissaries of Austria endeavors by every means to excite disorder in those states, so as to give a pretext to Austria to occupy the Legations as far as Ancona. It is even said that in case of another armed iss- tervention, Austria will send a body of troops to Tuscany, to occupy Florence and Leghorn, and to guard the frontiers of the grand-duchy on the Umbrian Bide. GERMANI.—A letter from Berlin says :—" The incorporation of Cracow with the Austrian dominions is of great prejudice to the commerce of Prussia, as Prussian pro ! duce had hitherto enjoyed a great reduction of import duties into that republic. The manufacturers from every part of Prussia have sent in petitions to the Prussian government on the subject. On the 24th a deputation of the merchants and manufacturers of Breslau (Silesia), headed by the bur gomaster, M. Kohlmann, arrived at Berlin, and have solicited an audience from the King to explain to 11. M. the baneful effects which will arise to Prussian commerce from the new frontiers of Cracow." The Allgenzeine Preassische Zeitung of tho 27th ult. contains the following: " The incorporation of the ter-' ritory . of Cracow on the 16th of the present month with the Austrian monarchy (which was formerly the case from 179.5 to 1809 period, when it became till 1815 a part of the duchy of Warsaw, and since 1815, by treaties concluded between Prus sia, Aus tria, and France, formed a republic until February of the present year when the repuhlie was overthrown by an iwurrection which wished to establish a great Polish re public)—is an event which has furnished a topic of much comment to national as well as foreign journals. The points of view in which this event is regarded are moat diverse. Without entering into a pol?mic on the subject, without anticipa'ing a judgment or expressing an opinion to serve as a guide, we can, to rectify the facts, give the information from an authentic source that in this affair Prussia never demanded an exchange of territory, nor an increase of addi tional territory, and that no such pretensions were raised; but claims are made for the guarantee of our legal interests, and we hope shortly to have it in our power to lay more pre cise and satisfactory information before the public." One of the Hanover morning papers published the news of the incorporation of Cracow with a deep black border. The Gazette of Air-la-Chapelle says that the Prus sian government will shortly publish a notice on the incorpo ration of Craeow, regarding the commercial relations of Prussia with that city. We read in the Voss Gazette that the inhabitants on the Polish frontier were struck with consternation on their children and brothers being torn away from them, during the last fortnight, to serve in the army. UNITED STATES & MEXICO our—eireittiiiDerms.Y watilted via grew Emmy tradelt Is to apeseises la the eteriatien at tae par. In Weldon to the erevelt2 rest FrwrWenee, t o ma wersair la Wilda& hanks, by raid the loses immisisme ee ma asarldantidenderl. whoa. ever the Os nee *id thele nesesemmit semsnitense. se mina fres any adisrmonse. &milk agresslsite /baler allsedow owir the land. Than keepienes le Whoa In every such *lO, ready lona, ad =ois asismilles lithe poor. We kelt upon dimwits go =evensent egeatfle strength ofeddees. whisk art new aiming to bad bye* dosesem, as the utast reekhesolinnerate dam of speni. Wars ; a dams breeze everything Ida emilyery little to lose, and we le wpm thidr lain as inevhalle. Oa the 30tis Oct., the Sectretsey of the American Treasury issued propolals • for a loan elf flee millions, six per cent. Stack, redeemable in 1856, interest semi-annually ; and on the 12th Nov. it had been all taken at a trifle above par. It was offered in New York at one per cent. advance subse quently. There must be another loan shortly, or the govern ment must stop payment. By this arrival we have letters from the American squa dron, dated off Anton Lizard°, Oct. 13th, 16th, and 25th. On the 13th all was bustle and preparation for an attack on Alva rado. For a month previous the BLUM hod been drilling for the attack, and were eager for the fray. The Mexicans had a battery of ten gluts at the mouth et the river. On the 14th, sailing orders were eouatreweended, tie wind blowing too (reels for operations. Ga the 13th they sailed, but anchored again the same day, within ten miles of the mouth of the river. There was a heavy swell on the bar. On the morning of the IGth, steamer Vixen, and cutter Mc Lane, towed by steamer Mississippi, anchored at long-shot distance, and commenced their fire. The Commodore leading, in the Vixen, with the rest of the force following, passed by the fort, each vessel firing her broadside as she ranged ahead, with little or no effect, swing to the great distance. A long eighteen of the cutter Forward sent a shot directly into the fort. The shot was repeated with great effect. In the meantime the Mississippi had closed up, and was exploding her Paled:ins effectively about the heads of the Mexicans, doing considerable damage to the fort. During the morning several of the American bo its sounded within half a mile of the fort, and were fired upon, but received no damage. At 1 p.m. the line was formed, the steamer Vixen towing the gunboats Reefer and Bonita; the McLane schooner Forward and gun-boat Petrel, two launches, three cutters , a barge contain ing a force cikedined for boarding the vessels of war, brought up the rear. The Vixen and her tow passed the bar, and took a position within point blank range ; but the McLane stuck so fast that the Commo dore was unable to bring up all his force, or stand the enemy's twelve gun battery, and was obliged to retreat. The force in the beats was exposed to heavy fire, but none were hurt. The McLane is pronounad an abominable a bortion. When she got afloat agate, Captain Howard offered to make another attempt to pass the bar, but the commodore declined it. On the night of the lath, the cutter For ward, gunboats Bonito, Reefer, and Nonata, under Commodore Ferry, left Anton Lizards, for an attack on Tobacco. Two prizes had been taken, one the American bark Coosa, and the other a Tucatea schooner. The Washington Union gives the following as the latest from the army : We have New Orleans dates to the 3d November, and Monterey to*. 18th October. Lieut. Graham, of the 4th Infantry, died on the lltb, universally lamented. The wounded generally wets doing wed. Accounts in the Picayune, from the troops on the Rio brands truly distreraing. Taylor's chaste order, tendering the oaken sod soldiers of his command the expression of his thanks and adminakm, dateddept.2B, waspublishedon the SthOet. The army wassettlingdowa inactively, waiting further orders. A !lumberer Mexicans had been sum. dered In the outskirts of Monterey by outlaws. On the 4th the Meehan °Meer, called on General Worth to take leave of him. As they were riding away through the Plaza, a volunteer shot one of them theme' the heart. He is in prison and will be hung undoubtedly. A seadsaeist seemed to be prevalent iu the army that to conquer peace a same de. dive blow must be struck at Tampico anctVera Cruz. Lieutenant Armstrong arrived at Monterey on the 12th with dispatches from Washington for General Taylor. A mail sent from Camargo on the 21st of September for the army was taken by the enemy and delivered to Ampudia for the private correspondence in It. This mail has been forwarded to Santa Anna. About 2,000 mules had been hired at Mon terey for the use of the United States army, and 1,500 had arrived from Camargo. Another mail for the army which left Camargo the sth October, was captured by the enemy. Santa Anna is at San Louis Potosi, but doing nothing. Ile sustains Ampudia in what he did at Monterey. The fever and ague are spreading rapidly through the army at Monterey. Private advices from the city of Mexico, of Sept. 20, state, that Santa Anna left the capital with 2,000 cavalry and 8,000 infantry. He was utterly unsuccessful in raising a loan of two millions on a mortgage of the revenues of the church, as the lien was considered by capitalists illegal. He then applied for 200,000 dollars, but could merely obtain 27,000, which was the sum total with which he started. On the Western frontier Gen. Kearney is marching from Santa Fe to California, whilst Gen. Wool, with 5,000 men, is proceeding west to Chihuahua, which is 500 miles north of Monterey. Their combined forces w ill easily hold all the commanding positions north of the Gulf of California. Col. Mason, of the first Regiment of Dragoons, has been sent to Monterey on the Pacific coast, to supersede Col. Stevenson. Gen. Kearney left for California on the 25th of September, taking with him companies a the Ist U. S. Dragoons, in all about four hundred men, mounted on mules. The route of this small command was considered by many of the oldest and most experienced mountaineers and traders as one of great hardship and suffering, if not absolutely impracticable. This route is called and known as the "Copper Mine Route." Accounts from Matanzas to the 21st of October, and from Huvannan to the 28th, are published in the Clarkston Courier. The Matanzas letters state that the coffee crop would be sensibly lessened from the effects of the recent hurricane, and that those of tobacco and grain were almost completely lost. The cane-fields hail escaped without env material injury, though the quality of the coming crop would, it was thought, be deteriorated,:and the quality be about 10 to 15 per cent. less. Business at Matanzas was dull, but the coming season would, it was believed, open a month earlier than usual, as many of the estates would commence grinding within 10 or 14 days. Produce was expected to reach the market by the end of November, or early in December. Havannah letters of the 28th of October state that in sugar and molasses there was nothing doing. Bills on London, 10 to 101 per cent. pre mium. The efforts made to rescue the Spanish vessels of war driven on shore during the hurricane of the 12th, bad been crowned with considerable success. The steamers Montezuma and Bazan with a schooner, had been got off: and efforts were about to be made upon the others. The authorities of Ilavanah had purchased the English barque Agnes Jane, the brig Junaita, and the schooners Polka and Ha banera for the navy. Accounts from the south side of Cuba show that little damage to shipping had been occasioned, beyond the loss of two or three coasting craft, and some injury to vessels in the port of Cienfuegos. MONTREAL, Nov. 12. EICTIANOF..—Bank on London, 80 days, 94 per cent. premium; private, on London, 90 days, 7f to 8 ditto; Bank on New York, 3 dap, 2 ditto; private on New York, 3 days, II ditto. Exchange is quoted at the old par of 904. sterling, equal to 1001. Halifax' currency, thus:-90f. ,• 1001. x premium : : sterling : currency. RATF-• or FREIOIIT.—To Liverpool : Flour, Se. 3d. per barrel ; ashes, 35e. to 40e. per ton; grain, 12s. to 14n. per qr. To Clyde : Flour, Is. Gd. per barrel ; ashes, 3Se. to 40e. per ton ; grain, 12a. to 13s. per qr. t For Money and other Markets, by this arrival, see the 4th page, tinder the usual hetet..., ARRIVAL OF THE BRITANNIA. LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY. The Britannia steamer arrived this morning, with dates from New York to the 15th November; and in the prevailing anxiety of the public for news from America, her arrival has given great satisfaction. Great bustle prevailed amongst the merchants this morning, the steamer having given loud signals of her approach by frequent firing of guns. Her mail was an unusually heavy one, and it was some hours before the mercantile community obtained possession of their letters. The Mexican forces have evacuated Saltillo, and after dismantling the forts, have fallen back upon San Luis Potosi. It is now generally believed that the views of the administration in relation to the war have materially changed, and that the invasion of Mexico in that quarter is to be abandoned as too costly. In pursuance of this change of opinion, it is thought that General Taylor, whose original orders were to proceed by the route of San Luis Potosi, has been put in possession of discretionary powers, and that he will fortify Monterey or fall back, as he thinks advisable. From the papers received by this arrival, we learn that The message of the executive at the forthcoming meeting of Congress is looked fur with increasing interest, as it will no doubt fully develop the intentions of the government in relation to our Mexican affairs, as well as other subjec:s of interest: such as the tariff, the sub-treasury, and the ma nagement of our finances. The President's message is pro bably in course of preparation. Some have suggested that its tone will be a little modified in consequence of the over throw of the democratic party in the great central states. The party is certainly placed in a new and difficult position, and its future course must he essentially changed. The measures which received the sanction of the party at the Baltimore convention, and which were driven through Congress against the better opinion of the majority in both houses, have not been sustained by the Democratic messes at the polls. Still it is confidently stated that the tariff of 1846 is to be adhered to, but that modifica tions are to be yielded, with a view to conciliate Pennsyl vania. Measures are promised also with a view to heal the breach in New York. The progressive Democrats are to be courted with more assiduity. There is a rumour that Mr. Buchanan intends soon to publish a letter upon the question of the tariff, in which he will take ground decidedly io favour of protection and against the tariff of 1846. The elections in progress for the last month have termi nated, and the result shows complete success for the opponent. of the administration. No State of importance has gone for the administration, while the leading States of New York and Pennsylvania are now in opposition. A large number of less influential States have also gone against the adminis tration by an increased vote. The change has been so great that at the meeting of the new Congress in 1847, the opposi tion will have a decided majority in the lower House, and will, if they see fit, have a full share in all the affairs of the UrAsVC.III..III.• on the occasions of the last steamers' arrival from America, the chief points of news relate to the supply of corn, flour, and provisions, intended for shipment to Eng land. We have advices of a large number of ships, very heavily laden, being now on their way to Liverpool, London, and various Irish ports, and the quantity in course of ship ment is most enormous. The New York Erpreas supplies some valuable information as to the surplus for exportation. It says— let us see, then, as near as we ran, bow much we have to spare. Just to start, we think no one will doubt that we can spare the in creased receipts at tide water here. The amount is as follows : =LIAO OF ZZCSIPTIS AT saw Teas. 454,312 brie. flour, equal t 0.... 1,149,971 bush. wheat, equal to 143,745 qrs. wheat. 1,375,299 bush. corn, equal 260,667 bush. barley, equals 32,583 qrs. barley. liDoess of reoripts . ......... ....... 882,184 qrs. grain. We also assume that the increase at New Ora will be as large as the increase here, and we add that to our means of export. RRCEITTII AT saw ORLLILIO roe 1845, AND TR. ITTIMATER roe 1846. 1845. 1848. Increase. Corn, meal 3,950 bele. 6,000 bris. 2,0 Do. in eara Do. shelled Oats Flour Wheat We have estimated the wheat receipts to be double, and have added to last scar's flour 25 per cent., which is the New York increase, and whceh will be much teas than the actual Merease at New Orleans. The whole gives as the following: 2,650 Mts. corn meal, of 4 bushels, equal to 141,427 brie. corn, in ears 333,880 seeks of corn, of 2 bushels 83,470 „ 130,614 Ws. and sacks sots, 3 bushels average 209,496 bris. of flour 131,185 „ i 498,214 Mix and sacks of wheat, 3 bualigla 196,080 „ N. O. total estimate increase ..... 468.168 0 N. T. increase thus far We Imam In game= or nem dos ens MY tram dame two torts, of the quantity bought % lin In her breed year from the world. The increase of sup eaawa New Orleans, we b aye No doubt, will be bound under the mesh. The price of tweed* des et the next harvest, unless there Is a general failure of the crops in Berme, will be as low in the United States as it was upon theta, erage of the peat year. Mr. 'Webster, in a sr smch recently delivered, gives the fol lowing as the state of the American finances. He says : The natural justice of a war, it is, perhaps, not an American habit Ito consider. Bat it is r a American habit to count the me, and I may be indulged a monies .t while I look at that. I have been at sonic pains to ascertain the facts in this respect, and I submit to your con sideration the results to which Hume arrived. It appears from the monthly statements of the Treasury of the United Slates, that the balance in the Treasury on the 2 7 th Mel was 12,036,000 dots. Ist April ~ 11,478,000 „ dim. in May, 558,000 dole. 29th June ~ 9,310,000 „ „ June, 2,168,000 „ 27th July ~ 7,725,000 „ „ July, 1,383,006 „ 24th Aug, ~ 5,593,000 „ „ Aug. 2,132,000 Met Eer .L. „ 4,815,000 „ „ Sept. 778,000 „ Total diminution in 5 months, 7,221,000 dol.. And it 'appears from the monthly statements of the Register of the Treasuri, - tint the amount of outstanding treasury notes was as follows : TA Aug. last, 447,000 dole. (being remains of old issue.) let Sept. „ 1,090,000d01n Increase in August 643,000d01n. let Oct. „ 2,240,000d015. „ Sept. 1,150,000 dole. Making the mem of expenditure (beyond receipts) for Ave months, 9 ,014,01:00 dole. The excess being at the rate per annum el 21,633,600 dots. According to the President's message to Gangrene last De cember, the receipts for the year ending 30th June, 1845, were 29,759,900 dole. If they are the same the present year, it would appear that the Government is expending money at the rate of 51,000,000 dole. per imam. But as payments are, probably, not made so fast as debts incurred, it may, I think, be fairly estimated that our present annual expenses are at least double the revenue, that is to say, at least, 60,000000 dole. So that the result is that the government, foe the last live months, haa been paying at the rate of 60 millions per annum, or twice the amount of the revenue. And this does not include the outstanding claims. Vessels were in great demand in the Northern Atlantic ports, and freights were very high. The means of supply from the United States to Europe, will only be limited by the means of exportation. The new crop of Indian corn far exceeds the average, and none of it has yet been shipped. The shipments made heretofore have all been taken from the stock on hand, previously accumulated. The new crop will be coming forward through the middle and Southern States, and down the Mississippi. The canals in the Northern States may be expected to be closed with ice shortly, and the lands through which they flow will be relied upon with perfect security, to furnish wheat, corn, he., for the spring markets. The Southern outlets are never closed. We ask our neighbours of the Times to consider these facts. COLONIAL. COLONEL GAWLER AND THE COLONY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Sir,—Among the Editorial articles in your journal of Saturday last, there is one in reference to the colony of South Australia, which, in the great body of its observations, is, so far as it goes, most correct. As having been led to look somewhat closely into colonial history, and moreover, as being of necessity intimately acquainted with the progress and prospects of South Australia, I can bear witness with confidence that, in proportion to its age as a British possession, there has not appeared in modern times so fine and promising a colony. A population of about 23,000 souls, and exports of its own produce amounting in value, for the first quarter of this year, to 101,718/. 135., in the course of the tenth year only of absolute ex istence, are results which modern society has never before seen, and which, even in the energetic days of Phcenician, Grecian, and Roman colonization, were probably never, in any very distant settlement, equalled. While, however, your article is very correct in its commendation of South Australia, it is, I assure you, most incorrect and unjust in some subordinate sen tences of its observations. As the weight of this inaccuracy bears upon me, I must beg leave to set the matter in its right position. The sentences to which I refer, stand as follows : During the ten years of its existence, South Australia has fre quently been the object of vehement attacks. We have no intention to deny that there was often good cause fur severe criticism. Mt, management on the part of those to whom its direction was at fleet entrusted, and an unlucky spirit of gambling speculation that arose among the settlers, rendered the cokmy at one time fairly bankrupt. In the hitherto short history of South Australia, no one is the "direction " of its affairs has ever been " the object of frequent and vehement attacks " 0 in this country, but myself. Taking, therefore, your censures to myself, I must offer to them, with a few additional observations, the following letter on the same subject, which appeared lately in the Times, and which I beg you to do me the favour to insert in your columns: . . _ Sir,—ln your City Article of this morning, under the head of "Late Advitios from South Australia," a comparison is drawn be tween the expenditure and produce of that colony for the yearn 1540 and 1645 respectively, in apparent censure of the former, and praise by " contrast ', of the latter. As the responsibility of the former rests upon me, I would offer a few words on this subject. A man's public reputation is cf no small importance to him, if it only be in reference to the future work into which, in the providence of God, he may be thrown. The year 1840 was the fourth only of the absolute existence of South Australia as a British possession. I found it in 1838, with the exception of two or three small patches near the sea shore, an unex plored, intricate wilderness. Settlers poured in by thousands, and land was meet rapidly purchased, sufficient to occupy the available tracts of a district as large as our borne principality of Wales. The colonists were certainly in a state of bitter, not to ray fierce, political &menden •. the original Barre,' Department bad resigned, and my means of meeting the emergency consisted of one young draughts. man for the office, and one retired corporal of Sappers for the field ; the latter a fine fellow certainly, who would have answered all my purposes If I could have cut him up Into tenor twenty living but who, unhappily for me, was not thus divisible. Bcsiia ti° the n st difficulties, the original tents, instruments, See., were almost wholly destroyed; provisions and wages wets immensely high, there were very few draught animals in the province, and the nearest points of supply for almost everything required were at distances of from 1,000 to 1,500 miles acmes astormy and very indifferently known ocean. Let any intelligent man realise in his mind such a position, aiding to my very brief sketch of it all three circumstances connected with a new climate, country, and community, which I have not space to describe, and let him judge whether it was possible to meet and conquer such an emergency without a great outlay. I certainly did overcome It; for, when 1 left the province in 1841, the latest de mands for land were, after immense exertion, in the very act of being answered. Ina leading article which your Journal did me the favour, with much good feeling towards me, to devote to the subject in October, 1044, witness was borne to this fact. The article says of me, " Had the eternal solitudes of Australia been as fleeting and precarious as a • The vehement attacks of which we spoke were directed against the colony. The " severe criticise' " on those to whom its direction was intrusted, was directed more against Colonel Gawlor's employers than himself, who was but a subordinate agent. .01 - Eeretnaeind mice Mader.°l4.k,ftich is then shi setting ar re; betringe to alter their course If they OM not fou oath nd • /*mild now beg attention to the result of the 'bon Used with other measures ; it is this, that by far of settlers were caught (if you please) and detained in than were ever before In modem history, at the maw it:id of time, caught and kept in any distinct colon strong with good faith; the cammiteioners stood p give purchasers their land without delay. 1 was on conscaiardon under the sign manual, an d was their re colony. I will not enlarge upon other unavoidable cause mach as the necessity of providing for the labourin could not and regular employment until the settle and who were moat eagerly longed for in the n nice, at a time when those °Monica were in hi the necessity for erecting public buildings to roost pulation of 15,000 souls, which might, more or ,„ gone on to double its numbers ; but I will only pop when I left South Australia it was in locralcial harmony, civil order, and protection, produce, expo ramications, and public constructions, what I have by far the finest colony in proportion to its duratii tort', produced at a scot to the parent state not gr has been required to bring other ixilonies to the condition, and moreover, containing in itself the foil present extraordinary prosperity. Every one kno stance of a young tree borne to a great distance friar the rit.lc, cost, and anxiety are in the removal as firmly set In a good soil, it isnot surprising that its fruit at little expense. Discovering, by very lam march, that the capabilities of South Australia we now known in England to be) very mat, I took dt establish the colony, and of neoesaity incurred a lan diture in so doing.—l remain, Sir, your obedient se Brunswick-square, Nov. 5. THIS LARGE PRIMARY EXPENDITURI OUT TO BE WHAT I, AT TILE TIME, WAS WOULD BE, TILE HIGHEST ECONOMY, with its communications, both maritim well opened, and almost every essenti its early condition, is supporting its 'DI menet; from its own resources, with surplus of rerenue. Firmly planted an it is springing with an innate vigour Is to spread its branches far and wide, ; " far East " with its fruit. Storms passed over it ; but upon what new col not fallen ? Is not the history of model" tion a series of struggles for existence?l was never " nearly bankrupt ;" it al , assets amply equal to its debts, and th bankruptcy which it bore for a time, severity with which, for a time, it doubts of its solvency, were visited. In jastice to the colonists I am be that their so-termed " unlucky spin' speculation," has also been regarded it by far too much severity. Sufficien not been made for the aberrations of t combined with human failings, wh. throw into a work so difficult, as t turning an unexplored wilderness at 1 their mother country, into a country they have left. Settlers in a new I pared with the inhabitants of an old e munity, are like troops in the fiel, with an army in home quarters; but and soldiers in a field day in Hyde exhibit energy in expressions avid ac shown on the fields of Sslamane Waterloo, the Commanding Officer • find the card of the Commissioner of table by breakfast time the next I which was regarded in England as of the Colonists of South Australia} in all, achieved a victory of whirl effects in the " far East " shall Is Salamanca, Vittoria, and Waterloo almost forgotten. In high social fe industry, sound morality and relig attachment to the mother-country, few such colonies in existence, alit basis the edifice must stand firmly lrease.—l remain, Sir, your obedient Brunswick-square, Ike. 1, 1846. NEW BRUNSWICK. We have St. John papers to the from which we make the following e.7trart CAPTAIN RIPON OF 7111. NUERYLN; Extent a letter received by a gentleman in this city trod Province, we learn that Capt. Ripon, of the has unfortunately been drowned at Bathurst. I It. with two of his men were upset while in a c all succeeded in reaching land in safety. Aft, Capt. Ripon recollected that he had left all hie attempted to swim back to the MIIIOC fur the pi them, but while in the act of doing so, he =fort the possibility of those on shore rendering him body has been recovered. This sad event will t New Brunsuicker, 7th. CAPE OF GOOD 1101 From the Cape of Good Hope . we the 9th of October—only two days in a from that colony which we published From the frontier we have no more veceo Commercial Adrertiser intimates that M Commissary-General, was about to proc war by H.M.'a steamer Thunderbolt. TI severe censure passed upon the officer ii who has hitherto been acting on the Go of the late Lieut.-Governor, Cal. Hare, 1 his way to England, is announced in the The Government Gazette of Bth Oct.. dina7tio; ';;;l`drafts ofordinances, j from the subjects to which they relate. the most essential: — POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDERS.—A p governor, dated 7th October, 1846, ann orders for sums not exceeding 5/. sterlii after the let of November next, be issue Postmaster-General in Cape Town, and Stellenbosch, Worcester, Clanwilliam, St Beaufort, liitenhage, Graham's Town Cradock, Grnat-Remet and Coleaberg. accommodation is 6d. for sums not exceec sums exceeding 21. and not exceeding 51. are forbidden to issue to any one indivi , more than one order payable at the sat amount of orders required shall not in t/ The small amount of money collected at offices may render such restriction nee , not see any reason why the name of Po have been omitted in the list of towns w pate in this accommodation. LAW AND LAW COURTS AT NATAL.- tains two drafts of ordinances presented council, falling under this head, which than ability to introduce a good judiciary settlement. One is entitled, " for amen , iug certain Rules of Court ;" the other, ordinance entituled ' Ordinance for crt Registry Office in Natal."' The latter power of appointing a Itegistrar from the the Crown. The former contains rule of Attornies in the District Court( of court in civil cases; and rules to be ( cases. The last-mentioned are distinct, cal offering in this respect a striking cos and confused circumlocutions, repetition the rules of civil procedure. Here is a all trials of civil cases before the court, plaintiff shall briefly state the facts whir without comment thereon, and shall 1 proof thereof: after the evidence is ekes tent to the counsel for the plaintiff to ob the case ; and after him, in like manner defendant; and no reply shall be permit law shall Le adduced by the counsel for' Is the counsel for the defendant to be pr at the outset what he intends to prove ? ing of the phrase " any new law ?" A of procuring the attendance of the vacation shall be by summons taken ou registrar of court." The idea of hri court by a summons is novel ; from ever, we are led to infer that per is to be issued against the " party," a registrar to " take out" as well as " From ordinances so loosely and darkly crop of law pleas may reasonably be there are " seven advocates or attoi vacates and attorneys," practising in court may admit persons of " good fame tice after " due examinatioa." After th admitted, applicants must produce proo mitted or admissible to practice in the courts of the Cape colony. Until then enrolled, attorneys may acgaa *Avocet( is to have six terms in each year, begin ending on the last of January, March, her and November. The court may c the close of each term as shall be nee( down for trial before the last day of ter HARBOUR or REFI:011 IN TABLE draft ordinance imposinic wharfage and Town to raise in yearly Instalments 15,( to liquidate the principal and interest o towards the construction of a harbour of a breakwater at or near Fort Chavonne MACASSAR A FREE PORT. —TI Press of 7th Oct. publishes the followin Governor-General of Netherlands Indi of Macassar a free port : The Governor-General of Netherlan known that he, wishing to promote th of the manifold islands and possessions by the establishment of a main central by barter, where the different articles said islands and possessions can be where, on the other hand, all their * in sufficient quantity and variety; capital of Macassar, from its excellent good roadstead, and the commercial sp appears destined, in preference to anj Netherlands India, to become a great between those possessions and the lie and wishing to remove all the obstacle enjoyment of the natural advantages and by which trade and navigation strutted ; has thought tit and underbto 1. That from and alter the ht of January, the _bott