The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-07 00:00:00

THE E - 21PRESS, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 7, 1846. PENNY CLOTHING. —Yesterday morning the Lord Mayor and sheriffs attended divine service at the Church of St. Michael, Queenhithe, when the Rev. J. Lupton, the pached a sermon on bshalf of the Queenhithe Peony Clothing Society, the object of which is to induce poor persons by bonuses on the amount saved to accumulate small sums of money for the purchase of blankets and warm clothing during the winter season. The society allows a bonus of one shilling and threepence to every threepenny ticket, and will on Thursday next give 2.51. in premiums on the saviugs for the past year. At the conclusion of the ser moo a collection was made, to which the Lord Mayor and sheriffs liberally contributed. CONDITION OF THE POOR IN SIARTLEBONE. — On Saturday, at the meeting of the Nlarylebone vestry, Mr. Ridgway called attention to the dreadfully distressed condi tion of the poor throughout the extensive parish of Maryle bone. Mr. Gomm, secretary to the Marylebone Association for Distributing Coals and Potatoes to the Poor, begged to avian the vestry that at the present moment the distress of the poor in that great parish was almost without a parallel. There could be no doubt, as the inclement season advanced, the want of assietance on the part of the poor would advance Ilse lie regretted to say that at the present moment the society had not only no funds, but they were COI. in debt. The potato disease would this year ace greatly to their diff the i culties. Indeed so high was the price of potatoes, that committee were about to consider whether it would not be advigiblc to distribute bread to the poor during the present welter rather than potatoes. The greatest support and energy in behalf of the poor would therLfore be required. — After some further observations several influential members of the vestry expressed their determination to give the society their earnest support. OPErAYIYE BAKERS' SOCIETY.—On Saturday even ing a meeting of the members of the above society was held st the King and Queen Tavern, Paddington-green. He said The duir having been taken by Wm. Maelaren, Esq. it was needless for him to expatiate on what they were called together 6r that evening • the cause was sufficiently oppres sive, and he believed the effects were felt by them more than any words could express. The movement for shortening the hours of labour was suggested by a similar one having been erten:ll.y carried out in Scotland. Formerly, bakers held some of the highest honours the state could afford. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by an act of parliament then passed, bakers were not allowed to work before five o'clock in the morning, during summer, nor beyond seven in the evening ; and out of that period three hours were allowed for refreshments. He (the chairman) wished to know, since this protection to labour had been done away with, how it was that they had suffered them selves to be so Encroached upon as to be compelled to work for upwards of twenty . hours a day ?—The meeting having been addressed by various other gentlemen, the following resolution was proposed and unanimously adopted : wor" That this meeting considers the present s y stem of night- k, and the unlimited hours of labour, to be destructive of the moral and religious feelings, and the mental development of the men who are employed in the business, and ruinous to many of the masters, who are thus placed in an unequal state of Competition." Other resolutions were also passed, expressive o!the objects of the meeting , and a committee having been appointed, the meeting dissolved. IMPROVEMENTS AT TILE POST-OFFICE. —In the tonne of a few days considerable alterations will take place at the office in St:Martins-le-Grand, which will tend ma tenally to facilitate the daily duty. Measures are taken to despatch the whole of the let ters and newspapers posted over- Sight, and before the first delivery in the morning. It is said that an extra number of sub-sorters will he appinted in the dusriet o ffi ce so soon as the arrangements rmd with reference to the new rooms about to be thrown into that department. Additional men are to be placed at each end of the tunnels, to receive the letters to and from the rural and district offices. Perhaps it may not be generally known that the correspondence is, and has been for several yeah, conveyed by machinery underneath the floor of the rand hall. Boxes are placed upon carriages upon a tram way. Notice of their being ready to start is given by a bell, the officer at the other end answering through a mouth-pipe communicating with the machine-roem at the other , side of the office. A large fly - whe el, which works with an endless chain, is then turned, and the boxes of I letters and newspapers drawn over. It is said that very tali), in the ensuing year, deliverie . of letter-. will take place every hour, and that there will be additional sorting ; offices arranged upon the " central" principle in several parts the metropolis. As soon as the fittings in the new • Money Order Office, in Aldersgate-street, are completed, the e; !bole of the business of this important banking branch of the ecet-otfice will be transferred thither. Some idea may be • gleaned of the amount of duty performed in this depart '. meet, and of the great increase since the reduction of the • commission on money orders in November, 1840, from the fact that the number issued and paid at the London office in id the is 17 quarter ending April sth, 1839, wise 9,423—amount, 1:410.1. 14s. ; for the quarter ending April 5,1846, the num 391,918—amount paid, 681,2981. 13s. 3d. oi s• Ti H „, o , ll' AND COLD.—We come to the conclusio n that the m mat was light-headed on two topics ; and its recovery is Off -1. •, r congratulation . On the subject of fam ine it shook d i ts delusions with a suddenness as alarming as its out ems but on the hlontpensier marriage it has moved with greater • , • deliberation. Two months ago, the Times was red sot. Its Madrid ho c orrespondent sent over the most alarming meatiens • Me. 11 Bulwer was veheme ntl y protest -I*. Palmerston as passionately writing; c ouriers • s " "joie ; and the Times beat its heavy drum, and called in Great Britain to leap into a tremendous rage, and be t r 'Pared to give France a flogging. The people of Great retain kept olae th e in , very cool ; Louis Philippe rsevered, and gtfouth4e,t • . a e ,p s.an got her destined husband. The operation e root, that takes the reason prisoner" having go . otn itself, the Times discovers that, somehow or air e * the people of this country have undergone a change, ----- lIIfi r T , IY *a great as that which had pawed over the " gond I chill surgeon , w h o could And :emit rom exposure tothe n w o weather . symptomsH ebeo7rondedredwl'hater . I :Afford," and rendered hint insensible to the warlike) would tst , e , ... n s of the harper. The lesson has not been lost on the ware stimulants after which she revived coutti lertilOy, s enes. On Wednesday week (from minute observation we e eve the residence' of her friends. She died about half- d t have come to the conclusion that the foreign pulley man of fire o'clock on Thursday afternoon. From the past-martens the Times always comes out strong on a Wednesday) denie. that Lord Palmerston was the author of any of its artielts; 1 th l e ftra ve i st u st ti ls °l o ' i ittheaphead, d w t h h i e c re h, had b and declared its adhesion to those principles of peaceful had occasioned death. Verdict to jc t eel teff nwai t trptt:e A re r eo o llPf e n ei e e °t : policy which it has advocated during several successive —By Mr. Payne, at the Workhouse S ec t. G — ' adminietrations. On the Wednesday succeeding, that is, wark, on the body of Thomas Bryan 'aged 4lergteirl4kTawlettl last Wednesday, it came out with an Able article on the labourer. Deceased, about seven 'o'clock On W i e c dne Y sd r ay s Itlontpensier marriage, and very distinctly proved that the eveniug last, was found standing against a door in Sloane's ink which has been spent on it (the greater portion of the ink fields, 13ermoudsey, by Policeman Eutwell, M 160 who haying been spent by itself) has been all thrown away.— thought from his manner he VMS drunk. The cot:gable Manchester Examiner. requested him to move on ; but making an incoherent reply, TuE DEPUTY CORONER AND THE MARYLEBONE he was taken to the station-house and locked up on a charge' V estey.—Sir,—Your journcl of to-day (Saturday) contains of drunkenness, it being omitted in his case, as was usually a report of proceedings at a meeting of the board of directors done when persons were brought in insensible, to call in a surgeon, eyniptom and guardians of the poor uf St. 811 . 1relebonet held on Friday, surgeon. On the following morning he was too ill to be I s se o i f n g apoplexy,sen t f for , , end was wu f r zu m n o d , t ed o be .on a labouring stretcher under t o Dec. 4, which concluded • dienotcon on the death of Louisa taken before a magistrate, and Mr. Harding, the divisional Mordaunt thus: Mr. Mallalieu elated that Mr. Kttchener, the foreman of the Jury at the inquest, had told him that the key, generally. considered that the workhouse, where he died at one o'clock on Friday there was more blama attached to the family of the Mordatuita morning. Mr. Evans, the surgeon at the workhouse, de than to the parochial officers, and that he (the foreman) was much scribed it as being very difficult to tell the difference botween opposed to the censure conveyed by the verdict, but that he had a drunkennees and apoplexy, except by the breath, the odour of which, in doubtiul cases, ought to be particularly attended newt unruly jury to contend with.—The chalruian (sir James name_ ton) observed that he thought the foreman ought to have expressed these eentiments to the coroner.—Mr. Potter said be thought thc term to. No doubt when do:eased was first spoken to by the " unruly" could not properly be applied to the jury; on the contrwy, policeman, congestion of the brain had commenced, and if they were too subservient in Pubmtting to be made the tools of the then seen by a medical man be might have sure iyed. The deputy coroner. Mr. Mills dictated the verdict in the case of Lin.' e C vn o ed r r o cad n ivc e to r ,u. h r, o t pe . d that iu future the police would use every i md death n a t a h te fro be m t between p ee o p n i e d . ru y . n , k_enn e p ss Es it i n i d x t it' T i n it es o N s .. Morlauut, as he had since, in the case of Joseph Woodward, at St. Pancras. Moreover, he (Mr. Mills) had not the decency to cover hisNatural d i ser verdict, by permitting the jury to write it, but had supplied it in his own handwriting. (Cries of • •• Shame.") —By Mr. W. l'ayne, at St. George's Workhouse, South- The justness and correctness of these statements may be esti- work, on the body of Edward Coleman, an infant, aged ten weeks. The mother had for some time been living at a low mated by comparing them with the following facts :—The evidence at the Inquest in St. Marylebone being concluded, lodging-house in Kent-street, Borough, in the lowest depths examination, that the deceased had died from a ant of nounsh- I deslined to " sum up," because the t e stimony was too im- of poverty. It was the opinion of the parochial surgeon, on pressive to need repetition, and too clear in its bearings to re quire comment . At once, therefore, I requested the jury t o matt. The deceased was in a very emaciated state, which consider their verdict, and iu another room, which they did, he attributed, in conjunction with the wain of }roper " Natural death." presently returning with their verdict and opinion, written nourishment, to the taking of Godfrey's Cordial. Verdict, and these, while the ink was still wet, the foreman read aloud publicly, neither I nor any other person in court, ex cepting the jury, having until that moment any knowledge of their decision. No remark whatever h e from tho fore man, implying his dissent ; on the contrary, he informed me that, in delivering the verdict and opinion, they were una nimous.—ln the case of Joseph Woodward, I pursued ex actly the same course respecting the evidence, and for the same reason, but, as the tavern itcontaied no second room for the jury I requested strangers to etire, immediately leaving the room myself, simply telling the jury, on their expressing their intention of passing an opinion on the whole facts disclosed, that the latter must be kept distinct from the verdict. In a quarter of an hour the jury, by a message sent tnrough the constable, asked me t, return. On re-entertng the room, I inquired whether the , y had agreed on the unani r ver dict ; the foreman replied, "Vs e have." "Is it mous i" "It is; we find that the child died from natural causes." The necessary time being occupied in putting the verdict into legal phraticology (the invariable duty of the coroner at an inquest), one of the jurymert stated the opinion which they desired to add, whereupou, from the dictation of the same gentleman. a nd at the express request of , and in their presence , the j ur y standing close around me at the moment, I took dewn in writing, from his lips, seriatim, the declarations which constituted that opinion. These were then read to them, sentence by sentence, exactly ns they stand in your report, and they severally answered that the statement fsithfully aria di-tinctly em'oodied their opinion. The court was then reopened and the documents were read aloud in public, the jury publicly confirming them, several reporters or the newspapers immediately surnanding th the table to copy. th em . Of course I could not part with signed inquisition, hut the written opinion was not officially necessary to me. In fact, it was cut into halves, fur the con venience of the press , aed ultimately, before them all, I gave the manuscript to one gentleman, simply to save him the trouble of copying its contents for his report of the proceed ings.—GEOßOZ IRELAND MILLS. CAUSE AND EFFECT.—The Chronic/0 asserts that the poor woman, Louisa Mordauut, did not die of starvation: "The immediate cause of death was s p a sms of the lower in testine, caused by excessive privation . " No, not starvation ; not, as you would say, downright starvation —hut merely of excessive privation. 'Sot quite total, but only extreme want of food. Not utter inanttion, but spaßnedic action arising from exceeding emptinces. Exactly as when a man, shot through the chest, does not immehately fall dead, but dies, subsequently, of inflammation of the lungs • it is the &sense, not the bullet, that kil led him •; the morbid process that cau sed his Meath, not the hand of the usassin.—Dottylas Jerrold's IVeekly Newspaper. MR. FRANK HAIDON, the eldest son of the Into a celebrated artist, has, we re g ret to say, been compelled to resign the appointment in the Customs, conferred on him by Sir Robert Peel, from continued ill The right honourabre baronet has kindly interested himself to he ge ld t Mr. Ilaydon restored to the clerkship he previou-ly in the Record-office, the duties of which are better suited to the condition of an invalid, though the emolument is much small. r, and the chances of promotion much less. — Britannia. SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE Show,—The arrivals on Saturday were very numerous, and amongst other con tributors whose stock came up by railway, were Earl Spencer, the Dukes of Redford and Richmond, aed Sir Charles Knightley. The advantages of this mode of conveyance arc much felt and gratefully acknowledged, as the stock arrives in much better condition, and by a for less tardy progress, than when they were brought up by vans. Some of the oxen already brought to the exhibition are of gigantic size, and the pigs of extraordinary proportions and dimensi Ills Royal Highness Pr ince Albert will be a competitor in two classes, and his specimens of catt le and pigs will a to-day, which is the last on which stock will be received. The annual dinner of the club will take place on T hursday, the chair to be taken by the Duke of Richmond, the presi dent, when the list of prizes will be officially announ ert ced.; , and the Royal visit of her Majesty and Prince Alb Is anticipated to take place on Seturday, although no official announcement has yet been received. THE HON. ARTILLERY COMPANY. —At a meeting of the members of this regiment, held on Thursday night at the Armory House, a resolution was unani mously passed, that the Court of Assistants be requested to form a library for the use of the members. DEATH OF THE WIDOW OF THOMAS 1100 D it is with deep regret we announce the decease of Mrs. Jane Hood, the wido w of Thomas Hood, the poet and humorist. The public are aware that Mr. suffe ri Hoodng an 's life was closed in the midst of much physical much mental anxiety ; and there is little doubt that the un wearied exertions of Mrs. Hood, her unceasing attendance on her husband's dea th-bed, and the grief and trial which preceded and followed her bereavement, have been the im mediate cause of the decease which has thus prematurely terminated her existence. She expired on the morning of Friday, 4th December, 1846. TILE GREAT STATUE.—Sir, —Wading. in a late number of your comprehensive journal that it is intended to transfer the newly-erected statue of the " iron Duke "to the esplanade, or Place d'Armes, behind the Horse Guards (a far more appropriate station, in my humble opinion, than that origistally.intended for it), I write to suggest an I appa ro priate inscription fur the pedestal. For this purpose, by - ven ture to recom mend the four elegant lin es composed th distinguished Latin scholar, the late Marquis Wellesley, written in his 81st year, for the civic statue of the " Hero of a hundred Fights: ' Conserrsita leis Asia atque Europa triumph* Invictum hello Teeoluere ducem. N unc umbrata ge i vie d tempora quercu, Ut desit fame glorla nulls Lao. The other side of the base might be occupied by a more pithy, but not less applicable, motto from Horace : Ilk rotor et as triplex Circa peetus eat. I am, sir, your constant reader, BRONZINO.—Tauser, Dec. 4 THE. MURDER AT DAGENHAM.—DESTITUTE STATE OF THE POLICE CONSTABLES WHO GAYE EVIDENCE. —it will be remembered that for a long period after the men were suspended they were kept under surveillance, and re ceived their pay. The whole of the facts being laid before the law officers of the Crown, some of the men were dis• charged from the force, and two, Kitnpton and Serjt. Parsons, were only suspended, the commissioners intending to prosecute them for perjury. For a short time after 1 this decision was made known the two men received their pay. Since then, however, another order has been re ceived from the commissioners, stopping the pay, and qu ently leaving the men wit hout an y means of subsistence. Kimpton, who has a wife and six children to support, has been compelled tapely to the Board of Guardians of the Romford Union for relief. Ferns, another of the constables, with a family of five children, has been compelled to do the same; and, altogether, the men and their families are de scribed as being in the most destitute state. One of the men states that, but for this unfortunate occurrence, he would have been entitled to a retiring pension of 281. per annum for length of service. Both Parsons and Kimpton are still considered in the " force." FIRE.—On Saturday afternoon, between four and Ave, a tire broke out upon the premises of Mr. B. Carr , re horse-hair manufacture No. 108, - Suntan-row, St. the Luke's.d The flames commence d in the drying-room, on g r ound floor, whence they extended to the carding and curling rooms, and also to the workshops belonging to Mr. C. S o uthall, p iper-stainer, on the first floor. establish parish eng ines, with six belonging to the London , and the West of England one, were remarkably early in arriving, and there being an abundant supply of water, vast torrents were cast on the blazing property, which, notwith standing, continued to burn fearfully. • By five o'clock the back premises of Mr. Davies, cabinet-maker, No. 6, Twister's-court, also became iggited. The firemen, after considerable trouble, succeeded in getting the flames sub r .- dued by seven o'clock , but not until that portion of M Can's premises where the fire began was burned out, and the two compartments, termed the carding and curling rooms, together with their contents, were seriously burned. The The workshops of Mr. Southall were also gutted. premises of ilir. Davies, in Twister's -alley, were also severely damaged by lire. The cause of the outbreak could not be ascertained. IN QUESTS (SATURD lY). DEATTI FROM Ex PO SURE.—By Mr. G. I. Mills, at the Board-room of Kenaington Workhouse, on the ody of Anne Dodswell, aged 44 years. The deceased was thee Widow of a coal-merchant, who, about four years ago, blew his brains out. She had subsequently become rather addicted to drink, but carried on the business of a dressmaker and milliner. On Tuesday last she left her residence in Vinegar-yard, Drury-lane, and never returned; but on Wednesday forenoon she stn found, about 11 o'clock, by policeman Nicholson, T 107, ding in a retired part of Lord Holland's park, Kensington, almost senseless from ex haustion and exposure to the cold, but perfectly unconscious as to how she came there, or where she was going was to. Byre her was found a bas ket containing provisions. She moved to the workhouse, and was there seen by the pare- DISPUTE WITH HOLLAND. A case of dispute has arisen between a foreign govt rament and ourselves, as to its rights under a treaty, of a similar nature, but mt.ch clearer and lets complicated than in the case cf the Spanish treaties. In framing the Sugar Bill of the last session, it was intended to allow the admission of foreign refined nisedsugars at duties correspongd i g with thosehe refiners ial on ho r me, that w sugarssuch. Ana g objection was ra by t ene ral law would admit the refined sugars of France Belgium, Hol land, atd Germany. In orde r to evade this effect, and, as the Government thought, to confine the privileae of import ing refined sugars to the distant growing countries, where it is well known no sugar is refined as an article of com merce, it was made a condition that refined sugar, admitted at the low duties of 28s. and 31s. 6d. for sing!? and double refined respectively, should be the "growth and produce" of the countries from which it is exported—the word " growth" being intended to apply to its production in the sod ; the word " produce" to the process of manufacture in refining. A little consideration should have shown Mr. Wood that any such attempted distinction was futile. France, Bel gium, and Germany, all grow beet-root sugar to a large extent, and reline it ; end if, therefore, the relative stirs , of prices in those countries and in England were such, that an inducement existed for the exportation of sugar to this country, they Ewald at least send that refined from beet root, and import more foreign sugar for their own use ; and if, on the contrary, no temptation was held out by such rela tive prices, for such exportations, then it was a mere useless provision. And with regard to Holland, to which the regulation, based on the rapresentationsnf the English re fi.ners, had more immediate reference, the regulation will turn out to he equnily - tattle ; fur, though Holland grows no sugar, hut refines only from foreign sugars, y. t Holland has a treaty with us, by which we are compelled to admit her produccon the most favoured terms—by which, if we admit the refined sugars of Brazil, or Cuba, or Belgium, at a lower duty, we are bound also to admit the refined sugar of Holland at the same; and Holland has determ ined to put this right to the test. A quantity of Dutch refined sugar has been imported into the port of London. The importers have sought to clear it at the " lowest" duty chargeable on foreign refined sugars. The cuetome house authorities have refused its admission. The Duch minister has forwar fitment a presentation to the Foreign t Office, demanding the fuof their treaty, and here the matter now rests. We cannot for a moment doubt what will be Lsrd Palmerston's reply to such a demand, when his lordship has fully considered the obligations of that treaty, although it would appear that the government did not recognise them when the sugar bill was framed, as no provision was made in that bill for such exceptions as might arise front the operation of treaties. Let us see now the matter stands, and what really are our obligations. Our treaty with Holland, made as late as the 27th of October, 1837, contains the fullowing clause : No duty of customs, or other impost, shall be charged upon any goods the produce of one country, upon importation by sea or by land, from such country into the Mho', higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of the same kind, the produce of, or imported from any other country: and her Majesty the Omen of the United King dom of Crest Britain and Ireland, und bas Majesty the Xing of the Netherlands, do hereby bind and engage themselves nut to grant any favour nrivilege, or mununity, in matters of oommerce and navigi ' tion, to the subjects of any other shde, which shall nut be alto, and at I the same time extended to the subjects of the other high contracting party, &e. &e. No language could more explicitly express the obligations of the two governments tewards each other. lf, therefore, we reduce the duty charged upon refined sugar the produce of any foreign country, we are bound equally to reduce that which is the produce of llelland. The first point, how ever, to establish is, that sugar, notwithstanding the place of its growth, is to be deemed the produce of tha country in which it is refined. First, then, by the sth section of the Navigation Act, it is distinctly provided, " That all manufactured go..ds shall be deemed the produce of the country . of which they are the manufactures." No one can maintain that re fined sugar has not undergone such a process of manufac ture as entitles it to be considered the " produce " of the country where that proem takes place, without reference to the place of its original growth. As an t ref case, we may remark that flour manufactured in Canada, though from wheat imported from a foreign courAry, even when there was no duty on its admission into Canada, was always admitted into this country as the produce of Canada, in the character of a manufactured article. Moreover, even the sugar which is refined in this country in bond, is re exported and classed under the head of " British produce and manufactures." But if there were any doubt left on this point, we would refer to a document which proceeded from the board of Trade, dated 23rd of April 1839, in reply to an application in which this very question necessarily was raised. The principal parts of the document arc these: Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Whitehall, 23rd April, 1839. In the next place, it appears to their lordships, that, as the duties in the table of the possessions set are not applicable to fortednufare of the United Kingdarn, all sugar refined in the Kinadom, , although refined in bond, must be deemed, as in fact it is a British ' manufacture ; unless (as in the ease of copper smelted is bond', the few has expressly provided for the retention of the foreign character. Wto ith regard that part of the possess act, in which for rds e hips ign sugar is prohibited to be imported into ce rtain colonies, their lo are ofopinion, that refined sugar, the manufacture of the United Kingdom, must, in the colonies, be treated as a British commodity, unless there be some enactment of the law intended to preserve a dis tinction between those parcels which had been made of foreign from those mad t e of Briish materials. If success had a ttended this mode of effecting the object in view, no discrimination could have been made between different quench' of exported sugar, either at the port of exportation, or at the port of destination ; and their lordships are of opinion, that in all the enact ments upon the subject, ir was intended be the legislature, that the products of the foreign sugar should leave this country with the cha racter of a British manufacture. Indeed, If this were not so, one great advantage anticipated from the system of refining in bond might be entirely hot, namely, the export to foreign countries. Such foreign multi ies as may he bound by treaty, or otherwise, to take our productions at favourable duties, and would be compelled, therefore, to receive sugar thus refined ,if number and a specific character of foreign sugar were given to .he refined exported from bond),onght justly refuse be to admit it as British manu f ac ture, and thereby a great injury would done. It appears, therefore, to their lardships, perfectly clear, that, upon exportation to foreign countries, there can be no ground for stating the origin of the material in the export document. They are also of opinion that, when td , a d is a British colony in America, it must be there received, as far as duty is concerned, as a British manu facture and that, consequently, no fis cal veation can arise in the eolony;the decision of which would require a knowledge su gar s origin. And with respect to the colonies into which foreign is not permitted to be imported, it is well known that the object of the prohibition is to prevent those colonies, in which sugar is produced, from being made the medium of a fraudulent transit of foreign sugar, as the produce of those colonies, to this country. ) (Signed J. D. IiUME., F. T. Baring, Esq., &c. &c. &e. 1 This document is specific, and exactly to the point in dis pute in more ways thin one. It not fully recognises refined sugar as a manufacture, and, therefore, the produce of the country where it is so manufactured, but that without any reference whatever to the origin of the material from which it is manufactured. But this brings us to consider the weight of the futile and fallacious distinction relied upon by Mr. Wood in framing the Sugar Bill, for the _purpose of excluding Dutch refined 1 sugar. The act admits, at the low duty, refined sugar which is the " growth and produce" of any foreign country. The Chancellor, therefore, contend: that there are two conditions necessary to entitle foreign sugar to admission at the favoured rates; that it shall not only be refined in the country from which it is imported, but that it shall also be grown in the same country. Are we entitled to odd •fuch a stipulation to a country with which we have a prior obliga tion by a solemn treaty ? Is it not enough that it is proved that theproduco (manufacture) of any foreign country is ad mitted at a lower duty to entitle Holland under treaty to demand the same. The right of that treaty cannot be limited by any subsequent stipulation or condition in our acts of parliament, to which Holland is no party. We can superadd no condition different from the plain reading of the t ve reaty itself. With respect to any country with wha no prior treaties, we arc at liberty to admit their produce with any limitations we please; but with respect to Holland pos sessing such a treaty, we must not attempt to evade article is the "produce" of Holland to entitle it to admission on the most favoured term': and in the clear views contained in the document of the Board of Trade already quoted, we have no right to inquire into the origin of the material from which it is manufactured. When we first passed • law admitting, on favoured terms , sugar, the produce of free labour, we might, with as much propriety, in reply to the demand made by . Venezuela and the 'United States for the admission of their sugar, though the produce of wave labour, have pleaded the special condi we are now en tion on which we admit ted that of Java, as titled to plead in the case of Holland--a condition for the admission of sugar refined in Cuba or Brazil, not contem plated by, and included in, the treaty. Holland has but one duty to perform—to prove that the article offered at our Cus tem-house is the "produce" of Holland, to entitle it to admission on the most favoured terms. We have no right whatever to inquire into the condition or circumstances of Dublin, there are 1885 paupers, of whom 795 are in the in the manufacture, or the origin of the raw material. Such firmary. The poor-rate struck at the last meeting of the an attempted evasion is unworthy the position of any great Nenagh board of guardicis will araount to 25 per cent. stele. upon the valuation of the town. Let us suppose an exactly analogous case in the custom- EXPENDITURE ON PUELIC Wolll{3. house regulation', in Holland towards us. We now export The following is an Abstract of Expenditure under the 9th a large quantity of cotton cloth and cotton yarns to Holland, and lOca. of Victoria, chapter 107, and Bth and ffin Victo which pay a duty of four per cent. on their admission. 110 - rim, chapter 1 : land has latterly been cultivating a special friendship with For week ending Oct. 8, ... ... £6,193 0 7 29, ... ... 36,474 2 8 the United States, where their Jima coffee, imported from 19 12 . ••• ... 14,533 19 5 y ll arn utch an G d ev c e o r t n to m n en c t lo w th er , e ,, to th p e ass gro a w la th w d a e n e d lari pr n o g d Four Y 8 - For •. the 3 m l' ontii, •• ... 16 ' 296 19 19---- C - Europe, is admissible on favourable terms. Suppose the 11 22, ... ... 23,677 3 6 u ttat e e f ot a t n ot; ds 1 , foreign country" (which could apply practically only to the For week ending Nov. 7, - • • ••• -97,985 6 9 ... ... E 61,595 IS 3 United States), should be admitted free of duty, would Eng- 19 141 ... ... 71,558 16 6 land submit to such an evasion of our clear right t 3 have our 99 21 . ••• ••• 80,26) 11 9 cotton manufactures admitted into Holland on the saute „ 28, ... ... 117,591 1 4 terms as those of the United States? We should not hide One day to ... 30, ... ... 14,053 8 3-- For the month our indignation at such a shallow pretence for evading our Total expend i ture - • • C315 ' 964 16 1 fur the month. of Oct.Oet and Nov., 412,150 2 1 clear rights. The case of sugar refined in Holland and our PEXSOXS EMPLOYED ON RELIEF WOEXO. SWUM Bin of the last session is precisely analogous. Week ending Oct. 3, 26,193 • . . ... But, with a Minister of the high courage and integrity of 10, 411,029 ••• • • • Lord Pa•meroton , when his course is clear, at the Foreign 99 17, •• • ... 58,755 Office, and with Lord Clarendon at the head of the Board of 24, ••• ... 80,466 Trade, so distinguished for his keen perception of national „ 31, -. ... 114,330 ~ Nov. 7, ... 159,704 honour-and considering the decided expression of opinion 14, ... which the present government, when in opposition, express- ... ... 212,102 .. ... ... 224,672 cal of our shabby and unjuatitiable treatment of Spain, 21, we 28, ... 273,023 cannot entertain any serious doubt that the application now The average numbers employed upon public works during made by the Dutch minister will be at once conceded by our the month of November, in each county, was 8200 nearly. government. National treaties are solemn compacts between 'The cost of employment for Clue county, in November, is sovereigns themselves, to which it is the first duty of their at present 15,0007. a week, and the number of men em ministers to give effect-Economist. ployed 10,000. The expenditure in Limerick is 10,0001, a week. In North Tipperary the weekly expenditure amounts at present to 13151. ; the men employed amount to 4406, and the holm, &c., to 1050. STATE OF THE COUNTRY. • Th e provincial Irish journals received to-day, contain more thou the average number of outrages, robberies, plun dering, and petty theft*. To record the whole of these would occupy a page of the Daily News, and few would be found to read the details of crimes identical in features and almost alike in circumstances. 'The following may suf fice to indicate the spirit of the whole : On Wednesday (according to the Nenagh Guardian) a party of ruffians went to the house of a man named Michael Harty, living at Loughorna, within three miles of Nenagh. This is the evidence of Bridget Harty :-I am widow af the deceased. About eight o'clock on Wednesday night we re tired to bed. having first lacked the door; in about two hours after I heard a man outside ask for a card for his pipe ; I got up and put a coal outside the door, after which the man demanded a drink of water, which I refused; I then heard other vole, s say that the door should be opened, after which tkey forced in the door ; the deceased was armed with a spade, and struck them according as they entered; two men canto in and dragged him out ; the party fired a shot when they broke in the door ; deceased was all covered with blood; he died the following morning at ten o'clock. "Last week." Pays the Ballyshannon Herald," some per ions entered a farmer's cow•h..use, near Boyner, where a cow was fastened by the head with an iron chain to the manger-they severed the body from the head, leasing the head as it was fastened, and carried off the remainder. An other cow was killed in the same locality, and the hide only left. Several sheep were killed throughout this barony, and the farmers robbed of their meal, &c. Tits; Geri 'f liana ! ! !-Since the 3rd of teat month, My. the Tipperary Constantion, we understand, that " ouly " one thousand one hundred and thirty-eight stand of arms have been disposed of in Clonmel. The trade, it will bescen, is brisk, and the price moderate. A man can procure a very handy gun for for eighteen shillings. The " fowlers," on Sunday last, were most industrious-from day dawn they fired away, and scarcely five minutes elapsed without " a bang." Prospects are cheering ! The Cork Era-”iner of yesterday states that Mr. O'Con nell is determin«l to allow his tenantry an abatement of 50 per cent, or 10a. in the pound. In the same journal it is stated that the landlord whcee tenantry the Times transferred to Mr. O'Connell, proved to be Nathaniel Crumpe Bland, Em., an abientee, residing in ltandals' Park, Surrey. Tun °lime:: LETTEIn4.-1•12. O'Brien has printed a third letter in the Nation. The following extracts will be sufficient to show our readers its tenor and purport : With the view of affording to the agricultural chairs an indemnity or the law anticipated by them from a repeal of the coin laws, par liament has placed at the diquisal of the executive a sum of three mil lions siterline. two millions of which are to be applied in 17todand, and one million in Ireland, in the improvement of estates. Ey some unaccountable blundering in the structure of the set of par liament, it appears that this million cannot be rendered available for the employment of the Irish poor during the present maven of diatress, if a strict cenformity with the terms of the art be required. Lord lhaurt informs us that the answer .given to landltinbi asking for loans outof this fund is, that "Tenants for life nerd not apply." Taws a sery large majority of the landed proprietors of Ireland are at once ex fludialtrom the benefit at the art. Apia, it Is necentary that the work should be exemited before the money, by means of which the expense of its execution-is to he defrayed, can be appropriate!: and men if these difficulties he stirmetinted, the final appliadion of the 1 lam is eneumbered with other ematreitsing conditions. By un act passed in the year Is 13 (8 RIO 9 Victoria, e. 56), tenants kr ditto' and other proprietors of limited estates, were enabled borrow money, with the consent of the Court of Chaneery, for the drainage of bind -the money so borrowed to be a first charge upon the land, and to be repayable by annual instalments. By the first public works' act of last se-sine ;9 and 10 Viet., c. I, aO, et seq.), the principal provisions of this statute were re-enacted and en larged, power having been giant to the Board of Works to lend money to tenants for life, in conformity with there enactments , . If the government we-c to adeance money on loan, under these pawl sitms, upon the terms conteinplated in the million loan Ret -namely, that for every 100 f. lent an annuity of If. Ina. (to cover interest and instalment; ishould be mild during a period of twenty-two years - I every clam of proprietors wuuld be enabled to borrow money for the re clamation of their estates upon the most advastaceteis terms, whilst the state would retain an u nquestionable security for the loan, it being a charge trice to all other Ineteribriman. The (Vitt of Chancery has the power. if PO d . ... 110. 0 1, to make such regulation' as would im pose little trouble or expense upon parties appl)mg for permission to borrow mosey for the purpose of drainage. Each proprietor WOlllll thus be enabled to go to the Baird of Works, with pmptnals framed according to his own view of the best male of improving his (state. A surveyor or agriniltut nit, lame ting on the part of the hoard woulil report upon the eligibility of the work- the money would be advanced according us the work procialed, in instalments not exceeding one- fifth of the entire sum to be advanoed, and no smbsequent instalment would be issual until it had been proved to the satisfaction of the board that the preceding instalment had hi-en properly expenda) We might to be careful to avoid the exiipteratioa a hall sometimes characterises suggestions for home colonisation. It was computel by the land eornmission that the amount of unreel:Limed land in Ireland is as fUHOWI:— IRELAND. DUBLIN, DEC. 4. PRESENTMENT SESSIONS.—On Tuesday at the present ment cessions in the town of Pallaskennv, in the county of Limerick, it was decided to proceed under Mr. Lahouchere's letter, after which 6,9501., being one-third the rental of the barony, was voted for employment of the people for three months. The number of men to be employed will be, it is calculated,lsoo, and the. _.weekly expense 7501. APPOINTMENT.—Mt. \Valliant a distiller, and who was denied a t ommisaion of the peace on account of his business, has been elected mayor of Limerick. Food is still the cry. The hopes ofdiminished prices before Christmas have somewhat abated. A good symptom, how ever, breaks is from the south. Some of the Cork corn factors, very sharp and intelligent men, have tendered for supplies to the Relief Committee at reduced prices. Yellow Indian corn at 141. 10s. per ton ; bean meal at 12/. • and white meal at 141 . 10s. The same descriptions of food were sold last year at 101. and 12/. per ton. The Relief Committee have lowered their prices to the poor. Another relief to the destitution of the city of Cork is the employment of 400 men by the Great Southern and Western Railway Com pany. Some of your readers may wish to know the legal statis tics of our courts of record. In the Queen's Bench for Michaelmas term were filed 750 declarations, 240 pleas, 2`41 ejectfuente. with 19 records and 7 appeals for trial. In the Common Pleas, 18$ declarations, 100 pleas, 28 ejectment*, and 3 records for trial. In the Exchequer, 1.339 declarations, 1,392 pleas, 103 ejectment., with 91 records , and 29 a pp eal for trial. DECEMBER 5. A special ?meting of the Royal Agricultural Society was he,don Thur.day, at which the Marquis of Kildare presided. The business of the meeting was chiefly confined to the read ing of letters from noblemen and gentlemen of great rank and authority on the suspension of the fundamental rule. All lamented the violation of the charter. In addition to the letters already noticed and published, letters were read from Lords Gon, Lumen, and Chinn% Mr. S. O'Brien, Mr. Augustus Stafford O'Brien, John Sharman Crawford. and o:hers, strongly recommending the restoration of the 1 ith in all its integrity at the next general meeting of the society. Mr. O'Connell, who originated the suspension, is now in favour of the old status quo. A resolution was una nimously agreed to that, at the ensuing general meeting, the 14th rule should he restored to the funda mental code in ' all its original integrity, and to guard against the future in fringement by any special meeting of the society, Mr. Acheson Lyle, the Chief Remembrancer, gave notice that he would propose as another fundamental rule, that no general rule he rescinded or attired except at the half- y early meet ing., and then only on the recommendation of the council, adopted at a special, held one month before the half yearly, meeting, and communicated a fortnight previously to all the members. There is a rumour abroad that many members are disposed to form a permanent committee, quite distinct from the agricultural society, no watch the progress of par liamentary measures and protect Irish property. The Labour Rate Act is being rapidly extended. The Gazette of last night contains proclamation" for fourteen extraordinary 6255i01E , , of which four are for Monaghan. The northern landlords far surpass the southern in libe rality. Sir A. Brooke, in addition to 5001., contributed to the local relief committees, has made a very considerable re duction to all his tenants. The London companies are fall ing into the considerate vein. Mr. Wiggins, ascent to the Grocers' Company, has stated that a reduction of 10 per cent. will be made to all tenants paying the May rent before the Ist of February, and a further reduction of 50 per cent. on the November rent paid within the same day, the latter to be expended in permanent improvements. The National Club of London has contributed very munificently to the relief of Irish distress. Two sums of 4001. each have been lodged in the National Bank to the credit of the Central Relief Committee of Cork and Tuam, and sums of 300/. each to the credit of the Bishops of Elphin, Limerick, Killeloe, and Cashel, with the promise of further remittances. The conditions annexed are, that the relief he , 1 administered by a committee in each of the dioceses, to the sick and aged poor in food and clothes, and not in money ; and that returns he made to the London committee, giving an account of the expenditure. Relief is to be given indis criminately, without reference to religious creed, and a sug gestion is offered that Indian meal should be purchased rather in Ireland than England. There are gradatious of [ destitution. In Clare, for instance, whence the cry for pub- I lie relief was loudest, and where at present 10,000 men are I employed by the Board of Works, I find that in 12 electoral divisions, the peer-law rote just assessed, amounts only to 51,d. in the pound, whiie he seven more no rate at all was assessed. Those interested in the drainage of Lough Neagh, and the improvement of the navigation of the Lower Bann, have been for a long time in communication with the Board of Works as to the terms on which they would undertake the works. The board have made their final declaration: the total estimate is 195,714/., part of which is to be supplied thus: the government makes a free grant o 38,500 t and the counties of Antrim, Londonderry, Tyrone,f Armagh , , and Down, the total of 40,0001. The river Fergus, in Clare, is also to be improved under the care of the board. Nearly all the proprietor', amounting to 40, have joined, and 28 tenants have given in their consents. This will be a great and useful improvement. The works at Cove are also to progress. The Admiralty have agreed to build the pier, and construct water tanks and the rain pipes to convey the water, on con dition that Mr. Smith Barry and Lord Middleton give the [ use and right of the water to the public, and ground to erect I, the tanks. Mr. S. Barry has given the ground for the pier I and tanks gratis. We must not suppose that Ireland is not progressing in i h n a t v e e llif 4 en to c w e n fr s o , m ea t c h h e w fo i l t l h o following i s n ta i m ti u st m ics o o f f 2 b00 ,50 1 1 ling l inhabitants, of which not one has a bookseller, while Scotland, with a third of the population, has three times the number of book sellers—the proportion being nine to one. There are six counties without a single member of the trade, and seven important towns, with an aggregate population of 71,819, in the same condition. The combination against the duties on tea is spreading. Qui eremenam tangit, me tangit. The Mail of last night very sensibly . advocates the necessity of reduction, as the question affects the comforts of the farming and labouring classes. The Irish government, it is said, will try an experiment on our fisheries. Four stations or depots will be establi.hed in the neighbourhood of the principal fishing grounds, and a sufficient supply of salt be provided for curing. The latter y e • trifling boon, but on the southern coasts whole may be a trifimsg boon, but on the southern coasts whole cargoes are suffered to rot on tee shore, or applied to manure the fields, for the want of salt. The fine residence of Mr. Megan, in the King's County, which was erected at an expense of 80,0001., has been de stroyed by an accidental fire. An insurance had been effected in the Royal Exchange , but i t is supposed not approximating Prprovablc for cultivation ... Improvable for pasture ... rtumprovablc ... ... Acre.. 1,421,11n0 2,Sio,ompo 2,53.5,000 Total ... •• • ... fi,29n,000 Now, I appreher.l that a large proportlim of these tracts is already rs-opled. if such be the case, we ought rather to look for their re d:an:lion to the operation of such beneficial measures as those to which I have already adverted, rather than to direct intervention upon the part of the State. Still, if we reduce the amoiint of unimproved land available for the purpose of home colonisation to only a million of acres, we leave enough to occupy a very large amount of capital, and to give sub sistence to a very considerable number of people. Allowing twenty acres to each farm, a million of acres would suffice for the emotion of ' fifty thousand forma, which would give direct employment to as many families, and would indirectly of a livelihood to surly the same number. It not too much to lay that from 300,000 to 500,000 persona might be advantageously located upon the unreclatawd soil of Ireland. A. there is no land absolutely vacant, some difficulty would arise in dealing with ten:oils at present In occupation, as well as with the proprietor'. lam persuade I, however, that if legal fadlitks were afforded for the alienation of property of tarn description, awl if liberal terms were offered, by way of compel'. R ation, both to tenants anil landlords, large tracts could 'he purchased on terms of voluntary pale. Mr. I'. Seropit proposes to aolve all diffi culties of thin notary by ad - lining from the legislature powers of corn pubory acquisition similar to those which are conceded to railway companies. Are you prepared to say that, wider the present circuno skuwea of Ireland, proprietors ought to be allowed to leave in an un productive state immense tracts of land capable of affonling emploj - mut and food to many thousands of a famishing population! This is a question to which it befit. you to offer an answer before parliament shall assemble, as it is by no means improbable that It will be brought to issue during the ensuing session. lam inclined to hope that little difficulty would be raised on the part of Irish pmprietors. The sub stintial impediment to the propwal will be the reluctance of parlia ment to apply to such an object the requisite amount of capital. It is useless to mislead the public by fallacious calculations. I fear that we could not estimate the amount of money required to purchase the soil, to build bowies, and to reclaim as much of the land as would be Demesne:o in order to give subsistence to the settlers during the first year, at much less than 10/. per acre. An /rich member who ehould to apply ten millions of money to the reclamation of land in fi r eVit would be laughed to acorn in the British legislature. Yet parliament would consent, almostit without q miution—perhaps amidst the cheers of all parties—to the expenditure of this amount in piratical incursions, such as those made upon the inhabitants of Af ghanistan, !kinds, Syria, and other nations who have never injured us. Let an imagine, however that a million sterling would be cheerfully expended by way o f experiment in such reclamation. An annuity of 05,0001. per annum, paid during a od of twenty-two I years, would, according to the provisions of th mllice loan act, in- demnify the state for the outlay. The paymentof thin annuity, there fore, by the tenant in occupation, would enable them to acquire the fee simple of the land. reclaimed. Assuming that 100,000 acres can he purchased and reclaimed at an expense not exceeding one million sterling, and that e y thie land 5,000 families may be planted, does any one doubt that ty would be able to pay with cheerfulness an an nuity during twenty-two years atthe rate ofl3/.for every twenty macs? By this undertaking 5,1100 peasant proprietors inifrht be at once limns. fined from the catalogue of those who have little to gain by maintain ing the rights of property, to that of those who hare everything to lee by their notation. lam not so weak as to believe that this ope ratim will be undertaken as a benevolent prnleet by our prudent neighbours, but if you consent to take all the risk of the experiment upon yourselves— if Toil will mortgage your estates, and pledge your county rates as a ioillateral security, it is posed* that you will be permitted to make the experiment by means of a loan from the Imperial Treasury. Under ordinary circumstances you might be reluctant to enter into such a speculation; but at Snv alternative is preferable to gradual ruin under the operation of the labour act, I would ask you, upon .d grounds of sell-interest, ea well at upon conSiderations of humanity no and of state policy, to entrtiain this proposaL of a to the loss. THE POPULAR ARMAMENT.—INSTRUCTIONB TO MAGIS TRATES.—In consequence of the great alarm created by the facility of obtaining arms, the following letter has been written by the Chief Secretary to the magistrates at petty sessions : Dublin t7astle, December 3. DM. Gentlemen,—His excellency's attention having been directed to the f req uent outrages committed by armed parties in various parts of the cou ntry, and to the appearance of persons armed, as well by day a by night, to the terror and alarm of her majesty's sub, egitima and te who, there is good reason to believe , do not bear arms for j ny l ects purport, I am directed be the lord-lieutenant to state, for your in formation and guidance, that, under 15 and 16 Gee. 111., c. 21, s. 2 the Whitebot Actl, any person or persons being armed with fire arms, fire-lock, pistol, or any offensive weapon, who shall rise, as semble, or appear by day or by night to the terror of her majesty's subject i guilty of a high mirdemmulour, and punishable by tine and imprisonment. This section is still in force, and there can be no doubt that, in a district where outrages have been committed of a N% - hitehoy character, any person so appearing may be committed under this section, unless It be shown that be was out on a lawful occasion. By the 6th section, every magistrate or other pew: °their, within the limits of his jurisdiction, is authorised to apprehend, dis perse, or oppose any person or perrons so appearing armed. This section should be acted upon if there is reason to think that the par ties are not in arms on some Loral occasion, more espenally at night, when there is lens reason to suppose that such ia the fact; but whenever the parties are distinctly known to the polite, in formations should be sworn against them, upon which they for should. be arrested, and , i f the ease require it be committed trial. If the person or Perron so appearing armed are not known, Of if, being known, there be an apprehension that he or they are engaged In the prosecution of some !Begat act, the constables would be authorised to arrest them, and bring them before magistrate. Ms excellency is desirous of calling the attention of the magistrates and peace °Moms to the provisions of the la with respect to ng those persons ap p ea ring armed, and the power which it w gives of punishi who, be such conduct, create terror and alarm in the minds of the weltslis . posed ; and he trusts that, by a vigilant and prudent applica tion of the-c enactments, the proms-dines to which he has reterred may be effectually checked. You may rely upon the cordial support of his excellency in your efforts to prevent the right of carrying arms for lawful objects which every Inshman now possesses, from being perverted to purposes which are contrary to law and dangerous to the peace of the country.—l have the honour to be, gentlemen, your obedient servant, Lsnocciman To the Magistrates at Petty Sessions. Pool-La w I:STEELtoENCE.—There are above 900 paupers in the Killarney workhouse, and the rate about being laid on in the electoral division of Killarney, amours s t to rate the enor mous sum of 2s. Bd. in the pound; however, the laid on in the other divisions of the union is lower to a consi derable degree. There are over 800 paupers in the Liatowel workhouse, 'oo. Kerry. The cost of bread in the Tralee work house for this week is 91/. In the South Union workhouse, SCOTLAND. UNIVERSITY OF ELI NRI:IIIIII.—VaTiORS matters of pubfic interest connected with the university have transpired. The first is that the Senatus Ac ademicus have distinctly refused to pay out nf the Reid Fund, of which thy are the cue todiers, the expenses (amounting to 2001. or e 3001.) of fitting up the class-room of Professor Donaldson, the new Professor of Music. It will be recollected that, some time ago ,' the Express contained a paper, under the head " Music," in which it was explained that the late General Reid had be queathed 20,0001. for the purpose of founding a music chair in this university, charging the Senatus as his trustees, to give "consequence, dignity, and effect" to the appointment —a bequestwhich the trustees have carried into execution by pensioning off au anatomical professor, fixing the music pro fessor's salary at the minimum stated in the bequest, and re facing to pay the cost of the music cuss-room. The Town Council are to urge payment by Professor Donaldson, in the hope that, when his brother professors know that the amount is to be paid by him individually, they will relax in their sternness. Secondly, The professorship of Biblical Criticism, in lieu of the sinecure of Dean of the Chapel Royal, to which we formerly referred, is.to be instituted forthwith, the Secretary for the Home Department having given official inti mation of the same to the Council. The name of the new professor has not transpired. and measures are being taken to make the lectures available to Dissenters as well as to Churchmen. Thirdly, A professor having, after some interval, been appointed to the chair of History, the new incumbent, Mr. Cosmo Innis, advocate, is to emt lecturing—few of his predecessors having been att able wo o f sae•-...--.rl'u'lr"oci ty, which, without it, would only scenes of rwafusion and robbery, has been and werlened ir • our country. by the very persons iaty and self-loterest made it incumbent ou them to it mast etU•zaciously. Hence the order and than which eh , y pretend to have re-establreign in fc! , in in Polar in 4 bst i n sare'Aace; trouble and Led carns. kne es of the , nha bitants. Poland, ;,tama tom two violent forces, whilst the soil trembles oeneath ‘,.., it:;, betieldo a bloody svrorl raised over 'der head. ndi " . Da f this st.atc of things, in such flagrant contradiction ynaities, if they may be retnembere ; I . an d of all ss - notions, and formidable also to &Nll weiety in ge _,L deamndthe attention of all the governments concerned 500, as well as of all natinns having at heart the pro al eirilization, and unwilling Teter ace it anywhere retro wards barbarism ?In ling all these eireum eepatrity will pronounce that no Pole could be justi n-ia &wsinpg of the fu.ure fate of lus country. My r.a.am earreally addressed to that part of the nation in is elnetly concentrateddts moral strength, its intelli wee, its most noble instincts, its most generous vitality. This Lao has had the most to suffer from our disasters ; it is ;', - ,i m that will derivefrom them the most precious advantages. ;7,0 misfoetunes, great perils, SIC stud to cure us of our pre r;ios, of our weaknesses, and of our errors; they dissipate 10 blindarra of vanity and subordinate intersthey teach >e,m appreciate correctly our wants and our po9ition. May enlightened by suffering and cruel luisdeties, become 0 0 able to practise reciprocal charity, union, and con taste to seek in the holy faith of our forefathers the tion and the strength which that alone can give. I hare wirer roure2led (rein myself the innumerable ditfi• o l i ies which barred the chance of our redemption, and how o h we all need in heart and intelligence, resolution and ii me, iety„ talent, and of labour, before we somasv i ri e p a th which has been traced for us. It i, I ac 100E40, for men to unite so many qualities ; but it is a onons destiny in life to be under the pres.ing and binding ;enmity of thenacquirig them." [The speaker, after alluding p hinrelf, and peculiarities of his po•ition, and saying a fra words on the difficulties and bitterness with That which that „maws is surrounded, thus conc luded] , —" which bed has decreed in his wbulora will be accomplished. L't us bow to his will, not with timorous or incredulous weakness, gnu y,; with that deep humility of heart, that confiding gna -10 to the eternal counsels which elevates the sou , and 6ibles us to bear the worst that tyranny can iatliet. ° , ---------- .12tfie gourt. The Queen and Prince Albert, attended by before the s ysl suite, returned to Osborne House at a quarter nro o'clock on Friday a fternoon from Arundel Cmtle. On g gar day Her Majesty anti her Royal Cunsort took their sal walks in the pleasure grounds. B.R-H, the Duchess of Cambridge visited Duchess of Glouc ester, on Sr ur d a y, at House lt.H . RETURN OF TUE COURT TO WINDSOR CASTLE. — INDSOK, SI:NO.IY ETENINO. — IS is now g enerally be• from instructions which reached Windsor yecterday, Wu the Isle of Wight, that the Court will not prolong it , yat (Monte House beyond Friday next. It is also stated la Her Majesty and 11.R..H. Prince Albert will most pro. ably proceed M town from the Castle on Saturday k the last Jay on which the exhibition will be open), for the purpose ihonouring with a visit the Smithfield Club Cattle Show. Combined deputations of merchants and others in :nested in the reduction the duty upon tea, from Liver fal, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Blackburn, Manchester, Dublin, and Norwich. had an interview with Lord J. Ritssell ant the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on Saturday, at th, icial resid:ice of the noble lord in Downingstreet. The anutatior.s were composed of from the town of Liverpool, Kessn. W. Horsfall, and J. B. Moore,. from , e ds, )I,lsta. Stansfeld and Scarlet ; from Blackburn, gam. H. Fielder and Pilkington ; from Edinburgh, Mr.. W. Law from Glasgow, Messrs. J. Scott, it. Jamieson, a d B. Eglinton ; from the Liverpool Association of the Dawn= of the Duty on Ten, Messrs. C. Rawson, W. 3athboue, and J. Stearns; front the Liverpool East India nd China Association, Messrs. W. Putter, H. Winch, and E Breed:lb; from the Mont heater Commercial Association, lean. R. Gardner, L. Reiss, and W. Steuart ; from the Niblin Chamber of Cominercc, Mr. C. Halliday ; from the llerchanta and Manufacturers of Norwich, Messrs. J. W. lobbenis and Willet ; from the Liverpool Shipowners Am adeu, Messrs. J. Lockett and T. Bold. Sir G. Grey left town on Satur da y k. for Sandou- Sill, the seat of the Earl of Harrowby. Lord J. Russell left town on Saturday afternoon Cluelwood. Sir J. Hail transacted business on Saturday at the Ake of the Board of Trade. Colonel Campbell had an interview with Earl ;rev on Saturday at the Colonial-office. :4sr 11. Pottinger left town on Saturday for South mpton, to embark for the Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Bowring, M.P., and a deputation respecting Lbacc had an interview on Saturday with Lord John Rad!. to make the char operative, on the account of the class being voluntary. Ilia programme is interesting, and promises to be copious on the .11-thi tic history of Scotland, al that an appeal will be made to the alumni, un fresh grounds. lime's COLLEGE, ABEEDEEN.—The late professor of Oriental languages has been dead for some months, and al though the session has commenced, the Crown, which has the patronage, has nut vet named his successor. Yortn 'lately, Aberdeen, like England, has two universities, and the students have not far to walk, in order to receive Hebrew at Mareschal College, the renowned alma mater of Dttgaid Dalgetty. As the Aberdonians hove always been stiff in resisting the amalgamation of their two colleges, perhaps government has taken this metho I of accelerating junction; but if the chair is to fall into desuetude, what us to become of the 166/.175. 2d. of annual income ? EPISCOPACY IN Scurls;n..LThe;;;;;(geMral meeting of the Scottish Episcopal Church Society was held in Edin burgh last week, when it appeared that the income for the past year was 1,0201.. some odd shillings and pence, a truly pitiful sum, when the wealth of the donors, the objects of the society, and the example of other Christian bodies, are taken into account. The office-bearers of the society em• brace two dukes, one marquis, five earls, one viscount, three lords, fur baronets, one colonel, one major, tho six indi genous bishops, and some score of landed gentlemen—and their constituents, the Episcopalians of Scotland generally, hold, prrhaps, about one-half of the soil of the country, and yet All the money that this oligarchy raises, for augmenting the salaries of ministers with incomes below 801. per annum, fur liquidating chapel debts, for supplying the poor with bibles, catechisms, and prayer-books, and for such kindred purposes, is a paltry thousand pounds in an entire year. Why, any ordinary Free Church congregation rains that sum, and in Edinburgh alone the Free Church will in one month contribute three or four times the amount in 1 ehalf ' of its general sustentation fund. Individual instances of liberality occur amongst the Episcopal nobility and gentry, i bat what is an occ as i ona l G o thi c c h a p e l, w i t h it s a lt ar -p iece and stained glass, when the body genera lly i s a ll ow ed to 5 . remain in poverty ? PROVINCIAL. THE ANTICIPATED CONTEST AT MANCHESTER gives additional interest to the state of the register in that borough. The new list has just been published. It contains the names of twelve thousand eight hundred and forty-one electors for the borough; and as, ‘n all probability, it wia be the register on which the poll will be taken at the next general election, we give the fo:lowing catalysis of it:—The borough is iiivided, for the convenience of taking the poll, into 49 booths, the number of voters apportion,d to each booth being usually between 200 and 300; the lowest number at any booth being 202; the highest. 323. The township of Manchester has 14 districts, and as many alphabetical lists of voters, who ,all in' . ) .`J booths ; the total numbs r of voters iu the township on the register being 7,434. The fol'owing is a summary of the number of voters in each township in the borough : Manchester Chorlton-uponlitedlock Dubuc 1,50.1 Ardwicic Cbmtham 7411 Newton, ilarpurhey, Bradford, and Bead* 270 To' II borough 12,541 REPRESENTATION OF MANCHESTER.—Our resdvrs wilt comprehend the astonishment and regret we must have felt, when it was announced that the candidate to be opposed to Mr. Bright was the Earl of Laical°, son of the Duke of Newcastle, and First Commissioner of Woods and Forests in Sir It. Peel's cabinet. We rejoice to dt justice to that noble lord as a young nobleman of talent anti of liberal hie., who, in opposition to his father, and at the sacrifice of hit seat for South Nottinghamshire, espoused the tree-trade doctrines along with Sir R. Peel, and !twisted to carry the repeal of the corn-laws. We do not doubt that he adopted the free-trade views from conviction. But who was it that forced this conviction on Sir Robert, his cabinet, and so many members of parliament ? Was it not the League ? And is it possible that any one can fer a single instant compare the merit of a leader of that League with the merit of one of its latest converts ? Cun there be such a preposterous inversion of the order of things, as to thrust out the gallant champion who bore the bruut of the seven years' war—the dust, the heat, the desperation, and ' weariness of the strife—by one w ho came over front the op posite ranks when the battle was virtually won ? Is this the way the country is to treat is benefactors? Is this the example to let now set by Manchester, the manufacturing metropo:is of the lai r d? Has Manchester so slialtt a per ception of its real honour and of its real interests? Is that great constituency prepared entirely to shut out commercial men from its representation ? It took Mr. M. Gibson, a landed gentleman from Suffolk, because he wits a liberal, able, and ardent advocate of free trade: and perhaps it did well, on that express ground : but are both its members to tbe connected entirely with the bind ? Is Mr. M. Phiiipe to tic eueseeded by the Env' of Lincoln > Is every trace of the glorious League to be thus obliterated in Manchester itself? Are the Inn..setae% of that great town, who ought to regard themselves as the bulwarks of trade, and guardians of the democratic part of our constitution—that part on which popular rights and liberties rent—to exclude the men whose voice has so often rung in their great temple of Free Triple, and to call to their representation a Conservative lord from No•tingl.amshire, whose voice was never heard in that cause till the contest was over ? We have n r words to t sprees ouf tense of the injustice, the unbecomingness, and the want of wisdom of such a choice. It is well known that we aro no enemies to the aristocracy. Quite the reverse. But we have long been deeply convinced that it is in the borough representation that we are to find the strength and stay of ropular liberty. The House of Lords is wholly aristocratic and landed. The vast majority of the House of Coutmous is so, and would be so undat any conceivable modelling of the representation. The land, the church, the peerage, and prerogative are thus abundantly fenced round. But there are times at which every rtfl"ctivc friend of popular rights must anxiously feel, that the democratic element of our constitution is by no means strong in the leaisiature. Numerically it is far too weak, and its only efficient compensation is in the strength it derives from without. Those who would redress the inequality of the con stitution by complete suffrage and equal electoral districts would find, we can assure them, that they had positively weakened the democratic iutluence, not strength lied it; for it has been proved to demonstration that equal electoral districts would actually increase the influence of the pro pel( tors of the land, by attaching a considerable rural popu lation to most of our borough constituencies. Where, then, is the true strength and safety of the democratic and trading interest ? It is in the spirit of the boroughs. If they should be lured into a worahieping of lords end land, when they ought to be stoutly and vigilantly guarding their own intercom, by men who understand those interests, and who are, as it were, bone of their bone and flesh of their flesh, they will give up the only constitutional safeguard of popular rights and of our commercial freedom.—Leeds Mercury. BAMFORD TESTIMONIAL.—WC learn with pleasure (says the Manchester Guardian) that since last week, a very respectable list of subscriptions has bean handed over from Bolton, and intimation received of others from Stockport, Asbton-under-Lyrae, and Bradford (Yorkshire) ; and we be lieve that the general feeling is now that a comfortable an nuity should be procured far this veteran reformer and ad mired author. YORKSHIRE. SHORT-TIME AOITATION. — The Leeds Mercury Igiyr. W. Beckett, Esq., M.F. for Leeds, has declared himself in favour of an Ekren Hours Factory Bill. C. 'Lindley, Esq. the M.P. fur Ashton, is, ()wilier, according to Mr. actually in ' getting up an agitation Lancashire for an Eleven Hours Bill. The absence of Lord Ashley from the recent meetings in Yorkshire and Lancashire, to promote the Ten Hours Factory agitation, has occasioned some surprise in this part of the country, and has not, we believe, been satiffactorily accounted for, except that his lordshiii is not willing to sur render his own judgment to the dictation of much less cool headed men." REPIIESESTATION OF EXARESlloROtrift.—There are, it is said, already three candidates in the field for the representa tion of this borough at the next general election—the present members and a connexion of sue of the most powerful families in the district. LEICESTERSIIIRE. A FAhIIIONARLY-DRESsED SHOPLII - TER was, on Friday last, committed for trial at Leicester. A gentlemanly-look ing man, far advanced in years, having the appearance of a foreigner of distinction, wearing a " Victorine " fur round his neck, and furs round his wrists, and displaying a gold snuff-box iu a side pocket, having been observed to conduct himself in a suspicious manner, in the shop of Mr. Jones, jeweller, Market-place, on Monday, information of the cir cumstance was at once communicated to the chief constable. That official sent one of his men to request the stranger to attend at the County-office ; and although he at first indig nantly refused to accompany the policeman, he at last com plied with the request. On his arrival, Mr. Goselyer tioned the distinguished-looking stranger as to his pursuit and intended line of journey, and was so satisfied as to the equivocal nature of the examinant's occupa tion, that he ordered hilt to be searched, in spite of his earnest and dignified protestatiots to the contrary. The first things that met the officers' at tention were three silk handkerchiefs in a piece (within the trous , rs); the next were two gold seals, a ring, and two gold chains ; his purse had previously been examined and found to contain, instead of golden sovenigns, 12 brass counters. The pocket-book was afterwards discovered, and contained papers which afforded a complete clue to the route already taken by this "illustrious stranger," and a forged cheque for 1,260 francs upon Le Felber* and Sons. It appears that he has pledged articles of jewellery in Man chester, Liverpool, Cheltenham, Bristol, and Bath, and is supposed to have been since in London. He had intended, it seems, to honour Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Leeds, and York with his patrosage on leaving Leicester. The name in which the traveller pledged the various articles mentioned on the tickets was Muller, and he was professedly a Belgian. He gave the name of Zeno Soloangen. The ham:kin:hide have been identifi , d as the property of Mr. Angrave, draper, and the seals as those of Mr. Gray, a watchmaker. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Usavett,rry PRIVILEGE OP IMPRISONING. — sharer ~1 queen Elizabeth, granted to the Ulaer. c ai nt j ri,i,_e in 1561, the authorities claim the arresting without warrant any known vagrant at fden . bad character, even though they may in no way beibreakfitir 4 -r - --s I the law. In the exercise o f this privilege, the, Per. mg:N.4, Kingsley, junior proctor of the University, was parading town with a constable on the evening of the 6th noentbelrg: • ' 1 when they met Elizabeth Howe and another ell, whom, - although they were peaceably walking the street, the rev. ,•-• „, - proctor ordered the constable to take into custody. They were accordingly escorted to the " spinning-house,"-s temporary prison. Here the girls were confined in atoll • cell and p l aced in a damp be d to sleep. The consequenlNl • was that Elizabeth Howe, already in delicate health, was seized next day—when she was liberated with an admonition _~ ii ince TJth 'olish cca eruas Rived ration tiepin result , Or tO eMing tieipa rained cut ots otions: l ion at ;ides*. ones on s of it de that jUdiied The eFT Lkemng lean! d ited in I either nor of our g, affect rn icioss excited too - woo to inn' and exciting I . If is that is•