The Express. — London, England, 1846-11-03 00:00:00

I I I. 1 1. 1 1 , 0 li f i 1 1 it .. i .. _..... i - 4 to their country, and, we will add, to themselves, should pursue at the present moment. The winter sad spring of 1847 will prove, we firmly believe, the cr isis of Ireland. If means are wisely taken to give it a favourable turn, we may hope to see that country rise from a bed of misery to a prosperous and happy condition; but if the opportunity is lost, if palliatives are prescribed instead of remedies, or if the remedies adopted are unsuited to the case, Ireland will surely find that there is an abyss of wretchedness yet lower than the lowest. A m ong the evils of the Irish system, one of the worst, if not the very worst, is the reliance for food upon one kind of crap alone, and that a bad one, poor in quality, precarious from its very nature, and hav ing no other merit than that of abundance. To say that a whole northern kingdom after centuries of civi lisation, trusts for support to a plant which will bear no cold, and which, when it is harvested, consists of three pounds of mere water out of every :four pounds of supposed nutriment, is to proclaim. a state of society hardly worthy of the New Zealand savage. Yet such is the fact iu Ireland. One-fifth ;part of its cultivated land is admitted, by the First Minister of the Crown, to be cropped with potatoes. I f we were told that in any country, out of a million acres, 750,000 were placed under water, and,..the residue occupied by a dry crop, one of the least nutritious; that Europe is capable of yielding, and that this was done by way of turning land to its best account, the state ment would be tre monstrous for belief. It,would be pronounced incredible that any country in which such a system exists coald be occupied by rational beings, numbering among thins many, of the most highly civilised, intelligent, and enterprising individuals in Europe. Yet such is the true case of Ireland, as re gards the potato system. Four acres are cultivated for the sake of reaping the produce of one. l l The Ameers of Scinde did nothing worse when they con verted their country into Shikargahs. Well, then, may Lord JOHN HUiSELL appeal to the landlords of Ireland to put an end to su ch a "system ; well may he point out to the excellent Dublin Agricultural Society, that their immediate attention should be directed to ascertaining what is the best substitute for the potato. "It to clear," s irs his lordship, " that potatoes cannot be relied upon tae they hare been hitherto. A cottier cannot hope to be able to pay a large rent fur consw re, and toe farmer cannot hope to obtain the coffin's labour by allowing him land important question which may, probible, fall. It is, therefore, a most important question for the peep" of Ireland. in what manner the deficiency of food is in futon. to be supplied. The aware of the grain or mot which is best adapted for this pup:re—the mores of husbandry which ought to be followed —the mean. of procuring reed—all these are important problem, to whic:i the attentiou of the Agricultural Society of Ireland cannot too noon be directed." 'We cannot think that this solemn 'warning will fall upon relectant ears. It is so manifestly the in terest of the Irish landlords, as well as their dotty, to second this recommendation, to the utmost extent of their power, that we confidently expect to find even the worst of the class heartily cooperating with the wise, generous, and good among them, to endeavour to extract future prosperity out of the evil that has' fallen on their land. The improvement of their husbandry,' upon rational principles, offers the only possible resource; butlttuit will be effectual. We say rational advisedly, for the sake of at once drawing a distinction between what is practicable and certaia, and the chimerical specula tions of men who are more zealous than wise. This is sot the time for wasting resources upon doubtful ex riments ; upon trying to g row Maize, and' Arra lat cat ha, and Mulberry-trees, or the pro fitless indi g esti- N o roots of a North American prairie. Such schemes 11111 S • • at least, be deferred until the fi rst condition o f - soc k ty is fulfilled—that of securing sufficient food of some kind, known by experience to suit t he coun try. Of such food high in rank stand grain and pulse _ wen . whether wheat, barley, oats, or rye, and peas or Leidy e They are certain in their yield, well suited to the country, and, as we all know, of very high value as food. An English acre of land, which will pro d uce 1 , 1001 bee of wheat freed from all damp, will br i tig I, l l x tilts. of oats or peas, and 1,3001b5. of barley or beans. It is not, h 'mover, to corn crops that we desire on flux occasion to direct the attention of the public; their value is s ;utticiently understood. The more ma terial quest i on i. t what the root crops are which may be advantageoa sly substituted for the potato. Of these we incline to believe that the most useful is, upon tho whole, the Jerusalem artichoke, a plant chiefly confined to gardens at the present day, but once an occupant of the fields. Its absolute yield may be estimated at one-third more thou the potato; and not only will a piece of ground capable of producing 20 bushels of potatoes give 30 bushels of Jerusalem artichokes, but the value of each bushel of the latter, as food, is that of a bushel of potatoes, while its straw is of considerable value, fur nishing good fueLexcellent fodder for cattle when dried, food for pigs when green, and an enormous quantity of it. Sixty tons an acre of the straw of the Jeru salem artichoke, double an average turnip crop, is produced by land in ordinary condition; while the scanty yield of potato straw is fit for nothing but manure or fuel. Add, that inferior sandy soil is best suited to this plant, which is not improved by much manure, and that no instance is on record of its ever hav ing been known to blight or mildew, and a case is made out to justify our recommendation of the Jerusalem artichoke as the first root to be introduced into a better system of cultivation among the Irish conaere men. We may add that if it is baked instead of boiled, it is far more palatable. The same pot and fuel which now serve to boil the potato, will bake the Jerusalem artichoke. Second only to the Jerusalem artichoke is the Belgian carrot, a large white variety, now greatly in use in England. It will not yield, perhaps, so great a weight as the potato, unless in rich sandy land, bat its value as foal is higher ; for it appears that where an acre of potatoes will yield 3,450 lbs. of food, the water being deducted, 3,730 lbs. of carrots may be obtained, not inferior in nutritive qualities to the potato. So also of parsnips. An acre of fair land, fairly tilled, will produce at least ten or twelve tons of this root; well tilled, much more : this is equal to 5,000 lbs. of dry food, a greater weight than the potato will fur nish under similar circumstances, and, as a means of nutrition, it ranks above the potato. In this country beetroot is almost unknown in agriculture, except in the form of the coarse mangel wueeel. In France, however, sweeter and better varieties arc cultivated for the sugar makers, and their seed can be procured in large quantity. Nothing will yield more real food than the beet, its dry weight per acre being computed at above 8,000 lbs., or more than twice that of the potato. Last in this list, but by no means last in value, is the cabbage, which will yield more really nutritive matter, acre for acre, than any known crop, sad which stands second only to the beet in the quantity of dry food to be obtained from a given space of ground. In some respects the cabbage is better suited to a poor man's table than several of the pre ceding ; and its hardy constitution enables it to resist our winters without injury. An English acre of land, planted with cabbages at two feet apart. will receive 10,890 plants, which may be averaged at 81b. each, if good sorts are procured, and land is in good heart. The objection to the cabbage consists in its requiring very good land and plenty of manure.' If we have abstained from introducing turnips into this enumeration, it is because they are in fact inferior in value, as food for man, to any other common crop, whether as regards the quantity of their dry produce per acre or its nutritive value. The excellent flavour and hardiness of the Swedish turnip have brought it into favour with English cottagers, and we hope to see it also form a part of the economy of an Irish peasant. Such we believe to be the crops to which Ireland, in her present condition, should mainly look ; not • The C,rt Eraseiser mentions turnip., "four a penny," with "luta and cabbages," to be the chief food of the inhabitaoti of that Tart of the south of Ireland. THE EXPRESS, TUF T ,SDAY NOVEMI3EII ; 3, 1 however to any one of them, but to each a mixture as V a nature of her husbandry will allow of. To exchange the potato for some one other root exclusively would be productive of no real advantage, even if in the present state of things it were possible, which it is not. It is only by varying the objects of cultivation, and by increasing their number, thus providing the certainty of some supply of food should a portion of them fail, that the foundation of a better system of husbandry and in creased comforts can be insured, and that the periodi cal scarcity which some politicians venture to assert is the necessary and natural attribute of Ireland can be successfully averted. It is to the united and earnest endeavours of Irish gentlemen that the country looks for this indispensable change. The aid `of a government can be only transient and impulsive. - - - TIIE Sydney journals contain the report of the debate in the assembly of New South Wales on the law for continuing the regulations respecting the squatters and their lands, and the rejection of that law. The information from England did not, how ever, then come down later than Mr. OLAnsroNE's administration, and, ignorant of Lord GREY'S assump tion of the Colonial-office, they were of course not cognisant of the proposed law for regulating the sale and settlement of waste lands in the colony. It is to be hoped that the provisions of that law will satisfy the expectations, and cool the resentments of so formidable a body u that of the squatters, an ill-used race, but who certainly have brought to bear against the colonial executive a force of elo quence, and energy, and influence, equally remarka ble as irresistible. It mattered little that the colonial constitution excluded these " wanderers of the wild " from the representation. They soon found champions, and made their voice potential, their interests being so closely interwoven with all others in the colony. We arc not prepared to join in the vituperation of the squatters against Sir GEORGE Glees, an able and indefatigable servant of the Crown. He had the excuse to make, that so many representatives of a mother country have had to make in a colony, the necessity of raising a revenue. The class on which he was to levy it was pointed out from home in the flocks and herds that peopled the waste lands. In his ardour Sir GEORGE Gtres went too far. Had he confined his object to a capitation tax on sheep and oxen, he might have raised it in peace. But when he went turd ier,and sought to coerce the squatters, in order that his land-sales might be productive, then the double fiseality mused the resistance of these hardy men, and the colonial government has been obliged to retreat before them. We &now no specimens of eloquence more true, more powerful, than the speeches of AncnIIIALD Born on this question, into the service of which, narrow as it may seem to us, he pressed some of the noblest and warmest feelings of our nature. One, we re member, was, that to unfix the tenure of the squatter was to enjoin him celibacy, and deprive him of a partner of the fairer sex. What a theme was here ! and haw could Sir GEORGE Ours, or any governor, excuse himself from so fearful a charge ? But in the speeches of the members of the Australian Pastoral Association occurred some of the imaginative flights which distinguish its Catholic namesake in Ireland, and large allowance must be made. The stringent orders for sale and appropriation of lands held by thousands of acres for sheep-feeding, could only be warranted by the fact of the line of cultivation having reached them, and of more ground being demanded for the ploughman. The rights of pasture ought not to atop this still greater civilizer than the squatter. And when it can be proved that sales were made and purchases concluded, not with the object of forestalling or land-sharking, but with that of positive cultivation, then a higher authority than any governor's, viz., Dame Nature herself, decrees that the privileges of pasture should cease or come to a compromise. To effect this will, however, be no easy matter in the temper which the colonists display ; and we look with considerable anxiety to learn the effect produced by the bill of August last, and the attitude which the hitherto triumphant squatters may think fit to assume with respect to it. IN our paper of the 31 et nit. we described the Savings bank. We now ask, What is the benefit society? Such things have existed beyond legal memory: their regulations are extant in Saxon. Burial expenses, and support during sickness, have always been provided for those who would contribute, by cht6s. In a benefit club, the members pay weekly or monthly, according to their ages, for sums to be repaid at death, or for support in sickness, or for an allowance in old age. So far it is a savings bank, with a provision that the fund shall not be repayable on demand, but only under specified circumstances. Each man pays for his chance, according to his chance, as in the assurance office ; in fact, the mutual assurance office is the old Saxon club. Again, the government will receive the funds and allow interest, as in the savings banks ; and, to a certain extent, prescribes regulations. But the government does not prescribe the manner in which the rate of pay ment shall depend on the benefit bought. It only requires that some actuary shall declare the rate to be safe and self-maintaining : and, as a consequence, the government does not guarantee the benefits. Accord ingly, the great distinction between the Bank and the Club is, that the latter may become bankrupt by insuf ficient rates, without dishonesty on any part : the former cannot. except by embezzlement. Now, our readers will, perhaps, be surprised to learn that the affairs of the largest assurance office are not nearly so complicated in actual practice as those of the smallest benefit society. The great mass of the business of the former lies in the simple assurance on one life: the latter has assurances, annuities, and sickness to deal with. The Lon don actuary has no great wish for benefit-society business. The concerns arc small in amount, the parties are too poor to pay on the same scale on which other business is paid. And though the actuaries generally behave with liberality towards such clients, yet it cannot be expected that a system should last in good working order, which so much depends upon the chance ofgettingtime andskill at less than market price. To declare the state of such a society, upon an account of assets and liabilities, is the most teasing problem which is ever presented to a professional man ; and it is a problem for which, under the cir cumstances, he feels that he must not expect a proper remuneration. With respect to getting necessary skill, then, the benefit society is in a false position. There is a want of union; hundreds of little associations are running about, each paying, as far as it can, for the solution of questions which their collective funds might soon settle once for all. With respect to local management, the dif ficulties are asgreat. The gentry, clergy, and tradesmen who are active about the savings banks, are cautious and unenergetic about the benefit society ; they are very apt to leave it to the management of the parties interested, who, in their turn, are very apt to seek the public-house for their inspiration, and choose the landlord for their adviser or their treasurer. Nor is this much to be wondered at. It is only now and then that a country gentleman, or clergyman, will feel his ground safe under him, when he undertakes to regulate rates of payment which he cannot calcu late, and to endure responsibility in a matter, the safeties and the dangers of which are beyond his judgment. In such a case, countenance looks very like guarantee : and it is not fair to ask any one to give others an assurance, which himself can hardly feel. What if the actuary should mistake, to whom, upon general reputation, the tables are sent for re vision ? What if the tables themselves, or the actuaries' cautions upon particular points, should be misunderstood ? Thus, then, stands the benefit society. Organised by government as an investor of thuds, -left to its own discretion as to what the funds should be to meet the demands for which they stand pledged-from the first commencement of accumulation; requiring the greatest skill, but depending for obtaining it upon the generous oonsideration of those who know how they are circumstanced ; demanding, even more than the savings banks, the support of local influence and education, but possessing it in a less degree, from the influence of fears for which those who feel them can not be blamed; placed, with respect to the savings bank, in such a point of view that the contrasts are all to their disadvantage; though, if they stood on equal terms, it would be clear that they might answer pur poses which the bank neither can nor does attempt to meddle with--and purposes too of the most beneficial character. It becomes from day , to day more apparent that the protective, or prohibitive system as some call it, of Prance, is doomed. It is just allowed time to gather up its mantle and die decently. Central and depart mental societies for the promotion of freedom of commerce by the reduction of the tariff on the one hand,. and for the protection of native industry by maintaining a high tariff on the other, have each ob tained from the government full liberty of action, and it is now a fair stand up fight between freedom and prohibition—a mere revenue tariff of duties and one of native monopoly. The government affects to stand by as an impartial witness of the contest, but it is easy to see its secret wishes. As in England, the difficulty will be encountered in the Chamber, where monopolism is far more rampant than it was in the House of Commons. Public opinion irresistibly ex pressed, can alone effect any serious relaxation of the protective duties. Meanwhile the more immediate or fans of government in the press are from time to time in a temperate and judicious manner expounding the doctrines of free trade, and exposing those fallacies with which the E❑glish public have been so long made familiar, on the strength of which it is pre tended that native manufactures can be nourished and extended. _ --------- The report mentioned in our correspondence of yes terday of the ministerial decision to suspend for the present the intended modification of the Cabinet, is in substance confirmed by the Conatieutionnel of Sun day. It was not, according to the Constilutionnel, to the King that Lord Normanby made the official com munication which had the effect of suspending the proposed chan,ges, but to M. Guizot himself. " We are assured," says the Constitulionnel, "that it was to ➢l. Guizot himself, in the most formal terms, that the British Cabinet declared the inconvenience which would at tend his assumption of the premiership under present cir cumstances, and amidst the discontent of the English nation. On receiving this intimation, M. Guizot renounced his in tended advancement and adjourned, at least for some time, his presidency. But, in spite of this voluntary resignation of his intentions, M. Guizot seems to have felt keenly this opposition of the English Cabinet to his personal projects. 1 his may be easily seen by reading t'.o late and unlooked for article which has appeared in the Journal des Debals on the marriage. This article has a twofo!d object—first, to prove a difference bet'•veeu the policy of Sir Robert Peel and that of Lord John Russell, relative to the Spanish affair, and, secondly, to throw upon the English Cabinet the charge of breach of faith." The result of the whole matter is that Marshal Soult continues, as hitherto, the ncminal head of the Cabinet, having a handsome hotel, a large salary, and nothing to do. The real head of the administra tion is NI. Guizot, holding, however, the subordinate office of Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the Mote des Deqx Mondes, which appeared on Sunday morning in Paris, and which, having a semi-official character, is entitled to some attention, more especially as its articles are prepared with more deliberation and circumspection than those of the daily journals, there appeared some observations on the position of the Cabinet of the Tuileries in reference to that of London, from which we extract the fol lowing : " In fact, far from the celebration of the marriages and the return of the Princes being the end of this affair, it will be, more properly Teal:lag, the commencement of a new era in our foreign relations. Three mouths ago it was the English alliance, the entente cordiale, which was the key-stone of our foreign policy. At present England is strangely cold towards us; she is offended; and if there be not an open rupture, there is at least a cessation of the good understanding of 184.5. Lord Palmerston has not yet an swered the note of M. Guizot of the Bth October. A report was spread, without foundation, that he had addressed an answer directly to the King; the facts which have occurred will render it difficult for Lord Palmerston to frame an an swer. He has not succeeded in his attempt to paralyse the action of France, and this failure will not make him eager to resume his pen. Nevertheless, this silence cannot deceive us as to the sentiments of the English minister, who assuredly will neither forget nor forgive anything. Tho Whigs labour, without success, to strengthen themselves. Sir R. Peel does not think meanwhile of re turning to office. The Whigs flatter themselves that the friends of the late minister will give them their support in Parliament. In fine, it is announced that Lord Aberdeen will hold on the Spanish question the same language as Lord Palmerston. These circumstances are sufficient to in dicate to our government the necessity of circumspection and firmness in its measures. It stands before Europe no longer supported by the friendship of England, but in a sort of iso lation, of which we trust France need not be apprehensive. It is not a situation above the strength of the government of 1830, which has already endured sixteen years, during which it has proved itself necessary to the maintenance of European order. France can, without apprehension, observe and wait. There are alliances which time and the force of things will bring to her. She will be sought so much the more readily, as she will be more tranquil endless solicitous." The writer then proceeds to confirm formally what we have stated above and in our correspondence of yesterday, that the Duke of Dalmatia will not for the present retire, and that the contemplated accession of M. Passy will not take place. In a word, that the Cabinet will undergo no change. At the hour of despatching our Paris letters on Sunday, the Madrid mail of the 27th had not arrived, - The mails of the 26th had brought no intelligence publicly known at Madrid respecting events in Por tugal farther than what had appeared the preceding day. Private letters, however, have been received in Paris communicating the fact that bulletins are clan destinely printed and circulated at Lisbon, in which the progress of the insurrection among the population and the army is reported. The following details are given, as supplied by these documents : The address of the provisional junta of Oporto, and the letter of Count Das Antas, were intended to give the Queen an opportunity, by the dismissal of the ministers of the coup d'e tat, to restore the country to tranquillity. These documents were dated the 13th, and the last dates from Oporto reach the 19th. In the interval the address was without effect, and mea sures, both offensive and defensive, were actively pro secuted at Oporto, which had all the appearance of a camp. Three brigades were formed to march upon Lisbon at a moment's notice. The first brigade, com manded by the Baron Doe Tornos de Olgodnez, was composed of a battalion of chasseurs, a regiment of foot artillery, a regiment of infantry, and the muni cipal of Oporto. The second brigade, com mandeduariby Geronimo Progado de Oliviera Leiton, consisted of a battalion of chasseurs, and'three regi ments of infantry. The third brigade, com manded by Joachim Eusedio Moraez, was formed of a battalion of chasseurs and four regi ments of infantry. Besides these forces there was a division of cavalry composed of the horse municipal guard, and four regiments under the orders of Baron de Casal. The artillery was under the command of Juan Manoel Pereira. All these troops were placed under the command of Count Das Antas as general-in-chief, and Leopold Dino as chief of the staff. On the 14th the first brigade commenced its march towards Lisbon amidst the enthusiastic shouts of the population of rim la libertel. Das Antas left on the lath. For the service of the city of Oporto three battalions of artizans were enrolled, who elected their own officers, and mounted guard on the morn ing of the 16th. The extent to which the insurrection has spread may be collected from the fact that the royal autho rity is only acknowledged in Lisbon, and through a space of some dozen miles round it. On the 19th, Saldanha, having ordered the 11th regiment of in fantry, stationed at Elver, to march to Lisbon, the regiment on arriving at Estremoz proclaimed the insurrection and marched to Evara. The 12th regi ment ,1 followed the same example' The people have enrolled themselves in the Alentejo. An insurrec tional junta was formed at Beja, to direct the move ment. Lisbon was, in fact, in a state of siege. Nume rous arrests were made from hour to hour, even on the slightest suspicion. The alarm in the Palace was extreme. The King gave up all thoughts of leaving the capital. The total amount of force disposable by the govern ment was 4 or 5,000 men, hastily enlisted, and undisci plined. All the civil servants of the government were enrolled. Even children and old men werr.• seen under arms. Without the aid of the bank the go- [6. vestment most have fallen, but even with that assist ance the situation was becoming hourly more critical. The only hope was iissension among the insurgents. In the new Grand Council of Berwe a motion has been carried almost unanimously, to the effect that all citizens who have studied in Jesuit schools or colleges shall be excluded from all public employ ments. All the Catholic deputies of the Jura, with the exception of two uitramontancs, have voted for this measure. The Liberal party are also, according to letters from that city, triumphant at Bale, where the Grand Council, yielding to the prevalent opinion of the public, have proceeded to effect reforms both federal and cantonal. In Fribourg parties are more divided, and if, as seems probable, the government taking the part of the Jesuits, should resort to force in the district of Morat, the chief centre of the Libe rals, serious conflicts may be apprehended in the canton. PARIS, Ocr. 31. It had been announced that it was the King's in tention to celebrate the anniversary of the accession of the present ministry to power, by calling M. Ouizotto the Pre sidency of the Council. I had assured you that these reports were without foundation, and you now see that the 29th October passed by without the slightest change in the con stitution of the Cabinet. The King has contented himself on this occasion by giving a grand dinner to his Ministers. Some say that he has also written a very cordial letter of con gratulation to M. Guizot; hut this has been all, unless a distribution of cordons goes for anything. The King of the Relgiins is to leave Paris in two days, and M. Thiers arrives to-morrow. Neither of them will shake the confidence which the King has in his own success. Moreover, the mar. riage of the Duke de Montpensier is decidedly popular in France. lam certain that the Deputies of the lett centre share generally on this point the opinion of the left, and that there will be no serious expression of dissent in the Cham ber. A little disquiet alone prevails as to the course which will be pursued by the Spanish government, as well as on the had understanding which exists between M. Isturitz and M. Mon. An English intervention in the affairs of Portugal is also expected, this being the interpretation given to the naval preparations which are being made in your ports in the channel. I have nothing to add to the details you have given of the disasters caused by the inundations in the val leys of the Loire and the Rhone. These misfortunes are in cilculable, and will add greatly to the embarrassment already felt by the deficiency ot the corn crops. The government has adopted very insufficient measures for remedying the evil. Of what use is it to distribute a sum of a million francs amongst so many sufferers whose losses exceed a hundred, or more likely two hundred millions ? Those farmers, also, who cannot pay the indirect taxes must have them remitted, bearing in the mind the old French proverb, " Sur qui Wit rien, k Roi red tons set droits." Finally, it is also time to think of devising remedies for securing France from the seve rity of these frightful devastations. Until the mountains are again covered with trees, the rivers and torrents will periodi cally ravage our valleys. Some step must, therefore, he taken with regard to this, and attention paid to scientific advice. You arc aware that a considerable decline ha, taken place in the Paris bourse in railroad shares. It is principally owing to the had understanding between the principal com panies, which, instead of contenting themselves with spatter ing each other with dirt, have sought to devour each other. But the crisis cannot be protracted much longer; money is not wanting in Paris, and the sixty millions demanded by the companies of Lyons and of the North, will be founa without difficulty before the end of January. The Stras burg Company seems desirous of putting off all calls until March. 0, ROME, OCT. 20. The month of October has been from time imme ' mortal sacred to the observance of the Roman villeggiatura during which the cool acclivities of the circumambient hills afford, if not watering, at least breathing places to the gene ral public, state-functionaries included. The active mind of Pius IX. brooks no relaxation, and during his visit to the falls of Tivoli this week, his whole time was devoted to the organization of the new iron works which promise to relieve Rome from part of the disgraceful tribute she now pays to foreign industry. Fire blasts, smelting furnace., specimens of agricultural implements, models of iron bridges (these latter especially), occupied the attention of the ex-officio " Pontifex," and orders mixed with encouragements were issued for a variety of works. The Roman finances are, thanks to the various retrenchments made in the Papal household, and the discontinuance of many sinccurcF. for from being in the hopeless condition they would have assumed had the late reign gone on. The last million of the Torlonia loan was paid on the 26th of August, and had the great tobacco broker wished to back out of his agreement, I am cognisant of many quarters whence the money would have been at once forthcoming. You are aware that the grand mill-stone tied round the neck of the papal treasurer is the payment of the Swiss boors who, to the number of near 10,000, garrison the legations. To got rid of these, now worse than useless, mercenaries, is the firm determination of Pius, but he is hound by the stolid and suicidal compact signed by the late Gregory, in the year 1831, when, frightened out of his senses by the revolt of Bologna, he aczreNl to guarantee their pay and allowances for twenty years to come : which period will not expire till 18.51. There is some notion of hiring them out to any foreign power ss ho may want such efficient bludgeonmen, and may he willing to relieve Isis holinessof the incumbrance : they would be invaluable to keep down the Poles, anu I sup pose Russia or Austria will ultimately take them off his hands. The Swiss officers have had the cunning to bargain for their natural lives full pay and certain prerogatives and emoluments, which place them over the heads of their Italian fellow-commanders, a perpetual blister on the pontifi cal corps &armee. Does not Milton say something about annulling certain " vows made in min as violent and void r. And was net such the case of the late Pope when he was cheated into suchen agreement by the Dahretties of Lucerne . One family of that canton has held the command of these hired troops for the last 300 years, a vested interest with a vengeance. Another great source of unprofitable expenditure is the support of the galley-slaves, who are a very numerous class indeed, owingto the repugnance of the papal code to spilling blood, when the penalty can be possibly commuted to per petual labour. \nu are aware of the value of such labour: the result is a dead loss to the exchequer. Count Rossi, be fore he left Rome to consult his masters at Paris, made, offi cially, an offer to relieve the Pope of all his convict., whom he engaged to convert into agricultural la bourers in the flourishing French colony of Algiers. Nothing has yet been decided on that point. Of one thing there can be no doubt, and that is the cordial feeling of Pius towards Louis Philippe, and hence he has done all in his power to forward the Montpcnsier marriage as far as his influence with the Spanish clergy could be used for that object. Viewed from Rome, that question assumes a very different aspect from its appearance to an English eye. Don Carlos has received a hint that if he come here his sojourn will not be made very satisfactory should he as sume the character of a pretender. All these things annoy the French Carlists as well as those of the Peninsula, but they must swallow the bitter pill in silent acquiescence. You will scarcely believe it true, but it is nevertheless so gene rally asserted by grave men in every quarter that there must be some foundation for the report, that his Holiness, previ ous to taking solemn possession of the Papacy on the 9th of November, intends, during eight consecutive days, to preach in propria persona from the pulpit of St. John Lste ran. We are all on the qui cite for this unheard-of curse of lectures only to be historically paralleled by the discourses of Savonarola in the glorious days of Florentine freedom. " I shall send an analysis of these speeches from the throne," as they occur. The late se cretary. Lambruschini, was detected last week in a quasi treasonable correspondence—the original letter hav ing found its way into the l'ope's hands. Pius sent for him, tore it in fragments before his face, and told him to "sin no more." Cardinal della Gongs has been still more deeply engaged in plotting with Austria, along with certain old jobbing functionaries here : the belief in town is, that his eminence is now lodged in the Castle of St. Angelo. If not, where is he ? For the last week, his whereabouts is the town mystery. Father Ryllo starts to-morrow for Abyssinia, on a mission of evangelism, combined with discovery. He applied to the French institute for co-operation. which was refused by the Guizot ministry, "because Ityllo is a Jesuit." He has to-day to make a similar application to the Geogra phical Society of London. SAMSOUN, Ocr. 6. The most important news I have to send you from this place concerns the late revolt at Adjara, and the means by which it has been put down. The district of Adjara lies dose upon the Georgian frontier, and consists of an extensive valley winding up through rugged mountain• covered with dense forests, and watered by a river which empties itself into the Tchorakh at some hours distaace from Batoum. The inhabitants commonly gain their living by coming down to Batoum, and cultivating the lands about that town. But they are a wild set, little addicted to labour as long as they can procure a subsistence by less methodical means. They are a Georgian race, and speak a dialect of the Georgian language ; and their cunning and ferocity render them a strong contrast to their neighbours the Lazes, who enjoy a high reputation among Europeans for their fidelity and straightforwardness of character. At the head of this war like mountain clan that inhabit the Adjara, the family of Kcur Hussein Bey, who instigated their late insurrection, has long figured. That chief himself became some years ago the main instrument of Hafiz Pacha, then Governor of Hrzeroum,l i quelling some disturbances in the province of Kars, and acquired by his military qualities great influence with his employer; insomuch, that the Adjaralecs, in requital of their services, were almost entirely exempted from taxes, were allowed to carry arms, and were not called upon to furnish recruits. The enjoyment of these privileges seems to have swelled the pride of the Ad - jandees, and to have bred a mutinous spirit among them, which soon made it necessary for the Porte to treat them with less indulgence. At length, in 1842, Kerr Hu..sein broke out into open rebellion -, and attempted to extend the spirit of revolt through Kars and Van. He was, however, defeated and taken prisone r by Haflz Pacha, who se at hint, wounded, to Constantie.ople. It may be added, ra characv teristic of the man, th at on board the steamer he refused to allow the surgeon to e.ress his wounds, or to extract the r.vo bullets which had entered his back; but he treated Itiraself by the application of soft decayed wood, which he stuffed into his hurts, armedy for the rest which is common among the country pecr e le of these parts. Keur Hussein is a short, thick-set man. on the verge of 50, blind, as his narete denotes, of one eye, and marked with the small-pox. To extreme daring end. energy he adds a port of fierce humour, which Tents itself In speeches, not easily translatable, but singularly relished by the Turks. The captive became a sort of lion at Stamboul, and obtaining his liberty by means of the interest of Ha& Pacha, or, as some say, through his connexion with a Circassian slave, sister of a slave of Ries Pacha, was cent back to Emir:tam, where, however, be remained uneler the surveillance of Kiamili Yacht", successor of Hafiz. Some disturbances breaking out again in Adjara during the detention of Keur Hussein at Erzeroum, and being ascribed to his intrigues, he was sent back again as a prisoner to Stamboul. But he had not been confined there long before he effected his escape, and fled into Egypt. Here he lived some months on the bounty of Mehemit Ali, and then returned by land through Syria, Mesopotamia, and Kurdistan, towards his native country. During his voyage there is scarce need to say that he set the people's minds as much as possible against the government of the Porte, and particularly the Tarzimat or modern system, attempted but hitherto without effect, to be carried out in the distant provinces. It is now about four months since Keur Hussein arrived in Van, in which pro vince his exertions were attended with sufficient success to alarm the government, and to put them upon extensive preparations, to which I have before alluded, fur putting down the spirit of disaffection. From Van he corresponded with his a dh erents in Adler& ; and a portion of this corres pondence having been detected by Mr. Guaricino, the English Consul at Batoum, and made known to Hahl Pacha, Governor of Trebizond,the latter made some preparations for meeting the threatened insurrection, although by no means adequate to the occasion. At length Keur Hussein joined his tribe, and putting himself at the head of all the moun taineers he could command, held himself in readiness to act. Meantime Halil Pacha sent the rebel a message through his Kisya, Ahmed Bey, offering to make him mutsellim of some considerable place, if he would only keep quiet. Keur Hussein's answer was characteristic, " Tell Bahl Pacha that lam up to my nose in such offers from Pachas as he makes me now ; and were I a riche I would never look at myself in a glass more." Ahmed Bey then retired to Ardanond, with a hundre 1 men. His place of retreat was immediately invested by Keur Hussein, and after a siege of nine days he was obliged to capitulate, and was allowed to retire to Batoum. In the meantime a body of 6,000 irregular troops were, towards the end of August, got together at different places in the province of Trebizond, and directed, partly by sea and partly by land, upon Batoum. The designation of irregular is hardly strong enough to give an idea of the miserable equipments of these row levies, composed of the very scum and dregs of the pachalik. Their arms consisted of a carbine about the length of the fore-arm, and a knife stuck in the girdle. The food of the 4.000 that marched by land con sisted entirely of the maize that now stood nearly ripe here and there in fields along the coast. The remaining 2,000 were brought over iu three steam voyages from Samsoun and Trebizond. An idea may be given of the rawness of these recruits by the fact of their firing ball.cartridges to salute the son of a pacha on board one of the steamers, when she came into Batoum ,to the no small consternation of he pas sengers, towards whom their pieces were directed. The barrels of powder were stowed in a cafeneb, and the troops sat hard by smoking their pipes. Before the arrival of the troops which marched by land, Ahmed Bey, putting himself at the head of the two thousand sent by sea, marched out towards the valley of Adjara in quest of Keur linen:in. He had crossed the lower bridge of the Tchorakh, and was proceeding to re-cross the ricer by another bridge some miles higher up, when Keur Hussein, descending from the mountains by another path, came behind him, destroyed the lower bridge of the Tchorukh, and thus cutting off his retreat, attacked him in rear. By this means Ahmed Bey was driven into the precipitous defile through which the torrent of the Adjara forces its course. The hostile popula tion assembled on the heights, rolled down stones upon his pent-up and frightened soldiers, while Keur Hussein, ad vancing over the upper bridge, charged them fiercely in the rear. The upshot of the affair was the total defeat, and nearly total destruction of the troops; but by far the greatest part of the loss was occasioned by the stones. Ahmed Bey, with a remnant of his discomfited soldiers, escaped to Khoppa. Keur Hussein dots not seem to have followed up this first success by any vigorous measure. He neglected to make himself master of the powder at Batoum ; which would have been of the utmost service to him, as it was simply by his want of ammunition that he was in the end beaten. The remaining four thousand troops that marched by land were headed by Kiaya-oghlon Emir aga, mutsellim of Tiriboli, a man notoriously cruel. Uni:ing his forces with the remnant of Ahmed Bey, he marched against Keur Hussein, and succeeded in completely defeat ing him. But no sooner was he master of the c iuntry, than he swept it clean with fire and sword ; and, not content with mere destruction, he glutted his savage nature with the most revolting excesses. Out of a great number of prisoner', only 30 were spared; and these simply because they seemed stout young men, fit for making soldiers of. The rest had their noses and eras cut off and were otherwise mutilated before being put to death. Some were nailed up to trees, to sari e for marks to the soldiers, and others torn asunder. Every house that he could meet with he ordered to be burned to the ground. So that, at present, Adore is a desert. Mean while, the papers of Constantinople announce. with much complacency, that the disturbed district has been completely pacified. So/due-lir:cm prima : .farens appellont. But it is not by unloosing such hell-hounds as Kinyaoghlon upon a mutinous population, that any other quiet than the quiet of complete desolation is effected. No sooner des the mowed down people grow again, than they hate their cruel (oppressors worse than ever; and, Tenting curses not loud but deep, are banded together more strongly than ever in a fierce, sullen, and secret determination to resist the wi,l of the supreme government. Rebellion loses its criminality under an oppressive govern ment; and the mixture of cruelty in the punishment awarded to the rebellions bee-nines then especially odious. The greater part of the troops employed on this expedition have returned to Trebisand. Their lose amounted to some what more than 2,000 ; 300 of them perished by fever con tracted in the unwholesome air of Batoura. by regular troops, about 2,000, that were sent from Constantinople under the command of Omar Pasha, have never moved from their encampment outside the walls of Trebisond. Dur ing the winter they will go into barracks. In the spring, the opposition which is everywhere manifested by the inha bitants of this p rovince and of Eastern Turkey in general, against the tanz imat, which the government has resolved on enforcing, will no doubt call them into action. It may be worth while to inquire into the reason of this objection on the part of the people a system devised fur their better government. The solution may perhaps be found in this. The taxes imposed by the tanzimat are heavy, altkough they have the advantage of being few and fixed. But while the tithe and house-tax of the tanzimat arc levied by the tax-gatherer of the Sultan, the innumerable exactions of the local governors which are all abolished by the tanzimat, continue to be imposed upon the people, while the ventral government is impotent to afford them protection against this iniquitous system of plunder. The consequence is they are ground on both checks; and it may truly be said, to the bone. The heaviness of the sahlian or house tax may be gathered , from the fact that an impost of 200 piastres (nearly 2/.) is levied on the meanest dwelling. Besides these two burdens of the sahlian and onbelik, or tithe upon all produce, there are heavy excise duties called iktissab, levied upon all articles of consumption. Another feature in the tanzimat highly objectionable to the people is the conscrip tion. At present the main hardship of the conscription is done away with by the soldier's discharge after five years' service. But as this reform has only just come into opera tion, the inexperienced people regard the conscription with the same horror as when the soldier's enlistment was for life. Under the tanzimat the pashas are paid fixed salaries by the government, and they have no right to impose any tax whatever upon the people. The tanzimat also abolishes their power over the lives of the Sultan's subjects. If the people could be protected by the central government against their pitches, no doubt the establishment of the tanzimat, would improve their condition. But it may be questioned whether this protection can be ever made effectual in an empire so extensive, so badly furnished with means of com munication, and so subject to revolt as Turkey. The only hope far the people lies in the education and moral advance ment of the class from which their governors are selected. With respect to the military movement that is expected to be made in the spring for the enforcement of the tanzimat, it seems very likely to assume the shape of a sanguinary coer cion, which will only depopulate and desolate the districts intended to be improved. It would be condemning the government prematurely to suppose that it does not intend to curb the rapacity of the inches as much as possible at the same time that it enforces its system. But it would do well to begin by exacting obedience from the highest first, and conciliating the goodwill of the people by an impartisi dis tribution of justice, and care for their present welfare, instead of goading them into rebellion by the arbitrary and sudden enforcement of a system fraught to them with terrors, whe ther real or imaginary matters little. I may add that it is suspected by such as are familiar with the Turkish modus agendi, that the commissioner whom they talk of sending into Kurdistan, previous to the employment of military force, is designed rather to lull the people into a kind of false secu rity, than to make any genuine inquiry into their grievances. Keur Hussein, since his disappearance after the defeat he suffered, has cot been found. He is supposed to be still in the neighbourhood of Adjara, whose inaccessible forests have more than once sheltered him against the pursuit °this enemies. . _ The Sultan bas sent a sabre to Ham Pasha, as a token of his satisfactior, at the suppression of the rebellion. It were to be wished that His Highness had accompanied this gift with a bows tring for Kiayaoglon. THE RIO DE LA PLATA. LITT .nr00r.,R0.2.--'fliefoijo;ving letters, received by ace mmercial house in this town, by the Columbus, from Perna mbuco, were exhibited in the underwriters' rooms : Rro JANF.IHO, Seer. 13.—Mr. Hood came to an nrecment with the Mont e Videan Government on the 27th ult.; on the 29th, he visited the , amp of Oribe, and on the 30th he proceeded in H.M.S. Alecto to Itto .nos Ayres, to obtain the consent of Roos to the arrangement. Up to the 7th inst. nothing wan positively' known at Monte Video, but a F ..neral belief exited that Rows had refused to accede to the terms, • antes, Oribe was recognised as the legal President of the Oriental I Republic. On the 7th it was believed that negociations were entirely broken a by Mr. Hood, and that he was about to return to England. The same belief existed in Buenos Ayres, on the 4th of September, and doubloons bad risen to 300 dots. From Bahia we learn that H.M.S. Gorgon had arrived at Rio, on the 20th of September, with Mr. Hood on board, but the ultimate result of his mission was net known. Itivre PLATE, Biter. IS.—The Devastation (ship) arrived from Monte Video on the 13th inst., with dates to the 9th. Matters were still unsettled, and it was believed that some misunderstanding had arisen. Mr. lloodlafter . the Itiberista party had agreed to terms, found it necereary to revisit Dram's camp, after wtich ho proceeded to Buenos Ayres to communicate again with Baru,. Star. 19.—Since our last of the Nth inst. later adrift' from La Plata have been received. . river plate. mail Las last arrived wiAli dates to the I ltk ult. Mr. Hood was then at bribes camp, having, it is said, settled matters with BASIN. Report says of the basis of the arrangement with repro d to Monte Video, that there would be an election of a new president by the Chambers, and whoever is chosen will be supported by all parties. tribe is reported to he favourable te, this arrangement. Mr. Hood's Misdeon had closed, and it was expected he would soon apart in the (Argon fur Englawl, rift Rio. The Monte Vklean oven• ment hid determined to On in its sosinisseentel RUM 013 Aug. 26, but as ws arrived Rio Rio by Erinomus so Late as the 29th, s hen no decision place, something may basemen:red to pres ent t Lion to be depended on since the 1.. 41 1b had attired ITALY.—Rom E.—(From a CwelPondent very indisposed to find Loh with snything Papal States. The acts and dispo,itic. nit seem to promise important and beneficiai frenzy still continues. The slightest Mllteti new are the observed of all observeru, and he called to the balcony of his Palace in t give the " Benediaione." The whole weight, seems to depend on his single head. All rt opposed to him except two—the secretary, former, Gizzi, resigned the other day, st laboriously devised what he considered which, on his producing them in the ridiculed and contemned by the Cardinalic t° His Holiness refused the r es i gnat i on, and said hewo,,Le without the cardinals, and accordingly he ev a bb a • Council of State of his own. without Maudir cardinal. In the Diario di lima are gazetted 111;, is it a """ of the new Council, and their proposed funetions y it is quite true that a cardinal is under arrest ir (p ol l e in St. Angelo. It was d own a b out Pesaro, that k circulating a document ord ere d b y govenanent, he m u 17,3 a sort of rebellious affair of his own, reflecting ou thePto)%..- his government—hence this decisive step. A gentleman/is% just arrived from Ancona, describes . the enthusiasm or ,C people at its height, and triumphal arches and nova" as everywhere to be seen. The populace dscy re this shall be the lest pope—meaning that, if acco,i,; pens to him, they will never suffer another. eadit are in great danger, and eertainly I have not sys I have been in Rome. I fancy they are lying by. 47,77 the present pope were to die suddenly, front s earl the populace would be outraged, and swear that pZ had come to an untimely e nd, an d so take vcriceaare supposed criminals. It is i said that the Pope a ernat ost y h subject to epiliptie fits ; t these were to rea twee& pressure and excitement of present e i rcu mstsriew, loi; (see letter to the Atheneum two days since) not Ten: likely, who could answer for the event? Is there &aft; in the report that England is about to said an ease,„ Rome ? Not many days since, a pasquinade was ra c C: the door of the Quirinal whilst the sentinel was to and fro, the moment being chosen when the 1 47, back was turned. The paper ran somewhat 0. Giuia, Tutto coolish. Che fal I The Pope seised the paper, and, with his own: pended " aspetta, to vedra, ;" then ordering it to he 1 This excited a great sensation at Rome, as well it t since it shows not merely the existence of a party *At, able to the present state of things, but an intention la i c termination on the part of his Holiness to propose nic k through great measures. I was at Albano the day A g e l'ope had visited it, and even then everything w oe is appearance of a lie. Over . the gaunt ay of the thy I, placed this inscription "V iew, view, C Santo Padre, alea, dire i tuoi figli." Relics of arches and balconies, sad and flowers, were to be seen in every dirietion, Oki streets were full of lazy crowds, talking over she etio s i the preceding day, and extolling " loro bum° pace till I have seen their eyes fill with tee es. Wh i t i i t h be done for and with such a people as these ! Nereid man so fine an opportunity of reforming the ineit u ti cs , d a state, of securing the gratitude of his subject, endives talising himself as Pius IX. Let us hope that he IQ, equal to the task. NAPLES.— (From a Correspondent.) Forme, when you left Rome and entered Naples, it was as deli. ing into light from darkness: now, it is all recency Lik N has sprung up in the Papal States . aplc! is in thee darkness than ever. The Papal amnesty i.encigel-ih newspapers of the Holy Father prohibited-the pees heavily shackled—a bad policy, even . on the narr o w pica s of this narrow goveruniont, since it Inducto, a mina w an unfavourable one, with that very government whee l . hey has been hitherto considered as the mast stationary g to say retrograde, of any in Europe. You sin ads bs that a printer here has been arrested fur emu% thelsi Errant, and that new restrictions, as a consegseace,ly been placed on the press. The King ho. been Takagi troops through Calabria, and last week there was a epoci and an engagement between a Sicilian and a Seep tie regiment. The ruins have been so heavy as to eau c imam damage. A few months since, wine was tuba* fe water, and many cattle and some people died for vat I that pure element ; and now we hare it to excess. it fe tici, two houses were undermined by the rains, nil kl killing sixteen people. Vesuvius, which was most osmov quiet, has at length opened for itself a vent, and last rark,, sat at my window till a late hour watching its files, nth path of fight which fell across the sea seemed to este; with the volcano. Amidst all these movements, kowie political, military, meteoric,and volcanic, the opera taloa lead. Viva San Carlo ! TURIN.—(From a Correspondent.) —As I poi through Turin, I heard a great deal of goaip dna t King, and his relations with Austria and the otherness Italy. Yet, little does one hear of any indieatiout cif as improvement. I was amused, however, with rehash, attempt to reconcile the views of the two groat pities the mode of observing the Sabbath, by the establish.* an institution such as lam about hi describe. It UMW San Filippo NM opened a garden at Rome, on theEd St. Onotrin, for the reception of youth of both sexeiths day, on the principle of uniting pleasure with Turin priest, on a visit to the Eternal City, was soa.4 with the plan, that on his return, last April, be ean a garden near the Itione of the Po for the imep pose. After singing the vespers and a hytua the yso people are encouraged to give therr,elva sp to kinds of sports, or to r.ading, as their thee may nelin them. Thus, the games provided (sr them sn'aulsil* gymnastic—of bat, boccie," " piastrelle," niid omen: and, as for books, tables are covered with such uediss geography, arithmetic, fine arts, trade, and domes:inmost Every half hour a bell ring*, and, ceaeiog trom tlinee-u potions, says my informant, " Lodamo Gest' e Maria" lb is a curious mixture, it must be allowed, and I do BOri of it as offering anything at all worthy of imitation, lag, as illustrative of the great difficulty which it found sit= as elsewhere, in the treatment of a very delicacy& Here, the priests, instead of putting int.occut enjoys_` under the ban, and thereby constituting them tin, giving them the sanction of religion. The principles& mirable, however awkward may be the mode of eel; it out. BELGIUM.-131trSqELS, OCT. 30.—Importatim flour, duty free. —Leopold, King of the Belgian., Lt. t: —Seeing the laws of the 10th of June last, and the Di i Sept., 1815, and the Royal decree of August 2eth cerniug provisions, on the proposal of our ministers ofui Interior and Finances, and by the advice of our mann ministers—We have decreed, Art. I. Till the let of umber, 1846, flour of all kinds originating in Nannies a of Europe are declared free from duty when impaled the kingdom. A " Droit de Balance" of 10 centimes sn 1,000 kilogrammes shall be levied on articles of this defers tion. Art 11. Our ministers of the Interior and Finnan charged with the execution of the present iiccrec.—Gins l'aris, Oct. 27, 1846. By the King. Leopold. To th Minister of the Interior, Count do Thera; Finances, F. Maim'. The King and the Royal Family are expecte:lg Brussels at the end of this week. S, regal of euristri' have announced the arrival of Prince Louis Napo!ece Belgium. This is the second time that this erroneous istr tion has been made. The English journals say it is at Prince Louis Napoleon who ia gone to 13-leitita ba h cousin. Prince Jerome. Prince Louie is still at Brighten. A ItonnEa SOON CAUGRT.-011 Thursday itc• portant capture was made by 111 r. Willems, of the psi The police had been informed that a young clerk ticker! to a house near Newcastle had absconded with 20.000 f 15 and it was thought he had gone to Belgium. On this notice the police commenced a search, which vs ne, unsuccessful, for the young man was arrested by the t.it commissioner at the Hotel de Flandres, at Ghent , wi ke: greater part of the stolen property in his poseession• 2,000 francs only were missing. It seems, Whir ordinary, that the notice received from Englan into the post at Newcastle on the' 7th, and on the 2fch noon, the young man was already in the hands of the pia GERMANY.—BERLIN, Orr. 22.—A Get diplomatist, residing at Paris, states that the relation, tween the Cabinets of St. Petersburg and the Tuik r i es becoming more amicable from day to day. This especially not to have been without influence on an view of the Spanish and Danish questions, and * it b e ,• those circumstances the Cabinet of the Tuileries did tate to contract the marriage of the Duke of Mealr'n with the Infanta, notwithstanding the opposition wsz.*:-". in other quarters. The Grand Duke Constantine amo!; Berlin on the 24th. During his stay at Weimu he m a, himself to the youngest daughter of the reigning_7„, Saxe Altenburg. His Intended Alexandra is 17 Ir a . The betrothal of the Prince Royal of swedens4 efiit Luisa, i daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia, IS " L e m place mmediately after the return of Prince Ch o° Prince of Sweden has left Munich for Italy , to cong,Tr. the Princess on her recovery from her late severe The trial of the persona suspected of haring aided the insurgents of the Grand Duchy of Posen to K 9• , s commenced at Breslaw. Count Iteichenhaeli and r, Scher-From are the two principal necusud. The ee e l e ': . c° e p , l c ace urt e is . , theit is cr sai im d e , " em o ba f rrahatg undersidcd ''thheichpli>er'terepri; bo a 6' FRANKFORT, OCT. 22.—The estates pun the Elector of Heise in Bohemia, for his wife, the pt; ; of which is to have the rank of countess in Austras r a ,. we hear, cost the sum of 400,000 florins. The estates purchased in that country long since for ti5.,,^.7, of Reichenbach , is said to have amounted to tn" sum. OCT. 27.—The President of the Gerwl a Ts I C a o te un e t ve sd nu unc a h t B G e e l lninevgah.a.uschinch,hmasanyotcallyet i f n o v r l .oo ; icen.„,oo the part of France, Sardinia, and the State' of tlse. ration, have determined the count to delay hl rff • i - o It seems certain that the Grand Duchy of Ba n n o e on the Diet publishing a general law for the pr. 1)! sorship in the different States of the Con fed high court of censorship at Berlin has sent a . ;,::,08 bited works to the different publishers and hoolor'''' capital. This is an innovation. of LEMBERG, OCT. 18.—The fourteen ...-‘1131 2 first publication of the proclamations of Count 5 .. 0 I; e t the Lemberg Polish Gazette, expire the day aftert_n,, , ,f from which day the ordinance contained in the o."ri mations are to be enforced with the in ' Whether any Wes occur w hich _ lec tor , be any occasion to carry them into effect, .I tat s, mere publication of them has already so frifime' • --_,------- Rio by the as r e're . '""mn_,„ 4 ' 4 . ' ant nything , ea L ili Mal ).11(1C., OS of th e p c , e ,,61 seficiai change s . p.,,,._"" 41 7 e s a .st mnvetesnts onu s r ,rtall in, and sMd hew ---""11 :. errs e p e e it i ?rt, and 1 n:Thtly ith t . 'glace in tin : 0t4 14 MO be P ,ortal con glit g u t ir'l:--- . -"."..'."".'dodC °r re°P ' e'r eal i a ° 1 id i o t iel)az ri.ne l ; e d i n a .e n ghwenr Y n i c A: IviYe l ie d" ,. 3l:Mt u :ll l hi rd ait'eni e'llaliP en t h i mni E tri:g4 . lu:b m t g toncilCienbn°llftefe i fa t h e i 131:;' , '—'':. i b 16 4li t )17 : 1-.6 1. i .. e4711"5t 44!"t'a '''rlirlhe4ifi':ltAD'tbaaigni:dr".cli'l I are garetted the saes , or . ordi osed funetiona I LAW, 'der arrest. if not an uily Soil it Pesaro, that' nie,,,i 4 first PuLlat e d stra reflecting Oh the Po -e• - e (do , , 41 e step. A g en t , emint eit corm hes the enthusiasm of 5, ~er 1 al arches and '. Vin iti, • t...a s the populace decl are t h,,. thstl , g that, if auytt di - x tuna r another. The ' • " 1 of I I have not vets age* . cc',- T are Iyinp by, E y , ;, nCc WY. from watt me; 11. " P and swear that p,,,, i t Augt so take ecneeance mu, C and the l'opr was at os t ti t , Ale rem. to return we : ,s, , iat It circumstances ',lnd i a . 4 3 Of . days since) n o Very v i. ' , ent ? Is th ere any e r g , o hm *at to . said an oral% oral pasquinade was rad t A le the sentinel was pie. . c I hovn when the eik i - ii inn somewhat thus:— e ac tinny xi. Ri. , i , , with his own Itsa4. ~c n. ~ ti ordering it to he re m Rome, as nell It mo t , a m 'knee of a party Wang illlel ~ hut an intenti on se t ae e o peel tilers to propme Wain Albano the day dna, )roc cd ii then everything wai t a, - en . gateway of th e e i ty% • thaw ni, 0 :fa uto Padre, eta s , vine i and balconies, IQ 4 irol every direction, tan, -lc alkilig over !he merit 4,a ec iaed g " loro bunco peke twothed ith te ' ll ' Whit 11 0 war,ai plc as these ! Nereid . ea f rating the ineitaticasd , ['his s ubject,, and iota . cat at l t us hope that he eta 'de st 0 y( pondent.) Forte. ... iced aisles, it Vii as if ea' °rail ,it is all revered, Liu .. uuuh a. Naples ii in thee rOl amnesty Cenctutel-d, r. rohibited—the pros on tints Is on the narrow pica'. I a it induces a contrast, ai • 1, 1)1 ry government. Mara decide,. s the moat stationary, si hi s ‘i if rope. You aln wit kiss been u. at •d fur ?fiat* tat Jai ' onhe Ins, . as a eonseqta so, hit to Swot ing ha. been Takagi ly w week there was s cismi "tted iciliztu and a Saguia sews. teavy as to calve imam T 1: 1 •;•1•• ....ke .....A....A ... .. _ ko DE. to , , ic tort) l'artY I po.lice, hrates, period send ( rauges two of a rob*. of thi: his pa very .1 a bin, • d9u =lase t a i r t t ig tl. Mat lane Mel Prii Prii grol and to II