The Express. — London, England, 1864-12-21 00:00:00

ISTEGRETTI and ZAMBRA'S One Guinea and Two Guinea VIKLD GLIM= and TILWICOPILI are war- ranted as untivadle4 for power and Laney. and 4!a. In case oonsplete.-1. Batton -garden. KC. be, Cornhlll. KC.; ltt. Iteseut.etreet. W.; LS& Pleat-street; and Crystal Palace. JOHN BROODEN. ORIGINAL GOLD CHAIN MANUFACTORY, 16, IZENRIETTAATILEET. COVENT-GARDEN. JOHN BROODER'S GOLD CHAINS. JOHN BROGDEN'S GOLD GUARD CHAINS. JOHN BROG DEN'S G OLD ALBERT CHAINS. JOHN BROGDEN'S GOLD BROOCH CHAINS. MR. M ILES'S (the ORIGINATOR'S) worta.tueed lac TROUSERS can only be bad at 3, RR. roK. , TREET. HANOVER-SQUARE, bare " comps ti Owl le fairly distanced by Miles.' ALFRED WEBS MILEi. INTABLIBHRD 1811. WINTER OVERCOATS. Gentlemen are turned to inspect the NEW GOODS at 111111LTOS and ILDIFION'S, failors and Overcoadmakers, 105, STRAND (opposite Eceter-hall). REMEMBER! we wait Supper for you after the Covent Garden Opera. at EVANS . Fall not. zhe erpreots. TO CORREgrONDENTR. ..... ♦dvertisements Intended for The Express' London Evening ° P . m o m u u t t be a o t f the p l c 0 c . 0 . 1 0 Bot:reriretreet • by Two HA YMARKET. TIII9 EVEN. MO. fill, sCIIoOL FOR SCANDAL Messrs. Blackstone, Chippendale. Howe, Fasten, Rogers ; Mesdames Angel. Snowdon. and Fittwillians—NO SONG NO SUPPitit. 31r. Compton and Mass lieslo.—And OCR MAR I( ANNE PHINCMcs. ‘ Tao rraNnwo. BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Mr. D. Murray. And nit. slitKELs OF LONDON. !lows. Vining. J. W. Any, D. Fisher, D. Burro, J. Nelson. U. Forrester. and H. Mellon. Ales. H. Manton, IlOsee Barnett and Gwynne. LYCEUM. • I•flrs ErrsMO, MY WIFESVII. 7 I. Mr. Wlftilicomb.- IZI'Y BLA.S. 'Messrs. lecliter, It)iler, Yit/pstrii h. Charles, !I clut) re, 'Raymond, Mortlaud, Collett. Clifford: Mtn. C. Leclercif, Mr.. •Wlnstanley. —and NVIL , EY CHICKWEED. Mr. Watilicomb. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. TITI Mir 510rumg. 711. 4m Aftern —•— oo --- n, 7h. 25m. /u-Aohlivw Slortum{, 7h. 511 m Afterno,m, ah. 23m. LONDON, IV EDS ESDA Y, DECEMBER 21. Tux inquest on the killed iu the frightful Black heath Tunnel accident has already brought to light the main causes of the catastrophe. What degree of criminal responsibility these may lay upon any individual is a question which cannot be properly discussed until at least after the verdict shall have been given. But there is, in the meantime, no reason that the facts should not be considered, and that such deductions with reference to railway management as are not concerned with the guilt of individuals should be pointed out. The material facts are, indeed, of moment from day to day to the buudreda of thousands who every day travel by railway, for they show a weak point in the system which till now has been believed to be a thoroughly effective precaution against accidents by collision. It has been thought that if the plan is adopted of never allowing a train to proceed until the next station has telegraphed that the line is clear, it is physically impossible there should be collision. But this arrangement was in force on the North Kent hue, and, as one of its officials declares, it " worked beautifully." Nevertheless, the acci dent happened simply through the error of • signalman, who telegraphed that the line was clear when in fact it was not clear. How this came to pass a review of the evidence will show. The tunnel which was the scene of the accident is nearly a mile in length, lying between the Charl ton and Blackheath stations. Nearer its entrance than Charlton is the junction of the Angerstein wharf branch, and at all these points there is a signal station. toil Friday the Angerstein signal man, at 3.39, sent on a train which had come on the main line from Charlton. At 3.39 he sent on a coal train which had come from the Angerstein branch. At 4.1'2 he received a signal from Black heath that this train had passed, and he repeated this signal to Charlton. Here there was a ballast train waiting. It started immediately, passed the junction at 4.18, and soon entered the tunueL But the rails were damp and slippery, there is a considerable incline, and it came to • standstill before is reached the Blackheath end. Meantime the passenger train which should have followed was kept waiting at Charlton. Getting impatient the stationmaster there telegraphed to Blackheath, and immediately received the answer that the line was clear. The train then started, at 4.32 ; it overtook the ballast train in the tunnel, and ran into it. The driver and guard of the ballast train had meantime been doing what they could to get out of the way. They had thrown sand and gravel on the rails to make the wheels of the engine bite, and the guard had gone back i to uncouple some of the trucks, in order that the engine might proceed with the first half, and then come back fur the rest. While iu this azt he felt a shock, which led ]tin to reproach the driver for moving the engine. The driver disclaimed the charge, and said that he also had felt a jar. When they reached the Blackheath statiou the signal luau was in consternation, for he had believed the line to be clear; he had telegraphed that it was so, and had received in answer a message that the passenger train had started. When they all ran back to the tunnel they found the wreck, with the dead and wounded. The signalman at Blackheath who made this fatal blunder was not, it seems, the regular officer, but a porter who occasionally acted as assistant signalman. The probability from the circumstances is that he had mistaken the coal train which came on the line at Vie Angerstein junction, and safely passed Blacl.ficath, for the ballast train which he was told was on its way from Charlton. The signal for both Iw], .o have been the same—three beats; and it is far from unnatural that an occasional signalman b i l J 41.1 have made such a mistake, when the two had only 19 minutes between them, and no jcissetier train intervened. Very possibly the error will be fouoil to have been so natural that it cannot be called criminal. lint the result is to show that this system of signalling, which has been represented as so perfect, and almost so self-acting, demands after all a very close attention and a very large experience. A momentary haziness of mind on the l i nertion whether a train which passed a ijuarter of an hour ago was the train signalled from a station or from a junction proves fatal. A man would ho dismissed his post who should keep au express waiting till he had satisfied himself o❑ site:i a point ; but acting instantly he may make a blunder, and his blunder is irre trievable. The attention must sometimes flag from weariness, or ill health may unconsciously produce for a moment indistinctness of recollection. When BiaiN los walked his rope a hundred feet over head it was often urged that the steadiest brain may at some instant give way to the dizzi ness of intliiiebtioo. But on a railway it is not one life only that hangs by such a thread. The like cause acting on signalman, engine-driver, guard, or pointsman involves the lives and limbs of scores at once. We have certainly no wish to exaggerate the dangers of a mode of travelling which is after all a necessity, and which contributes so sack to the ewe fort and convenience of life ; but the circumstances of this case are remarkable in that they point out not only a source of danger but what might also be converted into an additional source of safety. We have seen that the guard and engine-driver of the ballast train, when actually engaged about it, observed a " shock " or "jar " which they did not understand. This was the collision which killed five platelayers who were on the end truck of their own train. The steam blowing off from their own engine prevented their hearing a noise, and the terrific blow was so deadened by the intervening trucks that it scarcely excited a remark. The same fact was observed by those in the passenger train who were furthest from the engine. This very remarkable circum stance offers a suggestion to our railway companies. It would seem that our safety may be secured with out resorting to the expedient of putting a director to act as buffer, as has been proposed ; the milder method of putting one or two empty carriages or trucksat each end of every train would suffice. These, on being smashed, would break the shock to the pas sengers. It is indeed the common experience of all such cases that a few carriages only are injured, while little or no harm is done to the rest. Doubtless something may be constructed still better for the purpose than empty carriages. Common break vans, however, will not do, for they are built of great strength, expressly to bear a shock, and what is required is something that will give way under it. it is very easy to familiarise to our minds the principle on which this source of safety depends. A train at thirty miles an hour is moving at the rate of about forty feet per second, and this is the rate at which, as mathematicians tell us, we should strike the ground if we fell from a window about eighteen feet above it. This is a height quite enough to kill or break the legs if we alight upon the pavement, but as our firemen know it is no very dangerous leap if we are received in something elastic and yielding. What is wanted, then, is some arrangement which will allow the loaded carriages to be brought to a standstill with less than the violence of a fall on the pavement. Till our rail way engineers can devise an arrangement ex pressly for the purpose we know that a couple of empty carriages will serve it, and we may fairly ask that they shall be reserved for this purpose in every train. No precaution of signalling should be omitted, but since we have learned that signalling is not always infallible, we must insist that some thing else than human bodies shall be used to convert a collision into a scarcely perceptible jar. ebt !tour. OSBORNE, Dec. 20. The Queen and Princes' Beatrice walked and drove in the grounds yesterday afternooos ; and again this morning her Majesty and the royal family took their usual exercise. Prince's Louise also drove out. Earl De-Ls-Warr, Sir Alexander Bannerman, Mr. C. Leathern, end Mr. J. V. Drysdale, severally had an inter view with the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, at the Colonial-office, yesterday. THE EX-PRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 111, 1864. (FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTI.) ST. JAMES'S PALArE, Der. 17.—The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of the Hight Hon. Lord Foie°. to appoint Henry Jobling Wallack, Esq., late cap tain in the ;7th Il.,;:naeut, one of her Majesty's honourable corns of gentlemet-at.arras, vice Maitland Barnard, Esq., resigned. gi. JAME,'S PALACE, D. 17.—The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of the Right Hon. Lord Foley, to appoint Lieut.-Colonel John Henry Lowndee, late of the ilth Regiment of Foot, one of her Majesty's honour able corps of gentlemen -at-arms, vice Charles J. Sawyer, resigned. . _ _ LORD AIIBERLAIN'S OFFICE, DEC. EL Notice is hereby given, that the state ap►rtments of Windsor Castle will be open to the public on and alter Thursday, the 22nd inst., under the usual regulations. The Prince Edmond de Polignac has arrived at the Brunswick Hotel. Jenny:l-street. from Paris. Their Royal Ilijinessea the Duke and Duchess d'itimale are expected to arrive at Strawberry Hill, Twick enham, on Monday next, from their seat near Evesham, Worceetershire, on a visit to Frances Countess Waldegrave and the Right Hon. Chichester Fortescue, The Doke and Duchess of Wellington have been entertaiaiog a select party at Strathfieldsaye, Rants. The Marquis and Marchioness of Hastings have enterte;ned during the past week, at Donnington Park. the Earl and Countess of Winchilsea and Lady Constance Finch Hatton, the Eirl and Countess of Uxbridge and Miss Heinen., Viscount Marsh►m and Lady Constance Marsham, Viscountess Gteotworth and Colonel Baillie, Lord Court*. nay, Lord Henry Paget, Lord Berkeley Paget. Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Wombwell, The Earl and Countess of MAltnesbury returned to town on Saturday from visiting the Marquis and Mar chioness of Bath at Longleat, and left on Monday (or Heron Court to entertain ► select circle during CLristmas. The Marchiouess of Loudouderry has had a relapse of her illness, and is at present considered to be in a dan gerous state. Her ladyship's family are still with her at Seabara Hall, and the Duke of Marlborough was sent fur on Saturday night. A propoual has been started in Yorkshire to erect • memorial to the late Earl of Carlisle. A site is tug gusted at Sbngsby Banks, • prominent situation between Halton and Ca.tle Howard. Cardinal Wiseman has been for some time past labouring under severe indisposition, and bas been unable to attend to his ecclesiastical duties. At the meeting of the Statistical Society yester day, Colonel NV. H. STK E-s, in the chair, the fol lowing gentlemen were elected fellows of the society, viz. :•-Lieut.-Colonel .t. P. Kennedy, E. A. Hadley, H. NV. Thompson, J. T. Mionett, E. T. Blakely, W. 11. Davis, Geo. Senior, H. Snttoo, P. Hill. F. I'. Follows, and T. Hudson. MR. AND Mites. CHARLEs KEAN.—III October Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean were playing before crowded and enthusiastic audiences at San Francisco—the pieces se. letted being Kio, Th , S✓rrr. and Ilarnht. Mr. Kran's embodiment of his great Sbaksperiao characters (says the Goldod Era) created a perfect hn or, The Italian papers tell of a gross case of religious intolerance as having occurred at Bergamo, where a pro testant minister, having secured a place for public worship, gent round circulars to announce his intention of preaching there last Sunday. On that day, as he was about to enter the house where the meeting was to be bald, he was at tacked, knocked down, and beaten, and escaped with diffi culty from his assailants. These were joined by other per sons, who heaped abuse on all heretics and protestanta, and were even about to attack the house in _which the sermon was to h►ve been preached, but were ?revented from ao doing. The authorities had been informed that threaten. lag letters had been soot the day before to the evangelical minister, but they had omitted to take precautions. The disreputable affair is attributed to the man.ruvres of the clerical party. A letter from Berlin of the 18th says :—" at the present moment are all but forgotten by the press no lees than the public. Everybody is preparing for the grand holiday of the German tear, fur Christmas. Cart loads of young fir trees stand for sale on all oar public squares nod market-places ; and in some parts of the town the Christmas fair has been inaugurated by the erection of booth, and stalls in which every kind of toy and sweetmeat may be purchased in onler to be Mimi like artificial fruit on the Christmas tree, an object which is never missing at this time of the year in any German family. Christmas in Germany is rather the children's than the adults' festival. Adults, however, must eat lollipops with all the eagerness of childhood it they don't wish to gain the reputation of being cynics. The practice of making Christmas bones for presents here is universal. A man who does not spend the twelfth part of his income in this way is almost regarded as a barbarian." LATEST INTELLIGENCE. AMERICA. (ulna's =mum.) ARRIVAL OF THE MORAVIAN. The Montreal Ocean Company's steamship Mora vian, from Portland, on the 10th inst., arrived at Greencastle at 5.45 a.m. to-day. (Via Greencastle.) MOT YORK, Die. 10, MORNING. The Richmond papers report that Sherman's principal force remained several days near Millen, gathering supplies. Sherman resumed his march on the 2nd from the north of Millen, and on the 3rd was some distance south of that place. Richmond papers of the 7th state that Sherman is at last approaching the coast, and that there are troops in his front who will resolutely dispute his advance towards Savannah or Darien after he passes a certain point. Sherman's advance is rumoured to be skirmishing with the outposts round Savannah. The Southern papers claim another victor• by Wheeler over Kilpatrick between Milledgeville and Millen. Kilpatrick is reported wounded. Federal accounts represent Foster to have en countered considerable resistance in his advance from Hilton Head. The Charlatan Mercury states that after the en gagement at Grahamsville, Foster retired three miles towards the cover of his gunboats, and was fortifying his position. He left 1,300 killed and wour.ded on the field. Hood continues to besiege Nashville. He has established a battery on a bluff 14 miles down the river. Seven gunboats failed to dislodge him. One of them has returned to Nashville damaged. One brigade of Hood's army has moved in the direction of Murfreesboro. It is rumoured that Forrest has crossed the Cumberland River and is moving towards Kentucky. Grant is reported to have been reinforced by two corps of Sheridan's army. Two corps of Grant's army were massed near the Jerusalem Plank Road on Tuesday, and marched ou Wed nesday towards Stoney Creek Station. A whole negro corps crossed the James River, and occupied a line extending from Fort Har rison to the river. The Richmond papers anticipate a renewal of the attack by Grant. Mr. Lincoln has made& speech at Washington, in which he said, " All knew where Sherman went iu at, but he could not tell where he would come out at." Mr. Seward, in a letter to Mr. Adams, indig nantly refused the request of Lord Wharnelitle to distribute aid to Confederate prisoners in Northern states. The Provost Marshal has urged upon all officers to exercise extraordinary vigilance against the anticipated invasioL by the Confederates from Canada. A bill has been introduced into the Confederate Congress sequestrating the property of perNons liable to military service who depart from the Con federacy without permission. The blockade runners Vixen, Mail, and General Armstrong have been captured. The Hansa has arrived out. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, DEC. 10, Moas-rsc. Money easy.' Gold, 139 per cent. premium. Exchange ou London, 260 ; on I'aris, 2.81 to 2.131. Stocks steady. New York Centrals, 121 P,. Illinois, 13011. Erie, 94i. 5-20 United States Bonds, 1081. Cotton in good inquiry. Middling Upland, 13lc. Flour and wheat slightly firmer. Coru quiet. Pro visions dull. Coffee good inquiry. Sugar advancing. Molasses slightly firmer. Petroleum : crude, Mc.; refined, 72c. NEW YORK, Dec. 10, 1 F.M. slonev easy. Gold, 1381 per cent. prem. Stocks dull. New York Centrals, 121 ; Illinois, 1291 ; Erie, 94 ; 5-20 United States Bonds, 108li. The Edinburgh, Virginia, and Bremen take out 600,000 dollars. (From the Tinza Telegram.) NEW 1 - 01:1i, Die. 10,1 r.m. Grant hss been further reinforced. Ou Tuesday nizht he advanced the second and fifth corps towards Stoney Creek, preparatory, it is believed, to a general movement upon Richmond and Peters burg. Richmond papers of the 7th inst. state that the movement was expected and fully provided against. At the latest accounts Sherman was between the Ageechee and Savannah Rivers, moving towards Savannah. A great battle was hourly expected. A bill has been introduced into the Confederate Congress authorising tho enrolment of 40,000 ne groes fur work on the fortifications and camp duties. PRUSSIA AND THE DUCHIES. The auuexionist ideas which, at the moment of the return of the troops to Berlin, seemed to have gained ground among the population in Prussia, have given way during the last few days. Several German journals, in opposing a policy of annexa tion, predicted a long time ago that the greatest ob stacle to its success would be the population of the Duchies, who desire to form Schleswig-Holstein into an independent State. The government of Berlin appears to have discovered the existence of this opposition. The National G.l:elk, for instance, expresses itself in these terms : It is certain that if public opinion in the Duchies of the Elbe were consulted under any form whatever, either by convoking the former State' of thecountry or the represent ative institutions established by the constitution of DIP, or by an appeal to the corporations and the communes, or to universal suffrage, the great majority of the people would declare for the independence of the duchies under the Prince of Augustenburg. An annexation of those provinces, effected in opposition to their positive wishes, without the recognition of the great powers, and in presence of the pro wet o f the Gamlen governments, would be, even in a Prussian point of view, an acquisition dangerous and timer tamp, and one equivalent to a definitive postponement of the organization of the oountry. We therefore persist in be. lieviog that the best means of arriving promptly at a regu lar aitustion would be to recognise the Prince of .Augusten burg as the aorereigo of the dachies. As to the pending negotiations between Vienna, Berlin, and Kiel, the Bank Gazdte of Berlin states that Prince Frederick of Augusteuburg has declared himself disposed to accept all the conditions which may be imposed on hini " in the general interest of Germany," even at the sacrifice of his sove reignty, but that he declines any exclusive arrange ment with Prussia. THE MINOR GERMAN STATES. The German journals continue to dwell on the project formed, as they state, by Bavaria, of as sembling at Munich a conference of the secondary states. A letter from Munich, addressed to the Botschafter of Vienna, speaks of au autograph letter which the King of Bavaria had addressed to the King of Hanover, requesting his adhesion to this conference, the object of which is to counter balance the influence of Austria and Prussia in the settlement of the question relative to the succession of the Duchies. It appears that the King of Hanover has made a reply favourable to the project of the King of Bavaria. According to rirooure current at Munich, the Bavarian government has assumed an energetic and decided attitude on behalf of the national cause, and the secondary states are all disposed to support each other. The same writer mentions a letter which the King of Barony has addressed to the King of Bavaria, congratulating him on the position which be has adopted in the crisis through which the Germanic Confederation is now passing. (aitrTn's nazaiums.) SPAIN. THE PROPOSED ABANDONMENT OF SAN DOMINGO. MADRID, Dm. 2L The ministry have submitted to the Queen a draft of the speech from the throne upon the open ing of the Cortes, proposing the abandonment of San Domingo. Queen Christina has arrived here. THE PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, Dec. 16. Prince Couza has opened the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies in person, in presence of the diplomatic corps and the great bodies of the state. The message delivered by the Prince was greatly applauded. MAILS FOR INDIA AND CHINA. MARSEILLES, Dec. 19. The Messageries Imperiales mail steamer Mwris left this day with 66 passengers, 641 packages, and 207,6401. iu specie for India and China ; 86 pas sengers, and 454,874/. in specie for Alexandria. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (MOM OUR OWN:CORRZSPONDRRT.) PARIS. TUESDAY Ernmcc. The New Year's receptions at the Tuileries will be curtailed owing to the gloom occasioned by Mocquard's death. The Emperor will, as a matter of form, receive military men on January 1 ; but the usual receptions by the Emperor and Empress on January 2 will not take place. It is very positively stated that an obscure provincial print, published at Besancon, and called the Jrmrikil de la Fianehe Condi, is desig nated as a chosen vessel for the propagation of the ideas of the half dozen men who aim at the formation of a tirra parti with the motto "The Empire and Liberty." M. Latour du Moulin, a deputy, formerly censor of the press, whose newly-fledged liberal opinions were lately ridiculed and reprimanded by the Pup, is the active patron, and it is said that the Duke de Morny himself will deign occasionally to write a few paragraphs. The new political journal which M. Peyrat has at length obtained leave to publish, the Arenir National, will appear on Jan. 2. The government has prohibited M. E. Pelletan from fulfilling his engagement to deliver lectures in the Freemasons' Hall, Rue Cadet ; the avowed rea son for this piece of tyranny is scarcely less odious than the act itself. Opposition deputies who have a legal tribune elsewhere are not, it is said, as a general rule, to be suffered to enhance their per sonal importance by appearing on any platform whatever. Another glossary this on the working of universal suffrage ! M. do Brecey, an opposition candidate, has been elected councillor-general iu the Manche against the government prot<'•g^, M. Boudier. A letter from Rome says that a delegate of the Israelitish Society is now canvassing iu the Ghetto for emigrants to Jerusalem, which he says it is in tended to transform into a Hanseatic town peopled by Jews from all parts of the world. The newsmongers who promulgated the intelli gence that Victor Emmanuel had been shot at were willing to compromise afterwards for a slight attack of apoplexy. But all authentic accounts concur in stating that the King is perfectly well, and that there is no shadow of foundation for the sinister rumours circulated. Madame Scribe writes to the papers, contra dicting the news that the revision of the libretto of Meyerbeer's ..4fricaine had been entrusted to a young poet. She says that her husband, in his lifetime, completed the work to the satisfaction of M. Meyerbeer, and that no one has now a right to change a line without her permission. She has delegated to two of M. Scribe's old assistants the task of attending the rehearsal, and making such alterations as may be found necessary to put the piece upon the stage. The Bourse, after some fluctuation, closed very heavily with a fall in the Rente of Isc. for cash and 10c. for account, closing at Gsfr. Isc. and 65fr. 25c. Dlobilier fell 81r. 75c. Railways are without much change. WEATHER REPORT.-(THIS DAY.) REDNYNDAT, DEO , -115113 r.l, 8 LW. T. F. Ei Nairn.. 1101 i Sit r'. Aberdeen . 2e; 40, EN E. Guth Ardroama 30.20 301 N. Greeucmtle 30.22 44 E.N.E. Galway Valenta% Cape Clear 31.14 Si! NE. Queenstown 30.18 33 N. Liverpool 3)07 40 N.W. Holyhead Pamteooe 30.11 41 N. Penrau.m L'Orlen. 3004 43 N.N. Kochalort Plymouth Weymouth 31.0s 44 N. W. Portsmouth_ 30.05 43 N.V.', Loodoo 30.03 40 W.S.W. 1. r 90.14 42 N. Yarmouth icarborough 3 1.0) 49 K Melds 110/Roland — 771UK , T1S. tn N., fresh to mo derate. PIODABLI. og hos:HUBS! STUDAY. Coals. N.E. to S. 11. and S. moderate to fresh, generally fine. .N. %V. to F.. N. E., WIPTICIia. \.F. tea: moderate, fresh, generally tine. generally fine. NW. to N.E. and E., 84111111111. As nest above. fresh to moderate. S N. E. and to LITIPJI. .W.. fresh to mo dentc, In places ,me rain. N.W to N.E. and R.E., moderate to froth. Northern =Scotland. Warfare= Ireland. WILIrn. lad 14 9. een:ica. door orru =Englith Channel and hay of Illacny, fidatoen mdiastarard England and North Saa. A St. Petersburg letter mentions that on the 13th Sir Andrew Buchanan, the new British Ambassador at the Court of Runic, and Lady Buchanan commenced their receptions at the &ohslay. The official world and the most distinguished society of the capital attended in great numbers. Among the high society of Turin, a decision has been come to that every person whose name stands in the Oti , ,t/G l ,/..., , te as having given Mr. to the Mendicity Asylum shall be considered to have fulfilled all the duties of polite- ness relative to visits on the first of the year. The Spanish journals uiention that Queen Chris tina, wishing to proceed to Madrid, is detained at Palencia, in Old Castilla, in consequence of the roads and railway being blocked up with snow. According to Baron Haussmann's statement, just presented to the Municipal Council, the number of homes pulled down in Paris during the year 1864 has been 256, and the number built 2.781 ; since 1852,12,696 houses have been removed. and 63,925 new ones erected. Many interesting specimens of ancient art were recently exhumed at Pompeii, among them four bronze vases of admirable form, and an eleg►nt matble table, on which is a statuette of Victory, executed in a most mas terly style. PRACTICAL DIETARY. Dr. Edward Smith, who has become well-known to general redden by his late official inquiries in oonnexioe with the public health, has just published • volume called " Practical Dietary for Families, Schools, and the Labour ing Classes." The book is dedicated to the wife of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. "To no lady," says Dr. Smith, addressing Mrs. Gladstone, " are the poor under greater obligations than to yourself ; and you would, I am sure, be gratified if all classes of the community should acquire more correct views on the important sub ject of diet." Dr. Smith urges the distribution among the poor of handbills with the heading, " The cheapest and best kinds of food," and he supplies the con tents. Amongst his directions are such sentences as the following :—" If you are very poor, spend nearly all your mosey on breed. Bread and milk porridge make the best breakfast for husband, wife, and children. Butter-milk is a very goad and cheap food. Whey is food, ands a much better drink than water or beer. Every member of the family should, if possible, h►ve two pints of new milk, skim milk, or butter-milk daily. With plenty of bread and milk there will probably be health and strength and no doctors' bills. When you can buy indieu oorn meal you will find it • stronger and cheaper food than Sour. Potatoes are the best of all garden vegetables. Tea is a very dear food. If you are very poor do not buy any tea, but spend your money in bread and skim milk. When you cannot obtain sufficient milk, and must drink tea, let it be weak, and add u much milk sa you can to it ; but it is then better to make broth for breakfast and dinner. Hot food is both more agreeable and digestible than cold food. Children, old and feeble people, need hot food more than strong adults. When you are very poor, ►d have not enough to eat, do not drink cold fluids." The teetotallers may like to know that Dr. Smith is convinced that the use of wine is quite unnecessary in the ordinary conditions of health, and that all the elements which give value to wine, except the alcohol, which has been added to it, are found equally in the socalled light wines and the strong wines of Spain and Portugal ; and hence ordinary claret is quite as valuable to the system under numerous conditions both of health and disease as port or sherry. With regard to beer he says, " Whilst we cannot deny to burs the position of foods, it may be doubted whether they are neoessary ones, and whether others can not be found which offer the same advantages at a less cost. It is impossible to regard them as economical foods, whilst as medicinal agents they may have much value, and as luxurious foods they may supply a want in the prefect st►te of society." A V•LUABLI CHURCH LIVING. OFFERED FOR SALE. —Yesterday morning Mears. Fox and Bousfield offered for sale by auction, at Garraway's, the " valuable advowson, with right of next presentation to the rectory of Pickworth," stated by the Clew List and the Clerical Directory to be in the gift of the Duke of St. Albans. The auctioneer dwelt upon the fact that the living was situate in the high lands near to Folkingham and Grantham, that it was adja cent to the domains of several noblemen and gentlemen of rank, and that it proved an agreeable sphere for clerical usefulness. He added, as an inducement to pur chasers, that the present incumbent was an old gentle man SO years of age, the duration of whose life might be calculated from the tables usually relied upon in such cases. The purchaser might at all events calculate upon having a very speedy right of nomination to the benefice. There was • comfortable stone-built rectory house, with gardens and glebe land, sod the income was 400!. a year. For this living, with its many advantages, the auctioneer asked for • bidding, suggesting the sum of 4,000/. as a starting-point No one seemed to fall in with the auctioneer's views, and silence prevailed in the room until an adven turous individual offered 1,500 t. From that point the biddings ran up with tolerable rapidity until they reached 2,950/., and they then came to a dead stop. The auctioneer urgently pressed for further advances, but no more otters came. He said he had received many letters from Oxford and Cambridge up to that very morn ing complaining that sufficient time had not been afforded to purchasers, and he thought his client's interests did not justify him in knocking down the property at that sum. He must therefore withdraw it if no further advances were made ; the paucity of offerers he attributed to the dulnes. which usually prevailed just before Christmas. There were no further offers, and the auctioneer himself having raised the bidding 3,000/. knocked it down at that sum—thus, according to the technicalities of trade, "buying it in." The property is, theref are, still in the market.—Posy. FATHER OAKELEY AND THE TRACTARIAN MOVE MENTS. —The long-promised " Historical Notes on the Tractarian Movement—lS33-45," by Father ()Ailey, for merly Fellow of Banjo!, proves to be • reprint from the Dublin &Tarte. It is dedicated to Dr. Newman "in token of deep and grateful reverence," and in • preface Mr. Oakeley says that "where Dr. Newman's narrative is fouol to differ from mine, I wish to make an un qualified resignation of my testimony in his favour?' Mr. Oskelet's conclusion is that the more accurately we exa mine the character of the tractarian movement, the more "we are thrown back from the uncertainty of our own conjectures upon the mystery of the Divine operations." Twice before, he says, in these latter centuries has the Ro man catholic chinch seemed in • way to regain her bold upon the English nation—in the reign of the First Mary and that of the Second James. But " the cup of promise ' was dashed *way from her lips before it bad neared them, and the hope which for the moment bad been awakened bad its reaction in periods of a still deeper depression." And then be vatures • surmise as to the Provi dential intentions. As the aristocracy have disap pointed them, perhaps the triumph will come with the poor. " May it have been," he says, " that her Lord reserved for her some better destiny ; that He would have the work of restoration to begin, not from above, bat from below ; its instruments to be, not the princes and nobles of this world, but the missionaries of the poor ; that He would lay its foundations deep in the spirit of obedience, con scientiousness, and self-sacrifice, indeed of suffering it to be hurried into a premature and evanescent luxuriance, under the baneful action of influences which might have accele rated its growth without insuring its stability," THE CIVIC WARDNOTE.4.—To-day being the Feast of St. Thomas, the various wardmotes will be held in the City of London for the election of Commou Councilmen, and the transaction of ordinary business. There are eo sub jects of great importance to be discussed, and it is not ex• reefed that there will be much interest evinced at any of the meetings. According to present appearances all repre sentatives io the Court of Common Council who have serval during the past year will be re-elected without opposition in the wards of Aldersgate, Busishaw, Billingsgate, Broad street, Candlewick, Castle Barnard, Coleman-street, Cord wairsers, Cordial, Dowate, Farriugdon Withio, Fsrringdon Without, Lime-street, Queenhithe, Vintry, and Walbrook. From .11dgate Mr. Broadwater retires, and there are two candidates for the vacancy—Mr. H. Madan and Mr. E. D. Rogers. In Bishopagato all the old members offer themselves for re-election, and there are three additiood candidates, viz.. Mr. G. W. Buddrach, Mr. G. Richardson. and Mr. Rigby. Mr. A. J. Ridley offers himself as a candidate in Bread-street, in addition to the old members. Mr. Deputy Pewtross re tires from the representation of Bridge, and Mr. 11. Matthew also retires. There are three new candidates, Mr. J. T. Mess, Mr. Arnold, and Mr. J. P. Taylor. The death of Mr. Deputy Houghton creates a vacancy is the ward of Cheap ; and others are expected. '1 he new candidates are Mr. J. T. Boutemps. Mr. B. B. (bridge, Mr. T. Wheeler, Mr. W. Wright, and Mr. Wilson. Mr. Jesse Turner is a candidate for Cripplegate. In Langbourne Ward • vacancy occurs by the resignation of Mr. Cowin. There are three candidates, viz, Mr. Finlay, Mr. Alger, and Mr. Bowring. From the Tower Ward, Mr. ex-Sheriff Nissen and Mr. Redhead retire. The candidates are Mr. J. Forster. Mr. Higginbotham. Mr. E. Smith, Mr. B. Corcoran, Mr. H. Este, and Mr. Levitt. In Portaken Ward there will be a vacancy by the retirement of Mr. T. J. E. Smith. There are likely to be several candidates. COURT OF ALDERMEN.—At a Court of Aldermen held yesterday, and presided over by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, • report was brought up from the General Purposes Committee on the reference relative to the conduct of the business at the justice rooms at the Mansion-bona and Guddball, which recommended that Mr. George Colwell Oke, who the committee stated had for • number of years ably and efficiently discharged the duties of assistant clerk at the Mansion-house, and who during the many maths' absence of Mr. Goodman, the late chief clerk, had satisfac torily performed the duties of that office, should be ap pointed to attend the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor as chief clerk in the justice room of the Mansion-house. The report was, upon the motion of Mr. Alderman Wilson, unani mously adopted without any discussion. This appointment leaves the appointment of assistant clerk, which hal been previously held by Mr. Oke, vacant, and it is understood that Mr. Youle, the clerk of special sessions, who has for some months been discharging the duties of assistant clerk to the Lord Mayor, is • candidate, and at present the only one, for the office. THE RIGHT MAN IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT SOUTH AMMON. —The place if the Postrnastership. The man is Mr. William Cooper. The qualification of the latter for the former consista in a service of thirty years as chief clerk in the Southampton Post-office, and a special knowledge of its business acquired during that time. Mr. Cooper is a sound liberal, but the claims of the man to occupy the place are so much greater than those of anybody else, that the would be recognised by any conservative government whi c h dispensed patronage with the least regard to merit. A government professing liberal principles, would, if it acted on any principle at all but that of favouritism, appoint Mr. Cooper to the Southampton Postinutenhip, although, in stead of being on the right side, he were an out-and-out Derby ite, and it were his fault that Southampton, as far aa she is represented at all, is represented by a tory. These things being considered, we should not wonder if the right mall, Mr. Cooper, were actually put by the Postmaster- General under Lord Palmerston into the right place—this rootamadorahip of Boothamptoo.—Punt, LAW INTELLIGENCE. (THIS DAY.) COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH. - • After Term Nisi Prim Sittings at Guildhall. --1I:.' I. Chief Justice Cockburn and a Special .liny.) JART r. THE LONDON AND SOUTH WEITLRN t: , COMP/L.IY. - . . This was an action to recb;ei 7 cOtn peosation iu de. . . injuries received by the plaintiff ill hi, personalro A scoa to London. The defendants had paid court. — Wien the case was clilled on the learned cou?..-1 01. Serjeant Mallantine and Mr. Hawkins, ().C.) been arnurged that a verdict should be taken by ,t 600/. beyond the 5004 paid into court. A verdict was then taken for 1,1001. COURT OF PROBATE AND DIVoL E . (Before the Judge Ordinary.) CLIZTWYND I. CHETWYND -FART lII'. 3. ... . . • Mn. Blanche Chetwynd .ued for a divorce in. t. of cruelty and adultery ; and the reepoodeut, 1.., clrtrges, pleaded various recriminatory allegatioi,... The Queen's Advocate, Mr. Kerslake. Q.c„ M r , Ballantyne, and Mr. Hannan for the potttiou. r ; ‘! Hawkins, Q.C., and Dr. Kenealy for the respondec.. • This morning the evidence on the part of the ; was resumed. ----- A great number of letters (which bad been air,. were put in. . . . The Rev. James Knight—l am master of the: • r School at Lichfield. I have been acquainted Chetwynd since she was a child, and with Mr. since 1860. I remember her coming to my hot,. 1863. She was in a very nervous, exeitnd star, : expressed a wish to remain with as. she did so . 1. 1„ : request my wife or I wrote to Mr, Nicholson, tie '. • • 'to the Earl of Shrewsbury and the Talbot came down, and went to Mr. Chetwynd's that Mrs. Chetwyod returned home to Loud: 3 June, 1863, she again tame to ns, and remained some time. Mr. Nichobion was again sent for. Ai. • letters came to my house while Mrs. Chetwynd a . • , with us. They were in the handwriting of Mr. I _ [Three picture " valentines," of the rudest ard e. kind, were then tendered, but they were of jected . • ground that lettere which merely called Mr. " humbug," and his wife a " hypocrite," o • evedence of cruelty against Mr. Clete:. . document, were not pressed. A fourth, :i.:cc been addressed to Miss Helen Booth, a lady MraChetwyod had resided and who had been Ler _ was, however, received. It was as follows :—" S ; been helping Mrs. C. to abandon her own ' , r ot e .; gion and turn Papist ? You will help her uncle I Dr. Talbot) and her speaking, dastardly, cowarli.. I. I Mr. Matthews to make assigluationsj for her, yol !-- fernal old b— of hell ':"1 Cron-examined by Mr. Hawkins—l visited at I.— in 1861-63. I stayed for • week at • time. Mr • - was not generally with me. I never cret any of •. wynd's friends there. I have met a L her of visitors, the Reverend Mr. Sir Colley Scotland. Sir Collingwood Campbell, M. sea, Mr. Mathews, and Mr. 'John and Mr. Wm. M .t.t. I oi:j saw Mr. Mathews there once. I did not know that Mathews was a Roman catholic. Mr. Chetwynd r . letter announcing that his wife had changed her rd.r a while he was dining with me. She had then been is a few days. This was in May, 1862 or 1841. I ha.? ~ n 4lor conversed with her on the subject previousli . tat i had no knowledge whatever of her it zeot: z. If I had I should bare told her He seemed very much distressed and angry at the :tee,' t of the letters. He of Mr. Mathews until after Mrs. thetwynd hail :-. a re ceived into the Roman church ; and then he did : < rem- plain of his visit.. He did not complain of the a letc l which Mr. Mathews had obtained over her; bet be corr.. plained of her continuing her acquaintance with :mu. communicated that to her. She said that abet:A.' sued the acquaintance with her husband's cor,e-t. she offered to give it up if he wishe 1 I don't remember after that renewing the sal I think I may very possibly have repeated her answer ti Mr. Chetwynd. I only spoke to him twice on the subi-e., He showed me a letter which he proposed to and to Mr. Mathews. It was of a similar character to that pit in, and I objected to his sending it. He showed me a letter which Mr. Mathews had sent to the petitioner, but he did not ask my advice, for he was corresponding with Mr. N i-hohon. He said that Mr. Mathews' letter was a very imoreper one for a gentleman to write to a man's wife. I thoaght it a most improper one myself. The Judge Ordinary—" Improper " in what respect! Witness—l thought it was written in too intimate a style. I would not have permitted such a letter to) be sent to my own wife extant front a very, very old friend ; bat there was no harm in it. It was such • letter as an o:d friend might have written under the circumstances. 1 mean the circumstaoce of Mrs. Übetwyod'a change of reli. gion. I do not mean to say that that change would justify any greater familiarity than would otherwise be proper ; bat the note referr e d to Mr. Chetwytd's objection to the continuation of the writer's intimacy with the petitioner. When I told her of her husband . ' objection to that intimacy abe made no particular answer. Our conversation related to a reconciliation, and she told me that she was willing to give up corresponding with Mr. Mathews if her husband wished it. She had Out received Mr. Mathews' letter, for her husband had intercepted it. This conversation took place at • meeting when Mr. Nicholson was acting for Mrs. Chetwynd and I for the respondent. 1 never heard her speak of Mr. Mathews. except as an intimate friend. I went to the Isle of Wight in Jane, 1863, when Mn. Chetwynd and I took Windsor House. at Ryde, together. I remained at Ryde all the time she wee there. I did not see Mr. Mathews. lam certain he was not in the island. Reexamined—l was Mr. Chetwyod's friend. I was not aware that Sir Collingswood Campbell was conducting seems affairs in Chancery for him. I heard from Mr. Cbetwynil that the whole affair of the intercepted letter was gone into by Mr. Nicholson, and Mr. Chetwyod made no complaint to me. She afterwards returned to cohabitation. It never occurred to me for one moment that there hal eves been any criminality between Mrs. Chetwynd and Mr. Mathews. By the Judge Onlinear —The complaints of the respondent referred solely to his wife's change of religion—the idea of her infidelity to her husband was never named. Mrs. Selina Knight—l am the wife of the last witaew. When she came to me in May, fetid, she seemed very much upset. I wrote to Mr. Nicholson for tier. On the 6th of June she came about midnight. She was ancetnianied by her maid. She was staying with meals° at Hyde in the month following. Cross-examined—l have taken a great deal of interest is this cue but I have not busied myeelf in getting up erb denos. I letter announcing his wife's change of religion. I had previously heard that she bad 1101L0 idea of &jag so. I think that was in 186.3. Mr. Chetwynd did not seem so very much perturbed when he read his wife's letter. Ho made • great deal more Of it the day after. 1 wrote the letter handed to me to Mrs. Cheterynd on that day. Mr. Chetwynd said he felt very much hurt that his wife should have left home; but I have greet doubts whether he did. He seemed .as• tressed. but that is easily put on. (Laughter.) I do not think that he cared for his wife ; and I have since thought that a great deal of his disturbance was acting and schemia;. His conduct seemed natural at the time. I thought so at the time, for I reflected on whet my own husband would hare thought if I had done so. He desired me to write and be La to return, promising that he would not discus. the sub-e 3 with her, but from his subeequent conduct I think thatt!.at was only to obtain an object. Presents have passed he. tweeo Mrs. Chstwynd and myself, for WA were great friends; but they were not valuable ones. I believe Mrs. Chetwtml to have spoken to one or two gentlemen on the subjeit of obtaining preferment for my husband. I know her liou,kir. She could not have slept there ; for there was no bed- only a null couch. Crow-examined—l am spetking down to the date of my last visit. January 4, le11:1. The tint time I went there I was invited to meet Sir Coffins Scotland and Mr. Mathes. I cannot say if be invited me to meet those gentlemen ly name. This concluded the petitioner's ease. Mr. Hawkins then addressed the jury for the respondent. He said he should be able to @how that a great deal 'Lab bad been stated by the petitioner was utterly and absolutely false. The whole story was a most painful one. r". Cbetwynd at the time of her marriage was pregnant. but Mr. Chetwynd was not the father of her child. Me bad married her in fact under circumstances, which, if they well fully explained , would be recognised as entitling Lim to LA wife's warmest gratitude. It was not true that he had been guilty of the systematic brutality which ha been attributed to him. When they came to Lear hie evidence for the defence. the jury would be absolutely astounded at the audacity which had prompted the feu' tioner to make the charges she had. lfe should show that ea far from her hart% been compelled to keep low company, she was quite as fond as her Lual,na of going about to fairs, and quite as ready to assormia with horse dealers and pig•jobbers. The learned gentleman read letters from the petitioner to Mr. Haves. a Lock: dealer, complaining that she waa •• ban] up, and begged him to lend her money at lit per cent. offerieg him the security of the Earl of Shrewshury an of her brother, Captain Talbot. She bad stated that her de,l ings in horses were only on her husband's account ; but it would be shown that she bail entered into these traria - Mons without his knowledge and sanction. He (Mr. Hawlon4 did not pia forward Mr. Chetwyod as a gentleman of particularly mild manners or of the most refined linguaze ; but Mrs. Chetwyod knew perfectly well what be was when he married her, and when he thus saved her from .lisgra..e ! The learnel counsel then directed at some length the evi• dotes urea the special act. of cruelty deposed to by the petitioner, and contended that it was not to be relied upon. [The ore was proceeding when our report left.] COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Coe'Miro.) RC CHARLES JOSEPH HI-GRES. • The baekrupt, a builder of Asbhurnham•grore, Green• wieh, applied by adjournment to rase his eramioation. and for his order of discharge. 310/.. aaaeb 15% Is.. Mr. C. E. Lewis appeared for the mignon, and sited for is pi, 0.24' trh o.lo' 0.17; r 0 o.loj I. Z. 0.18: 0.751 0.21• 0.24: o.cs, SODC T 1 be - k trot ol di blab ur. sue*: sae Lied petit for gi 'TG-4 the p &tie *DIM, on the own 1 wonk