The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-24 00:00:00

IRELAND. DUBLIN, DEC. 22. dent front Ireland of the 220 d Inst., which, , a tbe break ch ing d us e at a of very late h the trai uur, con n on the llailway, reae a to ma y, similar accounts to those which we A to pub:i.h of peat° dying of starvation. topic ot dircusa.l,on üblin wasf thaction.e landlords a ppeared to give general satis •ny EMPLOYMENT COMM ITTEE.—The rol e first communications issued by this cont. ruiraittee appointed at a meeting held. in thc llth Decemlas, beg to forwnd to suggeaions in respect to chimges in the ?xd set, anti they will feel much obliged if you e trouble of useertaiaing the opinion of intiu , in 'our district in irssrect to them. The i,l l to be distinctly understood, that they vs is no way by the suggestions now enclosed heir s - ile object in circulating them is to ob. on of practical men in yariou- districts as to ajplicsbility to the wants of the country. ticularly request that as moew. publicity us be given to this circular, mat/tat any resolu sejth reference to the suggestions contained 4 committees, hurOnial sesolOni, or elsewhtre, rardea to one of the honorary secretaries, at as d a s possible. The committee br..g to enclose the resolutions passed at the suceting at which lated, and offer' el obligFil by any suggestion in you may them in relation to their hey earnestly entreat the co-operation of !very class and shade of politics. Iho crisis is The present system of public works is de • the labourer, and ruinous to the proprietor. the cipical of the voary, by experidmg it in works; and it diminishes the food of the tsdirecc teadency to withdraw lsbuar from the rid improvement of the soil. A change in the ierutively called for, and the ch Inge can only be by strenusus and continued ex•:rtion.—Signed he sub-committee, 11,Terroc. Limerick ; C. S. lionle, 33, Mcrrion -sorth ; It. Bour`ei., 8. Herbert street ; C. M. e a, 20, Merrion-squarc South—Hon. Secretaries. 21, 1513." EMS MLETINO OF THE Friday, Dee. 18. —The E trl cf Arran, W. B. Wade, J. W. M. ebony. C. S. Munek, v.. 1 . Wilson, .1. B. ?daisy, r, Leckie, C. Ellis, T. Galwey,'Tami C. H. .Owen , C. Tottenham, W. O'Hara, Sir C. M. O'Loglalen. J. 11. Massy, EA., in acned by the Earl of Arran, an seconded by J. 1 ., Es q . ., and td,—That we earnestly solicit the attention of r theme. lieland, in those districts to ,victors ,ugh draiialte is applieqe, to the summary pro be 9th and 10th of Victoria, c. 4 (which wUI Augur. 1W), under which, all proprietors, , nints for lire or otherwise, are now enabled to of money fer thorough drainage, with the ad having 2:2 years to repay the money advanced, rer of employing their owe labourers in executing 1 we strongly reeommend such landed proprie- Sperate with each other in the adoption of the of that act (under which several districts have y p"ace , l), for the purpase of executing the neces gh drainage work in their districts, rather than assclves of the provisions of the La'sour Rate Hied by Mr. Laboucherc's letter, being convinced 'eaden of the for.= net on a large scale would sea dispense with, and in et diminish, the tuxes ring tae Labour Rate Act to the district in which fed, and thus the mischiefs arising from the to Act, and the difficulties that press et themselves entice/ of Labmeitere's letter, would be " JoIIN BOLTON MASSEY, Chairman. Signed by order of the Sub-committee, Isch, C. Stanley Idonek, R. Bourke, C. 11J. Men, Honorary S:erstaries." st CIACCLAS —TEMPORARY LEGISLATION. OF TUE LABOUR RATE ACT, AND TILE MODI e OP IT ENDER MR. LAIIOVCRERE 4 S LETTER. Month of August last, the act of the 9th and 10th 1, was passed for the purpose of giving employ e destitute poor of Ireland. t had, on the one hand, the advantage of assess led property, according to its value, for the por ed' employment; but, on the other, had the ge that it appli. d only to unprofitable works. I soon seen that this latter defect contained he germ of ruin to the country, and the unani shastrance of the landed interest induced the srnment to consent to the substitution, under iditious, of reproductive for unproductive works, from the chief se retary, of the 6th of October t this letter, while it has to a certain eaten' the ruinous defect already mentioned in the :e Act, has, on the other hand, lost the only sus characteristic of that enactment —viz., taxa portion to value ; for, instead of simply allowing rietor to have his proportion of the electoral expended, either in reproductive or unpro rks, at his option, it has introduced a plan icts a species of double taxation on the repro aployer in cases where all the proprieoes in an it i,ion do not agree that the assessment should 1 to reproductive works. The fact also of its au assent,' or undertaking' from a pro an electoral division, before such proprietor :sect for his share of the amount assessed for Inn a direct tendency to prevent the required r, and to induce proprietors who arc slothtul or of their properties, or from uaworthy motives wade their fair proportim of the tax, to dissent It comes to the same thing, withhold their ' under from the reproductive class of presentments at ses by so doing, in any case where such presentments 1, they either wholly escape all taxation, or suffer ly diminished in amount—diminished in proportion lathy taken by the more enlightened and liberal n. effect may . be seen at once by the two supposed lectoral divisions—first, where the assenting pro ake the whole amount on themselves for drainage ; where the assenting proprietors only take their ebr drainage, leaving the remainder of the assess * eppli d to unproductive public works. A. X X 10000 %0O 1000 230 1000 seat. di& Let. 1000 120 -120 a of , tak• t 2000 200 200 200 MO 5 1 200 200 120 120 , 320 320 I as i tisk , 1 I ix 1 Ms sent. ate. sent. 1 -- 2den4e. us in the first case, D and E, wishing that no money be wasted in unprofitable works, and finding that A, C dissent from drainage, are obliged to tax themselves ach, and leave the others free front any taxation !Cr; in the second case, 1) and E suffer nearly times the taxation of A, B, and C, and neverthe lOt. are wasted in useless public works. The only e Nut forward on behalf of this unequal, and, as it to the committee, unjust systems, is that the pro ! who takes on himself a certain amount of the scat for drainage works, rem.jvca au equivalent t by its expenditure on his own property.— is the first reply is, that the benefit is not by any the same as if the drainage were done under the con af the proprietor himself, owing to the expensive' :nery of the Board of Works, and the necessity of em ig labourers from any part of the barony, many of bad workmen, and all probably unaccustomed to that a of labour; and the second reply is, that if (contrary opinion of the committee) t he benefit be as great as ts Silted, the more proprietors generally throughout the ry are induced, by making it palpably their interest, her their only resource, to partake of that benefit, the r for the country. a addition to this objection, another obvious one pre itself to Mr. Labouehere's letter —nemely, that as it mows works of ' drainage' and • subs:oiling, in connec tith drainage,' it is inapplicable to a great part of the ry—parts where drainage is not wanting and parts .!rateage cannot take place till the main outlets are and deepened, which eats only be a work of time. weedv now suggested by this committee to cure these n and most injurious defects is at once just and simple, hi enable each proprietor to take upon himself his pro * nof the baronial assessment, to be expended in repro :ire works upon his own property, under the control of hoard of Works., and in the employment of labourers n any part of the barony, and thereby to discharge him from all further taxation in respect to that particular !meet, and at the same time to extend the application of . Lahouehere'i letter beyond draining and subsoiling in nexion with drainage, to other permanently reproductive rks. ' The committee confidently believe that if these simple • were made in the present system of baronial session .sntments, under the Labour-rate Act, 19-20ths of the aeatmentspassed thenceforth would be for profitable and noduetiee works, which must of necessity, under divine midence, greatly increase the amount of food produced in is emery, and after some time bring about that impe nit of it, agriculture which had now f or many years been e constant theme and object of all intelligent promoters of social and material amelioration—while, on the other ad, if such a change he not made, and that immediately, the present system, nothing can ensue but the abandon mt of the ordinary cultivation of the soil (an evil already earmeneed), the consequent loss of the money advanced to aTy se the works, the ruin of all classes, and the conlisca "' dill property." trOGESTIONS FOE Ate AME NDED LABOUR RITE ACT, TO EXPIRE IN At - over, 1847. "1. That the ' undertaking' required by gr. Labouchere's otter should be dispen.sed with.-2. That e ach proprietor !meeting to take his proportion of the sum assessed on his littoral division, to he applied in reproductive works, under 'l'ullelitendenee of the Board of Works, should thereby be Thjaea from all further taxation in relat ion to that par ._ assessment.-3. That such reproduct ive corks should tbe c.,nfieed to drainage, but should inclu de clearing ofsad stones, sub -soiling, u nconnected with drainag e, and : c e . r permanent works of a reproductive character.--1. That or more pr.prietors should have the power of !▪ stag, and of hiving the proportion assessed on such pro ru'Wra Vent On any panapaUr work.-5. That after the THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 24, 1846. -4 few—whose moral state is so completely disordered that neither penal nor reformatory treatment can effect a cure. These dangerous pests—net confined to one sex—are perpetually moving between the beer-shop, public house, or other public come, on the ono hand, and the prison on the other. Fiity-one of these degraded 'manses have re-entered the jail a second or a third time within the year embraced in this report. The third table, which gives snore particular information relative to them, shows that 14 of the female offenders belong to a certain unfortunate class ; and of the 35 males, 31 are habitual drunkards. The year ending last midsummer, though one of great prospe rity if compared with former years, has not been so be neficial to the working elasa,with regard to employ and wages, us the year ending Ju d e, n 1845. Uccupatioo in the hotanes has not been so readily obtained ; many hun dreds of hand-loom weavers helm been out of employ, and the strike among the building trades, though felt more prejudicially in Manchester and Liverpool, has made its ill consequences perceptible in this district, and even affected the committals to gaol ; so that whatever check criminality may have experienced iu the past year is not due to any increamed sources of honest occupation, or even to the continued activity of all those open in 1841-5. That moral disinter has become more and more repressed by the wider ditfusal of religious education, I am fully satisfied ; bat it is not in my power—or province—to show that, so much as it is my duty to adducer evidence of the degree to which it has been checked by pursuing a wiser course in the treatment of those who have been labouring under it. It was once a truth so fully recognised as to become pro verbial, that " a criminal came out of prison worse than ho went in." To the young criminal the proverb bore • special application. His vicious elucation, begun in parental poverty, or neglect, or bad example, was completed in jail. Leaving that finishing school of crime, he carried out with hint a spirit which contaminated the companions of his labour ' or his idleness, and even the members of his family, He became a local centre and agent of demoralization. If unable to renew the associations which he had formed in prison, he orreaniserl new ones from fresh materials ,• he gathered round him a gang of idle or neg lected lads, who, interested in his prison stories, and emu lous of the hero's of them, without either parents or prin ciples to save them from the danger awaiting them, soon became active in crime. " I had too much occasion to remark," says the Rev. Mr. Clay, " in my report for 1838, that there is a greater tendency to mutual corruption among the young than among the mere advanced in lite. When a boy is re-committed for felony he is frequently accompanied by ono or more delinquents ebnut his own age, whom he has :duces' into crime; but this is seldem the case with prism:cm of mature age." So far back as 1831, when the population from which they wire derived was only 286,400, of sixty-four boys under twenty years of age, indicted at these sessions for felony, thirty-seven were associate--1 in gangs (four of them emanated of four boys each). In 1837, forty lour boys were so connected ; in 1338, forty-two ; and each group of young criminals comprised a leader, duly I qualified fir his post, by a previous training in good On conviction, the adept was transported, and his pupils sen• tensed to a short imprisonment, which sufficed, however, to complete their training in crime, and in due—i. e , a very short—time, to render them ripe for transportation. It was thus that crime was propagated and punished, and a stream of demoralization poured into some of our most valuable colonies. imu unconscious of the slightest exagge ration in the foregoing stat.ment. For snore than twenty years I have seen a house of correction operating as a semi nary of sin ; and wherever the association of prisoners is permitted, there the work of corruption is still going on ! But if I have often deplored my inability to stimulate atten tion to the subject, and procure • remedy for the evil, I have, at last, the satisfaction to know that whatever lingering or caution there may have been in moving along the path of reform, the authorities of this gaol were not only among the first to recognise the necessity for abolishing asseciatien among convicted prisoners ; but, as I believe, were the first to take the most momentous step aver yet token in prison reform, by sanctioning the individual separation of the untried. Let us look at the results of this separation, and we shall find the moral condition of the discharged prisoner now, in most happy contrast with what I have at tempted to describe above. The prisoner is not now dis charged from his confinement with an imagination heated by the tales of successful plunder which lie has heard in " the yard," and with a determination to rival the exploits of Tur pin and Sheppard. Now, instead of excitiug others to crime, he is himself desirous to forsake it. He has no stories far his acquaintance redolent of the tread-wheel and trial yard ; but when he speaks of prison, he speaks of stern, but whole some restraint; of friendly admonition, of the good thoughts which came into his mind when alone in his cell, of his grief for the grief he has caused to those who loved him, of Ilia penitence for his fault, of his prayers fur forgiveness, and of his resolution, by God's grace, to sin no more. But it is necessary to advert to the facts on which I have founded my belief of the great advantages—the great blessings—arising from the improved discipline of this Tail : —l. The number of young persons, of both sexes, under 20 years of age indicted at the Preston sesbions during the 16 years ending '3lst Dec., 1844, amounted to an average of more than 98 annually ; and of these more than 18 (18 5), were annually sentenced to transportation. But if the en quiry be restricted to the latter half of the period mentioned —to the eight years from 1837 to 1811 inclusive, the annual indictment* average nearly 130 (120 7) and the transportations 23 5! In contrast to this amount of crime and of severe pun i sliMent, th e first year of improved discipli neat 815, recon:s only 71 indictments of youag criminals, and only ten sentener a of transportation.-2. Wi:h regard to offences now committed by associated young thieves; during the year ending last June, only 38 boys under 20 years of age have been tried (in 1825, 34 under 17 were tried). In only four cases did the parties act in concert ; and in each of these was recognised, as a leader, a boy trained to his vocation during a former imprisonment under the old system. Even with some of these, a separation for six months from all evil influences, aided by regular instruction in reiaious knowledge, bas been effectual in producing amendment ; and of those who have been young in crime, and who have never been exposed to prison contamination, not ono has returned to gaol under a criminal charge. ANOTHER FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL RAlLWAY.—Tuesday night a collision took place on this line, at tho station near Parkshle, by whirls one of the servants of the company was killed on the spot. The man was brakesman in charge of a waggon-train, mid was what is termed " slipping ' along the line, the frost preventing the wheels from properly bearing upon the rails. YORKSIII66. LORD 31ORPETII ON EDUCATPIN TIT Till: S rams—YU:LK, WEDNESDAY, NOON.—The annual meeting of the York and Ripon Diocesan Board of Education was held yesterday in this city, Lord Morpeth, M.P., in the chair. Lord Wenlock, G. Hudson, Esq. (Lord Mayor of York), the Ripon, the Archdeacon of Cleveland, Archdeacon Wilbe r force,r- and others, took part in the proceedings. Lord Morpeth, in returning thanks at the close of the meeting, said—Of course, I fed that in this piece and on this occasion it will not be fitting in me to enter ant) any of those contro verted questions which have excited public attention of late, to a considerable extent, and which may be mode the subject of discussion, and p ',sandy of difference, in the legislature. I will not encounter the topic as to how fax the state ought to act—how far the state ought to move — or how far the state ought to stand aloof with' respect to the education of the people. I may, perhaps, with out incurring the impatation of great rashness, venture to conjecture that the fittest course to pursue would be, not that which is indic ded try an extreme view on either aide of the ease: I think it certainly possible that the state may meddle too much ; for, in dealing with such a question, as in the ease of the dinner which we are not to eat (r. (erring to a dinner projected, but postponed in consequence of the state of the weather), there is always the double risk of things being overdone and underdone. (Laughter and am plause.) Bit I will certainly further venture to say that with respect to the country at large, I am not satisfied with the exact state of things which prevails at present. I think there is a call for more schools than we have. I think there is a call fir better schools than many of those we have. (Hear.) I think that many of our systems are still imperfect; that many of our masters are ill-qualified for their office, and almost all less well paid than we should wish to see. (Applause.) And speaking here, in the midst of this in-titration, and in this conaely and suitable building, in which I am now glad to see tt housed, I for one, do not regret the assistance which has been conferred by the state, in addition to local contributions, and private munificence. But cue thing, I think, is absolutely clear, and in stating it I may challenge contradiction, that what ever the state may do—whether it shall leave the work of education ea:rely alone, or whether it shall proceed so far as the most venturous interferers would wish, it is quite plain that there would still be much more left to be done—there would be still much more which private effort, private superintendence, private generosity, must always do the best, and will frequently alone be able to do. (Applause.) ESCAPE OF A PRISONER FROM WAKEFIELD GAOL, AND RE.CAPTCRE.—On Saturday evening, a young man named Joseph Ibbotson, made his escape from the Wakefield House of Correction, to which he had been committed for two years, at the last York assizes, on e a chargelof passing base coin. He had broken through 'the roof of a privy, and, after climbing over several wain, precipitated himself, from a height of about six yard., to the ground. His escape, it is said, must have been attended with imminent danger. His flight having been discovered, information was sent to the neighbouring towns; and on Monday evening, about half an hour after receiving notice of the occurrence in Man chester, the prisoner was in the custody of Mr. Super intendent Taylor, by whom he was given up to the governor of the Wakefield prison. He had been twice convicted at the borough sessions in Manchester, being, on one occasion, sentenced to three months' imprisonment in the New Bailey, and afterwards confined for twelve months in Lan caster Castle. I NCRE ASE OF VAGRANCY AT LEEDS,—The pow r- commissioners have just called for a comaarative return of the number of vagrants and trampera relieved in the work houses of the several unions during the week ended on the 19th Dec. 1846, and the week ended on the 20th Dec. 1845. In the township of Leeds, the 'return exhibits a remarkable increase in the comparative numbers, as will be seen by the following PROVINCIAL. LANCASHIRE. SANITORY Aer.—After the first of January the smoke (non all the furnaces, ream-engines, bakeries, and factories in Liverpool, must be consumed, or heavy penalties be paid by their proprietors. Notices to this effect have been sent out by the towmelerk t i all tho owners or occupiers whose premises or ream-vessels will come under the operation of the act. The act, on this head, is very comprehensive. Smoke must not merely be consumed on board al ;the n riie.r s teamers, but likewise on board all steamers plyig o the river Mersey, and belonging to any part of the Uuited Kingdom. It does not, of course, effect steamers belonging to America, or any other nation, but it materially affects all that sail from any port in England, Scotland, Ireland, or Wales, entering the harbour of Liverpool. It is stated that another re form declares that all lodging-houses, for the ac commodation of mendicants and persons of the lowest rank of life, shall be licensed by the Corporation. Before the licenses are granted every room will be measured, and the keeper of the house will not be permitted to put more than a certain limited number to sleep in any apartment. The size of the room will regulate the number ; and a copy of the provisions of the act with reference to lodeing-houses, will be hung up in every room. 'This is a most valuable provi sion, since much of the mortality and disease for which Liverpool has obtained such unenviable notoriety, has been owing to the disgraceful manner in which all ages and sexes, some in sickness and some in health, have been huddled toge ther in these wretched lodging-houses, to inhale a pestilential atmosphere, and to catch and diffuse contagion. Again ' on and after the first of January, a material c han g e will take place with regard to cellar occupation, the effect of which will bo to render some thousands of cellars uninhabitable, in addition to all which have hitherto been closed. Accord ing to the present act, any cellar of two feet four inches above the level of the street, and seven feet in height from the floor to the ceiling, can be legally inhabited ; but, under 1 the sanitary act, no cellar can be occupied he floor of which is more thin four feet deep in the ground,t and the height of ' 1 the ceiling above the level of the street less than three set; and every cellar, before it can be legally occupied, must hve a clear area of two feet six inches, extending along the entire front of the premises. An acq uaintance with these provi sions is indispensable upon the part of the cellar-owners. busts PAUPERS IN Livenroot —The parish office in this town is literally besieged with Irish paupers from morning until night, and the assistant-overseen, whose minds may be i almost supposed to be blunted, and not keenly susceptible of pity towards objects of charity, in consequence of their b ing such frequent witnesses of scenes of distress, are positively made melancholy in the performance of their onerous duties in this season of distress. On Tuesday alone, upwards of 3,000 soup ticket+ and 2 , 000 rations of bread, were cliff., tributed amonget Irish applicants (lately imported) at the parish office. On the same day , a special meeting of the select vestry was held. to take into consideration the neces sity of adopting some steps . whereby to save the parishioners, to some extent, from having to bear the sole expense of the enor mous impartation of Irish pauperism which is daily going on, and a memorial to the Home Secretary was agreed upon. In that document it is stated, " That the number of Irish casual pole relieved by the parish of Liverpool for the week ending the 19th Dec., 1845, was 888 persons; whereas the number of Irish poor relieved in the correspding week ending 20th Dec.,_1846, was 13,471." REFORM or JUVENILE Cuteregats.—The report just issued by the chaplain of Preston House of Correction affords some interesting facts relative to the effects of the Separate System. These statements are especiallyaluable as denoting. the power of improved prison discipline in the reform of juvenile offenders. In opening his report the chaplain mentions that he has now, as previously, "the gratification of producing satisfactory evidence of the decrease of crime in the northern division of this county," to which the report more particularly refers. He then proceeds to say The general decrease of committals, amounting to something more than seven per cent., is, as I will endeavour to show, owing less to influences external to the prison, than to those which operate within it; I merely observe hero that first committals, which former, i .e. de , p e nd more —though not solely—upon the of education upon the state of empleyment , t he p ro g ress and of religious knowledge, &c., have diminished 41 per cent. ; recommitt als, which indicate the efficiency of h prison discipline, have lessened 11.8 per cent. Nine years brieaf have passed since the ses sions calendars p catalogues of offender& as those of the year recently closcrl. While the recommittals generally.have fallen away so de cidedly, and the reformatory discipline of the prison has restored many persons to stations in which they may ha useful if iiot respectable, there yet remains a sordid residue Mr. Webster, a " profesor of dancing," and " artists of the ballet department," induced Miss Hidtoo, a young lady, aged 15, daughter of W. Hilton, Esq., of Ardwick-greea, Man chester, to elope with him from her father's residence. The distressed parent, having olnaisied some clue to the course they had taken, arrived m Chester that night, and applied fur the aid of the authorities to discover the retreat of the fugitives. The superiutendent of the police immediately appointed two officers to this duty, but their search was in effectual. On F.iday mornisg, however, it was discovered that a licence had been obtained at the registrar-office, by Webster (who was accompanied by Mr. Booth of this city), for his marriage with Miss Hilton, who was described as a lady of 22, and as basing for the last few months resided in St. John's parish, Chester. On receiving this information the police repaired to St. John's Church, where the marriage ceremony had just been completed, and the parties had left in a hackney coach. Inquiry was made for them at the house of Mr. Booth, and other places, without effect, till the afternoon, when they were fuund at the Ermine Inn, near the ndlway station. The foolish young " bride " w s then taken from the pro tection of her abductor, and removed, in care of the consta bles, to her home at Manchester. Webster awompanied the party, but of course was refused admittance to Mr. 'Litton's house. bliss Hilton is described as being a good-looking young lady, with more of womanhood in her appearance than might be expected from her ago. Webster is said to be brother of the danseuse, Clara Webster, who was unfor tunately burnt so severely an t, cause her death, during her performance in the ballet of " The Revolt of the Harem," at Drury-lane Theatre. It is stated that this affair will pro bably give rise to legal prosecutions of the parties implicated. STAFFORDSHIRE. THE SUPPOSED CASE OY Muitoon, near Wolverhampton, proves to have been one of sudden death from natural causes. At an inquest held on Tuesday, at Buslibury, upon the body of the deceased, a surgeon, who made the post nsortent examination, stated his ueeided opinion that the ex ternal injuries did not cause death. He thought death was caned by an attack of congestive apoplexy. Exposure to cold would ac lerate such an attack. The deceased, it is right to notice, had been employed by his master, George Briscoe, Esq., during the day in stacking up and thatching ice, and the day wan very cold. He had also, it seems, com plained of being cold, and said he should put his feet in warm water when he got home. The jury, after having heard the observations of the coroner, who pointed out the importance of the Medical testimony, returned a verdict to the effect that tke iliceaw-d, S. Harris, was found dead, with bruises on his face and head, but that death had ensued from natural causes. SHROPSHIRE. INCREASE IN THE VALVE OF LAND.-At the recent sale of waste lands, underthe Clun Forest Inclosurc Act, out of 28 lota offered, 27 were sold under the hammer, and one by private treaty. Same of the above lots, upon the open com mon, fetched the high price W.' 261. per statute acre ; and the average price of all the land sold was 151 per acre. About five years ago, under the restrictive cora-laws, siadlor land, sold in the same way, and at tho same place, did not produce a greater average than 71. per acre. On this occasion, the whole was bought by people in the immediate neighbour hood. sussEx. A GOOD EXAMPLE.—iii;6l;rles Taylor, Baronet, of nollycombe. Sussex, has given two fat beasts, blankets, and clothes to the pow of his neighbourhood, and a .overeign each to his labourers, of a!totn there arc about fifty. M./ Gaaon a oaana.... REPRESENTATION OF RATIL — Lard Ashley having declined to stand as a candidate for this city, in the event of an election, it is reported that Mr. Walter, of Bearwood, has been in commuoication with the Conservative party with the view of bciug put forward. It is stated that ho was in Bath a few days ago, and had an interview with some of the leading members of the Conservative Association ; but whether it coded in an invitation to Mr. Walter, or an offer from him, we ( Iresterit Advertiser) are not sufficiently in formed to announce. It is stated that, should Mr. Walter be accepted as a caudidiee on his own offer, his friends will be saved from expense in the contest, by his own ample ritiources. The Ilia of the Sikhs. By \V. L...31'013E00R, M.D. 1846. Madden, Leadenhall-street. The boldest attempt ever made to unite two creeds, to take of both what was most useful and beneficent, reject what was pernicious and oppressive, and thus effect a religious and social reform, was certainly the founding of the sect of the Sikhs. This idea, and the people who accomplished it, germed and lived upon the Sutlej and the nearer branches of the Indus, which long funned the line of demarcation between the Moslem and the Ilindoo races. The peasantry, the cultivators of the Punjaub, were Ilindoo. Their masters were Nlusaulmen, who with no very constant sway came and went, and thus left leisure and oppor tunity for the conqueredtace to organise itself' under chiefs of its own, who dwelt in fastnesses, and lived on plunder and maraud. The Ilindoo religion is not suited to a state of trouble, of resistance, and of the admixture which pre vails in a robber band. Nanukh, therefore, persuaded those around him to reject the most cumbrous por tions of Ilindooism, the Brahminicnn supremacy, the division of castes ; and for all, even the lowest, to consider themselves soldiers and equals, like the Nlahommedans, and thus fight for the possession of the country which they tilled. The proposal was accepted; the Brahmins resisted; the Moslems contemned. But the Sikhs, formed of the lower class of Hindoos, per sisted in the noble resolve to free and to raise them selves. They made the task a religion, as every idea must be made in the East, in order to be realised and persevered in. And after centuries of struggle, vicis situde, and constancy, they at length succeeded iu founding an empire on the very spot where the first idea germed in the mind of their thunder. It is the peculiarity of the Sikhs, that their religion became exclu-ively confined to their own region and race. It failed to make any impression upon the Hindoo or upon the Nlitssulman empires on either side, merely maintaining itself by the sword. Ilad India not been overrun and subdued by European powers, it is very possible that the Sikhs would have conquered it, and introduced their great reform of the abolition of castes, which would have done more fur regenerating India than perhaps anything else. British conquest has, however, rendered impossible any Indian refocus after! Indian ideas, and whether we can remedy this by Europeanising, is a question more than doubtful. Former writers have entered more fully and learnedly into the origin, the nature, and the religion of the Sikhs. Dr. NPCiregor gives but one fourth of his two volumes to such early history, of which, how ever, he omits nothing essential orimportant, devoting the far greater portion to the reign of ltunjeet, and to the events of our time. The contemporary , portion of the history is, indeed, the most valuaule, not only from the author speaking as an eye-witness of military operations, but also from the advantages which he possessed in the way of questioning and pro curing correct information. Accounts of strategy arc, however, more useful to consult than interesting to quote, and as to the battles themselves, we Lase had enough of them. We prefer, therefore, giving Dr. NPOregor's opinions of an Indian array, of which he must have had peculiar facilities of judging : The victories gained in India by a Clive, an Ochterlnny, and an Adams, showed that the Native troops of their days were, at least, a mateh for any 'waiver opposed to them. The men were steady, brave soldiers, obeying implicitly the orders of their European ottitera, be tween whom and the men the freest intercourse existed. The Ginter commanding a company knew every sipahec personally, while the commanding whom of the regiment was associated with the interests and welfare of his men ea to be looked up to with a species of filial reverence. The position of affairs is somewhat changed. Ilia binds which united the native scattier to his officer have been sundered. The mean+, whereby the former was made to look wird+ esteem and respect on his commander no longer exist, for the independent power of the latter tar been eartailed, and the aipahee is drilled and taught the mechaniam of the art of war, without an attempt being made to enlist his feelings in the cause. He consequently takes but little interest in the service, and merely looks upon it as a means 01 present livelihood and future comfort. Many officers in Me Native army do not know even the names of their Nafire officer , (the Subedars, Jemadars, &c.); and a wide chasm has separated the twoclarmea. When a dislike to any particular duty arises, it spreads throughout the whole ranks it is in vain that the commanding officer urges his men to a sense of their obligations ; they are sulky and sullen, and refuse to obey officers whom they . hardly know, except by name. We need only inatance the unruly spirit which prevailed in the corps that mutinied in 1843, and which, in spite of eveny exertion on the part of their officers, refund to march to Seinde, until the presence of two European regiments threatened their very existence. No body of officers can excel in zeal and energy those of our Native army in India, but they cannot, under the preent state of interfer ence with the internal management of their regiment++, calculate with certainty on those strenuous exertions and that determined courage which maised the sipahee of former times. The mounted branch of our army, called the regular cavalry, is not now composed of men sprung from a race of warriors Many of them are persons of low caste, whose fathers and brothers arc the cooks and table-attendants of the officer, and it not unfrequently happens that the latter swell the ranks of a light cavalry regiment. We look n vain for Mc gal Luff Rajpoot and higheaste Mmisulman who funned) . displayed such courage and daring in the bard-fought fields of Indian warfare. Nevertheless there is another va-t difference existing between the regular and irregular cavalry : the latter pOsse% in their ranks men of high caste and family, who are accompanied and followed into the field by young relatives who do their utmost to imitate them. Thie spirit of emulation does not exist in the regular cavalry every man does what he considers his duty, and no more. The only other extract which we shall indulge in, recounts the philanthropic efforts of Major Lawrence to rescue from ignorance and death the children of European soldiers in India. The major has esta blished a school for them in the Hills, and has largely contributed himself' to its funds: The European soldier, however, is not sufficiently ode tot tho bless ing opening to his child. Deriving some pecuniaryage from • his children, more than sufficient to maintain them under his own eye, his views extend nßorf.iirthTUerßthEan. to see them in the ranks; and he deems even a limited education calculated to render his son discon tented with his lot! The same contracted view, influence his conduct i. townrdi hi , daughters, whose highest ambition is to marry a non- The tea _ commissioned °diner, or perchance a conductor ; indeed, in either nearly fifteen per cent. of the males received weie above GO ease, he imagines thA too witch learning would instil into his offspring years of age, not a single person above 60 years old was re- notion' of gentility incompatible with their sphere in life. Acting on tiered at Leeds during lost week. sac% idea *, he is perfectly satisfied with the efforts of the regimental CI I ESIIIRE. schoolnmater or mistress. But, independent of the enlarged views of ABDUCTION ET A TiILATIUCAL DANCER.—Last week, a Major Lawrence as regurdseducation, he p:accs consiLerattle stress on -------n-- M"l.-----'___—! . 'l!2='' ---- FINN I I From Total I Valor le to ANN 'Mks 17Nder lea . Abe Total Moles & OIL 410. 00. lc 4O. k'elo. Female. In 18/6 . )X1 IN .e. 170 11 SI 43 213 we week ... 1* wirek'l I/ N 10 42 3 14 17 es ---- --- swears la 1 wee d }- 103 —l le 139 of NM— I ---------- The rea ter will oierve, with surprise , t hat thou g h in 1841, _e .1.......te. received were above 60 primary assessment, the sessions should adjourn for a limited period; and that if any part of the money assessed upon the ele total division be not applied for by a proprietor for repm glued's() works before the re assembling of the sessions, the same shall ho applied in public works.—G. That the money to be expended under the amended act, and alsa t' 4o money expended under Mr. Labouehere's letter, lho"l be repayable in this same manner as weley advanc.tt nye t i„ Million Act, in 22 annual instalments, to he collect , 4 by the quit•rent collectors.-7. That power shell bo gi ‘en to the Board of Works to advance money byway of I , a , to ra il way enmp'eiies that have obtained their acts-- ..ot b money b e h o laid out in making the earth-works of '` n. railway, and to expendcd be r t''e lot nrin- s er "By order of the sub-e;3mmittee, "W. Momell, Tervoe, 1) - .4eriek ; C. Stanley Nonek, 33, Merrion-square ; R. Bourke, 8, Herbert-street; C. M. O'Loghlr a, 20,1slerrion-square South, Honorary &cretaries, " Dublin, Dec. 21,1346." Tut bilsourriuicv.—A letter was received by Ald. T. Lyons from Alexander M'Carthy, Esq , M.P., intimating that the Lord Chancellor hes appoints-1 the following liberal members of the Town Council of Cerk to the caminnision of the neve, for that city—Aid. T. Lyons, W. Fagan, E. Hackett, C. Sugruc, and J. Gould, Esq., town councillor. SCOTLAND. MORE DISASTERS ON THE EDISTO:DOH AND GLASOOW RAILWAT.—On Saturday night the passenger train which laft Edinburgh for Glasgow at five o'clock was suddenly &Lopped a few hundred yards before arrival at the Castlecary station, in consequence, as it appeared, of the complete block ing up of the rails by the ruins of a previous train of luggage waggons and cattle trucks. A gentleman who was a pas senger by the train has communicated a few of the particu lar,. He sham, that he never beheld such a scene of devastation and horror. Numbers of oxen—some alive or half alive, and some quite deal—were seen lying amongst the wrecks of several of the trucks, and crowds of people were busily employed in encleaveuring to extricate them. The ruins of the engine, or at all events a fire of some kind, was on the bark smoking and burning, and several of the trucks lay directly aCTO , S the rails, perceptible only in the glare of the fire, or by the faint light of the lanterns that were carried hither and thither amid the crowd. It was not at first known to the passengers whether any human lives were lost in this calamity ; and while this uncertainty existed, nothing could exceed the horror and confusion of the seem— liest/de running about here and there giving contr a dictory orders, and masters and servants seemingly quite ignorant of what ought to be done. It afterwards turned out that ne passengers by the trains had been injured, and no lives lost, except those of the cattle. How the accident occurred is not known. Railway servants are never very fond of giving information in such cases as these, and no intelligence whatever could he procured from them as to the cause of this calamity. The greatest mystery wee made of it ; but amid the many rumours that were afloat, the one that obtained the most credence was, that it had been caused by an im proper signal at the Castlecary station, by which means an engine had been driven into the cattle trucks. In consequence of the discontinuance of the Sunday trains, we believe that this train was more than usually heavy; and we need scarcely point out the awful results that would have ensued had this accident occurred to the passengers' train instead of to the cattle trucks. On Monday, Thomas Young, n joiner, was killed on the same line. The wheels of a tender passed over his body and he died in a few minutes afterwards. SALE OF THE BROOMIELANY LIOIITHOVSE, GLASOOW. —The cast-iron lighthouse on the Bromielaw north quay, the situation of which has been frequently shifted since its erection, 21 years since, was sold on Friday, by order of the Clyde trustees, and fetched 331. The purchaser was a gentleman who, it is understood, intends to take it to South America to be used for a similar purpose to that which it served on tho quay. Its use had ,of late years been quite superseded by the extension of the quays and the improve ments In lighting. INCREASE OF INTOXICATION IN EDINBURGH. The number of persons found in the public streets in a state of intoxication, and unable to take charge of themselves, has of late very much increased. About six months ago the num ber of persons of bath sexes brought to the police-offiee in that condition averaged weekly from 50 to 60 ; since then the number has so rapidly augmented, that the average is now about 100. The actual number last week was 108; that of the previous one 128. These cases aro wholly hide pendent of those which come before the magistrates for trial, most of which, as was lately shown by Bailie Duncan, and corroborated by the disclosures of each succeeding day, either eras solely from, or are in some respect or other con nected with drunkenness. No explanation can be given of the lamentable increase of this demoralising vice except the present high rate of remuneration for labour. —Edinburgh Advertiser. SABBATH THSDE IN SPIRITS IS DUNDEE.--1 1 1 May last the magistrates issued an order, the object of which was to close the public-houses on the Sabbath, except during the period from four to eleven o'clock in the evening ; and, although they had no powers to punish the infraction of this rule, yet it has been regularly complied with by a consider able number of publicans. An itnmediate and striking change was experienced upon the business of the police court. Tho average number of cases brought before the court on Monday had previously been 28; when the new regulations came into operation, the number sank at once to 12, at which it still remains. This eircumaame is a con vincing proof that a vast decrease of Sabbath drinking and brawling would result from closing the shops on that day. We are indebted for the particulars of tiperiment to the superintendent of our police forc h e, who assures us that the criminal calendar has been reduced already to at least 500 cases by the regulations of the magis trates. We have no data by which to calculate accurately the number of persons who resort to public-houses on the Sabbath, but, guessing the average sum expended by each at Is., and we are convinced we might with truth take a smaller average, we may assume it to be 20,000 in Edin burgh, and 11,000 in Dundee. In these towns alone, there fore, this infamous traffic withdraws about 34,000 persons, in greater or less measure, from the enjoyment of the Sab bath as a day of holy rest. It is a most anemulons circumstance, that while the honourable trader in innocent or necessary commoditits must suspend his trade during the hours set apart for holy resting, the vender of a brutalising and poi sonous drink is under no such restriction. To our shame be it spoken, the publicans arc a specially protected class.— '--"term IVardcr. the edventagre of climate which such an institution in the hills would 0013hT. On this point there can exist no doubt in the minds of those who have witnessed the pallid, sickly counusvaness of the children of Both European ...Masers and soldiers in the plains of India, where the mortality hi great among both. The Improved morals of the children are, however, the chief advantage which the major contemplates; and there can be little doubt that these would attain a higher standard in the hilts than in the barracks. But the parents of su,h children argue that their return to a barrack would speedily efface all the adrantagas of such an institution. This is, however, snore plausible than just; for when the principles of religion and morality are engrafted oa the young mind by precept and example, they are not liable to bir very quickly effamd even In a barrack; and It ei well known the a reli gious and mord soldier is not an uncommon character among our European troops in India. In all these respects the plan is worthy of support; but there is one consideration connected with Major Law rence's ',hems which has :dreads raised ohjections ' and that is on the scare of religlou. instruction. In most European regiments in India, the number of Roman Catholics is equal to that of the Protes tants, and in many theformer are in excise of the hitter ; and as the scheme only contemplated the instructing of children accarilisg to Protestant principles, the Catholics are neces,arily excluded [rem the benellte oC the institution. To overcome each an obatacle is no easy matter, and every suggestion tending towards such a r. salt must, therefore, be acceptable. The exclusion fern the proposed invititutiou of all children born of a native mother, is annhe r measure which ap pears to ilsVe caused considerable disappolement among the soldier.. Many of the men base children by native vs ~men, to wham they are married. We are not sure that the prohibition does not exteiial to the children by half-caste or Eurasian mothers. MUSIC. MEYETtBEER, who has been en conger since the be ginning of the year, and, though a journing all the time at !amain, twit no share in the administration of the grand opera of that city, before leaving Berlin fur Vienna, where he has been called by the Emperor of Austria to superintend the mise en scene of his opera, " The Camp in Silesia," generously distributed his whole year's amounting to 4891., to the singers and orchestra of the opera. JENNY LIND, who bad been singing at Heidelberg, has left that town for Vienna, where she will appear as Vielka, in " The Camp in Silesia," a part which was written expressly far her. This celebrated opera will not be repre sented at Vienna as it was at Berlin and in other places, as the libretto has been greatly mutilated by Austrian censor ship. Meyerbeer returned to Berlin on the 20th inst., and Jenny Lind is expected there in February. SIGNOR GARI:ONI.—The following account is given by Gu:ignoni of the dt;but of this celebrated tenor, at the Italian Opera at Paris, in the Elisird'Amore. The English public are the 011ie interested in his merits, as ho will he a priaeipal star next season at her Majestyla Theatre n M. Gardoni made his first appearance at the Acarlimue Royale two years ago, we recallect see stated that he had gone to the wrong side of the Boulevard., and that his place was at the Italian Opera. His brilliant debut at this theatre on Thursday proves the carmine:is of that opinion. His tiac pare tenor, cramp:al and dis euisad by his singing in French, came out is his native ranguage with a fulness and beauty of tone which seemed to take the public here entirely by surprise, and, aided by his gallant youthful fie are and handsome features, at once esta blished him a favourite, a judgment which, we must re mark, the fairer part of the auditory assisted is ratifying with unusual zeal and animation. The er e era selected fur the occasion was L'Elisir d'_lnsore, which had the merit also of introducing another novelty, namely, Konconi, in the part of Daleamara, and in which, though succeeding the inimitable Lublache, he was brilliantly successful, keeping the public in continued roars throughout the whole part. Ilea great predecessor is more vents' mous in his humour, bat it is dif ficult to imagine a more perfect picture of an Italian charlatan th in Ronconi in this character. Ho was immensely ap plauded. Mme. Persiani sang with all her usual exuberance of ornament, and was encored in the duo with Itoncuni, whose imitations of some of her fiorifurc cra.vulsed the house with laughter. Tagliafico's Sf.,:jeant is by mmy degrees his best character, but, with Coletti is the theatre, why was such a part confided to a secondary artiste? The opera went off admirably, and we have to congratulate the director on the possession of a tenor who relieves us from all apprehensions of disappointment in future. Gardoni's first air drew down vast applause, and, in the duo with Taglia.fleo, he was even more successful, for he was compelled to repeat the princilal passage, by an irresistible demand front the entire assemblage. At the close of the piece the calls for the (land 4/1i were loud and general, and he appeared to bow his thaulta, accompanied by the principal perferimirs. GENERAL Tom TiICMIt'S PIANOFORTE.—This illus trious personage, it seems, is a musical amateur; and a pianoforte has just becu manufactured by the eminent makers, Messrs. Kirkman, to his order and for his especial use. It has attracted much attention, and Messrs. Kirkman's rooms have been thronged, during last week, by fashionable visitors who came to see and hear it. It is really a callosity, not only from the singular beauty of the workmanship, lint irom its power and quality of tune. It is a miniature gavel piano forte, embracing all the meat recent improvements an the in strument. Its extreme length from front to hack is 4 ft. ; its breadth, including the key-board of Gl octaves, is 2G in., and its height is 18 inches from the floor. The case is of ebony, richly ornamented with gold mouldings, and the interior workmanship is as beautiful and highly-finished as that of the finest chronometer. In appearance, iu short, it is a perfect btu; but its musical qualities are still mare singular. From the one end to the other of its key-board—from the solid and resonant bass to the clear and hquid notes in altissimo— the tone is full, equal, aid mellow, and so loud that the instrument may be used w ith effect in the largest concert room in I. mdon. It ',maid th it the" ganeral" intends to male - • on it a feature of his future exhibitions. IJNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS. THE I.lllolor OP BANOOR'A ORDINATION Was IN. in the cathedral of his diocese on Sunday last, when the following were admitted into bey order& .—Unsoone -Oxiord: P. C. Ellis, M.A., Jesus; C. C'harn breo, 8.A., Jeans. IPriests—Rev. T. J. flu:rheas, 11. A., That. 0111., Camb.; Rev. 11. 0. Edwards, St. Davial'sColl., WHIR UT. Talc Itionor ov ConcialiiTtileS Oninsariora took place un Sunday last, when the following were ordained :—Dearearts.--Oxford : W. Clarke, WA., Queon'o.—ttnibridge : C. E. Douglas, Pb,,.. Trinity; W. 11. Pr:tehett, 8.A., Oorpue await ; It. F. Tompkino, 8.A., it. Jiggle> , ; 11. L. Watsan, tloay. and CRIIO I J.B. Yale, WA., Emanuel ; C. It. Drury, 8.A., St. John's.—SL lets: C. P. Longla.o.l. seals.-41x ford: T. W. Perry anal C. B. Teesdale, CL. Ch.—Cambridge: C. U. Crofts, 8.A., St. John's ; T. Coombe, M.A.TrinityFoster, M.A., and A. Cogan, Corp. Chr. —Dublin : 11. F . U.. Mali, 8.A., Trinity. Waxen israw. -In addition to the sum of 2001. already nubscribral by the Dean and Chapter, at their last chapter meeting, toward; the Winchester School Building Fund, the following rams have been voted in aid of their respective oblecto :—Towards the rebuildino of the parish church of ILvaglairst, .41.; in adlition to a former Out. Towards erecting and completing the tower and spiry of St. Thom ,teR Church, in addition to a t miner vote of the Me sum for rebuilding the church, luul. Towar.Li the endowment of a prolessiniiip of the Chinese language in King:College, London, 10f. Towards the Neu - found Land and Colonial Church school Society, 10!. Wicro.—Reoaiersasu or ?Muni se •we Curiae u.—The parish church of SI Addington was on Wednesday re-opened for Divine service, after un lergoing an extensive re pair and restoration, accomplished by the I iberal exertions of the parnahionere, in the form of a church-rate, aided by the willing contributions of the landed proprietors, and the help of charitable associations for the increase of church accommoda tion. The un-ightly and aiilapidat,l pewing has been removed, the repeced, the decayed 4me-work made good, unnecessary opaee made available for Merman , I amoinnuadation, and a large number of additional oittings obtained, without trenching on the comfort of the congregation, or in any me...sure lessening the architectural ettect of the mere urrangement. Th e pews are without thaws, made of beautiful and wed...weaned oak, owl finished in plain isaneling. A stone pulpit, nut highly ornament d, but divided into compartmente, and having an embattled moulding at the top, has been prevented us a monumental record of a deceased proprietor of an estate within the parish. PIRTTEIVOINT , .—The Rev. W. M. Dudley to Laverstoke 8., Hants, din. Winch., came hit.; patron, W. Portal, Eoq. This is in adlition to the vicarage of Whitchurch, *Amity held by the saute kentlelll:lD. Rev. C. Allen to Smalley P.C., Mu. Worcee., value, 5.if.; Intranet, D. and C. of Woreest. Iter. J. Barnes to be dean ruralof Leek. Rev. G. N. Barrow to be dean rural of Bristol. Rev. C. Griffin tat 'lambic V., Waricicksh. alio., Worceet„ value, 427.; patron. 14. Chancellor. Rea. H. P. Guillemard to Barton-on-the-Heath R., Warwieksho, Wore:eat., value, 2t41., with residence; patrons, Trinity Coll., Ox. Rev. B. Irwin ta C istle-iliekard, Ireland. Row. T. Jones to Warier, P.C., Warwick.sh., din. WorecaL, value, 021.; patron. King's (coll, Cam. Rev. T. Knox, to be (TOllolllitlt to the D. and C. of Limerick. Rev. C. Las - fora to Stone C , Worcestershire. Ike. C. C. Molloy to Itatlignapp, near Castlepollurd C. do. Meath. Rev. C. K. O'Grady to Particles, alto. Limerick. lieu. J. Poole to Lhandysilio IL, Mont gomeryshire. Rev. P. M. Stedman, to Bronvarove C., War oestet.d.iire. Rev. It Yonge to Wruckwanline-wood P.C., Salop; MI/. The Rev. 11. WriiSit, 8.A., curate of Darluston, Staffard., to the incumbency of the new district of Wellington, in the parish uf I lan ley. The Rev. R . C. Weston, St. Bees Call., to ths curacy of the perWh church of Darlaston, Stafford The Rev. T.D. Young,o M.A a ~ bentf vi. Matthewe, button-loidge, near bto be in the diocese of Lincoln. MEDICAL. Paacneurso MI as AP,MIt.CM•V wirstoer LIOAL leis, aV INUiCrABI.II Orias-seF..-Tne Society of Apothecaries have inswal a circular, stating that, entertaining an opinion that a penal check upon Me practice of medicine by ummalifled persons to indispensubly necessary for the protection of the public, and that the pecuniary penalty unposed by the Apothecaries' Act is but W adap.ed fur check ing such practice, they:Move long desired a more memory :nude of proce eding against illegal practitioner.. A recent decision of the Court of Queen's Bench, in aeriminal prosecution instituted against an attorney for practising without qaalitication, eeemed to lest to the conclusion that notwithstanding the specific pecuniary penalty im posed upon unqalified persona practi s ing as apotheeariee, such persons might he indicted erilaimdly as for a misdemeanor. Thischec decision appeared to the society to suggest a mode of proceeding for king the illegal practice of medicine, which might be attended with such important result.), that they determined to lase nu time in obt eining the highest legal opinions upon the subject ; they, therefore, laid a ease tenure the law officers of the Crown, and from the answers ;racer' to the questions submitted, it is the opinion of those learned gentle men that an indictment will lie against a pereon who haa practised as an apothecary without legal qualification. The following is the opinion :—a. We think that an indictment will be egotist a person vino has practised m an apothecary without legal qualilisation, notwithstanding the particular penalty imposed by the 20th section of the Act, and the disability imposed by the 31 at section. 2. The indictment may be preferred in any of the ordinary criminal courts having cognizance of misdemeanors committed in the county, or place, in which the party has so illegally practised, and it may be preferred at the instance of a private prosecutor. 3. We think it is competent for the Society of Apolurcaries to prefer the indictment. 4. The punishment, as In ease of other miculemeanors, would be fiLe or imprisonment, or both, at the discretion of the court. 5. We are not aware that any more summary proceeding than an in dictment can tic lOCAOIIOII to for the punishment of pen practicing as apothecaries without legal qiicalification.—Joss hams, DA , Its DCNIMO, ParucmC Itouissis, Tempe, Nov. 23. It is, perhaps, hardly neces s ary for the society to point out the in- It facilities which this mode of proceeding affords for putting the law in force against unqualifi ed practitioners. In pro ceeding fur the recovery of penalties by a civil action, ich in the case of a country practitioner could only act i on,, w tried at the linring and Summer Assizes, an indictment may be pre ferred at the Quarter essions and at thete AoSiZOO pr also; also; and instead of the power of preceding against qued titioners being reetrieted, as in the case of the specific penalty imposed by the statute, to the society of apothecaries, it will be con d vetent for any person to prefer an indictment who ma y be ulisposcal to o eo. which is other distinction between the two modes of proceeding, likely to opei ate still more powerfully as a check upon illegal prac tice, is this, tilt whereas an individual against whom a judgment for a penalty is obtained, under the presseat form of proceeding, can re lieve himself from the Celloetilleoo o6 of his offence by obtAning his discharge under the bankrupt or insolvent acts, an individual found guilty um indictment of baying practised as an apothecary wllhout legal qualification, wid be punishable by fine and imprisonmmot, and will have to undergo whatever measure of punishment the Criminal Court may in its discretion award. ne authorities of .tpothecarics• Hall express a hope " that a public Intimation, that the penalties of the law c in now be enforced against illegal practitioners of medicine inore summarily than heietofore, will dctvr all persons from practi siag as apothecaries who have not given such evidence of their competency to practise as the law demands. But if indiviltral who have not possessed themselves of a level quali fication will persist in practising in the sixpence of such qealimhaiaa, Ist case. Drain a~C. Public Works. they will do so at the risk of being at the inatanee of any individual I prefer an indictment Rigatoni then. readiness to enforce the law to the e dispo-ni; but those means are inadeqc quint pruaecutioes. It may, therefore, mem.; will be preferred at the instance licciety state "that they wid endeavour to they may have acquires' in administering furthering the ends of justice; and that proper application, to furnish any ink!, subject of illegal practice ninth they tiffiriL" NA Wootwicii, Df.C. 23. —Rind anus Aylen, left R uulwich nn Nimaigy.-4., experimental trials with her =clattery, foe Portsmouth. COIOIOI.IIII SI:PM:INTL - NOE/CV I Woolwich for a sliort time an leave _ COMMON/ILE \V. Olicuts has obtained steam, factory. Tae Simi:nos To me CONVICT alregly alluded to In the Doily I , 10 not expected that the prisoners . works. The Uoole d'Eu, an iron steam.33-libt the King of the French, was latinthed the exception of the deck, and sonic - little timber has been enp..loyed from stern to stern, h G 3 metres 90 cm:liners s; and tier depth, 30 centime:ms. Ifer symmetrical builder; and the French seem just:. she in to b.: fitted up with the screw, have not been very happy in the ate:wire., and the precise form or ein.r d'Eu the authoritic. hive Aerotsrmeivr-i.—Ainuastrv, Nain /. Boatswain : Iktrid Boreh, of Shipwrights : James Gormatty, swains : Jos-ph Paul, Al 6 stroto, -Couleur ; Mordaunt Ori Lareom, Retribution, advanoel advanced to 2nd class. SFNIND COVRT.MAITIAL AT on Tuesday at Chatham, for the ti 57th, but now of the 2 fth regiment, by Major Shactforth. of the 5, th, areinft board the barTae Mary Anne, for - • had Captain Bun tried. 'the prig Shadforth woo the principal witness, on the former trial; he was e, after hc.uinir two oth. r othoers, the court adjourned to give Lieut. h defence. SPO] M to 1 mot Crim o;;(c;liCirri). 30 1 Erin,obrogft (offered) OW —l3 Antler (1. and Ow words offerol:. 8 to] apt Viol Tromp (offered) Is I I.:wrote t.) IR I I.l.tnet rt.. 25-1 (t.) tam LAW Crosivo or 111. - . FAIITTT Lord Cioneetior, the Via= :h Rolls, and the Vice-Chance:no theft respective courts fur the Itegi-tram', Masters' and ills office, will be clawed this day ' continue cloned until the 7th catuitant-Geaeral of the High oaring the Aline period ;wiser the rising of the respective where the parties are desirous c an injunction to restrain the works, committing waste, snd the Court of Equity, a limited t to file the necvsnry bill and a to either the Lord Chancellor spective houses, fur such injut lloid sys AT TIM Commis several Courts of Queen's Bench, not attend to transact business Wednesday next. The judgment, will also be elused fur the purposes city), cold continue cloud until cluing of the offices the days e' by so order of the court or ex., will run as usual, and ti.. sign judgment, if the time has being no express exception days being treated as dies Good Friday, and Wedhesdiq .1 moss' Cusuticas.—The Queen a Bench, Common purposes of basins. to-morrow, licit. On Wednesday applicatioc other interlocutory matters; be attendance before Friday, the ' EQUITY CI Before WElllt r. GRACE.—, was an appeal from a de,. land. The question arose by which the covenantor 1 . life to a woman who children by him. The the event of her marryf This was in Its0:1. The that time was content The covenantor di to and confirmed the cot Lion of bis effects, the r and claim , l the 401. a grounds that she A uuder the covenant, tar reported that tf a limitation, and was taken t, the report, a exception, holding that marriage, was against' void. Mr. Bacon and Mr. support of the appeal They contended tnat lion, and also that the Mr. Spence, contra, Winstauley on the saint that the gist was absolv jcct to a previa°, which of marriage, it remains ing the reduced units time in ignorance of ht therefore, no bar to flu A great number of c The Lord Chancelh question was new, at them were applicable deed, which was in th tier. Ile would like I by counsel before art+ Lion.—The counsel on concurrence in his 1. stand over for a search Tho casa was appoint term. Ex rAWIT. NORTR, or A MOTIIICIL—JU —This was an appeal Vice-Chancellor Kni orders wce, to refer it t the four infants. That the children's grandin was made ou motiu time for a return the master should me The facts of the case 1). stated in the report of Tuesday, and there • ments to-day.—Mr. day at great length. orders. They cited equity, to show that dilate answer to a to the law of nature, a. to remote children from parent, unless in the c imputation was made removal of the children she became a Roman Ca case; as authorities spit Chancellor.—Mr. Stuart, ported the orders. The Lord Chancell arguments, made not be heard behi those in the lint re, his lordship to say, t ciplc it was that the writ of habeas corpus and in these courts i this case also, the Vic infants before a return irregularity. The arms to the order of reference. and report on the order these children having a require some authorities Mr. Stuart promised, over, to find authoriti, ship. The Lord Chancel letting the matter sta and he cmlic3 to mother, would consent standing that she was, intercourse with her mother. Mr. Cooper went return said she was pm proposed by him lord' The matter was flu counsel on both *kb have the effect of ln ing among themseb 1% ILE DYCE stood over, Irons ti term. Mr.R.At nr at once propose, wi stances, that a sum the lunatic; 3,0001 The Lord Chancel the proper applies solicitor would wit of the late Lord Ch! the lunatic instead remained unappl•e( Mr. Bethell, for wife), objecteel to first ascertaining t list of the lunatic they would be paid go, hut it Would he applied at the lunar :$-:•.. I • ig criminally indicted for the offence I preeturor who may be induced to n. The Society further state their e extent of the means placed at their nadequate to the institution of Ass •• en:foie, be anticipated, that indict- instance of camc parties; nod the 'eavour to render such experience as nistering the act of ISIS evadable in ind that they will be prepare I. upon y information in connexion with the they may have it In their power to ! , , i. V A E. isou ',Won, a. -T., Master Cowman. ay.-4 . rsta , r,, n...., has Iv, • S mai eldnery, and will leave in a le v days Sir. J. J. Coaxer Busmen lens left .IVe of absence. obtained permission to study at the ICY ESTADLISFOIVNT of 243 prisnert, I Neirn wilt take place short 1.. but it n will be permanently attach. •I to the u rn ; sv e lt . t, t b i llit by ver Mr. r ti. LeN y oamck it fo i t; conic wainscoting in the whim, very al in her comtruction. Her length, s 30 centimetres; her width, lo metres a, nieantring from the keel, C metres teal appwranee dies grea. crash. to the ust:v proud of her as a beautiful model. ,crew, and tubular boilers. The Ennich the aptsication of the screw to their I of the one that Is to he used lA' the ve not y. t been able to decide upon. • Dec. 15.—Carpenter: John Ilenty, I reb,l Naiad.—Dar. M. Acting-hispecto; :dly, Devonport yard—Dee. 23. Boat- s., advanced to 2nd class ; l'hilip Brown, • l tl'illian, and Mare. Gunner,: John A to 2nd anis; John Brooker, Atengtr, ILITARY. „ . CZIAIII.I9.—A court-martial awn,' Ist . ie trial of Lieut. Grant, formerly 01 the !intent, on charges brought against him 4th, arising out of the tnimactions en 1 • , for which the some . gallant oSlo r frig t prisoner pleaded not guilty. Isla.er ritness, and gave the same testimony , a ' I I cross-examined by the prisoner : and, ran, who gave corroborative tesrmony Mut. Grant an opportuuity for prinsrimi i 1 PORTING. I XANCltEnTl:l4—Tenasar. Cur (enTrIL on 1.0 • 11;. Iwo t..13•40t 141,6kry Free (44ffered). MT. lOW —ll Tltrailro (r.) tier- 114/3 —l3 Punch (offered). 3114 1 DEIST. d). I 31 to toast Luesdale. • . N,— I J..linity A• nostrons. • 40 I M. Martin colt, I Iv I Red Ilan , 1.. 6 1— Scutt', I. o. i on the field sot 12. . ,--,--,...- Eittellistact. W NOTICES. 1 i Counts AND Omen. -- Tederd iy, the t•hanoellor of England, the Master ot the I I Ron Wigrarn and Knight Bruce, sat in ae last time before Mary Term next. The 1 Its Chaim' Orlices, as mho the Altidavit- y for the purposes of general businewq and 01 of January next. The dike of the As. igh Court of Chancery, will also he closed twithstandiug the closing of the °tikes and I ve court., in casei, of positive emergency. u 6 of tiling 3 hill for the purpose of obtaining the publication of certain printed or (Mar i ' ind ether matters whims' , are cognisable by Ad attendance at the others will he Ont.' sl attidovits, ',reparatory to on application or or min of the other judge, at their re- It ijunction. 111. iAW 011 , ICE-, —The masters of the t leash, Common ''lean, and Exchequer, will men at their respective courts until utitr Fitment, rule, and writ raced ol c.,eh Cella nansies of business to-morrow ,Christtnas- mtd Wednesday next. Notwithstanding the in allowed by the practice of the court, fir r judge for pleading. replying, rejoining, • [ the portico, 13 MAC ~ f default, at liberty to has expired, on Wedlbeed.ly morning, thei e I lin the widorinity of proems act for Cime non, as iu the nee of the *L'hureday before day in Easter week. r chambers of the judges of the Courts of Ple..s, and Exchequer, will be eked for the morrow, statto day, Monday, unit Tuesday die s tions may la • mete for suinmooses cud P w; but nirjudge of eitlwr court will be in the Ist of January. • CO URTN.—YESTERDAT, re the Lord Chancellor. -RESTRAINT ON MARltlAOE„—This 'corm of the Vice-Chancellor of ling- rose on the consttn,tion of a covenant, or bound himself I; pay 40/. n year for o had cohabited with and kid two • e covenant contained a proviso, that in ying she was to have only 20/, a year. re woman married in 11405, and norm I 1 I to receive the reduced annuity of 1 died lately, having by his will referred 1 oovenant. In a suit for the administra - antittitamt went in befoee the master . year, with arrears thereof, upon the i I 11 was ignorant of her legal right, t, to the full amount. The max- the provino was in the nature of . . an legally binding, an exception was and the Vice-CA .l = ol er allowed the hat the proviso, being in restraint of t the policy of the law, and, therefore, Er. Montague were heard yesterday, in , it from the Vice-Chancellor's decision. I t the proviso was in nature Gf a limita• e claim was barred by acquiescence. ~ was also heard on Tuesday, and Mr. me ride this morning, both concluding ,lute at first, and being then made sub- eh was void in law, as bring in reArnint lied atwolute still. The lady's accept- i nuity for so many years, being all that her rights, wan . not nei•tieserace, and, • Ihe present claim. causes were cited on both sides. llor, without hearing the reply, said the and the cases did not apply. Most of . e to leg:.eies, but this was a provision by he nature of a contract between two par- i to he furnished with further assistance riving nt a right conclusion on the quee- ns both sides expressed their thanks and lordship's desire, that the ease might mh of cases applicable to the question.— Red for further argument in the ensuing R, IX RS MOAT''.—INCANTS. — RIOR T S UltIODICTION.—RELI(110 1 . 11 Ent:CATION. I al motion to discharge orders made by night Bruce on Tuesday. One of the t to the master to appoint guardians to That order was made in the petition of adinother and aunt. The second order dion, and it was fur enlargiug the x to a writ of habeas corpus until nuke his report under the former order. -c before the Vico Chancellor were fully sort from that court in this journal ; re was no variance from thrall!, the *Late- .. Cooper and Mr. Anstey were heard to- ; , in support of the appeal against both the I a great number of cases at law and in , t the judge was bound to order an ionise- writ of habeas corpus. It was contrary c, recognised by the laws of thin country, from the guardianship of their surviving fie e 1 , 13 of cruelty or ill 11304 e. No such vie in this caw. The only ground for the dren from their natural guardian was, that an Catholic. They referred to numerous ; against both the orders of the Vice- Stuart, with whom was Mr. Lovat, sup- • ncellor, in the course of Mr. Stuart's c many observations, which could hind the first row, nor, we believe, by row, but at the conclusion we understood , that he could not discover on what prin- ,o court below ordered the return to the rpus to be enlarged. It was usual at law a also to require =mediate returns. In Vice Chancellor fixed the residence of the tuna was made to the writ. That was an l I answer to the writ should be preliminary • ,ference. flow could the master inquire order of reference without any evidence of Lying any property. His lordship would unties on these points. • nisetl, if the matter wax allowed to stand . orities on the points referred to by his lord- Larcener thought no harm could bo done by • stand over Until the first day of next term, to Mr. Cooper whether Mrs. North, the went to the postrmement on the under- was, in the meantime, to have unrestricted her children at the house of their grand- I ' at to confer with Mrs. North, and on hhi as perfectly sathlied with the arrangement t ordship. 'then ordered to stand overtill next term,the sides expressing a hope that the delay would f bringing the parties to a good understand- ;elves. bonnier.—The petition in this matter has time to time, sinec the beginning of last now, on behalf of the lunatic, said I.e would without going at that late hour into eireum- tm of 2,0001. be paid to discharge debts of 00/. were allowed, but not paid to him. eller asked what security eculd there be for ieation of the 2,0001.—Mr. Itolt said, the give the proper security. By an order ' i Chnucellor, a sum of 601. a week was paid to , wd of 6,0001. a year, so that 2,0001. a year lied. 'or the committer of the person (the lunatic's a any payment at all to the lunatic, without l (the purpOSe to which it would be applied. Ifs tie's debts was rendered to his committee, paid as far as the allowance to him would d he quite improper to pay any Foul to be inatic's disposition to persons, proba • !y, who Even 011