The Express. — London, England, 1858-10-06 00:00:00

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A SPECIAL EDITION of the "REPRESS," osiataining the results of the day's Races, is pub lished every evening during the Sporting Ssailon, at six o'clock. HARVIIAT•IIOXES and Agricultural Association Meetings now constitute a marked feature of our English autumns. The townspeople all over the land who witness these festivals ate saying the same thing—that, among all the changes in our restless century, none is mon manifest than that of the spirit, discourse, and transactions of our ruts! 15 Li • .v, 1,4 . ;gat ft cod, it. tvr t • et' brsCon of Jona.* home. 'rho ciusgs really .s very great. „Norfolk practices an, we observe, much referred to at recent meetings on account of the agricultural pre-eminence of that county. Let Norfolk, then, be em pared with itself at the two ends of halta-century. What were farmers' meetings hke, and what were the Harvest-homes fifty years ago ? Some citizens still living may remember what it was to hear a qaainteornbinationofyellandshriek breakingthestill nese of some thrice August evening, when they were taking their stroll through the lanes, or beside the stubbles, or, worse still, when they were sitting at home, in town or village, or even in old Norwich itself. The harvest-men were hallooing for largess;" and everybody went any distance round to avoid the di...orderly troop. Bedizened with ribbons, bristling with wheat or barley sum their faces red, their voices cracked, their eyes rolling, their pit tipsy, these fellows joined hands in a code, in the street or on the common, and yelled for " largesse." And largess they got, for nobody dared refuse. Plenty of silver was showered on them by citic. n shopkeepirs who were already ruinously taxed on behalf of the agricultural interest ; but little or none of the money ever reached home. It went in public houses, or through the brisk fingers of those who know how to make a profit of a drunken man. The labourer returned to his hovel and potatoes, or his extra vagant slice of dry bread,—then the dearest and most comfortless of poor man's dinners. Before going home, however, some might draw others into the frolic of breaking threshing-machines, or riotously waiting on certain farmers, to extort concessions or to threaten vengeance if they should take newly enclosed land, or try machinery, or engage mowers or reapers from • distance next year. Tree farmers were helpless at such times. If they resisted dicta tion, the vine which adorned the south gable was stripped in the night of every bunch, horses' manes and tails were Cu', turnip-fields were pillaged, sheep were stolen, implements were broken, and every thing wasyielded to save the stacks from being fired. There most be many persons who remember such autumns when the Corn Laws were in full operation. At the Agricultural Meetings the farmers either insisted that everything was right be cause they were growing rich, or made adversity their plea for protecting Protection. They would stand by the landed interest to the last drop of their blood. They were paying wages out of the rates, in those times, and the mass of rural society wee melting down into pauperism ; the shopkeepers did not love the fanners, nor the town the country. The gaols were crowded with poachers, and the workhouses with a fine peasantry: and still at the market-table the farmers, with no fear of their labourer, at the moment b. fore their eyes, toasted" Farmer Gwent," and prais d the war and the Minister of the day, and cricked jokes over their tankard.. at scholars and dreamers who offered to teach them their owe trade— at chemists and machinists who would show them how to improve their land, and get more out of it. Now the scene is somewhat different, as Lord ALREVARLE'4 neighbours bear witness. Iu various parts of Norfolk there have been assemblages of labourers this autumn, adjourned from the church to the park, the common, or the village green, to enjoy a bountiful dinner, an afternoon of sports, and tea and a dance io the evening; none of the wives hungering at home, and dreading the return of the tipsy husband; none of the children wallowing about the lanes, and doomed' to shiver in cord and hunger when winter came on. Wires, children and all, keep Harvest-home in the modern way. The higher order of meetings are no less altered. Norfoik was one of the first counties in the race of agri.:ultural improvement ; but there was plenty of bigotry, and laziness, and rural eta. wit in districts which lay beyond the range of the Rolkham haft:genic ; and the Corn Laws were no where more devoutly worshipped than in some parts of Norfolk. We need not expatiate on what the scirrace and art of agriculture are now, in the rankest old Tory regions of that very self-complacent county. It would amine the agricultural imagination of the old Lord Liu - a-tea himself, if his ghost could now walk the lands he himself reclaimed from the sea, and visit the great population—(amounting to hundreds of thousands before his death)—which has been created by the creation of a fertile territory for them to live on. If he could witness the stock-yards, the implement-shows, the treatment of the soil at bottom and top, the amount of work done by machinery, and the demand for human hands to do more than ever of that which human hands are required for, be would almost fancy that the Niii!enciim of .Vgriculture had arrived. And it. cut be in other agricultural MIIIMIN THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1858. counties which refer to Norfolk as a leader in tail path of progress. But there is much more to be done before the now-expanded agriceltural imagi nation can be satisfied; and yet more, before the country at large can cheer without hesitation and reservation, the remarks of speakers at Agricultural meetings, and even at Harvest-homes. Mr. RUSSELL, M .P., said at Biggleswade last week that every speaker at such meetings begins by praising the rule that no politics shall be discussed, and then immediately begins to discuss politics, in one form or another. The remark was cheered ; and it is a very true one. There has been plenty of talk, against all rules, of Cherbourg and the National defences, of a new Reform Bill, of new and old Ministers, of Church rates, and other matters. As the old reasons for excluding politics, the virulence of party in regard to corn-law questions, and to the supposed antagonism between town and country, commerce and agriculture, have died out the rule itself might safely die out too where nobody wishes to keep it alive ; but it is a question with a good many people, in both town and country, whether there are not topic--fresh topics for new speeches—more tempting and more edifying than Cherbourg, and the political questions of the hour. This could not be said of such questions as the National defences, Reform of Parliament, or Church rates. if there were any special call to discuss them at these meetings, or if the mention of them were worthy the name of discussion at aIL The process is usually nothing more than an introduction of un suitable topics by gentlemen who must say something, and have nothing else to ay; whereas the opportunity ought to be "- signed to those of the landed interest, who have something to say about the intermits of the land and the classes which it supporta. At the recent Harvest-homes, with all their vast improve ments oo those of old days, a good deal has been said, and more has not been said, which proves to observers that the palmy days of the agricultural interest lie a good way off in the future still. The tone used in certain of the addresses to the labourers is somewhat offensive to readers, and was probably more so to the hearers. When the landed interest is duly enlightened, we shall not read of prizes in gold and silver awarded to orderly peasants-30e. pre sented to a man who has brought up eight children without aid from the parish, and so forth. The question is, in such a case, on what means has the man brought up his family? On sufficient or in sufficient wages? In one part of the country he • ; &N. eel n. another 9a. if he has t 'I fair p1..7 in the their market, and has used his rights weai, he wilt be disposed to fling his 30s. at the feet of his patrons. If be has had to put up with Bs. a week while every other order of workman has earned more, if he has been driven to poaching, to begging or to servility, he has probably been driven also to the parish, and in any case, a money-gift of 30s. could be no compensation to him for a life of under payment of his toil. We trust that another half-cen tury will see an end to these rewards for indepen dence—as if independence were not a good incom mensurable with reward in any sense. Again ; a good many of us recoil from the preachments ad dressed to the labourers, as " You men," and " You women," who are desired to listen to good advice and be thankful. Preachers of that order would learn something useful on their own part, if they could overhear the comments made out of ear-shot, on ex hortation. against vicious indulgence charged straight home upon the persons present, se respon sible for their class—and on lectures to the wives about making their husbands comfortable. Such obtrusive and domineering lessons of morality, in fi cted by the sons of luxury on the sons and daughters of toil and privation, are a great disservice to morality and religion, even where all is done that the enlightenment of the time admits; but it so happens that while wives are ordered by a stranger or a patron to make their husbands comfortable, there are tens of thousands of cottages in the country where it is impossible to create comfort. While men are lectured on the propensity of their class to indulge in beer, spirits, and tobacco, that same class sinks down into languor, rheumatism, and fever, by scores of thousands, through the condition of un drained villages, ill-ventilated houses, and the many grievances of which the labourer may complain, bat of which the landlord never hears. The Dake of BEDFORD has preached the best set of sermons without a word of lecturing—in building a multi tude of wholesome cottages. Others have followed his example, and the more such deeds, the fewer words of preachment and dictation there will be, to be criticised and rejected as soon as the great man's back is turned, and the pulling of forelocks and bobbing of curtseys is over. As for unused topics needing discussion at agri cultural meetings, vie most pressing seems to be that order of national defences which most concerns the agricultural interest—defence against the deterio ration of the soil, and the ruin of its owners or culti vators. We have repeatedly spoken about the necessity of carrying into retired districts of the country the knowledge and skill which are con. stantly expanding from the great centres of agricul tural association. The country would rejoice to see this topic discussed very fully. How can deptits of agricultural implements be formed, and brought into use all over the country, so as to elevate the practice of tillage on the smallest farms? While we see that the holders of an allotment field have grown wise enough (as some have in Wiltshire and else where) to hire a steam thrashing-machine for their joint use by the day, we may anticipate that all owners and occupiers may be induced in time to im prove their methods ; and that meeting would be distinguished above all others which should show us how the incitement to improved tillage might be spread over the whole cultivable area of the kingdom. That is one object. An other is a reform in the Settlement Law, by which labour may find its level. Another is an equalization of our weights and meteors*. Another, of prime importance, is the promotion of arterial drainage, by which floods may be obviated, and with them a very large proportion of the disease and death which afflict rural populations. These an defences against hunger and poverty, disease and death, more important than any that Cherbourg could suggest. These are means of sobriety, of morale, elevation of character, comfort in the cottage, and true old English independence, in the presence of squire or peer, more acceptable ►nd more efise five than any words, however well intended, that ever were spoken de Aaut en bas—imposed by the patron upon the poor. A correspondent informs us (Shipping and Mir tomtits Gazette) that Lord and Lady Bury, aocompsated by his lordsh.p's private rearetary, will leave Galway on Thurs day next for British North Aunties. Bu ledship meets the Atlsntic os a miles of great oommeroial and political Importance, being instructed by the Colcnial•offioe to obtain theopintou of the legislatures and people of Canada, Nova Acotia, and New Brunswick, on the proposed onnfsdrration of the British North American Provinces, which Mr. Carrier and two other tostobers of the Canadian administration an at present in this country to argottats. The Rev. Cornelius Witherby, A. 8., has been prisferrred, by the Lord Bishop of Glooositter and Bristol, to the perptaal curacy of Bream. in the Forest of Dena, atoms by the rasidnatka of the Roe. John B Lock. COI Court. BALMORAL, Oar. 8. Her 'Majesty the Queen and the Prince Consort, accompanied by the ladles and gentlemen in waiting, attended divine service in the parish church, Crethie. The service was performed by the Rev. Dr. Macleod. Despatches from the Governors of the Cape of Good Hope N►tal, and Bt. Helena, were reoelved yesterday at the PORTaIIOI7TH. OCT. 5. Rio Royal Highness Prince Adalbert, the Lord High Admiral of Freesia, arrived at Spithead title morning. In his Prussian Majes'y's stoma yacht the Grille, Captain Baron von Bothwell, from Ply mouth, where he arrived on Saturday evening, from Roche fort. Immedi►tely on the Grille anchoring at flpitheed royal salutes were fired from the Victory, flag-ship, Captain G. H. Seymour ; from the .eluting battery of the garrison, sad also from his Preselect Majesty'. frigate Genoa, 48, Captain Donner. The Vice-Consul, Chevalier Vanden Berg, paid a visit to him Royal Highness shortly afterwards, as also did Captain Seymour, who proceeded to Spithead in the Fire Qom, steam-vessel, Mater Commander Paul. At half past twelve o'clock the Grille came into harbour and an chored off the Kiog's-staira in the dockyard, where his Royal Highness was visited by Admiral Sir George Seymour, the Commander-in-Chief. The Grille will, it is expected, leave Portsmouth on Thursday next for Hamburg. Caputo Donor, of the Galion, and Captain Sondewall, of the Thetis, dined at the residence of the Port Admiral last evening. Tin DUCHESS Or KENT.—Her Royal Highness the Duchene of Kent left Abergeldie Castle on Friday fore noon and proceeded, by the Eanchory end Neel& railway, to Aberdeen, where she rested for the night. Resuming her journey on Saturday, she arrived at Edinburgh, sib Scottish Central railway, at half-past three p.m. Her royal highness Is accompanied by Lady Anna Merle Davison, the Hon. Miss Worthy, and Lord James Murray, and is for the pre sent residing with bag suite at Barry's Hotel. Her royal highness, we believe, proceeds to York on Thursday mora -1 ing.—EdosbairgA Courant. Their Highnesses the Primes and Princess Wo ronzaw's handy and suits have left Claridge's Hotel fur Perk. Lady Ribbleedale and family have arrived at Far ranee'. Hotel, Beigravis. Lady Berkeley has arrived at the Queen's Hotel, tipper Norwood. The Marquis of Bristol entered into his ninetieth year on Etstarday last, sad, we (Bury Post) are happy to say, is is good health. The Right Hon. J. H. Walpole, M.P., Home Be cretary, ta now In Beirut, with some members of his femily, on a ►isit to Mr. Richard Davison, M.P., et the Abbey. lie parpeeee to make a short tour in the North et Ireland, and will afterward' pa► a ►isit to Dublin. fi5.11.11.1.) ri•op n.i.tg st Eras l ,ol4, lit dies t'xo Lord-Li rttr....ant of Inland , wa, rim the Earl cal Countess, of Erne, Lord Otho Fitzgerald, Lord and Lady Cloncurry, Captain Cockerell, Colonel Donna, Lady L. Creighton, Miss Fowler, Lord Boyle, Mr. Brinaley Nixon, kn. Hie Excellency will visit Lord Caatlamaine at lifoydrum Castle to-morrow (Thursday). An interesting literary announcement is the approaching publication of " Fragmentary Remains, Literary and Scientific, of Bir Hurnplirey Davy, with a Sketch of his Life, and Selection. from his Correspondence : " edited by his brother, Dr. John Davy. During the last quarter, a distinguished French statesman wished to consult the pages of the Britieh Quarterly levine. The copy twat for his perusal has been seised by the officials of the French gorernmenL The 'larval= oration at the Royal College of Physicians will be delivered by Dr. Aldis in the easuiag year. A correspondent of the Inverness Courier says : " There has been a perfect swum of English artists in the western islands and mainland this season Nine of them gentlemen have been residing for some time about Balla chultsh, Glencoe, and the neighbourhood, ' sketching every thing from lien Nevis down to black bothies and the petit The Prinoe of Prussia arrived at Potsdam on Monday evening. The Ambassador of Prusaia at Brussels, M. de Brockhatwea, died on liondey eight at Baden, where he had been staying for the recovery of hie health. On Monday all the colleges and principal schools of Parts re-opened after the annual vacation. According to custom, the resumption of study wu everywhere preceded by a mole= mass. In the sitting of the Germanic Diet of the 30th ult., the president communicated the criminal returns of England and Wales fur 1837, which had been transmitted to him by the Britt..lt Legation. A letter from Berlin of the tad states that the King has become conaiderubly worse, and that, one of his sides having become paralysed, he could only be removed from one room to another in an armchair. During a temporary pause in some grand military mancouvrea at Chalons on Monday, the Emperor, equating himself from his suite, and accompacied only by Marshal Can robert, walked about among the soldiers and conversed with many of them. The Emperor was to take the command to day (Wednesday) and Friday for two grand field days; on Sunday there will be a plural review of all the troops. The hiclipendente of Turin declares the visit of Prince Napoleon to Warsaw to be an event of great political importance, as being, it thinks, the prelude of an salience be tween France, Russia, and Piedmont, hosti;e to Austria. The Indiperidecite regards the intention manifested by the Emperor Mr:ander 11. to visit Paris, the facilities accorded by the Sardinian government to a Amadeu company, and the augmentation of the French garrison at Rome, as proof' that such an alliance is in contemplation. [FROM LAST WIGUT'S GAZETTE] WAR-01 , 710E, OCT. S.—The Queen bag been gTa °toasty pleased to give orders for the appointment of Rawson William Button, EN., Colonial Secretary of the Cape of Good Rope, to be an ordinary member of the civil divianua of the third class, or Couspenions, of the most honourable order of the Brat. DOWNI , SEPT. 27.—The Queen has been pleased to direct that letters patent be Issued Indio the Great Seal for reconstituting the bishopric of New Zeeland, and for appointing the Right Reverend George Anglin= Belaryn, D.D., to be bishop of the said re, and metropoltun of New Zealand ; for erecting the bishopric of Wellington, sad for appointing the Venerable Charles John Abraham, Arehart= of Waitemata, to be bishop of the said see ; for sverlag the bishopric of Welapo, and for appointing the Venerable William William. , Archeescon of Walapo, to be Mahon of the said see ; fur erecting the biabnpric of Nelson, end fur appointing the Reverend Edmund Hobbouee, M.A., to be =top of the said see ; owl for plaeiss tinder the juris diction of the Metropolitan of New Zealand the see of Christchurch, now wader the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of *morello. DOWNING-STREET. SEPT. 30.—ne Queen bas ism pleased to appdat Lieutenant-Colin:el Rit hard Clement Moody, ft.E to be Chief Commissioner of Lends and Works, and Wyassed Throned Ugnry Hawley. Eset. to be Collector of Cosaasia tar the colony ut British Culourbia. ROBBERS SIIIPItISED.—The Corriere Mercantile elf Genoa relates the following:—"The Governor of Credo, to the Papal States, having learnt that a gang of ro bb ers b a d arranged • plan for entering the premien of M. Site, • rich landholder, eecredy despatched a detachment of gendarmes to sierpri.e and Arne them. The mateures of the authori ties were so wall taken that the miscreants were caught in the very set of holding • knife to M. Site's throat, and threatening him with 'natant death if he did not immediately give up all his money end valoables. The geettartnee in steady fired upon them, and a sharp cone'ct ensued, in which the bandiis attempted to cut their way though the soldiers. At last one, Puolo Poltuml, of Pogetro, being severely wounded, was arrested; the others ercaped, but being hotly pureed, i ohs chief, named Patti, was overtaken and arra med. Four more were arresuel in the course of the night and on the following day ; the remainder have not yet been die covered. ACCIOITb WANTED.—Yesterday several lath tiosal recruiting panes woes rant oat in the usetto.p n ik and suburbs to raise reormits for the Rnyeol Mariam, the Lords of the Admiralty awing rewired to Masses the strength of the corps by 5.0(10 men. Led form a &at division of the Royal Mariam at Pembroke Dockyard. Wales. A SERSIBLZ CONORZOATION.—The Rev. J. Richer...loon, Incumbent of St. Mary's, is thee town, pretend Mat Wednesday. at the Circus, a place secured for divine worship by the Rey. G. Knepp, Incumbent of St. John's, Portion, cepeble of holding 2.000 persons or upwards, which was crammed no the occesece. In the midst of the 'emote the gee end denly went out. Unlike sumo recent occatenuN not the slight.** disturbance ensued the congregation wetted in perf.,•r ettlineen till the ureter woR filled op. mid the gas wh• o the teverend radeisan proceeded with his sertuun.—ltuo y EXPRESN F ItOAl (11101 t OUR OWN 00ZIMIIPONDIXT.) PARIS, TUESDAY EVZNINO. The important news whish, in deference to the state of public opinion in Paris on the matter, I was induced yesterday, against a fair amount of evidence, to speak of as somewhat doubtful—namely, that the Donawerth and Austerlitz had been despatsied from Toulon to the Tagus to support the demand of the French Ambassador at Lisbon for compensation for the seizure of the French slaver Charles Georges— turns out to be perfectly true. A Portuguese court of justice has pronounced the seizure l►wful because the Charles Georges, • merchantman of Nantes, was in reality transporting slaves contrary to the provisions of the international treaty. The French government says that it was merely aiding in the laudable scheme of populating the French West Indian colonies with "free blacks." This fraudulent scheme the French government, oat of respect to the expressed indignation of the civilised world, has tardily promised to renounce. Bat I believe one of the points now insisted upon is that the Charles Georges was seized by the Portuguese before this promise had been given. Ido not see what this can have to do with the law of the case. The French government pro fesses now to be thoroughly resolved to exact com pensation. On the other hand, I have good reason to believe that Portugal is countenanced by Eng land. So far the aspect of the affair would seem to be very serious. But seeing how quietly the matter is taken in Paris, I can only look upon the voyage of these two great ships of war to Lisbon u a very foolish and idle demonstration. It is a case of mani fest forfaisterie, meaning nothing. It may tickle the vanity of irresponsible people in France to read in the Nord that " the presence of English ships in the Tagus will not prevent France from supporting her dignity in the same waters," but nobody believes for a moment that the French ships have warlike orders in any contingency whatever. The only possible consequence in the present state of affairs of the appearance of the French ships in the Tagus, will be to render concessions on the part of the King of Portugal more difficult. For any good that this will do towards forwarding a satisfactory result of the negotiations, their voyage will only be repetition of the old distich : The King of Franc*, with twenty thoueand men, Went up the bill, end tben—osme down again. .: Abu 14, 6 Asir _ct.. B:ribcy nv,m, tl tt sevc:ll Freochslaven hrd teen sei...asi by English .gips on the coast of it:rica. It also says, emphatically, that no such measures as are imputed by that journal to the Imana of Muscat and Zanzibar in regard to this affair were taken. The Bourse opened somewhat heavily, and the Rents declined as much as 10c., but it subsequently rallied, and the closing quotations were 74fr. for cash, and 74fr. 10c. for account, being a rise of 20c. and dc. Mobilier rose 12fr. 50c. Railways were ou the whole lower. Orleans, Northern, and Eastern, fell sfr. each, and Western, 3fr. 75c. Southern rose Ifr. 25c. There is a great stir in Spanish funds. Letters from Madrid state that M. Salaveria, the Finance Minister, is busy in preparing a new project to be presented to the Corte', for the definitive regulation of the debt, and that M. Leopold Werner, the dele- gate from Paris, to represent the interest of the creditors, has been very well received. The Press, says in its weekly co I. mercial review : The advice@ from our manufectaring districts are very favourable. Balm have been brisk at Lyons, Saint-Etienne, B.oubaii, Amiens, Rouen, and la Mattis. The manufac turers have sold off all the goods they had on hand, and are now working entirely to order. Notwithstanding the dear ness of raw materials, Rouen and Mulhouse have brooms very active, and have even obtained more remunerative prim for their tissues. In Paris the netereautis shops have begun to sell winter goods, and the opening of the moron promises well. The Parisian manufacturere are receiving numerous orders both from the provinces end from abroad ; sores houses have been compelled to decline orders, from the imposeihility of obtaining hands to execute them. The reduction of the Bank of France discount seems to have produced excellent effects. We ere muted that within the lea week the appb catioes for discount have very greatly increased. We shell not, however, be in a position to jades accurately of the effect of this measure till I ortnight hem*. • • Cereals eon thine to fall in all the markets, although business Wll/1 almost at a stand, while it remained uncertain what would be the deciaion of government In regard to the eliding scale. That, es we have seen, is only re-established In so far as ciaoorns exportation, and for the present It remains wholly inoperative. It would require a rise of Bfr. per hectolitre to bring the eliding scale into operation; the exportation of grain is at this moment entirely free. LORD CANNING'S REPLY TO THE ELLENBOROUGH DESPATCH. Two despatches from the Governor-General of India have been forwarded tone by the direction of Lord Stanley. In the first, which is addressed to the secret cola mitue of the court of directors, Lord Canning defends the whole course of policy be has wined in dealing with the rebellion in Ouds. The opening paragr►phs r. for to the personal part of the question. Of Earl Ellenborough's despatch, it is said. 2. Although written in the secret committee, the despatch was made public in England three week. before it reached my hands. It will in a few days be read in every station in Hiodoetan. 3. Before the despatch was published in England, it had been announced to parliament by a mini►ter of the crown as conveying disapproval in every same of the policy indicated by the Governor-Oeneral's proclamation. Whether this description was an accurate ens or not I do not inquire. The telegraph has already carried it over the length and breadth of India. 4. I need scarcely tell your honourable committee that the existence of such a despatch, even bed it never passed out of the records of the secret department, would be deeply morti fying to me, however confident I might feel that your honourable committee would, upon re-consider►tion, relieve me of the censure which It mum upon me. hull lees neces sary is it for me to point out that the publication of the docu ment, preceded se it has been by an authoritative declaration of its meaning and spirit, is calculated greatly to increase the difficulties in which the government of India is placed, not only by weakening the authority of the Governer- General, but by encouraging resistance and delusive hopes in many classes of the population of Oude. 5. So far as the despatch, and the mode in which it has been dealt with, affect myself personally, I will trouble your honourable committee with very few words. No taunts or sarcasms, come from what quarter they may, will turn me from the path which I believe to be that of my public duty. I believe that a change in the head of the government of India at this time, if it took place under ciratrastanoes which indicated a repudiation on the part of the government in England of the policy which has hitherto been pursued to wards the rebels of Oude, would seriously retard the pacifica tion of the country. I believe that that policy has been from the beginning merciful without weakness, and indulgent without compromise of the dignity of the government. I believe that wherever the authority of the government has been established it hie become manifest to the people, in Oade as elsewhere, that the indulgence to those who make submission and who are free from atrocious crimes will be large. I believe that the WOO of the proclamation, which has been so severely condemned, was thoroughly consistent with that policy, and that it is so viewed by those to whom it is addressed. I believe that that policy, if steadily pur sued, offers the best and earliest prospect of restoring peace to Odds upon a stable footing. 6. Firm in these convictions, I will not in a time of un- exampled difficulty, danger, and toil, lay down of my own 444 .1: ra 4 ..aO 11,1 t€ 1.. j will Ifni the peredseion of vie herotwable ens ultimo stela the grocatis upon which those convictions rest, a 41 desert°, the course of policy which I have pursued in dealing with the rebellion in; Oude. If when I have done so it shall be deemed that that policy has been erroneous, or that, not being erroneous, it bas bees feebly and int ffectaally carried out, or that for any reason the confidence of these who are respon sible fur the administration of Indian affairs in Evened, should be withheld from me, I make it my respectful but urgent request, through your honourable committee, that I - . may be relieved of the office of Governor-General of India with the learnt possible delay. 7. I desire to say, that I shall in that case resign my great charge into the hands of the honourable court of directors, with a deep and abiding sense of gratitude for the generous support, the unreserved confidence, and the considerate courtesy which I have at all times received from them. 1 bays nothing more to add upon the personal part of this question. . _ . . . . Lord Canning pr.sceeds to urge tho danger of the Briiish government epeeking Its-eitatingly, 11111 Earl Ellenhorough did, of the right to rule the province of Cade. lie then adduces various arguments on behalf of punishing rebellion by the confiscation to the Stale, of proprietary rights in the method specially appropriate in the present instance, from the unparalied tyranny of the Talookdars, 'use pas seeeion, indeed, of tho lends had been mainly obtained by fraud and violence. His lordship observes 30. Regard being bad to the history of tenures In Owls ; to the failure of the efforts med., by the government in 1846, to sat up thaw who were believed to be the hereditary pro prietors of the soil; to their unworthy reception of the bene- fits bestowed upon them ; to the rebellious spirit manifested by nearly all the talookdara of the province, and to the inconceivable difficulties which would have attended the adjudication of claims to Proprietary right, in the circum stances that have been bnefly described, and which would have hampered the admitatration at every turn, the surest, the safest, the most politic. and a thoroughly just course seemed to be to declare the proprietary right in the soil (to whomsoever appertaining, for all classes as such had sinned equally) confiscated, and to reserve to the government the right ot de posing of it OA might seem fitting, at the same time noti tyieg the intention ot the government to show indulgence to there who should tender immediate submission, and throw themselves upon its mercy. 31. I apprehend little difficulty, and so far es experience has gone, little has, I believe, been found In explaining to the talooktiars end landowners with whom oar offloers have came in contact, that the eon &cation does not aeoetwarily operate as • permanent deprivation of their rights, but that it places in the hands of the government the power of punishing those who shall still persist in ntiellton after line and honour have been guaranteed to them, of rew arding those who shall promptly ettne forward nod give their sup port to the government, and to the rouse of order —of substi tuting ha every case of restoration the undeniable title de rived from the will of the government for the doubtful title which alone could be advanced by the majority of those whom the order affected, and of attaching to the Om of resto ration such conditions of swim, political and military fealty, and good conduct, as the altered circumstances of the pro , vinous have made essential to the firm establishment ot our authority. lies Jewett Ontram's objections to the proclamation were the source of reach disappoint went to the Governor-General, inasmuch as some expressions in a memorandum previously received from the chief commissioner led his lordship to expect a dtfLtrent result. The despatch concludes with a statement relative to the effects produced by the proclamation. In this we read : 48. No man is better acquainted with the cistern districts of Ow% and their iababiteote than Mr. Wingfield, who is at present acting on that frontier of the province as special COM. missioner of Goruckporo. Writing on the 6th June, Mr. Wingfield says : " Unsupported by the presence of British crops, there are many telookdare who, to my certain know ledge, are deterred trout tenderingiheir allegianoa,whichistheir Oncere wish. Had the garrison of Lucknow only been dis tributed about the province, three-fourthe of the talookders w o uld, under the (mindsets holdout by she proclamation, have been entirely on our side by this time." Unfortunately the garrison of Lucknow could not be 'pared, nor any body of troops, at all approaching it in strength. 49. But when the season shall wire at which the troops can again move rapidly over the ciountry ; when the largo police term, now being relied by the Chief Commits:liner at Locknow, shall have reached is complement and received further organisation ; and when It shall be manifest that we have the means of protecting or supporting those who re turn to their allegiance, I cannot doubt that the spirit In which the proclamation has been accepted in many quarters will declare Itself generally throughout the province. 60. 1 have now describtal to your hon. committee the whole course of my proceedings in regard to the proclama tion of the Ilith of glare). I have at the same time ex plained the policy which has guided me, and I have litfurmsd you generally of its results. I Topa:chilly await your ju P6O) dgment.—T have, koo Allehated, Jane 17, won Jal CANXINO. In the wood despe.ch the obis( points in the Ant and longer ore, may be Nod to be suissuanded. It is se follows : Foteign Deportees', *Halmstad, July 4. TO THZ HOO. THE COURT OP 013101031 01 TUB HAAT INDIA CONIPANY. Ron. Stn,—Your despa --- te1;,i0:26; of the 18th of May reached we two days agu. _„_. 1 beg your bon , co urt to accept toy warmest thenks for the 1 1 assurance of your continued cotldrace, which that despatch, sod the reaoltubm of your hon. court embodied in it, oouveys. 2. Such an expreasion of the sentiments sf your hon. court would be to toe a mince of grettfLetion and just pride in any cinnamstaneas, but the generous and timely prouipti ttide with which jou have been pleased to isms it, nod the fact that it conveys approval of the past as well a. trust for the furors, has greatly enhanced Its value. Your hon. court' have rightly judged that in the midst of difficulties no sup port is so cheering to a public servant, or so strengthening, as that which is derived from a declared approval of the spirit by which his past acts have been guided. 3. 1 believe that the expectations expressed by your boa. court, as to the spirit in which the proclaimed ooxliecaciou of proprietary rights in Otitis would be used, will not be dis appointed when you shall have had CORMOInCe of the despatch which I had the honour to address to the secret committee on the 17th ult., and which, as being the sequel of correspondence already in the bands of your hun mutt, will, no doubt, have bleu laid before you. 4. Your bon. court observe that 1 vend bava bean well aware that the words of the proclamation without the com ment on it, which you tryst we. speedily afforded by the +clone of the government, what 11+Vo pre .10 - .1 the expects r tem touch thorn grueral and io,11•1•,i1/11[1l,3 than could have been maims:tut with justice air situ policy. Undoubtedly this is so. But it was not without deliber:- non that in framing the proclamation I used the positive, peremptory, and so to speak enacting words which declare that the proprietary right in the soil of the province is con fiscand to the government, which will dispose of that right in such manner as it may deem fitting. 6. As this point was scarcely touched upon in my above mentioned despatch to the secret committee, I will take leave to add a further brief explanation upon it. I have said that it is in the nature of those to whom the proclernation was addreued to cue very little for the threats, but to have a great respect for the distinct orders of sop nor authority. A rebel landholder, to whom no more should be said than that lithe did not make submission soon his rights would be liable to confiscation, would be likely to trust for hts escape to the chapter of a cci dence, and to the chance of avoiding or defeating criminatery evidence, and so to delay submission, and cling to those whiwe immtd late influence might be nearest and strongest. Whereas if he should be made to feel that the withdrawal of his right. is already decreed that it only remains for the executive officers to give effect to it by plactmg another proprietor in possession, and that the beet hope left to him is to work out as large a claim to profferred indulgence as possible whilst them is yet time, hie rosnifestation of allegiance would assuredly be quickened. 6. It was toy business to consider what would meet stimu late and hasten a return to peace end loyalty on the part of those addressed, and I was of opinion that this would beet be done by making It deer and plain that the rewards actually conferred for fidelity were very large, that the punishment soundly decreed for rebellion wee very heavy, but that from this punishment a door of escape was still open. 7. To attempt to define more precisely the conditions and degreee awarding to which indulgence should be awarded and punishment tempered, appeared to me most inexpedient. It would I submit, have oeen impossible to put into the pro clarnaifffh any mitigating or conciliatory words to thin effect without incurring the greatest rink of raising false hopes, and giving ground for mistaken claims, the disappointment of which hereafter would have gone far to confirm in the minds of many the reproach which the rebel leaders have sedulously thrown out against the English government of a want of good faith—a reproach to which no colour or shadow of truth shall ever be given by any act of mine. 8. I therefore left the way of escape and the amount of obtainable indulgence to be learned from the treatment which those who should first come in would receive. No explanation in words would have been so °anent to spread through the country with little chance of perversion as this. No of her course would have left the government so free to use wise discrimination in the remission of punishment. 9. Your honourable court will of course hear in mind that the proclamation was addressed to a province in arms, throughout which we had not at that time a surviving friend or interest to defend, and that therefore any fear of danger from an outburst of resistance by which matters should be made worse was imaginary. 10. Upon a careful and, I hope, dispassionate review of the whole auhject, I cannot but think that the worde In which the proclamation wee couched were those moot befit ting the government of India in its relations with its rebel lious province, and best calculated to effect eventually a real and sure pacefluttion. Bat the question was one of very great difficulty; and I entreat your honourable court not to suppose that 1 am so presumptuous as to deprteate criticism of the mode in which the difficulty was met. 11. The reports lately received from Lnelmow and despatched to your honourable court by this and by . the pre ceding mail, show that one of the Chief Comiumeioner's greatest embarrassments is the want of sufficient mean. to protect the losdholders who are eager to tender their alle giance, but whom we cannot in some places effectually defend until the bonds ut the more desperate rebels and mutineers ",: .• estatroye.; an uejeot cat. La ..04.a.5..a.y .410. the troops throe fsh the country ti a tiitcblc ~ :ittent. A.t.x.d ingly, in t!-• eases of many who L.:7e declared their des -e to make submission, Mr. Montgomery has found it necessary to advise them to remain passive for the present. 12. The delay is to be regretted; but the fict furnishes proof that the spirit of the proclamation has not been mis understood, and that the temper of the province is gradually tending towards order and allegiance.-1 have, &0., ( 8 4P 10 : 1 ) CANNING. THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. TO TH EDITOR OP THE MAWS. Stn,—l am instructed to forward for public►tion a report received Testerday from Mr. W. T. Henley, the electrical engineer, of St. John-street, Clerken well, who is one of the gentlemen whom the direc tors have consulted in reference to the state of the Atlantic cable. . . Henley's advice in reference to laying the 'shore end at Valentin has been anticipated. From previous circumstances it bad been thuught advisable to postpone, until further information was obtained, the operation of laying the shore ends, with a view to save what at the time the directors were advisei would be unnecessary expense. The directors, however, subsequently decided, after due reflection, that it would be advisable to lay the Valeutia shore end without delay, and a vessel is now on its way to effect this object.—l am, &0., GEO. SAWARD, Se cretary. Chief Office, 22, Old Broad-street, London, Oct. 5. Mr. Henley reports :—By our tinting, one fact Is 'unquestionably established, and that is the fault fa not beyond 300 miles. I speak of the great fault. Others may exist between that and Newfoundland, but if it be a fact (as I have heard) that on testing at the latter place very little earth I. shown, the probability is that the other part of the cable is good. Having arrived at the Lot of the Injury not being beyond 300 miles, the difficulty is to know how much within that distance it is to be found, or how much of the resistance is due to the cable, and how much to the fault; and, although by accurate teatiags and mambas. lions a pretty correct knowledge of the &we may be ob tained, still it is liable to some unoertaint), and inatancps have occurred in testing cables where the most ezperissoid have been quite wrong in their oonclusions. I cannot think it posaible for the injury to be In the her boar, but should think it advisable to lay down some length of shore end ; as the present cable near the land must soon be injured by friction on the rocks and shingle. A piece of the sews size laid across the harbour for the Magnetic Com pany was entirely worn asunder some days since. In my opinion, the fault or faults *listed in the cable be fore it was submerged, and that they would have been de tected and made good had the precaution been observed by having the whole cable tested in water during its manu facture. Its 'tot showing so bad when first laid Is easy to be ac counted for, sa it takes borne time fur the water to meek through the coating of pi'ch and tar. Iu a cable I ani now manufacturing, a fault was tour days in the wanes before showing anything. Had your cable been injured after submersion by resting on the sharp edge of a rock, the inner wire earl the outer metallic covering must have come In contact; and that t►is is not the use we have absolute proof, both from the fed of • battery current being generated by the iron sheathing and Unexposed copper, and from signals being received from Newfoundland ; for, did the iron touch the copper conductor in the einalleet point, not the slightest signal mild be observed. Signals were front the lirpt mach weaker than they ought to have been, from . a tolerable Mankind line of that length, and were scarcely sut ficient to work a very delicate relay (which can be need with a current so feeble that it could only just be detected on the tongue). The currents now received are sot more then a tenth of that power, and can only be indicated on Protector Thomson's very higerdous reflecting galvanometer. This is constructed on the principle of the boys' "trick" of receiving the rays of the son on a piece of looking glees, and reflect* them on • wall, • very small motion of the hand giving a range of many feet to the 'pot of light. Professor Thomson attaches • small mirror to the magnetic needle of • very deli cate galvanometer of hie own contrivance. The light of a lamp is thrown on the mirror, and • motion of the needle that would be inappreciable in limit is plainly Indicated b the reflected rpot of light on • sale. The apparatus could be made much more delicate still, and capable of attain with the smallest amount of current ; but there is an obstacle in the way of using sunk • feeble power, and that is the teeth current, which shows itself at all times more or less. If this earth current were at all constant in ita quantify direction, it would be lulls easy to compensate for it aid render its edema neutral, bat it le moat erratic in ita move ments, sometimes throwing the spot of light entirely off the scale, at others changing from positive to negative, and back again so rapidly end frequently, end with such hiregalsellY, that it is difficult to know whether it is NewfutiocUsnd or the earth current aignalling. These earth currents in submarine and sobterranesn llam (like the atmospheric' currents, as they are termed, in over ground wire.) are produced by the inductive effort of "Am' currents of electricity moving parallel with the onaducting wires, It being • well known law of ekotricity that if • current moves in the vicinity of • wire cc other insulated con ductor, a current is sea up in snob wire fa a <revery direr Lion, fie strength being in proportion to the parallelism id 101 6 wire with the natural current. Any wire laid ptrallel with the Equator, or nearly Or witt have also ha electrical condition diAturbed by every weds in the earth's magnetism. On the first r etalltabasst practical telegraphy, the inoormentence experienced frog them, current.. was as annoying as It was unexperded,bal toureeot tiute COLPTIVSZIOed wore produced capable of mo - I ()bag or counteracting their tff..cto, so that but hide trouble DENMARK. The Danish Chambers were opened on Monday by M. Unegaard, the Minister of the Interior, in the name of the King, who is now labouring under in di.position. The first Chamber has elected M. Bruno as president, and the Second Chamber M. Rottwitt. THE LOSS OP THE AUSTRIA STEAMER. The Austria left Southampton with 613 souls on board. The mew numbered about 100, so that then must have been 413 pemengera. Oat of the 613 persona it is known that 68 ham been saved, sad 445 remain to be amounted for, About a doses of those who were on board were Engli3OL, and the rest were chiefly Germans, many of them of the better class. The Austria, like many other retells which sail from Hamburg and touch at English porta, was an Eng lish ship. These vessels sail under the Hamburg flag for the purpose of evading the emigration laws of Ragland. Thousands of persons from all parts of Germany leave their country for the United States every year. Fifty of these who ham bees saved from the Austria have, no doubt, long before this, reached Halifax, In Nova Soot* and the next packet from New York will probably bring particulars of the dread • ful calamity. Eighteen of the unfortunate creatures saved ham, it Is likely, before this been landed at Farrel. Now of the English mail packets tooth there, se that it la uncertain when we may hear of them. The Austria caught fire nine days after she left England, and when she most have COM - plated about three-fourths of her voyage to New York. It is known that Captain Heydtenais Is drowned, and his is the only fate of which we are at preemie certain. THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AS A FARMER.--On Saturday the Emperor of the French, aeoompsnted by Mar shal Caerobert, Generals Nay and Fleury. and Favor.) other officers, went to atilt the farms of Birebt. Vadenay, Coperly Snippet, and Joisohery, which bed been formed within the )sat four mouths by hie orders. Ho expressed great satisfaction at the rapidity with which ail the works had berm executed. In addition to the barns and boildiogs for the of the COMB oninapri on %Deis shamans for terms, each of the SSMOISo...--- shade (4100 cows and 1.200 'beep, and stabling for 20 borer* ; and already 400 cows of t h e Breton, German, and Swiss breeds, more than 3,000 sheep, with a number of English rams, and 30 file breeding mares have been collected them Five other .miller femme have been planned out, and will be completed in IM9. The establishment of these farms will be of great benefit for the country, by transforming land, which has been hitherto waste, into productive iiroperty. The Mayor of Dijon has issued a decree, approved of by the prefect, prohibiting eli hotel end wineabop keepers from retailing ne► wine before the Ist of November, the use of it before fermentation being considered injurious to health. A fire broke oat the night before heat (Sunday) at the coutary bouse of the Viwoustert de Came, mar St. Cloud. The house has madly base built in a somewhat tattoo& style, sad on:woe:1W with pelotiogs is tl awanDequa My* all ef whisk wars destroyed. TLe flre, hswever, which atiolaaaed same s quantity of forage col lected oa the rrouadflier, was got wider heft.te say other material injury wes dose. The eldest sou of the vi.coantess one rather li4dtv it jetted by falling intos deep ditch Lear the house.— Gahgneni.