The Express. — London, England, 1862-01-06 00:00:00

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A WONDZILIIIL wow: mows AND ANDRII)11:DA• or, IM ilmater. Mom I. XM$ . W &Aim: Nam Herbort. T•rry —AM 121 G SCSOOL—Osmisessaill. leszrairm. Pnts Immo The Planneninin. TUX LINO OP 1111 CURL& Pim S. Lam: Moms. A. Roby, J. Us* Nsidhann. roe ClonallyUe Frani; Man. C. inishas, ha W. Otudied. —An4 THE DWI MUD ONE—Onomoss M lg. 1101 WET= AT WM HUM Ts Oar —*moms, /4 ILL.— AlkowaL IL N.. To-Imam —Yoram eh. Ara. R Nor. LONDON, MONDAY. JAN. *. THE hat number of the Saturday Bovine con tains an article the only meaning and moral of which is that Slavery, as the best condition for the negro, is right in itself, and ought to be per petuated. This is an advance in the right direc tion, that of outspoken honesty—and as such we give it a hearty welcome. The writer, it is true, considers Slavery in only one of its aspsens—as it affects the negro himself ; but we must do him the justice to say that he deals fairly with this branch of the subject. He does not attempt in any way to conceal the brutalized con dition to which Slavery reduces its victims. The slave, he tells us, "is too " degraded to measure his own humiliation, and, " let us add, he is generally too happy to care for " a change of condition." And, again, we are positively told that " the presaure of servitude " the we're, areas of its victims to its dues- ' " deli un--the comforts of Slavery reconcile " them to its duration." He allows, indeed, that this Mate of physical comfort is not quite uni versal, there being " exceptional cases of magi'. " serial brutality which render • slave's condition " one livelong burden and curse." And of course during any period of general excitement and dis content, the exception would become the rule. However, waiving this tor the moment, the writer allows that iii any case the moral degradation is hopeless and complete. "As for moral aspire " tions, he is usually content to forego them in " his normal existence." And his argument is, that whereas forced servitude keeps the negro brutalized and fat, while emancipation would probably make him enlightened and lean, Slavery is the better state and ought to be perpetuated. It is true that this argument is directed primarily against forced emancipation—the evil which the Northern leaders have laboured all along to avert, but which they may have forced upon them by the course of even= by the violence, obstinacy, and madness of the South. But in reality his reasonings apply with equal force, if they are not openly directed, against emancipation in any shape. We commend the whets argument to the consideration of those who are disposed to believe that a high degree of intellectual cultivation is a necessary measure of ethical advancement either in the individual or the community. We confess it seems rather to confirm the opinion of those who hold that fastidious cultivation and luxurious re finement may be as hostile to the true interests of society as herbaria= itself. The moral languor and Epicurean indifference of the oue appear to be almost as fatal to the progress of virtue and truth es the brutal ignorance and moral degradation of the other. A rasa most memorable in the history of the cotton trade the most important branch of industry in the kingdom—has just closed, and already there are fears that 1862 will be marked by still greater disturbance of the course of busi nen, and by much distress amongst the operatives. The present condition of the cotton trade is un questionably disastrous. No one but the specula tor thrives. The legitimate trader, who eschews speculation, and prefers to stand idle rather than embark in it, finds himself completely elbowed out of the business-circle through the crowding and pressure of eager speculators. It is no longer • question of legitimate commercial calculations, for politics at present exercise the chief influence upon the course of the trade ; and when merchants turn politicians a great disturbance of the ordinszycourve of affairs is implied. lt stands to reason that they are then out of their element. During the three years preceding 1861, the great bulk of the enormous profits accruing from the cotton trade fell to the share of the manufacturers. They were pre-emi nently the prosperous class, while importers were relatively in a far lase favourable position. The growth of the wealth of the manufacturers at tracted a great deal of notice, and, indeed, forced itself upon public attention in many ways. New mills sprang up in considerable numbers. Orders were given out for whole forests of machinery of the most approved and costly kind. This was of course upon the sound principle of reinvesting in a business prowl' to be highly lucrative a portion of the large profits of the period to which we refer. But these profits abounded too much to be worked off in that way. Some of the largest investors in public securities were the northern manufacturers. We do not refer to purchases of stock made merelyl with • iew to a rise in prices, and then to selling, but to investments effected with • view to a permanent holding, and reaching, in some instances, hundred& of thousands of pounds, for account of a single well-to-do family. It was an illustration of the thrifty fashion of with drawing the surplus of prnfits from • successful business and putting it into solid securities out of harm's way. Many • fortune has been founded in this manner during the three yearned the manu facturers' prosperity. Our northern readers will readily recal to mind many inetaaess in which other wealthy manufacturers have bought large estates, investing their profits in land, which can never run away from them, and building them selves • name in the country, to be perhaps en nobled hereafter by patrician alliances. There is a great deal of interest attaching to the subject in a social sense, bat this is not the column of our journal wherein to treat of it. It accords more nearly with our immediate purpose to point out that, following upon three years of signal prospe rity, 1861 has proved • hew year to rsenufsc turns as a elem. Owing i greet sesame, no doubt, to the severe disturbanes et the entire out ton trade during the last half *1 the year, practical observers remark that the relative position et ka porters and manufacturers has been reversed, and that importers, dealers, and speculators have all made large profits, while spinners have scarcely covered their expenses, and manufacturers have worked to a lose. There must of muse be ups sad downs in every trade. But though et a time when the majority of the mills are put on short time, and when many are even being closed altogether, the new mills lately erected and fitted may seem to be monuments of a spirit of enterprise that overleaps itself, we must not over look the indications of accumulated wealth which are presented in their very existence, as well as in the other extensive investments referred to. The cotton interest was never in s better position to meet the heavy trial which is now overtaking it. From the indications in the cotton market it is to be inferred that the manufacturing and spin ning interest has not yet reached the climax of its difficulties, and that our operatives have not yet got through the worst of their privations. The cotton crisis, in fact, has not yet culminated. We have taken more than one occasion to refer to the rampant speculation which had arisen at Liverpool, and which appeared to be (winding and entangling a number of per sons whose business pursuits lay in quite a different direction. Any who took such wax-lungs to heart must have profited largely by them, for they were speedily followed by a com plete penis in the market, precipitated by the news of the outrage to the Trent. No one could I 'ooll. The fall in American cotton amounted to no less than 2d. a pound, being the most rapid de- slime known sines the year 1825. Such a move- meet conveys a significant admonition to amateur speculators in cotton to stick to their own busi ness, and to leave this dangerous game entirely to those versed in it. It is a remarkable fact that, during Use last few days, when the speculators have made up their minds that there will be no war between England and America, and therefore no breaking of the Southern blockade, the whole of the great fall referred to has been fully recovered. The prices of American cotton stand now above the extreme point which they touched prior to the news of the Trent affair, and it is probable that the market is intrinsically stronger, because a number of the weaker speculators must have been weeded out during the panic. At such a time it is always the weakest holders who go toi the wall, and stronger men step into their shoes, through the temptation presented in the fall in price. As we write, the market is in a state of greater buoyancy than has yet been presented. On l Friday no less than 30,000 bales were bought. Were war to occur between England and America, • large number of the present holders would pro bably be completely ruined. But, apart from this extreme contingency, we find all the best informed people putting forward calculations which go to show that the price of cotton in the coming spring will probably rise considerably above its present extraordinary point. To a casual observer it may at first sight seem strange that there should be so much excitement and apprehension and such an enormous rise in prices, seeing that the stock of cotton at Liverpool is at this moment larger than it has been at the corresponding date for many years, taking into account the 90,000 hales which, on the verification of the stocks at the close of the year, have been found to be deposited there in erase of what was estimated. We will peas this discrepancy by with the mere expression of the public wall that, for the credit of Liverpool, at a time when so much speculative excitement pre ' rails, some fuller explanation should be given than has yet appeared. The contradiction apparently involved in the satisfactory amount of the present stock and the excessive range of prices, disappears when it is borne in mind that it is the very nature of speculation to point forwards, and that there is now no American cotton at all on the water, nor any prospect of supplies from that quarter. Moreover, the present stock in the hands of spinners is computed by several of the principal Liverpool authorities to be less than at this date last year by some 120,000 balm, which would probably represent a money value of a million and a half sterling. We notice that several firms are of opinion that even the cessation of the Southern blockade would be attended with extremely high prices for cotton. " The American crop of 1861-2," observe Mews. TactMAv and Roues, "is esti " mated at only three million bales, "of winch much is destroyed, none of it is " ' ginned,' and the country is destitute of pack " lug material." Messrs. NEILL BROTHERS, of New York, whose generally intelligent remarks we have on former occasions quoted, go boldly into the question of the effect that would be produced upon the cotton supply by war with England and by • raising of the blockade. Consider ing the dislocation of society in the planting States, the shortness of the present crop, the reduced planting of the ensuing one (a policy which is pretty sure to be acted on in the South, in order that, by growing food, the Secessionists may re duce their old dependence on the North), the diffi culty of internal transport, and the high rates of freight and of insurance against war risks, the Mews. Nem arrive at the conclusion that the' present prices of cotton would probably be main- 1 tained even were the blockade to be raised by the extreme event alluded to. What is of chief importance at the moment to remark is, as Messrs. Tammuz( and Roves observe, that "after March next we shall, in all probe " bitty, be mainly dependent upon the supply " from the East Indies, and the small quantity " usually received from Egypt and Brazil." When we look at what India, now our mainstay, has done during the past year, we find, it is true, great ground for encouragement. It is a remark able feet that the imports of East Indian cotton into the United Kingdom in 1861 reached close upon one million of bales. The exact number appears to have been 986,290. The progress accomplished is shown in the fact that this is nearly double the amount received in 1860 and in 1859. In the former year the imports were 562,874 bales. and in the latter 510,603. It is noteworthy, too, that while the imports have nearly doubled, the consumption of East Indian cotton has fully doubled, whence it may be inferred that the repugnance to the nee of this kind of cotton is being really overcome. Still, it be comes increasingly evident that the immediate capacity of India as a field of supply is not what ; ' the urgency of the case requires. It would not be in the nature of things for • supply of cotton to I be actually improvised on the enormous scale I wanted. Probably not even an expenditure of • ' dosen millions sterling would bring it about. Our wants, no matter how pressing—our gold, no matter how plentiful, will not hurry Nature in her task ;by one day. All we can do is to stimulate enter prise and production in every suitable locality by all the means in oar power. This we are doing, and we shall certainly iu the end accomplish all we desire, and place our cotton-manufacturing interest in • position of unprecedentedsecurity. But, mash ; while, it would be wrong to disguise the prospect THE EXPR %Li r a& MONDAY EVE GARIBALDI AND THE NEAPOLITAN& The journal Roma e Venezia, published at Genoa, contains the following letter from General Garibaldi to the representative of the Committee of Trecchina (a market town of Naples) : Thanks to, the committee of Treonhim for its kind words, and now be good enough tb listen to use from me. Upon you, who were the first to throw Bows the glove to the tyrants of your extetry, ape' you have fake the most misfortunes. Such is the reward of merit. There remain to us the approval of our eousederee for having fulfilled our duty, and the inflexible rewire to do it again before very loug. The priests of Rome, with those who tolerate and protect them, are the cause of all your troubles ; they must feed ou dead bodies in order to live. I should have pee to you some time since, but did net go for the same remixes as those which iodated me to have you; I hope, however, soon to be with you. Meanwhile all of you arm yourselves with • musket, or with something else ; you will Ind organisers amen your valiant fellow-cithens. All of you arm. Let your example be followed by ell the Misr provisoes, and all armed and organised ledges& sad malefaetcrs of every kind will disappear. Above all, do not abandon the programme which makes as stroag, "Italy sod Victor Emmanuel r and do sot lietes to** sem of party. We all belong to the nation which wishes to eseelibute itself, and not to parties, and we shall secs be ready to remind the audacious who have folgottai it that this had is the land of Massaniello sad of the Vespere—Ever yours, Caprera, Dec. 24, 1861. G. GARIBALDI. THE RHINE. The following is a letter from Mayence, dated the 30th ult. : Os the day alter Cluistame-day the paid saloon al the Ant hotel of Napalm was megolitessely decorated. The walls were hays rated with arms east French dap. A Whys* porkshof Newham L, eenseested by a brilliant sun, was placed lay gromiasse pities. Oa the right sad left were the amass of neat of therms& marshals wedges*• ale, and opposite wasthe prevail of Navahos 111. The old veterans of the Greed Amy celebrated a Oh. From eighty to ninety men, old sad yaw, the Ant decorated with the medal of St 11011/014 0003111111101 LI MO, lawyers, lamas, arrived in succession. Presently the door opened, sad the French Consul appeared, led by the burgomuter of the city. The Consul was received with cries of entbasimet the beating of drum, mid a Boorish of trumpets from the orchestra. After the repast the Oosenl pee a toast in bad German, to which a veteran replied In French. Toasts were then drank micemeively to " The Great Emperor," to "The Glorious Empire," to "The Victorious Army," to "The Marelish." &a, and each was received with the greatest applause. RUSBIA. The Police Gazette of St. Petersburg has an account of the public degradation in that city of Michael Miklailoff, found guilty of propagating writings in tended to excite rebellion against the supreme power. Th e unfortunate man has been sent for six years' labour in the mines. Miklailoff is said to have submitted to the ceremony, which takes place on a scaffold, a sword being formally broken over his head, &c., with great courage. A subscription has been made amongst literary people of St. Petersburg on behalf of the condemned, and the sum of 4,800 crowns has been raised to enable him to ride the journey to Siberia. ARRIVAL OF THE SUMTER AT CADIZ. CAPTURE OF THREE MERCHANT EHLPH. CADIZ, J. 5. The privateer Sumter, with the officers and crew, 42 persons in all, of three Federal merchant vessels which she had destroyed at sea, arrived off Cadis, and solicited permission to enter the port. The American Consul demanded that this request should be refused ; but the government having been consulted, the Sumter was admitted into the port without being minted. A St. Petersburg letter of the 99th says :-- "Ifistuas Sidon nations her npressatatices hen at the Morn Thanes. Ws he,. ailnisid her iaosonnely in Ostherbo Rowse& and Psaapein do Mak& The Eannor sad Elmore@ nen to see her la Math Senn. sad the fonwir. site t►e eolith hal Wks oa the last set, west to her room M Ottitubdoas Whig her. The petite were sot onteatod w*►ea hes to the beat darns the repnweatatioa, hat they she recalled bet eight or tee than at the ead ed omit neema." .• • * EXPRESS FROM PARIS. Pica ous owl PARIS, SoirDAT Evirnra. The vexed question whether the law requiring aignatures to political articles in newspapers is satisfied by appending the name of a person con fessedly not the writer, with the prefix pour eztrait (extracted), which was ruled a short time ago by the Correctional Tribunal of Niort, in the case of the Memorialda Dam Herres, in favour of the constant practice tolerated during the last ten years, hu just been decided the other way, on appeal, by the Im perial Court of Poitiers. The editor of the Memorial deo Deux Sevres is sentenced to pay a fine of 600 fr. and costs. I have not the least doubt that the appeal court has rightly interpreted the extremely bad law of signatures. It is a great scandal that while the M,niteur and the Patric, with Mr. Senator Onerronniere foe an so- complies, notoriously commit breeches of the law of signatures every d►y, the government should now and then single out some unfortunate news paper for prosecution. It is an undisputable pro position that the Meniteur, except as regards its official part, is subject to the laws which regulate all other journals, and yet the government, glory ing in the practice of setting administrative autho rities above the law, continues to publish anony mous bulletins iu its non-official part, which treat of political subjects. Neither the ileniteur nor any journal could print the signatures of their real correspondents from such places as at Petersburg, Warsaw, Vienna, and Rome, without cutting off their supplies of news, because the despotic governments which rule in those cities would either arrest or banish anyone known to report the truth to foreign countries. To insist upon the law of signatures, therefore, fitfully and at long intervals, as the government now does, is gra tuitous persecution of the press. It is a curious fact that this law, known as the " Tinguy" law, was passed in 1850 by the legitimists and Orlean hits of the National Assembly, and that all the leading Bonapartista, including Fould, De Horny, and Bissau, voted against it. . A very amusing reason is given by K Paulin Limayrae, a "devoted and independent" writer in the Cunstitutionnel, for the censure exercised by the " Oolportage Commission" upon the hawking of books. Despotic and aristocratic governments, he says, have little oacarion to care for the morality of the people, but a government whose basis is universal suffrage must take care that no moral poison is distributed among the masses whose de legate it is. Here is reasoning in a circle with a vengeance. The patronage of judicial advertisements—often a question of life or death to country journals— has been exercised this year with somewhat more regard to equity and the interests of the advertisers than has hitherto been the practice under the em pire. Several instances are cited in which prefects have declared their intention to distribute the ad rerlieements between the government and the apparition press ; and in some eases it has been officially stated that the administration will not give to any journal whatever the peculiar sanction for its °Onions which the public is apt to imply from an exclusive privilege. All this is progress, slow, bat gratifying, and tends to confirm the idea that the Emperor, more liberal than his ministers, meditates farther reforms. The statement that Vely Paella was likely to be recalled from Paris is contradicted. The news of the arrest of Nana Sahib is just one of those dramatio facts calculated to impress the French mind, and makes a sensation accordingly. Bat doubts are entertained of its truth. The Opinion Nationale says : This in, perhaps, the twentieth time that Nana's arrest has been announced ; bat the news seems to us highly im probable. It is very unlikely that such an ambitious man should have left his country when the Sikhs were agitating in the North West. Moreover, Nam eshib M a Brahmin, and it is against his religion to mom the sea. It is true thniehe was civilly dead on the day whir, pursued by English regimes* he cringed the frontier and entered Befoul. But it will be remembered that on that occasion he celebrated his own funeral by burring with much pomp and ceremony owe at his fingers, which he cut off for the purpose. The published accounts omit to tell us whMher the prisoner of Kamtchi bas lot a finger. gap that a period of hummed trouble is in store for a very important beetteh of the national industry, and for a numerous class of the population. It is noticed already that the rise in the price of the manufactured article does not keep pace with the ries in the price of the raw material ; indeed, it cannot do so, for the slow pace of the Indian and other foreign markets acts as a constant drag upon the prices at Manchester. The importance of this element may be imagined if Messrs. Du FAY and Co. are correct in estimating that the stocks of cotton manufactures " held all over the world " are considered equal to a year and a " half's consumption." Now, when the prices [of the manufactured fabrics do not rise lin proportion to the advance in the raw material, the spinner and manufacturer must do one of two things—slacken the production of yarns and goods, or go on making them at a loss. The latter course would be totally opposed to every business principle, and certainly could not be carried on for long. Large masses of operatives ar. - ow, consequently, being thrown out of employment, and if the threatened additional rise in the price of cotton occur, there will be a louder wail of dis tress from the manufacturing districts. Every ad vance that may take place from the present high level of prices at Liverpool will operate very actively in checking industry. When our readers meet henceforth with the apparently common-pleas announcement that " the price of " cotton at Liverpool has then" such and path a fraction of • penny per lb., they may interpret it as meaning that another mill is closed, and another thousand of industrious persons deprived of the means of subsistence. These bald-looking trade reports possess often a far deeper significance than some of us imagine. at Court. OSBORNE, Jan. 4. The King of the Belgians and Princess Bohan- Wm, and Prince Louis of Hesse, remain at Osborne. JAN. 5. Divine *anise we performed this morning by the Boy . G. Nether* bsfore the King of the Belgians, the Prince of Welts, Prisons Hakes., Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, and Princes Hohenlohe. The Queen will hold a Privy Co:mil this day (Monday) at Osborne. Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colonial office from the flowerpot of Canada. Despatches were sent to the Lord High Commielioner of the lonian Wanda, sad to the Governors al Oaasds sad Bermuda. MEMORIAL OF THE PRINCE CONSORT AND THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF MI. At a meeting of the Committee for the erection of • Memorial of the Great Exhibition of 1851, held oa Thunday last, Alderman CNALUS in the chair, • duplicate of the letter froth H. R. H. the Prime of Walls which ap. peered in our impression of Saturday, is erienexica with the proceedings of the Radiceltaral Society, wee reed. The com mittee unanimously reecdred to carry oat the wishes of her Majesty, and the appended reply wee determined aa. A committee, consisting of Mr. Foley, 8.A., Bum Moo ehetti, A.R.A., Professor Westfosoott, Mr. S. Smirks, A., Mr. George Godwin, and General Gm fee a ehaenel of 0001112t113101111111 with the royal family), wee appointed to confer with Mr. Dastrus, who is to execute the statue. Brompton, Jan. 3. To his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, kc. Sir,—TheOommities for the erection of the Memorial of the Great Fsliibitios of 1851, for which the Horticultural Society have granted • site in their gardens, have received, through General Grey, by command of your Royal High ness, a duplicate of your letter, addressed to the Council of the Horticultural Society. In this letter your Rogil Ingh am rade to reoollestioo, by command of the Quetta, that her Majesty had been pleased to went to • prepaid to place • statue of herself upon the Memorial : that the characteristic seltdenial and modesty of your Royal High ness's deeply lamented sad beloved father (whose loss the whole nation now mourns), had induced him to interpose to prevent his own statue from Kling that position on the Memorial which properly belonged to it : that her Majesty had directed your Royal Higbee's to say it would now how ever be most hurtful to her feelings were any other statue to sue — mount this memorial than that of the great, good Prince., your Royal Highness's beloved father, to whose honour it is in reality to be raised : further, that your Royal High. new had sought and had obtained the permission of the Queen, to present the statue thus proposed to be plaited on the memorial. The Memorial Committee having considered this com munication, request um to state, with most respectful sad heartfelt expressions of the deepen sympathy, sad of just admiration of the asntiee•t that suggested their entire readiness to meet these wishes, not ally as enabling the eatemilien to the memorial to carry out their original desire, which was emphatically and above all things to offer a public and lasting tribute to his Royal Highness the lamented Prince Consort, in coanulcm with the Great Exhibition, but as rendering that memorial also the first of the many records of public homage which will be offered throughout the length aol breadth of the kingdom to the memory al • Prince wham line is deplored by every subject of the realm as • private as well as a national calamity. This grist is felt peoultarly by the committee I have the honour to repre sent, they hay* received from the Prince for a keg time the kindest esesideration and parsecs' assietanoe of ines timable vales in the preparation of the design. They mall, with melancholy satisfaction, the &min stases, that the tart public act in Loudoc of the lamented Prince, your Royal Highness's father, was the approval of the statue of her Most Gracious Majesty, by Mr. Hartman then intended to surmount the usecneeiL The appropriation of this statue, which is Dow being pee duced in bronze, the Memorial Committee most respectfully place in the heads of your Royal Highness. With reiterated expressions of the deepest ',apathy on the pert of the committee, and their prayer for the health et the Queen, I beg leave, Sir, most respectfully ta•ssbsaribe myself, your Repel Highness's humble servant, 620/03 Gonwor, Hormary 8s y. Tail bIZETHHI 01 PA SLUMS:WT. —To-lay, at a Council to be held at Osborne, parliamenj will be prorogued till Thursday, the 6th of February, then to meet for the deepatch of business. It does sot ' follow, however, that, though parliament is pro rogued till the 6th of February, it may not meet , at an earlier day. Should the accounts from America prove unsatisfactory, parliament may, ao cording to precedent, be summoned together by proclamation after 14 days' notice. 13p to Thursday (says the Court Journal) Osborne was full of 'Anton—all familiar faces, sad closely ocennoted, either by relationship or family ties, with the Quinn. The circle included the King of the 80/glana, the Prises sod Primate of Leiningen, the Primer of Holmalebe Lager bony& Prim:4llmM of Hum the Prince at Wale; the Primus Alice, ac.,sed we seed scarcely lay that mole an sr Deathly at such a time ham had a most beneficial What upon the Queen's health. The Prins of Daisies's, though suf fering from Indisposition at the time of the funeral of the late Prince Consort, bar now quite recovered. A most distinguished county meeting was held M UAW ea Friday, in order to exprem madolemoe with the Quoin apes the death of the Prime Caron. Among the speakers were Sir J. I)uckwoeth, But. (is the Glair), the Earl of Devon, Sir Invireace Ashy the Fad of Portsmouth, Mr. Kekewich, M.P.,Mr. Bailor, M.P., Lord Quinton, sad Lord Pannone*. An inilnestaal sanity Meting ham also boos held at Read*, with a similar object. The Duke and Duchies at Wellington leave Apiley Home today foe ellualsidrya. The Earl of Gifford is movering from his re lent indisposition. His larddifp et present staying at Highgate. - - Mr. and Lady Mary Craven have left town for *Otos Mowbray. The Queen his appointed tho Rev. R. Warner to as living*, lehterby. It is rumoured that the Solioibr•General for Ireland. Yr. Lawson, will agar Massif is a candidate for ts representational the boroaph el Oolasains. Nitto JAltti. LATIOT DITELLIGIOCX THE STEAM= " 1111ROPA." QUENNUTOWN, Noma, 10.25 a.m. Up to the present moment there is no sign of the Europa. THE AUSTRIAN REMONSTRANCE WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. The following is the despatch sent by the Austrian government to its representative at Wash ington : " The difference which has arisen between the government of the United States and that of Great Britain, in consequence of the arrest of Messrs. Mason and Slidell, made by the captain of the American man-of-war San Jacinto, on board the English packet-boat Trent, has not failed to en gage the most serious attention of the imperial cabinet. " The more importance we attach to the mainte nance of good relations between the United States and England, the more deeply do we regret an incident which has added such a grave complication to a situation already surrounded with many difficulties. "Without intending to enter here into an exami nation of the question of right, we cannot, never thelem, fail to recognise the fact that, according to the notions of international right adopted by all the powers, and which the American government itself has often taken for the basis of its conduct, England could scarcely refrain in the present cue from protesting against the insult offered to its flag and from demanding a just reparation. It seems to us, moreover, that the demands made on this subject by the cabinet of Bt. James's have nothing in them that is hurtful to the cabinet of Washing ton, and that the latter will be able to do an act of justice and moderation without the least sacri fice of its dignity. "Forming its decision from the rules which guide international relations, and from the con siderations of an enlightened policy, rather than from manifestations produced by an excessive excite- meat of national sentiment, the government of the United States we are glad to hope will import into its judgment all the calmness which the gravity of the case requires, and will deem it fit to adopt a decision which, in preserving from rupture the relations between two great states with whom Austria is equally allied in friendship, will be adapted to prevent the grave troubles which the event of a war could not but entail no lass upon each of the contending parties than upon the affairs of the world in general. "Be so good, K Chevalier uto bring the pre ceding remarks to the knowledge of Mr. Seward, and inform us of the manner in which that minister receives this communication." SPAIN AND MICXIOO. A despatch from the Gulf of Mexico confirms the news of the evacuation of Vera Cruz by the Mexican troops. On the Bth of December the Spanish forme took possession of the fortress of St. Jean d'Ullas without firing a shot. It was not thought that any further military operations would take place till the arrival of the combined forces of England and France. f ru k ge4 Att . 6, 1362. THE ERUPTION OP VESUVIUIL A Naples letter, of the 28th ult., says The destructiou of a city which numbered 22,000 inhabitant" is a startling fact. with snow, vomiting ashes stall like a ten thousand horse power feebly ehimeey, with a ruined city Vim at its feet. sash the speotacle which Taming at this memest yeessate. The number of fugitives was 15.000 only, several thousand having returned to their bosses on the cosines of the bed of lava on which the greater part at Torre is built, Ose old woman 1 maw who had taken rip her dwelling in a house which was rent from top to bottom, and almost haulm against the poles which were pet as props to the mettle es which it rested. I stopped and spoke to a thriving shop keeper who was loofas( oat eagerly for customers. ' What am I do? he said ; I have 20,000 dm ate invested ham, and I must look after them.' Of the cambiums I heard may rides opinions—their praise was in every mess mouth ; amid I must *sprees my opinion that eves in lteglaed potable order could sot have been pre served, fewer acts at violence uonsinitted, or that the government mad local authorities could have lavished more can sad athletics than have been displayed in Torre del Greco on this red oreseies. Gemmel Ims lbmara ham been down several times to ins, and the Nat West Bank, ac cording to hat night's Gazette, has °attributed 6,000 lire, and opened a mtbecriptioa for the relief of the poor." Hee Majesty has been pleased to noespt the einem of the City cl London same a Valente& regiment Effective asineben are assigned late the oorpe IA an annual subscription of one gains* and an eatr•uee fee of tee guiles. Honorary mambo pay tia maul sub ecliptics' of two gannet, wbich may be oemeauted into • If. payment of 10 guineas. Artisan eamnbeee ast admitted wader advantageous arrangements. The course of instruc tioa la military engieeering (oommeoding oHoer Lieut.- naat-Colonel H. G. Mann) will be immediately com menced. Lord Castlereagh has denied that he signed the fa-sailed pretest al the Roman catholio gentry against the QOllllO . ll Colleges, althoagh his name appeared to the 11001181110 i, with his style sad title at Vice-Clmenberlain of her Idalaity's Booesheld. "I de mot know,• he says, "by wha► authority my Dams was adlzed to this preeut. for I hare 'either Wood it myself warauthorised wow to do it kw we On Friday afternoon the Emperor end Impress of the Preach enjoyed the diveroion a/ skating on the Lap do Madrid, in the Bois de Boologas. Altbsogle was hd oroll-drsosed ;maple wont admitted M the spoy W smog of opsoidors was any onslikshie. Their Majesties abided among the other slants without the slighted deigns el formality or restraint throogboaL Tienveror alma himself with unities differed Wks Ia sassessioa to inonpy his airtireissign sod giving them a taro mad dos Ma The Majonams kit about 4 o'clock. According to the last accounts from Algiers the samba al elosirers strived is UNA its to Mss the whiter le very rossicloshitt. At the dela of Dor/mbar they arsee. beret 300, smog whom then were 40 Swedes The Ersg- BA, Trosisse, sad Itsedsse foamed salt is assieriesl order. The Freselt tourists trees be s pest sthecetty. Anon the heinpece ere to be toned physicians, eathes. tetticeihta, betted , * esti. meet at sr, asieghte• The ilseimoses Impressed their delight et the mildews of the ellmeie, sad se the esereeey they aziperkiesed beet the lose eulbeetliet Two minion visiting cards hive passed through the Paris post-altos within the last three days beaidee the ordiaa7 letters. SPECIAL PRAYER MEETING.-(THIS DAY) This morning, "in accordance with an invitan 4 addressed to Christiana throughout the world,* • meetly for special prayer on enbjecite having reference to pea t 4 the general condition of mankind, took plus in Premium& Half ; Sir Culling Eardley, Bert, presided, and • large o w , bar of persons were present. The hoc. baronet having brio, nwleined the nature and object of the meeting, an iow,,; , wee delivered by the Rev. Edward Auriol, MA., of CI A-4 Church, Orford, Rector of Sr Dunstan's•in-the-W oq Short players were then offered up by gentlemen of vstww religious denominations. Subsequent meetings which ait to be held during the week at the same place . 0 1; be presided over by the Hoc. Arthur Rimmed, m.o . Mr. O'Malley, Q.C., Osptein Mande, lt.N., Radstock, Mr. E. Cord:soy, and Mr. Finch JOIN., od Damen will be delivered' by the Rev. Capel Molysea4 MA., of Christ's College, Cambridge, incluubent of N. Paul's Church, °Wow-squire ; the Rev. John Gala n . (Independent), minister ol Craven Chapel, Goldena N u an; the Rev. Clement Striae, incumbent of Christ Chu; Enfield; the Rev. Dr. Edmo nd , of ; the William Pennefether, ILA., of Trinity ege. Dabhg, incumbent of Christ Church, Barnet ; and the Rev. nun Hall, LLB, minister of Surrey Chapel, Blackfmat raid. The mastinipo wall be brought toe ekes on Saturty, MEMORIALS ON THE AMERICAN DIFFICULTY. The following memorials, praying for a pacific of the American difficulty, have just been prewutoi L Load Palma hoe s—Front the independent corigregas io ,„ Tempi, Yerkinethatriris; horn the protestant direseuton Bonita, from the protestant dissenteri of Rhodfawr, ; from the protestant dissenters of Bryngwrasoinglimes; from the protestant dissenters sf Bann. AngliNti; front the protestant dissenters of Ps, Ass; frost the protestant d Wooten of lierns,s, ; from the protestant dissenters of Censer, I ltrollowing memorial has been presented to Lord I. merston by the inhabitants of the borough of Derby, public meeting anionsbhd That they regard with sorts s and alarm the critical date of the relations of this (=coy with the United States, believing that a war, should it us. happily arise between thee. two nations, of the wore origin, speaking the same language, and having essentially similar habits and instantiate, would be a diagram to their common oiviliaatioi sod Christianity. That they are no. able to see in the subject of dispute anything that may not be settled by ordinary diplomacy, or the arbitration of ira. partial and competent arbitrators, agreed epos by the two ts, and they remember with satithaotiou that ha Ci a e r : i tys government submitted to the congress of Paris, held at the ekes of the late war with Ruda, a declaration, I which was aseented to by thesentatives of all the powers, retiornmending that ' esta tes between which serious disegreement shall hr arise, shell, before appealing to form, have recourse (so far as circumstances may admit) to the good offices of some friendly power.' "That, having regard to this declaratioe, the dispute between England and the United &Moils one for the settle. moot of which the aid of a friendly power ought to be oh. tamped ; and your memorialists earnestly retreat your lord. ship to use the influence you poison to muse the adoption of that course. But should it not be found possible to ob. tun an immediate and peaceful end of the diferenoes be. tween the two countries, they farther urge your lordship and your oollesigues in her Majesty's ministry to abstain locos all aids that may lead to hostilities until parliament has had an opportunity of expresdng ita opinion upon the subject. " Janis Owitr, Chairman." OXFORD/MIL ILITITION. An attempt is being suds to oppose the return of Hr Henry Wiliam Durwood for the reprematation Of Oxfordshire , under tlis ampler of "Ib Othordshim Agricultural Political lioalety," who held • meeting at the Star Hotel, Oxford, on 'Saturday. The number of persons present was seder fifty ; scarcely half of whom was voters. The a hem of this society (which was thought to be dettutar long ago) consist chiefly of tenant farmers ; if, bower, it .for include many of the county gentians, °sly one, we believe, responded to the call of the bon. we. tary, Thomas Sham Oarter, , who called the meeting by palls advertisemeat to assist in bringing forward a conservative ceadldate for the representation of Oxfordshire." A Mr. Fowler occupied the chair, and after soros little dilemmas it was Weld to invite Colonel Fan*, of Wormaley, to allow himself to be put la ecsieatioe, sod for that purpose • de putation will waft on him thin day, When it was men tioned that the pliant colonel should be sent free of ex• mem, several of the members left the room instanter. The liberal party hays within the last few years received suck an additional strength in the county, that the return of Sir H. W. Dashwood is looked for as a certainty. The leading grotty the onservative interest ream quite satisfied with th e hairourable baronet, who has just heath his sereed address, in which he says : " I desire unequivocally to state that I belong to that clam of politicians termed liberal,' but that I am en. thely opposed to any rash =insures, and wish to enter i the House of Commas free to vote upon every quashes upon its merits sod my own eouscientious, conviction, with. out referee°, to the gatilcular party by which it may be originated. lem firmly attached to the institutions of my country, and to its landed and essential interests, but I should be reedy to promote any well-advised improve. meets in our political and social system, and to e ff ect any practical retrenchment in the administ ration of our public mecum. As opportunities occur, my best attention would be devoted to the general welfare of this our °minty, in the prosperity of which I am so deeply in. terested.* WRATH= RDPORT.-(THIS DAY.) .•••••••- YONDAT, JASIISZY 6, S LL s..i. lit. l a .: 8.1 0. Lill Num* IV UB4 W.B.W. / 4 s anosui Lam U N N.W. , • Bilt .wwz . Ausassall . 1N $4 E.B.L. 141 Poursait...- 64 48 LW. _a -8 Ilassas. 64mr49 . . 80A1Psoudeli 1 19 N N N.N.W. • Uslana 44499194 trac4 .171 41 49 S.W. • arj 7 08 99 •• 12 1 12 U N.N.W. 9 4 LOIOOI - DOTI& Poarmen - 30.11 U BT N.N.W. a I PeanarD ..«.10.14 42 MI N.W. 0 2 PLTNOVIII lO.ll 42 IS Z. 4 f 1 Plenum lo.ls 49 MI N.N.W. i 9 • • 1 W.-0 18. 1 W.-0.13. t W.-.J.10. PRIMO= 10 TIM IWO= M64l= 5117015 WEDIEBDaT. N. Biasin—N.N.Y. to N.W. N.N.E. to N.W.. ilitah. with PROBABLI —_•6ll wmarespar. N.N.E. to LW., kw* with rain o snow. to N. and to &W., hub to ma late, rain, MOW. inland—N. to W. and &W.. N. to W.. moderate, rainy la fresh, calm, or moderate, places. rainy. Central—N.& to N.W., fresh, NIL to N.W., moderate. rain,y. & Oass4—.N.E. to N.W., mode- N.Y. to N.W., fresh, some rail rate to fresh, rainy, snow. Or snow. L Enstand—N. to N.W., am- :Cit.& to N.W. and W., mo derate, fresh, light or calm, dente, rainy be places. rainy. ZITLI.-NATION. 11.—Barometer correcie7ll;FMlNOed to U dem at menu ma level each 10 feet, of vertical rime, conalun &boat ors•lnmendth of an Inch diminution; and each 10 deg., above U deg.. callake smarty three-hundredths Inatome. E.—rammed %mammies in shade. M.—llotstened bulb 'for evaporation and dew point). D.—Direction of wind (true—two points kft of msg. Wiz). I.—Pone (1 to le—estimated). C.—Cloud (1 to 9). I. Initials : b, blue sky : o. clouds (detached) ; 1, fog ; h, hall : I. wag: so, misty (hazy); o, overcoat (dell) : r, rain : e. snow: t. thunder. a.—der disturbance (1 to M. W.—Wet, rain-fan. or mow, or hall, since last report, in Inches and decimals. a let. Every portion of space occupied by France in the Rahibition of 1862, whether in the picture galleries re la the industrial sections, is to be carpeted. Mirrors and girendoles will be hung fa every available position, and fbe great court whine his hem assigned to them in the south• westeen part of the building will be hung with (=tains daistehed from column to column, shutting off this portion frees the met of the building, and, in effect, rendering it a distinct exhibition. "opposition building," to hold some of the seas rejected boos Ike Internatloonl Exhibition, wu talked of some tilos see s witheat the smallest idea of such a thing ►eing hasible. There is, however, • scheme of this kind sleek Disappointed ashibitocs are said to hats raised • sm of 60,000 f., and to be orpoisiag an indepoodest die• -7• Swedes is to send s contribution to the picture- Okays( the Iskiktsits, and a few of the leading works is her esatisped ere specified. Three celebrated pictures, by disipho Tifirrisd, aro promised. The first is "A religions mg wessfirg is • Norwegian hut," • composition which be. Logs is the Swedish National Gallery, in Christiana. The shed is the property el the King, sod is entitled " Sunday Aftsrsoos ;" It ropromets s schoolmaster catechising his litslo Sock is a shush. A third picture, by Tian:ands a Searkewsee," is to be kat from the Duke of Hamilton's &Asa oeiteeeler. Two works by Professor Gods ere also promised, ore befog a "Bridal Proosedoe," belonging to Led rikerearresi the other a "Poseral Pnionsion" from the gallery of the Arpin of Lanadowne. Till MINISTILL —Lord Palmerston has been graduelly rearysrlis during the week from hi attack of EtEtz , bet is still week is his feet. The noble viscount he. , daily takes a °wisp drive, and throughout his lOW Wading to several weeks, has never boss W- I rem flees terserssisg caked Weiner. Sir George C. ' Lewis, the Doke of Newcastle, the Doke of firreersek der G. Grey, Mr. Kilmer Otters, the Duke of Argyll, and Xi. Villion ace raying in Loudon. Nr.olrdetone r espented to I Prim is tows twirorrow (N .). Lord Grenville Is also A in Leek" sod... Lord Prord of the Council, will M' seed es-asserow Irak other reseskers of the 4' skier, to et , teed the Privy Omura' appointed to be held by her Naiad) at Oeborse.-06serser. ; 1 •