The Express. — London, England, 1862-07-04 00:00:00

OM SMITH •ND OD.II roIJRZ EXTRACT of CALVES' FEET, For limit& and Outlaw, Um. Sold la ea.,olt saoko•aot obiwoks. 'mem he. I FULIII/14101Y, U. =Li POILI'LLNDAIT llogestat., W, §ECOND-HAND PIANOFORTES. MAXI; MALY, sod WOOD lave a Imp imartnist noood-band Pianofortes, by the taut islessed intim at grestly reduced prlas.—ml. Itiontagymet, FUN, EVERY WEEK, ONE PENNY. Ette erivrelos. HAYIIARICET. TioLkmmvk THE HAPPIBBT DAY OF MY LIPS Was COUSIN. Hawn sotbarn, meadow . Mrs. Young, Mtesolleer.—LA OONTRABANDISTA. Nees Nona and Senor Iloraps.—And SHOCKING EVENT& FRTWOREITS. Tuts Emma, TOO MUCH OP ♦ GOOD THING.—THE 00RsICAN BROTHERS. Maws Charles Kean, Jordan. Mora, R. Cathcart, Everett, Garden, and Meadow@ Mom Yielding, R. Incleroa, and Chapman.—And THZICE ILAILLIED. T. JAMES'S. Twig ramie, ENDER THE itieIL—FRIINDS OR YOH& Mew* George Vining, Dewar, end E Matthews; Mra T. Matthews, ulna Herbert and Ellen numer.—And MUNCH AILU3LL. B ITAxhis. Tung ivntring, THE ROMANCE OF A POOR YOUNG MAN I Mews. J. Reynolds. W. crauland. ElEwond ; Ws. Yarnold. —Sineng by Barry Sydony and Ws.George—AMERICAN BLArLEY.And THE IDOULTOIL—Commenee at St. HIGH WATTS AT LOMB°, BRIDGE. THIS DZiliiiin7l;66 66 256 r Afternoon, 66. 5016. To-iscasow—liarning, 76. 1616..... afternoon. Th. 37k. LONDON, FRIDAY, JULY 4. Tax House of Commons has debated for two years on the question of the best means of defend ing the country from attack, and at this moment it is apparently as far from a conclusion as ever. We beg, therefore, to offer a suggestion by the adoption of which a good deal of time and talk might be prevented from running to waste. Our proposal is simply that Government should begin at the beginning, and should issue a commission for inquiring into the possible means of attacking this country. It certainly needs no demonstration that this question lies at the very root of all our p parations for defence, and it is equally obvious that it is one upon which Parliament and the Govern. ment have no definite ideas at all. Now the great virtue of a commission is, that in lieu of the Cossack warfare of individual assertion it gives us the matured and weighty convictions of skilled experience for our battle-field. Take, for instance, the suggestion by which Lord Pat.xxasrox, our most distinguished amateur tactician—if, indeed, he who announces that he has specially studied the sub ject for twelve years is not entitled to a higher name than that of amateur—won a triumph for the Fortifications Bill on Monday evening. It had been argued, his Lordship said, that we are safe from any attack, because an attack could come from only two places, Brest and Cherbourg, and these might be shut by blockade ; but, he would ask, were there not also Toulon and Lorient from which a hostile fleet might sail for our shores Now, it certainly would be desirable to know whether, in the opinion of our own or of foreign naval men, Toulon and Lorient form important bases of operation for a descent on England ; because if so we must materially modify our judgmei t as to the possibility of despatching a fleet of fiat. bottomed transports across the Bay of Biscay. Or, again, take his Lordship's assertion on • former occasion that the French expedition to Italy showed how easily troops might be sent by sea to disembark on a foreign shore. Un doubtedly it would be most important if this assertion should be endorsed by a Royal Commis sion; because if it were we should be in a position to ascertain whether the great continental masters of the art of war consider that the successful landing of an army at the port of an ally is a precedent quite sufficient to justify the throwing of troops on the beach of a hostile country, where twenty thousand men under arms are within an hour by rail of the spot. So, too, we should learn whether the idea which Sir G. Law's on Monday propounded, that wooden transports are as useful and available as ever, because they may be con voyed by iron ships of war, is entirely consistent with the recent experience which has taught us that iron ships can spare a few shells to sink or blow up a wooden one, even when engaged with iron ships themselves. But we nee d not dilate upon the advantages which our suggestion in every way offers. It is quite clear that be:ore consider ing how we should defend Portadown-hill or the heights above Plymouth, we ought to have some notion of whether it would ever enter into an enemy's head to attack them ; and this is precisely what we have, as yet, never turned our minds to inquire. Sir G. Lzwis, indeed, who has at length come down among men from the serene abstractions of celestial philosophy, tells us that we are now in the right way for defene'ng the country. "Because," he asks, " what is the country I The country is " made up of those places which are wog easily " attacked, and in which the most valuable property " —those means and instruments which are most " efficient for defence are to be found. Those places " are our naval arsenals." This satisfactory defini tion of " what is the country," is obviously derived from the mathematical axiom that " the whole is "made up of all its parts." But for our presert pur poses the definition is open to the objection of being more elegant than useful ; for it assumes the very point which is in dispute. Are t 1 ,43 marina/a the places most easily attacked, or are they, in deed, open to attack at all t Nothing, of course, is simpler than to adopt the system of Government, and of the Defence Commissioner., and to say— Supposing a foreign force established in this coun try, could the arsenals hold out t But then we still want to know bow the foreign force is to get established ; and on this the Commission, as it was not appointed to consider but was told to as sume that case, entrenches Reel in the most elementary generalities. Now, it so happens, that Sir JOHN BURGOYNE, who is certainly our most distinguished authority on such a subject, WI/ us that it is the moat difficult thing in the world to effect a landing of troops if it is resisted ; that he only knows one instance, that of Egypt, in which it was done, and there it was under excep tionably favourable circumstances ; and that the French and English, with all their absolute com mand of the sea and all the power of steam, could never have disembarked their 50,000 men at Old Fort if the beach had been defended by but 2,000 Russians with a few light pieces of artil lery. Here, then, is a erect conflict of authority between Sir G. Lewis and Sir Jonx Buzoorxx ; and the puzzle is increased by Sir G. Lawn and Lord Euxinurrott telling us that this is a case in which we are bound to yield to authority. Can anything more be requisite to prove that all these are questions which we civilians must decide for ourselves, and that we cannot and dare not accept their solution on the faith of mere " authority " I Those who ask us to surrender our reason before the opinions of a few military and naval officers, as if they were infallible, fall into the old error of forgetting that we must first use our reason to ascertain whether they are in fallible or not. We in this country are not in the r habit of accepting infallibility in any profession as a dogma. We exercise cor inherent right of reason to try the spirits, and neither give to clergymen, to lawyers, nor to scientific men, a blind submission, merely because they belong to professions to which we do not. The tendency of our constitution, indeed, is rather in the very opposite direction. It is a lawyer, and not a clergyman, who decides for us what is the faith of our Church ; it is to English judges that we commit the final determination of Scottish, Irish, and Colonial appeals; our juries inquire every day into questions depending on science alone. Parliament does not refer to the Inns of Court as to the proper reform of the law; and it is the House of Commons, and not the Admiralty or the Horse Guards, that fixes the strength of the forces needful for our safety. It would therefore be a mere absurdity to tell us that we must accept • certain measure of fortifications on the dictation of military men, even if they were unanimous, for our common sense would still have to sit in judgment upon the conclusions of prejudiced technicality. But when military and naval men are not unanimous, when we find Royal Commissioners diametrically opposed to the pro fessional witnesses whom they examine, when we find new circumstances constantly arising _ which overturn all prior received doctrines, and when we find the distinguished amateur, who bids us defer to authority, himself setting at nought the l•ighest authority that exists, what course is open to us but to take the decision into our own hands, and to say, Srst of all, that we must have more time, more inquiry, and more deliberation ere we can decide 1 And for this at least we have the comfort o: knowing that we have time, for others are puzzled as we are, and while we pause over our resources of defence, they are only too glad to be allowed to proceed slowly with their measures of possible attack. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 4, 1862. be Court. OSBORNE, JOLT 3. Her Majesty drove out yesterday afternoon, accompanied by Princess Hohenlohe. Lord Chaska Fitzroy attended on honeback. The Crown Prince of Prow& went to London yesterday morning, and visited the Cattle• show of the Royal Agri cultural Society, and also the Great Exhibition. His Royal Highness returned to Osborne at 8 p.m., attended by Lieutenant-Colonel von Obernits and Lieut.- Colonel Cavendish. This afternoon the Crown Prince will leave for Dover, on his return to Germany. Lord Charles Fitzroy and Colonel the Hon. A. Hardinge have succeeded Major-General Seymour and Lieutenant• Colonel the Hon. D. de Rce, u Equerries to her Majesty. The Duke of Saxe Coburg, attended by Colonel Francis Seymour, C. 8., visited the International Exhibition yes terday morning. The Duke of Cambridge visited his Royal Highness at the Palace Hotel, Buckingham-gate. The Duke of Saxe Coburg, attended by Colonel Francis Sey mour, C. 8., sad Baron de Wangenheim, left town at 20 minutes before 3 o'clock in the afternoon, for Osborne, Isle of Wight. Prince Charles and the Princes Charles of Here, with the Princess Anna, Prince Henry, and Prince William, attended by the Ladies in Waiting and b► Lieutenant- Colonel du Plat, Baron von Rioow, Major von (anima, and Captain von Zangen, went to Windsor yesterday morning and were conducted through the Castle. Their highnesses I returned to the Palace Hotel at 20 minutes before 8 o'clock. The Viceroy of Egypt, attended by the HOD. Charles A. Murray, visited the International Exhibition yesterday morning. Viscount Palmerston returned to town yesterday from Oxford. The Judicial Committte of the Privy Council mat yester day. An appeal from the Consular Court, Coodantinople, Black v. The Ottoman Bink,," was beard. An appeal from Madras, " Virden Seth Sam v. Laokpatty lalab," was beard. Their lordships postponed judgment. Despatches were received yesterday at the Oolonial-olrios from the Governors of Canada and Malta. Deqsatches were teat to the Governors of Gibraltar, Malta, Ceylon, Hoeg Koog, Lebuan and Canada. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess do Montpenaier, family, and mite, left Plymouth by the 10.40 a.m. exprem train on Thursday, en route for Bath I I and Tunbridge Wells. His Hiffiness Prince Doria Pamphili has left Claridge's Hotel for Scarborough. His Highness Prince Leichtenstein has arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Austria. Their Highnesses Princess Piombino and Princess Palbirvane have arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Aria, His Excellency Mons. Demetz, Conseiller Doyen Hosoraire it is Door Imperial de Paris, acoompanied by the Count and Countess de Boielenemelee and Countess de I Boucher, have arrived at Mamigy's Hotel from Paris. Hia Excellency le Comte de Fersen has arrived at Manrigy's Hotel from Bt. Pstenburg. His Excellency General Ignatieff and Madame Igaatioff hays let Thome. Hotel, Berkolopoquare, for Pork. The Marquis and Marchioness )3andini have arrived at Clarides Hotel from Paris. The Marquis and Marchioness de Cazeau have arrived at Thoraide Hotel, Berkeley-eclairs, from Paris. The Earl and Countess of Clare and Lady Louisa Dillon have artivci at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. The Earl of Eros has left Eaton-square for Crom Castle, Ireland. The Earl and Countess of Vernlam entertained at dinner, on Tuesday last, the Earl and Counter Craven and Lady E. Cameo, the Hee. Mr. Bruce, the Earl and Coaster of Dalkeith, Lord and Laly Begot, Viscount Chelsea, the Hon. Mine Cadogan, the Hon. Mr. Cowper, Lard Hamilton, Mr. G. Tomlin., and Lord likelmendale. _. _ The 00110.6136 Cowpr entertained at dinner last Wednesday the Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Earl and Countess of Beasborough, the Earl of Break nook, Lord Stanley of Alderley, Mr. and Lady Augusta Start, Lady Rokehy, Mr. rid Mrs. John Leslie, the Hon. Evelyn Ashley, the Hos. Augusta; Anson, and the Hon. Reginald Talbot. After the preeentation of the city address at the Oxford Town Hall on Wednesday, an elegant luncheon was given to the Prime Minister, the Lord Chancellor, the Vice- Chancellor, Mr. Gladstone, M.P., Mr. Cardwell, the Dean of Winchester, and many other distinguished visitors, in the hall of All Souls' College. In the afternoon the Uativeraity Masonic Lodge gave their annual frt. in St. John's College Gardens, when between 3,010 and 4,000 unions invited by that body were present. Among the ?Untrue were Lord Pal mars ton and the Lord Chaucellor in their D.C.L. robes, ac companied by the Vioe•Chanoellor and the Dean of Christ's Church. Sir George Bowyer will move on the 15th for a select committee to iuqui-e into the srtievantes alleged to exist and complained of by the persons employed in the Poet-office department. Sir Thomas Phillip, F.G.S., Vice-President of the Society of Arta, has been unanimously elected chair menfor. the current year. The next eonversazione of the Society of Arts will be held on Wedn.nlay next, at the South Kenaingtoe Ifnieutn. Mr. G. W. Miran, with a choir ea:misting of members of the Notional Choral Society, will give some musical performances during the evening. The third con• versasione will take place on the Bth October. - _ Mr. John Leech's sketches in oil, at present exhibited at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, and which have been received with ao much favour by the public, have been purchased by Hann. Agnew, of )(enchanter. The tenth volume of the correspondence of Napoleon I. hem Just appeared. ft comprises the period between the let of October, 1804, and the 28th of June, 1805, during which 894 letters were written on the most im portant akin of State, from the army, navy, public' works, finance, the public and private conduct of public function aries of every grade, to the squabbles of the opera dancers in Paris. THE YELVEBTON MARRIAGE CASE. In the Court of Session at Edinburgh, yester day, Lord ArdmiDen gave judgment in favour of Major' Yelverton, deciding that there was no Scotch marriage. In the action of &aerator by Mrs. (Longeorth) Yelverton, he finds that the pursuer has not proved that she is the wife of the defasisr, and he eiwoilises the defender. la the action of declaration of freedom, &c., by Major Yelver ; ton, he declares against the defender, and finds Major Yel -1 vertou eutithxl to costa The oobabition which the law requires (said his lordship) must be such cohabitation as husband sad wife as create. • general belief of marriage. The consorting with the view to concubinage, under colour of professed marriage, is not the cohabitation which law requires. It must be open and avowed cohabitation, as in the relation of husband and wife. The using a false name, and especially the use of a maiden name, is most unfavourable to the plea of cohabitation. Besides, • divided repute, or • limited repute confined to • narrow ephere,while elsewhere an opposite repute exists, is not suffi. dent. In this case, apart from the mere colour, assumed to escape scandal and procure admission to lodgings and hotels, there has been no habit and repute at all. The cohabita tion of the parties, such es it was, did not waste • general belief in their marriage. There was no such general belief ; neither relatives, nor friends, nor neighbours seriously believed, as the result of open conjugal cohabitation, that these parties were husband and wife. The Lord Ordinary has now explained the grounds on which he is of opinion that the pursuer's pleas are not well founded. The award of expenses to the successful party is in accordance with the general rule and practice of the court. This judgment has been reached after much anxiety and not without sympathy for the led fate of the pursuer ; but with a clear conviction that it is according to the truth of the case. For the conduct of the defender there can be no excuse. But he was not the seeker, the ' seducer, or the betrayer of the pursuer. The story of the punier—her charms, her talent, her misfortune— even the intense and persevering devotedness of the passion by which she was impelled—must excite interest, pity, and sympathy. But she was no mere girl —no simpleton —no stranger to the ways of the world—no victim to insidious arta. She was not deceived. She fell with her own consent. Applying to the ascertained facts the rules of the Scottish law of marriage, the Lord Ordinary has found it impossible to arrive at any other conclusion than that the pursuer has not instructed that she is the awful wife of Major Yelverton. Thia decision will be reclaimed to the Inner House of the Court of Sesidom WEATHER REPORT.-{THIS DAY.) FRIDAY, JOLT ♦, I ♦IL &R.N. D. F.O.L && --- -- - N -max. Hit 116 61 B.W. ar 0.12 liamonis 29.01 68 49 W.N.W. 4r 0.07 Loom - Hamm . - Waosau2 2974 H 11 N.W. o - P0@9069..„ 26.76 68 62 W. b GALWAY - VHariu - Cionsirow 19.90 62 68 N. b - - - - 1101.11111A1) SAM 66 U W.9.W. 1 b 2 11211271.636 - 3 Flieweco - 3 FuNOOl22 UM 87 114 Z. 9 lir 0.16 1 JWZV 29.89 OS I 9 W.S.W. 0 4 , - 3 toenail). roaranoo99 26.91 SI 64 W. 4 Or 0.47 2 Dov 33 - 0.89 2 Loom 29.61 63 60 &W. 7 or Oil - YA11201772 - 2 80619014099 22.77 64 61 W.N.W. 3 6 - 1 Maas 29.74 66 62 W.N.W. 6 0 - 2 1111U0OL69D 29.77 66 63 W.N.W. 4 r 920 2 SATURDAY. lUSDAY. W. to N. and to N.L, DOWLARD. N.N.L to LB.L, mo bah, One. rata, fine. Aa above. N.L to B.IL, moderate. W.N.W. to N.N E., W. CIRTIAL. Variable, fine. moderate, One. W.B.W. to N.N.W.. B.W.ltgoutin. N.N.W. to E.N.L sad fresh to light. to 8.E., light, One. W.N.W. to N.N.L and 8. &EXCLAIM. N. to E., moderate. to LS.L, moderate. N. W. to N.L, fresh, E. COAIL N.N E. to lAA, light fine. to moderate, Ina The Stamford Mercury says :—" As Sir John Trollope was proceeding e• Monday last in a posy phaton to Bourn, for the purpose of attending the sessions, the animal (a spirited one) shied off the road soon after passing through Gretford, upsetting the vehicle into a dyke, and throwing out the hon. baronet and his servant. We are glad to be able to state that neither unstained any serious injury, though the shaking from the fall caused Sir John to walk rather lame ; he, however, presided over she sessions, and at the close of the business he proceeded to London." Sir Thomas Whichcote, Bart., has sailed from Grimaby in his fine yacht the Enchantress, fora tour up the Baltic. He is accompanied by CoL Reeve, the Hoe. Coot Forester, the Hoe. Mr. Selwyn, kc. The Emperor and EMPrese of the French are expected to return in • few days to St. Cloud. The order has arrived to close the ap•rtmeote usually shown to the public from the Ist of July until further orders. Among the addresses lately presented by the French legitimists to the ex-Queen of Naples, is one which says that she only wants "one flower to her crown— maternity. May it be given us to admire in you the mode of mothers! May you add new links to the long chain of kings whom God in His mercy has granted for the care of His church sod the happiness of the people. New branch of Castile,—may you give birth to a *Moe, the heir of 1 the virtues of St. Louis, and of his worthy descendant, Francis II !" At the Paris sale of Lord Pembroke's furniture on Tuesday a set of 12 small cups in old Sevres brought 730 fr.; 19 cups of a different pattern, 950(r.; two °momenta for the chininey-pieos to hold matches, 1,250 fr.; a travelling time piece, of the size of a closed hand, 1,725 fr.; two small vases Mold Sines porcelain, 6,275 fr.; two paper weights, 1,325 f r.; two Sevres vases, mounted in bronze, 3,0001 r.; two flower miss in Sevres, 7,803 fr.; two Oaladoo vases, 1,135 fr.; two Japan vases,3,47sfr.; two China vases, bright crimson colour, 5,225 fr.; two small Sevres vases, 8,30 fr.; a service of 60 pieces, with filagree edges, 1,255 fr.; two small vases of old Sevres, 14,7501 r.; • round table in Sevres porcelain, the lower part in braise, 8.800 fr.; two large mess in China porcelain, white ground, 4,5501 r.; • service of 94 pieces, 3,800 f r.; two lamps, 2,4001 r.; • service in old &Tres porce lain. bat with modern ornamentation, 1,4501 r. The Abeilie de Chdenounie says :—" The first ascent of Moot Blanc this year has just been effected. It was made on the 28th June, by Mr. Matthews and Mr. Mac donald, members of the Alpine Club in London, and was perfectly siceessful, although the want of consistence in the snow his always formed a serious obstacle at this season of the year. In the history of the ascents of Mont Blanc, this is only the second that has been made in June. The fint was on the 19th June, 1819, by two Americans, named Howard and Reuther, who are both still alive." The People's Gazette of Berlin has the following curious paragraph :—" :deny protestant clergymen in Ger many having complained that persons of both sexes are in the habit of sleeping during the sermon, a new plan has been adopted to keep them awake. The beadles, furnished with long wands, keep moving about the church and lightly touch those whom they catch napping. This plan has been already tried with success in the duchy of fiaxe-Goths.' The men and women in the province of Vitebsk, in Russia, having recently commenced wearing Polish coats and cape as well as brooches and other ornaments, expres• sive of their sympathy for the Poles, the chief of the go vernment of Vitebsk has issued An order prohibiting the use of such articles, under pain of judicial proceedings. . . . The Chamber of Deputies at Bucharest has passed a note of sympathy on the assassination of the Prime Minister of the Two Principalities, and opened a credit for the erection of a monument to his memory. Priori. Cosa his addressed a letter of condolence to Madame Catardgi. No American mail, sent from New York to Colifcrnia by the 'overland route, after the 20th of March last, has reached St. Joseph, owing to the hostilities of the Indians. The latter have stolen all the stock of the Over. land Mail Company. Troops have been mut to protect the route. On the Zird of April the American Post-ollim Department ordered all mails back to New York to go by steamers until matters became settled. St. Croix, to which the Danish government has offered to remove a number of the black freed men of the United States, is • small West India island, twenty-four miles in length and nine in breadth, and contains 4,000 white inh►bitants. It is highly cultivated, but its cultiva tion may be greatly extended. It is in great want of me chanics, especially those capablis of constructing vessels, ship yards, deck; and railways. Its products coesiat of sugar. cotton, coffee, gisger, pimento, cocoa, drugs, tobacco, fruit., &c. The sugar production mostly reappears abroad in the shape of what ia celled " Old Santa Cruz." -- lATEST INTELLIGENCE. ITALY. The following is a report of a remarkable speech made in the debate of June 27: M. Ricciardi began by expressing his opinion, that the six months asked for by the ministry before bringing on the discussion of the budget was too long a period. A great deal might happen in six months. There was, amongst other things, • talk of an Italian expedition to Mexico. The opposition had two main duties to fulfil : to take care that the government did not break the bounds of the statute and the laws, and to urge it on in the path of progress. But there was a third duty suggested to him by the consider►- tion that when men rose in the world they were apt to be puffed up with exaggerated ideas of their own importance. Ministers, by having their ears continually tickled with the appellation of "Excellence," came at last to fancy them. selves demigod'. It was, therefore, wholesome that men who (like himself) had been their colleagues should now and then remind them that they were liable to err like simple mortals, and needed to be looked after and controlled. For his own part, he should slwaysbe an opposition man until the discovery was made of such • thing as a perfect ministry. He was told that there was something auspicious in the origin of the present ministry. He knew nothing about that, and would pass on. He had also heard it asserted that the ministry was not homogeneous, that it had been picked out of a majority containing as many colours as the rainbow ; but it was, nevertheless, possible that the ministry might be agreed in material points affecting the common weal. Another criticism was, that the ministry was not composed in accordance with geographical exigencies —that it repre sented the subalpine homogeny, which should have dis appeared on Nov. 7, 1860. He, however, preferred the pre. sent ministry to the lad, and thought it better than the next was likely to be. Believing that a ministerial crisis would be fraught with danger to the country, he supported the present ministry as a orionmary Ile would proceed to inquire what it had done. Its pro gramme was an encyclopedia. [Hem M. Ricciardi read the manifesto of M. Batumi on his recent advent to power, and expressed his approval of the principal part of it.) These promisee were worthy of immortality. But had they been fulfilled? Looking in the Official Gazette, he found the columns very wonderfully full of crosses, decorations, ha., granted to adherents. The ministry had shown itself prodigal in swelling the budget of various branches of the administration, and in giving such large indemnities as it had done to the Prefect-General, La Marmora, his guardian angel Chevalier Visone, and • third personage. But he would pass over all these things if he could find that the two great questions of Rome and Venice were in the way of • solution. The fact, however, was that Napoleon 111. was pursuing the policy of Napoleon I. The latter was twins master of Vienna ; be might have crushed Austria, but he purposely kept her alive because she served his purpose as an incubus upon Germany and Italy. Napoleon 111., at this day, had no other object in his intervention in Italy than to substitute his own pre ponderance for that of Austria. Napoleon 111. did not wish what they, the Italians, did. An enemy of liberty io his own country, how could he be expected to support liberty in Italy? The murderer (accisore) of the Roman republic was incap►ble of wishing the triumph of Italian nationality at Rome. He (M. Ricciardi) was convinced that in keeping hie troops at Rome the deli berate purpose of Napoleon 111. was to foment discord in Italy. Otherwise he would have sent Francis IL to the right-about, and pat • stop to the organisation of brigan dage. The ministry ought to know these things, and know ing them, should recruit an army of 400,000 men, and look to them for a solution of our difficulties. As to Rome the right course would be to hem it in with a circle of iron. The Pope was daily issuing fresh paper money, which Italy would in the trod be expected to pay. He would call upon the ministry to declare that no issues subsequent to March 27, 1861, would be recognised by Italy. He avowed himself • warm p•rtis= of legal agitation of those societies and com mittees which were opposed to the present ministry, though not to the last. Those societies exercised • most beneficial influence upon public opinion. He would exhort the ministry to turn them to account. Why had the president of the Council of Naples repudiated the young men who wanted to organise • legion? It was, fur thermore, most essential to inculcate the conviction in men's minds that the Pope at Rome ought to be Pope, and nothing else. "Rome is the cause of our divisions, let us divide her." Every priest who deserted that city should be hailed se a friend. The Hungarian deserters were con sidered as brothers, why should not the same fraternity be extended to priests separating themselves from the doc trines of Rome? Let the principle.of free inquiry be sub stituted foe that of its blind faith. That would be the best eetapulta with which to batter down the gates of Rome. In so acting the most glorious tradi tions of Italy would be followed. For his own part, if he were only younger, his ambition would be to become a heresiarch and be declared an Anti-Pope. He apprehended that the ministers were in no hurry to go to Rome, " for fear of their successors." And yet the possession of Rome was most essential for the tranquillity of the southern pro visoes. He considered the King's journey to Naples a failure, end objected particularly to the gift to St. Janne riva, " perpetuating as imposture at the expense of 330,000 Evros." He concluded by an earnest appeal to government to hold the next legislative session at Naples. SPAIN. The Epoca of Madrid, of the 30th ult., states that the Spanish government has received the most satisfactory communications from its representative at Washington as to the favourable effect produced in official regions, as well as among the people of the United States, by the disinterested policy which Spain has adopted with regard to Mexico. The present relations between the cabinets of Madrid and of Washington are most cordial. Sir James Crampton, the English ambassador at Madrid, has left for the baths of the Ps rindes. (=noes MARRIAGE OF THE KING OF PORTUGAL. TURIN, JULY 4. The Portuguese Envoy has remitted a letter to King Victor Emmanuel from the King of Portu gal, requesting the hand of the Princess PM in marriage. HANOVNR. HANOVER, JULY 3. A royal reacript has been issued, proroguing the Chambers for an indefinite period. It is doubtful whether they will reassemble in the autumn, as differences of opinion on that point exist in the ministry. - THE BRAZIL AND RIVER PLATE MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, JOLT 4. The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Parana has arrived here with the above mails, 149 pas sengers, 45,0461. in specie, 14 packages of diamonds/ and k,8213 packages of cargo. The elections in the Brazilian provinces had re sulted in favour of Buenos Ayres. The celebration of the anniversary of indepen dence and the instalment of the National Assembly took place on the 25th of May. Don Marcos Paz was named president of the Senators, and Dr. Obli ged° of the Deputies. General Mitre, who is regarded as President of the Republic, having read his message, formally inaugurated the Assembly. All the 'dam offioers and foreign agents were present. - 00MMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. No change had occurred in the produce market. The slaughter of cattle was limited to 22,600 head. Prices were high. Shipping was scarce, and freights high. Zschange on London, Ms. 6d. Sugar was in demand at Bahia. There was no cotton in first hands. Coffee unaltered. Freights to Liver pool, 40s. According to present reports, it does not appear that the Russian grain harvest will beluga this year. la the south the crops have been burnt up, in the north they have had cold and wet The cold at the date of the lest letters was described ea " unprecedented at this season." " Re cently," it is said, "the thermometer did not show more th►n five degrees of Rtaumur the whole day, and went down as low as Se.. AMERICA. (asorsa's TNIMMIL) LIVERPOOL. FRIDAY. The Inman screw steamer City of Washington, Captain Brooks, which left New York on the 21st ult., arrived in the Mersey at 1 o'clock this morning. She brings New York papers of the 21st ult. The New York Herald of the 21st gives the fol lowing summary of the state of affairs : The rebel batteries ►t City Point, on the James River, below Fort Darling, opened fire on our fleet on Tuesday, but the gunboat. returned et> briskly with shell and shrapnel that the batteries were soon silenced, and the rebels retired. Skirmishing still continued in front of General M'Clellan's army. The rebels are assuming a threatening attitude, and seem disposed to provoke a general engagement. General Dix has paid a visit to Suffolk, and the Naafi mood River has been opened by our gunboats. late advicos from Winchester report that General Shields his concentrated all his Toros at Struburg. The rebel General Ewell was reported to be in Luray with • large body of troops. General Fremont was about to ad vance upon Newmarket. General Jackaon, with his forces, is said to occupy Harrisonburg and Port Republic. The news from Memphis is important to-day. General Lewis Wallace is in military command of the city, and has taken possession of the office of the Argus, ► notorious rebel sheet. The vicinity of the city is infested with guerillas, many of whom are engaged in burning cotton in the southern counties of Missiasippi end other points. Trade in Memphis is rapidly improving. Boats going north are filled to their utmost capacity with passengers and freight. The Federal government had received no official information from New Orleans, confirming the report of the capitulation of Fort Morgan. The United States Senate had passed the Pacific Railroad Bill. In the House of Representatives, on the 20th, the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee reported a bill increasing temporarily the duties on imports, and for other purposes. It was referred to the committee of the whole. With an ordinary revenue of fifty or sixty millions per annum under present tariff, an addition of ten millions would, it was supposed, be realised under this proposed act. The master's mate of the privateer Sumter had been arrested at Boston. A Postal Bill had been offered in the House of Representatives, organising the United States Post office on the English plan. It is proposed that there shall be a uniform letter postage of 20. foe all distances; postage' on regular newspapers by the year—weekly, 20c. ; semi-weekly, 40c. ; six times a week, 1 dol. 20c. [Commercial intelligence already published.] [The following amend In nearly the whole of our im• preation of luteven :] A BATTLE NEAR CHARLESTON. GREAT LOSS OF LIFE ON BOTH SIDES. NEW YORK, Jun 23, Emma. (Per deems St. George, via St. John's sod Greenock.) A bloody battle was fought near Charleston on the 16th, with heavy loss on both sides. The Charleston Mercury expressos apprehensions for the safety of the city. General Beauregard has arrived at Montgomery, en route for Richmond. The reinforoement of Jackson is confirmed. The Federal mortar fleet has left New Orleans for Vicksburg. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, Joys 23. Money abundant. Gold, 7 premium. Exchange very firm, 1181 to 1181. Stocks heavy. New York Central, 92}. Illinois, 81. Erie, 381. Cotton very firm. Middling Upland, 32. Flour, good inquiry. Wheat rather firmer. Corn in good demand, ►t an advanoe of lc. Provisions quiet and unchanged. Coffee very firm. Sugar steady. Molasses dull and unaltered. MEXICO. The New York Herald says :—" We have papers from Merida, in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, to the 28th of May, containing detailed accounts of the recent conflicts between the French and Mexi cans at Puebla. The spirit of the people seems to be thoroughly aroused, and the papers say that the whole French army will either be cut to pieces or compelled to surrender. There are brief statements of another attack on the French rear during their retreat from Puebla, but the official documents had not been received in Yucatan. Considerable sick ness prevailed at Vera Cruz at latest dates." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (nom oue OWN PARIS, TEIUIUIDAT EVKIIMIG. Admiral Jurien do la Gravibre will start for Vera Cruz about July 20 or 25, on board the Nor mandie, a new iron-plated frigate, which is said to have made some experimental trips to sea with complete success. Captain de Russel, of the Mon tezuma, who lately returned from Mexico, and is said to have given the Emperor much valuable in formation, is appointed flag-captain to the expe dition. The Emperor passed no less than five hours on Sunday in conference with Admiral de la Graviere and the Minister of Marine. It is now said that General Forey will not go out before September. The Senate closed its session yesterday, after having by acclamation voted the budget in the only form which the constitution allows its sanction to a bill ; viz., by declaring that "there is nothing in it unconstitutional." No senator thought it expe dient to call to mind that a tax upon private car riages waa held to be unconstitutional five years ago. . w A rather interesting discussion occurred on the subject of a petition presented by au advocate of Aries against the decree (already the subject of a reference to the Minister of Justice) on another petition enforcing the retirement of judges at a given age. It appears that this petition is worded lin manner most hostile to the empire and its institutions. Nevertheless Count Casablanca, the reporter upon it, expressed an opinion that the Senate had no choice, since the petition raised a constitutional question, but to have it read at a public sitting and printed in the Moniteur. He, however, took the opportunity of saying that the regulations ought to be altered now that the debates of the Senate were made public, because it was inevitable that petitions would sometimes be presented which could not decently be read. In spite of Count Casabianca's authoritative recom mendation, the Senate thought it so important to prevent the public knowing what the Aries barrister said about the constitution, that they took upon themselves to vote the order of the day upon his petition, thereby shelving, it without a reading. The subject was revived just before the session was declared closed, by M. de la Guerron- nibre, who, albeit not often (of late) distinguished by liberalism, protested that another senator, M. Tourangin, had misrepresented him by stating that I be concurred in the opinion that on a petition touch ing the constitution the Senate in every ease had but one course to take, via, to pass to the ceder of the day. On the contrary, M. de la Guerronnibre thought that the duty of the Senate was to examine • constitutional petition, like any other, upon its merits. M. Tourangin repeated his argument, which must be admitted to be plausible, viz., that inasmuch as the ivielf, rising its initiative, can only prose reform in the constitution when thereunto moved by a requisition, signed by ten members, it would be anomalous if the first comer should be enabled, by way of petition, to do what no single seuat b , can do--raire a constitutional discussion in ti,. Senate. M. Troplong put a stop to the coutrover,y an not being properly before the house, and tht question remains in dubio. The walls of Paris are now covered with trated placards, announcing that there will shortly be given on the lake at Versailles a grand nautirl fête, representing the combat between the Mem.. mac and the Monitor. The Boating Club of Berg, has made arrangements to have its boats came! to Versailles by railway for the occasion. The Bourse, after opening with hesitation, b e . came very firm at the close. Bente rose 20c. for cash and account, closing at 68fr. 10e. au, 68fr. 35c. Mobilier rose Ur. 35c., and the !talo, Loan 20c. The Orleans Railway rose 12fr. 50,. ; Southern, 10fr. ; Lyons, 7fr. 50c. ; Northers, 6fr. 25c. ; Eastern remains unchanged ; and Wester% fell lfr. 25c. Canute Mires, the Court of Cassatior rha •done wors t , is looking up again ; r having now is quoted to-day at 66fr. 25c., whereas it was dun ' at 50fr. last week. THE METROPOLITAN MAIN DRAINAGE, The tour of October the Bth, 1861, having be et so successful, the board were encouraged to repeat it, and therefore, yesterday, on the eve of a storm ] debate upon the Thames Embankment question, they invited the members of both houses to ki t them in viewing portions of the main drainage works. It is not for us to say that in this the board had any other motive than what appeared on the face of their circular letter, viz., a desire to show those large and important works during their progress which can hardly be viewed after completion. About 160 members accepted this invitation, but, in consequence of the bad weather, not more than a hundred attended, and after a short prehminare lecture by Mr. Bazalgette, the whole party startee under a dripping awning on a toddened steam-boat from Westminster to Blackwell, on their way u Old Ford—the centre of the northern main drain age works. The visit of what we may call the members of the three houses—Lords, Commons, and the united parishes—was attended by one Mighty storm overflow from beginning to end. Our legislators, however, when out for a short holiday, are famous for enjoying themselves like schoolboys, and though a few honourable mem bers declined to leave the steamboat at Blackwell, and go on by railway to Old Ford, the majority went boldly through the mud and rain, and were re warded for their trouble. The inspection of that murky Niagara of sewage which now flows down the northern high level sewer seemed to be not at all offensive to those gentlemen who are accustomed to legislate on the banks of our great river sewer at Westminster in hot weather. The candles which the honourable members carried on bits of wood, and the men who stood with little tin ovens full of lights at the sides of the tunnels, gave th e journey the appearance of a mining tuapection. The railway ride across the marshes, in open trucks well tilled with straw, along the side of the works, was novel and pleasant, notwithstanding the heavy rain ; and the reunion under a huge soddened refreshment tent, where the land-water party met the river-water party, was enlivened by a few short toasts. Mr. Tite, the chairman of the day, in the unavoidable absence of Mr. Thwaites, proposed the House of Lords and the House of Commons, which was responded to by Lord Redesdale and Bir Robert Peel. The Metropoli tan Board of Works and Mr. Bazalgette formed the subjects of the other chief toasts, and then the party took boat again for Greenwich. An inspection of part of the southern outfall sewer and of the Dept fcirpumping station by some of the members dosed a very well-spent day, that ought to give new life to useful parochial politica. The whole of these vast drainage works—only half seen by the visitors—are a credit to all concerned in their construction. Mr. Bazalgette, the eogi• neer-in-chief, and his able managing engineers, Mr. Grant on the south side and Mr. Cooper and Mr. Lovick on the north side, have done their work well; and so have the contractors, Mr. Webster, Mr. Aird, and Mr. Furness. Mr. Brassey, we have no doubt, will execute his task—the northern middle level— equally welL Difficulties before mentioned, and the delay in beginning the Thames Embankment, , will prevent Mr. Bazalgette keeping his original promise, and giving us the whole works complete by 1863, but the next year will probably show us the system ready fur action. It may be a bold and wetly experiment—it may even fail to do all that it promises to do in purifying the town portion of the Thames—but every penny spent is sunk in a good cause, and the strictest financial reformer will hardly grumble at the outlay. THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. The moat interesting incidents to be recorded of the Exhibition yesterday were those which were produced by the state of the weather. It rained incessantly all day, and although this did not pre vent the people from coming to Kensington, it made them particularly anxious as to bow they should get away. So general was the feeling that the visitors began to pour out of the building as early as one o'clock, iu the hope that the early bird might clash the cab, as my Lord Dundreery would say. But however early they came into the mar ket they found as usual the demand exceeding the supply, or rather that the dealers were prepared to "hold" as firmly as ever. Formerly a party of four might with a good deal of persuasion prevail on a cabman to take them, but yes terday parties of six or seven seemed to be the minimum, and each vehicle went away so closely packed as to call for the intervention of the Cruelty to Animals Society. The cabmen seen in short to be determined to brave everything. About public opinion they are not sensitive ; they know by experience that the magistrates and the police are powerless, and they believe that a mon und House of Commons has no time to pass an act of parliament which could interfere with their roaring trade. They boast openly that they make each N. a week, besides what they give to their pro prietor, and if they are occasionally brought before the magistrate awl fined, they have a fund which clears all expenses. The impositions that are prac tised on foreigners are incredible, and there is not one of these gentlemen who has not some wondrous tale to tell of the expense of street travelling is London. _ Tho sale of season tickets at the reduced price does not as yet show any very strong symptoms of vitality, but most probably will improve as the dsy of the ceremonial approaches. The following is the official return of the number of visitors yesterday:—B season tickets, 4,903 ; by payment, 5 2,541 ; tota l, 57,244. Itveat. Council' or SURGEONS. The annual election of Fellows into the council of this college took pines yesterday, and excited considerable atteutice, owing to the number of candidates who offered themselves to fig the three 'twenties ocoutoeed by the resignation of Su Becjazom Brodie, the dears of Mr. Stanley (two life mem• ben of the council), and the retirement an the prescribed order of Mr. Cock, of Guy's Hospital, who, however, offered himself for re-eleotion, together with Mr. Turner, of Lae• theater; Mr. John Bishop, of Bereartlstreet ; Mr. Palleft of Leicester ; Mr. Adams, of the Loudon Hospital : aha Mr. Lane, of Bt. Marls Hospital. The polling commenced at two o'clock, mid worn caned on with great spirit until half •put four, when the president announced the election to have fallen on Meows. Cock, of Gu)'s Hospital ; Adams, Of the Loudon Hospital ; and Paget, of Leicester ; the numbers polled for the respective candidates balm u follows :—Mr. Oselt, 126 ; Mr. Admins, 121 ; Mr. Paget, 116 ; Mr. Bishop, 108; Mr. Lane, 48; Mr. Turner, 43. lo the evening the Yellows, to the mintier of about 120, dined together at rtes Albios Tavern. PiXDROKZ DOCK AND TIMMY ILAILWAT.—The engineer mot the directors of this sew lies at the Hallway Hotel, Neylead, Milford Haves, on Wednesday toarrenfo its immediate aosameamomet.