The Express. — London, England, 1846-09-09 00:00:00

R~ Ir~ f i i `~ f I Il f i I i I 0 1 \ Z' S ' • THE NEW EVENING PAPER, " THE ESPRESS."—ROBERT FRABF.R, News-agent and Stationer, No. 8, Harmer-street, Gummed, and 46, High-street, Rochester, begs to inibrm the Inhabitants and visitors of Ot*Tentelli, Rochester, and their eicinities, that he regularly delivers Tim Erma," news paper on the evening ofvance, publication, at the price marked, Ms 3d., if a all mutter is paid in ad 19s. Gd. Also Tim DAILY Nrws," and Morning. Evening, and Weekly Papers supplied o at either shop, at the price marked, wre payment le made in ON"'HYN'S NEWSPAPER OFFICE, Catherine rzat, Strand. Established in 1814.—THE REPRESS, new Reenir.g griper, forwarded to all parts of the country as soon es pub- Med, at 19s. ed. per quarter, paid in advance. EXPRESS.—THOMAS MUDIE Sr SONt beg to Mate that they forward "The Express" by 4- - ,, n i t mail, and, to ensure regukinty in the supply, they prim t L2 address of their customers, when ordered fora quarter or. 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The malls fur Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Yong-Kong, and China, via Suuthosiphui, will be made up on the morning of the 21st loot. The overland closed mails, via .Vorseales, to the Mediterranean, Earypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Bong-Kong, will be made up on the evening of the 24th inst. TO COI /NDENTS. W. mast notice.trainyway.anycorumuL;attioa that Is sent to as sutogymouPly • but those who choose to address u• in confidence will tad their ciafidetee respected. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. Adverthements intended for The Erpress must be at the elticc by Two o'clock on the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tuts Day.-11 ,, rninfr, 7 nun. past 4: Arternoun, 2Y min. part 4. To-roaa.aw.--Moraing, 49 aun. plat 4; Afternoon, It win. part 5. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 9. THE Prince of WALES begins to figure in the newspapers. For a child between four and five years old, he is not "as little Prince as may be," but as great and renowned as may be. When the royal yacht was off Guernsey, his Royal Highness caught an eel, himself holding the rod and line; and when off Jersey, his Royal Highness suddenly appeared on deck, amid the cheering crow, clad in check shirt, blue jacket arid trousers, glazed hat, and neckerchief twisted in that knowing knot which is amongst the mysteries of seamanship. His Royal Highness re paisi the acclamations of the sailors by ordering them a glass of grog all round. His Royal Highness does not, therefore, patronise the Temperance Societies. Now, there is no harm, that we know of, in a child's catching eels instead of tittlebats ; nor in wearing a blue jacket and playing sailor. The bustle which the sailors were allowed or directed to make about it, is rather questionable; and the ordering of extra grog more questionable still. For children under five years of age it is not generally reckoned wholesome training to encourage them to treat their friends with rum and water. But Princes, and above all Princes of Wales, are not subject to ordinary rules. Too little is known of the Royal nursery to discuss the plans or principles by which it is regulated. We are not disposed to be inquisitive. As little do we desire to establish a censorship on the nau tical sports which have made the heir-apparent a juvenile hero of newspaper paragraphs. The vora cious, appetite for knowing all the whereabout of illustrious personages, which is felt by a portion of the public, may as well be gratified by the princely pranks of children as by any other food. There is not less useful knowledge in the one case than in the other. But the education of the future Sovereign of these realms ; and we include in the term education the moral training of his infant years ; is a public concern. If injudicious, the millions may suffer for it. Good or bad, the millions pay for it. The conse quences extend beyond calculation. Nor is there any topic more fairly within the scope of cautionary re mark and respectful criticism by the public press, than the Education of Princes. For the recognized heir to a throne, the best edu cation is as obviously desirable as it is obviously unattainable. With very few exceptions, the greatest monarchs have become so, partly at least, from the fact of not having been edu cated for the throne. Even ALFRED had to take lessons in the adult school of that severe dame, Adversity, before the instruction was complete which turned taerwards to such excellent account. The broad line of demarcation between young royalty and all other young humanity, is an awful difficulty to surmount, especially in the moral training, without which all other education is worthless. It is in the mode of dealing with this difficulty that the pecu liarity of princely education consists ; and its excel lence, in the skill by which the evil is abated to the lowest possible degree. The obvious resource of instilling a deep sense of duty, is net without its dangers. America was lost, and the British Isks almost involved in the horrors of civil war, with the aggravated bitterness of theological animosity, by the conscientiousnessofGEratGE 111. The common blunder of intolerance, that pest of society, is to confound the individual perception of right, with right absolute and universal; and then to resolve that, according to the degree of power, right shall be done. A sense of equality is the social cheek upon this mis chief. But all the bishops in the realm may preach to a royal child the Christian doctrine of human equality, without the chance of obtaining a practical belief. Every hour evinces to him that it is a form or a fallacy. The baby Princess that extended her tiny hand for Mrs. StnnoNs to kiss, had learned that it is a fallacy. The heir to a throne knows that he has no equals, almost by the time he can speak. Every menial teaches him that his will is power. A thousand lessons of Church and C.ate &ism are neutralised by that assumption. In him, the common mode of inculcating moral obligation lacks its needful leverage. You cannot blink the fact, even to very young eyes, that the position is excep tional. But the fact of physical dependence may be made apparent. A child-prince who is taught by obedient sailors the falsity of his commanding and rewarding the crew, might as easily learn the truth of his ina bility to turn the wheel and steer the vessel, or per form the simplest functions of the cabin-boy. The qualities which won popularity for WILLIAM IV., chiefly dated from the time when he was a midship man, with the rules of the service unrelated in his favour. So far as circumstances will allow, we are for no unreality ; why not let a royal child be the child, just the same as other children? The physical dependence of our early years is one of Nature's wholesome provisions, . . . . iron; which no child should be excluded. Help, help from cverbody, is what the child needs. Its natural relation to all, is not that of giver but of receiver. Like dying LEAR, it wants a friendly hand to undo a button, and should fittingly acknowledge the kindness ; " Thank you, sir." It should feel, as is true, that it accepts the gift of food ; and nut, NI ill untrue , that it hestows - a royal donation of grog. Trifling as such matters may seem, nothing is trifling that helps to spoil a child. Interposition is most unwise when it creates artificial machinery, .e ,'1 to counteract but to aid the tendency of untoward circumstances. The absence of any social superiority over regal station, makes it the more desirable to place other forms of superiority in a strong light, and cherish the faculty of reverence to check the supremacy of will. The future sovereign knows that he is destined to have no superior or equal in station. It depends on *lose about him whether he do, or do not know, the equally probable event that he will have many superiors in other things ; in intellectual, artistical, and moral powers and acquirements ; which rank, in just estimation, move royalty. Why mislead him as t o the fwd! 'lot genius is not his servant * . - u cam _ rotlid? Why let it be possible for him tb f ee l that he is not honoured in picking up thP....orush of a greet painter, who has let it fait in the production of creations as much beyond the power of mere royalty as the creation of a planet? Monarchs have often within their realms those before whom it would well become them to stand uncovered. And if the rough and undiscriminating rules of political etiquette for- bid this; if those rules enforce the non-acknowledg ment of the real superiority ; there is no occasion to antedate the necessity. Young Princes are sure to use their eyes in looking down; they should be led to look up, and so preserve the full power of the mental vision. Leave them not in the false impression that there is nothing between a king and the King of kings. There are crowds, not only of the dead but of the living, in that wide and lofty space. Philosophers and bards are there; the patriot hero, the artist, and the philanthropist. The morality of a prince requires, not only the divine revelation of a world to come, but a human revelation of the grand existing world above him. 11l do they rule who have never learned to And now we wish His Royal Highness the. Prince of WALES much success in eel-fishing. About the grog, we will say no more till another time. When next he is taken to ASTLEY'S, may he find that those who " witch the world with noble horsemanship" perform for the enjoyment of other children besides his brother and sisters. And when, after very many years, he succeeds to his royal heritage, may there be more truly great, and much greater men in his king dom than now exist ; and may his reverence for them teach him to make the throne only a loftier altar, on which to offer sacrifice to intellectual and moral grandeur. IN the late Lord METCALFE the country has lost a public servant of more use than show. He will occupy a more prominent position in history, than in the newspapers of the day ; reversing the destiny of many ephemeral notorieties. This is owing partly to the remoteness of the fields to which his services have been confined. The master mind which wears itself oat under the heavy respon sibilities of Indian civil service (for fighting is always attended with noise), is less noted at the time by the mass of mankind than a clever maker of flash speeches on the topic of the day. But in part, too, it ;was owing to the natural and acquired character of the man. Lord .11ETCALFE'9 was that simple, unobtru sive, moral greatness, which most men only come to feel and appreciate when time and frequent calls to reflection have impressed it upon them. There was nothing of incident or adventure about Lord METCALFE'S career. The son of an India Director, he entered the service of the India Company with advantages. To those who have not taken the trouble to look narrowly into the matter, the high posts he was called upon to fill do not necessarily imply more than average talent, with steady perseverance, in one who was a hereditary servant of the Company, the son of one of its most influential members. The im mense capability of continuous labour, the eompre hensi7e and minute knowledge of affairs, the quiet sagacity, the benevolent self-command, the deep and delicate sense of responsibility, which were the cha racteristic features of Lord METCALFE'S mind and the source of his power, can only be adequately conceived by those who had opportunities of observ ing, and sufficient acquaintance with the business he was engaged in, to estimate them rightly. The position of a high class civilian in the Com pany's service, is favourable to the development of the useful rather than the showy talents of the statesman. There is much to be done, and much for which there is no precedent. In India, government is still in the process of being made ; made by European intelli gence for the social wants of Orientals. The men upon whom the chief labour devolves in this arduous undertaking, are remote from their principals, and often thrown upon their own resources. But this want of guidance beforehand does not lessen their responsibility; the whole business of the company has been so admirably systematised, that every act of tho local officers and its results is known at the Board of Control and in Leadenhall-street. Negligence and errors are sure of detection. In Leadenhall-street, the local officer has to deal with men of bwriness thoroughly acquainted with Indian affairs ; at the Board of Control, he has to deal with men who, whenever matters go wrong in India, are sure to be arraigned by political rivals before the most exacting tribunal in the world. The high-class civil Bei:vast in India who would keep his place, must be capable of hard work, and must love it for its own sake. Lord NIETCALFE, with his natural conscientious ness and capacity for continuous labour, trained in such a school, grew up into a character which could have been formed under no other influences. lie combined the finest and noblest characteristics of the Roman prietor or pro-consul, with those of the English gentleman. To him is India indebted in no small degree for its improved financial administration and liberalised mercantile policy ; for encouragement given to secular education and to missionary exertions, combined with due allowance for the peculiar religious views of the community ; and, above all, for a free press. The immense region which was the more immediate scene of the labours of It's best years, already knows Lord METCALFE as he will be known by Englishmen when the history of India in his time is thoroughly opened to them. There, reverence for the statesman is blended with love for the man. During the latter years of his life, Lord METCALFE was exposed to the severe test of being transported to an entirely new and unaccustomed field of action. In India, he had only to govern well. There was no public opinion to conciliate before-hand, no popular legisla tures to be won for his system of policy, and to be made his unconscious instruments. The arts which are indispensable in the English statesman, and in the statesman who wields the destinies of those colo nies which have popular legislatures, he had no oppor tunity of acquiring, when at an advanced period of life he was called upon to assume the reins of government in Jamaica and Canada, at periods of no ordinary diffi culty. In Jamaica he found the Legislative Assembly irritated and indignant at an attempt to supersede its the split between Lord MErcauya and his first Cabi net has always appeared nothing w a re th an a mutual misunderstanding between 7 en who had after all the same ends in view. 13, this as it may : that Lord METCALFE was ab l .'d to keep his ground, was owing entirely to the inherent _goodness and greatness of his persons; Aaracter. He stood alone against the trusted leaders of a dominant popular party. By quietly and firmly advancing on his pre determined course, by promoting all benevolent and educational efforts, by administering public affairs for the ;plural at;taitag„, by perfect command of tem per, of the Cluanatldisiaann-dpeosinprerialyd, he impress e d d w a it m h a tte i co ege nv i i , ct El i m o d n h t t a d t o h n e ly res t ac p te ub d li the e good ir cons in ti v tu ie t w ie. : -. mt There have been few instances of heroism equal to that displayed by Lord METCALFE in this the closing scene of his public life. He was labouring under a painful and incurable disease. He knew that death was approaching, and he knew that the climate was accelerating its approach. Yet while he could be useful, he did not ask for repose; he laboured as assi duously as if a long career were open to his ambition; he was cheerful and urbane, as if he had been in the enjoyment of lusty health. What j)ore him up under such circumstances, was that deep, pervading sense of responsibility, already noticed as the most prominent feature of his character. With nothing exclusive or sectarian about him, Lord kirrcaues principle of action was religion. He looked upon himself as sent into this world to perform a task, and as responsible for his sedulous nnwearying discharge of it. This pervading idea it was which made him labour for the benefit of all men ; which kept him careless of good or bad report so long as he felt himself in the way of duty; which enabled him to toil on cheerily to the last under excruciating agony, and without any hope of ' bringing his begun work to a close. There have been many more acute reasoners than Lord METCALFE, but few characters imbued with such tranquil moral I grandeur. THE practice of burying dead bodies in the midst of large cities can only have resulted from the growth of circumstances not at first contemplated by its originators. To " bury their dead out of their sight," seems to be a first instinct of the human race; and it was very natural that the field of God, " God's acre," as their burying-ground was called, should be attached to the house of God. Our forefathers, how ever, did not contemplate that the church and the church-yard would one day be surrounded by houses, and that in many instances the church-yard would be actually driven under the church. The dead can hardly be said to be removed from our sight, whilst their presence is made disgustingly obvious to our other senses. That such a state of things should be allowed to grow up in civilised communities, can only be attributed to the solemnity with which death is regarded, and the sacredness of all habits and prac tices with regard to it. To bring our Mends near or into the temple which we are in the habit of approaching with religious feelings, seems a thing so consonant with our nature that no one can be surprised at the anxiety shown to effect it. Bat, like many of the habits of man in his primitive or patriarchal state, this custom, in great towns, is entirely incompatible with the health and morals of the community. As a proof, we need but refer to the details of a . . . grand cordon of the Legion of Honour. In the evening a brilliant ball was given by the inhabitants in honour of the Prince. The Madrid journals of the 2nd inst. are monopo lised with discussions pro and con on the approaching Royal nuptials. There appears . to be little or no dif ference of opinion as to the union of the Queen with Don Francisco D'Assis—the only repugnance evinced is said to have been by her Majesty herself; arising, as some say, from her dislike of Don Francisco, and as others assert, from her attachment to his brother, Don Enrique. All the Opposition journals are find ing every vr-j:-:ie reason against the marriage of tile anlPUta • Liiisa with the Due de Montpensier, how ever unobjectionable the young Duke may personally be—and he certainly is amiable, accomplished, ar.d I high spirited. We have already ulverta to the long and serious article in the Espanol referring to the treaty of 1712, which bars the throne of Spain to any branch of the house of Orleans. (By the way, the Government seized the paper of that day, but not so soon as to prevent the publication of many copies.) To this El Heraldohaa made a lengthened reply, the whole of which may be collected from the paragraph which says : " The spirit of this treaty, concluded at a time when the condition of Spain was very different from what it now is, was in order never to unite on one head, the two crowns of France and Spa:it. So as not to disturb the political equili brium, to which in past ages more importance was attached than at the present day." El Tiempo asserts that Narvaez will be nominated President of the Senate. The Madrid correspondents of the various English journals went in a body to call on Mr. Bulwer, to inquire if it was true, as was reported, that he had protested against the marriage of the Infanta with a French Prince. The Ambassador replied that he had not done so. constitutional functions. The embitterment was the greater on account of the fear and exasperation spread through society in the colony, by the great experi- We extract the following from a letter, dated Madrid, Sept. 1 : " The French cabinet never sou ht the handof the Queen for a French Prince, a union which, as has been justly remarked, would have been popular and well received in Spain ; but it laboriously negociated the marriage of the Queen, so as to obtain that of the Duke of Montpensier with her sister, which now appears, not as a proof of the influence, the tendency, and the interests of France, but as a pledge of the power its government intends, leading to a brutal despotism, of flagrant illegality which we are doomed to witness, applauded by M. Bresson and repre sented by General Narvaez. Y ou mus t no t be surprised that the announcement of the marriage of the Infanta with the Duke of Montpensier was so badly received. Under other circumstances, under ether auspices, as the personifica tion of a system of conciliation and legality, the Prince would have been received with open arms. But he is looked upon at present as a pledge given to the existing system, and it is impossible to dispel this fear from the public mind, as the marriage was settled under the influence of the friends of Narvaczf and on the condition that no changes were to occur in the existing state of things. The opposition which has manifested itself is, therefore, great; and to this circumstance may be attributed the attitude taken by the independent portion of the press, on the ques tion of the marriage of the Duke of Montpensier. First of all the progesiata journals who prefer Don Enrique as hus band tor the Infante, formally and conjointly protested against the marriage with the French Prince. Their ex ample was followed by El Espanol and El Tiempo, which opposed the marriage, fearing lest French influence should give weight to the system of reaction, which is death to the representative government in Spain." SCIENTIFIC CONCREBB.—The Scientific Congress of France opened its sittings at Marseilles on the Ist instant, In the morning the members present went to the cathedral, where a grand mass in music was celebrated. Ir. the after noon they assembled in the large concert-room of the Boisse lot. An opening speech was delivered by M. Roux, in which he pointed out the numerous claims which Marseilles pos sessed to the choice which had been made of it for their pre sent scientific meeting; after which M. de Caumont was named president, and MM. de Cussy, Forbin, Janson, Wulfrand, Puget, and Cauviere, vice-presidents of the congress. THE LATE MURDER IN PARIS.—The criminal in vestigation relative to the murder of M. Jay, is concluded. The charge of premeditation has been laid aside. It was from the innocent revelations of his young child that M. Jeune's suspicions were first awakened. M. Jenne and M. Jay are well known to have had friendly dealings together. About two months ago M. Jeune, whose real name is Yug, returned home after an absence of a few hours, and finding a young child alone in his room, questioned him, and asked him had anybody been there in his absence? The boy answered that M. Jay had been, and had had som e conversation with his (the boy's) mother. From that mo ment, the jealousy of M. Jeune was awakened, and he watched so carefully the conduct both of his wife and Jay, that he was not long in arriving at proofs of his dishonour. On the evening of the 18th, he feigned a journey to the country, bat, instead of going, concealed himself in his own house. There, after, waiting some time, he had the oppor tunity of seeing Jay and hearing .the conversation which took place between him and Madame Jeune ; and it was only when he felt certain that crime was actually being committed, that he determined to enter the apartment. As he did so, he fired a pistol at M. Jay, but unsuccessfully. A struggle ensued in which M. Jeune stabbed H. J a y twice, mortally. M. Jenne voluntarily gave himself up, and the declarations of his wife confirmed all that he stated. FATAL ACCIDENT.—A sad event occurred on the evening of the Ist inst., near the Hotel de Ville, at Paris, at a house in the Kue de la Coutellerie. An escape of gas took place in the cellar of M. Rouly, who carries on the business of a wine-merchant. About 8 o'clock he went down into the cellar with a lighted candle, which ignited a large body of gas with a tremendous explosion, which knocked him down. His shopman, who had followed him, gave the alarm, but in trying to assist his master, shared his fate. Several workmen rushed to their assistance, five of whom also fell suffocated. Subsequently the whole of them were removed from the spot. Three of them (including M. Rosily) are dead, and four others are dangerously ill. MADEMOISELLE RACHEL.—After a long negotia tion with the Theatre Francais, Mademoiselle Rachel has given up her journey to Italy. She will spend three months in the country, in the vicinity of Paris, in perfect retire ment, and will then resume her representations. Two young members of her family are, it appears, to be engaged at the Theatre Francais, out of compliment to her. SPAIN.—The Infanta Luisa, the destined bride of the Duke de Montpensier, is stated to be one of the richest partia in Europe. Her father, Ferdinand, left at his death a private fortune of nearly sixteen million piastres to his two daughters, to be equally divided between them. It is pro bable that this sum may have been somewhat reduced during the civil wars which have afflicted Spain, for money has always been found influential throughout their continuance. The fortune of Dona Luisa is, however, estimated at from 24 to 2.5 millions of franca, or a million sterling; and to this must be added an allowance of three millions of reale, which she receives from the State, though this amount would be cut down if Queen Isabella were to have au heir to the crown. disgusting incident which we gave in our police in telligence two days ago, and to which further allusion is made to-day. It appears in the midst of our thickly populated metropolis, in some burying-grounds where the space allotted for the purpose is small, and more especially where vaults under the floor of the church are used, that the bodies accumulate so rapidly as to render it necessary at times to get rid of the old tenants to allow room for new corners. Whatever may have been the motives which had dictated this practice in the case of St. Matthew's, Friday-street, Cheapside, it would seem to have been done with an indecency so great, and in a manner so reckless of the feelings of others, as to call for the severest reprehension. That the sanctity of the tomb should be thus invaded, the remains of the dead ex posed to be trodden under foot by the destitute crea tures who gain a livelihood by picking over heaps of refuse, and coffins chopped up and used as fuel, is a thing so shocking, that we hope it will at once call public attention to a system which seems necessarily connected with these evils. It should be remembered that this case is not a solitary instance, and that to a greater or less extent the same thing is taking place in every thickly tenanted grave-yard in the metropolis. Bury as you will and where you will, the body must decompose, and allow of the escape of effluvia injurious to health just in proportion to the amount of their dilution with pure air. Burying-places in the country, where there is plenty of space and ventilation, have their noxious gasses so diluted as to be scarcely felt ; whilst those in towns have them so concentrated, as to lead to the most disastrous effects. Grave yards in towns are also necessarily confined as to space ; and long before the natural period of the decay of the previously buried bodies, the ground is wanted for fresh ones. Thus graves are constantly opened; and an exhibition of the disgusting scene now under enquiry, is daily going on, on a small scale, in every churchyard of the metropolis. Let any one visit these public grave-yards, let him go to the one in Portugal-street, or to that of St. Sepulchre's, abutting into one of the largest thoroughfares of the metro polis, and he may not take up a handful of the soil without grasping the visible remains of human bodies. Teeth, small bones, and portions of large bones (large entire bones being buried again for the sake of appearance), attesting the amount of spoliation of the grave, are everywhere strewn around. Setting aside altogether the question of public health involved in these intra-mural cemeteries, there can be but one opinion as to its influenceon the mind. Those who are accustomed to such scenes of desecration must have their moral feelings blunted ; and all whose pecuniary interests would lead them to defend the system as innocuous and free from objection, ought, for the sake of the community, to have such a tempta tion to tamper with their higher and better feelings meat of negro emancipation. Lord BIETCALFE'S firmness, cordiality, and sincerity, re-established con fidence, and restored public business to its wonted peaceable channels. DON ENRIQUE.—A letter from Brussels, of the sth Ttember, states, that the Infante Don Enrique left Ostend for Ghent on Saturday morning. The Prince was accom panied by M. Calvet, his side-de-camp. The Sentinelle des l'greneas of the 4th inst., announces that the Spanish Govern ment had sent positive orders to the Infante Don Enrique to return to Spain. The Prince replied that he would obey the order the moment he received satisfaction for the insulting manner in which he had been exiled. No decision had yet been adopted on the subject by the Cabinet. ITALY.—FCRTHER REFORMS IN THE ROMAN STATES.—Hie Eminence Cardinal Gizzi has addressed a circular, dated Rome, August 24, to the governors of the provinces of the Roman States, calling on them to adopt measures calculated to improve the religions and temporal condition of the poorer classes. The document states that the Pope beholds with the utmost pain the quarrel., thefts, and other misdemeanour constantly recurring throughout th.i Pontifical States; that the chief causes of this state of society must be found in the idle lifewhich the younger por tion of the population are accustomed to lead, and in a want of proper instri.ction to prepare them for gaining an honest living by their industry. His Holiness in conse quence states, that in addition to his wish to see education and habits of industry generally dissemi nated throughout his dominions, he proposes founding without delay an establishment at Rome for the education of a certain number of boys belonging to the working classes throughout the states, so that they might be in the first place removed from the spot where they were likely to con tract bad habits, and, in the next, might form a nucleus of well-instructed non-commissioned officers, calculated to suffice for the army required by the state. His Holiness calls on the governors to apply to all persons under their jurisdiction, particularly the bishops, municipal magistrates, and provincial councillors, for suggestions to forward this scheme, and to indicate the best mode of raising the funds necessary for carrying it into execution. The circular, in conclusion, calls on the governors to avoid mere theoretical recommendations, and to confine themselves as much as possible to practical matters. TURIN.—In a few years (writes a correspondent to the Athentruni)—five at the utmost—the railway will be completed from Genoa to Turin; and another is contem plated to Lyons. A clever Belgian engineer has made surreys, and declares that a tunnel seven English miles in length will pierce Mont Cenis,—and that the engineering difficulties are by no means insurmountable . Such a tunnel,- if ever completed, will surely be one of the world's greatest wonders! The principal streets and shops in Turin are now lighted at night by gas made from Newcastle coal! The latter is shipped to Genoa; and costs, including carriage to Turin, 31. 3s. 2d. a toa. At the beginning of October next, the whole city will be illuminated by gas. How the priests, —who swarm here,—like these innovations, I know not: — but, as the railway whistle will ere long be heard at the doors of the Vatican, they are, I presume, reconciled to the changes. The celebrated armoury here—formed principally from the collections in Genoa—has been lately enriched with several beautiful and rare suits of armour. The catalogue now contains upwards of 8,000 objects; comprising every species of offensive and defensive weapon used during the middle ages. There is a shield worked by Benveunto Cellini, which would make the fortune of a Wardour-street curiosity vender. It is wonderful, indeed, in its workman- at once removed. No the clergy of the Church, nor no narrow - minded sec tarianism, should have force to prevent a speedy removal of this unhealthy and disgusting practice. on the part of We have received with our private correspondence the Paris journals of Monday. Great preparations are making at the Tuileries for the departure of the Duke de Montpensier for Madrid, where he will be accompanied by the Due de Nemours. The Duke de Montpensier is expected at the end of the week from Strasburg, and the two French Princes will Paris for Madrid on the 18th inst. M. Guizot, who intended to leave Paris immediately after the close of the session for his country seat, will remain until all the arrangements for the Duke de Montpensier's marriage are completed. No official communication has been ereceived at the Foreign Office in Paris from the English Cabinet on the sub ject since the resolution of the Spanish Ministry has been notified. According to the latest news received in Paris by express, the hostility of the Spanish press to the Duke de Montpensier's marriage aypftrs to have a little subsided. The majority in its favour is expected to be very large in the Cortes. The Parrs and provincial papers continue to record fresh incendiary tires daily. The Rilonne states that Beranger is at present seriously indisposed. M. Odilon Barret will shortly leave Paris for Alex andria on a visit to his brother, the French Consul- General there. The honourable deputy intends to visit Syria, Greece, and Constantinople, and will be absent about three months. In Canada he was less successful. The Jamaica public had only experienced a transient alarm for the security of constitutional rights which they had exer cised for centuries; that alarm dispelled, the accus tomed constitutional system worked smoothly. The Canadians were, almost for the first time, exercising constitutional rights which had long been withheld from them. They were most of them theoretical politi cians ; perhaps rather pedantic, like all theorists ; and in their justifiable elation at a recent victory, a little overweening and exacting. In India, Lord Mirresum had been accustomed to do everything Prince Frederick of Baden arrived on the 3rd inst. at Strasburg, on a visit to the Prince of Montpensier. A grand review was held in honour of his arrival. Prince Frederick conferred the order of Fidelity of Baden on the Duke de Montpensier, who presented to him in the name of the King of the French the himself ; in Canada, his ministers insisted upoii doing everything. We will not take upon us _ . _ to say which party was most in fault ; bui to us, \ i I* . ' 7! t - 1, -1 1 THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY' EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1840. ship! A camp, containing 40,000 men, has been formed about 12 miles from Turin, and reviews on an extensive scale will continue during the whole of the present month. BELGIUM.—IIIE CAMP OF BEVERLOO.—BRUSSELS, Sane. 6.—A1l the troops which are to take part in the manceuvres of 1846, have arrived at the camp of Beverloo. On Sunday last they were reviewed by General Baron Chau], Commander-in-Chief. The appearance of the troops was magnificent, and their evolutions were executed with the utmost precision. IMPROVED RATE OF TRAVELLING.—The first night train, which left Brussels at half-past six on the evening of the let of September, arrived at Paris, without stopping, before half-past seven on the morning of the 2nd of Sep tember—that is to say, in less than thirteen hours. The night train. which left rzisi rat seven reeina: last nigbl., arrives; this . MOrn'ing 4— ..centy minutes past nine at the Brussels ttation, with about the same number of passengers ae the day train. The journey was performed with great regularity and ease. GERMANY. GREAT FIRE AT LEIPSIC. The Courrier Beige of the sth contains an account of the late fire at Leirrie, which broke out on the evening of the 29th ult. at the Hotel de Pologne, and which continued to rage during the whole night. The fire broke out in the cellar of the,HOtel de Pologne, and the event was soon announced to the city by the alarm bell. About ten o'clock the flames had already committed great ravages, and rising to a considerable height illuminated the whole city. At six o'clock in the morning of the 30th the conflagration was still violent. The Hate] de Pologne forms part of an extensive range of buildings situated in the centre of the city, and is one of the richest quarters of Leipsic ; the greater part of these buildings have been destroyed by the flames. The fire being pent up between the high walls of these buildings, propagated itself with so much rapidity that it was with great difficulty subdued, on account of the position of the neighbouring buildings. Immense volumes of flame rose from the centre of' this mass of buildings, like the eruption of a volcano. Several serious accidents took place. A cor respondent of the Gazette de Cologne states that three per sons lost their lives by the falling of a roof, and that five or six others were seriously wounded. Another correspondent of the same journal states the number of killed at seven, and of wounded at forty-three; but the Gazette Unirerselle Allemande, which is published at Leipsic, officially announces the number of killed at five, and wounded at nine. This journal further says that at eleven o'clock a.m., on the 30th, the fire was entirely subdued, and that it was not till then that the alarm bell ceased to sound. Thus the flames continued to rage without intermission for 16 hours. The losses sustained by this disaster are very con siderable ' • the Hotel do Pologne, which h as b een comp l ete l y destroyed, is estimated at a value of 6,000,000 francs. A. correspondent of the Journal de Frattrfort says, that if the wind had been stronger, the city of Leipsic would have pre sented a second edition of the conflagration of Hamburg. The Governor of Lcipsic had unfortunately left the city on the morning of the 29th to go into cantonments, but the troops came by train, and arrived at midnight to assist the inhabitants, who were greatly fatigued, in the work of sav ing the city. The Gazette Iltuverselle Allemande states that the fire originated in the store filled with oil of turpen tine vitriol, and other in fl ammabl e ms t er i a l s. &Unit:NISH IN GERMANY.—Paragraph second of the resolutions of the diet of the sth July, 1832, is as follows : " All political associations, or which have apolitical tendency, are prohibited in all the states of the confedera tion, and the authors and abettors of such are liable to be prosecuted." By a new clause of the 6th August of the present year, the above paragraph has received additional power. It has been decided that all communist associations are to be comprised in paragraph two, and the leaders, abettors, and accomplices of such associations, as regards treasonable projects, are liable to the punishment awarded fur high treason, according to the laws of the country. DENMARE.—COPENHAGEN, Aug. 31.—8' an cw donnence of the King, given at Wyk, in the Island of Rehr, dated August 22, and which has just been made public, his Majesty has deprived five members of the nobility of the Duchy of Holstein, from a personal vote at the Diet of that Duchy. The nobles are Count Bulow, Privy Councillor • Count Bulow do Rothcamp, Pre sident of the donvent of nobles of Itzehie ; Count Frederick de Roventlow de Wottemberg, Prevost of the Convent of Nobles of Preetx ; Count Theodore de Roventlow de Jersbeck, Chamberlain and Prevost of the Convei.t. of Nobles of St. John, at Schles ig ; and Count Ernest de RovenUow, Chamberlain and Prevost of the Convent of Nobles at Kiel. These five nobles are regarded as the leaders of the German faction in the duchies, which is natural enough, as they are sprung from families of German origin, the chief of which were ennobled by the Emperors of tke ancient Holy Empire. HOLSTEIN, SEPT. I.—The Weser Gazelle has the following :—" The King of Denmark received at Wyk, in the Wend of Fiehr, a letter from the Emperor of Russia, in which the Czar declares his readiness not only to renounce all claim of eventual succession as agent of the house of Denmark, but to engage the Grand Duke of Oldenburg to withdraw his protest against the letter patent, on condition that the King of Denmark would energetically and imme diately.oppose any existing o r f u t ure revo l utionary move ments is the duchies." worthy to be placed beside those of the quity.—l have the honor to be, Sir, your St. James's-place, Sept. 4. DUD MADEIRA, AUGUST 17.—RELIGIOI The religious agitation which has been island for some years, hail at length led the most serious outrages on British pert On Sunday, August 2, a body of Portugu assembled for religious purposes in tt Rutherford, a crowd collected, and dei countrymen (the Calvinistas) should be This, of course, was refused; the mob position, and at length, at 11 o'clock at IA house, searched it thoroughly, a", b countrymen in the kitchen, s],, oienti . u this moment the 1 ^ 'llee and S o ldiery lipp dispersed tne riotbrs, taking seven custody. These men were, however, confinement the next morning, on no one had appeared to make a comp] During the following week it became that more serious attacks on Brititli resit tated ; and on Sunday, August 9, at mid lected round Dr. Kalley's house. The miniotrador do coneilho, and the British c spot with a guard of soldiers, but no i to have been offered to the entrance of having searched the house in vain fox ceeded to burn and destroy his books, &e. Dr. Kelley, who had been much a previous night by various occurrences, 1 at three, a.m., and was, during the early turbancee, concealed in the house of a fi arrival of the Royal mail steamer in the disguised as a female. The mob having threatened to search the British consulate, this on the consul consenting to go off in head, and show them that Dr. Kelley wai the steamer. That gentleman was shi family, and proceeded in the ship to the \V, rous other British families bare hOen Misses Rutherford, Dr. Miler, and Mr. families, are living on board a British vet consul hsving declined to answer for their own house. Mr. Dyster and Mrs. Freema living at the consulate. A letter numerous] presented to the consul, requesting him to. man-of-war to protect British kiersons as island during the present state of anarchy a lemmas of the local government.—Staudao SWITZERLAND. BERNE, AUGUST 31.—Switzer land presents a curious spectacle at the present moment. The federal camp at Thun, which it was feared would give rise to contentions, and which was on the point of being postponed, has been held amidst perfect harmony between the troops of the different cantons, whilst but a few leagues distant, at Zurich, the deputies to the diet carry on their deliberations amidst noi•e and anger, and make use of lan. gunge, verging at times into personal abuse, unworthy of the simple and noble bearing of republican represeutatives. Question upon question is brought forward, and none has been decided. The question of the Jesuits, of the convents, of the amnesty, were obliged to be thrown up for want of a majority; even in the nomination of general officers, it was found necessary to have recourse to drawing lots, as it was found impossible to procure any result by ballot. The most important event which has recently taken place in Switzerland is the establishment of the constitution of the new government of Berne. This canton has given proofs of late of a firm will and moderation, which is greatly to its honour, not having retrograded in the line it entered upon. The grand council consists chiefly of men firmly devoted to the new order of things, and has just nominated the execu tive power, in which is comprised the staff of the free corps. Among others, M. Ochsenbein, who will preside at the coming diet, which consists of the same members as thew who expelled him from the federal staff. He will also preside over the federal council of war, which has been appointed to carry into execution the decrees of the diet. It is not, however, to be concluded from this that the new government of Berne will give the signal for a revision of the federal convention. It is, however, to be hoped that, by its endeavours, the confederation will be strengthened in its foundations. PRINCE CZARTORTSKI AND THE AUSTRIAN Go , ERNMENT.—Sir: My attention has just been called to a statement in the Express of the 2nd inst., on the audio , rity of a Vienna letter, published by the Frankfort journal, I to the effect, that the sequestration which had been laid on the property of the Prince's Czartoryski in Galicia had, in consequence of an august mediation, been withdrawn ' • but that the Prince, her husband, was to si gn an engagement not to interfere henceforth in Polish affairs. It is easy to believe that there may be persons at Vienna interested in propagat ing such a report, which may have the double effect, first, of inducing once more a belief in the paternal mildness of the Austrian Government and in its desire to recal a measure violent, indeed, but apparently justified by extraordinary circumstances : and next, of throwing on the Prince himself and his obstinacy, the blame of the continuance of a rigour imposed on Austria by the necessity of self-defence. As such a report, appearing [in a paper like the Express may obtain credence among persons not acquainted with the l'rinee's life and character, and as it will, no doubt, be eagerly seized on by his enemies, I am anxious to t a k e the earliest opportunity of decaring my conviction, that no such proposal as that mentioned would for a moment be entertained by the Prince, even if the Austrian government were mean enough to make it. There has been no time for me to communicate with the Prince since read ing the article, but my knowledge of his sentiments enables me to speak on the subject with the same certainty se if I had received his instructions. Those, indeed, cm know but little of him who can suppose for a moment that he would dose, by the barter of his conscience for estates small in comparison to those he has already surrendered at the call of duty, a life spent in the service of his country, and made up of sacrifices in her cause. It is no doubt remembered by those governments, whose object is to destroy Poland as a nation, and it ought to be remembered by the world, that it was by " interference in Polish affairs," of a nature similar to that which he now employs, that the Prince, at a time when, as now, his country was without any regular repre sentative or national government, succeeded, by his influ ence his talents, and his indomitable perseverance, in Making the voice of justice heard by the victors at the Congress of Vienna. The concessions in favour of Poland, in her divided state, which, in 1815, he contrived to extort from the rapacity of some and the indif ference of others are a monument of glory to him. They fall far short of his wishes, but they only exhibit in a stronger light his sagacity, his pra c tical wisdom, and his appreciation ,of rights, incomplete indeed, but at least placed under the I guarantee of Europe. It was not by him that the arrange ments thus made were overthrown. For fifteen years they have been set at nought by the three powers of the north, and, with culpable carelessness, forgotten by the ether par ties to the treaty. The Poles, however, have other rights, of which the treaty, which was not ma d e w i t h them , could never deprive them—the right of recovering their political independence. This they could only lose by voluntarily abandoning it. But, on the contrary, they cherish the hope of its re-establishment. They have with them the wishes of all good men ; and Austria must feel that they have, in the name, the talents, the character of Prince Adam Czartoryski, a tower of strength. No wonder, then, that s h e should be de sirous ofextorting from him the species of renunciation al r e a dy mentioned. As to the Prince's giving in to a proposal as un worthy of him as of the august personage whose inter cession, according to the Frankfort journal, has led to the intended clemency of Austria, it mutt be regarded as wholly out of the question by all those having any kn ow l e d ge of his character. This conviction, no doubt, possessed the mind of Lord Lansdowne when, in reply to some inquiries addressed to him in July in the Howe of Lords by Lord Brougham on the subject of the Princess's sequestrated estates, the noble marquis, after expressing his con fi dence in the d isposition of the Austrian government to leniency, added, " that he was sure that leniency would be unaccompanied by any condi tion which it would be unbecoming either to the character or honor of the individuals to accept." The idea of the Prince entering into any engagement of the sort would not, indeed, be entertained by any person not wholly ignorant of the history of his life ; a life furnishing such an example of pure and disinterested patriotism, as will cause his name to go down to posterity as an ornament of the present age, and as SAN JUAN DE I.ILLO) On the termination of the war v after the miserable remains of their gi sent off to Havannab, I went with two co] Castle of San Juan de I.lloa. It is a tree at all well manned. No wonder it had h Had it not been for the raging of the Mori walls, and the want of provisions, the Moll have taken it without a naval force very su they then possessed, though they have net force comparable to that one. The outer walls of this fortress are of h —upwards of twelve feet ; and in the positi the walls are seventeen or eighteen feet ] white stone. It is a very porous and rah that balls do not split or crack it so much themselves. These outer walla have bats the guns were well planted, with here and ] ner for a mortar. The inner walls are so a the outer wells are gained it would still be expense to the besiegers, if the garrison wee to avail themselves of their position. We entered the fortrzss from below at tt which was of great strength, and very ski and then went along a stone passage, wt gateways, and " cunningly devised" nan high stone walls on each sale. This was canal, or moat, with a drawbridge over i rived at flights of stairs, and passing up s ascents, we gained the top of the grand general characteristic is that of great strengt room to work in. They mounted 120 long of brass. They were, for the most part, in tion. The mortars were of large calibre, th good order as the guns. The powder magi literally a dry stone well, plugged at the to and having a round metal lid over the mo upon the batteries. We next descended to the inner works, secondary walls by a circuitous route. cawity to the besiegers of having guides every turn of the works, the excitement almost certuia to produce a confusion, in wh presence of th , i guides would be lost, and t onward might only arrive at a dead wall, a upon the sea, or the mouth of a twenty-fou circuitous route of our descent from the up range of walls, was entirely exposed to the guns grinning at us all the way, like so ma as we traversed stone causeways and narrow regiments might here be raked down, arts quered the outer walls. But the chant numerous; and one imperfection in the gi otherwise perfect) may render it inapplicat ridiculous. On an iving at these inner bit the guns in a wretched condition. They than a Chinese effect, "calculated" to strik , mind. But one may imagine how very • architect of this formidable castle would have have seen his excellent arrangements fur the certain destruction of the assailants thus rem We now descended a very wide and steep stain, which led us down into the grand a little town, as one might almost call it. W e bottom through stone gate-ways (the archi missed an opportunity for giving the besiege retreating, and time to rally), and then foun large open square, enclosed on all sides by T the lower part of which displayed doors and barracks, guard-houses, and shops of various 1 ofsuch articles as a garrison would need. The C is at the further end. It was agenuine soldier very bare of all ornament, except those of war, f all over with the marks of shot and shell. it balcony, intended to serve both as a protection ing sun, and from the fall of missiles, was i torn in long gaps. All the towers and buildi vation had also been knocked about and delay and shells from Vera Cruz, previous to tae su castle. Butthe mutilationsand destruction did affect the strength of the place. Very . few o been dislodged ; even the ou t er batteries were as to render them ineffective, with the except ruins in one or two places. There 4 about a of sea running between San Juan dc Ulloa, ai Vera Cruz. How strongly and skilfully this fortress is p the reader has now some idea; but San Juan de protected by nature; for, while the defences have briefly described are chiefly devoted to angle facing the town, those angles which ocean on the opposite side, or back of the c tected by long successions of rocky reefs, utter approach of any vessel; of war. Many blac wrecks, visible even at high water, attested solar " terrors of the place." But in these drys i understood by all military men that no place is and that thorough soldiers, well officered and will, and do, take any place. At what cost, question. The thing can be done.—From a f THE RIVER PLATE. The following official despatches from II Inglefield, in the River Plate, were published Gazette:— Vernon, off Monte 81r,—It affords me the utmost satisfaction to ham to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords C the Admiralty, that, by the arrival of her Majest; Alecto from the Parana yesterday evening, f learned t convening of 110 vessels of all 151Zell, had passed the 1 at Saint Lorenzo, by General Boras, to obstruct the that river, and had arrived in /safety at Obligado, vi of the British barque C'airdomer, and two Monte which, having grounded opposite the batteries, wei burnt by our people to prevent their falling into th Buenos Ayreaua. Captain Hotham's anxiety tc tins information to me, appears to have preven sending me by this opportunity an official report lion, which cannot fail - to reflect great credit ups part in it ; soon, however, as I receive his report, it for their Lordships' information, In the meantime, tion that the English and French steam-veriaels were boors engaged with the hatterica of St. Lorena°, and all a vessel of the convoy roenped being bit, vet must per a single casualty occurred un this uccasicii on board eels. lam sorry, however, to add, that the satisfactio the foregoing part of my letter is not unmixed with g the loss of life on hoard the Lizard, on her passage u the particulars of which their lordships will be tnfor companjing copy of a letter from Captain Hotham, en from her Majesty'. steam-vessels Aketo, Ilezrpy, a their p aatia ge s from Monte Video to the Bajada of Sant manders of which vessels appear to have sated, wbi batteries, with great judgmentand try.—l have, (tlignei ) 8. IL Isom Bear-Admiral and Comm ILM.S. Gorgon, San Lore Sir,—l have the honour to transmit official repo manger Austen, of her Majesty's steam sloop .11er 14%7 i ti. of her Majesty's sloop Lizard, and Lie:den:ad s sloop Harpy, accompanied by a list of damai spective vessels. It is my duty to bring the good coo several officers in their engagements with the hadn't renzo to your notice. The Alert° was especially placed advantage i her Progress was retarded by towing three vessels against a current of three knots, and a head I exposed to the fire of seven or eight guns during an ho and unable from the height of the cliff to make much return. The two little iron vessels, Lizard and Harpy, from their light draught of water, to run close under I thus moped many of the shots intended for them ; the hulls, and the list of killed and wounded, prove that, no the precaution of their commanders, they suffered mu officers deserve credit for the able way in which their handle .—I have, are., (Signed) CHARLES liormi "11. M. Steam Sloop "Cerro, River Para Sir,—ln obedience to your orders, I have the honor you, for the information of the Commander-in-Chief, afternoon of Monday, the 6th imi., whilst passing up In Majesty's steam sloop under my command, with three tow, I observed the enemy aseembled in force in the I erected on the heights of pan Lorerots. At twenty rain I commenced firing shell and rockets, with a view to di At half-post two the enemy opened a fire with round and masked Id-pounder, placed on the edge of the cliff, whit diately followed by the root of the enemy's gum, seven of them apparently long 18-pounders. The tire of tho quickly returned from her Majesty's sloop under my co shot and shell. In consequence of the current, and wind blowing, our progress past the batteries was ver bling the enemy to keep up a smart, and, at first, a well with grape and round shot, for an hour and ten minutes, w range. Her Majesty's steam sloop was struck by eight In her hull, beams by numerous grape, but I um happy on this OCCOMOI2, we had not a man hurt. The schooners likewise fired into by the enemy, and were hulled in I am unable to state what damage the enemy sustained I have the honour to inform you, that, in owning Tone on the 10th of February last, we were engaged in her Mal sloop dleeto with the enemy's batteries, and bad five men