The Express. — London, England, 1849-09-05 00:00:00

woe re ed. the gory et .an. Ad. WOO. el& 4.15. to 4Y. ; aeir di. to *ft lefty, am ens. to peer sig. 335. to Vie. Pr , ,noto N. Oen lea. to 32a. nalsnoz. Sept. 3. —Oar attoodssaa at Mb dara faatlot mu Or at b6P, wo bed ions erten to IS. so= Were, et the ROW SI% Wes paraledy. Oar MN Vallig, tbe bni samples yap roily • soar a air gala Nraingirni. Sept. 4.—At M* &VI imokat wo bad a tair now st ow Wirt, ed ao r or pod eiritka se nit eles; • slow sale vas oapenund at a dull* of to pc qr. Natilos doloi orb eon We bone Ind aOw byt ea So sir tbe la weary s is Idgbly knandis bran. Wirt, rite. Ma. ted, lea. le Ob. prep. NIM.L. Sopa 4.-Blan tho above art meat of imports tar Baia to. S. rare eardindie =foal. sliolly d @vim arra rib No nobs& sr Yell ingelled. Durgin wok, lab lea Yea Ibis of kr bore or ins law re. =lns MOM on by the ad el no or • hop et gra will be biand. The trade bee nin viry rdi dip= Oa leek, ind writ sr Ire boa renal • Nor raloolea maestlon beat surinel Se; at andi • re or are Or Or. Owing le tea reset b it so pool. its,, yr bet : 1 = anerreos et b..... .d a onsolusat stow el add Mom, mid at adllara onothaindiat a &Mae la laff/A-laaa van tree by... lot wait% pre. I. kola Wir eat little rap =8 we bed were reiry fte. Merl Nam. Nose of raw WOO woe inbred, pry Ni pr rally re, er errs poi, bat reports are rearabis to ear pebole T4L aim Ifte Seal ferny cs tea sue ir bat orters w z= paid tango eat earned pod dear near griniky We woe me arr Is a Urn& bet ear nor is , .at ger ore or to buy. No tramenarlingnead, int stood err lerCaborini anseuce. Sr par grip • —Mr.. Eager ree, les. is Ole.; rot, tes. to Oa.; Mar rd Lea rp 46. le ; Perennio sad Masakarg, Ma to ; Moak Hob.. sad Torn& Os. to Ns.; Ilantra art Odom, Ma to Ma Oat.. toVilds, 14s. to 17s. ; Drib, l7a le Ik.; b& Indolor lea. le ley area ant Oar* 140. to Ma. Mani na Ma to 204. ; Ma. to Ma Neer 235. to lioviaid enek la ton Pots wit* sal ydbw, 275. te Us. 235. to We. Mak So, Os. lel. Probarg. On to its; Avery" us. b gle.; loorton 31s. le in. a d ltre. ma. ILA .18e. he_ifip. eq. I 56.• kikeer liner O. liageser ISt. to Nis. Ire non leo. ea. is.., emir In le In rote. IL to $1.10.. litoollea ei by IW, Y. O. A.S.~ tree 7 3 11.74 1 5 1. t5 i Beer. 1111 pa s g lee. 0 3 i1 1t3 p• sa Taies ti.a ; Der le tor _ _ Irowtot, &pt. 4.—We bad a fair supply of Witold to day, caulating principany of new, and Main noel In quality. The best perab were taus et at a rehoties of fa per qr.; otter idols assiected. Of spring cern Uwe ware wry ism napes cared *sr mie. sad price remise maltase& Laing, Samuel' 4. The arrivals of wheat this week see Knell, but several week have mashed Gods be. the Bake wi , b this ands; the show he, therein, pod fir Ude dare marlin There le mho a fair quantity of new per rails. The trade weatiams sold, sad prism of wheat ere Is. to Is. per or. lower dm La week. New noise Yon its relative alas, bat the quaint he mot valkimitly great to pa quotation sorarately. L mid staillag raker lower. Deans and other alleles steady. LZIORTOR BVZZAID, Sept. 4 —There was rather al emend apply el What offering to day, but it could seemly be boson lowa. then last wee. Igo new m elting Raley oat m present la grading line doing, and Its vein rersidne unaltered. Ikea and leas about the game. Wheat, per load of 3 bushels, 23e. to 2Ba Pd. Baden eri Miss. bushels. 235. to Ns. per imp. qr. Beans, 21s. to 211 e. 20a to dd. per 3 Limns, Sept. 4.—The supply of now Wheat to-day was soderate, whin foetid borers ate decline of Is. to 2s. per gr. from Ws day semlottt. The old that still MA'AM on hand meta with little attains. Inky, Oats, Beene, and per remain unaltered in aloe. ON whits Wheat, 11. to IN.; red, If. to 91.; new white, 111. to 111. 15..; red, 101. to 100. 3e. Barley. griedlog, 21s. to trs. Otto, 17e. to IS.. lean, 30.. to SU. Pew The. to 235. LZTIIPOOL, Ether. 4 -There is • little increase this week la the supplies of oats, flour, and oatmeal derived from Ireland, seed several parals were hens the new crop. Prom foreign ports we have reoelved • three quantity of lour end Indian cora, and hie of wheat, but of other article, the arrivals ere trivisi. Ibe mode throughout the week Ms been mry Wadies, and purchases have been Meted cc easier tarns. Some heavy rein has Wien within the week, and he. retarded the carting of the pain armee la the vicinity ; chipweerely all eat down. The shat at tile ermines mad* was Ms, and the *tent of budnees was limited. Wbwt was tthes at Prclay's which were about M. per tnehelemdmthos t rartil geg t . P ar was dull, and Id. pee barrel sad I. per seek : ewe or two parcels of Irish new lour were mid at 34. per ISO it = the quality being very superior. Oats mowed slowly; sass Ira mew kthbdried sell at Is. 04, and ambled et Is, 3d. to 11.40. per Al Os. Baxley, beans. end peas were each dull. Lam corn to et* hall pretty firmly, but the demand is mall, and the article was ammidered El. per qr. lower than hist Tuesday. The Ithiowing are the Prime: Wheat, per nibs.. Firthilah, rad, Ise 101. to Os. ed.; new, la Y.* 74.; white, es. 3d. to 66 Od.; new, Oa. 7d. to N. 10d. kW red, 36 to le. ; sew, 5.. 3d. tot. ; I. lid.; Inds. OIL ; new, 61. Od. lo Id. !Lasky, pre qr., Desk Mx to Clasher, 31s. to 33a ; Sea* and Irish, per 6011 m, fa. Od. to id. Mak Pm qr., Emilia, pale, 3.1.. to 30s. Oath per 13ibe., English and ask* aid, 3661 le USA; Welsh, old, Sr. Al. tots. 3d. ; Ma, Ate .man. ale. IL GC to ge. 7d.; new, b. Id. be is, 7d.; general, di, !AL to b. ed.: new, to. to Ts. ed.; per qr., ltr ellsb, aid, 34e. to eke mew, eft to We.: flesedi am = bleb, per pas.,old, SU 01 lea.• mew Ms. to 31s. Pe* pet qr., English, w its. to 341 n; frith, Fey, Mc to Ms. Thew per bulbs., Ilegliee eel Irish, ithrie, Ithe. to Mi. &IL ; erapalne, 3.24.' 61 Me. Od.; extra, No. OA to 36e. OIL Drawl, per load of 11Nby kirk HMO, Ms. to 13s. Od4 gild, lta, he Me. OL ; sid, IS.. 01 Ile. ed. Bee* per MU. 501 he S IR : AnMissL Oman* par 701 h ,, rah la. to O&M.; 61.tods. ; Veiled Meter. red* NlL** width Oa. IL* Id. NM.; Dish*, sank and red, i 3.101 ; : mixed, le. to 7s. M.; Lower Bahia and lleakas, red, Oa toes. 3d. ; whew, ea, ed. to O. Id.; hip end Petertharg, red, es. M. to x ed. ; Arelempl, Mg& Se 3a 01.; Ober, ILK** lid. ; Zafthis, le. 3d. **Ai.; Pis* lipeedeli, tad IMmth red, 36.101 to Galt; widte,ga. ILI. Shed.; !.rest and Marientheii, red, 56. Id. le IL el; lime" 3s. 1011. to es. 61. p lleditinmeem, In., bard, ea. IL is 4e. Md. Rye, per we, faith. lbs., We. to Ma. barley. per I*. *IL IL Oats, per 4501., OIL to es. rd,; =th enalt hrt b. el. bib. M. limaia per .741aLopeaa, AM teal.; per MA Id. 23L d. pet Bak* ies. es 31..; Iles. to 27e. pm bet. 111411., easel, ed.; nth Wiebenklanal. mesh OM es ; hi. be Me. 01. ; Phladelpida eel Dealhatee, ewe*. tea. ed.* VA mid Canadian, mew, Ma. (IL to Mu feel. ban Cam Ames" wid t h Vs. to 211th ; M. be 301.; maw, t 3. 01 Ilea. ith ladles Omni Meal, De lAEA, N. dd. to lie. Arrivals Into Uwe** fram the nu Aiwa 01 the hid et Mph ineturiee Wirth 5, 663 gre.• Deriey, ge ; Malt, 1,641 ; CA* 1,176; Deane, IN; f'ans, IN ; Indian thins, 13,763; Oefinud, 1,3311 seeks; Maar, SAM moths, 17,7t5 att. 4.--A pod wanly et Wheat, *hi. fly of the am mop, awl bean NAN _at a &Missal WM le. pm qr.; Ms. to 111111th,304 lls.; See Mae, 4 te. per qr. to the growers. NAWCAIMM, Sept. 4. -The weather slate hafted= beewhim, let faveireble Waist opmdiena. On marshy we bed mond bean" tab, with shwas whilst emdep Mg s maMet. with the wind peettailleg gem wet Al oar sada this raorriagsee hal emeetelle shies et Wirt Men the growers; but She nmiale easetwlse bake Maid. W to the unkweamble report tram Loa** esemeilla went *merle the teak, and bean beim§ amid be OS.ssawd le wee asieseery to subs& ea a reined. of *per R. WISE Mgr we ban born 11.eafv wpplird, and where ado IMO bend • *Am of cask beg mi bietd to, very fair houediddelismieg bun odd elf. ye et& In lye little miming. Origins Ike* meet be :s. per qt. hew, with few buyers; bet ai So aim a spieniatme 11110111111 NW be Mad, which lower lelliem were sot lOW le 10111141 Mb Malt without ebange, Ins se mow gpsy be p w li dike* end Pe* Ones wee* he* with awe *math and in the Imminsiedthe hily hie were whined. I'2Mo= 4.—Chir annual fair falling as Ail day, there wee as at Gee 'Barbet on Saterday. The quantity ef Wheat Owing woo esnolderalie. both of old sad new ; prim. hewer.undiereMy earned by the Ilark4ese moth ot and the hob hes doll In Na name, leareely at thew Rolm essoning thle array otber rola. trite. an Pimeorrn, Sept 4.—There were several OMANI of new Wheat edema at We day% sense ; they awe gonna? In damp eindiths, and ere require a andantes ef aid hen ; Wm. die. to 46. per gr. YI N.. Ilds. per awl. The weather Se here dry ad Amenable for eoreplerai the banyan in the bas &mots Ilsisssass, &pt. s melt sttesitess it ear =IAA Win dthe wipply et grab wee anai keeper then the dime& 011 Wheat wae la pod roped at the MI warresey et Ws imp wet: bat sew wee • SO male awl from la to ks. par :meter Isms. Thar ens dews* Flee as Ist little doisp. there were ewe yr roe ropes t iaraw arrW eattibited, creel eat rallies, sad eery esperwr tus% lew we Wee were Matted. Is Bra* Ilion mos bat Ms &Mg semi pekoes smite& OWN Puss, ass rim wen megketei, eat to the Megan at Wesel retweart, gas. taliese iewsla sheet the rale sr berm New TIM wore= Emma t&LS& soft. per WWI Beet eld Wheat. te 44e.: res. Os Na; sow, PM. to 43e. Barley, Lia to ria ask iss. to Ma Beess,ara. to lea. Pews, sew, 3ea r ela. Malt. MIL to alla per qr. Mar, lea. to fee. per rd. Tame. ea M. to Ile. per b. I. CATTLI. ao.—Ba =sr Ouzo? nit .—Yostsrdop this impartot ens soussameed. supply of Drum lo So dlr. Ana la assaisd thus of last year by !soft SAIL Um IMIN Sines dolma' every bad la theraltol Mood= sollsolud pass hos d tits various erudite to a Rash baps submit thou at sq kl• Y Was ye Minded by • lams oleo ei aka. ark *hem and osirbsepsio, So, brims b h4 atllme of Ohs dip was hoWe. Ur Lissa* Laiwobr owl saw = g men Wog bat throe sad but yew sib sib at the prisms :—Liassia Leiossery% 116. to 141. pre ; pas. am, 154 par had; Drank IL to id a rrl. haul; _ lisidsras old Lists'. 71. le U. mr hoot TIM. *aft dblastosib• eras i ff fig. Inv bowl ikahl. at Apra waro me s 141V7 asoutsive eons liarootArnmo, tho spit Issas from 71, to IL per head ; sad Slier sib, IL mod 71. per SU rassuotwas w sompistigy OXON with wow, mid mas k ossm s M mixed disrasise. lbs bars Welsh Bamako sods from to IL pr bird ; mod sad bleier, O. to Si. per heaL Irish Besets weer seared at taw pr prism ofim, be were Mil so:d, afthoosh /MAW ny oddy as ?a 21 waft brim the bat hot par. dt Cows Mad sh es prim, and amid. Dist Tusk or Darius bred Owls, olth Weal bids* las, aids law ISL to 201. ; la CIA ISL to 141.; ~I&rshi 41St; tel NIL to 121. ditto la CaL IL to NIL • W 'Wolk' 4lSt; s, of which thin pass ass ry Cbak• =MOM Yhl .Hu, 14/. to IU. 'rat hod. ammo Cows, sod oh lariat west of slowly tiat allreay. TI, floras fair woman pant ed• largo ssosetamot of blab drestairt and saw memos uss primboort Moon from 4as yams ad, midge teas SO w» mime orb; usolho mu. %hot won suitable We brume mad monso, ha, lb 411 gdwasorik; sarrisso Horns, to mush, hos WO vein sill. IN Ss ISO raison the pair. Thin Witt upwards of Lod pm* Hiss mod Tosiss, the latter mkt* bout lot to 164 o w n sm d su m dmaspapm. 141. to 124 lbs ausabor avid of the Walk bond up to I Oita woo 470. Dian, 60. 4.—.Tbr wryly off 11 Bouts to day Imo about ems menet, tba goat, osperally moo of tba middling .at, go* so on only wear. be be away ; eta *mod ono noatembat emitoe rot ern wet moo Ism osisais be morail. lea weber of Om oat Moto woo Da l ely —. lot eat mho more Am, obi des &mod tor all ebb of oo mu bat booll. flan woes bat kw tot Odom, 'WI tree only toodatoto ma. Mae amber ro of Mot woo Imp fer As rum of the poor, mats. a t . altered Is the prise. Brof mob trout 441 Is nottio. 4;41. to 54. Leak to Its. lreol. Pd. per lb. lip• UAL par sore. 110111111012 FAXIII, Sept. 4 —TM @apply ate 'moat mai d poppl= d aosooded test ad post ppm lbeep owl ladle be ode. Up Who* mate tomb awe mid plop dg b t il lrazio Weep of be bar prier*. tbo nib m a w mat to My L. per Yid Mow time of bit yeir. • bor &olio Mose derbea b ut ;; Used ile•Pee lambs =ramped km let. to Ma. Railirod theartiap Zees bus Poo to Us. per butt; Ottoo• No to lb. OIL ash (WM Ski sbotellog mew; Us. to 3-A tam Dorm me Me• bomb low abs mid et limb tabs. An cuts.. "NNW elf Nan Demob von Am. be vitt a tory doer 111 4 MMUS alMOI• IWCA,STIMIMONI-Tui, &re. 4.—Tlie cattle mast moo eel Ampolbd Mb tamale. hat So &mai behot limited, ell bolootneoe elovilit, mod prises remitted a utile. Delete, interkw to polar, tato N. Pa. par Woe. Bftesp, la. to pd. p er pt. Low% pd. Plot tit 4s. pd to Is. pi ter mom IlAmesaaT, Sept. to7rly of beasts was "My km fir oamtbal tlat of this day messistd. The domed vu lbw, Mk Mare bin a geed attendance el assatry Imaslsem wady aft was wow* add. sal ma, the hest Beef realised OW tote 1.6 M 8 ore vu a farm Wiligi farmer lame., la OM y er Shift and Late . 111 i 41 ma slat piadisic n, _al tie tars < t priers was la fa. mar etldr buyer. Thin woo aro yaratooly saltiost doing la Tail. 02:216 thewam bat a moderate oupply, bat "A i l ed (et the de. awl rim 'boat Ur same as Mien quoted. Os Beef 3taled aLio la U. Tar aore ; saw aM b, tter, ia. GI to Si. 3,431 Down ma i m edam ss. to IL Dona and tymeeeruivrs Notte4l4 s4lamb, NAAS. pot Ib.Bacon Inas 76. 34. to 10. $.4; Web. 14. pr emirs. „1., TUE EXP: ,F, RAILWAY& The downward Massey of twice it thi share market bu at length met with a check, and a much more healthy toes relailtiles morning, est"' daily for the lighter detortptioas of shares, thoegh most instances but a small arenas has been obtained over the closing quotations of yesterday's market. South Pasterns lest obtained 21f ; Newcastle aad Berwick', 17f ; Great Northern', 7/. French shares hate undergone liar alteration from yesterday. ILITAII ZAILIiaM llno. ftd; Amami. burin 63111 Lig n Wag. gni iv Intl a muis - 111 De. witbses amer iles.Walv.. slid Do sale dialy paid, or _ Do. 'Mow seam i -- -----:.-- -45 ' 7 . i_DNAio., : l aws", Do. 1 dorm . Da ins failflii. lisiphool .. Do. Mama WWI awl Mkt Jos.. 1 Do. (SIS D. SM.) ... D5.(31.105) p. Ct. Fri Sosoors Comtism . Do. /Saw Oso IS p.. 01.... Do. Zit., Op. Q., No. 1 Do. do. No. I Do. N. k E. O pis Do. Boom Mini: Zig 1 L i D. A.) I Da. elm C. also . Do 111;iss Do. pre Ct. Prot. d si. lest lAssoissidrs Sadoso sad Do. 01446... d Do. . . Tao% k Boolio dui Smooth I Do.roroo.A.Ddiooo . .l I ilwea De. Do . doom D. •p. Ot. Wu& (ko.) ottosisoil... Maim. SOO Do.lllow, A3O Do. le., IEIS Do. Dr atm gl7 I Do. atom Greemer sad .. Do. lidids Laasoldrs sod Yorker, Do. Ds. 56.11rewTri l l D. Wa ft Unice De. Peel= Wyr• Li mb mg De. dr Ludo sal Think .. - Ds. 6 p;Cest Loam tad Loa. Drlshess.l6 11.0 asst Dri a .rweelsei T tr w T... De. Prik vi rrpst Oas. Da.Osurt. p. 01 ,1 Da.l4ew g .S p.O. Urine sad 01111111111116 D. Praerusu Gross rs North-Widen D. Os. New lures. . De. NAM De.Plab.jarrill.(e) Lasies • Oratls-Weeteni De. lw. /130 D. iro4o Do. De. Milan I p. Ct.. Mrads.. is 6 t i • s:e7 i ce :: . De. dune. So. 2 De. *am. 110. Da. SD int .. De.. Orel Grimsby ... D. de. tSft ... Da. Delessby . Ulm . Dusk ... Da De. .lissla De. MO Zan; D. arm sul Deaf De.). sold B. p. Nesrlaslie red Cartislo xwßik777 Ds. New 110 _ Do. Outran. S per Ct.. Dw Owas.l4 per Ct.- Do. Do. teshelase ... ; et Wolver. , sad Reigate I Sophia sad Within . . durra L lli ars Clam Ds, Ds, are Sli ar;I:161. ) _ aid Chewer e COB. I De. Oweeelry 5... ... De. No. 4 Worth .. —. Do. 1i0.4 Wain _ Owls- din T sd Al t ha. k I W=l l l ki illee Hl6.4 /.. Wile WWI p. CIL pa. Do. ii. do. 1 Z11= 8114711. Y Benda Dolzt.(TortANinreo.) Do. O.N.D. Porthole or York sod North lISOlorwL FOlll2Oll ILAILWATIL A 2 110 .11 • 11 = NA. Italian !solips au gnais; usanii Prams (Mama) 4 :I Ms: 6 6 12 12 It es f 1 pis. t 1 vim. P ll . 7 46 ids. Se S dl.. Iwed IGrert bark P#asols . Ds. aa4 VOintis ::; tienlors at risme .. =ad Odom Pads iffid tbresserg Smalse eadl lbws Tsars maii dip. at S i Sidi& so . Ft_ X 3l St db. 104 114 S 71 db. LIVBRPOOL, September 4. OTOOII4I[CNANOB. —?he market was wens yeeterday. TIM Imams may to .et-lbutott to the toot of bases writhe all lo bo them.—lamesktre sad Yorkshire Rah shares). a. si I& Leedom md liketh-Werars, 1111-0016 Ow dem* 11 1 6 . I le r—Dltle EM I sher 7 r ia ti 34 l.7lfirMelr, .11.114, sod Lleaola I/ Iraibreitirl 4 4.—notet Batas (B), 1111—Yorli, Ikatoodla. art lerwiek (0 .Z. 6pm met tUI 1530), 444. MANCHESTER, September 4. STOCIL-XIONASOII.—Tke 'market exhibited symptoms of 1111113101111 siert sisietravee el the prat decline la prier per. riptide is the qmortior Ikon Leers, and barer vrr very lat. BIRMINGHAM, Septatober. 4. shares were lower, bet very little tai6;ii 7 ivaiic - eV. LEEDS, Sepieisbber 4. /was-Zzazuret —There kes bees eta& sore bedews Ewe Me eespetell ebb pouteeday, but there Ere stfil our min eelbeerm Ils go emeelet. Quotations : Great No reellemon liii tl...........ileethinn Ws, 3,1 dia.; Oast Nortbefas, 111111nr; Nee. 1. es. a. dle.; Mira Exterions, NO II mil 11. b. a11r71 —. 11.. ; lembere C•nntien Union, Is., be. din. ; 1 li f is weoneolllll dr.; Nardi Raffurclehire, 1i Oh BRISTOL, S.ntwb.r 4. 610171 C -211711•117011. The fol it. the quelatiese todek—fetiel see Zeiler Tti-sde, 10 do. Orem Wailers Quer tees, die.; de. 172. deans, 6' di , Miclf and Stock, SS,. IMF Vele, 180. !lilt Newsstle, sad 171. YORK, Sentoriber 4. Ono: Eiciugoi.—Sala: ()test Northers, 71. lls. 31.; Mee Prellgesee, 6a ; York, Severetlo, sad Beerriek, tre„ eratreglis* I 17. e- -- ooTcloate MAIL& The =alb die irlee, O up- peste, Lisboa, Madre, Culls, mad Gibraltar, will be mode ea the monde; of thipt. 7. The au& fir Mg* North Aineries aad the Baited States will be aide up oaths wooing of Sept. 7. The anidis, fie Mareeilles, to the Mediterrsaean, Egypt. Cayka, laths, Hose-Keep, ie., will he cads up oa the ~deg of Sept. 7. Theo West Ladle Mails, szeledier Berseado, lieveaus, Na..., Mondavi*, New Otiose', amid Mahn, sad imbed*/ those tor Madeira, Bt. Jaaa-deMitimagas, New Brawls, Chili, end Pen, will be made up as the main of Br 17. Bo ni V o t e V d r i tl . ter sla lielts, !reins, the lonisa vie pta ta , w it be MUD up ea Ilia sacersiag of Sept. 20. Thfultiall Illiadefre. Os Brazils, sad Baines Ayres, will tweeds up is lb* Mein Met. 2. MOH WATS% AT LONDON DRIDON. Tim DAY-4AIMARS, , SIL ANA Aftenows. II IL lINA Traramow—Monthis 41i. U. ADaswas, 11. INA LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER IL Awerruzit of the annual volumes of Irish Agricul tural Statistics is before us. Compiled under the superintending care of one so competent as Captain LUZON, and published without note or comment, " by authority," these elaborate returns may be taken as the nearest approach that can be reasonably hoped for to an annual register of the chief events in the redid economy of the kingdom. If to these were added the corresponding history of each year's changes in the occupations and productions of the inhabitants of towers, we should have the means, with the help of the Poor Law reports, of judging with tolerable accuracy whither that Wog un-anchored land is drifting. Linked indis solubly together as her fate is with oar own, no sub ject of inquiry is likely to command a greater share of English attention. It is in vain that selfishness en deavours to forget, or that vanity affects to despise, as unimportant or immaterial to our own well-being the social tendencies of our oldest and nearest partner in thoint-stock of empire. Co-liability cannot be evade; mutual responsibility cannot be got rid of. For weal or woe the two islands mast ride the fluc tuating sea of time together; and if Ireland be not destined to swim abreast with Britain, every eable's length to leeward must infallibly prove as additional drag and danger. Incomplete, however, as the present materials for a national estimate are, they are highly valuable. It ie indeed rather tantalising to be furnished with them jest twelvemonths after they were collected. So far as the number of tons weight of produce is coccereed, this is of less importance. But in almost every other particular the effect of this delay in publication is ne cessarily to create fallacious impressions and to con fess in the public mind all distinct ideas of how far we have got, and whereabouts we are. In a shifting and transitory state of things like that which confessedly prevails in Ireland will re gard to the occupation of land and the various modes of its culture, a minute analysis of the status quo of August, 1848, bat not published till August, 1549, is something very like substituting list year's meteoro logical tables for the dial of one ' s weather-glass. We want to know what is, what has last been, and what we may expect to be. If Irish agricultural statistics could be said to be even tolerably uniform, or if we were not in point of fact reminded in the very document itself that the whole course of tillage and system of landholding was in rapid process of change, we must console ourselves with somewhat stale-looking facts by the persuasion that th were just se good as if they had been fresh gather ed. But when it is notorious that during the twelvemonth that has elapsed since Capt. LARCOM took his last rural observations, 110U8 aeons change tout alt, one feels a little " put out" as the phrase is, and much disposed to marvel how it happens that some of this curious information was not given to us while it was new and tree. And we are the more perplexed because Capt. Lencom goes rather out of his way three times in the course of as many pages to account for the total omis sion of three entire counties, Dublin Tipperary, and Waterford, by reason of the political disturbance pre valent there, and the engross.ng nature of the atten tion which the constabulary were in consequence obliged to devote to other objects than the collection of statistics. Still we are glad to have so much of a reliable por traiture of what the agricultural state of Ireland was a year ago. The leading features may be said to be a considerable increase in the breadth of land in cul tivation, a great diminution in the number of separate holdings. and a still greater proportionate decline to the amount of capital invested by the occupiers of the soil. The comparative extent of land planted with cereal and with green crops in 1847 and in 1848 may be thus stated -- CULTIVATION IN 1847. 13tatets Aeras. Quarters. Wiest, OW 2,200,870 Barley Bete Rye 12,415 Boas 23,768 3,313,670 16,248,934 Acres Toes. Potatoes Turnips Maisr4 Wur set Other pees crops 69,512 Flax 727,738 8,786,144 Acres. Cos. 68,342 Anis. Toss. Hay . • . CULTIVATION IN 1648. Awes. Omen& Wheat .... .... .... 666,746 Oat, 1,922.406 Barley Bar Rie Beau 21:602 23,823 106,876 96,651 r au i 426 2,856,696 12,282,408 Acres. Tons. Potatoes Turnips Mange! wortzel Otter green crops .... 32,656 1,013,201 7,169,146 Acres. Cwo. Flax Acres. Ton.. Hay It thus appears that while a oonsiderably smaller breadth of land was sown with grain, a more than countervailing extent was sown with green crops and potatoes. Now, what, prima facie, are the inferences to be drawn from these facts? The decrease in the cultivation of wheat we cannot regard as an evil The growth of reboot, especially in the west of Ireland, was essentially factitious and forced. The climate, and in many districts the soil, of Connaught and West Munster are wholly unsuited to its steady and profitable culture. There are indeed parts of Galway and Roscommon, which are exceptions to this; but as a general rule we believe it to be ind;spatable that the risk of loam owing to the lateness of the season, and the humidity of the atmosphere along the shore of the Atlantic, is too great in proportion to the fair profit which a farmer may reasonably expect in future by the sale of a crop of wisest. It was the artificial price created by the Corn Law of 1815 that lured the occu piers of the soil into the hazardous experiment of growing wheat where it had never been grown be fore. The landlords had contrived to wow up the rent of land to en unexampled height, and the far mers of Mayo and Clare were willing to try the cultivation of any species of crop that held out to them the hope of gambler's gain. With the annihilation of the system of protection, things mast return by degree. to their true and natural conditim. The climate and soil that is unsuitable for wheat yields with campaniles cer tainty a fair return if sown with the earlier and hardier kinds of grain ; and in this light it is a good ign that a greater acreage was devoted in 1848 to bore, rye, peas, &c., than in 1847. Oa the other, the apparent falling off in oats and barley may be accounted for by the arc:amity of interposing_ a pre parative crop at this particular period. But we venture to prognosticate ttat in future years both of theme cereals will be found to increase rather than diminish is the remo'er half of the island. CENTRALISATION or its opposite—which to favour, forms one of the most serious questions in every country of Europe. In Austria it is all in all. For the rest of Germany, it is bound up vrth the desire, and the difficulty, of attain rag unity. We in Eng land are no strangers to the dispute. But in France l it is the leading, the vital question of the day. It is well knew' Olathe legitimists, and what may lbw called the ` party in France, entertain Ma opinion, th s° :tne - only cure and antidote to the reidationary and anarchic elements which predominate in the metropolis, is' to disinherit politically that metropolis, and transfer a very eassiderable . degree of power and self govern meat to the prowess& The grenoh legitimists do net speed their breath in crying HENRY the Freya, or their rowans' in conspiring - for him. Theywouki re-lay the foundation of legitimate monarchy i n pro duced independence. They would erect the Councils General of departments into so many little podia meets, dominating their prefects, I. lieu of beta g led by them As these Councils General are elected from the elms of rieb men, notables and functionaries, such local senates would be much more to ultra-royalist taste than any . metropolitan assembly or chambers, the birth of universal mange. Whilst the French legitimists would thus decen tralise to promote the accnaplishment of their monarchic views, the moderate republicans are will ing to decentralise too, bicause they deem it to be favourable to their principles. A centralised republic like that of Rome must, they imagine, ever resemble Rome in its turbulence, and in having no check upon that turbulence, save in armed legions and their com manders. And having a great wish to do without Pretorians, the expense of whom must eat up all the resources of pacific government, they are anxious to lean rather upon provincial calm as a counterpoise to metropolitan passion, than to continue the premed system of permanent camps under the walls of great otties. Legitimists and moderate republicans thus look to the self-same messur•—the one, in order to pave the way fur a restoration • the other, to promote the establishment of a Federal Republic, after the mea ner of the United States. No Frenchman, indeed, would like to decentralise so far, or push fede ralism to its transatlantic dimensions. But that they tend in that direction, and would shake off the dictatorship, cot only of the Parisian mob, but of a Parisian cabinet, is what few would deny. A powerful party, or conjunction of parties, is, however, opposed to all schemes of either decentralisa tion or federalism ; and the greatest blow that can be dealt to the former is to accuse it of federalism in di.guise. The ultra-liberals are, of course, strenu ously opposed to any transfer of power from the great Parisian forum. And the im perialists, as well u the sons of the great revolution, are no less staunch in the support of that system, which the convention originated and which NAPOLEON completed. The functionaries, as a body too, are, from esprit de corps, all fur centraliu tion. They would lament over any breach in their hierarchy and its discipline, as over a breach in the empire itself. And it forms, perhaps, the greatest strength of the BONAPARTE name, that it I. considered more identified than any other with the unity and administrative centralisation of the empire. It was, therefore, no light or unimportant step on the part of M. DOPAIIRE, the present Minister of the Interior, to propose to the Councils General of the de partments this very question, which most concerns them. M. DUFAURE asks them, in fact, would they like to have more power? Would they prefer having the prefects more under their control in matters of local taxation and management ? They will no doubt answer yes, wherever the councils general are com posed of landed or independent proprietor,, such as is the cue in the west. In countries where the functionary clue predominate, they will decide for the influence of government and the permanence of centralisation. M. Donnas takes care to say, that, however willing to diminish or give up the taken°e of the central government in local and fiscal questions, be still would preserve its influ ence and power intact in political matters. The minister forgets that the prefects, or all such officers, are really appointed but for the task of material ad ministration, and that their political direction and infleenn merely grow out of this. If M. DE:Panne takes away all a prefect's duties, save those of managing elections and guiding politi cal opinion, what representative assembly would think of paying or keeping op prefects any longer ? M. BIIPAIIRE'S questions have, therefore, a directly federal and decentralising tendency. That such would be attended with great benefit there can be no doubt. The great cause, indeed, of the utter dearth of political capacity in Fiance, is the complete want of any school or of any ideas of the kind in the provinces. And how can a nation hope to succeed as a whole in self-government, when self-government in its party cleans and districts is utterly unknown to it? The greatest characteristic of centralisation is, perhaps, that it in general overlooks the great aim of domestic government, to make people happy, pros perous, moral, and free. To keep the people quiet, moderately prosperous, and extremely obedient— these are the great aims of a centralised administra tion. And these are considered as merely instru mental towards the greater and more important aims, as they are considered, of extending influence and dominion, and grandeur abroad. Centralisation always sacrifices domestic policy to foreign. The energies and resources of the country in the hands of one powerful central executive are but cards and counters to play with in those great games of chance, called war and diplomacy. A federal system forbids this by restoring foreign policy to its just and subordinate place. But it will be a long time ere Frenchmen, or at least French copaciVs, submit to this. Ties directors of the East India Company end the Board of Control are understood to be very anxious to allay those apprehensions of a new war to the north west of their new frontier, which the last mail im ported. And, accirdingly, the Economist, which is known to be presided over by one of the secretaries of the Board of Control, an d the Manchester Guar dian, which has become well acquainted with East Indian politics since the company began to trifle with the promotion of cotton cohere in its territories, are at great pains to assure the public--and on "au thority" too—that there need be no fear of further hostilities in India. If any great reliance could be placed on their asearance, it would be a very satisfactory one: for without peace—not an occasional truce for a year or two, such am we have had during the last decade, but permanent, settled, and assured peace, accompanied by all the benefits of peace— the condition and prospects of India will became very gloomy. But, when the events reported as occurring in the Punjasb are full of warlike tendencies; when the spirit of the whole Indian army breathes war; when the commander-iv- "lief of that army has just been baulked of the - of the ' rhich he , glory , campaign whtet,.. was precipitately sent out to soksiovo p whoop in short, there ars beyond the Indus the material of another war, officers anxious for it, an army ready on the spot to plane into it, and more prise-money to be secured by it—in the presence of such preparations, news paper easnrances, even " on authority," that peace will be preserved, are not calculated to inspire much oonfidence. That the Court of Directors and the Board of Control are most anxious to avoid further wars, nay, that they believe their avoidance to be probable, is likely enough ; and that no orders to atta ck OHOLAB SINGH, to knock down the Maharajah they so lately set up, will proceed to India from this country, is al• most certain. These, we take it, are the feelings which have given rise to the assurances referred to. But, it mast be remembered that the policy of these bodies at horns has always been pacific, even when the practice of their representatives in India has b.en most warlike. Puce, peace has always been the burthen of the outwerd despatches, even when there was no peace in India. And, in reality, the policy of the Court of Directors and of the Board of Control has had little mfinence over oar Indian wars. Oze half of them have been begun against their wishes, and to another third at least they have offered an unwil ling sanction. Giving them credit for a strong desire to preserve peace, we cannot therefore admit that peace is the more probable because it is desired in Iwadenhall-street or in Cannon-row. It is events and men in India who determine the question of peace or war there; and all put experience of its history shows, that where there art the materials of war, war itself is not far off. The principle which now ani mates the Indian government (that is, the government of India residvnt in India) is that of complete supre macy. Native indepe"cl.•nce iv ahhorrent to it ; terri torial absorption is its declared duty; the tinc•ion cf even dependent and allied states is becoming its daily practice. The acquisition of Scinde followel the at tempt on Aff,ibuistan; tt e annonation of the Pan janb has fcllowed Solna@ ; Sat - arah has been ab• sorbed ; the Nisam's territories are about to be admi nistared > idne j and Lord Rumousiz has proclaimed the asteualutlon of the supreme govern ment not to allow tie peados of Hindoo succession to avert the &weal et sovereignties when direct heirs are wanting. What chance—what hope is there that GUOLAB SINGH will be allowed to found a dy nasty to reign over the fortress of Jammu, or to leave aline of p rinoes torrilise all the dreams of Oriental eclogues in the valley of Cashmere P As surely as the downed of DBOLEEP Enion was sown by the victoria' of Lord IiARDINOB ; so surely was the fate of OHOLAB &Nos foreshadowed in the triumphs of Lord Rumouring. It mast be so. The progress of Indian history would be inverted, did Clain-as escape the example of all preceding princes—histe eml consistency and historical uniformity demand his sacrifice. The Punjaab mast be rounded off by the vale of Cashmere ; it beluga naturally, geographi cally, territorially to the government of Lahore. We cannot allow a power to grow up and consolidate itself in oar rear. Such will be the argument' that will prevail when opportunity serves—when OHOLAB gives as provocation; when the pear, in short, is ripe. And the natural order of events will, in OHOLAB SINGH'S can (as it has been in all other cases), be quickened and forced by the agents and residents of the British government about him. On their in formation and report. the supreme government's views and policy are formed. All the knowledge they have of the temper, disposition, and conduct of native princes is necessarily supplied by their agents. The military service is now uppermost in India • and it will be found that, with rare and honourable ex ceptions, military agents are always the advocates of extended territory, of ab erption, of annexation, and of the other phrases by which an ambitious policy in India is clouded and concealed, or pourtrayed as a matter of necessity, of self-defence—nay, almost of fatality. The impossibility of placing reliance on the fidelity of GUOLAB SINGH, the danger of his arma ments—the impolioy of allowing a great military force to exist in our vicinity —his ambitious designs—his desire to be independent of us—his intrigues with the Affghans—his inability to govern his own subjects well—their yearning atter British rule—these will be the topics preached on and enforced to the supreme government, until OHOLAB SINGH, stung and to-- tared by suspicions, shall commit some overt act of hostility, and then we shall have a campaign across the Indus, then other victories will be achieved, another native line of royalty will be deposed, more territory will be added to our eastern empire, further drains on its resources will be opened ; and then, again, the advent of universal peace will be once more proclaimed in India. This ever recurring cycle of Indian conquest is said to be our destiny, our mission to that country. That accomplished, we shall then have time and ; opportunity to turn our attention to its material con cerns, to introduce into it cheap and good government, to develop its resources, to wee the condition of the people, and to give them a share in the government of their own country. It may be so. But we confess we have small faith in the opportunities thus earned by war, conquest, and bloodshed, being turned to good *mut. Nay, we have a strong opinion that, until the people of this country shall insult on the government of India refraining from war hereafter, the advent of good intentions to India will be a long time in arriv ing, for, so long as the people of England will permit them, the government of India will find occasion to indulge in wars. It is idle to contend that these Indian wars are a necessity of our position in that country. They are the direct result, we might almost add the inevitable oonseqaence, of the enormous army we maintain there. How, with an army exceeding 300,000 men, every one of whom either has or supposes he has an interest in war, is it possible to avoid hostilities in India ? When a nation or state is armed to the teeth, the next stop is to find some ooe to fight with; and what is true in Europe is equ illy true in India, viz., that war is the °once quence of great armaments. In these Indian wars, the people of this country have not the smallest bene ficial interest ; they depress commerce, exhaust foreign customers, and are produced as a reason for increased military expenditure at home. Whilst with peace every interest of the people of India is inseparably'associated. War and its attendant expen diture has already almost wholly destroyed the race of Indian gentlemen; and it is gradually reducing the ryes of India to a state of " abject poverty." It p events and retards all comprehensive reforms, in the government of India ; it introduces into and confirms in that government principles of arbitrary rule; it denies to the people governed all participa tion in the conduct of their own affairs; it deprives the government of the means of executing those great works on which the materiel progress and the moral improvement of their subjects depend ; and, effecting all these pernicious results, its tendency is to destroy, and not to maintain, the British empire in India. la 19 S i VI : 1a Ow. II I 9 mall I 29 M i. 105 1 i di. 1. 19 19 121 a 13e Ma II II __ __ _ ii it er. .... _. _ I 1 1 pa. Pm. . 4 1 VI . za 4 Pm. 13. si Nvei• 10 111 die. 39 Is dls. 14 114 lft 1 57e 211 e 37 39 7 - i ea 10a It O il Os Oi dls. 1 12idls. I si Si dia. 2 la ills. 17 13 dia. 112 223 - 44 48 pm. U 37 pm. 17 19 pm. 44 48 az d. r 32 . .. i 12 76 12f 44 47 6i di.. 426 NI ekel 7 6 Ili Pm. n is pi_ tr:i 1 - di& - par - 30 26 dl.. 15 13 die. 76 6) di& 6 5 414. 9 di. 311 24 os. If 5t dla 36 40 ex d $7 N e 7 i d .•• 14 16 4 4 46. 7i 75 94 10 0 63 It 0 1 10 2 9 11 231 117 119 ex 1 pm. n t Ps& 2 ps. 394 1111 17 13 en& 14 19 de. 6 31 dis. 1 9 pa. 41 4 es. 24 22 ii ft d. 104 10 IS 17 ii ii ma. 11 1 db. Is 14 di. 18 14 db. 1 11 db 6 5$ 5$ ... 17 16 ma so u iis iii 14 37 1711:1 12 111 ri r P 7 a PI 74 12y Ily lay 17 Pla t! to. - i1 i& d 31 4 Ma. I is leaps cad S = pile. 131 131 es la 3 3 dis. 8 11 $ Ii ii - i !la We tOI 61 61 1 61 U 23 die. 71 I dl► II II db. 1 3 li i ti P et 17 14 Se 8 dia. U 4 21 dia. 4 Si dia. IV. I. es Psi iii IN 111 at. 100 so so si _ s ESS, , :W.EPNWPAY , N-EVIOMPG, BEFITABFA 6,. 1849, 777' JAMAICA. Concerning the affairs of this island we bave re ceived the following letter from a correspondent not new to our readers: JAMAICA, Arover 7. • The dissolution of the House of Assembly by the Governor and the elections are at this moment the chief topics of interest and excitement here. En joying, as this body does, so inappreciable an amount of independence of the home authorities, one is some what at a loss to know what its precise use is. Its sessio- s are heir wasted in complaints, for the grounds of which it is itself in a measure answerable, and threats the prudence of which is very questionable. It is p?rpetually sticking thorns in the side of the governmene, as a sort of healing compensation for the injuries which it inflicts upon itself by " kicking against the pricks." Granting therefore that the council, as at present oonstitu-ed, requires both re formation and extension to fit it for becoming the sole organ of island legislation, we cannot wonder at there being a much wider impression than the radi cals—who term themselves conservatives—choose to acknowledge, that a court of policy properly consti tuted would, in the exercise of its legislative func tions, in conjunction with the governor, afford an instance of two heads being better than three. When certain members talk about raising the standard of rebellion in the event of the edicts of the Assembly being negatived, they forget that—thanks to the selfishness of their breathers—the execution of this valorous threat is impossible. Other countries may, I know, be pointed at, which, although not pre ceding this on the scale of discovery, threw off the yoke of the parent state by their own might, and whose diplomatic agents are now received and re spected by the courts which once ruled them. But, in addition to the combined extent of ter ritory and population of Jamaica being too limited for its establishment as an independent state, its possessors have gone the wrong way to work to have allowed it to become so under any cir cumstances. Contrast the local policy pursued by the colonists of this island with that carried out by those of other nations who went forth on the wine responsible errand. Se'tling with their families, they (not we) considered the new country as that of their adoption, their home, and final resting-place; and in return for the prosperous advantages which they acquired and accumulated, they left their chil dren as an inheritance, who loved their lend as their native land, and gave birth to a patriotic posterity. By degrees they founded public institutions of edu cation and 'octal improvement, and cultivated the arts and manufactures which their ancestors had in troduced to the best extent a young peep's could, and their cities are memorials of their taste and national pride. They planted and fostered the internal prin ciples of freedom by taking an interest in developing the natural capabilities of their country, by consoli dating its moral power, and by concentrating their wealth where they had made it. The stimulus of national enthusiasm at length diffused itself among them • genius arose to direct, heroes to lead, and they won their freedom after an honourable struggle, which they proved themselves both able and determined, at all selfish ascrifices, to maintain. But, during the same epoch, what hiss Jamaica doue for itself? Nothing; and it is, consequen'ly, all but reduced to that d plo rable finality. Yet time was when its proprietor. were among the richest on earth—what has become of nearly all this imm nes wealth ? Gone —with scarcely a wreck left be hind as an emblem of its ex i tit en ce, except here and there the half-dilapidated mass of tasteless buildings which contained the machinery essential for the manufac ' tune of the staples whieh enjoyed a golden age so long. As to the comparatively many modern excep• tions to be named, and the few ancient ones, they rather establish than disprove the rule which I am working one. What have we to show in place of the noble buildioge, built by the Spaniards, which we de stroyed ? Look at Kingston, the capital. Its athlete are like the - sandy bed of a dry river, and by that same token it is only within about twelve months that the inhabitants, through the medium of a company, have been properly supplied with water. Barring an unfinished prison, two or three economical looking churches, and a few cold complexioned conventicler, it possesses tot a single building which does not strike one as absolutely mean ; and although there are many good houses of comparatively recent date in the suburbs, the town itself is little better than a collection of sheds, presenting just such an appearance as we may sup. pow those temporary abodes did when erected fur the longest sojourn during the 40 years' wandering in the desert. The situation of thz town is beeutitully picturesque, and, as you approach the harbour, the perfume of the orange, and other sweet odours, come wafted on the breeze with a most delicious greeting. You land—and, oh. what a charge ! Your nostrils are assailed by smells " aperiently " compounded of the dissecting room and dirty clothes bag ! No won der, for, in addition to a few more unsavoury collec tanea, the streets of this scent per scent capital are literally mended with the products of the dung-heap. Go into the country, and there you will find those who represent the proprietors living in boxes, and the labourers in baskets. Few evidently had an ides of making this country their home, or of founding homes therein for their children. Acre after acre was cut down, planted solely with produce for exportation, exhausted (superficially), and aban doned. The consequent* of which is, that many once valuable properties have become a wilderness of bush, and extensive tracts of enclosed land are thrown up as unprofitable ; their owners either, from ignorance, despised • more enlightened system of cultivation, or, from rapacity, grudged the required means. In as much, then, as the money made here was but, in few instances, saved, inasmuch as none of it went for the purpose of beau:ifl iog cities, bat little of it in an adorned domestic architecture; and that there are no traces of it in bereficial institutions, which hand down the names of their founders and contributors with reverence, gratitude, and honour, through the young whom they provided education for, the sick tor whose bodily ills they furnished care and shelter, the aged, the infirm, and broken-hearted from mis fortune, for whom they raised a refuge and a home— what has become of it ? But hold. I hare heard of one who devoted the greater part of the wealth which, by talented toil, he had earned, to the neglected wants of this island. Peace to the soul of the charitable Dickenson, whose kind-hearted object has been frustrated by his injunctions remaining un fulfilled, since hie most munificent bequest, mwilated and depreciated, seems wrapt in a final sleep, like the good man who gave it, and doomed to a like gradual decay. But where, I ask again, did the collected re sources of this productive land go to ? English watering-places, its metropolis, and the continental cities had their due share, but the portion assigned to the Wend itself was exactly limited to the extent required for the generation of exported profits. The entire policy pursued in this island—social, commer cial, and fiscal—was calculated to drain its wealth. There being no opportunity of edocsting children here, they were sent to enjoy this advantage at a costly rate in Europe, and the fathers habitually fal lowed, to spend a profitable retirement, accord ing to the significant term, "at home." A few hundreds returned out of the ;tens of thusande remitted for the payment of salaries is of little consideration. All supplies, every thing used outside the body and consumed within it, were imported, with the exception of such as had no profit attached to their production, and in fact the case is still the same, with this important difference, that in former days the money expended for this purpose at all events benefited the mother coantry, the supplies being chiefly obtained from thence, while now a-days the British Lion's share is clawed by the American Eagle. A very good rea son is assigned for this however, namely, that the articles in question are cluafcr. Why then do we not allow England the privilege of using the same argument in favour of Brazil sugar ? " Because • principle is deserted." It is not only esteemed to be a penny-wise and pound-foolish policy (where we are sellers, that is) to profit the stranger instead of friends, for the sake of a nominal saving; but a great principle is avowed to be also violated in the com plained of instance, since the very pe :pie who paid so dearly, and made their colonists pay more dearly still, for the sake of emancipating the negro, and who are yearly sacrificing so much life and treasure in their crusade against slave traffic, by thus giving a preference to the produce of slave labour, are actually countenancing, encouraging, and rewarding those who practice that which they denounce. Certainly it is a puzzle to understand how a workman in bonds can farm a legitimate element of free trade, and I quite agree with this argument so forcibly advanced on all occasions by our public writers and speakers, so much so that I am at a loss to account for the inconsistency and blindness of these declaimers in not seeing that we are ourselves doing precisely the same thing, for not only do we patronise the pro ductions of a strange land to the deprivation of the parent state and its dependencies, but the great pro portion thereof must be the result of slave labour, since slavery, is as much a "domestic institution" in some of the states from whence we are supplied, as it is in Cuba and Brasil. It may be said that the case differs, since we have no such produce of our own to protect. We have the declared " principle" to protect, at all events; and, if we have not productions likewise, we ought to have, and might have, if the enterprise of this islind had been properly directed through channels for the supply of home consumption, as well as these precarious ones which have been blockaded and dried up by permit.ed competition and the demseded changes in legislative regulations; and had not a false system of low import duties contributed to pre vent the natural development of its industry, as well u to derange its financial equilibrium—subjects which I reserve for further consideration in my next communication. FATHOM. ill Ist NI 14 1 1 1 It 65 di 1414 x dly 1 34 lex v lath. 1 IS at air $1 ex di, 11111$ 1 x div Inez dtv 31 el dl, Me I S 7 111 I 131 1$ 1234 e if ioi 13i lei I 11j 12 efU 202 12 U' 41 4 4 ` CALIFORNIA. The following statements are from the Alla Cali fornian, dated San Frontier°, July 2, 1849. This paper was forwarded by the American steam-packet Oregon to Panama and thence to Europe. IMPROVIRMINT 07 THII COUNTRY.—The new comers and those abroad may see that the pursuit of gold is not the only °munition of the inhabitant' of California. We have prepared the following account of new cities which have been laid out within the last few months. We (the editor of the above paper) have compiled these notices from the best knowledge in our possession, and we believe them in the main reliable. We must confess that many of these en -1 terprisea bear more the character of mere speculations than of bona fide desires to build up a town ; and we are inclined to think that with some of them, such will certainly be the result, la despite of the wishes of their proprietors. In many instances it seems to have been forgotten, that so soon as steamers are introduced on this bay and its tributaries, that the whole character of transportation and trade will be re volutionised. Such, mat assuredly, will prove to be the fact, and its consequences cannot fail to be disastrous to some of the towns which have sprung up in such close con tiguity. Naw C77l3ll.—Tremont, a town laid out by Jonas Spelt, Esq., on the west bank of the Sac ramen t o River, opposite the mouth of the Feather River. It is said that this point is the limit of navigation on the Sacramento River for vessels of ordinary size, as just above the bars are frequent and large—this, then, being the head of navigation, there must eventually grow up a large town in that vicinity. Vernon, situated on the east bank of Feather River, at its confluence with the Sacramento. Proprietor', Franklin. Bates, Crosby, Norris, and Beset Simmons. It is directly opposite Tremont, and it is a moot point which is the most eligible position ; both places likely to become valuable property. Boston is laid out on high ground on the north bank of Rio American, a few miles above its confluence with the Sacramento. Claims not so likely to be overflowed by high spring of Midsummer freshets, a great consideration in a country whose infectious 'mimeo i is occasioned by these annual overflows. Very few inhabitants in the above towns as yet. Hove I sen surveyed, laid out, and put into the market, within last four months. The two first are about 36 miles and the last 4 miles northward of _ _ Sacramento City.—This city is laid out on the site of, and embraces the celebrated Setter's Fort. Those who saw it, 'as we did, hes than one year ago, when the fort and its outbuildings constituted the whole inhabited tenements, will now be surprised to learn that it has Pudaetly become a flourishing city of some 2,000 inhabitants. Original price of embircadero, - or river lots, 600 dole. ; now they com mand thousands. The only town besides San Francisco which bouts a printing press, Idverything seems to indi cate that this place has Ter-rived en impetus which other totalities will find it difficult, if not impossible, to retard. The nut town descendinis the Sacramento is