The Express. — London, England, 1846-09-08 00:00:00

THE NEW EVENING PAPER, a THE 1111111."-110113111 MUM, Nsi t i d il Illsdeasr, lhapti Innelliellar4U2shinasans alavINZ = of = ana Otak Annan tin ha manly dinars " Tau Vans " am parr en na snaho n 6poillasilsk in the pin mini. en Pt, V a =Lla pan Ila ft. A. "Taw Dans Nora" and IM Snake Was* Papas an= slaw shop, at thy prior narked, Inns payment Is aside la NEWSPAPER 01 street, Strand. Established is 1614 illPitl366, new Brenta, Paper, forwarded to all porta of the country m soca as pub ished, at 19s. 6d. per quarter, paid In advance. THE EXPRESS.-THOMAS MUDIE & SONS leg to state that they inward " The Express " by evening mall, and, to ensure regularity in the supply, they petit the address of thedr customers, when aniseed for a quarter er half-year. A re mittance of lee 6d. will pay for a quarter's " fr:zes," and will be promptly achnowledged. Mathes Newspaper IS, Coventry street, London (established 30 years). OADERS for THE EXPRESS punctually supplied by TRELAWNEY WM. SAUNDERS, Stationer and Agent tor "The Xxgee 6, Chariartroaa, London, on receipt of Post-ontoe orders for the sobentptiou of 19a. 191. for three months, or IS,. for six months. The trade enpntied. yHE EXPRESS.—F. WEb I:LEY begs to an nounce that he receives orders for " The Express," new London Paw, i 9 . 61. a carter, srter, it paid in advance. Direct P=7lce orders to Frederick Watley, 163, Strand, Lanka. EW LONDON EVENING PAPER, THE EXPREIB.—GEOME HOWES and 01)., 7, navies -Inn, twee, Landon, print on the cover the addresses of those who favour them with their orders behalf a year. Post-ofnee orders im mediately acknowledged. A quarter, 190. 6d. ; half-year, if. lin. THE EXPRESS, EVENING PAPER—JOHN and WILLIAM CHAPLIN, newe agents, SS, Fleet-lane, Purringdeis-atreet, London, will punctually attend to all orders that they may be favoured with. THE EXPRESS.—Orden punctually attended to at THOMAS MERRETrti Newspaper Office, 7, St. John-square, London, eitablished thtrtyjve years. Subs:ripHole, In advance, Iles. 6d. per quarter, on a enrols corr writ It FORWARD= IN ht }-' pproslL MAILS. The West India mails, except. those for Mexico, Honduras, and Havana, will be made up on the morning of the 17th butt. The mails for Coruna, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, will be made up on tre morning of the 17th inst. The mails for British North America, Bermuda, and the United States, will be made up on the evening of the lath Inst. The malls for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, ola Southampton, will be made up on the morning of the 21st hug. The overland closed mails, via Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, &c., will be made up on the evening of the 21th inst. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We own natlee:hiany on that is rot to as aningurady; Wee= iselsocee to address us In confidence will lel limplraviimsesearailed. NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE 111 RIMINI ANY WIIIIICRIPTS WHATEVER. ••• Advartionsents inlearkd for The Express must be at the effloe by Two Voloek on the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tins ?ker.—Morning, 28 mm. past 3: Afternoon, 47 attn. poet 3. To-mozaow.—ng, 7 min. post 4; Afternoon, 28 man. past 4. LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8. THE intervals, sometimes unavoidable, in a life of public exertion, are seldom filled up so gracefully and usefully as they now seem to be by Mr. CAMDEN. It is pleasant to turn from the reports of royal matri monial intrigues, of diplomatic dexterity, of the selfish tricks of Irish landlordism in the face of famine, and of the havoc amongst grouse and part ridges by legislators happily liberated from their public functions, to the details of Mr. COBDEN'S reception in France, and of the manner in which he responds to the interest excited by his name in that country. They present a picture of cordiality and frankness, of ap preciation and of unselfish earnestness, which it is alike gratifying to contemplate in the givers and the recipient of these social honours. It speaks well for all; for the mutual understanding and harmony of two great nations, and for the peace of the world by the progress throughout the world of just views of human interests and true glory. The greeting which awaited Mr. COBDEN in France ; the compliment, not accorded by the state lier, yet really, in such omissions, less civilised eti quette of our own Court, of a royal invitation ; spontaneous public demonstrations at Paris and at Bordeaux ; were all unsought for, and, as we believe, came quite unexpectedly upon the unobtrusive tra veller, as he endeavoured to avail himself of the most simple and obvious means for the restoration of health, shattered by efforts of physical as well as mental ex ertion rarely paralleled. It was in the rapid suc cession of public meetings, in different parts of the country, through the month immediately preceding the opening of Parliament, when the agitation reached its acme, that Mr. COBDEN'S strength gave way, and a complete break-down was threatened of his vigorous constitution. Happily his work was then at an end. The time of triumph was come. The rival leaders of the House of Com mons were ready for that portion of the task which devolved upon them. An exhausted frame had yet energy for utterance of a final rebuke to Protectionists and Protection ; and the champion of commercial freedom was at liberty for the restorative "immuni ties of private life," which enlightened Frenchmen have made the means of extending, prolonging, and brightening the lustre of his achievement. Mr. COBDEN sought health in France, and to that blessing France adds the meed of gratitude and honour. We should not have expected from our neighbours so prompt and generous an appreciation of the peculiar merits of Mr. COBDEN. They do not judge things by our commercial standard. To military glory they are all alive. Literary talent has its temples, whose gates stand ever open. For the praises of artistic genius, they have loud echoes. Liberty, if but a word, is still to them a word of power ; it is a spell and a charm. But political economy seems beyond the circle of French enthusiasm. They have shouldered their muskets against tyranny, but never against mo itopoly. There is no fascination in the maxim of buy ing in the cheapest market and selling in the dearest. Glory is more readily associated with storming forts, and planting the national banner on the cathedral towers of a hostile capital, than with the cannon ading of custom-houses by arguments and statistics. And yet BAPTISTE SAY has not written in vain. The labours of the League were not unmarked daring its arduous progress. The fullest and noblest tribute yet rendered, both to the workmen and the work, is in the publication last year of " Cobden et la Ligue, ou l'Agitation Anglaise pour la Liberte du Commerce, par M. FRED. BASTIAT." We have, at present, no such English record of those memorable proceedings; and the publication shows a thorough comprehension of the importance and general advantages of the un dertaking, as well as of its arduousness. We trust it may be inferred that the honorary movements which attend Mr. COBDEN'S progress testify to the enlightened adoption of his principles. We take them as presumptive evi dence that the doctrines of free trade have obtained a firm hold upon French intelligence. Their reference to the past is thus subordinated to their mighty influence upon the future. They promise co-operation in striking off the shackles of industry all over the world. Towards this con summation all personal homage is carefully and con scientiously directed by Mr. COBDEN. In himself, he only sees the cause of free trade. Its triumph is all that he hears in the longest and loudest shout of gra tulation. The truth, importance, and beneficence of free trade principles, are the theme to which he always resorts ; and they constitute his personal acknowledgments. He cannot separate himself from them. They are his breath of life. On them he plants the wreaths woven for his own brow. In them, we speak it not profanely, he lives, moves, and , • has his being. And thus, in the reception of praises, he continues the fulfilment of his mission. Those - who cover him with glory only gird him up for pur suing his apostleship. How much better is all this than the fierce and gloomy mutterings of late exchanged across the channel! Under the truthful warmth of Mr. COBDEN'S • addressee, the notion that free trade was only an - other phase of the national selfishness that had adhered to monopoly as long as it would answer, has begun to melt away from the European mind. His finger unvaryingly points to the common interest of nations, the interest of universal humanity. Every meeting to do him honour is thus made a pledge of pro- resolve enlightenment and enduring peace. 11.6 is an ambassador, accredited to the world's merchants and manufacturers, to its industrial producers and distri buters of every class, by authority more potential than that of Courts. He represents truth and know ledge. He negotiates for no advantage that is not mutual. And those who recognise his credentials become fellow-labourers in the same good cause, which, though it seems only to regard material good, and does so in its immediate application, yet rises, in its results, into the cause of universal peace and progress, the pledge of good-will amongst men, and the promise of well-being for humanity. I THE reflections which the Queen of Seares mar riage might suggest, and the hopes it might excite, assuming for certain that betrothal of her Majesty to the eldest eon of the Infante Don FRANCISCO which has since been made officially known, were last week anticipated in 'this journal. There was no marriage that Queen ISABELLA could have contracted free from serious objections. A en.__Buito would have suggested the idea, without the reality, of British ascendancy. A French Prince would have been a restoration of the Family Compact and of Spain's vassalage to the Tuileries. A TRAPANI marriage was scouted by almost all Spaniards. The family of Don FRAKasco alone seemed to satisfy the national suffrage ; that of Don CARLOS being for obvious reasons out of the question. Nevertheless, despite its national and liberal charac ter, the family of the Infante was hardly that from which a girl and a queen would select mate and con sort. We never beheld the diminutive stature, peaked beard, and singular features of the Infante, without instantly recalling VELASQUEZN portraits of the Bois faineant of the Hispano-Austrian race. The bigot education, childish cares, grave etiquette, and political nonenity of all Spanish kings, seem to have reduced these royal patients, no matter what their diversity of race, to a kind of uniformity of expression, which it would be uncivil to characterise when we add that the living members of the family resemble the type, and that it is about the most unpromising for the founder of a dynasty that could be invented or imagined. However, the physical or intellectual qualities of a king of Spain are matters, it would seem, not worth consideration. That ho should be of the pure Bourbon race is the sine qua non: not only uncle or cousin to the royal bride, but the most cretin of uncles and cousins. Common reputation had fixed upon the second eon of lion FRANCISCO as the prince who had most escaped from the hebetude and nullity of the family. Of this, indeed, Don ENRIQUE had given proofs. But as his talent was tinged with liberalism, it was thought dangerous; and he has been set aside for the elder brother, who better represents the race, and who will more fully satisfy the sinister purpose of reducing it to the old /ailment standard. The arrangement that Queen ISABELLA'S younger sister is to marry the Due de MONTPENSIEB, will not, it is understood, take effect till the QUEEN shall give signs of offspring. That the family tie between court and court should be drawn thus close, and a French Prince made at least presumptive heir to the Spanish throne,—it is impossible that we should not think dangerous. We can see no other result await ing it than a general and strong dislike amongst the Spanish people. The French may indeed stifle the popular voice, and that of the Cortez, by means of a military government; but in this case the indepen dence of the peninsula must be considered at an end, or become a thing to be won and vindicated by revolution and the sword. Either of these alternatives is bad ; destructive to Spain and its prosperity. We cannot, at the same time, perceive by what dictation we are to prevent two courts and two allied families from entertaining intimate relations ; and to foresee dangers is easier than to provide against them. It is a satisfaction, at any rate, amid these doubts and dangers, to see the Queen married into a family which has given pledges to liberty, and which has shown its attachment to the constitution. Had ISABELLA married her uncle TRAPANI, and her mother CIIIUSTINA remained thereby uncontrolled mistress of the palace, no liberal or constitutional minister would have coa -1 sidered himself safe, or installed in office for other than treacherous purposes. On the contrary, the choice of the Infante's son to be King Consort, and his influence in the palace, will be a guarantee to the liberals, at least till proof arises to the contrary, that it is meant to deal fairly by them, should the alternations of representative government bring them into power. But, as we said the other day, it remains to be seen in what spirit and policy this marriage will be inaugurated. Such an event is the most auspicious and natural epoch for an amnesty, not a partial but a real one, such as even the Popo has extended to those who rebelled last year. A mere amnesty in name would be dangerous and idle. It must be accompanied with such changes in the policy of the government, and in the restoration of constitutional rights, as would content the exiles, and enable them to have confidence in the Queen's intentions, and hopes connected with her reign. This would be a bold act for ISTURITZ, once an ultra-liberal, then an ultra-regimist, and now leaning to liberalism again. Some policy of the kind is necessary in order to rally all liberals, even the Esparteristi, around the throne. For one result of the marriage will be, by destroying the matrimo nial hopes of the Carlista, to throw them once more into schemes of insurrection. These may break oat with serious magnitude; such as may require the efforts of the liberals again in union to put down and extinguish for ever. Nor can ISABELLA'S throne be considered firm, nor her rights be recognised by Eastern Europe, till the pretensions of CAELOS have been met by the national unanimity, and, in case of insurrection, crushed by a final blow. ONE of the effects of the scarcity in Ireland is, that it has taught the people they have a govern ment. To men accustomed to hear the Saxon denounced as a hard and unfeeling tyrant, the active humanity of the Imperial Legislature must have appeared startling. It could hardly fail to suggest this question, Could so much have been done, or so well done, by " a parliament sitting in College-green?" We find, from the correspondence lately published, that it has had precisely this effect. We hear of such remarks as " This is the sort of repeal for Ireland and may the Almighty bless our QUEEN." " After all PEEL is a true man to old Ireland, and the right sort." If the emergency has corrected many of the pea sant's prejudices against a Saxon government, it has, on the other side, exhibited to England the poorer classes of Ireland in a remarkably favourable light. The patience with which the pinch of hunger has been borne ; not, be it remembered, the hunger with which the Irish peasant is unhappily familiar for at least three months of the ordinary year, but something bordering closely on starvation ; reveals to us more than the mere habit of endurance. In no case has any outbreak occurred on the part of the really distressed. The attack which was made on one convoy was got up by a set of habitually disorderly " Tipperary boys ; " the regular fomenters of _ . . feeling and discontent, thrown out of their ordinary Ribbon or Molly Maguire practice by the present overwhelming calamity. It is true that there has been much complaint of laziness on the relief works. This was due in part to the carelessness with which the relief committees granted their tickets, in part to the remissness of those who should have shown the poor man a better example, and in great part also to the very vague notions of what a government really is, which pre- vail among the inhabitants of the wilder districts. To their apprehension, PEEL was the distri buter of inexhaustible funds. The money spent in wages was no object whatever to those who tarnished it. The peasant who would have toiled like a horse for the farmer, idled on the relief road: but it was in the security of him who fancies he has discovered a treasure, not in the spirit of the discontented and sulky pauper. The patience and innate honesty of the labouring class of Irish is proved by the fact that, under the pressure of unexampled distress, with fat cattle grazing in the fields, and deprlts of government meal almost unguarded, no attacks on property, with the exception mentioned above, have taken place since the commencement of the relief efforts. The very spirit in which they viewed the disaster, indicates a practical piety and trust in Providence rarely found even among the educated classes of Eng land. Captain PERCEVAL writes to Mr. TREVELYAN, " The poor fellows bear it very patiently : they seem to take it as a judgment from God for their sins. I had heard that the Sabbath was not well observed, so I asked one if that was the case, when he said, 0 don't say that, your honour, for we shouldn't work on Sunday for the fear of man, let alone the fear of God; but if we don't work, we swear and blaspheme on the Sabbath, and that's worse,' Another said, ' It's the wrath of God, sir, for the sins of the people that's on the land.' Another, ' The curse of God is on the land, and no wonder.' " The letters of the commissariat officers testify to the thankfulness of the people, and the perfect absence of any riotous disposition. We know few utterances of poverty and helplessness more pathetic than the following, which was found posted in the townland of Moyglass, county Roscommon : " To the Honourable and Committee of Public Works, " We the indigent and needy and distressed class of Work men of this part of the Vicinity having no means to procure a subsistence, can no longer bear the merciless pangsof hunger, humbly deprecates the Committee will take into considera tion and commissemte the awful and melancholy state of those humble and peaceful People, and give theta employ ment, according to every other part of the Country, before they are exposed to the impending danger of present /Maine which has neither shame nor honesty, and before We violate the ties of honesty which we were bred to. We desire Work, and nothing bid Work, and hope the Committee and Gentle men of the Vicinity will find that for us, and hopes the honourable Gentlemen will not be offended at this Notice, because We are no Molly., We distain it . Let no person take this down." It is true that this patience under suffering may cease to be a virtue, when it passes certain limits. Often the mere lowness of the standard of personal comfort may engender it. But when it is accompa nied, as in Ireland, with an active imagination, a cheerful temper, and a readiness, even on the part of the very poor, to extend aid to the still poorer, there is in it a good material to work upon. The iforts of such landlords as Lord GEORGE HILL show what may be done against all the disadvantages of great ignorance, stubborn prejudice (the indication of a lurking virtue in men situated as the poorer Irish have been for centuries), and long-continued neglect. It is easy to upbraid the poor labourer with duplicity and irreclaimable laziness. What has been done by his natural teachers, the rich and educated about him, to shame the one or remove the other ? Except the priests, who has been the poor man's friend in Ireland ? If anything were wanting to confirm the charges that have recently been made against the Irish landholders, it is their conduct during the present distress. While the peasant has borne patiently the intolerable load of want, they have querulously struggled against the burden of relief. The former has been grateful for all that government has done to aid him ; the latter has complained that the executive has not released him from the duty of aid altogether. We speak with full sense of the activity of local committees. The clergy of all denominations, and the residents of the middle class, have done their duty. If extensive landholders and middlemen had, generally speaking, done as much, the task of government, instead of being, as it is, almost too much for even public resources, would have been comparatively light. All parties, all bloods, all religions must divide the weight of the imputation among them; but certain it is, that property in Ireland, while clamorous for its "rights," has acte d as if these involved among them . . that of entirely shirking its "duties." OUR last review of the evidence taken by the Andover Union Committee, enabled us to form some conception of the functions or no functions of the " senior commissioner." The three days' examination of Sir EDMUND HEAD throws a little more light upon the constitution and moduli operandi of the Board. With the graphic talent of his family, Sir EDMUND brings that anomalous body very characteristically before us. "Generally speaking," said Sir EDMUND, explain ing how a Board is constituted, " two sit together in the Board Room, and the papers are laid before these two commissioners, or the greater part of them." " Two commissioners are competent to act as a Board, and the presence of the third is not necessary." The other commissioner is not merely exonerated from attendance at the Board, but apparently, unless a spontaneous fit of activity seize him, from any labour whatever. " If any other papers are looked over by the other commissioner, he reserves such as he thinks ought to be reserved, and 1 those that appear imprtant are laid before his coi -1 leagues." Being asked how long a period was referred to in the phrase "generally speaking," Sir EDMUND replied, "ever since Mr. NICHOLLS returned from Ireland ; ever since fee had three commissioners to act together." It seems rather Irish to assign the having three commissioners as a reason for only two acting. Sometimes, however, the three do meet at once, and then it would appear to have been Sir EDMUND'S business to lecture Mr. NICHOLLS ; Mr. Ntcßou.s' not to attend to Sir EDMUND ; and Mr. Lewis's to look " grave and severe." When told that Mr. NICHOLLS distinctly asserted that no review had been made of Mr. PARKER'S conduct, "I cannot answer," said Sir EDMUND, " for the effect on Mr. NICHOLLS'S mind ; but I myself spoke to Mr. NICHOLLS, with that paper in my hand containing the abstract from Mr. PARKER'S diary ; Mr. NIERou.s may not recollect it." When asked whether Mr. LEWIS did not look greatly offended at Mr. PARKER : " I do not remem ber that Mr. LEWIS looked greatly offended. His manner throughout the interview was grave and severe; it always is whether he is speaking to me or any one else ; it was exceedingly grave." CRUIK SHANK might paint the Board from these hints. In addition to the thankless task of lecturing the inattentive Mr. NtatoLEs, Sir EDMUND Seems to have been employed to prevent any of the officials in Somerset House from having direct commu nication with the Secretary of State, except himself, Mr. LEWIS, and Mr. LUMLEY. Sir EDMUND arrived in town at an advanced hour in the afternoon of the day when Mr. PARKER bad his celebrated interview with Sir JAMES Gamum. On the score of Mr. Nicholls he felt quite at ease. He has seen Mr. Nicholas at the Home-office, but that was " some time ago "—a two or three years ago." Being told, however, that Mr. PARKER had gone to the Home-office, he immediately rushed thither after him, and " sent in word to say I was there." He came too late. " Sir baths GRAHAM then said with regard to bone-crushing, it was evident there were great objections to it ; and he said, ' Have you the power to put it down ?' and looked to me inquiringly. To which I answered,' I think we have by way of regulating the labour in workhouses.' And I turned to Mr. PARKER, as soliciting his assent to that observation ; and Mr. PARKER assented to it." But Mr. PARKER did more than assent. A letter had been put by him into Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S hands before Sir EDMUND arrived, which showed that the commissioners had asserted the power : " that we had done so after a letter from the medical officer, and I have an im pression that the letter was there; but how it got to the Home-office I cannot tell; I cannot say whether or not Mr. PARKER brought it down." It is remarkable that Sir EDMUND had approved of Mr. PARKER'S proceedings up to that time ; and that almost immediately afterwards, his confidence in Mr. PARKER began to falter. This interview took place on the Bth of August. Two letters from Sir J. GRA nem to Sir EDMUND HEAD were read to the committee by the latter ; one dated 16th September, the other Ist October. In the first letter Sir JAMES states, "I have always contended that one of the duties of your high office is to protect the poor from injury and oppression, when wrong is done to them by local authorities, armed with briefepower, and actuated by petty resentments or corrupt preposses sions ; and no wish to shelter Mr. Parker or palliate past errors, should ;be allowed to interfere with this paramount duty." In the second letter, Sir JAMES again adverts to Mr. PARKER in severe terms. Sir EDMUND admits that Sir JAMES wrote on both occasions in reply to letters from him, but adds that he has not been able to recover his own. This is unlucky. Sir JAMES'S lettere appear to be intended to over-rule wishes expressed by Sir EDMUND to shield Mr. PARKER ; yet Sir EDMUND, at the time his letters were written, was lecturing the inattentive Mr. NICHOLLS on Mr. PARKER'S miscon duct, and instructing the principal clerk to search the records of the Commissioner for matter criminatory of Mr. PARKER. Mr. LEWIS and Sir EDMUND had been alone in the habit of communicating directly with the Home Secretary; they did not always think it neces sary to let Mr. NrcHotts know the object or results of their colloquies with him ; Mr. PARKER is caught having a personal interview with Sir JAMES GRAn.trit, and from that moment, instructions are given to rake up old charges against Mr. PAR KER, and letters are written to Sir JAMES GRAHAM to elicit replies which may have the appearance:of having left the Commissioners no choice but to get rid of Mr. PARKER; Mr. PARKER having been, until he was unlucky enough to enjoy a ate-a-tile with the Home Secretary, so peculiarly trusted by the active Commissioners, that he was employed to get up evi dence against the Gilbert unions, and " cram" Mr. LEWIS preparatory to that gentleman's examination respecting them by the committee of 1844. In a former note upon the minutes of evidence be fore the Andover Union Committee, attention was drawn to the irregularity of one commissioner acting in cases when it was only competent to a board to act, and to the want of regular probative minutes of the board's proceedings. By such conduct the surveillance of public opinion was evaded. By keeping the:llome Secretary from personal communication with any but the two active commissioners, by keeping secret what passed between him and them, and by punishing any one who had the temerity to communicate direct information to him, the minister might be kept as much in the dark as the public. In short, uncon trouled and irresponsible power over the paupers of England was vested in the " grave and severe " com misioner, and in the commissioner who, paper in hand, laboured, but in vain, to impress the memory of the inattentive and irretentive Mr. nclletts with the misdeeds of Mr. PARKER. We have received with our private correspondence the Paris journals of Sunday. The newspapers are occupied with the marriage of the Queen of Spain and her sister. They seem to watch with anxiety the articles published on the sub ject in the Englishjournals, to ascertain the tendency of the feelings of our Government upon that all engrossing topic for France and Spain. The Constitutionnel contains an address signed in the names of the two General Opposition Committees sitting in Paris, by Messrs. Odilon Barrot, Duvergier de Hauranne, Gustave de Beaumont, and Leon de Maleville, to the electors in the country, urging upon them the organisatiok of local committees to watch over the registrations, and to collect all information and documents concerning the elections of deputies. The Heraldo states, that attempts had been made by certain revolutionists to disturb the tranquility of the capital, but that their efforts had completely failed. The same paper states, that the army is henceforth to be composed of 96 battalions of infantry, and 90 battalions of reserve, making a total force of 186 battalions. An exchange of decorations has taken place be tween the French and Belgian governments. Some promotions in the Legion of Honour have also been made in the French army. On the application of the French Cabinet, the Emperor Nicholas has suspended the regulations of an ukase dated July 19, 1843 (which were very dis advantageous to the interests of French navigation), in favour of French ships sailing from the ports of the Ocean for the ports of the Baltic and the White Sea. The Northern Railway is making rapid progress, and its receipts are fast increasing, although it has not been able until now to carry much goods; but since the English mail has been conveyed on this railway it arrives much later in Paris. This arises from the delay on the arrival at the point of junction of the mail from Brussels, and gives rise to many complaints. The British Government should look to this. We learn, in a letter to the Prem., dated lath Aug., from Lalla -Maghrina, that Abd-el-Kader is indefati gable in his endeavours to rouse the Morocco tribes in his favour, and that he has a good chance of succeed ing, as his name is feared and respected. Such is the actual position of Abd-el-Kader in Morocco. He is making preparations for a new war, and has an nounced to all the Algerian tribes that he will appear before Algiers at the head of a powerful army before the Hhamadan. Many of these letters have fallen into the hands of French officers. The letter concludes by saying that the state of the French army in Algeria is anything but satisfactory. We have received the Madrid Rapers of the Ist instant, which are fully engaged in discussing the question of the marriage of the Infanta Luisa with the Duke de Montpensier. On this subject the Clamor Public° has the following : " The important, the real question for the Progressista party, and for all parties desirous of repelling the insidious yoke which the French government would impose on us, is to be found in all its integrity in the combination of the double marriage of the Queen and the infants. It is on this question that the struggle will begin ; a struggle which will be terrible and violent if the men of the French party appeal to force to impose upon us the will of Louis Philippe. The support of Montpensier is the expression of foreign influence, and a direct attack on our independence. His triumph is equivalent to a declaration in the face of the world that the court of the Tuileries commands in Spain; that it disposes at its pleasure of the hand of our Queen, and the destiny of our Infants; that it tunas to its own account our blood and our treasure ; and that, in its ambitious cal culations of family aggrandisement, it reckons upon the chances which may arrive that the child of predilection of the King of the French may be one day either tutor, or regent, or husband of the Queen of Spain. The French government proposes to itself to obtain by means of intrigue and the instruments which it has at its disposition in our country, what the great captain of the age, the conqueror who erected so many thrones. vainly endeavoured to accomplish. The imperial eagle darted openl upon our country, but the ambition of the House of Or leani prefers setting a cunning, Machiavellian policy at work in the dark : a course leas exposed, but safer. And let no one tell us that the influence which France must neces sarily acquire by this marriage will be to our advantage. We are able to show, with history before us, that this power has a direct interest in keeping us in a state of weakness and ignorance ; so that there may always be between the French and Spanish people the difference which separates the master from the slave. This affair is for us a question of honour, of dignity, and of independence, which we will maintain till a h mis placed in our mouths, and the pen taken from The infant Don Francisco d'Assis having been indisposed for the few preceding days, had not yet received the congratulations of the high dig nitaries of the palace, and the officers of the garrison. The new organisation of the infantry is determined on ; it will be composed of 96 battalions, with a reserve of 90 more. According to the Esperan:a, the projected marriage between the Infanta and the Duke de Montpensier, so far from being approved of by the British Cabinet, had given rise to warm discussions between Mr. Bulwer and M. Isturitz. The Tiempo states that there will shortly be a ministerial modification, in consequence of which M. Isturits will be sent as ambassador to London, to replace the Duke de Soto Mayor. The statement that this arrangement had been concluded formed the sub stance of an announcement in the C7ironiele of yenta .. day, which added to the previous account that Gene ral Narvaec would, it was supposed, succeed ..~ _ - M. Istaritx as Prime Minister, and that he was ex pected to return to Madrid in the course of last week. FRANCE.—THE INCENDIARY FIRES.—The French provincial paper, ['Union Libt:rale, reports a fact which took place as far beck as the beginning of last month, but which proves to what a pitch the fury of the exasperated peasants had already arrived, owing to the incendiary fires. The Union affirms that it has the statement from tke mercantile traveller to whom the following happened :--Being called by his affairs into Burgundy, he passed on the 10th August through the little village of Epossee, between Semur and Cussy, left his portmanteau at the inn, and proceeded on foot to different houses in the neighbourhood who trans acted business with the house he travelled for. After paring through different villages he returned to Epoisse. The following day he took his place in the Semur diligence for Avallon, with two other travellers, thus going over the same road he had passed the day before. At half-past four in the morning, a band of armed peasants stopped the carriage, near the village of Toutry, and on perceiving the traveller cried out, " That is the incendiary "c'est lui ''c'est le brigand ."' and many other flattering epithets. Before he had time to say a word, they seized him by the collar, dragged him out of the carriage, took him before the mayor by way of form, but would not allow him to listen to the protestations of the un fortunate traveller, but decided at once that he should be put to death. The only question was how to make him suffer most. The women, who in such matters generally outdo the men in fury and invention, proposed the punishment inflicted on Abelard, and to hang him afterwards. The idea was greatly approved of but it was finally decided that he s h ou ld be burnt, and the sentence was proclaimed whilst the prisoner sat mute and resigned, the women and children spitting at him, fully aware that the least resistance on his part would be instant death. He was on the point of being dragged off to the stake when two gendarmes, who were on their round and had heard that a person had been arrested, made their appearance, succeeded with great difficulty in taking his out of the hands of the peasants and conveyed him before the Procureur du Red at Semur, who immediately set him at liberty. FRENCH EPISCOPACY.—The Catholic Church of France is at present divided into 15 archbishoprics and 66 bishoprics, including that of Algiers. Amongst the dignita ries who at this moment fill these different sees, there is only one whose nomination dates as far back as the period of the consulate—being Cardinal de la Tour d'Auvergne, bishop of Arras, who was consecrated May 16, 1802. All the arch bishops end bishops named by the imperial government have disappeared. There are only 11 remaining who were named under the restoration. The government of July has ap pointed the 14 archbishops and 55 bishops, or 69 out of 81. The senior of the French prelates, with regard to appoint ment, is therefore the Bishop of Arras, who has held his high dignity for more than 44 years. The oldest prelate is Mons. de Pons, bishop of Moulins, who is now in his 88th year. The Catholic Church of France has only two cardi nals, Mons. de Bonald, archbishop of Lyons, and Mons. de la Tour d'Auvergne, bishop of Arras. BELGIUM.—OFFICIAL EDUCATION.—The mode in which capacities arc trained, and proved, in Belgium, as in Germany, for the public service, is practically exemplified by the following notification, which may be usefully reco r d e d here for the information an d edification of governmental and legislative authority.—" Public Notice. The minister of foreign affairs (at Brussels) begs to remiad those interested that, conformably with the decree of June 8, 1842, the in scriptions of persons who desire to pass the examination as to their qualifications foi the rank of secretary of legation, must be made either in person at the secretarial of the ministry, or by letter addressed to the ministry of foreign affairs. The list of inscriptions must contain the surnames, Christian names, place of birth, and domicile of the candi dates. The list will be closed twenty days before the open ing of the session (for examination), say Wednesday the 30th of September, the session commencing the third Tuesday in October." In this country secretaries of legation, and even ministers plenipotentiary, are made with much less trouble and ceremony. A maiden speech in Parliament, or it may be a patrician title, is often deemed su ffi cient qua lifi c ation for conferring and t aking the degree. PORTUGAL.—A royal decree was published in Lisbon on the 27th ult., announcing various new financial measures. The fact of the existence of an enormous deficit is stated, and at the same time it is admitted that the impo sition of new taxes on industry is impracticable. In order to enable the government to keep faith with the national creditor, a Mill of 2,209 cantos is necessary. To raise this, it is proposed to impose a new decima-tax on all salaries paid servants of the state, civil and military, for one year. These salaries are already subject to a decima-tax, so that with the new tax they will be subject to an income-tax of 20 per cent. It is likewise proposed, as mentioned in our money article, to impose an income-tax of 20 per cent. on the interest paid on the foreign debt, and a tax of an additional decima on the interest of the internal debt, which will be equivalent to a deduction of 20 per cent. on the in terest of the whole of the national debt. There is also to be some slight reduction made in the civil list. The general effect of these measures will be to reduce the general expen diture of the country 20 per cent., by deducting that amount hem all payments made by the Treasury. The wool, the 'rink° verdi, and the new salt-tax are abolished. They pressed heavily on the people, and scarcely paid the expenses of collection. A further delay of forty days has been granted to the Bank and Confiancee Company for the resumption of cash payments. GERMANY.—FRONTIERS OF GALICIA, AUGUST 20. " For a few days previous to the movement of the peasants near Dembitza ' all sorts of rumours were afloat concern i ng the state of Galicia, causing great anxiety to the in habitants. The peasants who have been arrested declared that a Jew who had spread the report among them that the nobles intended taking revenge on them for the late disasters, and that is why they attacked the Castle of Walga. The reports agree that the threatening attitude of the nobles towards the pea ants and the Germans had exasperated the peasants. These latter, in an address to the authorities of Tarnow, style themselves the best defenders of the country.—ithenisA Observer. FROM THE ELBE, AUGUST 26.—The cabinet of Copenhagen is said to have proposed to the King of Prussia to grant him the free navigation of the Baltic, provided he would remain neuter in the question of the duchies. Russia, it is said, supported the proposition, but Prussia refused. VIENNA.--Count Seldnitzky has been appointed Director of the College of Censorship. BERLIN, AUGUST 30.—The financial crisis at Berlin is becoming more complicated every day. The railway shares arc selling at the present moment at 40 per cent. below par. The funds themselves have fallen 7 per cent. A petition bearing 1,500 signatures of mercantile men has been addressed to the King, to entreat him, owing to the depres sion of the market and the financial disorder produced by wild and unbounded speculation in railway shares, not to grant any new concessuons, and to prohibit the companies from making fresh calls for enterprises where not more than 20 per cent. has been invested. It is very probable that this latter demand will be granted. As regards the first, before the petition was sent in, the king had already decided on not granting say more concessions. This state of things will, it is presumed, cause the government to take upon itself the execution of the railway between Berlin and Konigsberg. It is even said that negotiations have been already entered into with M. Rothschild for raising a loan for that purpose. The Austrian government is also negotiating a loan for the construction of railways. The General Protestant Synod of Prussia, which opened on June 2, closed on the 30th ult., after having held 56 sittings. Out of 35 subjects which have come under its consiieration, only seven have been decided on. It has declared as to the sanctity of the oath—has expressed a wish that pastors and ecclesiastical superintendents should be relieved from a part of the admi nistrative functions imposed on them—has declared that there is no necessity to submit young men who aspire to be some ecclesiastics to preparatory studies different from those followed by the students of other faculties—has decided on forming a fund to provide pensions for ecclesiastics—has de termined that is the ordination of preachers there shall be required of them an oath to maintain the unity and purity of their dogmas, the maintenance of the union between the Lutherans and the other reformers, and, in fine, the exten sion of the ecclesiastical constitution of the six eastern pro vinces of the kingdom. The three last questions alone occupied 38 sittings. The Synod will be again convoked by the king in the course of next year. AUGUST 31.—The Allgendene Pruss. Zeitung con tains the following notice : "Conformably to the regulations under No. 5 of his Ma jesty's cabinet order of the 18th of July, this year, respecting the participation of private persons in the bank, we declare the subscriptions to be closed. " Berlin, Sept. 1, 1846. "BOTHER VON DUESBERO." KIEL, SEPT. 2.—A placard was posted up to-day by the police at the corners of the streets, calling on the citizens not to permit their servants or children to go out after eight o'clock at night, and prohibiting groups of more than three persons ; notwithstanding which considerable numbers of people assembled this evening, as they did yes terday, singing the sone of " Schleswitt-Holstein Ideerum echlimgn,".and paraded the streets ; but hitherto (ten o'clock in the evening) and appear entirely to disperse, after an appren tice, who had been arrested by the police, bad been Messed. The public are certainly indebted to the cautious and humane conduct of the military and the police.— Universal Prussian Gazette. BADEX, AUGUST 28.—The Second Chamber of the °rani Du chy of Baden has signed an agreement with a Zurich company for the formation of a railroad from Bade to Waldshut on the Baden territory, and thence across the Rhine to Zurich. A PRINCE KILLED IN A DDEL.—GRATZ (STYRIA), Auo. 21.—Owing to an altercation which took place at a ball between the Prince of Tour and Taxis, Lieut.-Col. of Hussars, and Capt. Schnedt, of the Infantry, a meeting with pistols took place, and the former was killed on the spot, having received the bullet of his adversary in the breast. The event caused a painful sensation at Orals. The Prince of Tour and Taxis, of the illustrious family of the same name, was only 36 years of age, and universally esteemed for his amiable qualities. POLAND.—WARSAW, Ann. 28.—An imperial or donnance has just been rublished at Warsaw, relative to the abolishing of the corvem.—Art. 1. The peasants of towns and villages who cultivate at least an acre of land shall, in future, as long as they fulfil their obligations, enjoy the pro duce thereof ; and the proprietors have not the right to expel them, nor to take their land from them, nor to increase their obligations. The cultivators may leave one domain for another, 'provided they give three months notice, and adhere to the police regulations.—Art. 2. The landlord is bound within two years at the outside, to have the land thus abandoned occupied by other peasants, and he may not in corporate those lands to the so termed Vorwerks Grand stucke (private property.)—Art. 3. All carries established on private domains, and which were not establi law, are to be abolished, dating [vim the Ist oraZathe land under the direction of th e of d , s and as regards land on lease anterior toi 1846, et the expiration of the lease.—Art. 4. To, termination to the difficulties between the lord' sant, the present system of proceeding, which w etry, is to be aboli s h e d b y new and legal ra i t l i i :ime the government calla upon the authc that the obligations of the peasant to his lane exceed the rightful claims established before .1 They are also to see strict justice rendered in lit tween lord and peasant.—Art. 6. The author afford their protection to those proprietor who long leases to the peasants; but such leans m submitted to the superior authorities designated vernment.—Art. 6. The proprietors of domains c and of lands belonging to colleges and other sot of a district, are to maintain the peasants on the 1 out imposing upon them any new obligations, un contained in legal documents, and the competent are to give their decision in such matters.—Giv saw, the 7th June, 1846. Signed, Nicuol.es, Ea King, and by the Minister of State. SWITZERLAND. - CESSION OP TERRITOI count, from Geneva state that the Valley of 1 been ceded to France by the Canton de Vaud, for 300,000 francs. The contract of sale must be rati Swiss Diet. The inhabitants do not object to as they will continue to enjoy an exemption bon duties COLONIAL. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. The South African Commercial Advertiser June adds little to the intelligence contained in I received on the 20th of August, beyond corroborat indecisiveness of the affair with the Kaffir, on t June, near Fort Peddle. The Kaffir', frustrate) attempt to intercept the communication between I and Graham's Town, had retired beyond the Ki They remained in force on the west of that rirer, people along the coast, with the exception of his if having joined them. An extensive petrole from shire hail reconnoitred the hill country at the sours Mancazama and Amahola (about 30 miles to the Fort Peddle), on the 4th, sth, and 6th of June. 1 in command reported that the Kaffir* were occum natural fastnesses in great numbers, and had cope cattle there, There had been a sharp skirmish of June in the Zuurrberg (about 30 miles from quarters at Graham's 'Gown—or the same distan west of it that Fort Peddle is to the east) between t and a detachment of one hundred colonial troop these facts it appears that the Kaffirs are still as.* force on the east and on the north of the capit eastern provinces and present headquarters of the distances not exceeding 40 miles ; that the strong co 30 miles in the rear of Graham's Town is infested I tory bands of Kaffir', and that the British troops, victorious whenever they can bring the enemy to a fight, can neither clear the colony of them, nor adv . Kaffirland, and by a home blow put an end to the etc emit ROYAL VICTORIA AND ALBERT YA( PENZANCE, SEPT. 5. —Her Ma j esty and Albert, and the royal suit e , l e ft Falmou th at 8 o'clo this morning, and proceeded in the royal yacht rc Lizard Point, and on to the Land's End, passing r " Long Ship Rocks" into Sennen Cove. The ya retraced her steps into Mount's Bay, and anchors Michael's Mount, in Mount's Bay, at halt-past one In the afternoon, her Majesty and the Prince wen Penzance Harbour in the Fairy. Prince Albert hu inspected the tin-smelting works at Penzance, and • the whole process. Afterwards, H. R. Highness vi a Geological Museum of Cornwall, and then proceeds Fairy to inspect a copper mine on the eastern sid bay. Mr. Richard Taylor, mineral agent to Ili Duke of Cornwall, was in attendance on H.R. High' FALMOUTH, SUNDAY, 7 P.M.—Her gracious 11 has just again taken this port for her resting place, this moment come in in the Victoria and Albert and salutes from the garrison and her Majesty's packer Her Majesty arrived at Penzance from hence at 3 Saturday. Shortly after, the Queen with Prince A the Fairy took a circuit of St. Michael's Mount, wl the way, it is stated that it is the royal purp os e to p from the St. Aubyn family. Subsequently Prim.' landed, accompanied by Lord Palmerston and Taylor, Esq., and remained on shore two hour Garland was despatched at six this morning from P to Scilly, but the Victoria and Albert left at 2 P.M. mouth, and arrived here at 7 P.M. The Mayor is o to receive the commands of her Majesty as to the pro of to-morrow. THE ROYAL ARRANGEMENT A.—lt appears fr of f icial communication which reached Windsor this It that a complete change has just taken place in the a merits which had been made with reference to the p the return of the Court to the Castle; the second October, or the first week at the earliest, having h time originally fixed upon for the arrival of her Ma the Royal residence. The Queen and the Prince f accompanied by the Royal family, are now expected t 3 here on the 15th inst., in the event of its being pose the numerous workmen engaged upon the extensive and alterations at the Castle being enabled to complet labours by that period. During the short visit of the which will not, it is stated, be extended beyond a wee days, her Majesty will entertain her R.H. the Prim Prussia as her guest at the Castle. Amongst the royal and distinguished visitors to the Queen will Majesty the Queen Dowager, the Duke and Duch Cambridge, the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand D of Meeklenburgh-Strelitz, Prince Edward of Saxe-1V his Excellency the Prussian Minister and Madame I the Countess Haack, Viscountess Barrington, Count P Baron Witzleben, the Earl of Denbigh, &c. Arran( have been making for some time past for a grand cat ment to be given by her Majesty, at Osborne-hoi Friday, the 25th inst. A large quantity of carpets am descriptions of furniture have been forwarded from NV to the Isle of Wight, to be used upon that occask military band, and also her Majesty's private band of clans, have been commanded to be in attendance o day. We believe we may state that the grand fete ir Lion will be given by the Queen to celebrate her Ma having taken up her abode at Osborne-house, as the i residence of the sovereign. The workmen at the Cas now pursuing their labours night and day (especi those portions of the royal residence where the works progress connected with a new and extensive systr drainage), in order that the Castle may be rendered ii state for the reception of the court by the 15th instant the event, however, of any unexpected delay taking p these arrangements, the court will remain in the I Wight until the 26th instant (the day after her Ms contemplated fete at Osborne-hone), and then lea Windsor. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Prima tended by her suite, left Cashiobury Park, Herts, yes morning, and travelled to town by the London and Western Railway, arriving at the Euston-square ter at eleven o'clock. His Excellency the Chevalier R Prussian minister, the Earl of Denbigh, and Witzlebcw, received the Princess upon her arrival. party proceeded to the Tower of London, where the Pi was conducted through all the different offices and d meats. Her Royal Highness embarked from the Tor the Childe Harold, and passed down the river to vie Thames Tunnel, Greenwich, and Woolwich. The party , returned up the river as far as the New Pal Westminster, and Lambeth Palace, and then proceo Hungerford, where the Princess and suite disemln Her Royal Highness afterwards left Euston-square ter at six o'clock on her return to Cashiobury Park. Ai dent occurred to her Royal Highness as she was pr inn to the Tower, the horses of her carriage slippe fell in crossing from King William-street into East ( and a considerable time elapsed before they could be cats& The Earl of Denbigh and Count Puckler, win in a carriage preceding, immediately alighted, si the Princess and the Countess /leach, who was with he of the carriage, and conducted them into the office National Benevolent Society, where the royal party I nearly a quarter of an hour, till the carriage was read] the meantime the Prussian Minister arrived and slights conversed with the Princess for a few minutes, who su the window apparently astonished at the crowd which er assembled in that great thoroughfare. The splendid 1 (belonging to the Queen Dowager), which attracted attention, escaped with a few bruises. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and I)uchei Cambridge, accompanied by the Hereditary Grand and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg Strelitz, left they dence at Kew yesterday on a visit to her Majesty the G Dowager at Cashiobury Park. Earl Grey returned to town yesterday from a to the Earl and Countess of Clarendon at Grove Herts. Sir John Pelly had an interview with the nob] at the Colonial-office. A deputation, including Mr. T. Mr. Aglionby, and Mr. Harrington, had also an inter with his lordship yesterday. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Lady 3 Wood left Grove Park, Herts., yesterday, on a visit Duke and Duchess of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, Bee] shire. Despatches were received yesterday at the Col Office front the Governor of Gibraltar. HER MAJESTY IN JERSEY. We find in the Jersey Herald of Friday, a full report of the Queen's visit to that island. As the I her arrival there, and of her departure, was mention our paper of yesterday, it is unnecessary to reprint tltu ticulan at any length, but a few paragraphs may perha interesting. It appears that immediately upon the rl of authentic intelligence that her Majesty would my visit Jersey, every exertion was made to carry out the of the Committee of the States, assisted by various y committees and individuals. A committee of ladies wa formed. Seats were erected throughout the whole esti' the promenade on the New Harbour, for the acoommU of at least six thousand persons, and the covered nearest the landing place at the pier head elegantly fitted up and ornamented, was cow into a pavilion for her Majesty during the sentation of the addresses. Triumphal arches were ei and tastefully decorated with flowers, mottoes, and bearing the words " Welcome," " Long live our Qu " Dieu protige la Reins," &c. These decorations we confined to those parts of the island through which the cortege was likely to pass; but were to be met with gen throughout the country, parishes. On Wednesday Lite the squadron was in sight, and thousands flocked t heights commanding the bay of St. Addles ; at Liz o THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1848. •