The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-03 00:00:00

CITY LECTURE THEATRE, Miltaa-street, rimoury+qty,re.—A GRAND EYK.NINO CONCERT will take f i ee on MONDAY NEXT , Dec . 7, at the above Theatre. supported the following distinguished Artidor : —Mime A. and Si. Williams, • ss Thornton, Mire A. Hindi., Mr. Rafter, Mr. Leffler, Mr. T. Wile ULIIV, Mr. J. D. Collet, and Mr. John Parry.—To commence at half past Eicht prods,. ely.—Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, la. bd.; Gallery, 19 . Mr. FieM has kindly given up the Tbeatro on this evening for the above purpne. lie mill continue to give his F.ntertainment every Monday and Wedneaday t lil further ETHIOPIAN SERENAI)ERS.—ST. JAMES'S TIiRATRE.—The celebrated Ethiopian Serenaders, Pell, Har rington, White, Stanwood, and tormsn, whose entertainments last meson atthe et. James's Theatre were so eminently successful, and whose recent performances in the PTOViIIOOII have been attended with unexampled success, will have the honour of resuming their entertain. meat at the above theatre on TUESDAY EVENING, December 15, and of continuing the same every Tuesday, Thuniday, and Saturday evenings, during the Cbristrniur holidays.—Tlie Public is respectfully cautioned that the Songs and Melodies, as sung by the above party at the St. James's Theatre, are published only at . Mr. Mitchell's Library, 39, Old B o nd-street. None others are authentic. Nt. James's Theatre, December 1, IS t 6. 0-t MAILS. Tb, overland trails for Gibraltar, Malta, Oreece, the lonian Islam* Eypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, and China, rio Soutaampton, will be made up on the morning of the :70th Deceniber. The mails for Banda North America, Bermuda, and the Cited States, will be made up on the eveniag of the 3tl January. The West India mails, excluding those for Mexico, Honduras, and the ilavannah, will be made up on the morning of the 18th December. The mails for the Brazils, the River Plate, Monte Video, Pernam buco, Rains, Malcira, and Buenos AyreS will be dispatched on the evening of the ith Ikeerober (to-morrow)illes, to the Mediterranean , The overland cleeed mails, yin Marse Egypt. Aden, Ceylon, India, Hong Emig, Dee., will be made up on the evening of the 7th December. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, wit he made up on the morning of the 18th December. The maik for New South Wales, Van Ihemcn's LAnd, and New Zealand will be made up on the evening of the 31st December. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Ws cannot notice, in any way, any communication that Is eent to us anonymously: but those who choose to address us in confidence will find their confidence respected. NLITHERCP , N WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MA.NUSCRIPTtt W I tATEVER. Advertisements Intended or The Eapress, London eroung paper, mug be at the Mee by Two o'clock on the day of publication. NIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tan Mr.—Nonni*, 44 non. put 1; Afternoon, 4 ann. pest 2. To-aun.now.—Morning, 26 min. pod 2; Afternoon, 49 ann. peat 2. LONDON, THURSDAY, DEC. 3. Is Lord lIARDINGE laid himself open to the re proach of want of foresight in the ,Iveat outburst of the Sikhs over the Sutledge, and of not employing means of prevention and precaution to avoid the risks and losses of his four great battles, the governor-gene ral seems at least determined to expose his character no more to any such accusation. For certainly the most prompt succour and interference that diplomacy and arms could afford, were instantly employed to remove and overcome the dangers of a Cashmere war. The danger was indeed imminent, threatening not the mere revolt of a province, isolated and rendered almost impregnable by nature ; but, as we observed on the occasion of the List mail, rendering a league of the Mahommedan chiefs of the hills and fortresses, ex tending from Cashmere to Cabool, no improbable conjuncture. GOOLAIS SINGIi was, therefore, enabled to move his whole force against the rebellious province, our troops not only occupying his capital, but the posts in his rear. At the same time, an English diplomatic agent was despatched to the rebellious SCIIEIK, with most favourable offers ; and that chief, who could have hoped nothing but vengeance and confiscation from Geol.?, is, seems glad to resign himself to our protection. Whether in this Lord iIAnDINGE has not carved out for himself more work to do, more difficulties, remains to be seen. An evening contemporary, ministerial too, seems to think that the British have hostile in tentions towards Goof. tin, and that such a large force could not have entered his hills without a view of mastering Jummoo and setting aside the treaty. We sincerely hope that this is not the case. Our altering the first arrangement, and substituting a second far more favourable to us, had no very para mount excuse. If we are now to substitute a third, we shall be treating the princes of the Punjab worse than those of Scinde, and shall open the way to in terminable wars. In this little campaign the Sikhs seemed to have behaved well and faithfully. TEJ SING. is accused of having stopped at Bimber, but the great Resit:ET stopped there too, and was deterred from proceeding further against Cashmere by the difficulties of the road. Instead of suspicions and exclamations of and against Sikh treachery, we are rather struck by the singular fact of Sikh divisions acting in the field with British, and with the same military arms. We must wait, however, for a further development of Lord HARDINGE'S policy - , before we tax it with either imprudence or bad faith. His clever, though somewhat dangerous " assortment " of native antago nistic interests in juxtaposition, is an inheritance, we suspect, from the Faceted States policy of the Marquis of 11 tsrisic.s. We could wish to have seen that policy (lucidly illustrated as it is in the last edition of his famous "Summary " of his administration) more closely and successfully followed out, than, in some particulars, it would appear to have been under the last two or three " Supreme Governments," with regard to Nepaul. No part of Lord HASTINGS' admi rable scheme of antagonistic conservatism, if we may so designate the masterly system on which he con trived to render the conflicting pretensions of many native powers subservient to the maintenance of general peace and British supremacy in India—was more successful than that which alarmed, tamed, and thwarted the vindictive designs of the Court of Khat mandoo. The Nepaulese authorities of 1821-2 were not less hostile to the British Government and people than those of 1848; not more sanguinary in their feuds, nor more scandalous or shameless in their intrigues. But they were at least restrained and disciplined into some observance of decorum, as well as of diplomatic courtesy, by British personal or other influence then stationary within their moun tainous country, which appears no longer to be felt there. Now, whilst extensive operations on our north-western frontiers continue to absorb so largely , as they have done for some time, our effective mili tary force, the geographical position, and the inimi cal feeling of the Nepaulese render it always a matter of extreme solicitude from the northernmost district ct Bengal to Calcutta itself that they should be kept in sufficient check and on " orderly terms." We trust this necessity has not escaped the vigilance of the Deputy Governor of India. The commercial aspect of the news from India is not very encouraging. We observe with re gret that money is scarce, interest very high, the price of public securities rather declining. The native merchants in the Bombay market complain that there is little or no cash wherewith to get their bills dis counted, and the exchange is rising fast against the merchants of Calcutta and Madras. This is aggravated by a Government loan, not filled up, and hang ing heavily about the market. The sole necessity for an operation so inauspicious to the buoyancy ot the public or Government credit in India, which it is all important to maintain at its highest pitch, is uni versally said to be the exigencies of our Scinde con quest., and its incessant draw upon the funds of the Indian Treasury. THE farmers of Norfolk assume, and not unrea sonably, that they occupy the foremost rank in their art. Norfolk husbandry is the husbandry to which farmers in other counties are taught to look as the pattern for imitation. And, unquestionably, that county presents a higher standard of cultivation, taking its average farmers, than any other county of England. In Norfol k, too, there are, perhaps, more tenant farmers of large capital than are to be found elsewhere. Here, then, we may expect to find the greatest amount of independence and public spirit amongst the farmers. We know that there is no district in which so large a proportion of the occu piers of land feel galled alike by the social position and industrial disadvantages to which landlord domi nation and its cons e quences have tied the farmers. But though they chaff and fret in private, and in - their own circles, they seem to shrink from that open, • earnest, and continuous assertion of their own views and their own claims which is absolutely necessary, if they mean to emancipate themselves from their present semi-feudal condition. They must not only think for themselves, but they must also act. They must be content not merely to act without the co-operation of the landholders, but notwithstanding the cold looks, and probably in spite of the opposition of the class of proprietors. To a certain extent farmers are doing this in detail. Individually, and here and there in associations, they are demanding that security of tenure without which they have no assurance of reaping where they have sown, and which is as essen tial to the national welfare as to the interests of the farmers. But there is too generally a want of breadth and boldness in their assertion of their r i ghts. Each ----__-- man looks too exclusively at his own particular case, and if he can escape, or evade, or obtain the pallia tion of an evil common to his class, he is content with such petty advantages, and abstains from all public cooperation with his fellows. So again farmers allow ; themselves to be unduly acted upon by prices. Let prices be high, no matter from what cause, and nine : tenths of the farmers fold their arms, and resign themselves to the pleasing anticipation that such prices are to be permanent ; on the other band, when prices fall, they are apt to sink into the depths of despair. ln fact, hitherto, agricultural distress, a parliamentary inquiry, and a new corn law, have eu the ordinary sequences of a period of low prices. All such delusions are now at an end. Farmers have learnt a first step towards self-dependence, that there can be no more special legislation on their be balL And they fairly enough say, let us also be relieved from our special burdens. To effect any publicrpo however, they must exhibit far more of spirit and energy than they have yet shown. The recent movement upon the sabjEct of the malt tax, which has taken place in Norfolk, illustrates this. We do not mean to enter into th e permanent policy of ; retaining the malt duty, or the practicability of its speedy removal; but there is no doubt it is a public question into which farmers, especially in barley and hop-growing districts, have embarked more of feeling and earnestness than any other. It is remarkable I also that, from the agitation of the malt-tax repeal the landed proprietors carefully stand aloof. ey have the vision of a property tax as the result of its success, and they discountenance the demand for re peal of the malt duty aboat which their tenants are so anxious. Two meetintre upon the subject few weeks sine, held in Norfolk, at , which the tenant-farmers mustered in considerable force ; ad a third meetng has more recently been held Lynn. At n i ne of these meetings did any landowners of mark attend, and at least as much was said about the general grievances of farmers, griev ances of which they claim redress from their landlords, —as about the repeal of the malt tax. The last meeting, though respectably was thinly attended. Mr. IderrimonE, one of the deputation from the Total Repeal Malt Tax Association, put the question upon the broad ground that the tax forms a bar to agricultural improvement, saying: The malt tag was the greatest impediment of all to improvements in agriculture ; it stood at the very threshold of any increase.' supply of bread and meat to the people ; and the farmers would not do their duty to the people If they allowed the tax to continue. As a farmer, he stood there to demand to be permitted the free use of hi, own produce in the way most desirable for his wen interest, by which he could supply the public markets, increase the produce of and add to the demand for labour. The tax wa n a g reat impediment to the culti cation of the land. The foundation of all good farming was r rot, crop, and stock forming. In the county of Norfolk the greatest im provements in farming had originated, and in that county were to be found the beat cultivation, the best foo d, and the greatest employment for the population. And after arguing the question on its merits at con siderable length, he said : The way to remedy such evils was to speak to their representatives, and compel them to do it. Ile would have them speak respect fully, but firmly, to their members. Ile did not wish members to be coerced. Ile would urge upon them the necessity of selecting such persons for their representatives as would support the measure which they were then met to consider. And there can be no doubt that until the farmers can thus act upon the legislature, their claims will receive but little attention. It needs no prophet to predict, that now the corn-law illusion is over we shall hear of no "farmers' friends" amongst that section of politicians who once arrogated to themselves that title. The following remarks of the editor of the Norwich Mercury, than whom nobody better knows the Norfolk farmers, upon the thin attendance at the Lynn meeting, point to some of the circumstances we have suggested as causes of apathy amongst farmers : We believe that the absence of the tenantry is neither attributable to this feeling nor to their want of interest, nor to a belief in the MOB- racy of the proposition —but simple to the effect of prier. No one is more governed by price than the Norfolk farmer -glee him but a fete ' shillings' adrance, or even as much so is generally eonsidertsl a fair average, and however he may have been suffering under the fear of, or from actual low markets , he is c ontent with his present lot, and but too often Pares the future 11 take rare of itself. Here were at leant from two to three hundred fanners, of all shades of political opinions, within fifty yards of the meeting--and yet Turley, at from twenty-two to twenty-four shillings per ecomb, with about a third of a crop, was fully sufficient to make them shut their eyes to the evils which they themselves have more than once loudly declared to be deeply injuriewi to their best interests. It has been often averted that the only way to the understanding of the fanner is through his pocket, and looking bark to the period between 1/121 and 18214, and contmsting the meetings of these and later years with the apathy ex emplified on Tuesday, it cannot be denied that that assertion has been made upon good grounds. In the report of a meeting held at Norwich, by the farmers and graziers, to protest against an increase of charge for the conveyance of cattle to London, which was very numerously attended, the same feeling pre vailed. The pocket was touched, and an immediate movement was the result. Now we do say the farmers were unwise to resist the imposition of charges on the carriage of their cattle, if they deemed them too high ; but they must not confine their efforts to such small objects. 'Agitate against the high tariff of a railway company, which may yearly impose on each occupier a few pounds too much, if they please ; but let them not disregard and submit to customs and systems by which, at the mere caprice of their land lords, they may be mulct of Hundreds of pounds. WE have received the second edition of an excellent pamphlet by Mr. EDWARD SWAINE , a Member of the Congregational Board of Education, and a zealous advocate of voluntaryism, who earnestly advocates the interference of the state as the authorised instructor of the people. His exposure of the statistical fallacies of Mr. E. BAlsEs is complete; but Mr. SWAINE leaves untouched the capital error in these statistics, which is, that they have nothing at all to say to the matter in issue. Supposing him to have proved that there is abundance of school accommodation in England, he has no more proven that there is no want of national education than if he had argued, from the amount of table accommodation in Ireland, that no want of food could be felt in that country. Schools are not in struction, and tables are not dinners. In the present aspect of the question, quality is a far more important question than quantity, for if the education given, either in whole or in part, be not merely defective, but posi tively bad, the numbers of which Mr. BAINF.S makes such boast are evidences not of good but of evil. State interference is invoked, not so much to surely as to direct and to control ; not to supersede what us doing, but to perform what is left undone. This in terference is not claimed as a boon, it is asked as a right ; a right flowing from the relations in which every civilised state must stand to a civilised com munity. Mr. SwAINE grounds his advocacy of at ate inter ference with national education on two plain prin ciples: that it is the duty of the state t o protect the public peace, and equally its duty to advr ,nce the public weal. The state, therefore, has a right , and is bound by a duty, to superintend all functional. ; .es who are con cerned in the maintenance of the nation's tranquillity and the advancement of the natior 's welfare. Now the schoolmaster 18 a public futr c ti o nary, whether the state recognises him as such cr not. He has the direction of the elements by whirl i the future weal or woe of society is irrevocably Pre' lestined and prede termined. He does not make Ll' .e laws, but he moulds the minds by which laws are m ade. No man can be insensible to the immense gra- .vth of the influence — we might almost say the ascen d anc y —of public opinion over legislation, wi• JIM the last twenty or thirty years, but it is by t he schoolmaster that the moulds are supplied in va ;ich opinions are cast; he acts en society and for awl Ay: it is therefore palpably absurd that society shouli be indifferent to his actions. As the schoolmaster is, to ust be, and cannot help being a public functionary, the :re is nothing unreasonable in requiring that he she ;uld be recognised as such; his social position • must be anomalous if it be not determmarl by, his social position, and it is because he now ho ;ds an anomalous place that his functions are so oftt n perver t e d. The voluntary s 7 'stem is inapplicable to education, because education itself is inv;.luntary. The circum stances surround .ing childhood, which the child itself has not created and cannot remove, as certainly in fluence and for n the mind as soil and climate deter mine the grow th of a plant. The child cannot control the moral at mosphere which is the aliment of its mental exist Rare ;—it is not always, nay it is very rarely, in the power of the parents. No one ever pr7osed .hat physical existence should be left to the un ivideil control of voluntary action ; why, then, is such a claim made for mental and moral existence ? A vol untary administration of education is no better than a voluntary administration of law, and we tr re not quite satisfied with schoolmasters fashioned after the pattern of Judge LENEE. We know Wit there are some such; and Ma. BAINES might know many more if he ever turns from blue books to what is passini c every day in the living and moving world abrJut him. The schoolmaster is not °ray a public functionary, but hr. is a member of the hierarchy of the state, bece.uae the state is nothing more than society itself represented in its final. capacity for the purpose of 16, THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 1846. maintaining social rights and preventing social wrongs. There is a social right and there is a social wrong in education. He, therefore, who is entrusted with its superintendepee is an offioer of state, whether we call him so or not ; and we hold it to be the first principle of good government, that responsibility should attach itself to every office and to every officer of the state administration. Theortant position of the schoolmaster in the social economy, requires that he should be qualified to discharge the serious duties entrusted to his care. Everybody is ready to assent to this proposition ; but, unfortunately, most people are satisfied with mere assent, as if it were a mere abstraction of no practical concern. But, if it be desirable that the qualifications of the schoolmaster should be ascertained, it is obvious that the task of ascertaining them must devolve upon somebody. It does not devolve upon the Church, because the schoolmaster is not a functionary of the Church; it cannot be adequately performed by any voluntary association, because, that such an association should adequately perform its duties, the confidence reposed in it should be co-extensive with the limits of the nation, and in that case it is identical with the state itself ; and to entrust the duty to a number of separate volunteer associations formed by chance, and held together by caprice, would be to render educa tion an element of faction and an incentive to party. The state, of which the schoolmaster is the func tionary, has the sole right to prescribe his qualifica tions, and with that right we can find no discoverable expediency which interferes. The extent and amount of this interference are mere questions of detail ; we do not disguise either from ourselves or our readers that a stnet and perfectly efficient system of superintendence, after centuries of absolute indifference, is not very easy of attainment. But it is no reason for doing nothing, that we cannot accomplish everything. If we wait for a scheme of theoretical perfection, we shall have to submit to Fears of practical misdoing. Let us then direct our inquiry to the amount of good which we may not unreasonably expect, and not to the possible quantity which we may be permitted to desire. If government went no further than establishing a tribunal, before which such as pleased might offer themselves to be examined to prove their capacity for teaching, and that the judges should have the power to give certificates of competency to those who proved themselves deserving, no one, we presume, could say that such a measure would be inconsistent with the voluntary principle, though unquestionably it would be an act of state interference. It would not, indeed, give the public the same security as is ac corded in the case of surgeons and apothecaries, but it is probable that it would do so in time. Good teachers would be induced, by emulation and com petition, to give public proof of their capabilities ; parents would demand to see their diplomas before entrusting them with their children ; and uncertifi cated schoolmasters would soon be reduced to the position of uncertificated bankrupts : and no other position ought they ever to have occupied. Government should provide a model school for the industrial and commercial education of the middle classes—for those who want to be assisted in the charge of instruction, but who neither want nor wish that it should be offered to them gratuitously. A model is wanting, because in England there does not exist any school which could be taken as such; and any school established by private enterprise would want the influence and authority necessary to render it an example. It appears that a private association is about to be formed for the purpose of constituting a board to examine schoolmasters, and grant the proper certificates of qualification. This is as complete a usurpation of the functions of government as if a society had been formed to examine the qualifications of military officers with the intention of entrusting the defence of the country to a volunteer force. The fact, however, that such a proposal has been made, and has found favour, sufficiently proves that the evils of inefficient and improper schoolmasters is generally felt, and that the country is prepared to receive an adequate remedy. We need not repeat what we have often said on the necessity of authoritative supervision and inspection ; in the Irish system it is practically found that the inspectors are even more important than the school masters. A precedent has been set, in the ease of factories, for compulsory inspection and registration ; so that the proposal is not liable to the objection of being an- English ; an objection which simply means that England should be the only nation under heaven -with perhaps the exceptions of China and Japan — to profit by the experience of its neighbours. The Polish question and its consequences continue to engross almost exclusively the Paris journals of Tuesday. It is impossible to witness the unanimity with which the political necessity of the re-establish ment of the English alliance is enforced from day to day by organs of the press most opposed on other points, and the anxiety on the same subject expressed everywhere in society, and especially in the financial circles, without feeling a profound conviction that this great international object must ere long he realised. Ilow this realisation may be brought about it would be hamrdous even to conjecture, so much must depend upon circumstances and even tualities, but so prevalent is the opinion of its expediency, not to say' absolute necessity, :n France, that the party itself which supports the present Minister of Foreign Affairs would be recon ciled to his retirement if such a personal sacrifice could be rendered the mans of appeasing the inter national dissension which exists at a moment when cordial co-operation lactvreen the countries is so desirable. - The protest of Loa Palmerston, the outline of which was given in the ministerial journals, was the subject of general comment, each party viewing it according to their respective opinions. Le Siede affirms that Lord Palmerston has proteste4 because he could not help it, Inasmuch as England hav ing signed the treaties of Vienna, would have been dishon °urea by her silence, but that he has taken care to strip hie protest of every character which could render suck a document serious or efficacious. This jouraal farther says that it has received private letters from Berlin to the effect that the northern courts had obtained an assurance that England 'would offer no obstacle to their measures before they decided on the annexation of Cracow to the Austrian domi nions. The correctness of this information is SiiTle does not pretend to guarantee. According to some of the organs of the Opposition the spoliation of Cracow is only the first step in a more extensive series of aggressive measures contem plated by the northern courts. The rapid diminution of specie in the Bank of Prance has for some time attracted serious attention, and created apprehensions sensibly felt on the Bourse. The amount at present is under 90,000,000 fr. The causes of so considerable a reduction are mainly the large drafts recently made by the Treasury, and the purchases of wine and grain usual at this season, but which at present have been much more considera ble than hitherto. In our former correspondence we mentioned the project of a minority in the Bank direction to raise the rate of discount to 5 per cent., and to limit the discount to sixty days. Such a mea sure would, however, produce serious inconvenience and derangement in commercial transactions; and it was accordingly rejected. An application for a loan to the Bank of England is now generally understoLd to be contemplated. It is well known in Paris that the disposable amount of silver bullion could not be obtained directly from the Bank of England ; but it is expected that by a credit established there in its favour, the Bank of France may, through the instru mentality of the private bankers and capitalists of Lon don, obtain the requisite facility for the purchase of the necessary amount of silver bullion. 'Meanwhile it is hoped that the drain on the Bank of France, which has already continued so long, is approaching its termination. The amount paid into the Paris Savings Bank, on the 29th and 30th ult., by 4,278 1 depositors, of which 523 are new, was 583,937 francs. I The disbursements made in the last week amounted to 1,008,9:16 francs. Stock purchase on the demand of the depositors dosing the same 'oeeek, amounted to 365,999 francs. The demand for disbursements, of the 29th Nov., were 1,026,405 francs. The harbour of Marseilles has become so crowded with shipping, chiefly freighted with grain, that steam-tugs have been employed constantly in towing the vessels which arrive to the neighbouring anchorages. The number of vessels which arrived in the week ending 24th ult., was 53 ; of these, 20 came from Italy or Malta, bringing 67,900 hectolitres ; 3 from Alexandria, with 12,700 hecs.; 13 from 'fur key, with 40,000 bees. ; and 17 from the Russian ports of the Mack Sea, with 76,700 bees. The total importation in that week was therefore 197,300 hoes., ------------ nearly the whole of which was wheat. The total importation at Marseilles in the last 4 weeks amounted to 1,373,300 hecs. Much disappointment is expressed among commer cial persons, at the prob ible yet unexpected aban donment of the project of a line of steamers between Havre and New York. A law passed the Chambers in 1840, authorising the government to contract with commercial companies for the establishment of that and several other transatlantic lines of steam communication. No company, however, has hitherto been found willing to undertake these enterprises on such terms as would be conceded by the government. I A commercial comp an y has recently proposed to establish the line between Havre and New York, sup ported by a sufficient capital, on the sole condition that the government shouldsupply it with the steamers, four of which are already built and equipped, the company being pledged at the expiration of the con tract to surrender the ships in good repair, or, in the event of a war, to give them up without previous notice. This proposition was approved of by the Ministers of Finance and Marine, but it is now said that the company will withdraw their proposition. The Infant Don Enrique left, Paris on Monday for Madrid. One of the journals of Tuesday, L'Esprit Public, has the following o Well-informed persons assure us that hi; departure was preceded by an act so ignominious, that in spite cf the cer tainty of our information, we can scarcely credit it. This prince, as is khown, held an active and confidential corre spondence with the leading members of the Progressi,ta party in Spain. It is said that he has delivered up this cor respondence, and has betrayed the secrets of all those who had put themselves under the shelter of his discretion and his honour." The Bey of Tunis continues to be feted. He visits daily the public monuments, museums, and other esta blishments. A magnificent entertainment, with concert under the direction of the celebrated Auber, will be given him by M. Guizot, at the Hotel des Affaircs Etrangtires, on Friday evening, at which all the musical talent in Paris will assist. Several hun dred invitations have been issued for this festivity, which will be on a scale of unusual grandeur. Temporary rooms are in process of construc tion, to afford increased space fur the guests, which will include, of course, all the persons of poli tical distinction who consent to mingle in dynastic Lacs. The corps dePlotnatiluc have been all invited, and have accepted the invitation, with two excep tions. These are the ambassadors from London and Vienna. The excuse assigned for their absence is that these courts do no: acknowledge the sovereignty of the Bey of Tunis. In announcing this approaching festivity, the Con sfitutionnel asks whether it is to be followed by another plunge into the public purse, in the shape of an extraordinary credit. The Madrid journals and correspondence of the 25th ult. were received in Paris on Tuesday. The ministerial paper, El Iferaldo, expresses a wish, which may of course be interpreted as the foreshadow ing of the intentions of the government, that the approaching Cortes should accomplish a liberal reform in the tariff, so as to throw open the foreign markets to the wines and oils of Andalusia, the grain of Cas tillo, and the wool of La Mancha, that the first mea sure that the government would propose would be to lighten the amount and improve the distribution of the taxes on landed property, to impress a vigorous impulsion upon the works already commenced on the great lines of c ommunication.E/ Heraido adds, however, that toaccomplish this, it is not necessary either chat the ' government should fall into the hands of the Plogres. sista party, or that the constitution of 18:17 should be re-established, or that the national militia should be reorganised. Nothing is necessary to realise these measures of progress except a Cortes in which all parties having real interest in the country shall be represented, giving a majority as adverse to a retro active policy as to revolutionary measures. Mr. Cobden arrived at Malaga on the 19th by the steamer Basting. The Eeo del Conierelo says that the Carlists have great hopes in the arrival at Madrid of General Alza ex-Minister of War of Don Carlos. He held converse with different high personages, and only remained two days at Madrid. We do not guarantee the au thenticity of this rumour, adds the Eeu del Comercio. We give it as we received it. Di%sensions have broken out in the leading canton of the Ultramontane League in Switzerland. Even among the Catholics of Lucerne there is a strong party which desires to adopt conciliatory measures; but the chief subject of apprehension in Switzerland at present, is the project of intervention apprehended on the ome side from Austria, and on the other from France. E venthe party inwhose favour such astep would be intended repels it. The Gazette d'Etat L'alloilique re jects such an interference on the part of the League; nevertheless, it declares, that, rather than submit to the yoke of radicalism, it would ask the protection of the powers. The anival of new troops on the French frontier, and the measures taken to keep a corps of observation during the winter near Basle and Geneva, have created much disquietude, especially since the seizure of Cracow. Without attaching, says La Iterue de Glitiorc, too much importance to the analogy ,between the danger to which Switzerland is exposed and those under which Cracow has just bunk, it is impossille, looking at such an event, not to cast a glance et our situation in relation to the states of Europe more or less monarchical. First, we observe with what singular inconsistency the organs of the French ministry have immediately thought of the occupation of Geneva and Basle, as a compensation for the violation of the treaties of 181.5. It would indeed seem as though these cities existed only by the treaties of 1814 and 1815, and that these treaties being torn, our repub lic, must become the prey , of those whose convenience they may suit. But the people of Geneva prove by their resist ance to attempts to separate them from Switzerland, that their country does not depend alone on the safeguard of treaties. We subsist by ourselves for many ages, and we have motives to continue so, which happily are no more understood among official people in Europe than the resist ance of St. Gervais was by the retrograde faction of Geneva. The same journal says, that in the new constitu tion the executive power will be confided to a council of state, composed of seven members, renewable by election every three years, all the citizens who are electors being qualified to vote for its members. PARIS, Nov. 30. Amongst the projects which the destruction of the independence of Cracow have caused to ferment in the council of ministers, it is attributed to M. Guizot that he intends sending a fleet into the Adriatic, in order to blockade Trieste and Venice, till such time as the three northern powers have given way to the repre sentations of the French cabinet on that point. This plan would be feasible if England and France had agreed to execute it, but in the state of disunion under which the western powers are now labouring, such an announcement would be but a vain bravado. It would not be a prudent step to declare war against Austria, Prussia, and Russia, which have acted in concert in breaking through the treaties of Vienna. There should be room for reflection before placing the whole of Europe against one. Louis Philippe, is not for violent or decisive measures. His fixed idea at present is to obtain a congress of the great powers, there to discuss the interests which at present divides Europe. lie forgets that the con gress of Laybach and that of Verona, under the Restoration, had no other object than to rivet the chains of nations, and strengthen the despotism of kings ; and in lightness of heart he world openly brave discussion with three nations in leap e with each other, which would invariably form amr,ngst the five great courts a systematic majority. It niay be that the dream of Louis-Philippe, that mania V,r a congress, finds an echo amongst the servitors who wear in his presence the habit of ministers. But there could be nothing so unpopular ; no combination would appear more puerile, and nothing would be less fit to colour the agitation which exists in the public mind. The French people would come at last to the con clusion that the government is an accomplice of foreign courts. But, indeed, the northern powers would not admit of such a combination; they would not suffer what they consider their right to be questioned. It is an anachronism to wish to re solve by diplomacy questions which have already been solved by the sword. The northern courts can no longer be convinced. They should be intimidated to be rendered wiser; and this part belongs less to Louis Philippe than to any other potentate. I have not spoken to you of the mani festoes published by the radical party, on the occasion of the annexation of Cracow to Austria. They are of little importance ; they may cause a little agitation ; but they have no political weight. The radical party is numerous, and might become powerful with men and ideas, but there is a great lack of both these qualities in its ranks. If it still preserve a symptom of life, it is because France isgoverned by a policy like that of Lou is Philippe and a g government like that of M. Guizot. A great event has been announced for the hun dredth-time as likely to take place in Germany. All the Prussians in Paris, and amongst the rest d'Arnim affirm that the king of Prussia will, in a short time, convoke the States General. The importance of. the ev ent would be increased by the recent confisca tion of Cracow. I shall, however, doubt this announce ment until the rescript of Frederic William has 0. MONTREAL, Nov. 11 I ha7e still but little to communicate possessing the recommeiodation of novelty. The weather is mild for the time of ;ear, and a late season for the closing of the navigation is anticipated, with a fair prospect of escape for the numerous fleet of British commercial vessels yet lingering its the Si. Lawrence. The trans actions in flour are understood to be very numerous and profitable to the buyers. The government regu lations for the sale of the mineral lands on Lakes Superior and Huron have been promulgated since my last. They grant these lands in perpetuity upon pay ment of 4s. per acre, in blocks of ten square miles, giving five years for the payment. The policy of the government, and it is a good one, is, to attract adventurers with the means of exploration, under the conviction that if there is mineral wealth beneath the soil, it will by, this means be discovered and brought to the surface; and if not, the sooner it is known the better it will be both for the government and people of Canada. Already some heavy companies with capital, and a formidable list of directors, have been formed, and by exploration this season have obtained valuable loca tions upon veins bearing copper and silver, both native and combined. The result will be beneficial to the country, in the introduction of much capital from foreign parts, and the opening of new channels of wealth, and a new branch of industry. Considerable exportations of the ores have been already made to England from Quebec. Sir George Simpson, the en terprising and indefatigable governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, has just returned from his annual visit to the extensive northern territories of the com pny. He has this year placed 303 British soldiers at a the settlement of Red River, the most northern point to which the British flag has yet been carried, in anticipation of any marauding attempts on the side of Oregon. The staple of the fur trade of I this company, the Beaver, is not in the same demand as heretofore, owing to the prevailing taste fur silk hats. Of 20,000 beaver skins, brought to market during the past year, not 200 have been sold. The projected bridge across the St. Lawrence at Montreal looks promisingly. The surveys have been made, and there is an extensive subscription list. The diffi culties consist in the great span of the arches, and in the incredible force that may be brought to bear upon the piers upon the breaking up of the ice, the entire solid mass being rent by a sudden burst, or shove, as it is familiarly termed, produced by the pressure of the accumulating waters beneath the ice. It is confi dently believed that strength of masonry, and the science of engineering, may confront and defy these difficulties. Lord Cathcart and family have vacated .llonklands, and taken up winter quarters in a tavern is the city, preparatory to the arrival of Lord Elgin. It is now understood here that his lordship's de parture will be somewhat retarded by the matrimonial engagements into which his lordship is about to enter. The female society of Canada will heartily welcome the presence of a lady at the Government House ; and as well upon personal as political grounds all classes I will hail the alliance with the family from which the selection is made. Lord Durham's memory is revered by many whom he saved from the last penalty of the law, and by many more who sympathised with them, bringing himself into difficulties at home, and actually indeed forfeiting his appointment on ac- count of the policy which led him to spare. He is reputed in this country the father of responsible g overnment, and responsible government is now the law of the land, the governing principle proclaimed from the high places of authority, and received as the most acceptable boon that the govern ing power ever conceded to the people. In his cele brated report on the affairs of Canada, he paid just compliments to the French Canadian portion of the Lower Canada division of the province, although severely condemning the errors they had committed. On these grounds, a daughter of that nobleman, and one already known to the country, will be trebly welcomed as the presiding domestic genius of the Government House. GERMANY.—The CWagne Gazette, in a correspond ence from the Elbe, gives the following account of the confer ences which preceded the incotporation of Cracow It was generally supposed, and many persons regarded it as a fact not to be doubted,thut the French government was not only aware that there was a project of suppressing the independence of Cracow, but had even given its consent to it as a sort of acknowledgment for the indifference manifested by the northern powers in the affair of the Spanish marriages. Happily, however, it can be woved that such a supposition is desual of foundation, and that the cabinet of the Tuileries wan not only ignorant of it, but was no less astonished at the act than the Bhelish government itself. The fallowing will prove it beyond a doubt. When the plenipotentiaries of the the three northern courts met at Berlin in the month of April to deliberate on the measures to be taken in conse quence of the last insurrection, the first project proposed by , the Russian plenipotentiary was the suppression of Cracow. I The commissaries of the two other powers opposed to that proposition Articles 6 and 9 of the treaty of Vienna; but I Russia, far from being deterred by those considerations, in- tasted on the political necessity of destroying every vestige of the kingdom of Poland. Austria and Prussia having been I finally brought to coincide in that opinion, another die cussion arose on the manner in which it was to be accomplished. Austria and Prussia wished to follow the example given by the conference of London in the affairs of Belgium, to unite in a similar conference all the powers subscribers to the treaty of Vienna, and to obtain that change by legal measures. In the communication made to us, and which we reproduce, there is here a blank. We are not told by what means Itussia succeeded in overcoming the objections of the two other powers, that it was impossible for three powers to annul the treaty of Vienna. It is, however, certain that the three plenipotentiaries left Berlin after coming to a perfect understanding. The date foe carry ing out the project was not, however, fixed. The proposal of Russia to curry it out at once, without regard to the political state of other countries, was not followed. At this juncture the dark cloud of the Spanish marriages appeared on the horizon, and one of the commissaries proposed that the measure should he adjourned until the darkness was complete. Tnat moment arrived sooner and more apropos than they had dared to hope, for no one will deny that if the entente cordiale between France and England had not been dis turbed, they dared not have a.tempted the incorporation. I The resolution to take possession of Cracow taken by the three Courts at Berlin, on the 3rd of May, was solemnly decreed at Vienna on the 6th of November. The conven tions were immediately interchanged, and the work was commenced. As Austria showed a slight hesitation, Russia offered to incorporate Cracow with her own dominions. The act of taking possession followed on the 16th November, and the intention of the northern powers was only communicated by the Austrian and Prus sian governments to the ambassadors of France and England on the 14th. Prince Metternich and M. de Kanitz, Mini ster for Foreign Affairs of Prussia, made the official commu nication to Lord Ponsonby, and to the Marquis de Dalmatic, Beading to them at the same time the proclamation of Gene ral Castiglione. The Cracow affair is, perhaps, the surest step towards a re-establishment of the entente cordials be beta een France and England, which becomes more than ever a political necessity, owing to the coalition of the three powers of the north. The peace of Europe depends on a firm and durable union of the only two great powers which enjoy liberal institutions." MUSICAL LIBERTY IY COLOGNE.—The phrase Viva la Libertis," bi the finale to the first act of " Don Giovanni," has been struck out by the Cologne censorship. This has been done before. Even in London, if we remember right, there was a time when the obnoxious phrase was replaced by " Viva !" GREECE—Letters from Athena of the 15th Nov. state, that the Chambers:were closed on the 12th, by Kanaris, the Minister of Marine, as M. Coletti was prevented by ill ness. Owing to this illness M. Coletti has entrusted the four portfolios to his colleagues—namely, that of Foreign Affairs to the Minister of War, Tzavellas ; that of the Inte rior to the Minister of Finance, Poniropulos ; that of Justice to Kanaris. General Kalergis has been placed on the retired list. Prince Albrecht, of Prussia, was on a tour in the north of Greece, and was expected at Athens on the 18th. COLONIAL. BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.—There is little of general interest in our Canadian tiles. The judicious resume of our Montreal correspondent enables us to dispense with extracts. NOVA SCOTIA.—MORE COLONIAL COPPER ORE.— The Halifax Morning Post contains the followinF paragraph. The Post does not say from what port the shipment took place ; most probably from a Canadian one :—" The ship West Indian, Capt. Rush, which sailed 4th Nov. for Eng land, carries the first shipment of copper ore from the mines of the Quebec Mining Company on Lake Superior. A fur ther quantity wiR be shipped on board the Diruglas, Captain Doaiglas, for the same destination." NEW BRUNSWICK.—REVENUE.—The revenue of New Brunswick, for the quarter ending 30th Sept., 1846, amounted to 22,2811., showing a decrease of 2,612/., as compared with the corresponding quarter of 1845. Cbe gOUTI. The Duchess of Kent left Cashiobury p u the residence of H.M.' the Queen Dowager, ati o'clock on Tuesduy morning, for Frogniore Housi The Duko of Cambridge visited the 1, Gloucester on Tuostlay, at Gloucester House. Mr. It. Bettie, C.E., had an interview Right Hon. T. M. Gibson yesterday, at the Board of Trade, and submitted his new signals. ney-General had an interview a ith the lia i on on Tuesday. Col. Anson and Sir J. Burgoyne had ar with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterdir cial residence in Downing-stn et. lkspatches were received yesterday at a office, from the Gomm:its of Canada, and of th e American Provinces. Despatches were also ye t day from the Governors of Hung-Kong, Ccyloi and South Australia. Lord J. Stuart had an interview with yesterday. The Rev. li. 11. Beamish had also with the Right Ron Bart. yestenlay. The Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay arrived Tuesday night. ADMIRAL SIR G. COCKBURII.—We public rumour has exaggerated the illness of burn. We are assured, on the befit authoriti only had a slight attack of paralysis in his lefi now rapidly recover-mg.—Standard. MEMORIAL OF HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO —The committee for raising subscriptions tows ; m ha e v in e ecid o d rial rd almost unanimously tiaulher Majesty' s v i s i t in favour of tower, on a spot where it will serve as a Isi l look-out for pilots, and as a telegraph station The tower has been designed by Mr. Clarice, of 1,0001. have been subscribid for its erection. meadow at t THE ROYAL VISIT TO ARUNDEL ARUNDEL, WEDNPSDAV. — The town illuminated last night. A: the castle the ke e p s illuminated in gas, from a platform, which bo " Welcome, Victoria and Alt.wrt," in chara c t er asisger,miandddeisapclhayjeotfbehinmtg o co rim vereil in o b .e y a Riau cup castle-hill, of which exhibition a (nil Vie', wai from the castle windows. The Mayor of Arundel, Mr. Edward Hos waited on her Majesty and Prince Athenian et after seven o'clock, to present the congratuis agreed on by the corporation. Her Majesty, with his Royal Highavis Pea her left hand, and the Duch at of Sutherland, the Robes, on her right, with Lord John Ras Palmerston, Viscount Morpeth, the Duke of other visitors, ranged on either side of the Q the Mayor in the state drawing-room—the Dul introducing that gentleman. The splendid room in which the dinner s was originally the baronial chapel of St. Gear verted into a modern wile a manger. It i portioned room, and is lighted from the si handsome Gothic window. At the opposite music gallery, the Gothic carved work beh Spanish mahogany. On either side of the nit corridor were beaufets, on which were exhihiu lection of coronation cups of different soveleie the Duke's ancestors, as Hereditary Earls I room is adorned by several family portraits; lection may be observed a fine portrait of Char of Norfolk, by Gainsborough ; of Henry Fred Lord Mowbray and Maltnivers, by \ ands I Howard, Earl of Surrey ; of Henry Filt.tl.;tl were ; Bernard Edward Howard, 12th 'bk.- 0 Gainsborough. The draperies are of a sum brocade, and all the enrichments of the arm parts are gilt. The table presented a gorgeous display of quetting board being illuminated by five elabo gold candelabra, alternating with which wet tique ornamental plate. There was also two positions in silver, of the meeting of Henry VI L on the field of the cloth of gttld; and the N and Tuch. We have rarely witnessed such a blage of costly silver and cold plate. The used on this occasion was of gold. The Duke t vious to the withdrawal of Her Majesty and from the room, rose and gave the health at The noble host subsequently gave •• His I Prince Albert," shortly after which, the Quc of Norfolk, accompanied by the ladies, refit drawing-room. Her Majesty and the Prig leave of the circle, and proceeded to the rooms, selected for their exclusive use, shot o'clock. This morning the Queen and Prince, a visits to the aristocracy, breakfasted alone. the early part of the tirenoon, air .mpanis d 1 and attended by the Duke of Nudolk, pleasure-gardens within the walls of the oh jesty and the Royal Prince being absent trot wards of an hour. His royal highness Pr Duke of Bedford, the Earl of Ellesmere, the and Surrey, Viscount Palmerston, and Lo left the castle about ten o'clock tbr the du Bury Coombe, near Whiteways, to enjoy shooting. A great many head of game se Albert bagging sixty-eight pheasants and tb The party returned to luncheon just berm Prince and Queen joining the distinguish Duke of Wellington did not leave the morning, but accompanied the Queen and Pei of Norfolk, when they went to see the and castle, and the extraordinary Australian os the only habitants of that part of the aneici Her Majesty and party subsequently visit dairy. SOCIETY FOR THE AMEND THE LAW. The monthly meeting of this sou the society's rooms, 21, Regent-street, and was attended by several distiuguiribc legal profession. At eight o'click Lord 11 chair. The secretary having read the in ceding meeting, Mr. J AMES Steweirr proceeded to subn ration of the society the following reps Property Committee on the following qu , been referred to them : "To consider whet with a general register, the principle of might not be introduced." RYIYIRT. Experience has established that the opinion veyancer as to the safety of a title Is a 'abstain Lando are purchased, and money is advainvd o opinions, and it is very rarely indeed that fie afterwards invalidated. But, notwithstanding t !dem has been given as to a title, it is thought ne deafing with the land that the title should us gation. The question then arises whetlwr the r tion extending over the same ground is owes vestigution of title may not be sufficient, and win which such investigation takes place the title in only risk being where the title is pronounced a r ul that opinion. This principle of insurance might, It is coo three kinds of title. 1. Thum titles which now 1163.1 current as al law and equity ; 2. Thins which, although coo titles, are technically unmarketable; and 3. I specific defect, greater or lees in extent, eon circumstances of the ewe. In the Met clam of titles here alluded to, at the other two classes, the object of the protest to have ono careful investigation, which thee render all future investigation down to a en' and in all after dealings with the property, to Lion front the period at which it was no ennui counsel to be a good title. According to the pi pease of investigating the title is utcurrth i only over and over again, but as well in the fn The present expense in regard to tides says the List edition of his work on Vendors, fifty superfluous ; but as every one may be in against. This precaution has very much thirty years, but not from any increased danfir In applying the principle of insurance to teems for insuring against the passibility to high, especially as every day that clawed aftt diminish the risk, until it vanished alloget' under the pa sent statute of limitations was or mortgagee, and all persons claiming cue suppose that either the state or a public mitt take this risk ,and doubtless, if it were not to any amount, as in t uulerwriting, would et if a public company were adopted, It would rest of the public to distribute this busiuess riled insurance offices already established iv take it. In doing this, we point out that n to be the best on the whole. But if the gene hinted, the mode of carrying it into pructtc the parties undertaking the risk. V consider the steps that might be taken posing a public office to undertake thi Mg to sell, mortgage, or otherwise c would first have to make out hi. of the insurer. This would be done accord of an insurance office about to lend money would be sent to a conveyancer to be reelect conveyancer gave an opinion that the title ra sate to that effect would he given by the oft dealt with without any inquiry as to the tith would circulate as land the title to which Ira The purchaser of such property would be expense and delay attending the investigni , title which was so insured, and this issue from time to time. If the title were a good have no further difficulty—il it turned of sheep in the flock, and he was evicted, insurance fund, and thus the office, or in • had good titles, would pay for the one that The scale of premiums must be a matt tenable to the tick incurred; but yout when it is considered how rarely evict , how many advantages are enjoyed by land in retaining possession, the premium The expense of the investigation of the ail instanix on the vendor 'Although eventuall might enable it to share such expenses) ; all claiming after him would be entirely re it is reasonable to suppose that he wool( price, and that 33 the class of purcluoens the vendor would thus get hack his elite thing more, in the increased value of chaser would be able to render the hails n on a future sale or mortgage. The plan . purchases by trustees under a direction tr case the timeliest objection to the title us being completed. It would also be traits those cases where, from the vendors bell other cause, no covenants for title are eats We have hitherto supposed that the ti but let us now consider the second and I us suppose that the title was pronouno was consulted tot to be a marketable tttl or to have some defect more or less so still allow the land to be sold on being lac vendor against the greater risk twined, That a great number of titles are safe t unmarketable, is certainly true. Master t fore the Lords' Committee of ISlt o n the " I think that there is little of really defect