The Express. — London, England, 1849-11-07 00:00:00

NSW WORK ST TWS *VISOR OF "JAR Just loolihkak l a 3 rola post Iv% price LI Ile. M. SHIRL B T. By .Comma BELT « book promom amp Worse sad illo glop ot may. Thom 64 ski SM AMNON=t amiss IRS pito wollsoa Tien ore is slat" kr sWo* al alms at =WOW NO aft tromostiod lo *1 nap ot Ewa Solloa." Karmisor. • • airy« boo mare misty et pereara, mil mere if 'god Illto Sr Y tiond Is • Jane Lyn.' *—Lpesrater. •• • MEW is • beet Lerseollig ales period eM sordid sessidera " • SSW lo e saw vow* book Or. qui, Rm.• . mad ca wr i alworikl3 Mos Soodomp or paha op= IL —Mkia. • r ming of le Ilamols Yet."-11d1y Nom WY= I Swab. Vidor lad oa, IS, Oink& ante erpreoo. OUTGOING NAILS. The able via MarsaWee, te the Illediierrausa, Napa. Ceylon, WI% Ileogaarg, Ps., will be suds up *is ever Om Nev. 7. The seat mile Or Lhasa, Bpsli sad Gibraltar will be aisle uOla day. Svc 7. Ow Wert Inas lisik maladies brawl% Ilaveass, Ilksna, Hieduile, New °rheas, sad Illesiso, asd istiediag Aro ler Ild bs, St. Jesa-die•Nisuopte, New Granada, lbs OW. 101 Pam will be sada up ea Nev. 17. ardlehr Gibraltar, Malta, Graeae, die hales Zippy, Ogle . Isdis. sod 01111%&. via itostboapaus, lsis tr i l be seeds up gado sesembe et Nov. 9D. WATZII AT AMMON =DO . Tau Da • —Vionisi, SA. MA Aherne& iI. MA TIRIFONOW—iIiMaft. 7} 47g. ...... II Ades. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7. A Lana batch of letters has reached us from Con stantinople, from Widdin, and from Belgrade the last of the date of the 21st. The intelligence they brim is far from satisfactory, and far from honour able to the Turks. The Pacha of Widdin still guards his primers with a jailer's care, betokening that Rama has not lost all hold of them, and that Turkey, although committed so far as not to be able to give them actually up to slaughter, is still anxious to propitiate the Czar, by doing with them whatever else he may please to dictate. The trick to bring dishonour upon as many as possible by forcing them to embrace Islamism, was, It is to be feared, suggested by Austria and Russia. The moms audit' results are graphically depicted in oar letting, and will be read with supreme disgust. The fate reserved for Kossuin, 131mm:earl and the other chiefs—too proud to listen to such ours as those with which Bait dosed—is still uncertain. But Russia, we have reason to believe, demands their im prisonment. Her envoys point out to the Porte, as an example to be followed, the captivity into which lesetrirrt was thrown by Russia. Ana tte feeble Divan is this moment mooting in what eastern forties' she may immure the gallant relics of Hungarian independence, in or'er that their captivity may sompeneate to the disappointed des pots of Austria and Russia the mordfication they have felt in not being able to hand them over to the executioner. Bat we will not believe the possibility of anything an infamous bring perpetrated. We may, we think, fairly rely upoa the generous energies or the British government Wag exerted, and upon Lard PALMER noir being not wanting to his known sym pathy and provetbi.l spirit on an occasion such as this, in which he is supported by the unmistakeable and unswerving support of the British public. As to Turkey, the brave conduct of the Sultan in Si MOB refusing the demand of the Csar has won for him and for his country the respect and admiration of Englishmen. And that respect and admiration are no empty and no fruitless sentiments. Tbay form for the independence of the Turkish empire a more solid guarantee, than any amount of obsequiousness could wring from Russia. Should the alleluia, however, afier having shown himself a prince of courage and generosity, so far exchange these noble influences for the base saggestaoas of fear ; should his Highness, to please Russia, doom Kosstrrx and his companions to a dungeon, and merely commute their insane diets and honourOW death to a lingering and insulting one, such as indeed the treacherous Pacha of Widdia has given them a foretaste of, then indeed the Sultan and RISCUID PACHA, and the Turkish ministers, may for ever bid farewell to either the respect, the sympathy, or the support of English mos. The very character and honour of the Mammalian race, and of its chief, are now hanging in the balance, as far as the opinion of Europe is concerned. If liberal Europe has reason to despise them, liberal Europe will abandon them for ever. It is the honour of the English public and the English mind that, apathetic to interests, to changes of territory or frontier, and even to threatened en croachments and restrictions upon commerce, it has been touched and aroused solely by feelings of hums,- nity. Some foreigners foolishly imagine that our sympathies foe Hungary arose in greediness to enjoy its try**, in a deep laid scheme for opening the Danube, and erecting an empire favourable to us and to liberal principles in the east of Europe. Alas! they little know the simple nature o! the Englishman, moved far more by admiration for the courageous essence of freedom, and by pity for his misfortunes, than by all or any of the calculations 'opposed to be inhereat in our mercantile land. The Englishman loves trade, and he loves money, fairly got, honestly pursued. But neither that gain nor that pursuit obliterate or obscure the finer and nobler appreciation of the good and great. No spcetes of tidings, no battle won, or glory achieved, ever communicated half so much pleasure to the English public, as to learn that KOSSUTH and his companions had been saved from ignominious death partly by British intervention. To have that feeling of joy and =gratulation turned to bitter ness, and to learn that the Hungarian chiefs are to pay the penalty of being patriotic and brave in being consigned to a dungeon, would at once excite the public indignation and contempt against our own Foreign-office, and against the Turkish race. THE best service that can be done to men or Denims in difficult emergencies is to tell them the truth—the plain truth, and the whole truth. But in cease like that of the protest troubles in Canada the truth is not very easily got at. Distance makes us depend ent for information on local informant; and men on the spot, however anxious to speak nothing but the thing that is, find it difficult to escape the biases of passion and partisanship—ere apt to see with the eyes of than with whom they habitually associate. It is u desirable sa it is difficult to ascertain the real state of feeling among the majority of the Cana dians respecting annexation. It is perhaps too soon yet to expect sufficient data whereon to form an opi nion. Our latest advises from Montreal end* that the annexation address had received 997 signatures on the 17th of lut month, and that it was expected at least 1,500 would sign it before the end of the week. On the other hand,the counter-declaration, though later in the field, had already been &pied by 500, and was expected to receive 2,000 eigneturee in the coarse of the week. These numbers are portentously close: they seem to indicate a remarkable approach to equality in point of numbers in the opponog parties. Bat this is merely the expression of local—of Montreal feeling. If we may . take the local newspapers as an index of popular opinion—and journaliste are apt to write with a view at lead not to shock the preposses sions of their subscribers—the annexation party would appear to be almost exclusively confined to Montreal. All the papers in Quebec have, without one c = doe, come out against annexation. In Upper only one paper (the Kingston Chronicle) indicates a leaning to annexation, and its language is very an decided All the rest are violent against it; the tory Handl" Spectator and Toronto Colonist quite as vehemently ns the ministerial Toronto Maw. The question dose not appear to be taken up as a French and English question. Thus are name, of Cbosadives attached to the annexation manifesto, though the British appear to preponderate on that list. In Upper Canada, which emu to be so decid edly anti-annexationist, the population has scarcely any French admixture. The first 150 signatures to the anti-annexation declaration . at Montreal are French Canadians. They are said to belong to a section of their countrymen which may be called " Young Canada." Thirteen members of the legisla tors rending in Montreal have published a separate declaration against annexation : of these, eight are French; sad one is the celebrated Dr. WOLYBED NILSON, whose syropathin have always leant most to the French party. So far as we are able to judge at this distance, insreantile considerations have had more to do in rallying a party round the banner of annexation than THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENI*III 4 NOVEMBER 7, 1849. political opiniosser Thelocal habitation of the party is at blastsal, in which the trade of the provisos bas hitherto in a great eiscure rested The agrisaltaral population of Cane*, so far as it has yet spokes oat. is averse to unagation. Athol* the gigues of the Montreal inmilbsto there assess linders than professional politicks. Bp tar as their slides are known, there are more radicals, and mas of radical leanings, than Series; but there are swim, sod seamy awe of that *et ire dessibed as hang k =Mfg haws= their old political reposer est SOW boasting after annexation. To all wits sr. soqisiatsd with Canada, er have read the paill{cations respecting it which have appeared for a series of years back, this is quite in tbls The contrast between the United States side of the boeadary line and the Canadian has been thewbject of &squat remark. A cool and &spas. sleuth sea d badness. who visited Canada about a month ago ► expresses hinualt on this subject, in a letter that now lies beton us, as follows : I heti eves read of the sentrasi protested between the Amities and Ossedlaa shores [or the St. Issas), bat I weld Est base essprelesecd,d it is all Its hiss salsas I had whammed k with ay own eyes. On the eas side all is life, activity, sad prewirity ; cs the ocher it is like ths silks of death. Nestled is • very Rae city, sore liks • Eure town than earthing I bare yet sees os the Atnericang= tines, ; bat here the universal toutplsiat is, that their toads is gone. The asereantile elves seemed to sae to be unani mous la taws/ et eassaatien ; and one cask wader at it, whoa you lad a snip coeniasi lime ssparatiag the. beat the peugarity of their neighbours. - - - The 'Primmest of the Montre.l traders is: " The Americans are more presperons than we. If our ter ritory was incorporated into the Union we would be as prosperous as the Americans." The fallacy of this argument is obvious to dispusionate lookers-on. The superior prosperity of the Americans was as marked when the late W. STUART visited Canada and the United States as it is now. It has not originated in the change of British mercantile policy. It has all along been owing to the superior energy ad enter prise of the Americans. The Canadians were listless, relying upon protection in the British market; the Arserseaes were active, because they had only . their own enterprise to eel upon. The Americans in the position of the am net afraid of tree nom petition. The stroeghold of the protectionist party in America is in the sea-board manufacturing states. If the Canadians would be as prosperous as the Americans, they must become u active and enterprising as the Ame ricans. The self-government of the people of the United States promoted the spirit of enterprise; but for all mental purposes Canadians now enjoy that spring of energy. Canada annexed to the United States would advance more rapidly than Canada ander its former close government and protec tive system did ; but the advance would be the work of, and its profits would be reaped by, the hardy im migrant from the United States. The dreamers who think that prosperity depends upon their being sub ject to this or the other government, not upon their i own exertions, would be drives to the wall before the new comers. Their individual plight, be that of the province what it might, would be worse than ever. _ _ The existing balance of numbers and influence between the annexationist and the British oonnezion parties would have warranted the expectation that time would b 3 afforded the Canadians to make their reflections before any decisive step was taken, had it not been for the last measure adopted by the local government. Despatches from Montreal of the 22nd ult., announce the official intimation of the definitive transfer of the seat of government to Toronto. This may conciliate the Upper Canada tories, bat what effect will it have upon the French population of Lower Canada ? It is an ominous fact that the nme telegraphic despatch which conveyed to New York the intelligence of the transfer of the seat of Canadian government Ainnouncmi that M. Vitiza had resigned his office under government.. There can be no doubt that making Montreal the seat of government was very unpopular with the British population. But it was an inevitable CO3Se• queue of the union of Upper and Lower Canada. Since the two were to form one province, Montreal, from its =trial position, its wealth and population, had incontestable claims to be the metropolis. The objections urged against its selection were the most inconsiderable among objections to the union of the provinces. That ill-starred union was the real blun der. Its avowed object was to swamp the French by a British population, and it thus became a sure and permanent source of faction and disturbance. It was the union of Holland and Belgium over again. The idea of governing the whole of Canada from Toronto is preposterous. If the union of the provinces under one legislature and executive is to be perpetu ated, the Preach will be alienated by having to resort on all occasions to so distant a seat of go vernment ; they will be jealous of every legislative measure passed by their representatives while sur rounded by a purely British population. The time at which the change has been decided upon makes the matter worse. Lord Kunz has never shown his face in Montreal since the riots. The transfer of the seat of government will inevitably be attributed either to his fears or to his vindictiveness. The one interpreta tion will provoke contempr, the other hatred ; and for the government to incur either feeling at such a crisis is to complicate affairs already too much embroiled, and to play the game of faction and disloyalty. WIDDIN, OCT 1. The Hungarian, Polish, and Italian detenus at this place are still in • painful state of suspense as to the doom which awaits them. Foe more than a fort night every letter from Ceustentinople was inter cepted; but yesterday, by especial favour of the Pasha, two or three were delivered to the persons to whom they were addressed ; from which we learn that though the Sultan had written to the Emperor Nicholas, declining for the present to give up the refugees, it was doubtful whether be would persist to his refusal, if the Csar on his side followed up his threat of making war upon him. Sir Stratford Canning is also said, on being consulted as to the probability of England affording active sup port to Turkey, in the event of a rupture occurring on these grounds, to have returned an evasive answer. It is evident that in the absence of instructions from his government, he is unwilling to incur any respon sibility, though he is by no means sparing of good advice to the Porte—fir which excepting u one point ( if all we pon hear be correct) we are under great obligations to his. He is reported in the letter I have seen to have remoneaded the further detention of the chiefs of the Hungarian party at Widdin until the answer of the Emperor with respect to them shall have been received at Constantinople. Now, unless Sir Strat ford be well soured that this answer will be favour able to the exiles, I am at a loss to understand how he can reconcile such advice with the anxiety he pro fesses for their escape, for should the Emperor insist on their extradition, it would undoubtedly facilities the solution of the question it the cause lila bad in the meanwhile disappeared. However this may be, ft is certain that the subterfuge of whole sale apostle", by which the Turkian government thinks_ it has opened a door of safety for the refugee exiles, mast have been adopted not orly without his participation, but without his know ledge even that each a proposal had been made. Ia this opinion we are confirmed by the fact of all letters to and frees Constantinople having been inter rupted for more than a fortnight. In this state of sus pense and isolation, I am sorry to say the work of pro selytionhes been carried on much more briskly and sue oresfully than I ever anticipated itconld havebeen. The number of renegades (including Bern, who, however, has strongly denied to Kossuth that he has made a final preidoa of Maoism), is now 120—the majority of whom are *Scam There has been a public thanksgiving in the mosques for the censer sion of three Giaotir generate of such repu tation as Bem, Stein, and %many. The first of these has been invested with the rank of vizir, and the Massalman name of Mound Pasha. It is to be hoped, however, that all these rejoicinos and formalities will, as far as he isconcerned, be found to be premature. With reference to the other officer*, the fear of being handed over to the tender mercies of the Austrian government appears to have operated more than any other motive, while many who hate been previously despoiled of the little property that was left them by the Turks, declare that " their poverty but not their will consents ;" buteven this sorry excuse cannot, I ass afraid, be urged for some of them. As to the private soldiers, a change of religion with them implies nothirg more than change, end that for the better, of clothe. and quarters. Thum who have pronounced the formula—" La Allah, illa Allah— Mahomet resoul, Allah " (There is no God but God, and Mehemet is his prophet). are immediate iy pro vided with warm clothing and comfortable lodpap in *barracks. while the rest of theme poor fellows, hensellem and shivering is rap, seams their comrades in this enviable eenditaen are naturally maims to Maw an_ example go tempting to these. Three eights of inesesant rain during which those in camp were drenched and frown to death (in some cuss literally so, he the mortality has been great) have effected an extraaediaary num bee of conversiaes. Indeed a whole battalion at a time presented itself at the gate of the pasha's place —so that that cautions functionary himself was rather staggered en beholding so away candidata foe eir- CIIIIICWOII and exhorted them to take some time to reflect en the responsibility they incurred in becoming Muselmen. The fact is, waver &vir eos the Turks may be to incorporate Hungarian officers, and particularly superior officers in their army, they are little or nothing about privates. In the meanwhile, whether converted or uncon verted, allure kept ander the closest surreillsace. The annoyance to which Kossuth and the Polish and Hungarian generals are subjected is a source of con tinual embarrassment and mortification to them. The rooms in which they are confined are every moment visited by soldiers or the police; and if they stir oat they are, either on foot or honebse: , everywhere followed b y armed patrols. Tee pretext gives for those measures by the pasha, namely, a regard for their dignity and the due protections of their persons, can impose on nobody. It is evident that the Turks are carefully keeping them in their heads as a sacrifice, which cir cumstances may render necessary for their own security against the wrath of the Emperor Nicholas, — particularly if they can find no gammee in the support of the English and French govern ments. Their anxiety is by nn means relieved by the accounts which reach them' from the other side of the Danube. Every day we hear of some new act of atrocity ; generals shot, members of the diet hung, and ladies of noble family merged. The Countess Ksroly, it is said, has been condemned under martial law to be shot for raising a Hungarian regiment. It may be conceived in what a state of agitation all those who hays wives and families in Hungary must be. It is certain that they are hunted down and persecuted without mercy. Hay nazi's bloodhounds are everywhere upon their track. Kossuth has received intelligence that his aged mother and his three children have been seised and dragged to Vienna. General Onyon's wife, the Countess Guyon, awl his infant children, have been treated in the same inhuman manner; and the dastard'', whom he has often drubbed in the field of battle, have thus found the meson of wreaking their vengeance in the only quarter where he was vulnerable. In thi instance, however, there is reason to believe that the ruthless government of Austria will be speedily made to relinquish its grasp on its victims. General Guyon, who is an Englishman— and we may well be proud of our countryman—has already appealed to Lord Palmerston, who, if he cannot instil sentiments of humanity into the harts of the Austrian govern ment towards their own subjects, will at any rate compel them to cease persecuting those of her Bri tannia Majesty. This le one of the oases in which Englishmen, of all classes, forget every consideration of party or politic al feeling, and show their common origin by their warm sym pathy with the oppressed, and honest hatred of the oppressor. How much more vivid would be that sympathy, and deeper that hatred, had they wit nessed, as I have done, the courageous fidelity, to a sinking cause, of the noble Richard Guyon. I say nothing of his merits as a general, it will be the task of history to strip more than one spurious reputation of its borrowed lustre, and when justice has been done to all and the bays placed on the heads that best deserve them, none, I believe, who has been an actor in these event ful scenes, will stand so high with posterity as Gen. Guyon. It will then be seen who was the real con queror of Schlick and Windimohgratz (certainly not the traitor Otirgey) ; who was the heroic defender of Comore—who gained the las: decisive battle in Hun gary by renting Jellachich at the Franz canal—who in the late disastrous retreat from Szegedin did everything that mortal could do to repair previous errors—who it was finally, when all but honour was lost, was the only general who assiduously discharged his duty to the wretched remnant of the Hungarian forces at Widdin—who alone con tinued faithful even to the shade of the lawful Governor of Huagary—to the person of the unfor tunate bat illustrious Komuth. WIDDIN, Our. 8. The Hungarian refugees still continue here in al most as much uncertainty as to their fats as before. The refusal of extradition by the Porte does not seem absolute, or why should the refugees still be penned in here as pi -tamers, exposed to the chalices of a Russian coup-de-main, or to be massacred in a colli sion which each day may arise from misunder standing, and the religions fanaticism which injudi cious efforts at proselytism have evoked ? The arri val, a day or two ago, of three thousand fresh troops of the Nisam, who have pitched their tents outside the Hurgarian camp, shews that the Porte is not without some apprehension ; but even the presence of these troops, insufficient for purposes of protection, only aggravates the evil before-mentioned. The renegade refugee soldiers, now upwards of a hundred in number, and consisting chiefly of the most worthless characters, are looked upon as outcasts by their companions and, naturally enough, retort their worn. Some of these new Mossulmans, who have been chiefly induced to accept their new religion by a gratuity of three ducats, expending it on the forbidden cherab, have re'urned to the camp in a state of drunkenness, highly edifying to the new faith they have joint d. Bearding their former officers or insult ing the misery of their Christian companions with their good forme they have aroused the indignation of the latter. Quarrels have ensiled, and the army of the Nis= judging their new co-religionnaries per secuted on account of their conversion have hastily interfered with arms in hand. The fanaticism of both parties being brought into play, the disarmed refugees have been several times on the point of rush ing both on Twits and proselytes, and nothing bat the judgment and forbearance of the officers has pre vented a scene of indiscriminate slaughter. This unfortunate scheme of proselytism in which certain Turkish " old gentlewomen," have been prompted to adventure, in your correspondent's opinion, at the perfidiotuo suggestion of the Austrian and Russian agents, has no doubt been one cause wh the hospi tality of the padiseha has been perver. The re fugee soldiers, enclosed within the cordon of their camp, without covering, insufficiently clothed, and [ suffering from choler., are exposed to the hot sun by day, and to the bitteroold and Danube dews by night, whilst their converted brethren roam at large in the free enjoyment of the abundance lavish piety showers upon them. Their zealous patroes have, perhaps, rot thought the continuance of this hardship quite inexcusable in determining these stray sheep to enter into the prophet's told ; hence, perhaps, the protraction of their unrelieved amenity, and, even, it has been sue petite& of the perilous prolongation of their sojourn, where they are. The other cause is to be found in the unfortunate venality of so many of the Turkish employ& Between those who tarn aside the stream of the Sultan's bounty and those whom the Austrians or Russians have gained over, the really generous in tentions of the Porte are practically frustrated. The conduct of the Pacha of this place has been such as, in every way, to bring discredit on his government. Some of his civil officers are publicly pointed out as being in the pay of Russia, and have the auda city to insist on Englishmen repairing to the Aug- Wan Consul, who impudently assumes to have a British consular authority. Day by day complaints have been made in vain to the Pacha of the quantity or quality of rations or to take measures to prevent the collision apprehended. Kossuth, himself, has long in vain requested to be lodged in a house where he should have a second apartment. The Pasha whilst always treat ing his 'Nations guest as one whom his master I " delighteth to hontr.r,” and lavishly promising every thing that is asked, has never yet fulfilled a single promise. It is difficult to conceive a greater contrast than between the impressive dignity and emphatic [ eloquence of the late President of Hungary, and the low cunning of the little squab Constantinopolitan Paths, who represents or rather misrepresents here the inheritor of the Caliphs. It is a strange r i ght to witness his official pomposity absehed before the majestic self-possession of Kossuth and to see the in solence of his creatures awed by the demeanour and renown of the great Magyar leader. The first inter course of these men was marked by an incident illus trative of the slender line which divides the sublime from the ridiculous. Kossuth, who had baffled the streekth Steep et the bit European power., and obvious'', Glitalliedied the Austrian empire, when driven by the ilertenties of another power asst the treachery of his general to take refuge in the Ottoman &minim* limeade& a letter to the Turkish Paths to demand an asylum I. the territories of hie muter. This spied*, in which the President-Governor prh posed only to accept the hospitality of the Porte in the event of not embarraming its policy, and of being allowed to yeeoeed with his companions where they show, reselled to flattering terms the fact that the Sultans bad before accorded sanctuary to Charles the The waz i. m.zr o , bieg and Pokormy.. d vir w hen uim ogr on-r tzt went eat to meet Kosenth, his first question was about **Zing and all the personages mentioned in the letter, and he wee solicitous to know whether they had bees left in Wallachia. or had gone without his =aunt by the steamer down the Danube. Since the last post from Constantinople, a consider able change has taken place In the trea tment of the refugees, of which probably complaints had reached the Divan. The officers receive now the ample allow ance of the Turkish army, which no doubt all these weeks has been charged to the padischs. The troops are to be quartered within the town, and a very gen tlemanlike Bimbachi of the Nina' has brought the order from the commander-in-chief, Omar, to restore to the Hungarian officers their horses, which had been abstracted. A messenger from M. de Fon blanque, the British consul at Belgrade, is reported to bays arrived, warning the Pacha of the responsibility he incurs if the anticipated collision should take place through hie want of caution. Gen. Guyon and Mr. Longworth, the Circassian traveller, who served with distinction on his staff, have also, on the demand of Sir Stratford Canning, been this day liberated from restraint, but the Paths has shown his by obliging the general and his companion to start im mediately without permitting him to take a servant, but with his six hones, for Constantinople. This has been very painful both to the troops and Guyon, who was desirous to have remained to the last with Kos suth and his men, whose camp he commanded to the lest. Perhaps the reputation of our countryman, Guyon, stands higher than that of any general with the soldiers. His quiet, unassuming determination ; his persevering solicitude for their well-being, and the chivalrous daring of his attacks, have rendered him the most popular of their commanders. Faithful to the cause he had embraced, and devoted in his friendship and adherence to Kossuth, Guyon was the first to draw, the last to sheathe, the sword against Austria ; and though it was long the fashion to speak only of hie reckless daring, it is now generally be lieved that the war under his conduct would have assumed anu different aspect. It is hard that he should, after sharing with them so many perils, be thus forcibly separated from his men. There is a re port that the Porte having undertaken to keep there refugees in a place of safety, will clog the extension of Pe protection with inadmissible conditions, such as the exaction of a parole. It is to be hoped that it is not so, for to this Kossuth, for one, would never dream of submitting. For those who know the resolution of his character, entertain no doubt but that having made with the servants of the Porte his stipulations, the president governor, happen what may, will leave, without yielding, the reeponsibility of their infrac tion on the heads of his Turkish hosts. The difficulty of understanding why the Porte should have embar rassed itself by retaining the refugees at all upon its territory is really such as to give a colour to the ap prehensions still existing. There is no treaty—if by any treaty such a privilege could be conferred—which gives Rupee or Austria the right of extradition or anthorisse them to demand more than the withdrawal of political refugees from the frontier. The refugees, it must be observed, ask nothing better than to be allowed to proceed on their westward destination. They do not even propose to burden the hospitality of the Ports for their support. The Italian legion, for instance, commanded by Colonel Monti, and still num bering 500 of its onginel muster-roll of 3,000, would be received u it is into the Sardinian service. In connexion with this legion in particular, and the emigration generally, the generous conduct of the brothers Cerrutti should not be overlooked. M. Cerrutti, the Sardinian Consul-general at Belgrade, hastened to despatch passports to the refugees, which he forwarded by his own brother, M. Louts Cerrutti, his vice-consul, who only reached the emigrants at great personal ri.k. To the courageous exertions of this gentleman, himself for some days in consequence placed under restraint by Zia, Pacha of Widdin (whose name, by the bye, in Arabic signifies some thing like "teaser"), is probably due the prevention of calamitous violence: and hie personal exertions, un der most trying circumstances, were effectual in di rectly saving the lives of four of his unfortunate countrymen. BELGRADE, Ocr. 21. I have jest learned what, no doubt, you have been long before this acquainted with, the fall of Comorn, and the sanguinary executions consequent on the re lief from the restraints which the occupation of this fortress by the Magyars still imposed upon the Austrian cabinet. Comorn, the strongest fortress in the world, before which Napoleon turned aside, and garrisoned by 35,000 men, with 700 cannon, 6,000 quintals of pow der and salpetre, and two years' provisions, was, if properly defended, impregnable except by famine. Commanding five commis, it was a kingdom in itself. No approaches could be made against the body of the place : it could only have been stormed over the frozen Danube ; and the garrison it con ta:ned, comprising some of the best Hungarian regi ments, could not really have been prevented from breaking upon any one side through the investing army, unless amounting to from 150,000 to 200,000 men. I must first, by a few details of the capitulation just received from one of the garrison of Comore, who has reached here, expose the disgraceful bad faith of the besiegers. _ _ It was stipulated in the articles of the capitulation, amongst other things, that the soldiers should be disbanded, and proceed freely to their homes ; that the officers desiring it should receive passports to quit the kingdom; and that the notes of Kossuth in their posseorion should be exchanged at par against Aus trian bank-notes. The second of these articles has been in this man ner evaded. It was declared that no passports would be given after fcnr-and-twenty hours. The crowd of officers besieging the office, admitted one at a time, were detained by the vexations questions and insult ing remarks of the official, the average space of half an hour each, and the office was closed early. At the expiration of the four-and-twenty hours, the remain der were either treated as vagabonds, or arrested as no longer participating in the advantages of the capitulation. When the notes constituting the long accumulated pay of the garrison, and the recognition of which was a powerful incentive to surrender, were brought to be exchanged, it was explaincd that cnly the notes of Kossuth made within the fortress world be received, and these, representing only small change, were quite inconsiderable. With regard to the peivetee, they are already told malioionely that on reaching their homes they will be enlisted again, "not became they were in the rebel army, but be cause that fact cannot exempt them from duties they would otherwise have been called on by the emperor to fulfil." Need I speak of the absurd accusation of Count Batthyany having known aught of Latour's murder P The trial and acquittal of Pnlzby's secretary proved that the Hungarians bad no hand whatever in the Viennese demonstration, and the death of Latour was the result of a mere accident. Smoika, president of the Austrian Diet, a man gained by Austria and the same who refused to receive the deputation from the Hungarian Diet, withdrew Latour from his hiding place in a wardrobe, and explained to him that the only way to appease the fury of the multitude was to sign the recall of the troops whose mutiny when seat against the Hungarians bad caused the insurrection. 'Atone signed the recall, and Smolka presented first the recall and then Latour himself from the window to the people, who were retiring satisfied when Latour unluckily afterwards showed himself at the court-yard balcony, and here the mob, ignorant of the concessions he had made, and catching sight of their victim, rushed up and killed him by the side of Smolka. before silence could be procured. The chivalrous Nagy-Sandor, the brave and accom plished Aelich, and Damianilch, the most able of the Hungarian generals, who hsd been so uninterruptedly merciful in success, have perished by the hands of the common hangman. Seves, commanuant of Blida, and his four sons, were, under the immediate super intendence of Haynao, in like manner executed, with this aggravation of barbarity that they w ere turned' off one afrer the other in the sight of the father. General Kish has been shot. All this takes place simaitaasowdy with the promulgation of hypo critical proclamations by this perfidious cabinet, en joining moderation and mercy to its generals. Some hopes had been held out that his life would have been spared that his immense fortune would have been allowed to ransom It, but his countrymen are now the determining cause of this sanguinary act in a fact with which your readers shculd be made acquainted. He was a heavy creditor of several personage s now in power, and in particular of Hideaki, who owed him 170,000 forms. Your readers will not find this incident, I dare say, in the Memo Zeitiotg, ordustrian Lloyd. Suchaninsinnation could not be for a moment entertained in a western eountry, but the depravity brought every moment before one's eyes, when one peeps behind the scenes In Austria, would go far to remove one's incredulity. The paper just mentioned mills, for instance, that the shares of the Navigation Company of the Austrian Lloyd, chiefly in the possession of tletternicb, were down to nothing. The riga/Atm =mood the hitherto untaxed Trieste with a tax, and to arrest this evil the inhabi•ants mustered the capital to est the company afloat and buy up at the improved price all the shares from Metternich. This notorioueftet is a mere specimen of the scanda lous ep'sodes which attach to the lives of three-fourths of the men who preside over the destinies of the Austrian empire, from Bohwarzenberg downwards. What a contrast to the Roman probity of Knewith, who, after having handled millions of pounds sterling, sent beck, on a mere constitutional scruple, from Arad when proceeding into exile, and with extensive 'pecuniary claims tins itisfied on his country, 200.0001. sterling in gold ingots, and crossed the frontier with 2001. as his sole wealth! By the bye, the news has just arrived that Austria has been obliged to recognise his notes, the large at 50 per cent., the intermediate at 70, and the small at per. This is what it was an ticipated at Widdin she would be obliged to do. The Hunfrarian credit in defeat is exceeding that of Austria in her victory. General Mogya, we just learn, too, has been condemned to five yews impri sonment—a just retribution on his treachery, but an in famous example of Austrian perfidy. The proofs of Mogva's boasted treason to the Hungarians are indis putaLle. Does he owe his c mdemnation to having injudiciously in his defence accused high peronages of not having had the common intelligence to secure the Hungarians when delivered into their hands, or has he, like several others, been sacrificed on the same principle on which certain tribes of savages, when they cannot parade the head cf an enemy, purloin that of a friend P Certainintelligence has just been received that Razz., the fimous proti stant preacher, together with Generals Veisy, Torok, Pollenberg, Schweidel, D. Dessewffy, Lazir, and Count Leiningen, related to our Queen, has been hanged. UNITED STATES. Oar New York correspondent writes as follows : NEW YORK, Ocr 23, 1849. Some dismsaion has arisen as to the course of our government in relation to the repeal of the British Navigation Acts, in declaring the effect of our act of 1817. I have already informed yen chit the public were first enlightened on that subject by a private letter of Mr. Meredith, the Secretary of the Treasury, addre<sed to the respectable house of Barclay and Livingston, and next, by the offi-ial circulars to our collectors of the revenue. I It is said that for a short time the cabinet hesitated as to the construction of the act of 1817, but finding the former secretary of the treasury, Mr. Walker, had been decided in his opinions, and, in fact, had com mitted the department by his circular of 1847. Mr. Meredith took a similar course of action. After the first of January, then, British vessels may come from any other country with cargoes, and land them here, and one can do the same in England. It is certainly a wondrous I innovation on antiquity, and will make a sensible difference in our trade. We suppose that Yankee shrewdness is a match for the world, and that we shell be essential gainers by this new reciprocity. On one side it is said that ship-building will become a leading occupa tion on the lakes, since the St. Lawrence will be practically open to our vessels, and that this alone will be of incalculable benefit. Again, that we shall be able to make up cargoes abroad for the British ports, which will give us a rued of freights and pro fits which we have not before enjoyed. On the other side it is affirmed that our ports will la! filled with British ships navigated in the most economical manner, which will la: the destruc tion of our own shipmasters., and that nothing can prevent the instant establishment of lines of British steamers between this country and all other Euro pean countries whence we draw supplies. Thus under the British flag we shall have a Hurt and New York line of steamers. The experiment, how ever, is to be fairly tried, and Mr. Iselin has just returned to Havre from this port after having, as believed, effected arrangements here to get up a line of steamers from this port to Havre. Our Drench trade requires this accommodation without further delay. The Poussin affair is almnst forgotten. I met him at the custom-house the other day, where he was searching for a box containing some tneobles for his official residence. It had unfortunately arrived too late for his advantage. The only new circumstance connected with his dismissal is this, that a laboured defence of him recently appeared in one of our city papers. It had been previously refused by several contemporaries, although they were told that ten thousand dollars would be cheerfully paid if the ent -me cordiale could be restored. We are much gratified with the view the Daily News has taken of the diffi culty. It is characterised by a liberality of opinion towards the United States, and that practical good sense which strongly characterises its articles. Apropos to diplomacy. I am informed on the highest authority that the discussion of the Nicaragua question between our secretary and your representive, at Washington, has thus far been a very friendly one. And on the same authoril I assure you that our government intends to make a stand on this Mosquito question. I inquired in what way was our stand to be taken; I was told, that force would be resorted to in case any attempt was made by any British forces or fleet to obstruct the navigation of the San Juan. You have in this single sentence the whole of our policy on this subject, and volumes of diplomatic notes would only have this as their table of contents. (From the New York Tribune for Europe.) A convention of delegates from the different states in the union assembled at St Louis on the 15th inst., to consider the project of a railroad to the Pacific. Four hundred and siaty-four delegates were present, of whom 264 were from Kentucky, 47 from Illinois, 20 from New York, 13 from Ohio, and the remainder from Signori, Tennessee, Indiana, lowa, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and New Jona,. Col. Benton made one of his long and elabora e speeches on the importance and nationality of the road. This was received with warm approbation by the con vention. The Committee of Resolutions, consisting of three from each stet*, reported a series of resolutions, recommend ing congress to provide for the formation of a great Wink road to the Pacific in California, with a branch to Oregon, from some point on the Missia-ippi as may be found eligible. After a protracted and earnest discussion of several plans and routes that were suggested, the cony, nion adjourned on the 18th, to re-useable at Philadelphia on the Ist of April next, to resume the consideration of the subject. A destructive fire took place at New Orleans on the even ing of the 7th lust., by which five steamboats were com pletely destroyed—the Falcon, the Aaron Hat, the North America, the Illinois, and the Marshal Ney. Not a vestige of the steamers or their cargoes remains. Even the per anal effects of the passengers and crew were totally eon anted. Several farmers from the west, who had brought down their produce on these boats, have lost everything, and an now strangers in New Orleans, destitute of money and clothes. The total loss of vessels and eargo is about 260,000 dots. TIIE EARLY DISCOVERY OF TIIE BERMONDSEY MIIRDIIIL—It will be recollected that on the fint occasion of any particulars of this affair being brought bet we the public, it was mentioned that the discovery of the murder was in the first instanoe mainly if not entirely owing to the intelligence sad exertions of a subordinate officer of cus toms, named Flinn, who, on finding him absent from his official duties at the docks, made inquiries at his residence, and also that of the Meanings, and ultimately prom cuted his ramerches until the affair was brought to light, 1 1 and the body having been discovered, the fugitives were tracked and brought to Jul ice. Another im portant point in this matter appears to have escaped the notice of the authorities, which is, that Flinn first gave intimation of his well-grounded suspicions t ths local police, and obtained their distinct promise that the house in Min vei -place should be watched, and, if this had been dna., the Manning. would not so easily have effected their esospe, and the subsequent expense attending their capture, and the anxiety produced in the public mind during the time which elapsed, would have been altogether avo.ded. sentiments. COLONIAL. CANADA. (From the New York Tribune) MonTimm., Wednesday, On 17. N O. — Annu stisa the question of the day. Walk through the struts nal Na vin hear fragmentary exclamations from the groups at openers upon " connexion." " rociproeity,“ & e . e ta wrs one talks, and a few think. In addition to the 325aawwv" first appended to the Address to the People, there ha s, -- - °Bcill.tistsh"ciondedn'eximoankisintiginalthtogeethmeear 11997timelQh::014::Vstbeell..a The following declaration hu been circulated • diar ing tbs . post two days, and has received over app signatures la d i t said will receive 2,000 during the week. , [This document has already appeared in the Daily News} It is signed already by at lea s t as large a b o d y of with, able influential men as the first, and if what is predicted—ha, out true, it will exceed it in numbers . rs. About 140 h ea th - Canadians have signed the first; these are " Young Ceawkii The are few men of wealth or influence among aki. but they are enthusiastic and sincere. Ail the reedy 'f.' hands will he, it is said, on the con nex i on side, aced ma th ., they are very firm and determi ne d i n their opinion. s.. great apish and activity will be displayed by all the nents or annexation in Montreal, which was not ex a now few day und ins w, the to act pa ivtiry being rather lukew arm. They eats roty. So much for Montreal. In Quebec all the men or a h. out exception, have come out against the movement. o th papule, Corsrazieo, which was supposed to agree sath L'Atenir and its supporters. his, to the surprise ka le ,. come out dead against it. There will be no nowt y. all in Quebec, I think, nor noni all the populous diari s t around it. There have been pronciamentotin mit a floes of Montreal, in the country as yet, but some are t a u t of. In Upper Canada the press is openly and donde* w opposition to it. The Glole, the arena of the party l a hi. thority, is violent on the subject. Ti'. tory journal, tth Hamilton Spectator, and Tomato Colonist, and haw, are quite as bad ; and such is the (feline displayed, natj t ' s w ill h e a hardy night that will hoist the flag of upstag e' s,. Upper Canada. One tory paper in Kingrton, the Chronic', and News, alone gives an uncertain sound en the iineth at. The lib. reel members of Montreal have published a amis s declaration against annexation, in the following terms: [This correspondent, whose leanings are teendisly against annexation, copies a docu ment s i gned by thine* members of the legislature, residing at Montreal, favourable t. British connexion, viz : Mears J. Lieb e rfj . Bourret, A. N. Morin, L. M. Vigor, Melee. Cuitsrena, H. Price, Louis T. Drummond, N. Demos, Geo. C.rtia, Pierre Davignon, L. Lacoste, Wol feed Nelson, anti A. Johie. but omits a fact which the Mine , ve, edited for M. ulna tains, by Lodger Duverney (one of the prouribed of 1837.8), volunteers to supply, namely, that among the thirteen time are salaried officers In the receipt of more - than 20,000 doli a year. Two gentlemen of opporite view'', write us nat a l, from Montreal, thus supplying the reader with both kilted important Canadian questions.—Ed. Trik] The seat of government questien is vet unsettled. Thee cabinet met at Toronto on Wednesday, and, it is ail, es. F - rned to meet again at Drummondville. near Nissa s Falls, whither the governor went on Monday to jin family. In Toronto they hove managed matters yell: 11 true bills have been found against as many indikdoth fa endeavouring to burn the governor in efliny. Two of they are common councilmen of the city, and noted leaden tins Orangemen. At the Home District Astir's, on Friday last, Rene Saadi, private in the Rifle Brigade, was tried .or the nat der of Thchard Eastwood, private in some brigade, in Ai, last, found guilty, and sentenced by Chief Justice Sullins to be hanged next month. It is said that property is rising is value in Toronto anticipation of its being mode the sea' of vvernment. Fire hundred more houses would probably he required to me , modate all the people who would move with the unman& Toronto has only 3,793 occupied, and 341 vacant, and nay of these would not be of the class required -by the gowns meant officers, so that a very great increase in rents not be the consequence of the removal. The exports of agricultural produce from Clerelmd, Oki), to Canada in 1848 are valued at 142,312 dols , igailet is ports from Canada to the same place of 21 969 dole 15e. Reciprocity, it appears, would banefi". Cleveland more eta Canada. Notwithstanding the hard times, we have found m•emts beautify our city a little. A fountain is in process of omv 'traction in the Plies d'Aroses, one of the fines: , quotes as this continent, considering its size and that of the city. Visitors to Montreal will recollect that on the square stand, the magnificent cathedral, the largest in America, the semi nary, and the Bank of Montreal, the latter of which eat 200,000 doles. There is a little more building going on cot than hitherto during the paz. year. e- - - (From the Montreal Herald of OA. 17.) The Canadian delegates from the British North Amities League, met the delegates from Nova Semi' and Na Brunswick in this ci'y on Ssturday lest. IVe have le official account of the proceedings of these gentlemen; bet from private mum., we learn that they determined adhere to their former conclusions—Bret. that the easy cannot go on as it is at present ; second, that the remedy for the acknowledged evil is independence of Great Britain— described in languege more or lees dirinet—and a union of the several British Norsk American Cl- nits, with a motes the tariff against British and other foreign geode. Tamil to be another meeting of the members of this body at To• ronto, and still another at Halifax. NOVA SCOTIA. The journals of this province are chiefly filled with diecussions on matters of local improvement—a good sign of the condition of the population. NEW BRUNSWICK. A report had been prevalent in St. Joht'o, aMr days previous to the 20th ult.. that an immediate dissolution of the assembly wu to take place. The government Gazette, however, continued silent ea the subject. NEWFOUNDLAND. Our dates from this colony are to the 18th alt. The Cus.onse establishment has been remodelled, and the former collector succeeded by the Hon. Mr. Kest, Speak. rof t'.e Assembly. The former official arrived here in the Osprey. Before leaving, a public dinner was given him, at which 24 gentlemen attended. The various branches of industry are receiving a mom than ordinary sure of attention from the press of the colony. It is intended to begin weaviog domestio cloth similar to our homespun, and steps are about being taken by the governcr to procure from this province a requisite number of teachers of the art, u well as a supply of wool to com mence operations. The increased value of the agricultural products of the island is spies of 68 a gratifying reminiscence. The fishermen from the Labrador coast had generally returned, with foss somewhat less than those of last year. A very lugs number of Spanish vessels (about 60) have loaded at Newfoundland this season. Disturbances in the streets at night have been of frequent recurrence at St. John's, and a night police is abaut to be organised. R. 'igloos services had been held in the Wesley's chapels, in gratitude for preservation from choler. BERMUDA. From this island there are dates to the 19th it The journals are devoid of interest. They are taken up with discussions on the merits of the speech with which the Governor had closed the session of the legislature. The revenue of Bermuda is said to amount, in round numbers, to 10,000 dollars. A SHIPWRECK ON THE COAST OF AFRICA. The Massager du Midi of the 30th ult. relates the fallowing ace , wit of the shipwreck of the twig La Lucie, of Adge, on the coast of Africa. The narrator is one o f men who were the heroes et this lamentable story : " On the 27th of June last the new palaces brig, the Lucie, of 213 tons burden, and manned by a crew of eight persons, including the captain, M. V. Lavialle, lift the port of Algiers in ballast, with beautiful weather, bound fa Gores and Gambia, where a cargo of arachicks awaited it, destined fur Marseilles. On the 13th of July, at 10 o'clock I the weather was dreadful; the sea threatened to swallow up the vowel, and a tremendous leak was soon soros'. Several manoeuvres to caulk the seams were tried is vain ; the two boats used in these operations were hurled against the side of the brig, and several of the crew narrowly escaped drowning. Exhausted by fatigue they resolved to await the dawn. Whea daylight appeared, however, it only served toshow the panicvtruken manses the fearful position in which they were placed;—the Lucia was wrecked on the coast of the great desert of Sahara, which was the very entipodes of iti course. The sea still rari with the utmost fury. Various manoeuvres were tried, bit without any result. It was necessary to renounce them, and to resort to other measures. Each man then made a parer) of his clothes ; a sail served for the preservation of a small quantity of provisions • the mainmast was cut down, and on this Ira 1 piece of woo d men, various l a d es , reached the shore, net without having experience d the most cruel sufferings. Having landed, the manners raised a teat with the sail, and 'napped from their long fatigues until the morning of the 15th of July, when they began that march along the coast, towards St. Louis ( I Senegal, more than 100 leagues distant from the site of their ihipererk; They were dejeeted and depressed in spirits, and tears Um their ryes. On the evening of the third day's march their scanty supply of water failed them, and it was then rocked (horr.ble to relate) that their common urine should be orh . lected in • glass bottle, and this was for four dips their mil beverage. But the fifth day the bottle received nought bat blood, and salt water provided the place of urine. Eight days had already elapsed s i nce th em unhappy wretches too d bid adieu to the Lucie. In this arid country, the soil el which was burning sand, no vestige of humanity had IS appeared to rekindle hope in their hearts. The raProi°l however, still uttered expressions of encouragement as consolation. On the morning of the ninth day, Cap* Blanco presented itself, sad the travellers descried two Moors, vet o by signs gave them to understand that the; weer neer a habitation where they would be favourably M. ceived. 'Courage!' cried our sailors, who directed their steps t. wards the spot. They soon reached a wretched Ci whence a Moor emerged, and, with lcud vociferation', led. hallo, on the small quantity of provisions that still recneiln to them. The eight sailors allowed themseins to be robbed / T with Iu duet Intel rOSCI