The Express. — London, England, 1849-10-31 00:00:00

• EIF WORK BY Tlia AUTHOR OF "JAMS STILL" Sad noddy, la 3 vala. gast CZ II IBLB Y. By Comm BELL, Author d “ Jaw Lyn." Soak Dam sad Ow. CarabllL Vie ergireoo. OUTGOING MAILS. The West India Mails, inelndlag Berunida, Havaess, Newsaie-illandsires, New Wawa, and Meziso, sad enchain those tsr Madeira, St. Jsau-deeNiesragets, New Granada, Chili, end Porn, will be sods up on Nov. 2. Tile wails for British North America and the Milted Butes will be weds up on the evening of Nov. 2. Tito sails for Madeira, the Erni* and BINGO, Ayres, wilt be made op on Nov. 6. VIA =sib via Kimble; to the Mediterraneaa, Egypt, Ceylon, India, Hong-Kong, will be made up oa the westing of Nov 7. Tile sent wails f r Lisboa, Spsio, sad Oibraltar will be wed* wp en Nov. 7. Tbo mallets/ Wheats; Malta, Grasse, the lonian Islands, la Callao, ladts, and Chia, via Bouthareptes, al Z la mule up on the inersiag of N n nv. 20. 1111011 WATII AT LCATDON 111.1DOL TAN D. —Menasit. 11. 11a......... 11L44 N. C.lpossol•—affulas. as. Aftaresas. IA NAL LoNDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 31. It't doubt that any sovereign in Europe, except the monarchs of its two extremes, both of geographi cal pod ion and political system—Russia and Eng. laml --could go at present through the crowd, each of their metropolis, amidst the weLome and gladness of the populations. Q men VICTORIA certainly could do so, and did so yesterday, through her cocain and children. The scene was joyous mid splendid, and the festivity magnificent, though the object was bit the opening of a great mart of trale. A foreigner might have bean astonished at a re cession and a ceremony that had neither a religions character nor a martial object. Yet what could be more appropriate than that a Queen of ENGLAND should r in person to ioaugurate the temple to coal P Tee flumes Emperor was wont to put his hand onos a veer to the plough. Our Queen and court might wi r inaugurate the Exchange of that commodity that Lae brought the extremes of the island within a few boors of each other, and the ends of the world within a few weeks of London. And this element—for it is the concentration of ore, If not cf two—had its temple worthily inau gurated. The gnat, and the nealfhy, and the lovely of the land were there. Architecture, and ornament, and hospitality, did their parts. From the Duke of WELt.incros, the veteran of politics and war, to the yontg Prince of WALES. whose reign may see the ni aura wonders of a growing epoca., all ages, and re finale:sneer, and prospects were there. A .atl yet what discrepstees ! The magnificent temple, ahnist on the brink of a most magnificent river, was still with difficulty approachable. Situated in a lane, by the side of another lane, in the midst of I whole city of :ate., we defy the royal carriage to have got to it in any cleanliness, dignity, or decorum. The water was had recourse to u an open path—yet even there Billitrgate was to be threaded, seen. or smelt, and the hideous Custom House contsruplated, ere the Temple of the Black Diamond could be ap poached, even from the Thames, by royalty. We trust this very difficull and obstruction svi.! maggot improvement; and that the river will not remain so completely a more elatuum with store boue a, whilst the chief streets which run parallel and bear to it are like so many stable lanes. It is quite iternlible that wealth and =aunties should so cos ts n'cdly pig together. We have alluded to whet a foreigner might think of these sights and contrasts. Aod certainly if we Bret *bowed him the low and fil.hy shed under which al: the fish fur the coosumption of London is disposed of, and then took him to view the peke.* on London bridge where the fishmongers dine, he could be mar vPllously astonished at how much better these trades people treat themselves than they treat the public. flaying thus made free to criticise the City es be even-banded and venture a few remarks on the court personnel. There was fault in that, as in Trends-street; it was too narrow, too full of gentry o! the mine craft and name. It was too mach a rtihering of the GREYS, the ELLIOTTS, and the lietres, who do certainly continue to monopolise to :Ty place of ceremony and emolument. So at least we see &Jai the programme of the procession. First in it came the C .mmodore HENRY Entre, senior officer of the Thames, in the commodore's gig. Trite followed the barge of the admirsl of the Nore, the Hon. Georroz ELLIOTT. The Queen's and the Lord Mayor's barges of course occupied the chid ?Are of the procession. But in the barge imme diaLely af•er we have Captain Etmorr, and then an EVEN, and so on. Would it not be better if olfi 'es of court, like tho , e in the City, had a little more of the • ceive and lees of the hereditary principle—more solidity and less nepotism? It would at least wand fs:- better as a Programme. We would not, however, visit with criticism too .tvere a festivity, in which Caret and City meet, a hippy conjunction of c pposite, if not rival powers, wt kh betokens loyal and royal confidence, and a neon of two great sources of irranden.r and prosperity %bleb we trust never to see disjoined. 'fits seam of agricultural meetings is drawing to a c'oee, and we certainly cannot cong ratulate our aural friends on the result of their autumnal eranguea. As we uticipated, the voice of the tenant-farmer has been but seldom heard. His com p'tin a and his sorrows have been made known—so fee rti they have been declared—chiefly by his "friends." With an occasional exception or two here and there, the "farmers' friends" who have sruiren of late may be divided into two classes ; the Jr stale who urge them to improvements, and the I very kind friends who tell them no improvements sin gave them from ruin. Of the first ells% Lord BROUGHAM and Lord LOWTHER, who Ms c turs s 1 on the advantages of draining and the mira culous efficacy of terming account books, may be taken as specimens ; while the Marquis of GRANBY, at Lughborough, and Major BERIONORD, at Saffron- Widen, telling the farmers that all their efforts to ei.stain themselves against foreign competition must be 1 terly hopeless, are examples of the latter class. 'I be former represent the landowners who have be elect recent converts to the policy of free trade ; who were protectionists as long u protection was defen sible. but abandoned the food-monopoly in its last extremity. They are now great on the efficacy of mentors., and the importance of high-farming. 111( ir present object does not differ from that for whick they supported the corn laws : they seek to keep up rents. Now we are not disposed to quarrel with a landlord for seeking to make t^e moat of his property. The value of land eolei•te in the income it will produce. But when 1 .id, and landed gentlemen acme forward to lecture ti.e farmers on the necessity of improvement, urging t tat to increase their outlays of capital on other •'4 land, and in terms sotroely disguised upbraid. i:.g I .em for want of activity, skill, and enterprise, it is oliy resaleable to ask whether these self-constituted it tit factors fairly state ties whole case? Is the value of ' , total applications of capital to the culture of land * matter of re ant discovery? Without depreciating in. ee•te scientific investigations as applied to egrical to e, it may be fairly said, that as yet they . have thistle shown wby certain of the acts and practices of circled husbandman are beneficial and profitable; the y have done little more than test by science th e e ~ ulions at which the farmer hart arrived by olutrystioa and experience. Now the gentlefolks wh) talc at agricultural meeting. are reading men, vs hii o the farmers, who listen, are practical men not t talk, especially in the presence of Nothing is easier to a fluent Fs educated politician, than to get up a array of rural learning, and to show not develop one half of the capacity which exists in their farms. Tbe dumb-foundered at the time • bet cimments at the next market table, ' soon be meet why capital is • the cultivation of land—uncials-' attractive occupation in the world— art other iadastrions emplymehts of One farm is overrun with game,. red with high arc' wide hedgerows, it is not permitted to reduce because the game; soother is deficient in ilrd is injured by redundant timbt r or moisture, and so forth. Of all such meet with scarcely a hint in the improvement preachiag landowners. 1 . to .c.h given to Mil th,ir landlords. . . ?Jr Chancellor, or an ad ni - :**t impanel nrra3 t' a - firmer* do not t.. 4 prodection whit br:ners are dual I. ar their ointmw eqd tt will est no* retracted to t tix.t.bly the Inlet at A. readily as to the the community. ( a 'AI ..vc*shsootred c tie'. he tenant is tit. i harbmar the Li:" aloge ; s third i 1. I' . cup- !abundant mai rh.taelee we meet 41 *perches of the imp THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 31, 1849. I hod the pleasure of an interview a few days since 1 with my friend Mr. Zechrisson, of the house of Zachriason and Nelson, at Panama. He bu just arrived, and he assume ate that the Nicaraguan rout. is impracticable on one mount. Hpasses through a volcanic) region, and there is no surety, that soy works can be made penunsuent. It most not, however, be forgotten that hti has a personal interest at Panama. My own itoprevalon is that the capital required to make a ship navigation between the Atlantic and PaCifi3 by the Nicaragua route will be so large that it never can be raised. The railway across the Isthmus, at Panama, is a work that will be completei in a very short time. Mr. Sidon, the engineer-in -chief, informed me on Satur day, that the con'racta hod been taken, and that the corps of engineers would depart for the scene of operations in the coarse of six wake. Hat, affairs will soon be so well settled in 1 that direction as to prevent all competition. Great 1 improvements are projected to make Panama more convenient fur steamers, and several small yowls of this descri_p tion are now building in this city as tend ers to the Pacific line. You thus perceive that Ame can enterprise is by to meats mere talk. Other nations have had these opportunities, but they never embraced them. At the last dates the people of California had assem bled at Monterey (August 2), and in convewion, for the purpose of framing such a constituti n, and mak ing such arrangements as will enable than to carry the territory into the union as a state. Many of the delegates I personally know, and I am quite stir prixed to find so many distinguished men all at once active in this distant land to secure to California the advantages of a rate government. Nothing can pre vent them from thus coming into the union; it is the general wish that they should come in, and probably the next congress will give the requisite assent. It is with us the eeriest thing in the world to get up a' state. Legislation is familiar to us, and without tie. tion, without estrangements, without bloodshed, we compose ourselves into a constitutional quiet which nothing can disturb. We may contend for power, but we always agree as to our laws. It is worthy of particular remark that many Mexi cans of wealth and high reputation are active mem bers of the Convention, end at least two of them are already spoken of se likely to represent California in the senate of the United States. Yesterday the steamers Ohio and Empire City left this port for the isthmus, with a very large number of passengers, at least 800. The spirit of emigration seems in no way abated. It is, in fact, scarcely awake. This is the first time that Americans have had to cross the seas, to "each their own territory. There is an excitement about it which suits the cha racter of our people, but it is accompanied by a new set of ideas. In England, India represents to your adventurers, perhaps, what California does to us yet with this difference—we have inexhaustible mines of gold, and India has yielded ap most of its treasures. I presume that the difficulties now endured by our miners will vanish, so far as personal comfort is concerned. At all the placers good dwellings will shortly be found, steamers will ply on the Sacra mento and Joachim, the cost of living will be reduced, and the operations of mining be more regular and scientific. Ido not believe, from what I can gather, that one-half of the gold territory has yet been ex plored. In Lower California there is probably as much ore as in Upper California. The Mormons are gatherir g large amounts at their settlements. Let me now conclude this letter with some domes tic items. Miss Bremer has arrived here, and is much caressed. I hope to have the pleasure of seeirg her in a few days, and I shall probably have something' to say about her. I fell into a very curious mistake not long since in mentioning the rumour that Mrs. Fanny Kt able Butler was about to marry a gentleman of the name of Sedgwick. As Mr. Sedgwick's wife, as Engllah lady, is still living, the rumour is ridiculously untrue. Mrs. Butler has a pretty residence of her own in Berkshire, Massachusetts, and recently gave a fete chanspetre which astonished the natives. I regret to inform yon that our poet novelist, Mr. Hoffman, is again seriously indisposed with a return of his malady, and fears are entertained that he will not recover. Mr. Bancroft, who has purchased an elegant resi dence in this city, has been and is still seriously indisposed. The symptoms, however, are not yet of the worst form. Mrs 'Bancroft is also unwell. Charlotte Cushman has been playing to crowded houses, and wish eminent success, but some of her popularity has been jeoparded by her bringing out with her an English actor, to support her in her prin cipal characters. This is truly American like, to find fault with any act which appears to indicate a doubt of our superiority. Oar shop. are filled with beautiful French goeds which are preferred to all others. The only competi tion I have lately seen on the part of your English artists for the market here, is in that of porcelain mantelpieces of very elegant workmanahtp. They are very likely to be adopted. FINANCE OP THE COUNTY OP MIDDLERHX.—The usual accounts of the receipts and expenditure of the sweaty of Middlesex treasurer, Mr. Charles Pettit Allen, have just been issued, being made up from July to October. It ap pears that the total receipta under the ordinary county rate (including( 3691. Is. the produce of prison labour) amounted to 25,7841. ls. Id., and the total expenditure in respect thereof to 28,3741. 14s. 104., leaving a balance of 2,4091.8 r. 3d. Of this expenditure, 7,6801. was in respect of the Cold beth-fields Prison (including tootle* annuities, Be.) ; 5,7361. 10s. 7d. (including payment of interest and portions of principal of mortgages) was in respect of the Tothill Fields Prison, and 2,0011. fis. Id. (including ditto), in Te epee of the New House of Detention at Clerkenwell. The Conners' foes were 2,3021 61. 2d.; expenses of removals of Scotch and Irish pnupers,2,62ll. 4e, Sri. ; prosecutions at the Central Criminal Court and Middlesex Einsione, 2,1871. 16s. 10d. The sum received under the 8& 9 Vie,. c. 28, for the purposes of the lunatic asylum at Hanwell was 8,9741. fie. 10d. • expenditure, 3,2801. lls. 10d.; balance, 3,6931. 161. Rec eived under the act for building en addi tional lunatic whim at Colney Hitch, 88,4941. 3s. 10d. ; expenditure, 87,77111. Os. 6d. ; balance, 7211. 3s. 4d. HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THB WEEK.—The Registrar-General reports that the total number of deaths registered io London in the week ending lair Saturday was 902 ; the weekly average of five autumns is 1,162 ; the pre sent return, therefore, shows • decrease of 280 deaths on the estimated mortality of the season. The numbers in the last three weeks, during which the mortality has continued to fall below the average, have been successively 1,076, 1,028, and 902. In last week only 26 deaths from cholera were registered ; the numbers retuned is the first three weeks of October were respectively 288,110, end 41. Of the 26 deaths of the week, 1 occurred is the sub-district of Long. erre, 2in the distrist of Pancras, lin Islington, lin the workhouse at Lowe Mossootes, 1 (after puerperal Perito nitis) in Cock.eourt, Bisiggegate. 3 in the district of Shore ditch, 3 in Bethnal-green, 7i. Whitechapel, 4 in St. George in-the-East, 1 in Stepney, 2 in Poplar, and 1 in each of the following district' :—Bermondsey, St. George (Southwark), lambeth, and Camberwell. The deaths from Wareham and dysentery In the last week, were 61; the average is 27 ; their continuous decline is shown by the Ivanhoe returned in the first three weeks of October, which were 146, 105, and 83. Typhus was fatal in 62 caws; the weekly average is 68. From small pox there were 7 deaths (about a third of the average) ; whilst those from measles, scarlatina, and hoer ieg•cough were respectively 20, 33, and 16 , the three epidemics exhibiting at present only • half of the usual mortality. The mortality from phthisie is also much leas than the nasal amount. B•sidee • case of cholera, already referred to, the deaths of 13 women, after childbirth, were registered in the week. The reading of the barometer was 30 fa. on Wednesday; the mean reading of the week was 2987. The mean temperature has been throughout the week higher than the average of t"e same wish of 7 years; on the last five days it was from 9 to 12, degrees higher than the average of corresponding days. The mesa of the week was 55 dives. ALARMING FIRE IN HOLBORN.—Last evening_ * fire occurred upon the premier in the occupancy of Mr. Alfred Hill, a dentist, carrying on business at No. 19, King strait, Holborn. The flames sonthessod in the workshop, at the rear of the private residence, from, it was stated, the upsetting of a Depths lamp. The persons in the building, • gentleman and a lad, in their anxiety to get the fire sub dued, were severely burned, more modally the youth, who wee removed to the hospital. Several engines were soon at the spot, and the flume were extinguish* I, but not until the premises in which the onthreek commenced were en tirely destroyed. Mr. Hill was set fumed. FATAL ACCIDENT.—A melancholy accident, at tended with a fatal result, occurred at the house of Mr. William Harris, St. John's-green, Writtle, during the hours of divine service is the .ernoc.n of Sunday last. It appears that Mr. and Mrs. Harris left home in the afternoon to visit friends at Broomfield, leaving • younger ion and another lad 18 yeas of age to take we of the house. Soca after they had leaf Richard Saelt, aged 15, and Jame Bush, son of a blacksmith, called is to sit with young Harris, with whom they were &repainted, and whilst the letter went out to get sense water, Bush, serrieg a patent walking-stick gun bangle,/ up about six feet from the flew, took it down from the e. Ding to examine it. Whilst so doing the contents ex ploded, and the charge was lodged in the right side of Sash. Mr Barlow, surg on, promptly attended, but life was found to he extinct. The lamentable occurrence, which was purely the malt of accident, adds another proof to the too frequent evidence of the imprudence of suffering fire-arms to remain loaded in • dwelling-horse thoeseible to those who are thee primped in handling them.—Ewa Herold. CD' Court. WINDSOR, OCT. 30.—Their Royal Highttesaze the Princes. Aloe dad Prince Alfred toik walking and pony reise this morning in the Siopes and Windsor-park. Tee Pliant/0 Helena and Pilsen& Loui.e took their usual air ing.. His Royal I:licitness Prices Albert, with the Priam of W.lis and the Princess Royal, arrived at tie Castle at firs o'clock front town, attended by the Dowager Lady Lyt relton, the Marquis of Ormond*, Colonel the lion. C. B. Phipps, Sir F. Stoehr, General Wemyss, Lient..Colonel &lemur, and Mr. Birch. There was ne addition to the royal dinner party this evening. The Marquis of Ormond* acd Sir Frederic Sums have relieved Lord Watsrpark and Col. the LI .n. A. N. Wood in their duties as L'ard and Groom in Waiting to her Majesty. TEE QUEEN DOWAGER had some refreshing sleep on Kw day night, and lilt better yesterday musing. Str David Devise remains in attendance on her !deputy In the Priory. Colonel Perceval had an interview with Sir George Gt. v at the Home-office yesterday. D swams were received yesterday at the Colo nial (thee from the governors of Van Dieman'a Lead, South and Weat Australia, and C ylon. (Prom last sight's Gazelle.) WINDSOR CASTLE, OCT. 10.—The Queen has been pleased to appoint Lieutenant-Colonel the Han. Charles Beaumont Phipps to be Keeper of her Majesty's Privy Purse, in the roc= of George Edward Anson, Esq., deceased ; eso, Lientenant-Colenel the Hon. Charles Beaumont Phipps to be Treasurer and Cofferer to Lis R yal Highness the Prices of Wales, in the room of George Edward Anson, Esq , deceased. WINDSOR CASTLE, OCT. 10.—His Royal Hiflhness Prince Albert has been pleased to mike the followtog ap pointmenta:—Lient:Col. the Hon. Charles Beaumont Phipps to be treasurer to his Royal Highness, in the room of George Edward Anson, deceased ; Col. the lion. Charles Grey, , riperry to the Queen, to be private secretary to hi s', Royal Hignesa, in the room of Lienc-Col. the lion. Charles Beaumont Phipps, resigued. MASTER OP THE HORSE'S-OPTICS., OCT. 29.—The Queen has been Fraeionsly plitssed to appoint Llrd Augus tus Charles L•nnox Fitt -oy, Lieutenant and Captain of Her Majesty's Coldstream Guards, to be Equerry in Ordinary to Her Majesty, inthe room of Lieutenant-Ceonel the Honour able Charles Beaumont Phipps, r igned. DOWNING-STREET, OCT. 30.—The Queen has been rimed to appoint George Bit, E , q., Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, to be superintendent of the penal settlement of the colony of British Guiana. WHITEHALL, Ocr. 29. The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. Andrew Redman Boner to be First Minister of the Church and Parish of Canonate ' in the presbytery and county of /I iinburgh , vacant by the death of the Rev. Dr John Gilchrist, late Minister thereof. COMIIIBB BY THE LOIiD LIEUTENANT OF WARWICKSHIRE. Lieutenant Rudolph William Bail Viscount Fielding to be Captain ; Henry James Sheldon, Gent tad William Henry Wilson, Gent., tu be Cornets in the Warwickshire Yeomanry Cavalry. COMMISSIONS BY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF Yosientan.—Abraham Jubb, to be Surgeon in the 2nd Rerimeat of West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry. Lieutenant the Hon. Henry Thynne Lvscelles, commonly called Viscount Ltecelles, to be Captain ; the Hon. Ci.orrie Elwin Lawn's to be Lieutenant in the Yorkshire Harm Regi ment of West Riding Yeosnanri Cavalry. FREEMBN OCCDPIENS IN TUE CITY OP LONDON. —To-mortow (Thursday), and tor • fortsight afterwards, there will be kept for public inspection, without payment of any fee, a list of all freemen oocupirre at each ward in the qty of London, entitled to vote in the forthcoming elections of aldermen, eommcn councilmen, end other ward officers. Before the let August last only householders could vote, but now joint occupiers to 101. taco are privileged by virtue of the New Act 12 & 13 Vitt., cap. 91, local. DEATII OF TILE EARL OF ALDBOROUGII.—We Wave to announce the demise of the Earl of Aldborough, in telligence of whose cheeses at Leghorn, has been received by his friends in this country. The Earl, who had been resi dent for a long series of years In Italy, died on Monday fort night. The deceased Meson Gerrard Stretford, Earl of Aldborough, Viscount Aldborough of Belau, Viscount Amiens, and Baron Baltlnglass, in the peerage of Ireland, was only son of Benjamin O'Nesle, fourth earl by Martin, only child of Mr. John Burton, and niece an 4 heiress of Mr. Meson Gerrard. He was born July 8, 1784, and married Afar. 2, 1804, Cornelia Jane, eldest daught.v of Mr. Chaska Henry Tandy, by whom, who au rr i eee l urdehip, he leaves issue an only son, Viscount Amiens. The late Earl suc ceeded to the family honours on the death of his father in July, 1833, and is r ow succeeded in the title and ancestral estates in Ireland by Benjamin O'Neale Stratford, Viscount Amiens (now Earl of Aldbornughl, late of the let Dragoon Guards, and the 15th Light Dragcous. ROYAL VISIT TO THE CITY. More than all —or perhaps it should be said the cause of all—is tt e absence of that ra'iotal commercial principle in contracts between landlords and tenants which prevails in all other contracts. As vies well maid by Mr. FowLut, at the Tavistoek Agricul tural Meeting, " the farmer ought to enter far more into the manufacturer's spirit than ke does. The tenant might to be as perfectly independent of his landlord as the landlord of his tenant. And be afterwards added "that there has been less common sense in the agreements between landlord and tenant than between any other description of contractors in the wide world." No one will deny the truth of these remarks; the evil consequences are implledly admitted on all hands; yet hitherto there seems little, if any, disposition to adopt a remedy. And the reason is obvious. Land grows votes ae well as ocen, and landlords will not mate their tenants independent if they can help it. That is one cause of the comparative back wardness of English husbandry. But there is an other most potent arse in the tendency of the landed classes—tenants as well as landlords—to grasp at too much la-d. Hear what one of them, Mr. Locin KING, M. P., said at Chertaey, on this subject : " Landlords without capital to improve thole estates which require improving must sink in the same boat with those tenant-farmer, who occupy more land than they have capital to manage. The one would do well to sell a portion to improve the rest, while the other would do well to farm a few acres well instead of a large number of acres badly. The days of territorial aggrandisement, when landowners and land occupiers grasped at all the land they could, are now passing away, and the progress of civilisation and science has shown the advantages of • small estate, well cultivated and well managed, over the large estate, which is wild in proportion to its extent, and overloaded with debt and with settlements in koroportion to its hereditary antiquity." buck truths should blok into the minds of landlords and tenants, for upon their attention to them their future prosperity mainly depends. From the " far. niers' friends" who preach improvement we hear nothing of this sort. They ignore everything which goes to disclose the real condition of agriculture, and take refuge in vague generalities. The second clam of " farmers' friend.," the protecionists, are like Jon's comforters; they seem to fear that the farmers do not despond enough, that the monopolist cry of foreign competition is likely to lose its effect; and even at the risk of encouraging demands for re dactions of rent, they cry out lustily, " All, all is log." It is true these gentlemen are generally either not at resent possessors et: land, such as the Marquis of GRAN nv,or men never likely to possess it, such as Major BRIE/WORD, and whose immediate purpose is politi cal. From neither class, however, is Ike agricultural community likely to derive much benefit. Farmers must look to themselves, they must rely on their own class alone for any effective improvement of their own condition. There is in this country, as in Ireland, too much of a monopoly of land in the hands of men quite incapable of using it to advantage; and to correct this evil, in the cor rection of which farmers are very directly interested, they ought to throw themselves heartily into the movement ncfw making by the rest of the middle classes against class legislation ani extravagant public expenditure. UNITED STATES. NSW YORK, Om. 17. By the Ohio which arrived on Saturday from New Orleans, we have the California mails to the first of September. The news is no later than what we re ceived by the Empire City. A friend of mine in San Francisco writes me, that he thinks the losses in ship ments made to that port will be so enormous as to ruin a large number of merchants in the United States. Provisions, lumber, and land will for some time, however, =intern a steady value. Gold con tinues to be obtained in very large quantities, and new placers are continually discovered. We are be ginning to receive ten and five dollar pieces coined at private mints in California, which readily pass at the current quotations. Such is the index of gold into the United States that the national mint at Philadel phia has been greatly enlarged, and its machinery is now operating on a very extensive scale With respect to California, two facts, however, are worthy of particolar attention. One is, that persons are actually employed in San Francisco in obtaining gold from the dust of the streets, And they can make five dollar's day by their work. Whether this gold is in the soil itself, or is dropped there by accident, no one can tell as yet. The other is, that all the persons who have recently come home with gold are going back spin. This does not look like their being much disheartened. Thanks to the resolution adopted by the President and his cabinet with regard to the navigation laws, we are about to enter upon • new and important commercial career, and England and the United States have placed themselves In &charm of all the nations of the mill. It would seem se if their new relations might to ally them in the closest bonds of friendship, and it is fervently to be hoped that neither may regret the new arrangement. Wren we reflect upon the restraints that have so long been placed by government' on commercial enterprise—on the difficulties that have so long retarded human advancement—when, in particular, we have seen what the people of England have had to suffer in their progress to their present condition, we cannot but admire the noble spirit of those of her statesmen who have dared to remove the shackles of antiquity, and trust to common sense, and en lightened self interest for future prosperity. I con fess I cannot but admire the conduct of those eminent men who have smeensfully advocated the repeal of your Navigation Act, and I sincerely wish that the experiment we are &bald to make may not prove ad verse to the hopes that its friends have cherished. It is certainly very evident that if the two maims be come nearly equal in commerce and manufacture., their relations will be less liable to fluctuations said derangements than they have been. The Nicaragua business is beginning to attract at tention. Mr. White has carried to Washington official copies of the contract of the American Coon pany, and the treaty negotiated by our minister, Mr. Squiers. In my last, I informed you that be bad been received with extraordinary . honours. The Nicaraguans are in ecstasies at their prospects. The rebellion having been put down, the rebel chief exe cuted, the route to the Pacific about to be established, and large commercial advantages being secured, they believe they are about to become an important state. Nor is this all. Mr. Squiers not only made a very good treaty himself, but he helped the French consul general to make one for his own country. Thus, while France and England have been jointly med dling in the River Plate, France and the United States are about to help each other on the:San Jun ! The principal parties in the American Company have already determined on their course. A small but powerful steamer, called the Sylph, now Riving in the Bay of New York, is to be despatched without delay to Lake Nicaragua, where she is to remain. Arrangements are making to " lighter" her up the San Juan. A small boat of light draught of water is to be built for the river. A plark road is to be made between Lake Leon and the Pacific, and a tran sit is to be established across as soon as possible. In the meantime the capital of a company, to remove the obstructions in the river, and construct a ship canal, is to be raised as soon as it can be. I must not 'beget to my, in connexion with this subject, that Mr. 84:1140211 is believed to have very far exceeded his instructions in the promises of his speech . made to the Nicaraguans ; and what is still more important is the well authenticated rumour that Mr. Clayton has announced as his opinion, that the celebrated declaration of President Munroe, that we cannot cement to the establishment of any foreign interests in North America, in the shape of ter ritorial power, is untenable and without pro priety. This declaration of Mr. Meares, with some qualifications would always be proper, but the ides that we sh ould find a cants belli in the set tlement of territories far beyond our borders by a foreign nation, is out of vogue. The truth is, that I British settlements in our own vicinity have more to fear from us than we from them. This might not have been so in Mr. Munroe's time, but it is so now. It is therefore quits probable that Mr. Clayton expresses the views of his associates when he, in fact, pays Mr. Msnroe's ideas on this head are ob solete. C. rtainly the propinquity of Canada to the United States has been worse for England than the United ' States. And so far from baler( reuse of any anxiety to as, the provinces have furnished a striking contrast to our own country, all in our favour, and much to the detriment of colonial reputation. THE RETURN. At a quarter before 3 the sounding of the trumpets an. nounced that the royal procession was preparing to return. It was re-formed in a few minutes, when the cortege re turned from the Coal Excherge to the place of re-embarka tion in nearly the same order se at first. The royal heralds headed the party, followed by the principal aldermen, shetiffa, recorder, and common councilmen, the Lord Mayor carrying the sword of state immediately preceding the Prince and the children. On this occasion Prince Albert held the hand of the Prince of Wales in his right, and that of the Princess Royal in his left; all three were loudly chee red, and seemed Eighly plea• ed with the reception which they had received from the gooi citizens and mer chant princes of the ancient City of London. While the royal party bad been engaged in the interior of the Coal Exchange, the Elfin steamer had been brought up and made fast to the Custom-house-stairs, the Union Jack flying at her head, and the Royal Standard at her stern, the command of which was taken by Lord Adolphus litzzlarence. Prince Albert and the two royal children having re-emb irked en board this vessel, as well'as Lord John Russell and the various state attendant., and other Oficial persona& e, the word of command was given, and the royal party immediately leP, the Tower guns again saluting them as they returned up the ' , the bells of the various churches ringing, and the plaudits of the immense throng who crowded the shores en both sides bring again and again renewed. They reached Whitehaltatairs at half-past three o'clock, a detachment of Horse Guards received the royal party, and escorted them to Buckingham Palace, which his Royal Highnese Prince Albert, with their IEI4I Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princes. Rcyal, left at ten minutes past four o'clock f,r the Paddington terminus. THE LORD MAYOR CREATED ). BARONET. After the Lord Mayor had returned to the Mansion house, he received the following letter from the Prime Minister : _ . _ " Downing street, 30th Oct., 1819. " My dear I.)rd Mayor,—The Queen has been pleased to direct that your lordship should be created a baronet. In congratulating you upon this distinction, I may add that his Royal Higbee,. Prince Albert was highly gratified with the reception which hie Royal Highness, his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and her Royal Highness the Princess Royal, have met with from the immense multitude who rse fed their progress this day. Hu Royal Highness was likewise extremely gratified with the arrangements made at the Coal Exchange, and the loyalty evinced by all classes of the Queen's subjects. "I have the honour to he, my dear Lord Mayor, " Yours very faithfully, " J. RUSSILLL. " The Lord Mayor." INTRAMURAL INTERMENTS IN ST. LUKE'S. A vestry meeting of the inhabitants of St. Luke, Old-street, took place yesterday, for tie purpose of consider ing an ord.r issued by the Board of Health, on the 18th inst., for regulating the interments in the pariah burial ground Ur. Colottox KING, the asnior churchwarden, presided. Mr. PARSONS, the vestry clerk, read the order, which was the 000 gazetted about a month ago. It was accompa nied by a letter from Mr. Austin, the secretary, eapressiog a hope that the ground in Bath-street, which had been closed, would nut be re-opened, as it was full of human remains. The CHAIRMAN sail this was not the fact. He had had an interview with the Bishop of London, who had expressed a wish that the ground should be closed, at least during the prevalence of the cholera ; and on the part of the church. wardens nothing more was agreed to. A great portion cf the ground had never ytt been opened, and was, in fact, maiden earth. Mr. PEACHEY considered this nothing more than an underhand attempt on the part of the governors of Bt. Lukr's Hospital, who had set *heir minds on having a por tion of this ground, and were thus seeking to get possession of it. _ _ Mr. HUNTER, a governor of St. Luke's Hospital, said that body had no wish to obtain poesession of the Butt-strew burial ground ; but Mr. G.erdon, one of the commissioners of lunacy; had pressed on them to get rid of the nuisance, though the governors did not consider it one, and had no possible use for the ground. Mr. PARSONS said as the order would limit the annual number of interments to 265, and as they had 700 inter ments in the year it was necessary to make come arrange ment. Al government would probably bring in a measure next year for re gulatir g intramural interments, the beet plan would probably be to appoint a committee to make Rome temporary arrangement. Mr. A. WALKER was convinced the parochial authori ties would not close any burial-grounds if they could help it. He lived near Bunhill-fields burial-ground, and all his family bad suffered from the nuisance. He was thankful we had a board of health, or much greater nuisances would have to be endured. He moved that the order should be complied with. (Hear, hen.) Mr. PALLISER said the rector was entitled to fees by act of parliament on every burial out of the parish. This war nothing less than a deed " robbery. (Hear.) A GENTLEMAN said that many of the cemeteries were saddled with a charge for clergymen's fees,—the highest being Brompton Cemetery, where the Bishop of London, residing in the neighbourhood, contrived to get the fees allowed, 75., more than at other places. (Hear, hear.) Mr. WA LKER said that the vestry of St. George's, Southwark, had determined on burying at the Victoria park Cemetery, where the charges were very reasonable— only ss. for the poor. It would be better for this parish to do the same, than to go to the expense of purchasing ground. There was, therefore, no difficulty in the way of complying with the order of the Board of Health. He knew that all the workmen in his employ suffered from the contiguity of the Bunhill-fields ground. The conduct of the parish authorities in this matter had been most disgraceful. They said the ground here was not full. Would it ever be so, when they kept chopping up the bones and coffins con tinually I (Hear, hew.) There was no difficulty on the score of expense; and for the funerals of paupers, a plain conveyance might be kept ready at the workhouse. GLADDIN, in seconding the motion, said it was desirable that all the burial-grounds in the parish should be got rid of at once, for they were clearly overcharged. The interments amounted to about 700 per annum in the acre. Mr. HORNE thought the best course would be to refer the subject to a committee, who might consider all the ques tions connected with this matter. He would have an equal number of churchmen sad dissenters on the committee, so that the rights of both might be protected. He moved an amendment to that effect. Mr. STARLING seconded the amendment. Mr. SHILLIBBER considered that the appointment of a committee would be useless, eo far u the order itself wu concerned, for it was peremptory. Mr. BATHURST urged immediate compliance with the order. Mr. BRISCOE doubted whether any facts could be ad duced in proof of the unhealthiness of graveyards ! At Bunhill•fields me minister had officiated 37 and a sexton 40 years; and Miss Montague, who lived on the spot, was up wards of 60, and was very healthy. Even the gravedigger, who was continually exposed to the alleged poisonous eases, and was en asthmatic man, bad filled his office 26 years. Allusion bad been made to the chopping of coffins and bones, but nothing of the kind had taken place in St. Luke's. He would boldly resist the order. Mr. HOWSE defended the Banhill Fields' ground, as • public promenade on a Sunday afternoon ! (Great laughter, and cries of " Smithfield.") On an average. there had not been one interment a day there of late years. Mr. OLADDIN—Much more; 700 a-year. Mr. PAKSONS suggested that a declaration of war against the Board of Health would be injudicious, as appris ing them that their order was not carried out. Let them end oat whether the parish was obeying it or not. In the meantime, the appointment of a committee, which all in effect admitted to be necessary, would lead to the adoption of some proper measure. Mr. WALKER having replied, The amendment for the appointment of a committee, was carried by a large majority. A committee was nominated, and the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman. THE SOUTHAMPTON PORTION OF THE INDIA Man..—The Oriental Company's steamer Mindesten, Capt. Say, arrived yesterday with the Southampton portion of the India mail. She left Malta on the 20th, and consequently she made the passage—a distance of 2,500 miles—in nine days. Taking into consideration that sa• stopped at Gibral tar, she could not have steamed less than 12 knots an hour the whole of the distance. The Hindottan has made the passage from Southampton to Malta in Se days. She is the fastest steamer that ever entered the Mediterranean. OPENING OF THE COAL EXCHANGE. The following additional particulars will interest many of spur readers : It has been a reproach of our modern architecture that it does not, at a giance, announce its purpose or proclaim to what it is consecrated. The New Coal Exchange is the first successful attempt elf the kind that hos been made, and strikp s at once the eye as something 'pleasantly original. This is as much felt In the plan of the whole, in its distribu fiat as in the details—from the delicately painted fossils in the pendentive, to the carved panelling of the floor, in which a large anchor and other nautical implements are , deigned. There are three tiers of balconies over the area, ' the ornamental iron of which consists of an unending coil. The retiring sslonn on the first floor was very tastefully decorated with elaborate marquemiie, tapestry , and furni ture, which contrasted well with the pink and white silk with which the walls were decorated. The compartments on the ground floor were perfect pictures, finer banquets in their richness, ease, and grace, than any we ever saw painted. Yesterday the floor was covered with crimson cloth, and at the end opposite the entrance, under a canopy of crimson velvet, was a raised dais, covered with a cloth of gold, con taialeg three chairs of state for Prime Albert, and the royal children; that of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales being ornamented by a large plume of feathers in frosted diver. Around the hall a narrow portion was railed off behind which V.* ladies and families of the aldermen, and some ()thin of the more distinguished guests, stood during the ceremonial. At about twenty minutes past one the heralds and state trumpe ters, sounding a royal fanfare, entered the hall, and were followed by the members composing the civic procession, the Lord Mayor, In a new crimson velvet state robe, and bearing the state sword, being last. After his rdship cams his Royal Highness Prints Albert, leading the Princess Royal on his right hand and the Price. of WSW on his left, and behind were the officers of state, the Lady in Waiting, Lady Lyttelton, and several of her Majesty's minis ters. The appearance of the royal party was the signal for a general burst of hearty and protracted cheering. The frank and manly bearing of the Prince of Wales, and the graceful and laeylike demeanour of the Princess Royal, as she acknowledged the courtesies of those who had the privilege of addressing her were the theme of universal admiration and surprise. As soon as the 11,yal visitors had taken their seats, the distinguished party in the body of the ball formed a group around them, and at this time the view from the galleries was extremely brilliant and striking. The eye everywhere fell upon stars ' crams, and decorations, waving plumes, naval and military uniforms, among which those of the Royal Artillery, the Guards, and the State Windsor uniform were conspicuous. Interspersed with these were court dresses, ' civic robes and furred gowns, and groups of ladies in all varieties of fashionable costume. The Recorder then ad vanced from the centre of the group surrounding the Royal party, and reed an address to his Royal Highness. His Royal Highness Prince Albert replied : tt I have received with satisfaction the assurance of your attachment to her Majesty the Queen, and I thank you for the expressions of concern with which you have noticed her indisposition. I Mehl* to hear that a great increase of the number of mariners employed has taken place through that branch of the coasting trade which has required the erection of this magnificent building. Her Majesty ever relies on the fidelity and loyalty of her subjects, and it is her earnest hope she may be regarded with three feelings of affection which ars at all times the best security of the throne." The delivery of his Royal Highness's address was followed by lend and enthusiastic cheering. The Chairman, Mr. Wood, and the seconder of the ad dims' Mr. Edkins, were then severally presented to his royal highness, as was also Mr. Bunning, the architect. The royal party then, under the conduct of the Lord Mayor, amended the staircasi at the back of the dais, and were con ducted through ithe state apartments which had been pre pared for her Majesty's reception, and which are models of the most exquisite taste and elegance. They consist of a ' suite of three apartments splendidly carpeted and curtained, and famished with couches, chairs, fauteuils 'ninon, the hanging of the rooms being fluted cri mson and white drapery. In one of them is a well executed model ef the new Exchange. Leaving the royal children in these a p artments, his royal highness proceeded to view the other offices of the building i and during hit absence from the hall the crimson cloth wit h which it was covered was removed, so as to die play the beautifully inlaid flooring, and enable us to give a more particular description of it. This flooring, which is' sixty feet in diameter, deserves especial notice ma being the 1 1 first instance in which the novel system of wood inlaying which it display. has been applied to publc buildings. It is composed of desiccated wood, and is arranged in the form of a gigantic mariner's oompass— the needle pointing due north, to the left of the entrance. In the centre is the City shield, the anchor, and other r ?neonatal devices, in brilliantly contrasted colours. The prevailing hues of the floor are dark and light brown and white, very tastefully winged, and the whole consists of upward* of four thousand pieces, which we are given to understand were, • very short time sines, either in the tree, in the growing state, or cut front wet unseasoned logs. The woods t mpl.pyed are black ebony, clack oak. common and red English cob, wainscot, white holly, =showy, American elm, red and whim walnut (Prenco and English), and mulberry. The black oak is a curiosity in Well, bap( part of an old tree which was disco vered and remised from the bed of the Ty ne • bout 12 months since. It is 'append to have grown upon the spot where it was found, sad owing to its large dimensions most have been at least 400 or 600 years old at the time it fell; although how many centuries it may have lain embedded in the bed of the river it would be im possible to say. The mulberry wood introduced in the Wade of the dagger in the City shield has also some hicori eal interest attached to it, being a portion of a tree planted by Peter the Great when working as a shipwright in this country. The funds for the erection of the building, which we un derstand that upwards of 40,0001, were partly raised by the rate raised under the provisions of the Coal Act, for the re pairs of the ancient mart in St. Botolph, and partly by a liberal advance from the other recources of the corporaticn. Ose of the most remarkable features of the building is a very ingenious and judicious arrangement, for the purpose of in - caring an effective ventilation. On his Royal Highness's return to the hall, he appeared much struck with the beauty of the lioorinv. The royal and distinguished gnats were then conducted to the refreshment room which opened Iron several points into the area of the hall. The Lord Mayor advanced to the entrance of his Royal Highnetes saloon, so as to be seen and heard by all present, ■nd announced that with his Royal Highness's permission, and in the name of bar Majesty, be would give them the health of her Majesty the Queen. The toast was received with this* times three, and much cheering, the band play big the National Anthem. The Lord Mayor afterwards gave seriatim the health of her Majesty the Queen Dowager, the health of his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the health of their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Prince ss Royal, and the other memo. ra of the royal family, and, lastly, " Prosperity to the City of London," which was drunk with all the honours, and the sir of " Rule Bri tannia." At about a quarter to three o'clock the diotinguiled party broke up, the procession returning from the hall in the same manner in which it had entered, amidst the re newed acclamations of the assembly. The general company then betook themselves to the well-filled tables, which were provided by the proprietors of the Albion for the refresh ment and entertainment of the visitors, where we left them pouring out a fbwing bumper of Burgu•dy, champagne, and claret, to the health of their Despicable entertainers, the corporation, and to the continued prosperity of the City of London. THE PEACE CONGRESS. GREAT MEETING AT EXETER-HALL, r The meeting whichrrsiatcws thehs e thesel beenede ns e lyd ~re,s c r o eroof l iw o ht r dh ,. : et .po l ntaee., been o the friends of tee peace movement in thin ciune ry. ." y este rdey ev. mg in the great room of Exeter h' a l More nunerous gathering has, perhaps, nee nosed. The vast a re a one peculiarity in the ass em bly width is worthy of nd th ee "' y e' er namely, that, unlike moot meetings convened in th ru'? ' — inn, it appeared to present a decided pre toile. la irt u m lo al u A d e t a i le p q:u • in the enetropodi, accompanied by a number IA distir7" -- ZI foreigners, came upon the platform , and were greeted - " u r gea ic MC O F B lii r be eebd i nd e i : k e i t— in :4P Bassist, ie r . s T e lkd o . : v u ! e l e ehli , l: : D :G j rt4l l 4" : " C hn la .i l 2: p .: b Campbell , 1141111,* Pr esi d en t al IGD.u.Prinit:;:01::::11:41;.: iluseoe Stu C E ll q ar , lt h ' l r. kl j ac ih k o ay L , gat., TLLlDho,mTashepinyasne,Fonwilcehrard,'Cß.ebritEly_eili decadent : h e n n proposeddeodi hby m late r t j a r t ..Bk Wil l iamSatre ci: E : : e a du r t carried , p E a E m e q . r ,. ; D a D J d 6 0 y re cL e y y . s h o i e h l e d in t ot ti e . t n h o wa a( r co . e b n r a h m tley of a c eubLjeets uf OW. b ut i t ne by 'lectern stiou. tLia The CHAIRMAN said—G en tl emen, in inommere* e shot speech which it is now m y d uty to addr,ss tolnthyOey e than et k ir a g t . It right does to s.A no te t assartismt very the has entree:cc the late congress in Paris, and tie our futon prinerdinua as the resul: of that conrecation. Ties suoj"; will be touched upon by the various vestals wh o w i l l fullor me, and opeciahy by one of 'he Le creative ef the I' Congress. I am happy to aeneunce to you, end I Wiese I may do so without the slightest hesitation, to at ie the sp. punching year anoth e r peace cnektess w i ll he he.d, -n which we expect a vast usembhige of our brethrea from lersece, Belgium, Germany arid America; and Mat the scene of operations will be Frankfort (Low: meanly Gentlemen, when I behold so vast a meeting as that wee* now presents itself to my view, I am, 1 ewes, ore. whelmed, and am led to regret that some fitter persue din not occupy the chair. But the :eery Timm's, in the amen* Makes nem me, as it were, my own individuality: weslf seem to be impelled onward lay the irresistible tide of 1 Inn opeeiot, which is letting with constant fl ,w in the %unm et direction of perpetual peace. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, 1 feel it to be my first uuty, as an Elie/belle-an, to welcome than illustrious terrignere—(immense applsuse)—O o hart le e noured us with their ;stones— (reins ed applaute)—a me distinguished in literature, especially the lit erature of pea. cal economy, in France. Ameng those who are them be. Enuring us this evehiant, there is one not very usual eharemee in a peace meeti.g : we have a general here, whom lee will, I am sure, all hail—General Klapka. (A burn n applause followed the announcement of the prier:: e of Ibis distinguished Hungarian general, the late commander of the fortress of Cemorn, who appeared scarcely to hare summed middle age, and who sat very near the crewmen, in frusta( the platform.) You wi I hail (continued the chairman) the presence even of a general at a meeting of the inmate peace, en is we may wail hope that th at ga ll ent oft ee come here to intertwine the peaceful olive with the lords of war. (Cheers) We tender our thanks to our exallett friends from abroad for their presence on this ontilioa, ale especially are we grateful tot the assistance and kindness which we have bad the honour i f receiei..g in Pare. (Hear, hear.) And here let me also expose oar acknowledgments to the members of the press ia that country—to the writers of the various public journals in France who almost universally 'spotted the cause of peace during the session of tee em. geese. (Chive.) Be it Token to the honour o: Fiance nil of Belgium, that there was scarcely au isolated paper in titkr country which dad not, during the progress of our proceed. ings, advocate the cause of peace, at least, in theory, if nut is prac:ice. (Much cheering.) I wloh I could make a simile: statement with respect to the press ed our nen emery. (" Hear, hear," sod " Hisses.") We know it has been toe often the habit when any great dottrine is first broached, assail it merely because it Is new. But I hold that Men. no logic in ridicule, and that a sneer is but a peer substitute for a syllogism. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, pardonless note who have assailed us, and not minding wh at Sbakspeancele " the paper Pellets of brain," we may any in reterenta their conduct on this question, what ha, ben r said of their conduct on ether questions, that perchance they may come to respect what they now ride cult, thus resembling, in some degree, those who, having " come to scull, remained to pray." We are told that the present is an improper time for the agitation of this guinea. I know of no time more suitable for unturlieig broadly the , banner of peace than a period when the fires cf war men to be undergoing extinction all over the continent of Europe, , and when tne lust tedet gleams of peace are beginuirg te dawn upon the horiz JO ere a constellation of humour sod a concord is presented to our gaze. (llheen.) I ass sony that what appeared the dawn has b.en dimmed and ie. , faced by the effusion of blood. A famous English enter once rod—" When the funeral fires et war were dying set, and the sun of peace was just tinging the bonen, - rubbers and 'seas ius toot advent:see of the twilight." I 6 grieve to ay that the assassins who have taken advantage of a the twilight are the legalised assassins of an &Wilsey government. (Hear, hear.) I grieve to think with regard to the conduct of the government of Austria—Oftener—that any Austrian, if such an one there be here, may well feel the honest blush of shame when he considers what Mu concoct en been. (Hear, hear) There is no Englishmen, on Frenchman, no free man of any country in Europe, r or in America, who does not blew with honor , and detestation he sacrifice of human life which has hen legally perpetrated by the military government of Meuse. (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) Not in this country shoe, but in the rudest wilds of America feelings of indignation MA he excited by rich conduct. Now, it is, I believe, town better that the verdict on this question should be panning time of peace, when there is nothing to prevent the tette:e --1 non of universal accord than in a time of war. Amid the din of war the indignant cries of its victims intuit be drowned, and the sound of arms would taiga the remorse the executioner; and it is desirable, therefore, net the crimes of war—for I must call them erimes—(chei should be visited with the general condemnation of %mite fal Christendom, at a period when that cnneemealion meet be interrupted by the dissonant sounds of battle, but wilts uttered in the stronghold of universal psee. (Hear, lieu.) I think, too, that the very fact of the exidence of press will stamp with still more discredit, or rather infamy, the conduct of theme who perpetrate deeds of blood, and that the verdict of posterity, as well as of the present genereile, will be indignantly pronounced with regard to se times as discrace'ul se any that net blotted et ensangnined the page of history. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I am sure that ernse who have (seeped teem sun scenes as theme to which I am referring will be bailed is England—England, which will, I trust, ever be the ale mayhem of the unfortunate brave. (Loud cheers) The erne before me leads me to the irresistible conclusion that peace doctrines are making the most extensive progress in the minds of the people of this country. (Immense applause.) The inhabitants of London ailest this fact now; to-morrie it will be attested in the vast town of Birmingham, and on the succeeding day in the metropolis of our manufacturing ii dustey—Manehestsr. (Applause.) Perhaps I may be allowed on this occasion to advert to the satisfaction with which the friends of peace have observed the announcement nosily made, on the part of his Royal Highness Prince Albert, that a great commercial congress is to be held two years hence is this metropolis—(cheers)—that an exhibition is to be made here of all that art or manufacture in every eutoe try in the world eau produce—in the P —that the exhibition is not to be confined to the fruits of our own exertions, but that we are to tin our gam T f ° a s e:u °. ree i ! of the interests of commerce and casoee wide open in order to welcome the proiluetions of trade setd industry in every part of the world. (Hear.) Ass friend of peace, I can honestly declare that I respect and boron Prince Albert for making such a proposition, a propesithel which not only does credit to his feelings and his Willi gence, but which will, in my opinion, immortalise hie name . (Cheers) Gentlemen, I have adverted to the rreeenee of many distinguished foreigners on this occasion. I hail with peculiar pleasure the presence of our friends from Freon, (Cheers.) May I not say to them, with the heartinees of an English welcome, that we are rejoiced to see them here, and that England sincerely desires the Peat , the prosperity, and the happiness of France. (Great cheering.) We do not, indeed, wish lee France decked in the sub of a wild Bacchante of 'roe lutlon, or covered with ensanguined robes like then wheal she has formerly worn ; we desire rather to see her in the sober majesty and the composed dignity which accords with her ancient honour and with her modern civilisation. itself(Chee r gre sl ate G r en retru e rces than Gentlemen, Could d n mighty republic (Laughter and cheers, eliceed by the mistaken designation and its instant cor r ecti o n.) All that is required fa that she should be fairly allo w ed to develop. any thit country migh co ki n ng ta d i a n n2 w ith_ an ia t her gigantic strength, and that strength can only be deve loped by the two principles which are embodied in the words " liberty" and " peace." We hops that Elegised and France will now be knit together in an alliance which will be not only enduring, bat everlasting. (Cheers.) It had been said by one of oar greatest lyric poen Collins— that, in ancient story, the Gaul saw Britain linked to the now adverse strand. If the two countries were linked geographically and materially in en. eient times, may we not hope that they will he linked amicably and morally in future. Yon will, I have no doubt, hear this sentiment expressed far better than I can utter it by our friends from France. Shakspesre says we all have our exit* and our entrances." I feel that the period of my own " exit," so far as this opening speech is eancerneel, has now arrived, and I shall be indeed satisfied if you think that I have not already ocmpied your time too long. (Cheers.) Let me say, in conclusion, that for the forthcoming oongrem, and for the future elimination of this great quer ed States of tion, we have four nations united together in holy orother hood—France, England, Belgium, and the Unit America. These four nations, thus united in the cause of peace, are the freest nations in the world, and we =net set them and peace against all the world and wan (" Hear, hear," and cheers.) Thus combined in our onward progress, I believe we shall see the coctrines of e.niversat concord making way, and with their advance will be that of liberty, of order, of civilisation, and of Christianity. (Lord applause.) The Rev. HENRY RICHARDS then narrated extent' pore the peace operations of the last twelve months, pro facing his remarks by stating that a printed report, convey: ing much fuller information, would shortly be ready for des tiibution. He afterwards read letters from various dil tinguished foreigners in relation to the object of the meet* lag, regretting their inability to be present. Among thew none, evil LI Mint uncei my el Moro know as jw Mous said