The Express. — London, England, 1849-01-08 00:00:00

Meal rather easier. Dram, et. per peek Weber. The =neat nisei: Wheat, per winds el 2201 b.. Iteglisk, whit% Ws. N. to 261. Id. ; pelbw, 21a. ed. to 265. Irish, per bead 070118, welt*. 75.; red, soperen qualities, 61.11 d. teas.; end, & to la 9d. Floor, per peek of 2411tha, foe to saperfler, Sea 04. to Oa. ; Tramit, yin , ouperfloo, Ns. to 435. N. ; per Min., nallh 3lo. r e S t o Barley, p.r babel of te and fleoleh,ea 44. to 4a. ; Bean, pot Man% 02201 b., lea* - 11s. s IL to Ha ; ln.b i , 12e. to 111. Pas, Mob. naplo aad g Foy, pry Moms.. Ik• to 17a. per peek of 2401bn, /fs, 10.. 10e.'ed. Oates, per barest el 461 to., prlne Kal= f. Hod.ie. Hoed. •; mama, 21. N. to 21' 9d. per Ind of 24011. Aaiun saes.!*., 265. 61. to 96a. goodeneral qualities, 945. 9d. to 965. ; niddlieg to gepd j .l MC to 241. 64. lodise Co, per qr. of 4601 b., 33. IL to Nie 6d. ladies Con Neal. per park of 2409 e., whles,.lBl. to les. N. ; pillow, 19s. M 19s. 3d. RIADVIO Jas. 6.-Oor supply of Wheat today lna ma* thei b alk of which wee of inferior quality. The winks wos saes cleared of, at the full rates of lag week. lean- • ley meth* doing. New O. won sadly Atoned, at lir: to les. ; sod fine old, at 300. to 23e. per qr. Beam mat Pas dal!, at unaltered rata. _ _ _ - Samicue WALDIN, has. B.—la Wheat so differnialhio lest market-day. Barley, le. to 2a. per qr. lower. reildess vaia ws sottoa bat little elteraticet. _ . - thutawaßoar. Jan. oopply cd_Whoti. Ilaski ; . - sad Ws was lons kin to-day. Wisest filLy anppoiW prim of last wok ; also Gat,. Dario/ offered at 2r. taallr• Mu mossy, without finding Wpm. Wiest, 445. to 630. psi qr. ; Barley, 280. to 32e. ; Oats, 204. to 28a. - - • 8011DiaLAND. Jan. 6.-The farmers brought again a large apply of Wheat to market to day, and the arrivals coastwise have been 670 qrs. of Wheat, 750 qts. Oats, sad 690 maks of Flour during the week. There was a pretty free demnad for what to day, without any material sheen tion in price worthy of antis, and we quota the bon Wheats as worth 48s. a 60s. ; good average parcels, 445. to 461. ; and Wiener qualities, 40s. to 425. per qr. There is a, anon. rats Weed for south country and foreign Wheats at thin rates. Barley is almost neglected. Ow are is tolerable request, but the bat will searerly obtain 21s. lianas are alienate sal*, at about 325. ; tither articles at nominal ratan hour sold at last week's quotations. Averages for the past west : Wheat, 642 qrs., at 445. 10d. Oats, 60 qrs., at 18s. Bala. 40 qrs., at 31s. Beano, 41s. qrs., at 345. 941.. . Wanosterraz, Jan. 6.-There was a very large supply et Wheat, and, dimwit die market was fatly attended; math remained unsold, at a Weed's of la. 6d. to 2s. per quieten The dement for Barley was very inaistate, sad farmers, ais affect sales, melded to prices 1.. to 9s pm quarter lower. War Oats tae rade was min act ive; and for UN beat heavy sampki Is. per quarter mere sanest was obtained. Malt was dull of Palo, at less mossy. A steady trade was trams send in Inch Baas and Psw, without attcration in value. Flour remain whirred la pries. Whisk{ 425. to fees. sew, 40s. to 62a. Barley, 26.. to 361. Oats, 21e. to Beans, 404. to 605., par qr. Flow, 375. to 38a. per Wick. Whicansvan, Jaa. 6.-The attendance of farmers and dealers was way read, sad the supply of Wheat was exten sive; and, thous! the Wood was by no means lively, the farina were It to this prices of this day week. We had a fair show of Barley-much too large foe die demand, and purchasers were enabled to buy the beet with/ ra id a hide below our last quotations. Malt wee takes err very tardily, at cheaper rate.. 0 its, Bans, and Pea were plan- Wel in supply, the trade for which was very languid, wilt a dewuvraot canary. Wheat was selling from Si. 10e. to 124 lak per lead. Best suiting Barley, 28s. to Ws. ; inferior, Sta. M ll7s. Oars, 16s. to 21a. Beans, 32a to 40s. Peas, 365. to 41a. Malt, 60a. ho 625. per qr. Tares, 7s. 6d. to 9r. per Win. IllanaCll, Jan. 6.-The supply of Wheat is ins to-day than we have had of late, and the condition is improved by the fiery weather. The trade is flan for all description, at the full priest of lost week, ai,d as the liner qualities a. small advisees is paid. A wood supply of Oct., and bat Beau ; both ardent sell at late rates. The following are the present priers : Wheat, new, red, 6911i5. to 621b5., 40a, to 46,. per qr. ; extra. 475. ; white, 41s. to 47a. ; extra, 495. ; old, red. 6llltv to 631b5.,* 444. to 48s. ; extra, 495. ; whip, 47a. to 495. ; seta, 60a. Oats, old, 39dis. to 401 n, 1144. to 124 s per stone; new, 93. to 101. Beans, old, 38s. to 40s. pew. WOacLlTalt, Jan. 6.-At this day's market the Mundane was small, sad the business transarid also limited. When manna same as last market-day. Barley Is. per qr. lower. Beans was price as het Saturday. Oats, la. per qr. lower. Tool, Jae. 6.-We entinue to be well sup:died with gran. Wheat has net a &wady sale, at last week's prisms. Barley and Oats slow sale, mid a shade lower. In other' articles no alteration. Whim, white, 445. to 48s. per imps rial quarter. red, 40s. to 465. Barley, malting, 255. to 29t.; grinding, 20s. to 264. Malt, 68a. to 625. Oats, 81d. to Old: per stone of 141 b. Flour, 349. to 40.. per sack of 2.801b5. DUBLIN, Jan. s.—We have had a dull market, but COW supplies of home growth being small, we can make but hello change in our quotations. (homed is t 4. per too lower, and Flour and Indian Cora barely sustained their value. In other things we make no chimp. The following is the currency i—Wheat, white. 461. to 27e. ; red, 23.. to 2.h. per 280 1 bs. Oats, 9s. Od. to 10s. 6d. per 1961ba. Barley, 12.. 17s6d. per 224.b5. IndianCern, 32a.t0 345. per 480tte Oatmeal. Ils. to 115.6.1 per ewt Flour, seconds, 14a. tattle . . BILVABT, ha. 4 —ln the grain trade the impression is pretty general that the release in February of all grain In bond will be followed hy an upward movement in prices, is the stocks under lock are light, and the trade baying been supplying themselves from day to day, are bare of stook, and will be anxious then to moon themselves Wore the stacks are picked over Farmers have parted with alin. et their cntize crop of Wheat and Barley, and only hold a mail balance of either, and about half of their Oat crop, so that as far as they are concerned, there is nothing to counteract as ad vance of prices. As usual at this season, the supplies of-evtia • are smell, bat, from the Ann bracing weather, the ecmclitidw kr good, and quality rather better than usual Wheat legs freely at fernier prices, and lots come into better egeneedlat 1.55. to 101. for home-grown ; and loreign, 10; 10s. te 124 per toe. Flour is in moderate demand, at former rates, and American sells freely at 28s. to 281.8 d. per barrel. Barky maintains its value, and a small concession ow the part Of holders would induce pretty large sales of parcels. Ora maintain the advance noted last weak, and are in fair de mand. Oatmeal is also in demand at former rates, and is going rapidly into consumption. Indian Corn is rattler a slow sale at 71. 101, to 71. 16e. per ton, at which some holden decline selling. - - - C0..1e, iota. 4.—Biutm our last, we have had a peculate* of easterly winds, cad more settled weather. We have to. repent amber arrivals of foreign grain, while thus of home growth are very small and trifling. No sew feature In the load trade. LIIIIRICK, Jan 11.-The weather ie more freely and fine, and favourable for Wheat sowing, at which many are in gaged. The supplies of grain for the week have been made rate, but priors were low, is consequence of dull accounts from the other side. At this day's market Wheat was ia small supply (t Wag a holidsy); for good simples rather an advance was obtained. Oats keep steady at oar quota tions. Good Barley in brisk demand, but inferior nee. sleeted. The arrivals of 'adieu Coen are few, though a large quantity is expected ; the trade is dull, and the value decreasing. The same may be said of Indian Meal ; while Battersea', *emu', and other coarse breadstuff. re in brisk demand. American Flour sells freely, at city quota. dons. The following are our premed rates :-Wbut , red, 13d. to 15jd. per stone; whits, 14d. to 16jd. Oars, 7jd.,, to Ba. Barley, 94. to 10d. °islet: Indian Corn, 81....10e. to Si. Us. per ton. 'brad, 81. 10.. ; Americas, yellow and white, 81. ; damaged, fur feeding, 61. 10s. to 71. Berl= 51, ; Ryon's', Si. 10a. ; Wholi meal, 121. 10e.; 0 12/. 10s. per tom. American Flour, 30e. per barrel. WATIMOILD, Jas. 8.-We have again to every small supplier heme-grown sesta, w 1 • ' hie de- CMOS ia oar arrivals from alined ; notwithetandiss which, our market cestinues is • state of greet deprerion, sad least articles tithe trade mum be noted tower ion Saturday. TIM transactions la Wheat tar the week have been almost es adnivsly confined to foreign in bond, at a reduction of 6d. per barrel. Oa the few sales of duty-paid parcels, holders bays bees obliged to submit tu • dachas of Is. to la. 6d, per barrel, and on prepared Irish a s leafier manioc has bus made. In the value ot el+ her Barley or Oats, searealy any change kas taken place. Fur Indian Cone there has been a ay consumptive demand all through the we k, bat holders, infisenced by the decline in Liverpool market, has given way la per barrel in price since this day se'anight. Fine Flour has receded Is. per seek, but the COSIMV seats maintain late ratan The following are the present prises:- Uadried new : W heat, millers', per 20 at., 23a. 6d. to 24a. ed. shipping, 20.. to Us. Barley, malting, per 16 etoene, las. to 16s. ; grinding, Ilia 9d. to 13e. Oats, white, per 14 note, 3d. to 10.. ; black, fes. to 9s. 61, Dried and fangs: Irish Wheat, mini m', per 20 stone, 265. to 27.. Od. ; shipping, 225. to 24e. ; Polish Odium, (in bond), 25e. Od. t02.5*. gel. ; French. tad, 28.. 04. to 29e 6d. Barley, rindiar, per 16 rt 124. 9d. to 14.. Oat., white, per 14 stone, 10s. 6‘l. to 1 Is. ; black, 10.. 04. to 10s. 34. Floret, superfise, per sack, 30a. 6d. to 375.; seconds, 31s. to 36e.; thuds, 30s. to 31e.; fourths, 225. to 245. Indian Cary Danube, per 20 stuue, 21s. to 21e. 111. ; American, yeller* and r. d, 20.. Od. to 20e. 6d. ; Spanish and Poe 19s. to 19s. 3d.; white, 19s. to 19s. 31. ; Indian Corn per cwt., 9.. 3d. to 9.. 64. Oatmeal, pee cwt., 11a. to MAIM. Bran, per 6 steam, 3.. 3d. to 3e. 6d. Imports this 110116.4 Wheat, 25 qn. ; Barley, 36; Indian Corn, 2,919; uncap 10 barrels. MAN IJFACTUREB.—NoRw tcs.—Wo Vorfulk. CAronicie I have mach pleasure is stating that several of the largest manufacturing concerns in this city are employ ; tug a large number of hands on a superior kind of goo d Orders toe shawls of a far higher order of design and sup', fin fabrics to any yet produced have been received,and trade is likely to be cultivated in other goods of thi best description, which will employ our skilled artisans. Yr. D. Blakely has set a good elemple in offering a bandsmen prise for the best shawl &sighs well knowing that gaol wires' desiges ere armlet bef ore the manufacturers can compete wits fordin houses. Designs only are wanted to enable oar minnslstnerors to compete with any other', Norwich brie; pre-eminent for the production of the best fabrics. Ths School of Design, in this Teepee% is likely to be a gr, at advantage to the city. LEICPATBR, Jan. The year opens with an advance e( from one hall-pew to a poesy in yarns, and from 11., to, to ls. 6d per bundle in Cotton. Lille thread has also a vowed in the seas . The demand for Roods like wias well, will, we have no doubt, continue good for the present, wink the ma , ufacturen are able teem their I anon, wrought sod rawroaght, to supply at or near old I piers. We have not yet neattrith to judge correctly as to the earth the rise will have upon the demand when the shit f bulk of ties eld orders eoetr.cuo fee have then detiv.red. American orders are small Ibis year. Wools may be quoted a scads a iffier then last week, with ea upward osadeacy.— Leiosstorshire Ilercsory. _L:I -- - -U CAT ME, &a. bimurizip, 71eo e at. Tbs sa ell Below is shorter, but the imbed is WM any Mf i l i revw, fess pins are pally bitty We far tbs, Trade is Tay slew In aseasilwats. We have • few sloe limp, wad Est so ismy welted; th• wet taesalsis b she mob saaiset die trade. Rises ere fewer for ell. as weirdos& 4 • few *eke Deltas bake radios sad 4e. bl.. bat ispot - ~lie quoted as • Ink average, sad ha 441. ii• as 03041100 pulse kr Oa ma willing Lees- wool'. These ere but Ira Olives ea ear ; la essisageetwe there bow eaveeee of folly IL pee KW. ; bat Ismieassat verybibit. tipsiest with a dell sala ir b o r k r a wly siert, they ea 0% (Hawked et awl Beasts, 11110 likeeji,_ swag 21 Vim ; NMI* i N°46111 1 . 01 o.6lUli4S.Tresi Wombs ass Pr a Lae. MAN* of 08. 6.1. aO. Oat . 4 1 4 1 alma aLaWIL'It 0 4 0 Oat ........ re. 4 WOW . a 4 De r: ma LAP ...... .......... 11 i/4 s .= via* IQ iiii:iik ti ai i. •c 41 &M. . „ 2 ....„.7 I .Le • I aro or mirk mil I. era smiLlembit soon will00: 0 0:.44 1 .., 140. . - • e. :. r. I. • • ~, . • a To keg/waifs. 0001 60 4 800 kat NOP . .ma . . - I] • • • • !: l • I . .1 • 34441 _sills. Yawlow. r ida apearraosio. Hoog-ioog. Tdl to mode op . tad Ifs • 16 i iiis lac Idled Mora when, awl tan Valid Slaw, old le nods ao as Ido of Ida Mk Jou The Vat dem% oN4 g i rox • • 141/ Messes The Ow • lAlloo; *Maw Chll44oll•Mit ' ' eta Mufti oplad. Val ha • • • ; • • The nalls Olooldr. OnfooAda Maim prow Oda. Odle. ilmvilkook minim% fdadrOprodo, ft , l jit Wl r s aalr th ro i tratir i gi aB lamod ' UK tot Now ladao ado so ea do mods at the lid Jam: • • dr nods kr Mika. tin ersals. sae Pomo Area vOl• to =ls op as do md( gift rObt. AZ 14 `•1 t 4 ' • TO 001111.61#0311b1NT6. Vialmisemern loaded ite isfeW 'ls at the ea% Donsea.aesl. br Tao maga aim= :2 Mita= was Waves WNW* WWI. Trio pm t p ay m • I AftsmonOli Ws. Pal. amesaw—lilinhas, &I Els. pike i s 11terser. L fad ppm I. LONDON. MONDAY JAN EI.ARYS. IT appears that, owing to - some mistake iit the Office, the increase in the Excise returns of 1848 asi compared with those of 1847 has been math understated. The increa-e on the year is said to be 1,101,3941. instead of 101,3941. This will give an increase of 875;1051. in the yesip income from,ordi na)7 sources, instead of a decrees* of 124,2951. in that branch of revenue. 1. Assuming the corrected version of the revenue tables to be now accurate, the evidence of reviving . prosperity afforded by the 'Mate of the public inoome lis considerably strengthened. Bat the remarks on our financial position which we offered on Saturday I lare not affected by the &lenge. The total increase on the year's revenue (ordinary and casual) appears to be t 1,*43,9571. Of this 539,3051. is derived froni• Chiba pawl, a mires of receipt now dried up; and ti cOnsiderable portion of the increase of 288,7421. in iwrem and other moneys proceeded from an extra ordinary sale of stores. The error in the statement of the year'e Lioness in the excise is not the only error in the tables. In one Isle of them the return for the quarter ended sth Jumuary, 1848, is stated to be 3,246,8831.; for the car reipending quarter of the year jpat expired, 5,253,1821. In another part of the tables we find 3,256,4801. sub ',Anted for the loaner; and 3,282,1381. for the latter sum. If this latter statement be correct the increase on the quarter is only 5,6681., nbt 6,2791. as given in the tables. 'The . dimorepancy is trifling, but, combined with the other error, it shakes oar faith in the. accuracy of the whole return, rendering it unadvisable to draw any 'conclusions em it • Ire the descriptions of gold mints and rivers flowing Oar golden sands, we must be p for a little over-colouring and exaggeration.• r lqin m es d have always excited sanguine hopes and dreams of exhaustless wealth ; but they have as often been followed by dis appointment. The tongue waxes eloquent on so 'liar ' ing a theme, and the chance of failure is never once contemplated. The disappointed hopes of former ad wenturers, the dear-bought results of experience; have' little effect in damping the ardour of those in quest of fnineral treasurers. Mines are still rich, or still abun dant, and dividends in prospect always large, but the reality eventually proves only a shadow of the ex pectation. The abstract calculations of the political economist, who closes a mine the moment it yields no profit, are contradicted often by experience, and we see mines now in South America producing gold and silver abundantly, which give no profit to the still hopeful proprietors; the expense of working exceed ing the value of the produce. Now, if the descriptions of top golden treasures of C,.lifornia be true, another element comes into the, calculation never anticipated by the economist. Large quantities Of the most prec ious of all metals Are found scattered on the surface of the earth, Midi 'Op fortunate adventurer may entich himself" beyond the &MIN of twice," almost without labour, with sett capital, and with no care but' what cupidity gene rates. Poor, ragged, and uselesi in the paths of in astry, •he digs up tba rich sand, with a Bade instrepipst, washer it' in utensils equally imperfect, eel dimmers particles of glistening gold, es a sedi ment, width repays him a hundred-fold for his triable and labour. The principle that the value of pis prageas metals, like other products of industry, i. defer deed primarily by the oat of production and then by scarcity, ides. of utility. convenience. and each like, seems to be neutralised by this, crew disco very ; and, assuming thatAlleprrions Metal is found fn anything like the quantity represented, it becomes a 4tuions question how far such n discovery may even tually affect the valtie'of gold and sliver in Europe, elected as standardsof value, or mmuresof ether chitty, by certain peculiar attributes; such ae,regularity of value and romparative indestructibility: and it is also worthy of. coquiry how far industry and'production .may be excited by a sadden and unusual ••• -ass of gold, fee there can be no question that at least a tent stintalus will be given to manufacturing in roll; r y , though it cannot be said that the mere in crease of the precious metals, without respect to other things, can add anything to ;he wealth of a country. Itthe abtadance of gold flowing from America to Eu rope be sueb as to exceed the demand, the value of told will fall, the price of all other commodities rela tively rise, and the proportion between gold and silver be diatudeed so: se .to eve* . the standards of value in :mei cavalry, and the par of exchange between one And another. The steadiness and regularity of price of both metals. which have prevailed in . our experience, may not prove the regularity of supply from the mines, bat they certainly prove that the progress of civilisation, theincrease of wealth, commercial enterpripe, and other cogent* causes, have by degrees absorbed any superfluity of the precious metals. The increase of wealth in modern nations, almost universal, has greatly increased the consumption of the precious metals in manufacture ; and we may reasonably infer that the calculations put forth twenty years ago of the actual withdrawal of gold alietilver from circula tion and their absorption in the art., are far ex ceeded in these times. Every one is cognisant of the vast increase of gold watchmen here, and especially on the continent, and we may undertake to say the amount of silver plate is very much greater than it was fifty years ago. There a no doubt, the productiveness of the silver mines is greater and more regular than those of gold, and the tendeacy would be a slight variation in the relative proportion ; but the enormous increase of silver currency on the continent, in the United States, and even in India and our own colonies, has kept the price of silver a little below dsc an ounce. On the other hand, our standard of value being gold only, with the exceptional case of the United States, the drain of gold is generally . towards England, while that of silver is slam to the continent. There being po market ID., for any considerable quantities of silver, the price would inevitably fall here, as it does when foreign dolman& have bee; supplied ; and, on the contrary, tlitiie bring no considerable market for gold abroad, the price would fall if our standard were silver in stead of geld.. We do nut doubt thatdile Mint price of gold hew, 31. t7s. 100. an ounce, and the price at which the Bank of England are coMpellett to purchase, 3! 17s. 9d an ounce, are causes which not tmy regulate, , but, within oertain Gmita, determine, the price of geld THE EXPRB3B, MONDAY EVENING. JANUARY 8, 1849. • . see • is • I P' 1 , 111•0 • ' ' 1114-• ; • 11% • mh OS• eweefini w i tt 1.10 • • • sum • • plies! v is -7 . YU • • thd can to bay the precious nodule in say quantities; and is only the richest of all countries that can afford s metallic tr i =l'ld. Bat then it is equally obvious that belhot and.-most materially affected by adi itegeand sadden moduli= of her standard of vales; far though America would be enriched by the fie, of the precious metals within her own tertitthies, it is only because she would possess a ,largee fowl to exchange for more useful and necessary ?fagots of labour. Oold is only valuable in mepor ties to its whangsable capacity, and the - United States would therefore send to Europe all the gold t which their necessities did not require ; moreover, it mould flow out of America naturally, by the ex bhailges favouring its exportation. The adopt of specie which has lately passed through this country, chiefly consisting of silver bullies and coin, has been unusually large, and yet without causing any material variation in prior--a cfreamatuce rather extraordinary, happening as it a 9094 to. of continental revolutions, and other die thrhdruses. If rich countries only can afford to buy ;positions metals, how is it to be explained that when the same coat tries are paralysed by revo lution, and credit Wet a low ebb, a greater demand for silver should exist than before ? Without pretending ,to any accuracy on the subject, we may presume that several causes have concurred to increase the move •nesiil of bullion from country to country : such as the low state of credit and want of confidence that with draw from bills of exchange their ordinary security, and the practise pf hoarding which instantly springs up when the small black cloud is seen on the horizon. A smaller circulation of metallic currency is required in times of peace and prosperity, than at other times; for credit in the one case becomes a kind of currency of itself., When prosperity ebbs, gold and silver leave the provinces and flow back to the heart from whence they were propelled—the Bank of England. With regard to gold, we may here observe that within the last forty years a new source of produc tion hu time to light, unknown to our forefathers, which, no doubt, has tended to keep op the supply in Europe. The discovery of the art of refining silver by sulphuric acid, or of separating gold from silver, with which it is found incorporated, at a out far less than by the old parting process with nitric acid, his brought every grain of gold into profitable use, where the contents in the silver exceed the expellees of the operation. Thu, if we suppose twelve grains of gold per pound weight to have been necessary to pay the wet of the old process, less than three grains in each pound of silver not only pay the expense of the operation now, but leave a profit to the refit er ; and thus it may be said that full twelve grains of gold, or iavalue two shillings, have been recovered, which were formerly lost; and this upon .the vast amount of silver containing gold must have been during the lad forty years very considerable. The firms silver frem China held twelve grains and more, which added nothing to the value of the silver where it could not be extracted ; but in Europe the gold enhances the value by nearly the whole contents. It is not easy to affirm the amount of gold which would affect the value of the precious metals in Eu rope : but assuming that the mines at present ade quately supply our demands, and equalise from year to year the quantity withdrawn from circulation, and lost by abrasion and other causes, we should say that it is quite possible the treasures of California may effect such a result. It was a considerable time after the discovery of America before the increase of the precious metals was felt sensibly in Europe. Twenty years and more had elapsed, even after the discovery of the rich mines of Potosi, before any sen sible rise took place in prices. ADAM SMITH says the effect was scarcely felt before 1570. But then it might to be observed that the precious metals had been gradually diminishing; that mining . was little understood ; and that increasing civilisation among mankind tended to a greater use and consump tion of the precious metals. Before the mixes of America opened their prodigious treasures to the cupidity of man, the proportion of silver to gold was as 12 to 1 ; now it is 15 to 1. The amount of silver therefore increased in a greater ratio to gold, as might have been expected. The relative amount of silver to gold has been computed at about twenty-two time, mow ; but there scarcely can be any doubt that thaproportion now is far hither, probably 50 to 1. The best testimonies agree in the opinion that the relative proportion in value is no measure of the rela tive quantity of the precious metals. All experience confirms that opinion ; so that, in considering the influx of gold into Europe, there are elements which enter into the calculation beyond supply and demand. Nevertheless, it appears probable that, considering the limited market for gold and the extensive market far silver in Europe, any considerable influx of gold, while silver remained as before, would even tually change those proportions on which our standard is based. The value of silver would not fall, assuming the supply and demand to be equalised, but gold would fall in relation to silver, and the proportion of 15 to 1 could no longer be maintained. Then prices would rise of all articles now estimated in our curreccy— • i.e., in ounce of gold would exchange for less than at present. And, assuming the price of silver to keep up as heretofore, about ss. an ounce, our soverign would be valued less in other countries, and all exchange operations would be sensibly affected. The only coun tervailing influence in the reduction of gold to, say, only double the price of silver, would be an increased consumption in articles of taste and manufacture, which, however, can only be speculative and unc =rain. It is said by the list accounts from California that 500 miles lie open to the avarice of gold hunters, and that some adventurers have collected from 1,200 to 1,800. dollars a day; the probable average of each man's earnings being from 8 to 10 dollars a day, or, let us say, 21. sterling. The same authority avers them is room and verge enough fir the profitable working, to that extent, of 100,000 persons. And it is likely enough before long that such a number may be tempted to seek their easily-scquired fortune in the golden sands of El Sacramento and elsewhere. Now two pounds a day for each man would amount to 200,0001, which, multiplied by 300 working data, will give 80,000,0001. a year! That is, 800,000,0001. in ten years! A fearful amount of gold dust, and far more than enough to disturb the equanimity of ten thousand political economists. - - - • • The gold utensils found among the simple-minded and philosophic Peruvians (who wondered at the eager desire of Christians for what they scarcely valued), will be esteemed trifles with our golden palaces, and halls paved with gold, when California shall have poured this vast treasure into Europe. When we conceive 100,000 gold-finders, we think it possible; and when we bear of each man gaining two pounds value of gold each day, the amount seems too small to excite our surprise; but when we i lemploy old COCKER to realise the result of a year's working, then we produce something infinitely sur passing those fabulous countries where gold was a common thing, and the works of those enchanters who had uncontrolled command over exhaustless treasures. Assuming in round numbers each 2,00011 w., or troy ton, to be equivalent to 100,00 W. sterling, the above amount in one year would represent six hundred tons, and in tee years six th.usand tons of gold! The ima ginadhn 0 all-plodding industrious England is in capable of grasping so great an idea! Cad there be any doubt, then, of a revolution in the value of the precious metals? So far from this prodigious amount of gold being necessary to that end, we lave reason to think that a ten.h part, or six millions a year, would materially effect a change in prices ana exchanges. It is more than probable that the produce of the Russian mines alone, which is very great, though not on the increase, is adequate to supply the whole manufactories of Europe, and compensate for wear and tear of articles in use, and abrasion of coined money; so that six millions ster n* a'yell i 'thrown upon the market would be a superfluity.. In judging of the produce of California, as a new source of supply to meet the probable exhaustion of the Russian mines, and the falling off of those in Brazil, which do not appear to defray the outlay upon them, we must bring experience and probability as our guides. Mining has always, we know, been a precarious operation, ruinous generally to individuals, but always adding something to the general stock. And if Ste take as an example the actual produce of Spanish America, which excited the same sanguine hopes, aid compare the probable prods.* of, California, as estimated on the preceding data, which exceeds by far the whole from that we meg ziaseeabky lase that the manic will either ad hi &hum, or be rodeo tits than Wealth. Beam will be no , raising b • extravagant supply of the precious uphalu %. fall le pries, it Will !exchange for !Res, and that is ;it will disturb existing arrangements, and materially tench rents and fixed homes, while any good resalting is problematicaL Aod it ought to be observed, as another reason against such an ex travagant hypothesis as that put forth, that the known returns of the mists of Spanish America, esteemed greater than the earth had ever before yielded from her capacious breast, comprised both gold and silver. If we suppose there are sow 5,000 men in the Sacramento washing gold, each of whom obtains two pound. sterling a day, set forth as the minimum, the whole would collect 10,0001. a-day—two hundred pounds weight, or 3,000,0001. a•year, equivalent to the whole yielding, of the Russian mines; and all this without the labour, skill, capital, and machinery necessary in precarious mining operations. And here, be it observed, is the marvel; nature for the first time known to men, pours from her lap riches abun diunly, and, in a kindly mood, gives wealth to those who sequin it not according to her ancient decree—industry, or the sweat of the brow. So that if for a moment we can fancy the barren val leys of California giving up half-an-ounce of virgin gold to each restless and wandering adventurer every day, thus pouring into the world an enormous stream of that which is now considered true wealth, some thing. among the few things of earth esteemed of genuine intrinsic value, we must undo all experience, and believe nature has turned over a new leaf in her great book. The question is not whether she acts thus bountifully now, as she has done often before, only to deceive and betray, but whether she will continue so to act ; in a word, whe ther the sources are not merely superficial as well as irregular. But allowing for exaggeration in the description of the golden sands, there is this peculisrity,that where gold is found it will at least do more than repay the outlay of time and labour, which has seldom or ever been the case in working mines. "It is probable," says JACOB, on the Precious Metals," that in all ages those metals have cost more in their production than their value ever repaid." And the same writer observes that even the most pro mising mines declined in produce, the celebrated Pe ruvian mines in the rich district of Potosi yielding after a time not a third of their original produce. Bat then the mines of Spanish America were, and now are, worked with labour, and at great expense, and their precious products therefore came gradually into Europe ; whereas, if our Californian intelligence be correct, the probability is, the supply will be not only great but sudden, and the effect so much the greater. The Mexican mines, which, perhaps, on the whole, were the most rich and permanent, yielded, accord ing to HUMBOLDT, the large sum of 364,847,7391. in 110 year, at the average rate of 3,316,7061. per annum. And JACOB (p. 167) gives the following table : Spanish America £706,461,434 Portuguese America £788,461,414 or an annual product from all the mines of 7,148,7871., namely, of gold and.ailver. It is manifest, then, that a sudden supply of even six millions a year, instead of sixty, would produce a mate rial effect oa the price of gold all over the world, sup posing the prevent supply to be kept up from other quarters. But we think, judging from experience, that nothing like six millions annually will flow from the valleys of California. IT has often been remarked that the cholera has made its first attacks on the population of a city or densely peopled district at the commencement of winter, and that after the first attacks it slumbered or smouldered, giving signs merely of inactive life throughout the winter, but awakening with the re turn of spring to its intense and malicious influence. This possibly would have been the case at present with us, had not the wandering virus of the disease found a locality and a little population so apt for its reception and development, that it burst forth at once to decimate the Pauper Infant School at Tooting. We have heard many complaints of Westminster sewers and city drainage, too many of them founded in truth. But the ho-rible neglect of health and decency consisting of the collection and detention of filth and ordure is far more flagrant in the tuburbs of London and the adjoining villages than in the most intricate labyrinths of our town streets. It is to those very villages and suburban abodes that the inhabitants of this great city fly for health, and as yet, as far as security from nuisance goes, we verily believe that we are safer in St. Mary-axe from epidemy and cholera, than up the Hampstead-road or amongst the Surrey hills. The higher and more open the locality, the less care is thought necessary. And with all our sanitary fuse, the filth of Jassy or Bucharest at the breaking up of the ice is scarcely greater than that of our suburban cesepools and drain-ditches. There is no law, no authority in these districts, as any one may know who has a complaint to make, even of nuisances threatening life. No matter what the urgency or gravity of the case, the complainant will find himself bandied from post to pillar, and from parish to sanitary o ffi cer, with authority doubtful, and good will non•extant lhe parish authorities of such wealthy but overtaxed districts are anxious, princi pally for economy, and very naturally so. T he only remedy for abuse is a lawsuit, and six months may be spent, with a proportionate expenditure, in disco vering who are the parties to be prosecuted. We believe it was Leipsig wl,o-e suburbs and adja cent villages were ravaged in the great year of cho lera, whilst the town escaped unhurt. Similar re sults here would not surprise us. Journals talk of the impurity of the Thames ; whilst there is 1 no miasma from its ebb or flow to be compared with the at. rich which frequently arrests and almost knocks down the Sunday wanderer or the civic dwellers amidst suburban fields acid roads. The Tooting Pauper Infant Asylum is a strong case in point. The metropolitan board of guardians com miserated the state of the infant poor, condemned to pine in the close walls of a London poor-house. They forthwith make an effort and send them to the country for health and air. And the poor children find a summary species of disease and death which they would have escaped under the smoke and shade of metropolitan chimneys. The fifteen hundred children were, it seems, planted on the brink of an immense jakes, not only upon that formed by the drainage of their own eirablish ment, which was carefully and cautiously conducted without the walls, but allowed to stagnate imme diately on the other side of them : but that immense cluster of buildings called the Surrey Lunatic Asylum had carefully conveyed its offscourings to the vi cinity of the rural refuge of the metropolitan poor. Cholera, prowling about to see whom it might devour, soon espied a place so apt even for its winter quarters, strai b ht pitched its camp in the Tooting establishment, and went actively to its work of destruction. One-fifth of the number of children have been attacked, and we perceive by the accounts how large a proportion of the attacks have proved fatal. _ _ e have seen nothing calculated to inculpate the muter of this pauper establishment. Four•and sixpence a week seems a small allowance for food, clothes, and lodging, but no complaints of ill health or suffering were previously made. And the 121. or 131. a year for each child, small as may be its provision, falls still heavy on the rate payers. So much so indeed, that we wonder pauper boys and girls verging on the age when they might be so useful in the colonies as shepherds or as ser vents, are not sent their, instead of vegetating until fifteen at Tooting. Assuredly there would be eco nomy in sending them to Canada or the Cape, or even to Sydney, where bett-r sustenance than gruel would be bestowed on their growing frames, and more hardy and useful habits communicated to boys of thirteen. Benevolent men have been successful in procuring this bettered fate for the children of crime : why should it be denied to the orphans of the industrious poor ? FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY, 6 P M. Last evening the President of the republic re ceived at dinner MM. Thies, Mole, 0. Barrot, and Leon Faucher. This evening his cousin, M. Napoleon Bonaparte, and several leading members of the party of the National, dined with him. I am aimed that another ministerial crisis is far from being improbable at the present moment, although nothing on this subject hu yet transpired in the press. Several conferences have been held by the President on the one hand with the leaders of the me dente party, and on the other with the republicans of the twills. The family of Prince Louis cease urging him to a coalition with the latter. It is said that the President has directly put it to the' leaders of the moderate party, that their position at present is indefensible ; that, true or false, it is as sumed by the country that they stand bebiud the Cabinet prompting and inspiring it, but leaving to it the whole responsibility ; that they ought to come forward and take the responsibilities of office, or allow a Cabinet to be formed from other element?, the real chief of which would stand ostensibly forward. It is said, that upon this M. Thiers has submitted a ministerial combination, in which Marshal Bugeaud would form a part, as well as two or three of the present cabinet, and of which he would himself, of course, be the chief. It is further said, that the family of Prince Louis, who are in relation with the party of the National, are prompted by M. Armand Marrast to propose a cabinet, oomposed of republicans of the will., in which MM. Marred and Mature would be united with M. Barthelemy St. Hilaire. I cannot guarantee the accuracy of these reports, which are not very widely spread, though circulated in quarters en titled to much consideration. In the Assembly to day, M. de Maleville announced that all the documents in the archive. of the Interior relating to Prince Louis at Boulogne and Strasbourg had been put under seal. PORTUGAL. We announced on Saturday the arrival of the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Iberia at Southampton, with advice. from Gibraltar, Cadiz, Lisbon, and Vigo. It was said t ha t after the Cortes were opened in Lis bon on the 2nd Jan., they would be closed until the 20th. It is known that the majority of the house are against the actual government for their continual anticipations of the revenue. There is not a farthing in the treasury. All classes continue to be seriously in arrow. The dividends, army and navy, are in a deplorable state of need. In the mean time, all expenditure seems to continue as usual. At Cadiz quarantine laws were of much injury to every pursuit and speculation. To show the poverty patent at Lisbon, a ship-of-war (Vasco de Gama ' 74) is re quired at Rio Janeiro for protection of Portuguese interests. The government were too poor to fit her out. '1 he merchants advanced the means, and have agreed to pay the necessary keep of the ship while there, as her imposing presence is quite necessary for their protection. Gibraltar, exchange on London, 90 days, 49 to 49j. Prince Adelbert, of Bavaria, left Gibraltar for Tangier on the 27th, in the Poly phemus. He left under a salute of 19 guns from the garrison. He goes home through Spain and France. The following ts a translation of the royal speech, which was to be delivered at the opening of the Cortes on the 2nd inst. : Worthy Peers of the Realm end Gentlemen Deputies of the Portuguese Nation, — With extreme pleasure I again see the national representa tives re-united around my constitutional throne. Public tranquillity has remsined unaltered during the in. terval since the last session. Peace and order—essential guarantees of the representative system, founded upon public liberty and prosiarity—have been maintained without the necessity of extraordinary measures, which are always of a painful nature. The Portuguese nation, in the free use of the liberties guaranteed by the constitutional charter, has become worthy the envy of the nrisr civilised countries, in consequence of the p ace and trarquillity it enjoys whilst Europe has been d vastated by the films of civil discord. The monarchical and social principles, in so many places threatened, derive their force in Portugal from the hearts of suliects wen tislly venerators of the crown and of the religion of their ancestors. 1 haws been careful to reciprocate the proofs of friend ship I continue to receive from foreign powers, and my government seeks still further to consolidate and cement the ties which ally them with the Portuguese nation. With profound sorrow I received accounts of the unhappy events wkich made the Holy Fr her consider it necessary to withdraw himself from his dominions and proceed to Gaeta, to which place he was followed by my minister in Rome, who attended him in all his tri:rulatiorui, according to my orders. _ Animated by the religious sentiments which gained for my august predecessor. the title I so mach •ilue of " Most Faithful Bons of the Church," I sent a pear of the realm, who is a chamberlain of my palace, upon an extraordinary mission to the sacred pontiff, to wham I wrote ES an obedient daughter, assuring him of the joy it would cause me should he be pl aced to sanctify these realms with his presence. In consequence of these events it is to be feared that delays will arise in the solution of pending negotiations, which are called for by the spiritual necessities of the people, and by the interests of the crown, in the enjoyment of rights which were always held in great value by the monarchs of this kingdom. Meanwhile, I have the satisfaction to announce to you that some resolu tions, adapted to promote the religious well. being of Portuguese su bj ects, had been agreed upon in common accord with the Holy See, as my government will iu due time inform you. You will likewise be snide acquainted with a convention entered into with the empire of Brazil, for establishing a just reciprocity in navigation dues, founded upon the mutual con venience of both countries. The state of the public treasury suffers from the defects of the present system of taxation, in which important modi fications have become of urgent necessity, in order to com bine the bond fide collec•ion of the imposts with the convie Merles of the people, founding the improvements of the apstrm on the clearness and simplicity of its regulations and the responsibility of its agents. My government will lay before you the budget of the re ceipts and expenditure of the state, and will render you an account of the execution of the laws recently passed fur the administration of the public nee. Upon fixing the naval and military forces, you will attend to the exigenci. s of the public security and the honour of the nation, seconding my government in the measures it has to propose for attaining those important results. All my ultramarine provinces continue in perfect tran quillity. If their position be not so prosperous as might be expected from their valuable resources, it has, however, ge aurally improved. My government will propose to you such measures as it considers most appropriate for aiding the de velopment of those resources. I rely upon your devoting most serious attention to the examination of the budget and the proxies!, of organic laws which my government will present to you, and thus promote, by care and united efforts, administrative improvements in the most important branches of the service, adopting, with respect to each, such measures as experience i .dicaus and the public necessities demand. I hope that the chambers will give to my government the •fficscious and enlightened cooperation which the cause of the monarchy, of order, and of liberty exacta. ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—Advices from Rome of the 28th ult. announce that the Minister of the Interior on that day read the decree for the dissolution of the two Chambers, which broke up accordingly. The proclamation of the Roman Constituent Assembly was expected that very evening. The civic guard made a demonstration in favour of the constituents cm the 27th ult. SARDINIA.—Count Martini is appointed Minister of Sardinia at Rome, and M. Plezza, ez-minister, has been sent as Minister to Naples. M. Raffini is men tioned as the Sardinian Chargé d'Affaires at the congress of Brussels. The PiedmonOse Gazette of the 2nd inst. publishes an address of the Committee of the Provinces of Parma, Piacenza, Modena, and lteggio, to the President of the Council of Ministers, praying for the resumption of hostilities. This address was presented on 24th ult. The Genoa Gazette of the la states that the Genoa and Milan courier had returned with the letters and journals for the latter city, the Austrians having re fused to let him pass the frontier. It was said that Radeteki intended to resume hostilities himself; he has concentrated troors on the frontier, and particn- Indy at Piacenza, which gives easy access either to Piedmont, Tuscany, or Romagna. The Concordia of the 2nd inst. says: " If what is ru moured be true, the Austrians will shortly attack our frontiers, whilst the Neapolitans will invade Romagna. LOMBARBY.—A letter from Milan of the 30th ult., published in the Concordia of Turin of the lst states that orders have been issued to arrest any one going into Lombardy having with them any political paper or journal from Piedmont, and that a circular of Radetski's of the 24th prohibited all persons from passing into Lombardy from Piedmont except diplo matic or military couriers, travellers by pmt, or pri vate carriages, and drivers of mail coaches and car riages chared with merchandise. ITALIAN DUCHIES.—The Alba, quoting a letter from Piacenza of the 27th ult., says, to-day all the Austrian garrison was in movemeut. The generale was beaten, and the soldiers were under arms as if I the enemy had arrived. This great stir was, it is said, occas'.oned by the appearance of 30,000 Pied montese troops on the frontier of the duchies. The Nationale of Florence, of the 27th ult., quotes a letter, which says that a certain num ber of Piedmontese had entered Carrara, and driv,n , away the Tuscans. This is one ot the towns of which Tuscany and Piedmont have disputed tt a possession, but it gnorant o was supfposedthe thatactin question. the Piedmontem m;nisby was i By a grand ducal decree of the 28th ult, the Leggy, lative Assemblies of Tuscany are convoked for th e 10th inst. GERMANY. PRUSSIA.—Our intelligence from Berlin read * , to the 4th inst. Daring the preceding day, many of the ex-members, who, it was expected, would be en rested, usembled under one roof, so that their arrest might take place together, in case the senat e of the criminal tribunal came to the resolution to older thei r being taken into custody. It may be observed hp * that, although their incarceration wi I not disqualify them as candidates at the forthcoming elections, they may be detained in prison even after the assembling of the chambers, unless their respective coll.-ap es vote for their liberation during the session. Now, se the majority, if not all, of the 136 ex-members will be, for a certainty, returned, the government and their parliamentary abettors may have little scruple in voting against their releay. from custody. A sort of parliamentary coup d'etat would not unaptly succeed a government one. It appears by an article in the Berlin Deutsehe Re. form of the 3d instant, that considerable excitement prevails amongst the peasantry in Silesia; that they demand the total and urconditional abolition of in feudal dues on land, and that even communist doe. trines have made no inconsideraVe progress amongst them. The above journal attributes all this to the agita tion carried on by the democrats. The peasantry of the Grand Duchy of Posen are also in a very unsettled state. Legere from Leipeic state that two-thirds of the members of the Saxon legislature are radicals. The chambers will be opened on the 10th ing. PRINCIPALITIES OF TH DANUBE.—The Wiener Zeaung says : ' The Russian army of occu pation has no. , taken up its winter quarters. The Turkish troops have gone into their cantonment at the most important passage of the Danube—namely, Galacz, Ibraila, and Giurgewo, independently of their quartering at Bucharest : the Russian army is lodged along the military road from Bessarabia to Bucharest, having their main stations at Leowe, Berlad, Fokehan, Dawn, and Bucharest, where the Dambowitza forms the line of demarcation between the two encampments. Besides this, Jassy has a strong Russian garrison, and large bodies of the Russian army divisions are lodged as far up as the boundaries of Transylvania, in Moldavia, as well as in Wallachia. Intelligence from Belgrade says that Prince Can Georgowitsch and the Servian 'enate, upon receiving the intelligence that the Emperor of Austria has recognised the Servian waywode, and re-established the patriarchate, resolved to put an auxiliary of 10,000 regulars and a sub sidy of 20,000 ducats at the diposal of the waywode. Authority has been given to the f ree troops to erase the Danube, and to juiu the Serviette in Hungary. The Pacha of Belgrade has sanctioned ell these measures. A report is in circulation that the Sultan has not only authorised the Servians to hasten to the assistance of the Servians in Austria, but has even invited them energetically to support their neighbour, and brethren. It is asserted that the Prince of Nloblavia has re ceivcd a command from the St. Petersburg cabinet, in which, without previously consulting the Turkish authorities, the mode is determined in which the loan of 30.000 silver roubles is to be rep ad which Russia advanced to two rrincipalities of the Danube. From the Ist of January all the taxes are to be rained a tenth. Oae-tenth is to be paid by the agricultural districts and one-tenth by the landed proprieto,s. Ths peremptory command is sufficient proof hew different is the practice and the theory of the promises made by Count Nesselrode in his note of the 10th of July. FRANKFURT, Jas. 3. You are aware that the direct and immediate object of the Gagern programme is to unite a part of Ger many under the domination of Prussia, and to exclude Austria, leaving to that power the option ot contract ing a kind of perpetual alliance with this curtailed and Prussianised Germany. The partisans of Prussia have been stirring heaven and earth during the Christ mas holidays; and they had already begun their hymn of victory, when yesterday morning the Central ministry received despatches from the Austrian minis try, containing an energetic protest against the terms of the Gagern programme. I have not seen the de spatches, but I know from unquestionable authority that they contain such a protest, witk the additional declaration that the Austrian government has no in tention of separating from united Germany, and is ready on all occasions to claim all its rights and dis charge all its obligations as a member of the Germanic confederation. So far all is well ; but the Austrian government, in its protest and despatches, takes up its ground on " the confederation"—that is to say, evades any recognition of the sovereignty of the national as sembly in its constituent capacity, and reserves a right to reject or amend the constitution that may be passed by that bcrty. It has long been known that Austria wished to take its stand upm this principle. Hanover has occupied the same ground ; but Prussia is too cunning to avow this principle, although it is silently aiming at the same ulterior object which the others proclaim so noisily, as if to put all the world on their guard against the danger that threatens the National Assembly. The Austrian protest gives the coup-de-yrare to the Gagern programme. Nevertheless M. von Gagern is resolute to make it a cabinet question. Ido n t be lieve there is the slightest chance of his getting a iajority of the parliament to vote for his programme; but it appears that he prefers to fall fighting than to retreat without striking a blow. The Prussian party are well aware that if they do not conquer the impe rial crown at the first assault, it is lost to them for ever. Tnis is the reason why they are determined to give battle at all hazards. The partisans of Austria affirm that the young Em peror is ready to make great concessions if the parlia ment elect him Emperor of Germany. I believe they are losing their labour, and that the two candidates have every chance of playing the parts of the two claimants in the fable of Justice and the Oyster. Austria's chance of the imperial crown is slender; the Archduke John's prospects of becoming the per manent head of the central government improve every day. There is an unwillingness to accept Austria with its emperor as the head of Germany, for that would be to drive Prussia into the arms of Russia, and to give Austria the power to play over again its old game in German politics. The partisans par es ' cellence of Austria constitute the most dangerous party in our parliament. They are all of the Metter nich school, sa.d their leader, Von Schmerling, said in his last speech at Vienna that he is an Austrian out and out, and only in so far a German as is compatible with that character. This Austrian party, of which Schroerling has in herited the leadership from Metternich, is hostile to the sovereignty of the German parliament. It has abetted all the selfish dispositions of the Austrian government. If this party were to be brought into power by the election of its Emperor, German liberty would be destroyed, and German unity would not be saved out of the wreck. From all this it is obvious that poor Germany is in a critical position, and that, in order not to despair of it, we must have faith in the German proverb that " A merciful Providence never deserts an honest German." The complicity of Austria and Prussia will bring recruits to the independent German party. ROME, Dec. 28. The supreme triumvirate have brought forward the decree for the convocation of a national constituent assembly, based on universal suffrage, and to consist of 200 members; but it has encountered opposition in the present chamber on technical grounds. I have reason to believe that the triumvirs will, before the year 1849 be ushered in, dissolve the parliament and refer the whole question to the country, convoking the Assembly on its own authority. Tile oppo-itioa members meet nightly, headed by Mayr and Folletti, member for Comacchio, with a certain Gallo, famous for his energy in the command of the Gregorian dra gonades of bye-gone days. There is no reactionary support outside the chamber. CoL Gallieno having resigned the command of the civic guard, that post has been conferred on the Duke Sforza CesarinL . . . Brigante Bellini, member for Osimo, has resigned on the express grounds that the clamber is not coiog its duty in not dissolving itself, aid appealing to the people for ratification of its acts. It has gone too far, be Pays, to think of any half measures now. Ac _mints from: Gaeta represent the Pope as in a most desponding state, but resolutely persisting in refusal of all compromise. What Pen his friends and 1