The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-24 00:00:00

- 2 not be termed civilised. The source of wealth is, in such states, in the land and not in the citizen. The land is au end and not a means for the population. To its yield the cultivator is bodily enslaved. If the harvest repay his toil he can live, but no more. If dearth ensue, he falls a miserable victim to a degrad ing prepossession. Actual experience, facts that all who run may read, warrant our going still farther. We have at this moment a most striking illustration, written in characters that cannot be mistaken, of the superior power of free exertion over the compar ati uthernve freedom of a privileged class. Russia, whose so pro vinces in the vicinity of the Black Sea have, from time immemenial, been the granary of Europe, owes this plenty mainly to the large scale on which the cultivation of a rich soil is carried on. Hungary, or rather the fertile portion of that rich country, pos sesses a similar advantage. But neither of these countries can rise in regularity or abundance of pro duction with the far less numerous floe citizens of America. The inhabitants of the southern states of the Austrian empire exceed in number the population of the United States. The fertile provinces of Itussia are likewise more populous than the United States. But from which of these countries, as they are now organised, can we draw the supplies of grain on the scale, and with the regularity, which we require? We say nothing of the additional stock of cotton, sugar, timber, potashes, tallow, and other articles, only a portion of which we draw both from the east and from the west. And in which of these coun tries is the condition of the inhabitant the best? This power to export is nut commanded in America any more than in Europe, by cultivators of ten, or even of twenty acres, still less by the tillers of one, Or of half an acre. A farm of twenty acres may ab- Dort) the labour of an industrious family with that of a pair of horses ; but it cannot possibly yield any superfluity. With freedom of action, and security from the rapine, whether of highwaymen or of legis lators, the same means might cultivate, under circum stances, fifty, or even one hundred and fifty acres. If the family could live upon the produce of the twenty-acre farm, the produce of the larger plot must furnish a superfluity wherewith to provide luxury for the grower, and food for the purveyor of luxuries. An union of states in which this practice was fully carried out, would have some clams to be termed a civilised world. It is evident, therefore, that the civilisation of Ire land, or of Hungary, or of ltussia, is in no way de pendent upon the securing of the cultivation of a minute plot of land to every family. Freedom from famine—in other words, the command of greater supplies of food—must be obtained by improving the standard of personal security. The rights of the trader and of the manufacturer, including the la bourers as well as the employers, must be asserted against the attacks and unwarrantable interference of all enemies; whether kings or mobs, legislators or agitators, corporations or combinations. Such an emancipation is requisite to furnish a large and fer tile country with superfluous produce to export. A small, but civilised) state can import what it can pur chase cheaply, and can select the most remunerating crops for home cultivation. A minutely-divided soil devoted to the growth of grain entails, moreover,' ' a special cause of local famine distinct from the un productive employment of the labour bestowed upon it. The small superfluities which supply the markets' of a country so situated being in the hands of nume rous holders, each can retain what he wishes to sell until lie obtains the price he wishes, without much in convenience to himself. The consequence, therefore, of a prevailing notion that a harvest has partially failed is inevitably a holding back from market of ' the minute but numerous supplies in the growers' hands. The moral impression is not counteracted by any pressure like that which the large landholder feels, who has wages, rent, and other payments to meet. Hence famine may be more easily produced without sufficient cause in Ireland than in any other' country. Mr. TOOKE has beautifully analysed the effect of moral impressions upon the money market in one of his works, in which he shows the manner in which a scarcity of money has been created under the fear of war, of intestine agitations, or of expected scarcity. We wish that other political economists would devote more attention to men than to things. It would be then more easy to follow their speculations. FRANCE.—EXPORTATION FP.F.NCII SUGAR TO EXCL.Viil.—Owing to the measure taken by the English government to operate a reduction on sugar made by free labour, some of the large towns of the North of France have demanded trim the Minister of Commerce and Agriculture the free exportation of home-made sugar from their menu factorice The minister, acceding to their demand, has decided that sugar made from the beet-root may be exported duty-free. A cause which has excited great interest in the aris tocratic circles, was decided by the Cour Royale, on Satur day, after n litigation of several months. The parties are the Duke do Valenc ny, the son of the Duchess de Dino, niece of the let^ Prince de Talleyrand, and the Duchess de Valency, his wife, who is the daughter of the late Duke de Montmo rency. The ear:ies were married very young with the con sent of their Barents, and the Princo de Talli grand, on the occasion, settled on the Duke do Valeneay the estate of Va leucay, but as this was not to come into the Duke's po.aes aion until after the death of the Prince, and not then unless a certain number of should have elapsed, the prince allowed the duke a fixe years d income of 10, 0 0 0 fr. a year during his life, and the Duchess do Dino settled the same amount upon her son. The Duke and Duchees de Valeneay had other and larger sources of revenue, but it appears that the duke did not live within his means, and gut considerably into debt. When the Duke and Duchess do Montmorency died, the Duchess de Valencay became entitled to a fortune of about three millions of francs, and, fearing that her husband might make use of tier fortune to repair his own, and that their children would thus be injured, she sued for a separa tion de them, in order that her property might be entirely taken out of her husband's control. In support of this ap plication much was said by her counsel of the excessive ex penditure of the husband, and of the debts which he had contracted. In reply it was contended, that the debts of the prince were not so large as had been represented, and that the estate of Valeuaay, which is valued at about seven mil lions of francs, but yields only 100,003 f. per ununm, was capable of great improvement, and would thus enable the duke to get rid of all his pecuniary embarrassments. The court decided in fuvuur of the duchess, by granting her the separate and independent control of her property, for which she sued. the Courrier de Marseille has the following:—" A singular fact, which we publish with a certain reserve, has been reported to us by a person worthy of credit, who col lected the details on the spot. It appears that on the even ing of the 12th, at a quarter past ten, the small town of Ge manes experienced two shocks of earthquake at intervals of five minutes between them. The oscillation was sufficiently strong to displace large pieces of furniture, and to throw down any small articles which were placed on them. This phenomenon was felt in the house of M. Leroy, a notary, and in almost all the houses of the commune. A recently built house received much damage, the Walls having been cracked by the shock. It is added that a similar commotion has been telt at Sairt Jean de Garguier, at the Chateau of N. de Clapiers ; at Itoquevaire, and at the foot of the moun tain of Sainte-VicV , ire. If this be the case, the latter cir cumstance may perhaps explain this physical pheuonienon, Mont Sainte-Victoire presenting, as is known, in its fissures all the characters of an extinguished volcano." BELGIUM. —llaussms, Dec. 21.—1 t is now certain that Baron Rothschild's recent interview with the king had no reference to the dispute pending between England and France (as some Be'gian and. English journals asserted), but simply to a negotiation for talking up a consi derable quantity of treasury bonds wnich, at the present moment, when money is very scarce in this country, could not be easily turned to account. During several months those bonds were offired at 31 and even 4 per cent. interest, but very few purchasers could he found. The journals of this morning publish a notification from the Minister of Finance, to the effect that treasury bends may be still had in his office, with an interest of 5 per cent. per annum at the year's date, and at the rate of 41 per cent. per annum at six months' date. The sum paid in must not be under 1,000 francs, nor above 20,000 francs. Those persons who will not insist on being paid at the banking firm of Messrs. Roths child at Paris, will, moreover, be entitled to a commission of per cent. All those advantages show the want of specie in this country. It is expected that the royal sanction of the laws relating to provisions (laws which have been passed in both chambers) will be published in a day or two in the Mondeur. A gentleman, named Houyet, the manager of an extensive establishment in this city, has laid before the government the plan of a voluntary and permanent subscription for the relief of the working classes during the four winter months. lie proposes to organise three categories of subscribers—one engaging to pay half a franc, another 10 centimes, and the third 2 centimes every day during the above period. It is calculated that a sum of 12,000,000 of franca could be raised by that plan. The Independence of this morning states that the project is under the consideration of ministers.—The principal cotton manu facturers of Ghent, the Manchester of this country, held a meeting this day, in order to take steps for improving the depressed condition o7their trade, which is principally caused by the exorbitant price of the raw materials. As soon as the proceedings at the meeting are published, we shall not fail to forward an account of them.—ln consequence of the recent heavy fall of snow nod the subsequent thaw, several rivers have already overtl) Red their bauks.—The price of bread, which has been raised again this day, has now attained the Limi t s. one of 1816.—Their Belgian Majesties will return Irons Paris before the end of this mantb. SWITZEIZLAND. — A letter from tine canted of Tesin says, that the Austrian agents are intriguing in that canton in favour of the League of the Seven Cantons. They ......... ... i 1 i court d separat . . the sue The , 1 , 1 ainguta been n lected I I ing of I • ' maims I five mi 1 strong downs phenol and in t; I built t 3 cracke has be M. de toin of eumst Mont all the BE certaii king Engle assert , derab' l ' mom not t I those but 1 this n Final in his year't moat franc insist child i Pe of si royal I whiel in a 1 Houl city, and! closet three from days 12,6( i , hide; the c factu meet •I• dept.. VII' . p ros tt t ! ; i form I .. hear have 1 11 1 ,1 whit Limit from I; I S I Tesit taste 1 11 1 , t I l k I \ ‘ i s 1 lt ', THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 24, 1846. obstinately refused to give his name, but it has been ascer tained that lie is the head of the above house of Schiller and Co., of Breslau. lie inherited from his father half a milkn of dollars, and by great industry soon tripled the sum, hut lost everything lately in speculations on 'Change. He lost more than cnib million dollars on the full of the shares on the Cracow railway, which, owing to the incorporation with Austria, fell even to 70 per cent. DEATH OF PRINCE DE ROHAN.-It is not long since we announced the death of Prince Benjamin do Rohan, who was drowned at a swimming school, and we have now to record the death of another member of that illustrious family. Prince Victor de Itohan-Guemetie., Duke of Boni! lon and Montbagon, departed this life on the 10th inst., at his castle of Ole:wow, in Bohemia, iu the 81s t y ear o his age. Born in the middle of tho last century the p r ince bad moved amongst all the emiosr,! men of that conch. Gifted with flu amiable and libe ral mind, chivelroua and brave even to heroism, he may be cited as a model of that type of the true gentleman now fast dwindling to oblivion. Of a robust constitution, he would not have fallen a prey to death so soon, but the untimely fate of his nephew, Prince Benjamin de Rohan, preyed upon his mind and shortened the path of his existence. He leaves no descendants in direct lino. His titles and dignities are inherited by his nephew, Prince Camille of Rohanatoehe fart ; and the five children of the late Prince Benjamin de Rohan are the, only male representatives of the house of Italian. KIENIGSBERO.-A suit of nullity of marriage, on tho ground that the husband was a Jew, and the wife a Christian, was decided a few days ago by the ari tri- bunal of Keenigsbeng. The parties, M. Falkson, the daughter of M. Leioerg, • wealthy merchant, were affianced with the fuU consent of their respective parents ; but not one of too ministers of the Lutheran church, to which the young lady belonged, would con sent to perform the marriage ceremony. An application was made to the minister of public worship, who refused to give his authorisation, and the same fate attended an appeal to the King in council. Upon these failures the parties went over to Hull, and were there mrrricd according to the laws of England. and then returned home and lived together as man and wife. The law officer of the crown asserted the nullity of the marriage on the grounds of its want of form and the incapacity of the parties to enter into the contract. All Prussian subjects of the Christian religion, he said, must he married by priests ordained in Prussia, and M. Falksoc , being a Jew, had not been married according to the ritual of his own religion, as prescribed by an Edict, issued on the 11th March, 18 12 . M. Falkson , having obtained permission to plead his owu calm., replied with great ability and accu rate acquaintance with the marriage-law of Prussia, which he urged did not prerail when the party who was not a Christian consented willingly to be bound by christian rites and ceremonies, Ell had been done in innumerable instances. Ile urged that if there were a rule adopted by all Jews which precluded their marriage with Christians, it might be asserted, end with reason, that these unions were prohibited; but as this was not the case, and, on the contrary, the laws of the Jews insured to all liberty of conscience, every one of them had a right to interpret and profess Lis religion according to his own convictions. Thu., when Jews con tracted marriage with Christians, it was not necessary to inquire whether the principles of the Jewish parties were those of Judaism generally, but what was the conviction of these who wished to unite themselves with Christians. If they were convinced that they might, in accordance with the principles of their religion, us they understood them, submit to the laws of the Christians, then their marriages were permitted by the Code itself. For himself, he hod, on all his applications for permission to marry, explicitly de clared, and again he repeated the declaration, that he was willing to submit, and did submit, to the laws of the Christians on marriage. He then cited cases to show that such marriages bad been held good and valid in Prussia. The court, having heard the advocate of the wife, and the law officer of the crown in reply, delivered the following judgment :—Considering that although, on the one hand, it is true that the civil code does not admit of marriages be tween Christians and persons who, according to the princi ples of their religion, cannot submit themselves to the laws which govern Christian marriages, the public minister has not, on the other hand, proved that the Israelites form part of that class of persons designated by the code as not being able to submit to the said laws ; that the tribunal is not in Itself satisfied that the Jews do belong to the class in ques tion ; that in all cases of doubt it is right to adopt the mild est interpretation. lit rebus dubiis interprelatio Magna. Therefore the tribunal dismisses the suit of the public minis ter, tmling to obtain a declaration that the marriage in England between Falkeon and his wife is null and void. RUSSIA.—From the 9th of January next, the new year's day of the Russians, the ancient kingdom of Poland will take the name of New Russia.:lt will be divided into two governments—that of Warsaw and that of Lublin. Prince Paakiewicz, the present governor of the kingdom of Poland, will be replaced by . Prince Gorczikoff ; the Russian lan guage must be used an all the courts of law ; the customs will be suppressed • Russian products will enter Poland free of duty • Polish p r oducts wi ll be taxed. TURKEY.—CONSTANTINOPLE, Dec. 2.—For the last three days the Mussulmen have been celebrating their festival of the Kurban-Buiram. More than 75,000 lambs will be slaughtered, which proves that notwithstanding the attempts made to civilise the Turks, they still adhere to their ancient religious usages. The Turkish fleet had re turned. Persia seems making great preparations for war. The Shah intends assembling at Teheran an army of 25,000 men, under the orders of his eldest son. Turkey is supposed to be the object of these preparations. it is not known what effect they may have on the Divan; it is, however, certain that the Ottoman Porte has accorded a ha ndsome; indemnity (7,00 W.) for the insults offered to the Persian Charge d'Affaires at Erserouni The cholera continued to ravage Tauris and &hires. There was a report at Trebisonde that at Bagdad 7,000 persons had been carried away by the cho lera, and that it had made its appearance at 11lossaul. Toyar Pasha, the governor of Mosaoul, Lad died, but not of the cholera. COLONIAL. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—Advises from the Cape of Good Hope were received yesterday; to the I tth of October from Cape Town, and to the ith of the same mouth from Graham's Town. The only intelligence of a decisive nature they contain relates to an interview which took place near Ilie,ek Drift, between Colonel Johnstone, on the part of the governor, and a number of Kaffir chiefs. It was inti mated to the Kettles that the Kei river is henceforth to form the colonial frontier ; and that all who live within it are to regard themselves as subjects of Great Britain. The Kalfirs were not prepared to assent to these terms, and have for the present retired again to the Amahala mountains. From intelligence which has reached us from another quarter, we believe that the frontier of the Kei will be in. sisted on. It will remove the independent Kaffir a little further from Graham's Town, and effort, perhaps, a less se nveuient lurking-place for marauders than the pre sent line of frontier; in other respects little will be gained by it. It is to he hoped that the dream of settling the newly acquired territory with exclusively black teslomsts, which a certain party at the Cape are indutgine in, may not be real ised. But this arrangement canuut he lasting : all the tern tory between Graham's Town and Natal, the sea-coast and the Orange-river must be made British territory before last ing peace can be looked for. On Sunday the 4th of October, the Rev. Mr. Calderwool was nearly killed by some lurking Kaffirs as he was riding to Fur t Beaufort with despatches from the governor. In the beginning of the preceding vs ask the Kaffir; burned Phillipron, a station of the London Mis sionary Society. The indefatigable exertions of Colonel Somerset, despite the severe weather, had recaptured be tween 4,000 and 6,000 cattle from the K afire. The follow ing is the account given in the Frontier Time., of the inter view between Colonel Johnstone and the Kaffir chiefs: — Information reached town on Saturday that the Gaika chiefs had refused to accede to the terms submitted to them by Colonel Johnstone, on the part of the commander-in-chief. The meeting took place on Thersday afternoon, the let inst., ea the bank, of the Chutuie River, near Bloat. Drift, a message having been previously sent to Macomo (who had made the overtures on the part of the Gaika chiefs) by Lt.-Col. Camp bell, that Lt.-Col. Johnstone would meet them there. The chiefs present were—Macuino, Saudilla, Botman, and all Macorao's sons, one only excepted. There were also several councillors, and about 300 Kuffirs, a great num- I her of them e.ouuted and armed with muskets, all of whom were apparently in excellent order. Macomo looked ill, and very weak, and was labouring under a severe attack of dysentery. There was no difference in the appearance of the other chiefs. Botman looked as fat and sleek as ever. They did not seem to be humbled, but they all, however, appeared heartily tired of the war. Besides Col. Johnstone, who conducted the negotiation, Major Smith and several others were present, among whom wan the Rev. Mr. Calder wood (formerly Maeomo's missionary). At the epecial request of his Excellency the Governor, Colonel Johnstone informed the chiefs of the determination of the governor, which was in substance, that he did not want war, and loved peace; but that ho was determined there should be an end to the outrages which had fur so long a period, in defiance of treaties, been committed upon the coloni,ta by the Kaffir, and which the chiefs either would not, or could not, restrain. That he had taken possession, in the name of her Majesty, of their country as fax as the Kei River, which would henceforth be the colonial boundary. That it was his intention to locate the Fingoes and Hottentots, and such Kaffirs as had not joined in the war, in the ceded territory. That such of the chiefs and their people who would gree to give up their arm+, and restore, or assist in the restoration, of the cattle stolen from the colony, would be all-wed to remain in the country between the Keiskamma and the Kei, not, however, as independent chiefs or haws, but as subjects of the British government :—and that those who refused to submit to these terms would be driven over the latter river, and the cattle taken by force of arms. Macomo appeared evidently inclined to accept these condi tions, but he was closely watched by the other chiefs, who were not disposed to submit. excepting on their own terms. Macomo'a sons particularly—with whom, it is said, he has had several quarrels lately—were daermined to yield nothing. Sanffilla and Boman displayed a good deal of hauteur, though there was an absence of that insolent rude ness which had been usually exhibited et similar meetings. They, as well as Macomo, were desirous of being all 'wed to return to their former shades, and as regarded the surrender of their arms and booty, Botman said, in reference to the former, that such a d, mend was never made by one nation that conquered another; their guns were their property, bought with their money, and could net, therefore, be demanded of them. The cattle, he said, were dead; and what was taken in war was taken not again to be restored. The cities were told that whilst they were talking of peace, their people were committing aggressions in the colony in every direction. To this they replied in the old strain, that those were thieves whom they could not restrain, and who should be shot. Sanffilla said they were deter mined not to fight any more ; that his people would go on cultivating their gardens, and that the English might come and kill them. They were then told, that having declined : .‘oar';y are said to have threatened, that if the Teamois persistea would in their present line of policy, none of the inhabitants he allowed to enter, or be employed in, the Austrian donel- niona. ITALY.---The commission appointed by the Pope to examine into the ;petitions counseled with a revision of the civil and criminal laws has made its first report, in which it passes in review what it considers as the most urgent reforms, the foremost of which is the inatitution of the jury. According to the plan proposed by the commission, the j urymen would be divided into two classes. Tho first would include rich landowners, members of the nobility, and commercial notabilities. The second would be composed of literary men, such as doctors of law and medicine, the upper employe's of the government, members of the academics, and professors of the universities. One member of the commission proposed that the judicial discussions should be public, but this reform was considered by the others as premature ST O RMS IS TIIE MEDITERRANEAN.—A letter from Gen°a, of the 14th, says "The night before , last was marked by some must deplorable events, both in the poet and along the coast. At four hi the afternoon the com mander of the port, having remarked that the barometer was below " tempest," and that the wind, which was right north, had veered to south-west, advised the vessels in the basin to seek a safer anchorage. The salutary ads ice had sc a rcely been given when the squall came on with tremen dous fury. Waves of a terrible dimension swept over the great and little Moto, leaping over the walls and entering even some of the streets. A whirlwind, which came sea wards, struck the vessels ranged side by side inside the port dashing them violently against each other, damaging same of them considerably. Three vessels dragging their anchor' were lost ; one, a Greek trader, was literally dashed to pieces, and three men perished. A Sardinian three master, belonging to the house of Rem, got among the breakers, but the crew escaped. A Sardinian schooner was dashed up against a frigate, but the crew at aped by clinging to the tackle of the frigate. The schooner was driven on the rocks of St. Laxare and went to picot - is—lL R.H. Admiral l'rince de Carignan directed the means of safety in per son. Large fires were made by his directions on the dangerous points; the authorities end the sailors acted most no:6'y. Au immense crowd assembled ou the quays looked on in horrified wonder. The steamer Dante ran the greatest risks in the port. It was only by keeping up all her steam that she was enabled to weather the tempest. The Telemaque mail-steamer, for the Levant, coming from Marseilles, put in fur sheltie, and left the fol lowing day for Leghorn. Numerous vessels went down along the coast ; thirteen lives were lost; and the extent of damage done is immense. The tempest had all the features of what sailors term a " sea-quake." STEAM NAVIGATION AMONG THE SHORES OFITALY. —The Capri and the Vesuvio are new steam-vessels, lately built in the Thames, for the navigation of the Mediterranean, and both are remarkable examples of what British art and science can accomplish. They arc the property of the Nea politan Steam Navigation Company, end are intended to run between Marseilles and Malta, calling at Genoa, Leghorn, Civita Vecchia, Naples, Msasina, and Syracuse., ni con nexion with the Mongibello. Ercolano, iii.d Maria Christina, which vessels have been well known for several ycars to all the English tourists as the best appointed in the Mediter ranean. One of them leaves Marseilles and another Malta every week, and they stay one nay at each of the inter mediate parts, giving the passengers an opportunity of see ing them, as well as insecting the classic shares of Italy, and at the same time enjoying all the comforts and luxuries which the best hotel can afford. The Capri and Vesuvio are built of iron, by Ditchburn and Mare; they are 180 feet long, 600 tons, and 220-horse power; the e..gmes, double cyiiader, are by Maudslsy and Field ; and the speed of these vessels, 174 miles per hour, is beyond anything which had hitherto been accomplished. The Vesuvio went from Fel -mouth to Naples in seven days and IS hours, which is a less time than the journey by land from Calais to Naples can be performed; a passenger who went out with her remained four days at Naples, one day at Marseilles. and was in Lon don on the twentieth day from his leaving Falmouth, which WO believe unparalleled in the annals of travelling. These yowls have sleeping accommodation for 180 passengers, and am fitted up in the most elegant and commodious manner. The saloon resembles a drawing-room more than a cabin on ship-board; the panels arc of maple wood, and the mould ings arc all carved in mahogany ; the sofas are covered with crimson-figured velvet • the other furniture is maple and mahogany. This superbi apartment is used solely as a +rale d manger. There are tee ladies' cabins, and a sleeping cabin for gentlemen, fitted up in an equally elegant manner. Some idea of the style in which these vessels are appainted may be formed from knowing that each of them his five hundred pounds' worth of plate. These vessels have been built and fitted up under the superintendence of Mr. Virgil Boni, the agent of the company, who superintended also the Mongibello and Ercolano, and who his been engaged in the Mediterranean Steam Navigation, since its introduc- tion in 1825. GIACOMO TOMMASINL—It is with regret that we have to announce the death of this celebrated man, whose loss is deplored by all men of science in Europe. Giacomo Tommasini, the leader of the counter-irritants sys tem, died at Parma, on the 26th of November last, at the age of sixty-eight 3 care. Apart from his medic-11 attainments, Tommasini acted a conspicuous part is the administration of his country. When Parma fell to France he was one of the twelve representatives of that capital, and was latterly secretary-general of the prefecture of the department of the Turo. At various times he was delegated by his fellow-Citizens to treat on delicate matters with Napoleon, and always succeeded to their satisfaction. The Emperor wished hint to join the corps-legislati f, when the fall of the empire rendered him bark to his rcientific pursuits. In 1816, he was called to till the chair of medical professor at Bologna, where he remained fourteen years. On his return to Puma, Marie Louise named him her private physician, and placed him at the head of the sciences in the grand-duchy. Tommasini attended Queen Caroline, and gave his evidence at her ts-i.. 1 before the Court of Peers. He was received with great honours in England, especially at Oxford. His works have been translated into most of the modern languages. A few months previous to his death, he published a work on in termittent fevers, which attracted, and still attracts, great attention in England. He was attended to his grave by all the notabilities of Parma, and his coffin was born by the students of the university. GERMANY.—The consequences attending the act of the incorporation of Cracow begin to cause great anxiety to the secondary states of Germany. The rept esentativc of Saxony will, it is said, at the coming session of the German Diet, which meets in January, bring forward the question of the incorporation. The King of Saxony is far from being satisfied with this violation of the treaties of 1515, as he fears that Prussia may, at some fusure day, feel inclined to seize his dominions, which are guaranteed to him by the same treaties. The other reigning houses of Germany will pro bably side with the King of Saxony. The German journals contain daily long articles on the incorporation of Cracow, but their comments, written in a German spirit, contain no new fact, and are devoid of into. rest to the English reader. We quote the following from a long article in the Aug:Juni Gazette of the 15th, headed " From the Rhine :" "The first anger of the French journals, excited by the incor poration of Cracow, has gone off in smoke ; but it must not be supposed, that the event is forgotten. It is natural 1 enough that the French and English were vexe d at the tam things had taken, without their ce-operation ; but how can we explain the painful feeling which has manifested itself in Germany on the act of incorporation ? This act cannot be compared to the full of Warsaw. A nation fell with War saw, whilst the fall of Cracow is but a shadow of a state, from the very onset incapable of asserting its independence; passing away from the mass. More ridiculous still would it be to compare the incorporation of Cracow to the par tition of Poland. Cracow has not such claims on pub lic feeling in Germany. Or is it the form in which the suppression has taken place that has hurt the maternal feeling ? This is a delicate point. Nevertheless, we can not conceive why the measure excited such discontent in Germany, for the treaties of Vienna had often been violated in vital points to the detriment of Germany with out the latter having ever remarked it. Certain personages have eve% expressed their satisfaction that the German powers had taken a bold political step without paying atten tion to the will of France or of England. But it is known that in this circumstance Prussia and Austria ceded to neces sity. rather than acted spontaneously. Austria had the choice of taking Cracow herself, or leaving it to Russia. Austria has raised herself a host of enemies by the incorpo ration of Cracow. The commerce of Silesia will suffer gnatly. The responsibility of the act will fall on Au-tria and Prussia, Russia has nothing to fear as long as Austria and Prussia stand between her -and the other powers ; the serious point in this affair is, that Germany was made to bow to a foreign policy." A letter front Cracow, dated the 4th, says, that although tranquillity prevails, collisions have taken place between the citizens and the military, and the severe mea earn taken by the governor have alone prevented serious disturbances. No one comes to Cracow for pleasure or cu riosity, but only if obliged to do so from urgent business, as the annoyances strangers are subjected to are extreme. Woe to the man whose passport is not in order. It is said that the letters are opened at the post-otiice. Our commerce with Prussia is brisk notwithstanding the severity . manifested. Th • commerce with Russia has been decreasing since the incorporation. The garrison at Podgorge is to be reinforced as some movement among the nobles is feared, and the peasants are far from tranquil. A letter of the 12th says we hare now been ir.corporated a month with Galicia, s s I yet we are as if scparated from that unfortunate cauntryi I a wall of bronze. The nobles of Galicia who wish to proem to Cracow have all sorts of annoyances to suffer regarding their passports, &c. A letter from Hamburg says that the senate of that city has prohibited the booksellers from selling or pub fishing any work hostile to Austria, especially the works of M. Chuselka, which severely criticise the Austrian govern ment, and this under the penalty of a fine of 20 rix-dollars. This measure was taken at the request of Baron Pretis, Austrian Consul-General at Hamburg, who notified that if his request was not complied with, he should leave the city, as was done same time previously by the Austrian residing minister at Hamburg, Baron Rarsersfeld, who, it may be raid en pa3sane, has not hem replaced. Baron Pretis at the same time demanded the expulsion of 14. Chuselka front the territory of Hamburg, as also that of M. Rouge, who has formed a German Catholic Satiety at Hamburg. But this socond demand was rejected in the senate by a large mai .city. SUICIDE OF M. F. SCTIILLER, OF BRESI.At.7.—We mentioned a few days since that M. Schirer, of Breslau, had stopped his payments, leaving a deficit to the amount of SOO,OOO dollars. A few days since, a well-dressed gentleman entered one of the warm bath establishments at Dresden. As he remained an uunsual length of time • the door was opened, and he was found to have opened the veins in his arms and legs. He was immediately transported to the hos pital, but no hopes are entertained of his recovery. He has the Governor's terms, they had now nothing to expect but war. The conference then broke up, the Kutfirs retiring to the Axastola mountains (from whence they had come in an orderly manner. alacomo, it is suppoind, will yet submit, and accept the terms offered him, in which case the confe• deracy existing between the Oaika chiefs will be materially weakened, if not entirely broken up, he being Yea:weed by the rest as their principal head. Amongst the guns in the possession of the Babes assembled on this occasion we un derstand several of the Cape Corps double-barrelled guns were noticed, and several of them were mounted on Cape Corps horses. One Keflir was wrapped in a cloak belonging to the Cape Corps. Reports say that the Kaffirs are suffer ing very much from dysentery. NEW SOUTH WALES.—We are indebted to a correspondent for the foll ? wiei eueenr;: ~e tice at no state of the cobby .:," ...", 'sae wad of August, which em braces sonic points overlooked in the accounts received throegh our usual channel :—" Advice' to the 23rd August announce that very beneficial rains had fallen, and put auend to the long-prevailing drought. It had been as severe as any that had ever previously occurred, and great privations were suffered by the stock in particular districts. Owing to it, provisions of meet kinds had advanced in price in Sydney ; but a very short period of wet weather served to effect considerable alterations, and beef and mutton were only 2d. per lb. Bread! is quoted 4d. the two-pound loaf. Sugar, moist, 3d. per lb. ; refined, ad. per lb. Tea, for household use, 2s. per lb. The settlers were able to get gond prices for fat sheep ...aid cattle, and, notwithstanding some losses by the absence of rain, were generally in prosperous condition, and,', being again on the verge of the sheep/hearing season, had fair prospecta of adding materially to their resources. The higher rates that prevailed for the animals caused a cessation of " boiling down," so that there would be much less tallow to export than in past season.. The price of sheep, with stations given in, was—from Bs. to 10s. per head, and but for the increasing want of labour more capital would be in vested in the pursuit of grazing. Labourers' wages were rising, and experienced men were with difficulty to bo obtained. The rates given varied from 181. to 2.31. per annum, together ' with ample rations of provisions (tub. meat, 91b. flour, 21b. sugar, ilb. tea per week), and a cottage for re-idenee so that or agricultural labourers the prospects are gaod. Great hope was entertained that the imperial government would devise some general system of emigration soss to confer abysm both on the abundant population of ties mother country and on the colony. S!r Charles Fitzroy had entered upon his office, but ne public mea.sures bad yet come on the t apiis. Mercantile matters were not over brisk, but goods would be taken to larger extent in the wool season. The Commer cial Banking Company, at a meeting of shareholders, de clared a dividend of 5 per cent. for the half-year (or 10 per cent, per annum). The lute Governor, Sir George Giprs and family, have arrived in England. '{fit Court. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The unfavourable state of the weather preventsd her Majesty and Prince Albert leaving the Castle this morning. Lord and Lady J. Russell and the Ilon. Miss Lister took their departure from tho Castle and returned to town to-day. Their R.H.H. the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and H. S. H. Prince Frederic of Hesse honoured the perform ance of the French plajs with their presence yesterday evening. The Duke of Cambridge visited H. R. H. the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday, at Gloucester house. On Monday and Tuesday lust her Majesty's royal bounty was di,tributed to upwards of 1,000 poor and aged persons, each receiving a crown, according to aucieat usage a t this nelercent season of the year. Upon this occasion the applications for relief wire more than usually numerous, and the venerable Archbishop of York, assisted by the Sub- Almoner, the Rev. Dr. Jeif, extended the bounty to meet the exigency. The distributions were made by Joseph Hanby, his grace's Secretary and Yeoman of Her Majesty's Almonry in ordinary. - - -• Despatches were sent off last evening, from the Colonial-office, for the Governor of Sierra Leone. Earl Grey left town yesterday for Buwood Park, Wilts, on a visit to the Marquis of Lansdowne. In the afternoon Lord and Lady John Russell left town for Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, on a visit to the Duke of Bedford. The Right Hon. E. Strutt left town yesterday for the holidays. CLOSE OF THE ELECTIONS. THE WARDMOTEn. The various city wardmotes held during the past three days fur the election of common councilmen closed yesterday. The proceedings at some of the meetings pos sessed little general interest, while others were somewhat exciting. A summary of the proceedings in each of the contested districts, with the result of the elections is sub joined. The new candidates are distinguished by an asterisk. BASSISHAW.—(Four members.)—ln this ward the poll finally closed in favour of Messrs. Wilson, Britten (Deputy), Lister, and James. A vote of thanks having been passed to Mr. Alderman Farneomb, the wardmote broke up BILLINGSGATE (14).—The poll closed here at 4 o'clock, in favour of Messrs. Williams, Phillips, Roberts, Bower, Cur ling (Deputy), Barnes, Knill, and Old. BISHOPSGATE (14).—At 3 o'clock the poll was declared, ' and the following gentlemen were elected :—Messrs. Pea cock (Deputy), *Owden, Stevens (Deputy), Carr, Johnson, Ashby, Hall, Bennett, Jones, Pitcher, Patten, Thomas, Sharland, Tozer. CRIPPLEGATE (8). —At the close of the poll yesterday, Mews. Smith (Deputy), bole, Brown, Dewar, Cash, Brass, Bcnnoch, and Lart, were declared duly elected, and were sworn in as the common councilmen of the ward for the ensuing year. Mr. Beaton, proposed a resolution to the effect, "that this wardmote being of opinion that the recent collision between the Court of Aldermen and the Court of Common Council prevents any useful measure of corporate reform emanating from those bodies , they re commend that application be made to parliament for such a reform of the corporation as shall secure to the citizens their just rights and privileges," which was carried unanimously. The some gentleman then moved that Lied John Russell, being one of the mem bers for the city, and having been the first promoter of cor porate reform for the various cities and towns in England and Wales, the alderman be requested to convey to his lord ship the foregoing opinion, and urge upon him the propriety of proposing to parliament same measure of reform for the corporation of London, which, while it should not deteriorate . '-om or prejudice any of the popular rights and privileges +ow existing, shall give to the citizens an extension of the elective franchise. During the discussion which followed, Alderman Challis objected that the resolution as worded would tez suicidal to the corporation, as it would give to the gretrurnent an opportunity of taking the city funds, and devoting them to objects different to those fur which they were raised, while, by unity of purpose and action between the aldermen and common council, a comprehensive and useful plan of reform might be prepared without any such risk. Finally, the resolution was carried, minus the words which called upon the alderman to convey to, and urge upon his lordship, the views of the wardmote in this respect. BILOAD-S MEET wardmote closed at three o'clock. The members elec'ed were:—Messrs. Corney (deputy), Jupp, Gadsden, Baker, Marriott, Foster. Wartoh, aCusterton. CORDWAINEns' (6).—The polling for Common Councilmen was yesterday resumed, which was closed at three o'clock, when Alderman Wood declared the successful candidates to be:—Messrs. W. Muddell (deputy), T. Joyce, W. Croucher, T. Lott, H. L. Taylor, J. Jolliffe. Alderman Wood said he felt grateful to that. Divine Providence that had enabled him to meet them again, which he did with heartfelt satisfaction, and assured them ire still felt a glowing interest in the wel fare of the ward and of the citizens at large. There were events in the life of public men, and they must be thin skinned indeed who could not stand up against them. There were, he regretted, slanders founded on falsehood, based in malice, and confirmed by means of the public press, in existence against himself. In conclusion, he trusted he should meet them again next year, when the storms of poli tical conflict would be bushed, and the two bodies would be reconciled in the bonds of ami•.y and peace. C PPLEG ATE WITHOUT (8). The polled closed at 1 o'clock. The members elected were: R. L. Jones, Dixon (Dep.), Meailway, Sadler, Eldrid, Johnson, Gilbert, Read. F AHILINGDON WITHIN (14).—The poll closed at 6 o'clock. The successful candidates were: Messrs. Holt, Eagleton (Dep.), flay ward (Dep.), Rutter, Ridley, Ashurst, Barmy, Virtue, 11•Lauchlan,* Morris, Phillips, Blake, Hartley, and *Humphries. This ward has distinguished itself by electing a gentleman of the Jewish persuasion, the first who was ever returned to serve the office of common council man. We allude to Mr. Phillip:, of Newgatastreet. I AD.RINODUN WITHOUT (16).—The election for common councilmen for this ward closed yesterday, when Messrs. Prendergast, Anderton, Isherwood, Obbard, Burn, Elkins, Bedford, Barnard, Lynch, Williams, Taylor, Buekmaster, Harding, Walter, Liss, and Turner, were declared duly elected. Mr. Seely demanded a scrutiny on behalf of Mr. Hodgson, and the point was reserved by the alderman. At the close of the election, Mr. Bacon, an elector, proposed a series of resolutions, pledging the common council to resist to the utmost the attempts of the court of aldermen to coerce the other branches of the corporation, and also to take imme diate steps to procure corporate reform.—Mr. Galloway pro p wed an amendment, recommending a petition to parlia ment as the only method of effecting the above objects. After a long and exceedingly stormy discussion, the motion and amendment were withdrawn, and another resolution embodying the spirit of both was moved by Mr. Carpenter, and carried unanimously. Lit:coot:raw returns eight members, whose names are Dixon,Unwin, Howard, Snelling, Frodsham, Gibson, Shaw, and Miller. PORTSOHEN (8) —The poll closed at four o'clock. The following candidates were declared duty elected: Wright (dep.), Parker, Christie, Killby, Jutsum, Hayward, Thom son, and Danford. All these gentlemen returned thanks, and spoke at length on the subject of the City wur:are.—Mr. Vile, a defeated candidate, in returning thanks to his sup porters, took occasion to remark, some objection having been taken to his eligibility for the office to which he aspired, that he had always paid twenty shillings in the pound, which was, he believed, more than some of the members of the Common Council could ray. LONDON AND NORTII WESTERN RAILWAY.— The express train which lett Manchester at 4.55 p.m. yesterday, was detained nearly two hours at a short distance beyond the Perry-bar station, uud about two miles from Birmingham, in consequence of the breakage of one of the front wheels of the engine " Prince Albert," render ing it impossible to proceed. No other injury resulted than a great delay. The train did not reach the Euston-square station till half-past two o'clock—three hours and ft-Itall beyond its time. METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION I. OR IMPROVING THE DWELLINGS OP THY , . INDUSTRIOUS POOIL—The first annual mccting of the directors and shareholders of this association took place yesterday, at their offices Colem chairan street, J. W. Tuttle , Esq. , de p ut y chairman, in the , for the purpose of receiving the second report of the directors, and filling up certain vacancies in the direction. It appeared by the report read by the secretary, that the certificate re quired by the charter had been made to the Board yearde, tnat one-fourth of the capital had been subscri for, namely, 1,155 shares, amounting to 28,6751., a ot nd t he had he de posits said ; and, consequently, that the Board Tre authorised the association to cozetneuC@ operations. A ve':"e groan,: :12. Upon by the dirocior; from the Brewers' Company for 99 years, at 901. n year, on the Old Pancras-road, between King's-cross and Camden tome, which was con-Adored a suitable place for the erec tion of the tint model houses, which were to consist of 21 houses of two rooms each, and9o houses of three rooms each, all to be fitted up with every accommodation for comfort, cleanliness, ventilation, and warmth, at rents varying from 3s. to 6s. 61. per week, the cost of water and window-tax to be defrayed by the association. Tfr:re would be every accemmodatiou for washing, with drying ground and all other conveniences necessary to health, hie:tiling cess pools, drainage, &c. The sum received on deposits, and one call that had been made, was nearly 8,0001., of which about 2,0001. had been expended in procuriag the charter, law expenses, advertisements, rent of office., &e. ; leaving in baud over 5,0001., together with 20,0001. due on the shares allotted. The contract for the building had te en agreed upon, and operations would commence as soon as the provisions of the building act were fully complied with by the sanction of the referee; and it was ex pected that the houses would be tenanted before the end of the approaching year. The houses have to be also fitted up with m.at-safcs, sculleries, ovens, soil all cooking conveniences, while at the same time the whole would ba kept within an amount of cost that was fully ex pected to leave an ample remuneration to the shareholders. The report was very favourably received ; and, on the motion of the Earl of Radnor, was agreed to, and ordered to be printed and circulated amongst the shareholders. Three new directors, of whom the Earl of Rainer was one, were then elected, and one of the auditors, who went out by rotation, was re-elected. After which, thanks were voted to the chair man and directors, and the meeting separated. ST. THOMAS CHARTERIIOCSE DISTRICT SCHOOLS. —The new schools recently erected on each side of St. Thomas's Church, in Goswell-street, were opened yesterday, in the presencce of a numerous and respectable meeting, by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, assisted by Mr. sheriff Kennard, the 11.,v. Mr. Rogers, the 11ev. Mr. Rickman, Mr. Greig, &e. tic. After a prayer and a brief opcniog address, in which the Lord Mayor expressed his gratification at being present on the occasion, and his anxious desire to see the cause of education promoted, the secretary read a report; it stated that the large district of St. Luke's parish, which is attached to St. Thomas Charterhouse in the neigh bourhood of Golden-lane and Whitecrostestreet, contained a population of 8,600 inhabitants, and was at present unpro vided with proper school accommodation for the education of the poor. To obviate this evil, a bite of ground had been procured adjoining the church in Goswell-street, upon which the two school-room+ were now built, and which were capable of containing 700 children. The estimated cost of the building and fitting was about 1,5091., toward: which a bum of 9001. had been contributed. The report concluded with an earnest appeal to the benevolence of the meeting, and to the friends of the cause of education, to enable the committee properly to carry out their plans. Appropriate addresses were made by gentlemen present, and the meeting broke up at five o'clock ; the committee and their friends dining together afterwards at the Albion Tavern. CHURCH RATES.—Respected Friends,—l will be obliged by the insertion of the following particulars in the next number of your paper:— Seizure at Gisborougu, Yorkshire, for Church Rates, the Ilth of this month. The demand for one year's rate was £o 1 51 Expenses of wm rant, constable, appraLsement, and auctioneer . fl G Gf For which eight ortkles were taken worth £3 5 6 Sold by auction for only Goods were token GU the 11th of this month, both from my migh. bout, licorge Fletcher, nod myself.—A. C., tAshorougli, 21st of 12th month. Respected Friends, --I shall feel obliged by the insertion of the affixed in the next number of your paper.—l am, respectfully, GEO. FLETCHER : Seizure at GisbJrough for church rates : Amount of claim on Fletcher. CO 3 4 Expenrro of wArrao:, constable, apyraisement, auctioneer, &c. Goods seized (30 stone flour) 8 told for 2 5 5 liborough, Yorkshire, 21st of 12th month. gl 8 01 SANITORY AFFAlRS.—Sir,—Being in the habit of reading your journal every day, and having been gratified by your spirited support of the measures for sanitary improvement, and your approval of the labours of the " Health of Torras Association," I cer tainly did not expect to se.. you stile that the " Town Council or Liverpool had honourably distinguished itself by being the first to organic a regular staff, under the Sanitary Act, which emus into operation on the Ist of January next. On Monday the appointments cot surveyor and medical officer took place. The salary of the forme: officer, after ionic discussion us to whether it should not b.. 1,0001. a year, was fized at lied, per annum, and that of the medical otli er at 3001. a year, in addition to which he will be allowed private practice. The Town Council agreed to advertise for competent persons." Surely, sir, when you lauded the council for these acts, you could not for one moment have considered the nature of the two of :I do nut mean to infer that the surveyor would be overpaid : far froin it : it is a vet y muderate remuneration for his services; but what in com parison ate the required cervices of tho medical officer? What does the report of the arsociation say, which you have approved of, and therefore I presume yon have made yourself acquainted with ? It savet,—he is to " direct his undividel attention to his dutes that he shall be properly qualified to inspect and report periodically upon the monitory condition of the town or district, to ascertain the tree causes of disease and death, more especially of epidemics ;" he is " to he pee sessel of skill and experieace ; and to 'mint out the existence of any ' nuisances or other local causes of disease ; to take eognisanoe of ant contagious disease, and to point out the most efficacious modes f checking or preventing the spread of sta.l diiiean ; to point out the most efficient means for the ventilation of churches, chapels, schools, registered lodging-houses, and other public edifices within the said town or district; and to perform any other duties of a like nature which may be required of him. That at the order of the coroner er the district he shall attend any inquest and direct the post morters ex mine ion of any body, with or without analysis of the contents of the stomach and intestines, without fee or reward. That his funda mental duties will be the verification of the fact as well as the cause of death, the correct registration of both, and the personal examination on the spat of the sanitory circumstances under which death talcs place." I have enumerated some of the duties of the medical °dime, who "is to be chce-en from the highest rank of his profession, and selected on a w e i c . ..u in nt u.. u t f hivirat,triedacl..kunoi takes pu iirid ,,, tiz ,i e t i th iii ( ut ti n o ce v, Ln o se r i th en e ee lo , w t t d persons w he ne ver death The station and education of the officer of health would be a sufficient security that his professional visit could not afford annoyance to the higher classes, and to the pour his raise:on would be one purely of benevolence. I wet not occupy more of your vulnabte time with his duties, having, I think, shown that they are much more important than those of the surveyor, and that if the sur veyor be allowed thig, the medical of fi cer should have at least 1,0001 . I think it extremely doubtful vi hither one medieal officer could per form all the duties required in so large a tuwn Liv with a population of 22 1,004. souls, and that population ackno=sl to be the mist unhealthy and short-lived in Englund, the deaths averaging more than 3 per cent, and the average of life not exceeding 19 years. It is iansiwible nut to see the great sunesuttof labour id the individual who shall undertake the ottkx., and that to attempt to perform the duties and to bare private practice is quite impessiLle ; one or the other must be neglected o r imperfectly performs( ; and it is human nature to look to private interest first. Sir, lam the more anxious to point out the inadequate salary prop, as the example of such a I I L iege , t ich, and important town as Liverpool is likely to influence other towns and corporations in their estimate of the value of the two offices, and I hope that no gentleman, possessed of all acquirements to lid the important station, will lie found to a cept of so moan and con temptible a salary.-1 out, with much respect, yours, A Costra:er Ream:B.—Dec. 18. POST-OFFICE, CHRIST3IAS-DAY.—Yesterday, notice was given by It. Smith, Esq., the superintending president, that, agreeably to annual custom, there will be no delivery of letters on the afternoon of Christmas-day. But letters for the General, Post and foreign mails will be collected from the receiving-houses and forwarded in the afternoon, as usual. SUSPENSION OF THE NAVIGATION LAWS AS REGARDS oItAIN-LADEN I/Lass:La.—At a time when the government of this country arc preparing a " cluster" of measures for the relief of Ireland, which will impose a severe pressure upsn England,—when the condition of Ireland is creating such an unusual drain upon the food-resources of England,— when other serious causes, in addition to dearth and high price of food, seriously threaten the prospects of our great nianufacturing districts,—it surely becomes the special duty of the government to leave nothing undone which can in any degree modify the severity of the complication of diffi culties by which we are surrounded. Upon the general merits of the navigation laws we do not at present express any opinion; the Rucstion is one of great difficulty, and so complicated With important political considerations, as to demand the most serious attention before a sound decision can be formed upon it ; but to a temporary suspension of those laws, so far as regards vessels loaded with grain, there cannot, as it seems to us, be any valid objection.—Manchcs ter Guardian. THE DISTRICT POST-OFFICES.—Sir : In November last, a notice was issued from the General Post-office, of which the following are extracts ; " By command of the Postmaster- General.—Notice to the Yuhlic. General Post aziffice, No vember, 1846.—0 n and after the sth day of December next, the collections from the London Receiving-houses will be mode at 4i minutes past seven o'clock in the morning, in stead of 8 o'clock, as at present ;" and it is added, at the conclusion, " that this change has become necessary to en sure the dispatch of the whole of the letters and newspapers by the ntorniny smile, from the General POSI•OftiCe." Now, sir, I am iii the daily habit of posting copies of your journal, as well as others, at the Receiving-house in Fleet-street, and they arc invariably pasted before the time above specified. Yet my correspondents complain of the late arrivals of such papers at their destination. They must, there fore, from some cause or other, be detained. The " Notice to the Public" to which I have alluded, would lead any person to canclude that, if letters and newspapers were posted only one minute before the forty-five minutes oes mrecoernhiinngg'.shmowaile.. have e tt n li s o t w: , e ,e ve i r o , n d s past FCYCII, they would. be in time to be despatched by that to t n h eb o l ro l.ys t e w s' ss en iele to all b° ne t w h s- e case. I have been credibly informed that the people at the papers that are not posted before scren o'clock, as being too Into. If such be the fact, in the face of the " Notice to the pudic" referred to, it can only be considered " a mockery and delusion." Will there never be an end to the irregulari ties and mismanagement of the Post-office ?—A NEWS VEND/Ill.—Dec. 23. eeir Saturdayacnaud,tcauses hs thanvt wasr y twdhe, ..ea D attdh :-. keie destitute. begins teI:I registered 1,262, of which 39 were caused by violence. The severe young, on the sickly and the intinn—on the houseless and o agt th violence, was 1,223 ; it was 1,123 the week before, tm T ee i i n ' lti rather F weekTo fearfullyßf METROPOLIS.—The n O a L hi o l nen S g: —The number of and the week before that, 1,023. It had increased, therefore, o ne sixth cithiu a fortnight. But the number of deaths in th e week ending Dec. d, was itself 145 above the average e t the month of October, and . 23 above the average of fi e . au t u mns. There is a great increase of deaths, 010,1 04 212 above the average of five autumns, which arises pria e i : pally from diseases of the lungs, and other organs of respi re , tiun. PUNCH'S PLUM-PUDDING.—Edge (Golden) from bird, the property of Mother Goose; with the Egg of a Phenix—tire only one ever laid—taken from a nest of Cis. uamcn-sticks, and found in a Nutmeg Tree, in Arabia Fehr. Beat well in a erystel bowl with Suet from the Ten f housan . i'ziae Oxen - r of r auenel Ly order Cr.""“* . taszro, for Christmas Faze in all t h e unions. Chop with the Sword of Justice. Flour gr ou d from wheat grown in every corner of the world, p7esente4 by . Ceres, the Goddess of Free Trade. Brandy, benignly winked at (" on this occasion only") by Fifth' r Mathew • Lemon l'eel from the Gardens of the Hesperides. from Valencia, and packed in liquidated Spanish Bonds, Jamaica Pepper freely contributed by free Negroes ( a u grateful and enlightcaed readers of l'unch).—Salt seat to Punch by the East India Company, so a sample of the on. taxed material henceforth to be enjoyed by the Ryots of Hindostan.—Currants (from Zante), the gift of King OA ° and—to use his Majesty's own words—" as a small, but sincere acknowledgment of the Constitutional Wisdom de rived by him from the pages of Pu.vh."—Spices that will embalm wit and good humour for ages.—Milk—of hum in kindnuss ; get it where you can—and, when got, make the most of it.—.Pundt. VICTORIA PARK AP PROACHES.—A meeting of inhabitants was yesterday held iu the committee-room, Hackney, to memorialise the Comminsiunces of Woods and Forests to make an approach to the Victoria Park from the high-road of that parish. CAUTION TO PERSONS PURCHASING Jewel-LEM —Not only the public, but the whale of the jewellery t ric k , will do well to be upon their guard when purchasing art i cle , of jewellery set with brilliants., as a great numl'er of imit a . tiou ones, of a very novel and ingenious cohattuetioi, a re now in England, and offered for sale. So well is the deception managed that many competent judge* have not been able to distinguish the deception. It is generally known that in jewellery set with brilliants, the moue is from twenty to thirty times more saleable than the god and workmanship, which, therefore, are always of the best dr. scription. Su it is with these imitations. The superio r quality of the gold, and exquisite workmanship, warrant an ordinary judge an coming to the conclusion that it would not have been wasted on anything but a real utone. The stones aro what are termed doublets, that is, h alf diamond and half paste, and are never set transpla nt. Theme imitations are mado In the following menial: A rose diamond (which is but half the thickness of a brilliant, and has a flat bottom to it) is taken, and the pointed top polished, forming the table top alvraye on brilliants; a bate or bottom is then cut out of paste to fit it, and is placed, cone downwarda, into the caamber intended fur its reception This has a flat top, the entire circumference of the diamond, and forms the other half, or that part of the brilliant which lies beneath the setting ; the flat back of the diamond then laid upon it, and the settings firmly burnished over. It is impossible to detect the deception until the stone is anset, and then the imitation back becomes impart:ie. The diamond being uppermost, it will cut glass and nand the usual test of a brilliant, whilst the silver foil teed beeeath the paste, being tinted, makes it appear like a jewel of the first water. It is calculated, that upwards of fialf, per c en t, prafit will be realized by the talc of them. ROBBERY AT MESSRS. ROGERS AND CO:S.- 1 A Btu, 'trent/zit:D. —An acceptance, forming put o f r e, property stolen from Messrs. Heger' and Co. for the re. covery of which se many efforts have been made, and sari large rewards offend, was returned yesterday to the sc. ceptors, Messrs. Batty, Melville, and Co., wlelesale sta tioners, Alelerogate-street. It was contained in a letter, the writer of which stated the affair would never be traced, and the bill being of no use to him, he returned it to its owuers. This is the second of the stolen documents which has lately been renamed, evideatly by the same party. The %mate of both the I,.,:ters in which the securities were emeloped it similar, and ink of the game colour. The ortheerapby, also, is equally defective. So far as we can learn, no else to the recovery of the stolen property is afforded by thew letters. INQUESTS, YESTERDAT.—THE RECENT SUICIDE AND MURDER AT LAMBETII.—By Mr. Win. Carter, coroner, at the Hero of Waterloo,Waterloo-road, lageheth,on the bodies of Hannah Heed, azed thirty, and William Reed, seed eleven months, found drowned on Monthy foremen. he jury having viewed the bodies, Richard Piseje, alga of 17, deposed to having discovered the, bodies a". prelim* described in our journal. Frederick Anderson described the manner in which the child was tied round the woona's waist, as already described in our journal. He had their ceased removed to the vaults of St. John's Church. dm Jones, of 39, New-street, Webber-street, Laraleth, had known the deceased about fifteen mouths. She had been living in the same room with witness during the List three mouths. Site had no male protector, but had been Tenn. taned by witness as well as she could afford. Dem .ed bad no means of supporting her-elf and child, but she teeivoi Is. 6.1. per week from St. Dunstan's pariah. Witesi saw the deceased alive last on Thursday evening. 611: mod oat at seven o'clock, saying at the time that she am glee te meet the father of her child, and she did nat. return. Bed made inquiries after her. lier husband went to de- ceased's brother, in Wildennss-lane, but no tidings of her could be gleaned. Deceased had only Is. fel. per week to live upon. She had pledged two gowns for three shillings, and a night-dress for sixpence. She had nettlieg else. ‘ Sh itii e d en ied . nAot month ago, for as h -e a t: i t o h f e f a oo ra d. he S r h s e a hed y, if t u lie dT er Ts e snn as stances did not alter, she would drown herself. Dameal also said, if she did so, she would drown her child air'. Deceased said, " You don't know my feelings." Bad often teen her crying, and believed that she destroyed the life of her child, and also her own life. A letter written by the deceased was identified by witness. It was found in her bat, and was as follows: "I do not wish you to put on a black hat-band for me, as voa hare beensu unkind to me In life. What few r iws I lease behind me, tad my ticket:, let not roar wife bawls, for if she does, may the ritributim of . heaven be upon tier, If Ann thinks tit for to accept of Clem, stir is quite welcome, for her kindness to um and my dear balm He Mc giseth to the poor, lentleth to the ford.' 1 die in pox e with lbw who are my enemies; may heaven forgive them. James, I sow take my tun in band to address a few lines to you fn the l'APt I we tainly find your unkindness to exceed more than what I time mil have thought. You have allowed me to base been driven h with a deur babe at my breast, by a base, wicked woman. VIM have not so much as even inquired about me. I ahoukl have thoucht you would, on accionzt of the dear child, when you profewnl s o meek love, which must have keen deceit. Mark me: the day aid Lac distant when she who claims you a , het husband may and will wants home and bread, as bad as I should, if it had not been for Ann Ad her husband. You have said a great deal about them, but they here cave much guider trends to me thou ever TOII were. lam now about to commit a shed which my very soul shudder at, But I edn,lot live longer as lam now living. Perhaps it wili be pleasing to ye,: to hem of my body sal that of my dear baby being picked up. CI-railer your unkindness and poverty have driven me to the deed. As to roar bore wife, I hope she will feel her cameiiinee prick her when 1 am in the grave. My dear babe will g a to heaven, and I hope the Lard wall forgive me, and take try soil to himself. lam now your unhappy, but when this you receive I shall be no more. I forgive you ad yam iinkindneea." The letter was addressed to her brother James, but was not signed by herself, nor yet dated. .Mary Smi'h, a sister-M -ien of the deceased, said that three months since she heard deceased threaten to destroy herself. She believed her cir cumstances had caused her mind to become impaired. The wife of the brother, to whom tile above letter was addressed, said that she was unable to keep the deceased. She had only one room fur her own family, mid she did nut think it pru dent for another female to sleep in the same apartment. She offered to take the child if it was weaned, and her mother went to service, which she refused. The learned coroner having slimmed up, the jury returned a verdict, "That Hannah Reed had wilfully murdered William need, and destroyed her own life, she being at the time of unsound mind."—DEATH FROM DROWNINO.—ByMr. Baker, atthe Three Colts, Bow, on the body of William Freeman, aged 47 years, who was found in St. George Bucket's Canal, in Old Ford. Deceased was rather embarrassed in his pecuniary affairs, and on Monday, the 23rd of November, left his home. On Sunday last has body was discovered floating in St. George Docket's Canal. Deceased, who had on several occasions threatened to destroy himself, ha left a wife and five children. Verdict, " Found drowned."- - DEATH mom MORTIFICATION OF THE MOUTH.—By Mr. Baker, at the Old Clay Hall, Bo*, on the body of Elisabeth Nll.lll, aged 40 years. Deceased was the wife of a labourer, end of abstemious habits. She was in goad healtham to Friday week, whqn a pimple suddenly formed on her mouth, and put her to great inconvenience. On Sunday she com plained of pains in her head, and her face was swollen. Mr. Baker, a surgeon, then saw her, and prescribed for her, but in vain, mortification had begun, and rapidly Wended, and the woman died on Monday morning, alter enduring great agony. Mr. Baker, who had made a port mortar examination of the body, said the deceased died from effusion on the brain, caused by a mortification of the mouth, which was not traceable to any external injury. There were no symptoms of disease in any pert of the body, sseeld the mouth. lie had before attended patients labouring ane cr mortification of the mouth. The Comer said he had never met with a similar case, although he had held upwards of 15,000 inquests. Verdict in accord ance with the medical testimony. TAKING ARSENIC. —By Mr. Mille, at the raie Cathcart, Munster-street, Regent's-park, on the pal of a young female named Priscilla Hazard. Denwea had left her home, and had been for a coasiderablo ten, living with a journeyman dyer in Munster-square, Pau'l for his wife, though not married. She had quarrelled vnla him, and on Sunday morning took a dose of arseme, fns the effects of which, notwithstanding medical aid , 'be deed in 28 hours. She obtained the arsenic by representing the her room was infested with mice, and she persuaded a friend of the man with whom she lived to accompany her to 11 chemist's, and guarantee that she wanted it for the pall , d'a alleged. Verdict, " Temporary ineanity." THE KICK 01' A HORSE.—AIso by Mr. Mills, at the dime Hospital, on the body of Joseph Seaward, f gs .: On Friday last, same hay Laving fallen front the loft:the one of thu stalls between the legs of the hone, Jocasta. 'at he won went to remove it, when the skirts of a great. 0, nil dr touehiae the anicusl under the flank, it lashed Olt, a ceased received a violent kick front tho hind leg idju e . temple. Ile was removed to that hospital, and died ou Irfe &ghat from the injury. Verdict, " Accidental death." DEATH FROM Can.—By Mr. Bedford, at the Gr.g e ' Carey-street, Lincoln'a•inn-fields, en the body ef Laura, aged 80, cabinet-maker. Deceased was aax7 a vas and about 7 o'clock on the evening of the t his nat., crossing Ilolborn, at the corner of Kiug-strict, when he ound kcal run against by a horse and cab. He fell to the 1.1 the concussion, hut the driver pulled up before the cab; touched him. His left thigh was fractured. lie IT,. moved to King's College ife spited, and died on eat nu" iLLEnifit. last. Verdict, " Accidental death." present er, P. V. Fasts] on, MY.% ,; s4 r., and he chair. "It was ir Y. , Bert] Itesolve , ended prop] chicle thoroi ri,ious of tt cpiro in I tether ter Main loans inta go of 1 ad the pow• rorks ; and ors to CO" rovisions c ten ahead, ivy thoroug avail them ict, as mad hat the app 31 many eas ity of apply a was adopt Labour Rat la the ope w. Mon O'Logh "PI LLi DEFECTS YICATION "lathes c. 100 tent to du "This ac Eke all laad ose of se isanvantai " It was rithin it th 10411 rem Irish gore ertain con A a letter Sit. But codified t Labour-rat idvantageo Son in pro] neli prop tuesstnent hictive wo which roils ductive em our usual co i n u . c t , nc r e r, ?!. we wgre re haelv rinciPu l I winch onec T ItEru h sing lir° ;nee ne oa e u • wilg the } °h° r . a' t t(b °Qub° o i 'Ull u dr m i • ,i dp rr 143‘ i d lh i jU r Saba't i ti u n t il It t e °l°,:et e t eyeiee we re eit°l l: , ‘esl : 'ePt 41 , 4tdc byi :i'refi l :lllt pe ji li Ithatioa a ;oaf , " ed , order of t, ••"11/. hfonse , l . • O'Loghl, " Dublin, i 4 Br-we • ; .. ,r ------ applied ininng Leta in a be tam m Law 1 luation F. nt Reno ',enters ly take tt 16' 41 left Public 'Works . " Thui ouli 13. , and C M. CU bateret tree till 0661 f cisme flefit u this Scant. kachiu< toying hem be the o pr. .CT untry rathc " fai rtitis it illy all lear, rhe TAI L., ft; )ortit.c luctivt from n 'elf fr. Itette