The Express. — London, England, 1859-04-12 00:00:00

AN BANICRUPTCY.—I. the MATTER et thio rwaA , a 1 .1 SAMPAN StSlllll SIIINO c. . . wnsoisa SP —Ts be SULD, PS VATS D ILA .lu = j sj e L2 . l, 121essis. DU . 1ikt . ....... 1 . 11 turf retailing op Ow uuduisi a ISS .140.11111 illairi Ratra 1-1 . 761- Vik 01 Must )11•IrDe plow niksill saner d womb sr woo ISM - ur ....--..-.,.. MlLE.tra• MS' la Os :r WM IS ON YEMEN at W N ne 1:Cal"" L+ Un ild 4 siall•M 'Mt lOW - et •--70 W-0 HAIUMIUKII-XIII 11110DIL-CRAMIR, MILK mid 016.1111. iMpeIiINOL ti...OIIIBIIIIOLD WORDB.—Tlbs molt et IS imprz: 74 l; arzratee =a= ea •• 'COMA ram Os einiappi ul poi NIPS easorew - 1ik.....wil Rai; loam DILAPIATRT %AZT =re* till S Viab Ift 011ilinft mow elf exor.oo. TO COILIIIIIPONDINTIL A...“...neat0 bimodal Ar °Tie lia: sgb.a Li Imams Pere, ono be et as Ofte, lim t Two u*Clech am the hey et pabOarka. upeaaiwr. T.. govt.% EVCSTMOP:zs. „ D. 114xn. C. eselerie•L Itfurai.it iu r m is . .: . e 1144.44 -4 GAVE Or TIOX. Mr. C Jakl• 1111.Lb.ralt. r■. Evasf•ft, 111 N• NililiFtliertres. rt. o. Kam /Lera.—Cesiniene sit LIPSIIII. Tsp. %wow. 101' SECIOLD WORDS A1L44111_11116131 •.111 ■RI~MIIRI.I. Miliff7.••• XIII,. • 31, C. lOW. Air Ihisas—MM ItIIIITAPIII4 Taw nwrinso. 3111111/11 7 .1 2 Twig Tw n! ai siurtstses or stout men OW MAlMLowing ED SU Cibm AN. lin a —ANS M M. irt 11,1011 W A ATIL iriIe& S AT WIDOW WDOL esa Dat- • a 1116..- 4 / 4 •1111a. 11. a NIL LONDON, TUESDAT. APRIL 12 . Stitt 111711.1 have in their wisdom reserved for th• latest aysilable opportunity the rand Dissolvin g view of Foreign Attain which hu been so long in preparatio•, and it is not until Fri* evening next that Mr. DISIALLI will display to the derelict sue. vicars of an expiring Parliament the grand allegory of Mace and War, and the brilliant Laocoontie tableau of NIALIIIIIIIOIT writhing in the serpentine embraces of Austria sad Prance. For the not seresty hours or so the British public mast be esistent with the shreds and patches of contemporary history that come to it through "the " usual chamois of information." It was ever the legitimate province of our rulers to acquaint us very solemnly with what we all know before, to call failures fetalities, and to pro tend that the irreparable could never have Lee■ avoided or foreseen. It is only newspapers fiat pretend to look forward ; statessea, who hays a time to be silent and a time to speak, are rouoa ably silent when everybody else is speaking, and open their lips ally when there is nothing left to soy. We may confiieotly anticipate a st►tement from the mouth of the CIIASCELLot of the Excite. civil on Friday about as impsrtant in its bearings upon actual events as Archbishop WMATIVeII kestoont foe believing that NAPOLEON Bova►aala never existed. It is only too probable that the Ministerial announcement will be somewhat i• the nature of a retrospective review ; not so novel sad aotoelous as tie anomancement of the evacuation of the states of the Caurch by the occupying teem., bet more like the immortal truths wit► which the Duke of MALAKOIT wee taken by storm on the Terrace of Windsor. In truth, events an begtnuug to speak for theuesedves, and who alien say that before many days the staling bow may ant hare snapped, and the challenge have fallen like an arrow of fire between the gathering hosts ? It is high time that the English public should be prepared for a contingency which, as we write, is only not a eertainty. We cannot, at all serum arouse eareelvee of having indulged false hopes, or submitted to be the dupes of diplomatic legerdemaie. We an as fair as possible from desir ing to treat with disrespect negotiations, however tardy and protracted, which are inspired by a sincere sazirty to restore barmosy between two great mili tary Power., without prejodice to the security of treaty rights, sod ea a basis of mutual conciliation and concession. Hot the tact and temper, the die cretion and sagacity with which these negotiations are conducted is a fur subject for searching criticism sad fur our own part we willingly cc pit any Go vernment of England, without reference to per.... or parties, of being guided by lower motives:than • profound solicitude for the priceless blessings of pouf, and a religious sense of the awful reeposei bilitses of 1117. So much foe the moral aspects of the situation en which Mr. Ittsairtt has sadertaken to throw a good of darkness on Friday. Bet its politisal as pect. are **Ober so simple nor so impenonaL When Lord MALIIIIISCRT invited Count Civotti so hold a brief for Italy, he was pro voking, however anwittiegly or unwillingly. the violent aad•streme deeivima to whioh anger sad deepair are hurrying the raters sod the arsaiee of Austria. " Nothing." writes M. Guitar, in referents to the Italian question of BM. " is more imprudent or more redact's* of eniluirrsasenent in great " affairs than se's not sincerely meant, and the " success of which the originators neither desire bee expect. Good appearances without effect are fatal to sound policy, mod futile remedies aggravate the disease they appear intended to este." It wee se false Si it was latile so the part of the Zeglish Plosipotentiaries at the Cooper of Paris is 1866 to invite Count Ctroca to represent the wrongs of Italy in the Council of the Great Powers, sad to orient emphatically to his ansislosious, when the invitation was &banes sereplineat, and the meat as idle and empty protest. Bat what shall we think of MALNIVIIIVIIT if, three yews liter, whom the fruits of dumppoiotarest are ripening to deepwation, he 'gain areu.es bops be daze not appear, and awakens sympathies he seven meant to satisfy ? It i. not improbable, however, that Austria her may r. here us of responsibilities wantonly and weakly sasumv. Emperors and Kaiaers are mortal men. as we ye often reminded; and perhaps the world may have canoe to wish they were nothing more but they are soldiers also, and when their blood is up. why, then pleciauther ArAiei. Big bat talions are a fearful luxury ; and the enthusiasm of , poor dying cattle who are ready to tear their fellow-men to pieces out of dumb loyalty to an Imperial and Apostolical Drover, is a chronic fever in the blood of Europe which my any hour be wrought into a devouring pestilence. Yet this is an appreciable and, so to speak, an acceptable risk. The imminent and even instant danger to the peace of Eirrope just now is one which ►as at least the interest of novelty. It is probably the Bret and more probably the last occasion in history of a great Power trying to raise money in the markets of Europe and, failing in the attempt, rush ing into war instead. At this moment, war u being serenely dies:auto& atVlsous Si a great financial operation. The popular notion of war holds It to be • ruinous and westehd recreation ; sod the soundest economists haws favoured this im pression ; but the new doctrine, which oven an ea lightened tioancier such as M. de Bartle is disposed to adopt, is, that war first sad bankruptcy afterwards is preferable to bank ruptcy without• blood or glory. No doubt with • currency of whitey-brown paper, with no metal in circulation save lead and steel, and extra armaments to the tune of 9.1,0001. a-day, de Bieck may be excused for entering into endows calculations of bow many gallant Croats must be slaughtered for the relief of the "system," and bow long Imperial and Apostolical insolvency can be Waved off by immolating one-half of an enormous army to encourage the other. Besides, aa M. de Marrensicu neatly expressed it many years ago, "Better to be devoured by • lion than mangled by "rats." M. de B•cck is perfectly justified in con 'kitting • Coerces, without a preliminary disarms nest, se no better than a Bankruptcy Court. Un less, therefore, the Powers agree to disarm together, be may deem it eater for Austria, even at the cost of her reputation for gentleness and humanity, to take her principal creditor by the throat, and to draw blood from her own happy family pretty freely into the bargain. Tug true thirsty wildernesses of England are oar large tower, and London above all. Most of us know what the summer thirst of Loudon streets is like, though we do not carry a porter's knot, nor fey ear water, nor do commission business from street to street from ten till four. We can ask for a glass of water at two or three places in the tour.. of • hot morning; yet we know enough of thirst to rejoice that the spirit of larva Score is abroad in oar streets, and that poor Canto's" devil" is likely to be deprived of a good deal of prey by the events of this day. The meeting at Willis'. Rooms, at three o'clock this afternoon, is one that every sort of person may wish well to, and ought to help. The setting up of Drinking Fountains at Liver pool, by Mr. CHARLES P. MELLY, in 1858, wu the beginning of a series of such acts in the large towns of the kingdom. Those who attend the meeting to day will doubtless hear from the chairman, Lord CARL!CLC, or from Lord SHAFTESBURY, or Mr. MZLLY, how many there are, or, at legit, how far the movement has extended. An Association has been formed which is to be inaugurated to-day. It has already erected, and completed for crea tion, several of these fountains ; and it seems pro bable that their efforts will be met half way by the vestries, as in the cue of St. Mary's, Islington, where the vestry have taken on themselves the ply - meet of the water-rate of four fountains, and • portion of the cost of erection, on condition of the rest being done by the Association. A week or two age a congregation of Independent Nonconformists mosestding not far from Kennington-gate were ooa gr•lulatiog themselves upon the confirmation of their relations with au able and amiable pastor, whose sepsration from them had for a time seemed not improbable. The question was asked whether the grateful feelings which had been awakened might not be connected with some act of "goodwill "to men." It was suggested that a drinking-foun tain would be of great service to the many persons who attend the public vehicles in the neighbourhood of the Gate, and instantly 401. were subscribed. The Lambeth Board of Works has linos granted a site and undertaken to provide the water, the congregation undertaking to establish the fountain. More of such spirit as this, and a continuance of the individual beneficence of such men as Mr. GURNEY and Mr. C. P. MILLY will go • long way in checking interims- IWO incur street', cooling fevered tongues, quieting Neel infants, comforting the harassed labourer, and (It ahowld be remembered) lessening the danger from dsge; but a wide-spread movement is required to most the general want. any one remember the demand for water in an infant school, and pity the children is Loodon-streett Let any ono who has lived within the sound of a pump-handle in a pe rilous yard tell how raneh respite the iron arm has in the twenty-four hour,. Let any ore count the en trances and exits to a public-house daring any four or five hour. in the dogdays—particularly ob serving the countenances of the heated customers who tarn in, and the flush on the facets that come out, and he will gain some idea of the factitious in temperance induced by the mere want of the "cup of cold water" which it is a shame that any one in this country should ever pine in vain for. Of course, there are some objectors. There is orating good that may not be abased and there will be, as long as boys are bop, mime who will throw the water about, and lark with it, and render the pavement slippery in frost, and lose time at the fountains. Such troubles have occurred in some Wwns, but such abuse most be controlled by the police in Leaden r and they are a mere trifle, at wont, is comparison with the benefit obtained. THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 12, 11159:,‘ Irbe .Court. The Prince Came rode on horseback yesterday, stiadal by Chadds Da Piet. Her IliejoiSy's dieser party 1.. t evening Isola led the Durham,/ Xast, the Prioress alhe, Dues .at Duchess Barelsash, tho Herl ef *birettas, the Lody Is Weida, is the Harbors et Irak Lady Nosy Howard, Lord Cl.ud itoatileas, Lard Taamars, the Doss of Wladoor sad the Hes. Km Welhadey, sad Me 0. Cooper. The Sea se the dad Lee Gaged. s t..d.d dories &user. The Cbssea's priests burl storadel is the Drarriag• room lir. DlAhog W so bromic/qv with the Rail of Derby pesemedm sties elleial roam* Is Dossieg-etreet. jta, Pima Asbersolor trreartad bluissee yesterday at =rpm orat has the Cokeial•ollios yaterday to Owsentswit Matta aal Ur A soralias Coloaks. Their Royal Highnesses the nachos of Cam bridge ud tr Priamee llary„ accomysaled by Bares Klllsobseb, left Bt. Jammee Palace yeatarday Ix Cambridge Cottage, Key, far saw meas. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester will leave town of Saturday tier Yletboltaa Castle, far the Easier behdiya. The Earl and Countess of Craven and family will leave tows on Saturday far AslulArne Park, Berk., where they steed to day lista after Esker. The Earl and Countess Da La Warr will leave toss oa Friday foe Bookhorst Park, for the Easter holidays._ _ . Tbs FArl and Countess Fitswillisas Mrs lift Grosssuesr-square es • visit to the Doke =4 Dachau a Beaufort, se Badminton, Gloucestershire. _ - - , The Earl and Countess cf Suffolk bay* arrived at Toniess's Isksl. isagravis, from their beat is Wilt hiss. Vimematam Palmerston has issued curd. for an awe* igFISOCTOW imalsg, it Camlxidge noose. Lard and Lady Cesnw . orth will leave town early nut east he their mat, Holwool, Kent. Lord sad Lady C;lthorpe and family will shortly Ism toys for Blveshasa Park, Hants. Lady Rolle has arrived at her resideece in Upper rammor-strut, from }Volpe, Emb r, tst the semen Sir Alexander and Lady Malet bare returned to lnishfott from a visit to Lard and Lady 13rositiara to OW toa-it,set. Sir Charles sad Lady Lamb have arrived at the Clinadon from Besurrt, Battle, Bosom The Rev. Dr. liheweHt aad Lady Affieek have snivel at Clot Vies Hotel from Cambrfige. - . Mr. Cnbdenlene been sailing oa tie Misersipi, H. VN at New Odor at tit dr@ airs ler atertsta TAXATION DI 012718 AND NONOcress. This wonting was los& a :stars of all cities sad borough, is llegbad end Wake 'pubs es maul serest at direct edam (property, isms% S, led seseeeNl) bee than 4,6001., sessesed to the order et the mese Fad by sea, mad eettisi Wit ma moat ; eha Illsdsgaishiss by Italics those aides sad knee* vibe ere Wished in babe ale 0 of the Repromalisa et time People Bill. The het is ss falous 1,2861.; Dartmouth, 1,6471. ; Basile*, 1,6484 ; Nerthellertes, 1,8631.; trusdeli 1,1794 ; Lyme Resin 1,6326. ; ItenaeA, 1,9731.; Sr. Ives, ; lbsiatee, 2,0324; Mow, 2,0661.; Bedsits, 2,4614 ; Xiseresieregigh, %MX ; Ligkeett, 1,6661. ; Thetford, SAW ; Maims 3,7174; Wareham, 1,7961.; Launceston, 9,8121.; Weettary, 1,9001, ; Latatiorke, 2,9 141. ; Think, 9,9111 L; Lestkes, 3,0311. ; Cabs, 3,0334 ; iteniass, 3,0731.; Lymingto*, 3, 1331. ; Tele healer', SAM ; 3,9414; Cockermouth, 3,3681.; Midhurgt, 3,4614; Taming* 3,1144 Great Karl° t, 3,4764 , Brldport, 3,6304 Idenbsa, 3,5611.; Andera, 3,6031, Brows, 3,6:114 w.A.toek. L 67714 Rad nor, 3,7001., Peteredleld, 3,7131.; Ablegdos, 3,7091.; Chip ping Wycombe, 3,93114 Besmear* 3,9364; Newcastle wider-Lyme, 1,0674 ; Bawdier, 1,0901.; Haverfordeem, 4,6074; Peery' sod le/moalla, 4,1734; Maws, 4,2361.; lerAareali, 4,27014 Nerlberowith, 4,2901.; Wells (City), 1,3094, Lichfield (City), 4,3401.; Bye, 4,3691.; Devises, 4,3851.; Cardigan, 4,4761. COMBINATION OP WORKMEN. 'Ms following• is a copy of the bill joat brought boa the Comaes, to the Llitls, ietitolaill .. As Act t) mend sad expleta so act of the sixth year of the reign of Hiag George the Poortit, to moil the laws toistiegto the combination et workings, sad to tasks other prowldone in lam then(.,' " Whereat an act wan panted la the Meth yser of the reign of King George the Fourth, belittled An act. to repeal the laws relating to the combination of workmen, and to make ether provider In lien thereof.' And whereas Manse deciekee have bele given on the con struction of the mid act . be It therefore dec'ared and muted by the Queen'. Moat Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, sad Commons, in this present par liament weternbled, and by the authority of the came as fol lows —I. That no workman or other person, whether sc lazily in employment or not, dell, by MUM merely of hi. catering late an agreement with any workman or workmen, or other person or persona, for the purpose of Axing or endea vouring to fix the rate of wage@ or remuneration at which they or any of them shall work, or by reason merely of his endeavouring peaceably, and without threat or Intimidation, direct or indirect, to persuade others to cease or abetain from work In order to obtain the rats of wages or the altered hours of tabour en flied or agreed upon or to be agreed upon, shall be deemed or taken to be guilty of molettation' or 'ob , tru,tioo,' within the meaning of the mid act, and shall not therefore be subject or liable to soy prosecution or indictment for oonspirecy. provided alweys, that nothing herein contained shalt authorise any workman to break or depart from any contract or authorise any at tempt to induce any workman to break or depart from any contr ler," (STANDARDS OF WISIOHTB-211D-11111S-ÜBES. Inquiries hare recently been made of the Comp- troller:Gsneral at the Ziolt;tpser (Lord Monter(le), by 11e Secretary of etale for the memo Oepartreent, relative:kVA' existing laws respecting weights ant measures ; and this maralaff s espy was issued of s lottm ham his lordship in reply, and ales of s report from the Astronomer Royal OE the subject. Fran • con,ider Won of the mane led UM,* hies, showing the umbers of wrlghta and measures arighslly ermined, u well a Moro reverided from 1125 to the pound time, Prteeroar Airy that men than two-thiris of the provincial and local stand ards hem bees mid awe Ursa twisty yews without re verillesties. It follows, in his judgment, that so cow- Most rams am be placed is the genera utearacy of the kcal eateadary standards now is nu and yet th , ry torsi& tie Ifnil amuse and 'Vial ILO iy which the isterrity tied of the actual weights sed m;ssittis suet for commercial tar pon. are ascertained and tested. For a non-conformity with these loyal standards, legal convktioas may take place. penalties may be enforced, and the &erecter of traders may be snowily injured, snd yet the heal standards relied on as • coechaeire teat, may, In themselves, be &levies end lin wrfret. They rim even bays been spend. alts 'bey bays been examined end stamp d at tits Richequer, without the interposition of say dos sutbority ; a practice which has I occared, sad against which, fatal as It most be, there done not seem at prewnt to be any enScient protection by epeclik rotatable enactment ar penalty. The oxecrmity between the commercial weights sad measures, and the loiel stand ard* is eaforeid by penalty; the conkratley between the iral standards sad those et the Exchequer, trial 'blob thew local stsedarda sheadd be ideatiesl, is not tr,ivided tar, aborebe than by lb. it sad ortgbsafoomparisou sad ex,: mnation,which cannot be relied on as a permanent security, however imamate It may bee. bees when orignelly made. This defeats altogether the ml in'entioas of the law, hyoids, eotsilieg umet to n'y on Its adminiatistion, and the italic don of iajustiee ea indi v iduale in many owes. A remedy for this stets of Wags so. me unqueetianehly to be called for, and that remedy (says the profiteer) can only be gins throng\ the authority id the Is gi-latme. la Ude petrel view of the errors of the existing law, sal tbe mime laconvenienos resulting from it, :loOraktoateagls fatly Mileage. He &gram also with the astronomer royal that the fees Maid, n'al to the comparison of the exchequer etandards with the lot al standard., should he disccatinued. This mettemonvi r royal comiders that the Interposition and metro, of the state should he retried much fuithar then a pretest, and suggests whether the actual meaufacturs of the atesdarde ought not to be undertaken by the govern ment Waif ; bat te tbk Lied Ilcenagla epos yarions ✓oads appeara Ica der: assuming that the pinery sealed. of the Iselamter are to be provided by the gm resese, as/ las cestparleoss amid rordicationa are still to be easdheatad by gowenisest odlotre—be is of °Valais, however, theta stringent sad ell, caws bittern of iospecnon sad amputees of the local or second. ry standards Wu yid be introdweed, administered by public Mame like wise. "They elv.uld be employed," he sap, "from dm to time to visit, to Ingle:I, and to report on the state of Ulm srawdary or local standards. The reg'stration of each nal:dards woold afford important elmeab foe the endows and record of such impaction est task molts. The holder of there local men feed,. ell sold to subject to lee, rushy tad forfeiters, it the local totttadatele were foetal dellecilae, and their fa mediata correction or roplatmenest should he enforoed. The inspotors should carry with titers • portable working set of standard., whirl weld be aelitokst to miss bliah • prised faro cam for ordering sty local stenelarda Ito be mat lip to London for comparisoa with the ll:cheque standards. It would b. by comports to with the latter only that say flees or penalties should be imposed op the holders it the foes' stondsrde. The effect et this /Totem would to, as I opprehend, to compel the looslautboritsee to avert ibis flity to lino and ren.ure, by • eigiloat ettentios to the states sad arca len of the etondarde, shown by their reedy tracamisid JO to the Exchequer ter reset-410a*. end *left most; whatever the effects of time, friction, atessim, oxy d.tios, or accident rtadsred such • presses testomaty." Out e vcrificatiort and odjueusint of ths Exchequer standards slot nqu'ra, sad Lord licataaila submits that he should be allowed to take such 4.epe, as may el. bout delay ensure the rOItOC. tan of any irregularities or leacmarecica white time or other OttaltO may ban produced. " But the establialmaiet,^ be odds " of a spesial odlos for the supedatendence of weigtda and measures, to ems which twits very serious con sidembine, anA as each in conformity wits the r part of the Astrononu r Boyd, it recommends it to the onion attendee eats ItOTCOOMOOt. In this manner it ODOM to me that gray of the impferfectionscomplaieed of mieht be remedied. awl a better wordy ob , a:md for the impartial minutiae of the law spinet delinquents." Yesterday afternoon the Lord Lieutenant, the Cantor of Eglintoun and suite, left Dublin Cartle in a carriage and four, preceded by outriders, for Kieeetome, where they embarked for England. Their excellencies are not espeeted at retina for about Hum vests. 'Phu chairmanship of Roscommon, valued at 9001. per =MUD, is plead at the &pond of government by the death of Mr. Henry Hutton. ♦ stipendiary usegisirateelitp le oleo vacant by the demise of Mr. John H. Shed, resident magistrste for the uonnty of Meath. _ . Lord Derby is so ►atiaded with what (says the from) may be calkd hi. "Lite shill Adventure of Lad Jobe Rosiell,." recited to a ntureroes serthoces yerterdsy week, that be has pableiked it inthe farstels . . I)r. Amid', professor of interoatiocal and eta,- siastioal low In Ike tisiorvity of Elloopeo, bag just bola appointed siasoessor t , ) Worse In the obak qi Waory Yti Gyusalitus of Hamburg. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. AUSTRIA AND FRANCE. RUMOURS OF THE DAY. The Nord of this morning hes the following : " While all the advice. are of war, and while the situation is regarded everywhere as all but despe rate, we receive from Paris a piece of news which will be taken as a last ray of hope—or, at least, as • proof that diplomacy has not yet abandoned its work. Our correspondent informs us that Austria has at length decided to drop the SIN* qua mos which she had put upon her partici pation in the congress, viz., the previous dis arming by Piedmont. She has substituted, it is true, another condition—one of so delicate a nature that our correspondent hes not judged it seeming to reveal it to-day. It remains to be seen whether this new condition is more acceptable than the one she has renounced ; at all events it is at this moment submitted to the appreciation of the cabinets. Such is the lut difficulty which opposes—not the meeting of the congress, for, as we have already stated, the congress will open on the 30tb,with or without Austria—but the participa tion of that power—the most interested of all. We may be permitted, then to set, faintly in this last concession the chance of a general peace." The com promise referred to by the Nord is probably that which is mentioned in our Paris correspondent's letter of last evening. The Paris Pays contains the following article in large tYPe . • Plathi;ths last toasty-four hours a change, as happy as usaapected, ham taken place in the state at affairs. If oar information is cermet, the difficulties which food in the way of the rusetisi at the copper of the fire meat powers are dadaltlvely roamed. The conditimas of a simultaneous d - ' aramateathave, it is said, beau weed upon; sad Austria hes given her dedakive adhealco, and the congress may now saremble within the shortest possible delay. In publishing this sews—under all reserve, but with that empressmeast which its measuring character raiders natural—we am bond to dealer, that, without being able absolutely to gusesalaa the truth of tbie intelligence in all its details, we has. strong reason to believe that it is the veritable ezpreadrin of the present situation. This important news salleiently explains the sudden departure of Lord Cowley for Leedom, where he will meet Mr. Hudson, the liaglish mi aides at Turin. This radical change in the eitustion de prives the other news which reaches la in the ordinary course of all interest. The Brussels Ittapendanee of yesterday evening states that the despatches received on Friday by Lord lllalmesbury announced the rejection by Austria of the last concession offered by France, and supported by the mediating powers, relative to the question of the disarming of Piedmont. At the request of these powers, the Emperor Napoleon, according to our ootemporary, replied by a counter proposal by which this point would be sub mitted to the Congress before any other and so become, instead of a preliminary condition to the meeting of the plenipotentiaries, a preliminary to their deliberations. This middle course Austria refused. In a letter from Vienna to the Borsenhalls we read "There are serious rumours to-day of calling out the reserve of the whole army. The reserve on places the former landwehr. It is said also that the whole army will be put upon a war footing, that two corps will be immediately concentrated near Line, that the Western Railway has already received orders to be prepared to transport them, and that all the country battalions of the border regiments will be mobilised. By these means Austria, in the space of four weeks, will be trans formed into one vast camp, and I do not exaggerate in placing the number of her moveable forces at 1 700,000 men." The [sheering telegram was received this day at Mr. Reater's office : " VIENNA, MINDAT, Aran. 12. " Tha official Ash:trios Correspondence publishes an article, of which the following is a summary : " Austria, has given undeniable proof of her love of peace by the manner in which she met Lord Howley . ' mission, and afterwards by accepting the proposals fora congress. Willingly would Austria make sacrifices in order to preserve peace, but she cannot do so merely to grant others delay before the commencement of war. The disarming of Piedmont has been stated as • pre liminary condition, which condition was supported by England, whilst Austria, on the other hand, proposed a general disarming as the first act of the congress:, thereby adding • fifth preliminary point to those already proposed. France did not think it possible to make Piedmont disarm alone, and Austria thereupon proposed a general disarming before the congress began, in order to ensure essen tial guarantees for the maintenance of peace. " The article concludes thus :—' How could it be thought possible that Austria would join the con gress unless substantial proofs were given that the spirit which actuates her prevails also in all the other cabinets ?' " PRUSSIA. ARRIVAL OF ARCHDUKE ALBRECHT AT BERLIN. The following telegrams have been received at Mr. Renter's office : "BERLIN, TUESDAY. "The Archduke Albrecht of Austria has arrived here this morning at a quarter past five o'clock from Vienne. His suite is composed of four superior officers. He wee received at the railway terminus by the civil authorities and the Commander-in-Chief of the army of Berlin. " The Archduke afterwards repaired to the royal palace, ens wing of which was put in readiness for his imperial highness." °BERLIN, MONDAY. " The official Prussian Gazette (Prawsia•h. Zeitmg) publishes a leading article, of which the following is a summary : ' ' ' " .11uringthe lest few days, unesainees has taken posesseion of the public mind at the news that the assembling of the Congress has eg►in become doubtful. The anticipation of • near and dangerous crisis which that news arouses has increased public fears. Without wishing to maintain the groundlessness of the intelligence, we theless believe ourselves permitted to assume that, in spite of the serious turn affairs have taken, the efforts of the mediating powers are not yet to be regarded as terminated ; and, indeed, a step of • seediatorial nature has just been taken by the PilneillA Government. Keeping in view the re peated declarations of Fnusceof • peaceful tendency, the hope still remains that mediation in the impend• Mg difficult questions may possibly be proceeded with. In the meantime the country, with provi dent regard for coming emergencies, may be streog, in the consciousness that above all things its government has during the negotiation' fee mediation neglected no steps which could enable Prussia to fulfil the duties imposed upon her by her position towards Germany and Europe. Govern ment may hope to meet with the confidence of the smantry, and may entertain the expeetatioa of (W -inter the part of her German federal allies a similar imairisaas animated by similar eadaavciare • SARDINIAN DESPATCH. The following despatch has been addressed by Chant Carom to the Marquis pAreglio, the Sar dinian minister in London : TURIN, MAs.ca 21. /load= la Matqals,—Ttle governmental koala haa just made the brawl popoeltios to outsell the Italian queslioa to a megrim of the gnat powers. ' • I hasten, M. le Marquis, to make known to you the views ot the government of the Hiog in this respect.' Sardinia has no objection to make easiest the meeting of • congress which, taking into coosidention the interests _ . sad the just complaints of the nasal* would take upon itself to give a pacific and "abrader, solution of the die cultist which deservedly attract the salons attention of Europe. But the cabinet of Turia believes at the acme time that Piedmont ought to be repessmated at this can(? s, and It is persuaded that in intermingle would be useful, not to say indispensable, if the power. which show a premed sym pathy for Italy, and those which desire to obviate the danger of the abnormal state of the Peninsula, think they I can render prevalent a mum more conformable to justice by obtaining concessions sod guarantees of a nature to can the public mind. lisatinia enjoys the confidence of the unhappy populations whose fate is about to be decided; she has already mimed her voice in their favour at the °wrest of Paris, and that voice was not only listened to by the most enlightened governments of Europe, but it hen 'noosed.' In calming vexations and angers ready to burst forth ; It hie dimmed revolution, substituting for it the regular and legal seam of diplomacy. . . . . - garlic* in taking the Mad of the national movement, bra always exareised the Masses it had acquired to canted nasty revolutionary parks.; Instead of exciting the minds of men sonred by suffering and deceptions, it endeavoured to keep than within bounds, and to lead them to a more healthy sppreciation of the events and obstacles which delayed the fulfilment of their legitimate desires. We may openly declare it; if Italy has not been the theatre of new troubles lately, if we hem not to deplore insane popular movements, followed by sanguinary reaction, it is to the saluttry action and pendant attitude of Piedmont that it most in a great =rare he attributed, As regents the questions which ought to form the object of the deliberations of the congress, the cabinet of London Is cognimat of the view taken of them by the government of the King. In the memorandum of the lit of March it has frankly enplaned its views, it has pointed out the grievances of the Peninsula, it kern indicated the reparations they ve. quire. That explanation her been communicated to the court of Loudon, and it met with a favourable reception. Lied ifshumbery has admitted the moderation of Sardinia, and bee rendered hornige to her good faith. Thus, whether by its general conduct eines the affairs of Italy have taken the first place in the carte of Europe—whether by Its decla ration, clearly formulated as regards the peo' which now appear to render an immediate solntion necessary, the British government ought to be convinced that the court of Sardinia will lend a sincere support to all meuurea which the high united ;own in congress may propose in the interest of filhe to flatter myeelf, therefore, that the cabinet of Lou don will, without difficulty, admit the propriety that Sar dinia should be represatted Is the congress proposed by Buda. With this ol.ject in view, I beg of you, M. le Marquis, to entailt the above observations to Lead Ilalawsbory, reading to hint sod &tying with hie a copy of this deseniedt.—l atn, &c., C. CAYoUE. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. V1ON:0111 OWN PARIS, MONDAY ETZNING. 'The Patrie doe' not appear to have received the communication with which the Pays has been favoured, for it sums up the latest news u showing that the " tendencies of Austria are still for war," and that there are serious doubts as to the meeting of the congress. What I have heard myself ie, that a despatch has been received from Count Roca, which does appear to hold out a prospect that the congress may assemble. According to this version Austria is disposed to make a compromise on the subject of the dimming of Piedmont. She now says that she does not apprehend any evil from the presenos near her frontier of the regular army of Piedmont, became she knows these troops are well disciplined, and will be guilty of no aggression with out the orders of their chiefs ; but she insists upon either the dispersion or the withdrawal into the in terior of the irregular corps that have been formed with deserters and volunteers. There is an impres sion that, yielding to the advice of England and Prussia, Sardinia will so far yield on this point as to make the congress possible. The Bourse opened with great excitement. Large purchases were made under the influence of vague pacific rumours, and the Rente rose to 67fr. 70c. (66c. higher than the closing price of yesterday.) Later in the day a telegram respecting the heavy fall of 21 in Vienna Metallic., and a great rise in the exchange in Paris, caused a strong reaction, and the Rents, after much fluctuation and a great deal of speculative business, closed at 67fr. 45c. for account, and 67fr. 26c. for cash, with a ries on the day of nearly 16fr. and 10c. Mobilier rose 21fr. 250. The Orleans railway rase 10e., and the other lines were from 2fr. 60n. to 6fr. higher. It appears, by the latest letters from Italy, that G 1 Ginlay did really address his troops in the terms stated by the Turin journals. A report of his speech was printed end circulated in Milan, and copies having reached Turin, the very natural mis take was mad* that the warlike sentiments of the general's speech had appeared in the form of an " order of the day." There is, however, a great distinction between a speech made by an officer to his soldiers, on their private parade, and the mere official manifesto wrongly transmitted by telegraph, and which alone is contradicted by the .3fllo/4 Gazette. General Ullos, the friend of Manic, has left Paris for Turin. The council of ministers usually held at the Tuileries on Saturday, was postponed till this day in consequence of the Emperor's sporting excursion to Rambouillet. After the breaking up of the council the Emperor received the commercial section of the council of state, in order to discuss with them the question of the corn duties. THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. The following telegram hu been received by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Com. Pan,': __ . . " MAILBEILLSO, TIMIDAT MORNING. " The Nepaul, with the mails from Calcutta and China, arrived at Marseilles yesterday at 8 p.m. " The mails left for London at 10.90 p.m. " Passengers are to remain in quarantine fifteen hours. " The Indus left Malta for Southampton at 4 p.m. on the Bth inlt." The Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe Weimar have left Taft for Lombardy. ... . _ 'rhe Vienna Gazette publishes a decree of the Minister of Public , Worehip, which m.intains in Anglia the temporary prohibition enforced &pipit Runin catholic priests when converts to proterantiam, and preventing them from marrying. The flesstie aflame that the motive foe this order Is that formal of those who become protestant. afterwards return to the Raman catholic church. As holy orders impress an indelible ohmmeter, gni as priests who return to the catholic church most be .gain coneidtred as suolt. the Angelica of that prohibition, which was demanded by the ratirlsat consistories t would lure given rite to m anta= difficulties. ITALY. SARDINLi. (71011 OVI OWN TURIN, Aran. 8, The Cavaliere Merino d'Aseglio arrived here yesterday from Rome. Agitation in that city is daily on the increase, and accordingly renders the withdrawal of the French garrison less and less probable. The railway from Home to Civita Vecchia is completed at last, a happy issue, chiefly due to the firm willof Napoleon 111., to whom it wall a matter of importance to have a quicker and easier communi cation between the ass and the Pope's capital. I be lieve the C,avaliere d'Aseglio will ultimately goto Paris and fill the post now occupied by the Marquis Villa marina, the latter having demanded • discharge from his ambassadorial functions. It would appear as if he were more ealous of his official dignity than is the Prince de I'Auvergne. Both of them, as I fbr merly mentioned to you, have for many months past been utter strangers to the negotiations and correspondence carried on between the cabinet of Turin and that of the Tuileries. Both of them were made acquainted with the marriage of Prince Napoleon and the Princess Clotilda on the day when it was no longer a secret to any one. On the other hand, the extreme intricacy of affairs now requires at Paris the presence of a somewhat gifted and skilled diplomatist, which perhaps the Marquis Villamarina may not happen exactly to be, although all his moral qualities may be ever so eminent. The Cavaliere d'Aseglio has sojourned long at Rome, long enough, at all events, to impart to the minister the exact state of that city and the disposition of its inhabitants. Although looked upon with an evil eye by the prelates, d'Aseglio has had a private con versation with Pio Nono. I have reason to believe that he endeavoured to inspire kis Holiness with greater confidence in the Piedmonteee government, and to convince him that it is not hostile to the true and legitimate interests of the church of which he is the head. All such attempts will be of little avail. The Pope trusts the Emperor of Austria alone ; his faith in France is small indeed, and in Piedmont he has none at all. The Cavaliers d'Aseglio thinks he shall be able at Paris to give a truer conception to Napoleon of Roman affairs than the Duke of Gram mont is giving, for the duke spends his time in con versing with cardinals and Roman princes, and therefore is not in a position to know the real feel ings of the people. The reports he sends to the Emperor, if they are not written in the same vein as M. de Rayneval's were, are still widely removed from the truth. . . The Roman youths who intend passing over to Piedmont as volunteers will be compelled to submit to a kind of exile, for they have been officially in formed that they will not be able to return to their country without the Pope's special permission. AU our communications from Lombardy concur in stating that Austria's military preparations, instead of being slackened, are being ra pidly increased. At Vienna there is not the slightest belief in the preservation of race. An order of the day was read yesterday in the barracks at Milan, of which order it may be sufficient to observe that it virtually expresses a declaration of war. It is believed at Milan that this extraordinary document has the Commandant Count Giulay for its author. The order seems to me so strange that I think it more advisable to wait for its confirmation before I say more about it. THE UNITED STATES. NEW YORE, Idiacx 30. The United States Supreme Court has just ren dered a decision which is of considerable importance, not only as regards the slavery question, bat as regards the relations of the federal government with the individual States. For some time past the courts of several of the free States, sometimes in obedience to positive enactments of the legislature, such as the Personal Liberty Act of Massachusetts, and at others in compliance with their own views of public policy and of sound law, have treated the Fugitive Slave Act ea a nullity, declared it unconstitutional, ani have liberated persons held under it or arrested for contraventions of it by habeas (torpor. This has at length brought about • direct collision between the Supreme Court of the State of Michigan and the Supreme Court of the United Stater. The former declared a return to a writ of habeas corpus made by a United States marshal, that a prisoner was in custody for assisting . a fugitive slave to escape, to be insufficient, pronounced the act under which he was arrested to be unconstitutional, and ordered his discharge. Upon the matter being carried into the United States courts on a writ of error, the latter has decided that a return by a United titans ;marshal that he holds a prisoner for a violation of United States laws is sufficient and final as regards a writ of habeas corpus issued out of • State court, and bars all farther action on its part, andthat the marshal may lawfully resist, and moreover it is his duty to resist, any attempts on the part of state officers to enforce any farther order that may be subsequently made by the State courts in the premises. This is expected to give rise to serious complications. That the United States courts have got the law and the constitution on their side there is little doubt ; but the State courts have to obey the acts of their own legislatures, and must give way to the overwhelming force of public opi nion. The affair is one more omen added to the many by which the horizon is already darkened. These " personal liberty bills," as they are called. are now being pasted by nearly all the Northern states. No attempt has been made to enforce the fugitive slave law in any of them, except those on the border, for several years, and to all intents and purposes it remains a dead letter. But the pro slavery party do not, on these accounts, in the least relax in the boldness of their pretensions ; and the last demand promulgated by the extreme section is, as I have already mentioned to you, that Congress shall not only legislate for the return of such slaves as run away from them, but for the secu rity of such slaves as they choose to carry with them into the free states—or, in other words. that the same protection shall be accorded to slave property which is accorded to every other species of property, all over the Union. As a reply to this menace the Northern states are nearly all passing . acts formally forbidding their officers to amid enforcing the fugitive slave law, forbidding the sheriff to allow the jails to be used fur the confine ment of captured fugitives, and declaring every per , son who erosion their boundaries, no matter what his antecedents, to be ipso facto free and eutitled to the protection of their court,. There is not much pro bability that, at this distance from the border, any of these acts will ever need to be enforced, but they serve the same purpose that zealous professors of reh gion sometimes attain by praying against those who differ from them. They are notes of defiance. CANADA. -•-• (FROM MA OWN TORONTO, ?Lacm 28. The new tariff has poured through both houses, and received on Saturday the assent of the Governor- General. It extends further the principle of protec tion, increasing the duties on cotton goods, metals, books, &c. The ad ra/orem principle is adopted, to the exclusion of specifics, except in the case of whisky. This is expected to give an advantage to direct importation by the St. Lawrence of tea and sugar, and is much complained against by Upper Canadian merchants, who are in the habit of par. chasing in New York. There have been rumours in circulation that Sir Edmund Head is to be withdrawn, and that he is to be rewarded with a peerage on going home. In Canada we shall not care much what reward he receive, so that he is removed, but I must say it is not the way to secure proper conduct on the part of Governors to promote them when they have earned the condemnation of the people over whom they have ruled. Not a single member of the parliamei. Lary opposition is either house has called on the Governor, and when he came down to sanction bills on Saturday, the members designedly stayed away• They desire to take every opportunity consistent with their position to mark their sense of Su Edmund's bad fidth last year. I