The Express. — London, England, 1862-05-02 00:00:00

gm - I PI! IMPERIAL PA IL HOUSE OF COMMONS.—THUSSDAT, MAY 1. The SPILL= took the chair shoddy after 6 o'cilock, there being exactly 40 members present. PRIVATE BUSDIESS. The following bathwere reed • third time and pawed : Bala and DoWly Railway . • Carlisle and Silloth Bay Rail. way and Dock; Urystal Fallen and South London Junction Railway; Eastern Mien Railway ; East Grinsteed, Groom beidge, sad Tuabridge Wells Railway ; Leadburn, Linton, and Dolphintoa Railway; Loadoo, Brighton, and South Coast Railway (new lutes) • London Railway Depot and Storehouses; liaryport an d Carlisle Railway ; North British Railway and Carlisle and Silloth Bay Railway and Dock Companies ; North British Railway and Port Carlisle Dock and Railway Companies; aud North British Rail way (Mouttouhall • and Ormiston and Dalkeith Branches) Bills. THE RECORD OFFICE. Mr. B. COCHRA.NE gave notice that, on going into committee of supply on Friday, the 9th of May, he w ou ld call the attention of the house to the Mitemeut made on Tuesday la.t by the First Commissiuser of Works respect ing the cood.tion of the Record-office. RECENT MURDERS IN IRELAND. Colonel DICKSON gave notice that be would on Friday, the 15th Mar, call toe atteatioe of the Chief Secretary for Ireland to certain tunnies recently committed in that country, and move for a select committee to inquire into the organisation and employment of the Irish constabulary. THE AMERICAN MAILS BETWEEN IRELAND AND ENGLAND. Mr. LEADER asked the Secretary to the Treasury whe ther his attention had been drawn to the delay that occurs between toe arrive/ of the Amencau mails in Queenstown harbour mud their being placed ou the Cork and Dublin Rail way for tronsudimion to England ; and whether he was aware that by using the Queenstown Railway a considerable saving of time could be effected.. Mr. F. PEEL was understood to my that he had been informed L I the Post-offico authorities that if they used the railway instead of the au:moire between Cork and Dublin it would ou:y effect a saving of about 35 minutes, but that would not obviate the deity which sometimes arose between Kingstown and Holyhead, which was the more important matter. The Post-office authorities hi communication with the directors of the railway had found that there would be cousidemule difficulty in running ozone trains at any hour of the night, and under these circunistoucea it was intended to continuo the present arrangement THE MARKETS AND FAIRS (IRELAND) BILL On the order of the day for the consideration of this ball as amended, Sir H. CAIRNS, i 2 reference to the notice of motion given by the hon. and learned member for Cork (Mr. V. Scully) that this bill should be re-committed, said hewould venture to suggest to the government that that course would be the more couvenient, 'lid there were a great many amend ments on the paper, inasmuch as on the third reading of the bill it would not be competent to make any amendments, however much the clause.' which might be agreed to at the present stage of the bill should clash with the clauses already paamod. Sir IL PEEL mid if it were merely intended to re-com mit the bill for the purpose of discussing the amendments on the paper and any new clauses, the government would not object to that course ; but if it were intended to re commit the whole of the clauses in the bill for the purpose of discussing them over again, the government would not agree to sum a course. (Beer, hear.) After a short conversation, the house, on the motion that the bill be re-committed in reference to the several clauses proposed to be amended and the new clauaee pro posed to be added, went into committee, Mr. Meanly in the chair. Mr. MMAHON proposed the omission of clause 1.11, with the view of substituting a clause exempting from the necessity of weighing at the public weighing-house goods sold in the shop, place of business, or dwelling place of the seller. Sir 11. PEEL objected to the amendment on the ground that it struck at the root of compulsory weighiug. The clause was agreed to without amendment. On clause 10, relating to the erection of a public weighing machine in the store-house of the merchant, Mr. IL HERBERT referred to remoostritoces which be had received against the clause from the Chamber of Com merce of Dublin. Sir R. PEEL believed that corn merchants were adequately protected by another clause against any potion tile injury. Mr. CARDWELL said the only object of the clause was to remedy what was felt to be an inconvenience. The pro posed male would be under the coutrul of a weighiug master and would be a matter of general convenience. Lord FERMOY 'giddiest nothing could justify the clause except the conviction that great fraud was practised iu weighing in Ireland. He thought it would defeat the object contemplated by the bill. Mr. GEORGE complained that Irish members had been taken by ,uprise, as they were given to understand that the hill would not come on that evening. After some further discussion, Sir R. PEEL said that before Exeter be distinctly stated that the measure would be brought forwarilthat night, and be could out understand why it should not then be taken into consideration. Mr. MONsELL suggested that the bill should be re ocmmitted pro forma, and that the right hon. baronet's =sodium:its should be priuted, or otherwise the house would have no clear idea what it was they wore passing. In Limerick, however ' a very similar measure had been for years in operstion, and army class of the community were strongly io favour of it. Sir it. PEEL said the new clauses (which bed been drawn up with great care) were proposed solely with a view to carry out the wishes of the house. Sir H. CAIRNS believed that there was a unanimous feeling in Ireland that the bill should not apply to merchants dealing in foreign grain, who were not in the habit of using the market at all, but who conducted their business in the Corn Exchange. He thought that the committee should now decide this question, but that the wording of the clause might hematites be reconsidered on the report. Colonel DICKSON said the only thing he had understood in the discussion was the proposal of his right hon. col lo=that the bill should be re•committed. FERMOY moved that the Chairman report pro gress, in order that an opportunity might be afforded to the country of forming an opinion on the new clauses which had been added to the bill. The committee divided and the numbers were : Far the motion 2l Against it Sir H. PEEL said be did not wish to press the bill for ward. If the bill were allowed to pan through this stage, the clauses might be reprinted and considered on bringing up the report. Mr. BRADY asked whether it was the intention of the right hon. baronet to recommit the bill. Sir R. PEEL said no. Mr. CARDWEI.L explaired that this bill instead of less, had received more 000sideratioo than usual. Lord C. HAMILTON observed that owing to the circum stances of the day, several hon. members were absent who wished to take part in the dhscussiou. Mr. VANCE saidithat, acting upon what be believed to be good authority, he had told the committee of commerce in Dublin that there was no chance of the bill going through till next week. The measure was looked upon with great anxiety in Ireland. Lord PALMERSTON said it was quite dear that it would be for the convenience of the house to have the bill with his right hoe. friend's amendments considered. (Hear.) Then why should not the committee puts the clauses pro fossil f Then his right hon. friend might put in his amendments ; they would be printed ; and on the bringing up of the re port those parts of the bill which it was wished to discuss might be recommitted and discussed in committee. (Hear.) After come observations the proposition of the noble viscount was assented to, and new clauses were read a se wed time with amendments, and agreed to pro forma. The house resumed. THE POOR RELIEF (IRELAND) No. 2 BILL The house went into committee oo this bill, but progress being objected to by many hon. members in consequence of the lateness of the hour, the house immediately resumed without any progress being made. BIRTHS AND DEATHS REGISTRATION (IRELAND) BILL. On the motion for the second reading of this bill, Mr. HENNESSY suggested the propriety of passing at that stage of the bill a resolution which should have the effect of preventing the employment of the pobee in the re gistration of births and deaths in Ireland. The police were, as a rule, of too limited attainment.' to be entrusted with the collection of statistics upon a matter of such vital im portance, and the result of imposing upon them that duty would be to make the force unpopular. He moved—" That this house is of opinion that it is not expedient to employ the police as the registrars of births and deaths in Irehme Mr. DAWSON regretted that the registration of mar riages was not proposed to lee dealt with by this bill. He acknowledged the difficulty of dealing with that part of the question, owing to the prevalence of g religious differences in Ireland, but he re the system at present in operation as so un satisfactory that he should view with gratification any mea sure, from whatever source it came, which should deal with the question of registration in all its branches. He objected to the proposal of this measure to meet the expense by local taxation, considering that the coat should be defrayed out of the Consolidated Fund. He should have preferred to the present bill the arrangemenmproposed last year by the believing as be did that the Chancellor of the Exchequer , medical officers of dispensary districts w0...1d be more trust worthy agents in the collection of statistic with regard t o births and deaths then the constabulary force. Dr. BRADY agreed both that a registration was abso lutely necessary far Ireland arid that it was di..graceful to that country not to have bad one established long ago. At the sane tine be denied that the police was the proper body • to which to ° otant the duty. There was* feeling in Ireland. that would revolt grains% the idea of allowing common policemen to come into houses and make themselves an ti nted with the secrets of families. He considered that the beet men to perform the teat would bathe medical men ; sod if the house was not in a position' to remunerate those gentlemen properly for the work, let it wait till it was. Sir F. BEYGATE considered that the pohos were not the right body for this employment. ' He did cot wish to dry a word ■aga i nst the force, bat he did not wish the Pesnatry of Irelamd to find the police set to do everything. It she con. THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, ;tables bad sot enough to do, let their number be re duced. Sir E. PEEL said the amendment struck at one of the main features of the bill. After giving his best attention to the sub Mot. be was of opinion that there was no class so well calculated to undertake the labour as the police. The medical officers admitted that they could not do the work for the remuneration °tiered, the postmasters were unable to do it, and the ecclesiastical officers of all denominations' would not. To impose the task upon persons nominated by the Lord Lieutenant would be to confer too great an amount of patronage on the executive go vernment, and persons appointed by hoards of guar dians would not be suitable. Under them circum stances he thought that the police would be the best officers for the purpose. They were • very popular body, and he believed that they would discharge the duty exceed ingly well. He hoped, therefore, the house would read the bill, and allow its details to be considered in committee. Mr. MAGUIRE did not see why in their anxiety to remove what had so long been the reproach of Ireland they should adopt the very worst plan that human ingenuity could devise. He wondered how the right hoe. gentleman toted tolerate the odious nuichioery now proposed, for it would vitiate the whole bill, sod raise up every man of the humbles classes in Ireland against it. He warned the house against adopting a scheme which could only become • source of suspicion and annoyance to the people of Indeed. Colonel DUNNE did not think the police the most competent parties to make these returns. Why not adopt the system prevailing in this country, and appoint persona specially for the pnrpooe. Lord PALMERSTON said that the course adopted by those who moved the present resolution was not very con sistent with the opinions they had expressed with regard to the bill. They were exceedingly anxious to have • system of registration, and the house was now called upon to affirm that principle, but instead of agreeing to the mound reading, they interposed a motion which did not belong to the present stage of the discussion, and which was perfectly fit to be proposed in committee. Mr. MONSELL thought the proper mode of proceeding would be to adopt the plan already existing in England. Mr. HENNESSY consented to withdraw his amendment. The bill was then read • second time. WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS INTO HER MAJESTY'S POSSESSIONS ABROAD BILL This bill wood Unlink lionimittes. SUMMARY JURISDICTION (IRELAND) BILL. TT;;;;;;;; in this bill wereed to. Captain STACPOOLE mov ed the addition of the following clause : " Any person who shall keep or suffer to be at large, within fifty yards of say public road, any dog, without having the said dog properly muzzled, stall Le liable to • fine not az oexling ten shillings ; and it shall also be lawful for • juatios or justices of the petty sessions district, upon information ; that my unmuzzled dog is kept or suffered to be at large within such distance as aforesaid, and that the owner thereof cannot be discovered, to issue his or their warrant to any sib-inspector, head or other constable, to seize and destroy any such dog, or to dispose of said dog io such manner as ; to said justice or justice' may seem lit ; sad, further, it shall be lawful for said justice or justices, upon information, to issue his or their warrant to any head or other constehle to mite and destroy any dangerous dog so kept or suffered to be at large within said before-mentioned distance." Sir R. PEEL opposed the clause, which he end was in consistent with the provisions of the measure, and said that if the hon. and gallant member attached any importance to , the subject the better way would be for him to bring in • dog bill. (Laughter.) Sir E. GROGAN supported the clause. After some discussion the committee divided 26 the clause Against it The clams wee therefore thrown out, Lord E. HILL moved the following clause : " And whereas, by the act of the 24th and 25th of Victoria, chapter 100, sec. 38, certain assaults on peace officer' and others are made misdemeanuura, and punishable with im prisoinneut for • term not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour ; be it enacted, that two justices of the peace shall have a concurrent jurisdiction to parish such mouths under the 42nd section of the said act, if they shall consider the offence so trivial as not to require being dealt with by a superior tribunaL"—Agreed to. The bill was then reported. WEIGHTS AND MEASURE:I. Mr.W.EWART moved to nominate the select committee our weights and mermen as follows : Mr. William Ewart, Mr. Sotheron Esteourt, Mr. Cobden, Mr. Adderley, Mr. Baines, Colonel Wilson Patten, Mr. John Benjamin Smith, Mr. Hume, Mr. St. Aubyn, Mr. Hennessy, Colonel Sykes, Mr. Hunt, Mr. Maley, Mr. Grinnell, and Mr. Pollard- Urquhart.—Agreed to. The house roes at 12 o'clock. oourr or COMMON coureir.. The members of the Court of Common Council of the City of London held a wart on Wednesday, in the Coursed Chamber of the Guildhall, for the despatch of the business of the corporation. The Right Non. the LORD MAYOR presided. There wee a full court, and the following members of the upper bench, with the Reeorder and the Common Serjeant, were also pre sent :—Alderman Wi con, Alderman Salamis,' Alderman Humphery, Alderman Sir F. G. Moon, Alderman Rose, Alderman Mechi. Alderman Allen, Aldermanßesky, Alder man Lawman*, and Alderman Gi bbons. A. letter was read from Mr. Lewis, the secretary to the National Lifeboat Institutioo, thanking the court, on be half of the committee of management, for its munificent additional donation of two hundred guineas in aid of the funds of the institution. I.lponttiell;tie;ii Deputy OBBL&D the letter wee ordered to be entered upon the journals of the court. THa LONDON, ORATRAN, AND DOVER RALLWAT. The Tows Claim read a letter from Lord Sondes, the chairman of the board of directors of the above railway, which informed the court that, owing to the delay of the corporation in coming to a decision as to the number of atones of which the proposed new bridge at Black/rims should be composed, the company was put to very °amide rabic loss and inconvenience in the prosecution of their works, and requesting the court to mine to a decision upon this point as soon as practicable. The letter also stated that if any bridge was erected with lees than live arches, it • would mom very considerable additional expense to the company, but if a bridge of five arches were to be agreed to, they were ready immediately:to commence operations for crossing the river. (Hear, hear.) Deputy HARRISON said he was informed that the Bridge house Committee had taken evidence upon this subject, which he believed was printed, and be should be glad to be informed whether it was intended to lay this evidence before the court, or when a report upon the whole matter might be expected. (Hear, hear.) kr, H. W. Yardarm; the chairman of the Bridge-house Estates Committee, said that, strictly speaking, no evidence had been taken by the committee, but certain engineers had made voluntary statements and suggestions which lad been printed, and he did cot know that Were would be any ob jection to these statements being laid before the court. He could assure the hou. deputy Loaf the committee would lose no time in bringing up a report upon this important subject. (Hear, hear.) ' The letter of Lord Sondes was then formally referred to the Bridge-house Estates Committee for them to consider and report upon forthwith. Alderman SALOMONS said be had been Wormed that Lord Canning had jest arrived in England, and he should give notice of the following motion for the next court That the freedom of thm City, in a gold Dux of the value of one hundred guineas, he promoted to the Ind Canning, in grateful acknowledgment of his eminent services while administering the government of India at a period of great peril, sod in appreciation of the ommiliatory and enlightened policy of his subsequent measures for the good government and permanent improvem ent of that important dependency of the British Crown . " iCheers.) DRIVING CATTLI TRIOUOII TER STURM Mr. H. L. TAYLOR, the chairman of the Markets Im provement Committee, called the attention of the court to the order recently issued by Sir Richard Mayne, the cow missioner of the metropolitan police, regulating the routes and hours during which cattle were to be driven through the streets of London on market days, and to the letter that had been received by the Town Clerk from that gentleman upon the subject. The matter was referred to the Markets Committee. THE SIUULIFFIe COURT. Mr. S. H. WATERLOW, the chairman of the Officen and I Clerks' Committee, bro ught up a report from that com mittee, having reference to the duties and emoluments of the several officers of the Sheriffs' Court, and which also contained a scheme for the future conduct of the business of the court, and he moved that the report be adopted. It will be remembered that a report upon the same sub- I ject was brought up on a framer occasion, but the court referred that report back to the committee for re-cougidera tiou. The phut* features in the present report were, I that the committee recommended that there should be no alteration in the salary of the chief clerk, and that he should , still be permitted to carry on his private professional bun. ' nese as an attorney, sad it proposed that certain other clerks should receive a small additional salary, and that in the came of future appointments there should be a progressive and regular increase of salary to the officers employed in the court. The whole of the points contained in rue report had evidently undergone moat careful consideration by the i committee. This report led to a very lengthened discussion. Deputy FRY said that he had felt it his duty to oppose the former report, and he was compelled to Wm the same course on the present occasion, because he thought that the I report now before the court was worse than it. predecessor. i(" Hear, hear," and a laugh.) It appeared to him that if Ithe proposed alteration, were carried out, newly appointed clerks would be placed in a better position than those who had discharged their duty faithfully far several years, and he did not believe that the court would sanction such a principle as that, and he had no hesitation in asphalting his opinion that if the pproposed scheme was carried out, it would cause diesatidactioa to every officer of the Sheriffs' Court. He should therefore move as an amendment that the report be referred back for further consideration. Dr. ABELILIA seconded the amendment. Mr. Dc JlLitailir said he was one of the committee who had agreed to this report, and all he could say was that if it was sent back he should not give himself any more trouble to discuss the subject. (" Hew, hear," and a laugh.) He behoved that there ware so substantial object time to the recommendations contented in the report, and that all those which had been raised were perfectly theologist and emanated from certain parties connected with the Sheriffs' Court, who considered themselves entitled to higher salaries. (Hoer, hear.) Deputy HAIIIIDsON s aid he objected upon principle to the chief clerk of the Sheriffs' Wart being permitted to have a private practice as a solicitor, and he should support the amendment that the subject be referred back for further Yr. H. L. TAYLOR said that the committee had nothing to do with the point that had been alluded to by Deputy Harrison, as the court had long before sanctioned the chief clerk being permitted to exercise his private practice. The whole subject had been carefully considered by the coin. mitts* twice over ; and he would observe that if the court expected aver to have • report that would be agreed to unanimously, that state of things would never aria°, wiles' the officers of the Sheriffs' Court were allowed to fix their own salaries. (" Hair," and a laugh.) Mr. ANDZATON supported the amendment, and he said that there wee more business at the Sheriffs' Court than at any of the county courts, and yet the officers were iu the receipt of smaller malarial than were paid at those courts. Mr fiuneos said that although he was a member of the committee he wished it to be uudenitood that he had not agreed to this report, and he would sever agree to such a re port, because he believed that it was very unjust to the *Moors of the court. The motion sod the amendment were then put sad the Lord Mayor declared the latter to be lost. A division was demanded, when there appeared, For the motion 53 Against it BIRIVOL/INCE. Mr. Sheriff COCIMALLL presented • petition from the Rev. Mr. Cohen, the Rector of Whitechapel, and the churchwardens and other inhabitants of that pariah, praying for • grant of money towards the erection of a ragged school, in Buck's-row ' Whitechapel. A similar appli cation was made by Mr. Ilartridge, on behalf of the lidingto obisry. Both applications were referred to the Coal, Corn, and Finance Committee. TIM TEAMS The Bridge•house litotes Committee made a report to tie court, and requested its authority to prosecute a peti tion to Peuhoment against the Thames Embankment krill. Agreed to. I Mr. HOUGHTON, the chairman of the Gresham Committee, j brought up a report from that committee having nye. rence to the amount due by the corporation tepee the re building of the Royal Exchange, and stating that they had agreed to renew certain boo to the amount of 8.5,0004 with the Guardian Insurance Company at 4i per cent in tercet for 10 years. Mr. Haerauxis said he thought di per cent. was rather high interest, and he appealed to the Chamberlain to state 'to the court whether he did not think that better terms might have been obtained. The Citarzeticstlt said that the only reply he could give to the honourable member was that the corporation were in the market as borrowers for a considerable time, and they found the beat thing they could do wag to reuow the bonds upoa the terms that had been mentioned. ("Hear," and a laugh.) Mr. H. L. TATIOn said be was sorry to see that the cor- , portion were still in debt to the amount of 110,01.01. on I r. ,HE811111.13 MIDLAND RAILWAY.—On SatUrdlly account of the rebuilding of the Royal Exchange, and that ' the line from Altrinchiuu to Knuteford (seven miles) was at present the only amount that wild be applied to the re duction of that debt was about 5001. a year. He believed, traversed by Captain Rich, of the Boa r d of Trade , Mr. Maweon (the engineer of the line), and other °Moen; end however, that the committee had done the beet they could , after a careful examination o f th e wor k. , pom i so k a vu in the matter. ; given to open the railway. The opening will take plate on The report was then agreed to. I 1 the 12th inst. It is intended to have six train& per day 111PBOVIAltrfli IN THE CITY, . each way. The reminder of the line to Nortbwich is far Mr. Deputy Fax brought up a report from the Improve-' advanced, and la expected to be openabout the month of meet Committee, which stated among other matters that Ape . " next. they had been in communicatioe with Use Right Hon. W. ! M aTelinti IN RELATION TO THE FINK Ann.— °weer, her Majest 's Chief Commissioner Works , and " Indeed, nee of them his already made • very marked adviume Mr. rh ,,, a i taa, the • rnun of th e ifairopolito. g ou da In this respect, by . producing artistically ornamented watches. recently a :li m ing' lz ha d. Works, relative to the Plo=tiltdm.ddlahaemab"lunthe result dt was eo-- f ed p actir l , w he an m re , e t e el t a ln e d h Sto ste° 4 l/ . M derl e.hu r. l e . f W eul L . Denson ti L ete r : tilde. ne mow street to the Mansion- Mist they were informed that unless the corporation were newly enlarged show-rooms, we found a most rare display of in a position to provide the funds necessary fee highly ornamented watches of all kinds. The watches here making the new street, it would be made u n d e r . OlMbited surpass those of any otheEughsh manufacturer, In sapreeeed therr opinion that it would =,h Mr. Benson his gained for the perfect time-keeping the authority of the Metropolitan Board of 'Works. ree li e s t lte to n ae nla v e t & etfliedesoign* rna comb i n i ng tiiton. The wide beau ty repu They, therefore, be inexpedient to proceed further in this natter et . giantism of his watches leaves nothing for us to say on this present. . point. Mr. Benson can meet the views of the economic uttlt• Alderman Bawer expressed his regret at the comes towards taking ell control from the corporation over im- tart= with the mine 103114 as he can the wishes of the most that had been taken by the government upon the question a1eva „,..,2,, L A,... bd ,Y er tig Ou c t ec nno ul l a y a t s y'V e Z wa t h a f good of the new street, and said he believed it was the gist step I desig n and thi s .9 istamishme ei nt."—Obserrer. Demo% Mearsted Pamphlet, post free for two stamne, is descriptive of every con plowerwimill and buildings ii , the C it y. If the we pt° , funds • strection of watch now made. etches see by pont to stipule was the red objection, he believed that this might be over- • of the globe.--(A.dvarttsement4 • From a return with which the Registrar-General has been favoured by the Emigration Corounesioners, the num ber returned re of English origin was 4,2110, while the birth place of 2,907 emigrant. , was not distinguished ; in the a bove statement • proportonal number of these has been added to those returned as of English origin. HOW GEORGIA BECAME A BLAtri Aram (From 01m/fled's "Seaboard Slave mow" The settlement of Georgia did not originate in meresoary end ambitious motives. The dodge of the foun ders of the colony was to provide for the peer sad near tunate—more especially for discharged prissames—an &glum in which they might be hoped, whoa free frees the menial eubmergement and weight of disgrace which disabled them in Ragland, to support themselves by honest industry. A corporation for this purpose having been farmed, a seal we adopted on which the cap of Liberty was a prominent em blem, with the motto, Non eibi sal shit, " signifyleg," says Hewitt, " that neither the fib trustee, nor their suc cessors could have any views of inteeest, it being entirely designed for the hermit and happiness of others." Conscious that the clam for whom they were to provide were most liable, under the best of circumstances, to Dow Una. to suffer from their own weak character, the truckles set about the formation of a constitution, or code of lows, which should, sa far as possible, guard their beneficiaries from temptation to trust to anything but honest and perse vering industry for 'acmes, sad which should educate them to schnety, se.U.ouniidence, sod perseverance in labour. In the first place, therefore, they obtained from the king a guarantee to all of whatever birth, or previous condition or persuasion of mind, who should settle in the colony, equality of rights with each other, and with all the free born 'abject" of the king, native of Great Britain ; end to all, except Papist', perfect religious freedom. Negro slavery was expressly prohibited to exist in the colony. Trade with the West Indies was forbidden, to prevent the impor tation of ruin. Reetrictiess were placed upon the trade with the Law—always • fruitful source of danger in the frontier sett ements in America, stud no less a school of knavery, sad of all vicious habits, than the gaols of London. To prevent 'explored' from falling in process of time, under one possessor, loud was to be granted to the settlers only in fail male, subject, on the failure of a male heir, to return to the government of the 'shiny, by which it should be granted anew to such other persons, as should be judged for the beet interest of Use commoewhe•lth, provi sion being made for widows and female children. Land, in any cue, was to be granted only oa condition that it ahould be nude joroduetivis ; and if it should fail to have been fenced, cleared and cultivated In eighteen yea. at.: it was grouted, in order to remove the temptation to hold it longer, in idleness , for speculation, it was stipulated that it should revert to the government. Ceder no consideration was any one person or family, however large or wealthy,. to be granted more than five hundred acres of land walla the oulouy. A secondary purpose of the corporation, by which their project was recommended to the favour of the king, was to form outposts, to guard the Caroliass from Melaka by the Spaniards, then strongly forti fi ed in Florida. For this pur pose, all grants of land were made on condition that the grantees should be prepared to take arms, whenever called upon by pr oper authority. "The first embarkations of poor people from England (I quote from Hewitt), being collected from towns and cities, were found equally idle and useless members of society abroad, es they had been at home. A hardy and bold race of men, inured to rursl labour and fatigue, they (the trus tees) were persuaded would be much better adapted Loth to cultivation and defence." A hundred and thirty frugal and industrious labouring men were therefore procured from Scotland, and one hundred and seventy mote of the MUM sort from Germany. The liberal and democratic character of the colony rapidly added to it additional forces of these honest and self-reliant people. They were settled at poste of danger and barrenness, on the extreme frontier, while the moral strength of the English invalids was attempted to be nursed on the banks of the Savannah, in the nearest part of the colony to the South Carolina plantations. A end error, this ! Like children, wink in good resolution, unaccustomed to labour, habit ually despondent, and ready to despair at the first occurrence of unexpected difficulty, the English settlers needed to be constantly cheered and animated. That the laws designed to remove temptation to vice, and to restrain unhealthy speculation, operated, in some degree, also, to check enterprise, and restrict competition among traders and men of capital, there can be no question. But, if it be remembered how largely the colony was composed of people whose first end best business it should have been to produce toed, and build shelter for themselves, and not to header goods, I ma see nogrounds for esteeming, accord ing to • common assumption, that the first constitution and laws of Cecelia were the worst which could have been devised for their purpose. Considering that the were drawn in an age when by many, feudalism was still deemed the highest possible attainment of political and social science, they seem to me to have been an extraordi narily sagacious production. These people, of course, were indolent, dejected, and soon discontented. Like all such unfortunates, they laboured to find, in the errors of others, or in circumstances over which they had so control, the pomade of that unhappiness which resulted from their own misconduct or indolence. The merchants, who thought their interests would be seined by a liquor sad a slave tragic, mad by a tree trade with drunkeo Indians, found nothing but hardship and danger in the restrictions of the law. The South Caroli nians, over the river, had sieves to do their work for them, made themselves jolly with cheap rum, and enter tained Indians and pirates with great profit. The ignorant, poor people were very ready to believe themselves oppressed ; that it was impossible for white people to work in that climate, espemally without cheap liquor to sustain their strength • and mere easily persuaded to raise an outcry for free trade sad slavery. Uograteful, " theY could." 16 7 1 Hewitt, " view the de si gn of the trustees in no o th er light than that of having decoyed them into misery," and "they frankly told them that nothing could prevent the colony from being totally deserted, but the same enooregement with their more fortunate neighbours in Carolina.' "But the Hig , blanders," says the same chronicler, strangely enough, imbed of joining in this applitatioo, to • man remonstrated against the introduction of staves." . . "They oonaidered perpetual slavery as shocking to human nature, and deemed the permission of it a grievance, and which, in some future day, might alno prove a scourge, and wake many feel the smart of that oppression they [the poor Engludimenj so earnestly desired to introduce." So it was also with the industrious Germans. And for twenty years the people were thus divided in two parties ; those who bad been coaxed to oome out be cause of their bravery, hardihood sod industry, forming the bulk of one- cooservative and democratic ; the speculators, traders, officeholders, and the ignorant rabble of loafer. at Savannah, who bad been sent out for charity's sake, the other —disorganising and pro.slavery. Many of the argument. of the latter were identical with those we now bear. ' They judged that the British [read American] constitution, zealous for the rights sod liberties of mankind, could not permit subjects [read citizens ], to be deprived of the common privileges of all colonists [read white men]. "That the chief came of all their calamities was the strict adherence to • chimerical and impracticable scheme" [read infidel and fanatical isms]. "The leading Men at New Inverness sod Ebenezer—tbe Scotch end Ger. man settlements—[reed Lawrence] who opposed the intro. duction of slaves, were traduced and persecuted." "The standing toast at Savannah was, ' The one thing need ful,' " meaning slavery. The churches were induced to re present it as desitable that Africans should be imported, that they might be converted to Christianity. The clergy were flattered to preach and pray for it as an institution sanctioned by the Bible. The South Carolinians constantly said all they could to increase the discours„gernent of the Georgian; and to assist them to obtain an abrogation of the promo against slaves. At length, after slava had been for some time imported and held in defiance of the law, or an evasion had been prac tised, by obtaining them from South Carolina on • life lease, the benevolent trustees, " weary of the complaints of the people," were persuaded to resign their charter. The king at once accepted it, appointed • royal governor. and removed all restrain t to slavery. these produelions necessary to sustain their lives W hat. lever else they wanted they obtained direct, or through the merchants, from England ; paying for it from the remainder of the productions' of the labour of thur slaves. The pour white people remained as before, except that the results of the labour of the industrious had to be sold in competition with that of the labour of the slaves. In Mort, the abrogation of the law was equivalent in its effect.' on the people for whose benefit the colony was founded, to what, upon honest tradesmen, would be a &ens ral granting of licenses, to those who could afford to pay enough for them, to sell stolen goods. Of course, the wealth of the land was more rapidly worked out, and there was a rapid jeerers of exports sod imports, which Eiouthern politicians sad historians cite se evidence of the benevolence of slavecy, and which Hewitt especially points to as proof that slavery had been " the one thing needful" kw the prosperity of the colony. The following picture, by a native Georgian, of what was the richest part of Georgia, when Hewitt wrote, will show at what expense this rapid increase of wealth—that is, of wealthy people sod of trade, in the colony—was ob tained. `• The clank hut occupied a lovely spot, overshadowed by majestic hickories., .towering poplars, and strung-armed oaks. The little ppllaspin on which it stood wee terminated, at the distance of shout: fifty feet from the door, by the brow of a hill, which descended rather abruptly to a noble spring, that gushed joyously forth from among the roots of a reately beech, at its foot. The stream from this fountain namely basin into view, before it bid itself in the dark shade of a geld of ease, which overspread the dale through which it flowed, and marked its windings, until it turned from eight, antes; vinenevered bills, at a distance far be yood that to which the eye could have traced it, without the help of its omegreen bait. A remark of the captain's, as we viewed this lovely country, will give the reader my apology for the muteness of the foregoing dmicription 'Those lands, said he, ' will newer wear out Where they lie level, they will be just as good, fifty years hence, se they arenow.' Forty-two years afterwards, I visited the spot on width he stood whin he made the remark. The sun poured his whole strength upon the bald bill which owe supported the sequestered school house ; many a deep washed gully met at a suety bog, where had gushed the limpd fountain : a dying willow rose from the soil which bad nourished the venerable beech ; flocks wandered among the dwarf paws, and cropped a scanty meal from the vale where tbs nee etas bad bowed and mailed to orevj WWII, and all mooed was barren, dreary, and cheerless. Until one has closely observed the operation of slavery upon the poor free people of a slave community, it is but natural to attribute their condition only to causes which, in free communities, would be considered unfavourable to the rapid accumulation of wealth. The poor people of Georgia are mostly seen dwelling upon soils naturally un fertile, or made barren by the wasteful necessity of previ ous slaveholdieg occupants • and it is customary with tra vellers, end with their more'fortunate neighbours, to attn. Lute their poverty to this circumstance. If this were the case, slavery would still be primarily re sponsible for their 000dition ; bemuse, by concentrating in one man's kends the profit. of the labour of many hands, it given him power to purchase for that labour the most pro. fitable field to be obtained for it. application, and thus drives to the least profitable the man who no use merely the results of his own personal labour. _ _ But it is a mistake to suppose that the poverty of the soil eseeritatee the poverty of tie occupants. It may account for a spares wittlement, but does not for such general idle ness or ill-paid industry as is evident among the poor whites of Georgia. There is no part of Georgia which equals, in poverty of natural agricultural reeources, Cape Cod, in Massachusetts. But there is hardly a poor woman's cow on the Cape that is not better housed and more comfortably prov ide d for than a majonty of the whit* people of Georgia. A majo rity of the people of the Caps have far better houses, better furniture, better food, sod altogether live, I have no doubt, in more comfort than the majority of even the slave-holders of Georgia. The people of the Caps have manners and cus toms, and a character peculiar to themaelves, as have the "Crackers" and " Band-killers," of Goesds. la both there is frankness, boldness, and simplicity ; but in the one It is associated with intelligence, discretion, and an ex pansion of mind, resulting from considerable education •, in the other with igeorance, improvidence, laciness, and the prejudices of narrow minds. - - • . . * It may be thought that the people of the Cape, though they ham lass agricultural elements of wealth than the Sand-biller of Georgia, have other advantages, exceeding theirs, for the pro fi table application of they industry. An examination of the facts will show the contrary to be the cam, very markedly, especially so, as regards mining and manufacturing. The inducements to a seafaring life and to fishing alone, of the Cape Cod people, perhaps exceed those of the Georgians ; but do the Georgians make any thing like a corresponding use of their facilities of the same kind? On the contrary, I found a mug of New Englanders, and probably in part Cape Cod moo, fishing in Georgia waters, salting their fish with salt made on the Cape by evaporating the waters of the same ocean that washes the coast of Georgia, and selling them to Georgia planters, to be food to Georgia &lavas. Ships are built on the Caps, from lumber procured by the Cape men from the Georgia forests ; and then, being manned by Cape seamen, are profitably employed in exporting the Georgia slave staples. Is there one Georgia built ship, manned by one native Georgia iceman ? Is there Gee Georgia faking smack? Has there lOW been a Georgia whaler? or a Georgie sealer? Never. Yet Georgia is nearer the great sealing and whaling pound, and is reefer the chief market for fish than the Cape. Why havens* Me poor Sand-hillers turned their attention to something beside' raising corn and bacon, eating clay, drinking whisk and disputing on the meaning of the Greek Barre, for ich alone they are distingnish4 seeing the small profit of these occupations ? Because, as , Marion said, they have no spirt to labour—they have no care for the future this side of heaven, to gain which they must think it was especially provided for them that no works should be neoweary—only faith and Basrracrpa —whichever that shall turn out to be. It is evidence that slaw part of the people of Georgia still have the vagrant and hopelees habits and character of Oglethorpe's first colonists, somewhat favourably modified, it is true, by the physical circumstances which have made them superior to absolute charity or legal crime, and also, perhaps, by the influence of a freely preached, though ex ceedingly degraded, form of Christianity. They are still oases and inestrainable in appetite and temper ; with Qer wseted, eccentric, sad intemperate spiritual impulses ; faith less in the value of their owe labour, and almost imbecile for personal elevation. Had OgJetborpe's democratic' designs been susmined,who believes that no better result to them would have been arrived at? Olio can, I think, with oonsfderable confidence anticipate, that though Kansas should be forced, in this second year of its settlement, to submit to the permimion of slavery, the among sentiment of a large part of the settlers against it, and the free-labour character sustained up to the present time, by so many of them, will, in a degree, restrict the evil of slavery, and insure a better character toes future peps. ration, than would be the case V, from the outset, slavery had been welcomed, and inconsiderately submitted to by all the people. it is but reasonable to suppose that during the much larger protection from, and resistance to slavery enjoyed by the first settlers of Georgia, habits of hooppeaful labour, and genuine, honest industry, had been assablished among much of its rural English, as well as retained, and more than ever cherished by the Scotch and German portion of its population. Such mu would naturally disdain, for a long time, to avail themselves of the unrequited labour of slaves • or, if using it, would be 1114/ demora li sed by its ue than o t her, , and would educate their families, not only is their own habits, but to some degree in their own sentiments of respect for labour. Being the most vigorous in body as well as in mind, the number of their descendants would be large in proportion to those of the more effeminate class. Thus, unless the after immigratioo, or other circumstances, should be very much against it, the customs, the opinions, the popular legisla tion, sad whole character of the general body politic of the state might have been expected to be greatly and favourably influenced by these early laws and these early habits and *optimists of a part of its people. This element has, of course, been greatly smothered ; yet in our own day, it is obvious to the traveller, and notorious in the stock market, that there is more life, enterprise, skill, end industry in Georgie than in any other ofithe old slave commonwealth!. But lets consider what was the effect of abrogating the lawr of freedom! It wee several yam before slaves began to be much odd ; —showing that, during the greatest clamour for them, there were very few persons who perdeallz e r m anted them. Ulti mately, however, large speculations to be made with their labour ; end, at the same time, t he richer class—as is Virginia and Carolina- oommenoed to secure for themselves, and to withdraw from the labour of the free poor, the mod available land of the country. tidy planters were attracted from South Carolina, the general immigration con tinued, and more capitalists were numbered in it. Were the poor people, or the people in general, out of those eo gageß commerce, benefited thereby ? Not at 'IL In deed of giving them fitable employment, thole capi- Wide bought slaves in large numbers, and monopolised fee theta, in a greet await, the valuable opportunities end en omiragermette to labour which the colony afforded. These slaves they obliged to obtain whatever of value the coun try wou ld p ro d uce , returning then' only the mall elute of PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS. HOUSE OF COMMONS. —llllB DAT. ORDRES OF THY DAY. Supply—committee; Ways sad Means—committee; Mer chant Shipping Acts, de., Amendment Bill—committee ; Sum. mary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Bill-611 amended to be cotuiderede Iced Sea and India Telerraph Company Bill—committee ; Great Rehab Mutual Life Assurance 21011lely—COMUlitttle thereupon ; Paws and liarboun Act Amendment Bills—coutideration of lords emendrueuts ; Burials Bill-second reading Education of Pauper Children 1101--second reading. NOTICE OP MOTIONS. Mr. SLuteT—To ask the Secretary of elate teethe Home De partment if he will introduce a clause in the Highways Bill to enforce the repairs of footpaths, being highways, across Beide and elsewhere near great towas, air F. ilareeTe—To ask the Chief Secretary for Ireland if the result of the late census of Ireland, exteoding, as in the years littl and 1861, to the population of each townland, will be pub lished during the present session. Mr. 01117Y1111—To ask the Under Secretary of !Hate for Foreign Affairs whether information has been received that the Turkish government was requiring from Abd el Nader the dismissal of his Algerian Guards, who were the means, under his command and direction, of saving peat numbers of Christian lives during the late massacres at Damascus. And whether the Millais go- vernment, who are parties to the transactions in Syria, approve of such a return being made to him for sorb services. Sir M. Fero—To ask the Secretary of State for War if he will give the opportunity of considering the report of the Defence Oommisaion, sod the evidence on which it is founded, by allowing the Interval of a week to elapse between its being in the hands of members and its discussion. Colonel Eetexaco—To ask the Secretary to the Treasury and the Chief Secretary for Ireland why certain returns and cokes lence, moved kr by him nearly two months ago. hays not been furnished. Lord KuThlo—To ask the Secretary of State for War when the Royal Commission will be issued which is to Millers into the prialt.on and prospects of the volunteer force. Mr. lows—To ask the hon. member for Tiverton whether it Is his intention to move for the re-appointment of the select committee appointed during the last session to inquire into the claims of the Heron de Bode. Sir W. HusrecoTe—Oxford University—Bill to extend the power of tasking statutes, and to make further provision for the administration of justice iu the court of the Vice-ChanceLlor of the University of Oxford. Mr. H. B. 86gAIDAN—Navy (Pursers)—Coples of minute of Ad miralty Order in Connell, dated the 3rd day of February, 1834, altering the orm-eighth allowed for waste to pursers, in peeling Weir accounts, to out-tenth. And, of Minute of the 13th day of April, 1838, increasing the half-per of miners to its present amount. Colonel Seems—East India—Address for copy of the despatch of the Court of Directors of the Honourable hest India Company to the government of India, dated the 111th day of November, 1837, Mr. M Ifltten—Natal—Address for copy of any despatches from the governor of Natal, transmitting the report of the select committee of the Legislative Council relative to tribal titles to land ; the petition of the Legislative Council for the recall of the governor ; and the resolution of the Council raising the salary of future governors from 1,2001 to 3,0001. per annum. Mr. C. BlinetitlClL —Public Records—Address for copies of the correspondence between the Master of the Rolls •as Keeper of the Records), the Treasury, and other government 4lepartmeuts , relative to the Public Record Repository and the houses on the • Rolls Estate in Chancery lane, from the let day of January, 1866, to the present time ; of the correspondence between the , Master of the Rolls and the (dace of Works relative to the State ' Paper Moe, Victoria Tower, and Chapter-house, in the years 1860, 1861, and 1862 ; eudaccount of the sums expended in fitting up and repairing the houses in Chancery-lane for the reception of government records and documents, and the annual amount arrests formerly received for the same houses. I Mr. VANIUTTART—East India (Covenanted Civilians)—Address for copy of the memorials of her Majesty's covenanted eivillens in India, preying for the redress of certain grievances. Mr. CeswroaD—Canada (Haitian, de.. Railway) —That there be added to the return relative to Canada (Halifax, Ac., Rail way), addressed for on the Ilth day of April last, copy or ac of any despatches from the governors of those colonies on the samo subject, and of any answers which may have been gives conveying the decision of her Majesty's government. On ping into Coinmittee of Supply, Mr. W. EWART'—To call attention to Captain Jackson's rzorts on the importance of establishing soldiers Institutes at der shot and Portsmouth ; and to inquire whether en early oppor tunity will be taken of carrying his recommendations into effect. Mr. FiteiLtNie—To ask whether any information has been received tress any of her Majesty's diplomatic or consider agents in Italy or Austria as to the present state and proposed increase of taxatiou In Venetia • and whether her Majesty's government would have any objection to ley such luforruution, tinny, upon the tattle of the house. Colonel Meet —To ask the Secretary of State for War whether there are any troops lu China not included in the num bers in the estimate or estimated for; and whether, if there be any troops in China, those troops receive the Indian pay and . allowances. Mr. MAGulag —To call attention to the fact that several deaths from Maryellen have occurred recently in Ireland ; to ask whe ther the government have received odicial information of such cases having occurred: and if so, whether they have taken, or ere about to take. any steps in consequence ; also, whether they , have any objection to lay upon the table all the reports, comma nicatious, and correspondence in reference to such cases. Mr. sew-urn—To none address for copy of the resolutions of the Governor General of India in Council, promulgated in 00- Hell, and of the papers and minutes on which these rem halloos were framed, the first authorising the sale of waste lands In perpetuity, and the second permitting the redemption of the land revenues in certain aces; and to call the attention of the house to the presumed importance of these measures on the colo- , ideation, and to their bearing on the development of the re sources, of our Indian empire. Colonel Faagett—To call the attention of the Secretary of State for War, and of the Secretary to the Treasury, as to feti shist allowances granted to barrack masters. Colonel !teem—To ask the Under Secretary of State far Foreign Affairs whether, as the military defence of the Tartar city of Shanghai has been ordered by her Majesty's government, and feint expeditions of French, english, and Tatars appear to have recently taken place against the Tuning , . pro vision has been made to prevent the Tartar civil governor n Toutee of Shanghai from executing prisoners taken in cuoSict with the Taepings. Mr. Belernme —To put a question to the Secretary of State for War, and to the Secretary to the Admiralty, on the subject of the new fort ordered to be constructed in Plymouth Sound. Colonel W. Pl./TM—To rail the attentimi of the President of the Poor-law Beard to the present state of the cotton =nuke taring rikissek ; and to ask him whether tt Is the intention of Ibe co rjnomat to take any steps in relation thereto. Meeker—To call the attention of the Secretary of State f acer War to tila acColliModalion it the militia during the period of training. MAY 2, 1862. erne, and he should be reedy to see any secrifice mode rather than permit the Board of Works to make this street. Some observatioas were made by other members of th e a mmo the like effect, and upon the motion of Mr . Yonso it Pas agreed that the cousideratoon of the subject should be postponed. The other psrtions of the report were agreed to, and the war t thee ao.road after sitting for more than four hours. REGIST.R4R-01.NRR4VE QUARTERLY RETURN• The quarterly .return of the marriages, births, and deaths regiaterai in the divisions, counties, and dis tricts of England, by • uthority of the Registrar-General, comprises the births seal deaths registered by 2,190 ma kar,, i n all the districts el England during the winter quer tar that ended on March 31, 1862; and the marriages in 12,550 churches or chapels, about 4,572 registered places of worship unconnected with we established church, sad 635 superintendent registrars' offices, in the quarter that ended on Dec. 31, 1861. The marriage-rate, which had been low in the nine months of 1861, nontinued rather low in the = g Du ter of the year. The births were timorous in the first quarter of the present year, as they had been in 1861; and the rat* of mortality , which was comparetively low ia the Let two years, was nut high in the first quarter of the pre sent year. The marriage-rate in 1861, and the increase of pauperism in the same period, concur to indicate • ISM prosperous state of trade and industry in the community ; but physical causes, and improvement in sanitary condition, appear to have exercised • favourable influence on the pub lic health. Marriages : The number of persons married in the De cember quarter of last year was 96,972; the total number in the year was 127,490. The marriage-rate of the quarter was 1.904 against an average of 1.99 ; the marriage -rate of the year was 1.628 against 1.684. In London the marriages in the quarter were 7,328 ; in north-western counties (Cheshire and Lancashire), which contain • rather larger population than London, the number was 7,092. While the metropolis maintained its mar riages, as compared with them of the corresponding quarter of 1860, Lancashire reported • considerable decrease, for io the two corresponding quarters the numbers in that county were respectively 6,635 and 6,083. It was stated in • registrar's report from Lancashire, made at the end of hat year, that " the demand fur labour in the coattail factorise and the market generally had been fully • third below the average.* The midland counties and Yorkshire also ex hibited • decrease iu marriage& To take a few towns for examples of decrease. In Man chester marriages declined from 1,285 in the last quarter of 1860 to 1,151 in that of 1861 ; in Ashton from 342 to 2:1 ; in Blackburn from 412 to 281 ; in Preston from 356 to 254 ; in Stockport from 332 to 218 ; in Bradford from 575 to 483; in Sheffield from 601 to 471 ; in Nottingham from 262 to 210. The marriages of all Enabled declined, but in some pleats there was an increase. In the district of St. George, Hano ver-square, they rose from 233 to 290 ; in Wakefield from 117 to 141 ; in Tynemouth from 146 to la Births: The total number of births in the first three months of this year was 182,005 ; in the same period of lest year it was 173,170. The birth-rate, 3.644, was higher than in any of the years 1852-61, with the exception of 1860 ; the average rate is 3.588. The exoess of births over deaths constitutes a natural increase of the population. This excess in the quarter was 59,813, which is equal to • daily avenge of 665. In the first three months of this year the total number of emigrants who sailed from ports in the United Kingdom j where there are government emigration of6oere was 15,159, of which 5,197 were piteous of English, and about 8,000 of Irish origin. English emigrants left these shores at the rate of 58 daily. About two-thirds of the English went to the Australian colonise.* The emigration to the Australian colonies which had hem . much mimed, as well as the emigration to all porta, exhibits some appearance of revival, while that to the . United States continues rapidly to decline. In the quarter that ended 21st March, emigrants (English, Sootch, Dish, and foreign) to the Australian colonies were 4,411 in , 1860, 3,227 in 1861, and 6,3222 in the present year ; to the I United States there wait in the LIMO periods 15,117, 12,156, and 7,210. The last number forms not more than the sixth or seventh part of the emigration to the same part of the world ten ran ago. The average prim of wheat per quarter was 60a. ; it was higher than it had been in any quarter since 1856. In the March wafter of 1860 and 1861 the price was 445. 541. and 55a. Id. Potatoes were not cheap ; they were on an average 142 a. 6d. per ton. Beef was at the same price as in the same period of last year ; mutton was • penny per pound dearer. j The mean temperature of the air at Greenwich for the three months was 411 deg. (which was also the temperature of February) •it was aeg. above the average of 21 years. The mean temperature of each month was above the average ; the highest temperature recorded was obtained at . Bournemouth, um Poole, where the thermometer reached yo deg. in March the lowest was registered at Holkliam ; it was 11'8 deg., and occurred in March. The total number of deaths registered in the quarter was 122,192 ; ft was not so great ea in the same quarter of 1660, when the number was 1r.2,617. London returned j 18,403 deaths; Lancashire, which has • population leas by upwards of three hundre d thousand persona, returned 14,652. If the rate of mortality had been the same in . Lancashire that it was in London the deaths in Huai ' county would have been about 16,000 . The rate of morality was lowest in the South Eudora Counties, which include Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, and the extra-metropolitan parte of Surrey and Kent ; and in the South-Western which include Wiltakirs, Doreetahlre, Devonshire, Conwall, and Somersetahire • it was higher in Ithe Eastem i and North and South iidland divisions 1 , higher still n the West Midland. The highest rates of j mortality prevailed in Yorkshire, the Northern Counties, Monmouthshire and Wales ; in London • and In the I north western division, which include* Cheju,* and Lanca shire. The last-mentioned division is unfavourably distin guished above all the rest. The rate of mortality in England and Wales in the quarter was 2447 per cent.; the average being 2489. It ranged in the March quarter of the previous ten years from 2.2 to 211._ . . . In the districts that comprise the chief towns, the rate of mortality was 2'691 per cent. against an average of 2109. In those that consist chiefly of email towns and oora parishes the rate was 2'209, against an average of The country was not only favounibly distinguished from ; town by having a rate of mortality which was lower by five deaths in each thousand of the population ; it also ap pears to have attained a higher degree of salubrity as com pared with that which had been experienced in the winters of former years. The quarter for which the present return is made was at least as healthy as the same period in 1861, and more healthy than that of 1860. Taken as • whole the season was warm, and " the wet," which is so much the subject of complaint in the bond reports, was probably an evil that was not without its wholesome mixture of good. But L.ncaahire, as has already been mentioned in general terms, has tended to darken the aspect of returns which viewed in the aggregate are not unfavourable. In the last three corresponding quarters the deaths in that county considerably increased ; they were in the tint 16,024, in the meet 17,412, and in the .arch quarter of the present year 18,652. (H 26 districts of which Lancashire consists, there was in 21 an increase of the deaths now returned over those of the March quarter of 1860 ; and in 16 an increase over those of the same quarter of 1861. Is Leigh the deaths in the three corresponding quarters were successively 273, 274, and 339 ; in Bury 591, 695, and 801; in Salford 706, 63'2, and 818 ; in Oldham 692, 809. and 893; in lieslingden 400, 422, and 491; in Burnley 50114 531, and 603 ; In Blackburn 727, 850, and 996 ; in Preston 823 , 877 , and 887 • and in Manchester 1,760, 1,774, mad 2,313. In Stockport the deaths in the same periods were 651, 588, and 711. The registrars in certain district. refer the increased mor tality which these figures too plainly reveal to scarlatina, measles, bronchitis, and pneumonia, which had been preva leet ; and by some of them an opinion, which there is reason to fear may be too well founded, appears to be entertained that those complaints had found an active ally in the poverty and want which many of the unemployed thou mods now suffer in the great seats of miumfacture. Facts have been adduced to prove that in instences of great de pression of trade like that which niceotly occurred in Lloventry the mortality of children is reduced in consequence of the due amount of maternal care being bestowed on j th em which in more prosperous times is withdrawn by the importunate requisition of factory labour. This is within limits. Nursing in straitened circumstances may be better for children than fulness of good cheer without it ; but when hard times are prolonged, and the small store that had been gathered in the day of full work is exhausted, the greatest amount of parental attention willed, expel physical decline, sickness, or death SAW, from the dwelling. TIM POLITICAL FUTURE OP TEE' UNITED STATES. The Difiats publishes an article of some length, in which it declares that the turn lately taken by events in America is such that the approaching dispersion of the Southern armies may be anticipated, and the occupation by the Federal forces of all the important cities in the Slave States be certainly looked for. The Southern% the writer stye, may possibly pin some advantages, and even prolong the straggle, but the ultimate result will be the recovered ascendancy of the North. The object of the article, however, does not appear to be so math to pro phecy the changes which may take place, as to point to the fact that the constitution of the United States has during the late conflict been violated in so many !instances that ate revision will in all probability be deemed a necessity. The concluding portion of the arti cle will give an idea of the writer's views. lie says " The constitatim of the Uaited States km had a greet mis fortune. In the struggle between the North and the South it has been acted spinet by the President in many of its principal enaetmeate, and that with the sanction, or at least the tacit consent. of the North. The President inr fringed it when he negotiated certain loans, when, of his own private authority, he called oat the mihtia ; for the COOgreel aloes has the power to bomow mosey, and to call the militia under arms. He transgressed it in the mad offensive meaner, when, in certain locelitiee, as at Baltimore, be suspended the habeas corpus act, by ...teeing the arrest and ppreeeventive imprisonment of several persons. All these deviations from the constitution have been ordered by him, certainly not bemuse he aimed at assuming a diothtmehip, bat because he thought himself under the preemie of an imperious necessity ; he deemed it the only way of saving the Federal government. The con stitution of the Usher' States bee therefore been exposed to more than ono inroad during the last few months. These infringements of the law bare not given any offence in the North, becalm the greatobject of the North was to put down the South. No bill of indemnity has been obtained, because none has been demanded. Is that any proof that the con stitution remains entire'.' Alas, no ! On the contrary, it is a proof that natter the circumstances in which the country is now placed the constitution has owned to be in harmony with the slats of men's minds, and that public passion holds it of small account. One might thus be led to infer that ite career will sot be long. For to be durable • constitution must have retained its virgin purity, and be surrounded with the jealous and watchful respect of public opinion. The United Suttee seem therefore irresistibly compelled to modify their political organisation ; whilst people in Europe, where centralisation has been carried to an abusive extreme, are rigidly bent on decentralising, North America appoirs destined to make rapid advances towards centralieation- He would be • bold prophet who should attempt to fore tell what forms and rules of government will prevail in North America Kea years hence ; but there would be no great risk in saying that the will not be the forms and rule* of 1788 or of 1916. St let would he be exposed to be contradicted by the event who should prognosticate that North America will none the less be a power of the first order, and probably permed of grater military resources than at any previous epoch." The Southern News , Invercargill, New Zealand, of January 18, says :—" The splendid clipper ship Samoan may be expected at the Bluff some day this week, with 4000 Leicester and Lincoln sheep, for the Seaward Downs &tate. This ouv is by far the moat valuable ever im ported teeny of these ookitiee, beteg worth at least 20,0801. Another ship, the Young America, may be expected next mouth, with same number and equal quality of sheep. They have been shipped with the usual proportion of Tams and ewes, so that they will be bred pure. It is intended that the surplus stock shall be sold to farmers, who will tad sheep at these breeds much more profitable this cattle." 1 a ei 11 •r• he .h. he he .he