The Express. — London, England, 1859-10-26 00:00:00

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SZ% NAO. /WINN ; Oft C. lisitswa rasioarra Tots 'venue. 111•111 LIT. IL G. M ta. pat. II•olann. ()Mirk ad IL Wm: Ms QOM' Learnt= 764.e.—A,11 Lolrd tOrtUal. Lean [aka. aril Mr OVINAIS laisesv FIT JAI IMO/ Tim I'm'.. yawls 10TH TO OLAME. Moms. WO 1 1 , - and Parma; lam F. liikreires, Illinac—Mll4llo TOYS. Lrlta ?hemmer—A ad TIOOINIVI: or. The Trba• of • hod H,. V. Muth... Clan/. Ore,/ Arla—Os 60. *RITA M•l4 Tae. Erma.. AY 810/11 OW TIMM :Q. 11r WWI ea 010 goad. X I.4IIaLLA; or. Tao Una Oloa Moo z. lly ply, n. M. laao.—Aad X RIIY THE PILAU. DITI/L llamaaadU. gm; Na IL. Taraold. 11011 WATIN AT LONDON BRIMS. ■ Day—liwohme. I th...-- --Mimosa. t le. .exao.—Nonoks. L. 2 1.--......ati0ram0, 2 . plc. LONDON. WEDNESDAY, OCT. 26. Tart Spanish Government has now finally taken ita resolution to prosecute • gratuitous and inde fensible war with Morocco, for which it is preparing on the scale of a new Moorish crusade. It does not pretend that these hostilities have any adequate foundation, and its significant silence leads to the conclusion that it is the organ and the instrument of a more powerful Government than itself. There appears to be more than a collu sive understanding between France and Spain on this *abject; and the British Government, whose Medi terranean interests are involved in any war of terri torial aggrandisement along the Straits of Gibraltar, Bads itself in the alternative either of calmly watch. lag the progress of the Spanish arms, or of forcibly intervening between the belligerents, now that its representations have been set at defiance. Such • state of things obviously leads to a disoord which the critical condition of the luslian question renders the more anfortanate. The great source of distrust in the war thus undertaken with Morocco is its frivolous and factitious origin. If hostilities were commenced with fair grounds for their prosecution, although this country might still view the proximity of their theatre to the Straits of Gibraltar with dislike, it would be reassured in respect of the apparent good faith with which such a war would, in that ease, be commenced. If there were grievance' which the Government of Morocco refused to redress, or if a reasonable demand h►d been made which that Go vernment had reflood to entertain, then Spelt' would be untitled to credit for going to war, simply for the sake of her own honour, and the security of her African enttlement, With such substantial and intelligible grounds for hostilities Spain would have been entitled to the assumption that she coveted nothing beyond the ob jects for which the wee was declared. But how stands the ease in point of fact ? Spain has not only assumed war gratuitously, but she has done so with a predetermination and hod faith which re minds us of the successive demands by which the elder flotetrtitez contrived to expel the House of BRAGANZA from Lisbon. The Spanish Government has sent the Government of Morocco three succes sive ultimatums, by each of which the former Govern ment would of course be bound, Willey were accepted by the latter. The first ultimatum was sent from Madrid in obvious r xpect - ition of its rejection ; but to the disappointment of O'Doexect, it was accepted by tto Government of Morocco--and its acceptance obviously closed the dispute. Deprived thus of a ....e belli, what doss O'Doeiram. do f He sands new demands, forming a second ultimatum epee the same case. Well , the Emperor of MOROCCO does not wish for hostilities, and he concede, even the second demand, which had been pat forward is this extraordinary exhibition of bad faith. Then O'ltoeett.t, euraged with the temporising and ser vility of the Emperor of Morocco, assess a third ulti matum which he knows perfectly well that no Mahe meta° Emperor could concede sad still cm:alone to reign. War became from the issuing of that last ulti matum a jsit accompli. It la thus that the Spanish Government hes brought about its gratuitous cru sade against the Moorish dominions in Africa. What, then, are to be the results of this war ? It is not a war to be bounded by its defined objects for it has no such objects. It is consequently a war ef aggression, and the extent of the agrarian is only to be measured by the force of repression by which such &Government as our own may restrain its seeps and extent. The Spanish Government, ia their last ultimatum. demand ten miles of the Moorish coast around Cents, and opposite Gibraltar. Probably, even if this demand had been complied with, they would have sent a fourth ultimatum, and have de manded twenty. It is pretty clear t►at their demand before the war being what we have just seen, their demands after the war will be all the territory that force of arms can wrest from the Emperor of MOROCCO, and possibly the whole coast from Cants to Mogador. This would give them the virtual command of the Straits of Gibraltar, which are scarcely more than 12 mile, wide, while the currents, the soundings, and the length of modern cannon shot would give the possessors of both coasts an advantage which oar possession of the solitary rock could hardly countervail. Such an advantage in the hands of Spain would be virtually an advantage in the hands of France for if l'aris can control Madrid, Paris can thereby rule in a Spanish Morocco, and thus avoid for the present the coarse expedient of an ir,detinite extension of her own Algerian dominion,. The Spanish Government, meanwhile,announces with a brazen effrontery that it is going to war without a grievance, and hardly blinks the feet that it is opening a career of coequal'. It is oar duty to act certainly with care and forethought, sad it may Weems oar duty to act also with vigour. Et t Court. WINDSOR CASTLE, OCT. MIL The following visitors arrived at the Clothe yew. leaky aftersoon —Counter Blarrar, the Earl at Iles. Visr3ast Sydney, sad the C. P. VAN'. Tao royal draw party la the 0# 5( We-ided the Pria ass Jake, Caked Warr, cemonews Wiese Sid Batts lan Orearbar Ormia sad lb. wirier Maybe to the Castle. The bend o f deist Lak Owe playa deeles Mow : 'dem IL lN kftlam l 7 . . ?soma.. ••••nalr • Br Majesty's rhos bead albrnrdsperfors•si m the drartad.n.am Ile !ellewtog gime: Ovazars. " ilatostabl roes . Cavazos." la Pon I I lalable" ?be Quint, aceempaied by Princess Alice, walked in the Some Park ibis nensits. The Prime Corset presided at a meetins etthe Council of the llorticalturel Society, held at the Castle at three o'clock b-day. There were prom* Lewd Dade, Mr. I. J. Steady, Mr. Wentworth Dike, Celaasl Chelleunr, Dr. Lindley, Mr. Waal' &ander,. Mr. Oedema, Mr. J. 8,. Scott, Mr. Bohn, Mr. Veltrh, end Mr. Edmonds. The Eel of Elva quitted Wisdom la the 117111110011. A deputation respecting the mine ad einithisid market, essideting of Mr. Henn Lowman Taylor (eledrenen), Mr. Degety Harrison. Mr. Da foram Mr. Bast Mr. Lawler. the City Roeserobrasorr. the City Winter and the Arcbt- Ism, had an interview with Mr G. C. Legiln M the Kolar ellen on Monday. Gem the Cknereare of Hoag Long, Ceylon, end _ sod inn Mr Lord High Camirloaser of the balm isleshe, wen nand yesterday at the Coionial ellen (FROM LART NIGHT'S GAZIITTIL) WIND• 01, Oct, 22.—1 t is this day ordered by her Majesty In Council, that the parliament, which stands pro rogued to Thureday, ties 27th day of October iastast, be Wit. prsragnad to Thursday, the 16th day cd Dorzaber ant — Loth CitAxamAires OFFICE, OCT. 24.—Notice Is hereby glees, that the ...t. epartmetto of William Castle sal be eland, after lrlday mat, the Mk lastest, until further eders. Foitioli-omce.,Anorre 16.—TheQum has been *seed to appoint anahan John David Hay Silk. to. Esq., ree i rl ia y n oty'a Consul at M. FORTION-OMCE, OCT. 21.—The Queen has been gnieloooly planed to append the Hon. Williams Govan COM. wenn Eliot, now &armory to her Majesty's Leintloa at Rio de Janeiro, to be &emery to bee Meieely'• Legetien Athena. THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26. ice.?. FRANCE. Our usual Paris lotto, had not arrived when war went to press. TEE PRINCE OP Willa AT OXFORD. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales hue now ben at the Velversity • week, sad he may be considered to have fairly entered upon his career se an 0101111110. Hie moieties seems to be to conform to all the rules of W college, end to conduit Mcseall in nearly ell respects like Its ordinary members. He has Ma a regular attendant at each of the lectures as have yet taken place, though the Mrs being yet co young, most of the proems' only begin their labours In the come of the present week ; and so far, unlike meat' of hie lees illeattiout coherent", he Ma " mad hie dm," by being at chapel punctually at eight o'clock every mooning . One Memos nude is his favour le that lasted of occupy* rooms In college, the prime is allowed to keep op a residence in the city, a privi lege that is mese mended to any but royal undergradesten When the late Mama of Waterford wee at Christ Chureli (the prime's /Mrs later) he made great effort' to seem a sindir momien, bat In vain ; and ordinary under passes,' ere rested ems to be allowed to take lodgings act of the College until they have metrlettlated at least me tam. Aey day the pries may be Been welkiag Mug the streets to hie cap and gone, almost mattended, or strolling In the quadrilles of Christ Church with his brether undergraduates, among whom he Is very popular; end he seems equally disposed to submit to college and to bear his share M college sports. He teem Inclined too to give his patronage to city anterminz mac Mr. Charlie Dickens gave readings et the Town-hall on Monday and yesterday evening., and at the Brat reading (" The Chrienitse Carol" and "The Trial from Pickwick") the prince and Ida suite were present. On his attelning his 18th year on the 9th proximo, the event •it be celebrated in Oxford with greet Maiday. The prince will remain at Oxford for aim month., sad Wm hi departure the beautiful new museum In the parka will be opened by the Queen In perm. In the Ism week the commemoration will be held, Than his royal highness will probably be admitted to the honorary degree of D.C.L. His Excellency flee Turkish Arnbanador and Madam Maim as and teeny grainier"' lo tows to-day from et. Leassrds. Hie Fans'tansy the Austrian Minister arrived at Chandoa Hons. on Monday evening, from visiting the Mar• qui. and Marchioness of &Rebury at ilstfisld. - The Doke and Duchess of iticbtuo;clsre expected ft town ft a taw dip from &amid. The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby have loft the Bt. Georges Hotel for Brighton. The Eul and Counteee of Abergavenny have left Biding Manor for &Ng. Castle, Kent. The Eml of Winchilees has .left the St. Georges Hotel. The Kul of Kilmorey hu left the St. George's Hotel. Lord Putman has arrived at Brechin Castle for des minerr from I nvermark, hie lordabip's shooting quarter In the not th. Lard and Lady Wodehouse have arrived at their 'vodance in Brfonotone-square, from Kimberley Perk. Norfolk. The Right Hon. the Speaker and Lady Charlotte Denison ham arrivsd at °mentos Hall, Notts, from Long well, the Duke of Portland's shooting box In Caithness shim Te. Right Yon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs. imbed ere eseertensier • seat circle at Wilton, tnelud- Igo his EzoeUseey the Belgian Minister a•d Madams Can a, worn., the mitt Hoe. Sir George and Lady Grog, tb• Wu Bee. ar George C. Lewis, General Gtr E. Laggard!, Coat Stealer:hi, Hon. Geo. H. C. and Lady Alias Bysg, fin Bight Hen. 3. sad Hoe. Mr.. druid %rum he. Sir W. Hyloss lolliffe, M.P., qualified at the queer ssidese Maim Well, last week to act as • magistrate fw Noweensinhiw. TIN right Loa. kismet sobsolosnily AAA Per: for tCnowary, cat • visit to the Earl of Derby. We (Brighton Guardian) have much pleasure in anagesnaing the knowing subscriptions forwarded by Bir PM& Geldinsid—via To the South Dews Ileande. Ib.;SIL M the Brighton barriers, NI. The "meets" os the Downs attract • large number of viettors ditt;eg oar 'rioter amen, sad the later/et evinced by the hon. baronet In the efficiency of our looil hunting eatabliehments is a eatbetantiel service to the town of Brighton and WI i:Cillity. The Secretary to the Brighton Mechanics' Inati tate has received a letter from the learned recorder, of which the Wog* is • espy :—`. Sir.—So little interest wee felt is the eimpethies isr the prism lest year that I era not inclined to anew them. I mutably should not give say =leo twenty competition for sea prize were guaranteed. I re main, Zawin haw. Sept. 24, 1869," • . liS BTILPHINIDONS, FATIISI MOD Bor,-Bir Jeep& Nitre. Mitt. from Mime, to a content —" I have Jest seen, in your paper of the 17th inst., that a 7se satiates. bows greeted pertaissios to Uttar the romans of Um bite Robert Stephenson in AVestruiseter Abbey. Although the modesty which was m charamenotic of him would, I am stare, harm her content with • rooting• piece at Chestardrld along with his great father, I ma pled th.t Being honours will be paid to one who, without Weidner' &Wartime or comparisons, rosy perh.ps be called the greatest among hie contempo meet in the engineering world. It foetus to me, however, that to huouriag the me, the father, who was praersisestly the ontbor of the locomotive system, ought not to be for , gotten, hut that hie rvmains should be removed from the ~iniparative obscurity in which they ar e n o w plmd to rstotitiofe Abby, Sad that a suitable rimmunent should ho en-mod there in isento.y of the father and lon, to whom England end the world are so much indebted. no reamed if the rOollllllln of the cider Staphasson wan mentioned to we by s ome of his old sasodates not very long ago, although without sty anticipatiou of the sad ergot ebb b appear. to make this a proper occasion to tiring the matter under public notice. If yon, sir , sod the public ague with me in thinking ouch • step desirable, I sot NM the authorities will gladly eve Met, raiment to the =me rely srmagemento; sad the (naiads and admirers of the two Saephessioss will sot be wanton( in [Mir oontnnutions. An • turiefloatioe for patting myself h•rmird in she molter, I beg to add that I wea as Ultimate irked of eh. lets George Stephen's, mad that I ale' enjoyed the frionsimip a ki s son, whom, iodine% • ohm liaw hefore his foal ahem I had arraopid to Yong la • Putney *tough Egypt nest spoilt." LATEST INTELLIGShiCE. ?RANCH. PARIS, wirersinir. The Mmitcur of this morning says The letter which appeared yesterday in the Bidets, ad dressed to I'ope Gregory XVI., mud the authorrhip of which has been attributed to the Empror, wee written by the brother of his Majesty, who died at Foeli in 1831." PARIS, Orr. 25. The Imperial Court will leave for Compiegne oo the 31st inst. The Duke de Psdoue has returned to Paris, and will resume his official datiee at the end of the month. General Bedean and Dr. Laneedat have availed themselves of the amnesty and ntarned to France. MARSEILLES, Ocr. 2,5. Her Majesty the Queen of Holland arrived hers yesterday, hoot Nimes, en route for Nice. ITALY. ROME, Orr. $2 (et. Msassixxxs). The interview between his Holiness the Pope and his Majesty the King of Naples has bean adjourns L His Holiness has despatched an English prelate, named Talbot, to the Court of Naples, in order to ex plain the cause of the adjournment of the interview. The official Giornale di Roma confirms the arrest of the Bishop of Rimini. Many priests have quitted the country in the neighbourhood of the Romagna on account of the intriguer of emissaries, and in fear of disturbances. Conferences have been held between the Pope and the Due de Orammont, on the subject of which com plete secrecy was observed ; but it is stated that the ordonnances for graating administrative reforms are now ready, sad will shortly be made public. LOMBARDY. VENICE, Orr. 26. The governor has left for Vienna to confer with the government on the affairs of Venetia. Tie outposts &tattooist on the frontiers will shortly be increesed. The portions of territory occupied by the Pied montage troops hays nearly an been evacuated. It is expected that reforms in the administration of the police will shortly take place. NAPLES. tinPl.l3B, °cr. 22 (viA IlLassimirs). A banquet has been given by the King to M. de Roquet, who is charged with a mission from the French Government to the Court of Naples. All the Royal Prinoes and Ministers were present. The military enrolments continue. Four Neapolitan frigates oontinue to amiss round the coast, in anticipation of any hostile movements by General Garibaldi. The King has inspected the troops and the dif ferent forts. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, Ocr. 25. The Oesierreiellisehe Correspondent, of this evening, contradicts most strongly the rumours afloat respecting the retirement of several members of the Cabinet on account of a difference of opinion said to exist among the Ministers on several im portant questions which have occupied government lately. No each difference does exist, and there fore no change of the leading principles of govern ment will take place. THE FRENCH FUNDS. PAHL% TOICIDAT, 12 x. The market opens Sens Nantes an quoted 89.30. 12.16 e.o. Rent.. have receded to 69.20. Tendeneilassflna , bat animated. 3.25 P.W. An improvement has taken place, and Renteeclose . at 89.43, shoeing an advance of nearly since yer Mrday. CALCUTTA. CALCUTTA, SEPT. 23. A meeting of the inhabitants has taken place here to protest ag►inst the Licensing Bill, and to petition Parliament to establish local representative Councils in India. Government securities unaltered, with a down ward tendency. Exchange on London, Id. ruing. Imports pretty active ; prices steady. Exports lively. Cotton, 86k per candy ; western, 80 per candy. Indigo, active ; No. 5, 47 te 61 per maned; mid dling and common, 37 to 60 pFr =Lund. 81;gar.—Stock accumulating, 28 to 30 per candy. Rios unaltered. Freights receded : bad weight, 161. to 26a.; oftwuremsnt, 30s. to 33a. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. MX. DAYS LATER THAN THE DEPARTURE OP THE HAIL PROM CALCUTTA. CALCUTTA, Sum 29. Imports dull. Exchange on London, 2s. Old. to 26. Old. Government securities improving. COLOMBO, Seri.. 30. Coffee.—Crop of 1859 clamed, 684,562 cwt. Trade del. THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. PLYMOUTH, WRIMIZSDLT. The mail steamer Norman, Captain Boxer, arrived this morning with the Mails from the Cape of Good Hope. She brings 20 passengers, and a foil cargo of wine, hides, dm. The Phlobe arrived out on the 10th of September. AU wu (inlet at the Cape, and bovinees was brivk. Parliament is prorogued till the 18th of Novem ber. The cash balances in the Caps banks are very low in the frontier discount is 8 per cent. The Government called for 80,0001. debentures by the 30th of September. The Customs duties for August were nearly 24,0001. The first locomotive engine wee landed on the 14th of September. The Spectacle Mining Company intend to con tinue operations. Great depredations are committed by discharged Hadir servants. The smell-pox prevails among the coloured pope ktion at Port Elizabeth, and the chief of the Dutch Reformed Church at Hope Town does not administer the Sacrament, fearing that the infection may be diaseminated as the cup pares from month to mouth. Letters received from the squadron in China state that the crews of the varioua ohips are suffering severely from ophthalmia. The Chmapaske be said to have 200 cm her sick list from this mum alone, sad we of the vessels Is sawed se having the whole of her crew without ezoeptioa sufferiag from tie wee muse. Admiral 11, pe is stated to be recoveeing W health, but unable to wove rectos hie cabin, and has to be wiled erbesever it is netmwary to do em THE PAPAL STATES. (11011 01. It tI'ECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) FORLI, Ocr. 19. This morning a rumour wu suddenly spread in the town that the Swiss intended to attack the Leg.►tion in the course of the day. I soon made some inquiries in well-informed quarters, and I have been told that some persons had really brought this news whilst Garibaldi was here, last night, but up to this moment nothing of the kind has occurred at La Catblica. Garibaldi started for Rimini immediately with a part of hie staff, in order to give the necessary orders. I think, however, that the Swiss will not stir from their position, for they know that they would get the worst of it. The combined forces of Generals Mez recap° and Roselli already number 12,000 good fighting men, with 20 field pieces of artillery, and two squadrons of light cavalry. The morale of these troops, I have been told, cannot bebetter, for they are panting for the day of battle. I have been myself the witness of a fact which proves beyond any reasonable doubt the ardour of this population for the cause they have undertaken. Yesterday a de mand for volunteers was posted up in the streets of Forli. It was signed by a Major Lincisa, who has been ordered by Garibaldi to organise a new baths, lion of sharpshooters, to be called Bersaglieri Romsgnoli. In lass than three hours 174 volunteers were enlisted, and the half of them belonged to the town. In spite of these fach, the reactionary piety which has been organised by some fanatic priests is busy at work, both in the towns and in the country. The day before yesterday four priests were arrested at Carlene Morciano, a small mountain village of this province. They were secretly conspiring against the government of Bologna, being under the impres sion that a new and general vote would be ordered by the European congress in the Legations. They had already formed a skilful plan, which, if carried out with success, would, in their opinion, have insured here the triumph of the Papal govern ment. Of course the confessional and excommanica- Lion were the means they would have resorted to, bad not the vigilance of the authorities frustrated their plans. Tile priests were sent to Bologna under a safe escort of Carabinieri, a proceeding which will, no doubt, have the effect of cooling the ardour of their not numerous adherents. To say the truth, it is not this powerless party which gives most trouble to the liberal government of the Legations. There are in the Romagna', and especially at Gegen', the remains of those secret societies which, driven to despair by papal legates and cardinals, sought to revenge numberless wrongs by their merciless dag pre. Their members, who, happily, are not numer ous, think the present government too moderate, and are a continual cause of alarm to the patriots of this country. I have been told that some of the chiefs of these associations were arrested on Friday night at Cessna, so that the danger has been, at least for the present, removed by the energetic measures adopted by the Intendente of this province. If diplomacy has really at heart the future happi ness of Central Italy, it can do nothing better than remove all danger of Papal restoration. Even supposing that the Court of Rome would at last accept the prin ciple@ which were laid down in the famous letter to Edgar Ney, the restoration of the authority of hie Holiness, with constitutional limitations, will never satisfy the just wishes of these pops. lations. Since my arrival here I have spoken with men of all classes, and I am convinced that, happen what may, the Legations can never be brought back into obedience to the Holy See. The hatred the people of this country have long cherished against their former rulers is so great, so unanimous, that Europe will undoubtedly witness a dreadful scene of blood should she be unwise enough to sup port Pio IX. in his claims. This is not merely a political question ; it is one fraught with dangers to public morality and humanity, to avert which eves imperial promises and papal pretensions should be sacrificed. BELGIUM. Li Nord has the following remarks on a et" which it intimates is not a singular one, of the re fusel of burial rites by the catholic clergy to a pen= of known liberal opinions: The catholic clergy have jut recommenced at Namur the practical application of • doctrine, the profound illegality of which we have several times had to demonstrate. The jour nals of that city bring us an scorant of the funeral, attended by the whole of the inhabitants, of one of the most esteemed men of the place., Dr. Defoe:, snddealy death-stricken and physically unable to demand the month of religion. Not withstanding the steps taken in the bishopric by the chiefs themselves of the catholic party, the clergy predated in refusing It. co-operation, and the interment was obliged to Mke place without soy priest, not one having con seated to be present. For the rest, the ceremony, from all that apposes, lost media, in solemnity by that; the whole city made a poise of conducting to Ms last abode the esti mable althea It bed just loot, and the civic authorities made it their daty to testily by their presence the respect they felt for the memory of M. Daum. If the fact occurred as our contemptharies of Namur report ft, if It is true that it was not ethible for M. Defunz to de mand the snooper of the rrligith in which he was born, if it Is swain moreover that he bad not during hie life seceded from that religion by any ostensible and public act, the catholic clergy have emitted, transgressed their right. Lot them base fall powers to refuse their prayers to thane who have openly shown the wish to do without them, when they were in the complete posessekm athlete judgment; no one disputes it, and we shall never attempt to gainsay it. Bat tbar, misinterpretith the duties imposed upon them as on all religious bodies salaried by the state, they should refuse the exerthe of their ministry to citizens of their communise, whom • deplorable accident happens to befall and renders incapable, however desirous they may be, of complying with the regulations of Mist reli gious body, this ia ■ refusal of the mettle legally due, which by right ought to be directly followed by the privation of the advantages attached to the race discharged by the clergy. What naives such acts atilt more reprebenribie id the or camsrance that they are always connected with persons known to have entertained dazing their lives liberal othrione. This is Niewire themes°, Dr. Deform. Tbe;tiergy make, therefore, the sacraments and prayers of the church a party weapon. They would not act differently if they wished to disregard their mimics. Fur the rest, the effect produced by this cosduct clearly proves that the good sense of the public appreciates on which side in a similar case not only debt but propriety re sides. Lot the clergy only persevere in the prectice of these illegalities some time longer, and there • ill soon remain not a giggle provincial town where civic funerals will not be organised in a complete and solemn manner. We have strong dialers whether the prestige of the clergy will gain mach by this genie of theirs. THE GARIBALDI FUND. TO TNT EDITOR OF TILE !TIMM. Eta,—All who share the political faith of Joseph Msemni are by him invited (auk Izpreas of the 24th) to subscribe to General Garibaldi's Fund for the purchase of muskets. I will, therefore, subscribe 101. towards this fund, and enclose you my cheque for that sum. When Mazzini and Garibaldi—" the soul to dare, the band to execute "—combine for the achievement of the unity of Italy, no friend of liberty should hang back. I feel aasured, from my recent personal interview with Garibaldi at Bologna, that the object of t h e two is the same.—l am, &c., W. H. ASHURST. el, Old Istrry, Laudon, Ost. 2h. STA.Ms. THE DUEL BETWEEN A SENATOR AND A JUDGE. Miow ova ows ooaal VENT.) NEW YORK, Ocr. 12. - - - One is rarely at a loss for something in the shape of a " seneation" to give spice to letters from this side of the water, and I have this week to chronicle one which is tolerably striking. Senator Broderick, of California, was killed in a duel on the 13th of September, at San Francisco, by Judge Terry, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that state. The career and character of the two principals in this unfortunate affair afford so excellent an illustra tion of the state of society in California, u well is of the sort of men into whose hands politica have fallen during the latter days of the democratic party, that I cannot help saying a little more about them than any interest the English public is likely to take in them or their fate would seem to warrant. Broderick was the son of poor Irish parents, and was born in this city, and was, as soon as he was fit for work, apprenticed to • stonecutter. While in this position he displayed great bodily strength and activity for his yeati, and as soon as he grew up to manhood, he fell into " political life" almost as natu ' rally as a duckling takes to water. You must not, however, attach the ssme meaning to the phrase poli tical life, which it bears in England. You mast not conjure up pictures of assiduous devotion to the study of political economy, or international law, or the theory of representation. Broderick simply cast himself in among " the roughs," frequented the public-houses, became acquainted with all the pugilists, " loafer.," gamblers, and firemen, and so on, who hang on the outskirts of the great parties, and, owing to their activity, unscrupulousness, and physical energy, absolutely control the elections in all the large cities. He learned how to marshal the bruisers at the polls, obstruct the voters of the other side, smash the ballot boxes, mar shal the hordes of ignoramuses who are citi zens without knowing what " citizen" means, and who vote five times a day for as many glasses of whisky. He bocame prominent at the primary meetings where the delegates are chosen who com pose the conventions which afterwards nominate the candidates for the various aloes, and in which the proceedings, though they in reality exercise a power ful influence on public affairs, are of course unison trolled by the law, or in fact by any rules and regu lations, except the fists and clubs of the rowdies who frequent them. He knocked an opponent down when the occasion required it, turned off the gas, and began a general meth in the dark, if the voting seemed likely to go against his aide ; shuffled the ballot so as to make out a show of victory, gave anybody a black eye who ventured to gainsay his decisions, and in short did everything which a success ful " Ward politician" does do, or is expected to do. The consequence was that he really became a power in the state, and for some years was a leading man in the " Tammany Society," as the club is called which forms in this city the nucleus or governing body of the democratic party. As a per sonage of this sort needs a headquarters or rendezvous, where his agents and friends may make their reports and receive their instructions, he did what people of his class generally do, started a small grog shop in a low quarter of the town, in which he did a thriving business. When the California gold fever broke out, however, he determined to start for the gold fields, in the hope of bettering his condition, bat on arriv ing at the scene of action found he could do more by turning his political talents and experience to account than by digging at the mines. Society was then in a state of confusion; the new state was just being organised, and most of the inhabitants were roving adventurers, too intent on filling their pockets to devote either time or attention to politics. So Brode rick found little difficulty i oj limping at one bound into • prominent position. He was at once elected to the legislature, and, on finding himself there, not only began to display talents of •higher order than before, but to behave better. He was coarse, and slenderly educated, but his audacity and dexterity in managing men of his own class and calibre began to tell rapidly. He was anything but eloquent, bat he had that glibness and fluency which every American who has taken much part in public affairs displays in a greater or lees degree, and which has now become a national trait. Finally, alter divers ups and downy, he got himself elected one of the senators from California in the United States Senate, the highest dignity to which a politician aspires short of the Presidentship itself. In this position he became the leader of the northern section of the democracy, as opposed to the. southern fire - eaters ; lied, on find ing that his recommendations of candidates for government situations were disregarded by the President in favour of those of his colleague, Dr. Gwyn, he joined the ranks of the opposition, and was a bitter and violent opponent of the administration in the conflict about the Leoompton constitution. I should add that, ever since he went to California, his integrity and purity of life have been above suspi cion, He was well known to be incorruptible, and was the most dauntless opponent of every thing that savoured of corruption. These were no ordinary virtues for a Californian politician, and they had of late years made him a favourite with all the respectable people of the state. He bad also won his way into the good graces of the Northerners by his stern opposition of late to the Southern pro slavery parts; and it was so vigorous that he threw all the weiglit of Cal i forni aon the side of freedom. Con sidering what his antecedents were, it was wonderful that he turned out so well, and it is no wonder at all that he was coarse, vituperative, and gross in his lan guage and bearing, or that his public attacks on his opponents were simply tirades of vulgar abuse. In the contest which he carried on for re-election to the Senate last summer, he and his opponents heaped on one another's heads the vilest Billingsgate, and finally the latter determined to get rid of him in the De Pens fashion by • series of duels. That there was a deliberate conspiracy to kill him there seems to be little doubt, and it fell to Chief Justice Terry, of the Supreme Court, to open the ball. Terry is an old politician very much of the Broderick order, but, though of course better educated and bred in a proteasion, a ter worse man morally. His doings as a politician in San Francisco were so outrageous that he was arrested by the Vigilance Com mittee five years ago, who at one time, it is said, contemplated dealing with him summarily. He was, however, released, and, resuming his old trade, got himself elected, by political management, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and occupied this position when he received the alleged offence from Broderick, but resigned it before fighting the duel. As to his fate, Broderick deserves little sympathy. He had fought duels himself before, and in all his political "campaigns" used language towards his opponents which no man ought to use unless he means to fight. The whole story is a sad commen tary upon the morals and manners of the class into whose hands the government of many states of the Union has fallen. The " Sickles tragedy" last spring was another which excited even more sensation than this one, for obvious reasons; but I cannot say that I see any indication of a movement amongst the respectable clung in the cities to take the affairs of the country out of the hands of this tribe, and make either education, or good behaviour and integrity, and even an ordinary attention to the laws of morality, indispensable qualifications for office. A meeting of the wealthier democrats in this city—the bankers, merchants, and brokers, who sup ply the sinews of war to the underlings, who manage the elections and nominations—was held the other day, to devise means of purifying the party, at least to the extent of excluding the " roughs " from nomination for public offices. Their action has been so far successful, that Mr. Dix, a man of high stand ing and character, has been nominated for the mayoralty by the democrats, which is certainly something gained; but the drawback on all these reforms is, that they are apt to be found temporary; that the initiators of the movement are apt to re lapse into their previous indifference, and let the rapscallions once more sesame the ascendancy. GREAT FIRE AT BERMONDSEY. (THIS DAL) ENORMOUS DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY. This morning, about 5 o'clock, the inhabitants of the deneoly-populated ;relish of Bermondsey wee° aroused from their Amebas by the 'pinging of policemen'. rattles. In the course of a few minutes nearly every window in the district was thrown up, when the neighbours witnessol a fearful scene. Flames, in home bodies, shot forth from apparently several building. at the same time. yielding a light like that of noon. The venerable chink of St. John, Horselydown, looked as though covered with a cloth of gold. Of the stone work of the Monument, in the City, the beau tiful tracery was shown in milklike whiteness. The tire. it was found, had commenced In White's-grounds, Ber mondsey. Upon a large spsoe of ground, probably 200 or 300 feet square, stood a range of premises —mime brick and timber built, four stories high ; others composed exclurvely of timber. The largest of these structures bromic! to Messrs. Garter and Palmer, carriers and army contractors, which stood at the end of White's-ground. Flanking them pre mises, on the left-hand side of a Large gateway, were a range of timber buildings about 130 feet long and of great depth, belonging to Messrs. Sharp, leather enamellers and currier. to the government. On the east side stood the workshops of Mr. J. Cook, a fur dyer, and several small dwelling-houses let out in tenements, also the premises belonging to Mr. G. Williams, kather dresser; whilst eight private houses ran at the side of the ill-fated property in Brunswick court. Before an engine had time to arrive the flames had taken possession of property covering a space of 180 feet in one direction and 90 feet in depth. The scene became fearful, for men, women, and children, almost in a ✓are of nudity, rushed out of the houses, carrying with tliem at throwing out of window their humble furniture, For tunately Mr. Superintendent Branford and Inspectors M'Kenzie and Reid, with a powerful body of constables, arrived and protected the furniture of the poor people, and also prevented them from rushing again into danger. With all possible expedition the Royal Society's escape served, mid Conductor Dunk, with the aid of the pollee, stmossied In rescuing a female from one of the hawse. The engines were at once set to work, but In spite of vast torrents of the opposing element ecatterad upon and into the burning property, the work of demolition continued, and various other premises became Ignited, including those belonging to Mr. J. Castle, a cote proprietor. Fortunately, this person was enabled with assistance to get out the whole of his horses jest SS the games were areaking the stable,. The tin at 10 o'clock was far from being entirely extin guished, bat all danger of any further extension of mischief VMS over. The total loss by this die/wrong event must amount to mend thousand pounds sterling. The quantity of leather destroyed in Years. Outler and Palmer's, end Mesas. Sheep's premises, alone must be enormous. The exact build ing in which the fire commenced remains at the present • matter of uncertainty. The following is Mr. Braldwoore official report of the damage done, u far as can at present be arcertstned: "Oct. 26, 1869, 6 a.m.—A dre took place in White's. pound, Bermondsey, which deortroyed the timber buildings need as workshops, the property of Mr. J. Cook, fur dyer; contents insured In the Sun Fire-oftke, building unknown if insured or not. Marrs. Oastier and Palmer, leather ware houses, brick-and•thober built, with their contents de stroyed. The currier,' shops, drying-abeda, and beck connting-house, brick built, burnt down; buildings and entente insured in the Atlas, Westminster, end other Fire offices. J. Sharp and Co., tanners, Az, the drying-houses and stores on the left aide of the yard, timber built, very seriouely damaged by tire ; the buildings and contents in sured in the Royal Exchange Fire-office. Nos. 5 to 13, . . Brcumwick-coutt, let out in taaaments, backs and fronts seriously; damaged by fire • contents not Insured, building" Band - is-Hand the and-in-Hand Ofllce. Non 11 and 12, Whits's ground, two private wooden houses, owners not known, very seriously damaged by Ire. George Williams, leather-dresser, drying-houses nearly destroyed ; insured for contents in the Northern Fire-ofiloe. .1. Castle, cab touter, stables and coach-houses all but destroyed, and front of dwelling-house severely damaged by fire ; t h e building and contents were Insured In the Royal Exchange Piro-office." SINGULAR =PLOSION AND LOSS OP LILL On Sunday afternoon considerable alarm was crested Melee village of Hidsgrove, neer Birmingham, by an explosion of gunpowder at the housed Mr. Lead better, watch and clock ma., who resided Mare with his wife and it child abouteight moat& old. It epitomes that Ledbetter intended to take part in a pigeon shooting match on Monday morning, and on Saturday night, after the eke had been raked out for the night, fancying hie gunpowder might be damp, he placed the flak in the oven of the firegrate in the back room, fur the of drying the powder,letending remove the flask to theam was again lighted in the grate the next morn ing. Uefortunately he forgot that the powder was In the oven, and, contrary to custom, the oven was not geed that morning for cooking purposes, so that nothing occurred during the morning to remind hint of his negligence, or to acquaint his wife with the fact of the oven ooutaining such • dangerous article. Ledbetter and his wife at down to dinner at the usual hour, and be afterwards went out for the purpose of taking • walk, leaving his wife busily occupied in washing the dinner things. fibs was en gaged in doing this, and apparently steadies; with her back to the fire, when the powder exploded with terrific violence. The grate and oven were shattered to pieces, and fragments were thrown all over the room, the luminae ass knocked about and damaged, the centre of the ceiling was blown through; the frame of the grate in the adjoining room of the next house was shaken to fragnieuts, and forced into the middle of the mom; in the adjoining room'of ' the house on the other side of Leadbetteis. tie wall was violently shaken, and • number of bottles thrown from a shelf on to the floor, the door leading from the hack room to the (root, which was need as a shop, with the framework, was blown out, and the force of the ex plosion was so great that the window and door of the shop wets blown out, and considerable damage done to the walla, floor and furniture. At the outset of the explosion it would seem that a portion of gunpowder took a downward direction, it la thought, through as opening In the bottom of the oven, and to have got under the tender, which was raised, and then thrown with overpowering tome scree* the room; with such extraordinary force, indeed, that coming in contact with Mrs. Ledbetter, • little above the knee, the edge of the fender cut clean ttrough the clothes and one oe the limbs, which instantly dropped down on the float., and fearfully , eat and mangled the other !hob, after which it knocked down the table at which Mrs. Ledbetter had been standing, the contents of which were act court.) slut tend, sod thus alrocet completed the work of ruin. The un fortunate woman sank upon the floor senseless, endemic other neighbours, attracted by the noise of the explosion, coming to gee what was the matter, and finding her in the pitiable state &earthed, sent fur her busland, woo opeeddy tea turned, and se speedily sect off for medical minium:me. Mr. John Davenport, surgeon. arrived shortly after, but tits sec vier were of little use. The broken limb was too mush Ma Jared to be set, and the only thing which could be done wee to amputate it. The poor creature was sot la • condition to for stoputatiou, and all that remained was to arrest as much as poesible the flow of blood, which was rapidly draining eery life. In lee than two hours after the accident oc curred the poor woman died. It is strange that the child, who was sleeping in it. cradle, not far dr from where its mother stood, escaped almost uninjured. The head of the cradle was blown sway, and one of the chiles eyebrows wail fined, but with this exception it was not the le,at ethos& The • splo.ion attracted • good deal of attention during the adernooo, • luge number of people crowding in front of the bones, cuing et the effee , , of the catastrophe, end spicule& las iota Its cause sad owequenees. A letter from Florence mays:—" The veteran lit. ' kriteur, Nicole Tommasen, a Venetian, irtri has resided in Turin for the last ten years, has now taken up his abode ht this more genial Tuscan capital. We have here also Fes .moo Ferrero. en exile from Sicily, who was aim 1849 professor of political economy at Turin, sad is now to 811 the same choir at Pun, and to become one of the greatest °ma rmite of that ticse.honoared university. His coUsegue. Pro , tumor M4llCiti, a Neapolitan, is also here, and will deliver public lectures in one of the balls of the rtiocordi Palace, The bits emancipation of Tuscany thus briers some first• nal literary notabilitirs of the peninsula into this town, ' which may well now, more than ever, est up its claim to the proud appellation of the Athens of Italy." ACCIDENT TO HER MAJESTY'S SHIP BEAGLE'S GIG. —Vestertley, so the cantata'. gig of her bisieety's ship Beagle, anchored at Spitbeed, was entering Portsm o uth hour, having pot beck freer her attempt to reach the skip owing to the hsavy sea and wind prevailing et the time she was unfortunately, in trying to cress a steam-tug', bole, which was laying to at the barbour's mouth, caught by the tide snd swept Meares the steamer, when the crew end four sitters in the stem sheets became frightened and jumped overboard to avoid dos collision. The steamboat picked up ewe people. The surgeon of the ship, who was am of the ibbin I n th e o ga . e h e ete, was picked op by Mr. Pearson. br c lctio u g p to b the y a Li . v . erpool . re . v . er d cu i lter,..end Lam b, man was pi wte fear torn the boetTa addition to the four sitten l e . in the stern sheets, it is Owed that one of the men wee Iwo, as on inquiry ocly Gm mm were on board the Victory, sad two (the surgeon and seamen) were landed at Portugal:AWL A. the sitesol-tug wee not ea the move, had the man oil eat mill la their boat there is every probability that no wield hers moaned.