The Express. — London, England, 1846-12-26 00:00:00

~~' ~ !, 'i I ~ `; ,` I :l~ l i l I' 1 11 11 1 , } ii t. : i . ' 1 1 1 1' 1 t 1 I 1 1 I 1 COLOSSEUM. NEV ARRANGEMENT. —1 nivistos OF PIIICES.—The twiebrated Panorama of ' ildaidon and Museum, Is. • theComervateries. Swim Cottage, Most Elam, Bre., IL ; the Stalactite Caverns at Adebiberg, Is. ; the Prise Cartoons on View, no emirs charge. Evitanio.—Grand oromenade, Museum of Sculpture, Coreerni. towns, Aviary, Swiss . Cottage, Mont Bloc, end Torrent, &c., Is.; the Wervellaus Panorama of London by Ni:ht, with Atmospheric Elects half hour, Is. extra; the Stalactite Wens., Is. extra. The whole brilliantly illuminated. Mu sic Item two till dusk, and eignt till half-past ten. Evening family tickets to see hewthole tor four =mid upwards, 21. gut . each person, may had at the horn ten till four, and ut the principal music warehouses mid Minnie. Childr, n, day and evening, half price. Open from ten WI dusk, riven till half-past ten. The whole Exhibition designed . 1/Is. W. Bradweil. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. ROYAL . POLYTECHNIC INSTITU TION.— PIZOFFSSOIt SCINENREIN'S GLIN.COTION, and other naive Compounds with brilliant EIpeIiDIMILY, lectured on by Dr. Ryan, daily, at half-past three o'clock, and on the Evenings of Monday., NV...Mewl:tr.. anti Fridays. The principle of the various ELECIRO.MAGNE fIC Ti•..LEGIIAPIIS explained deity I.y lhofemor ichholiner, including the patent of Meters. took “na wi.--at.4." f which Is in um on the ltailwa y n, and the mor e recent patent o Messrs. Nutt and Gamble. The various Models explained. Magnified spesimens of DISEASED POTATOES exhibited by the OXY-lIV ROGEN MICROSCOPE, with the Destructive Insect, supposed by A. Since. Km .F. II v ., to be the muse of the disease. A beautiful aeries of Nit W DISSOLVING VIEWS. The DIVING -BELL and DIVER. with Experiinents MO PHYSIOSCOPE, New CURD MATROPE, &c.ltc.—Admiasion, IL ; Schools, half-price. . JUVENILE ADELAIDE OALI.F.RY, BTRAND--(.'HRISTMAS 1101,1- DATS.--MORNINO ENTERTAINMENT. —The Lessee, with • view of enabling parents to indulge the juvenile brunches in an Eutertain. aunt calculated for their tast e, has determined on giving SEVEN MORNING PERFORMANCES, the Ord to commence THIS THISDAYth , December 86, and to continue dur in g the Wowing week ; and, TUM wi WS view, has made. arra nzements with the original LAN ETIHOPLIN SERENADERS, in conjunction with the celebrated Turner Family Iseitively their Lad appearance, in consequence of *gig provincial engagement.), of Ike respective ages of 4,6, and 8 extra, who have had the honour of appeuringat most of the Nobility's parties, and whose precocious talent has been llustr the theme of u tha universal admiration. The Wonders of Creation, iated by Gas Microscope. Commence at Three o'clock preciklF. Ailinivisto. I'. AUREN'I"S CASINO, at the 1:O A L a..,j AM.:L..III)E GALLERY, still continues to be the Magnet of at yoy nightly luring its habitues within that maelstrom the POLKA, and each vortex o f the man y dance. Grand Vocal und In. strantental Concert. First approraneo in London of the celebrated LANTL'II ETHIOPIAN SERENADEIts, whose performances Imre treated the most perfect tutor in the provinces, and which have been by the musical world to be unrivalled. The tone of the =Vas pkvising as it to novel. There cable inbreed" will give &MORNING ENTERTAINMENT at the Casino each day atomeert. Thr— ee efebesk, and In the Evening will again appear after the Doses open at Seven o'clock; performances terminate at half-put WPM Manassas, .1161 IA N SE tENADERS. CRANKS' INSTITUTION, CIIANCERT-LAN E.—The celeStanw brated MHand O :IAN SERENADER"; Pell, Harrinzton. White, ood, German, will hare the honour of giving their inimitable Entertain ment in the Theatre of the above Institution on MONDAY next, De cember 21, at Eight o'clock. Tickets, Is. 611; Reserved teats, 2s. 6d. To be had at the Institution. DISTINGUISHED UTeIiER DISTINGUISHED PATRONAGE. T e i n : HALL of ROME, Great Windmill-otreet, Haymarket. —This splendid Exhibition is now open, with the and eelebrated TABLEAUX % [TANTS and POSES PLASTIQUES. Due attention has bean paid to the warmth and comfort of the ,isitorA. In addition to the much admired company will be added male and female artistes, arrived expeemly from Italy, Germany, FrSOCe, ha. Amongst the ne w series a Tableaux will be fed the YOUR SEASONS, the MISLLTOE BOUGH, or the AS FETE, and the SPIRIT of the WATERS. Perfor. MEM to Warr CnCe at Three o'clock in er t he Afternoon, Galt Bight in the Evening. --..tala, 2s. 6d. xes, N. Tit. s.ry, Gd. —.LAE ItOYAL ADELPlll.—gplentlid At traction for Christman.—First night of a new Romantic Drama, Adad COLUMBA, the Ctilt , ICAN SISTER. First appearance of the edeirsted Entortilationists, and first night at second price of the Grand Romantic Fairy Spectacle of the PHANTOM DANCERS, or We WILLS BRIDE. Gorgeous and wondertul scenic effects, aided Werminatchtess Adelphi favourites. BOXING-NIGHT, Saturday, bee 26, will b e produced an original Roomette Drama, called COLUMBA, the CORSICAN SISTER; with the extraordinary EN TORTILATIONISTS, who will exhibit their wonderfui Jena Gym =To conclude with the COrgeoll4 Fairy Spectacle of the M DANCERS, or the WILLS BRIDE, for the Scot time at mead price. the rovoi0• MAILS. The mails for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cad'', and Gibraltar, will be made up on the morning of the :Nth December. The mails fur New South Wales, Van Lhemen's Land, and New Zeeland will be made up on the evening of the 91st December. The West hulk mails, including Mose for :Aeneas, llondtiras, and the Ilavannah, will be made up on the morning of the 2nd January, Thos overland irAils for Gibraltar, Malta, Gereix, the lonian Islands, Mt, Men, Ceylon, India, Hong- Kong, and China, via Sout tuitapton, made up on the evening of the id January. The mails for Ittitish North America, Bermuda, and the United Stales, will be made up on the evaiLig of the 4th iallUlff. The mails foe the Breath', the River Plate, Monte Voile°, Pernam- Woo, Bahia, Ma tetra, and Buenos Ayres, will be dispatched on the evening of the 4th January. The overland closed mails, eta Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Men, (es lon, India, long Kong. Est., will be made up on the evening of the 7th January. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Its intended for The Express, London evening paper . Office by Two o'clock on the day of publication. %* AtheTtisentei must be at the UTGII WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Tats DAT. —Morning, 43 min. pot ; Atternnon, 13 min. put 8. Moznow—Morning, 47 mia. past 8; Afternoon, S 3 nun. past S. LONDON, SATURDAY, DEC. 26. THE annihilation of the independence of Cracow and its definitive occupation by the Austrians is no unimportant event to the European balance of power, and is a disastrous one for those who cling to the ex istence of Polish nationality. But the most serious event connected with the subversion of the republic of Cracow is certainly the revolution, which has simultaneously taken place in the international law of Europe. Up to the present moment it was considered that the treaty of Vienna, and previous treaties signed by many Powers, bound all of them to support those sti pulations, and more especially the great features of these treaties, such as the division of Europe into differ ent independent states, with the fixed frontier assigned to each on the solemn occasion of a general Congress. It is now pleaded and asserted, however, and by the I peculiarly conservative Powers of Europe,that treaties in these, their main stipulations, arc so much waste paper—that no general law exists, and no general in fluence can be exercised, for the maintenance of exist ing states and frontiers ; but that any one, two, or three of the Powers have a complete right to remodel and change their respective frontiers and alter the condition of smaller states in their neighbourhood, without more remote Powers having the right to in tervene and remonstrate. This complete subversion of existing international law, this destruction of the federal union of Europe, and overthrow of the basis on which it stood, is de fended by the champions of the Eastern Powers in divers ways. Some, feeling the necessity of preserving a conservative character, and of maintaining, at least the letter of the treaties of Vienna, in sist that these treaties have been in nowise infringed or altered by the decision respecting Cracow. Russia seems to take this view; and the arguments of its diplomacy are marshalled forth in the Frankfurt Journal. According to such pleaders, the great stipulations of the treaty of Vienna are those, which were discussed in common and in congress. Thecountries which signed the treaty are olledged to be contracting parties in these great stipulations. But there were other questions which were allowed to be settled amongst each other by the Powers most inte rested, their settlement being accepted by the others, and their private conventions being afterwards inserted in the general treaty. Of such conventions as these, the Powers, in general, who affixed their signatures are said to be not contracting, but guaranteeing parties. As to such conventions, they have no right to in terfere. Had Austria, in 1814 and 181.3, obtained the consent of Prussia and Russia to her possession of Cracow, England and France would not have objected. Why should they object now—since the changes that have taken place, are in the spirit of the treaty of Vienna, and in the sense of Powers, which now object ? There is some speciousness, but no solidity, in this latter argument. There is neither one nor other in the first. England and France did certainly, at Vienna, allow Austria, Russia, and Prussia to discuss apart the question of Poland. But they at the same time declared that a sine quti non of the agreement, should be a certain independence granted to Poland. Russia wanted all, would give up neither Thorn nor Cracow ; and so wide was the difference, that all agreed that it was better not to constitute the con gress, till the probability appeared of those Powers coming to an agreement ; since, to form a congress and break it up, would have been to set Europe once more in flame. It was on this account, that Russia, Prussia, and Austria were allowed to come alone to a kind of preliminary understanding. The terms of this understanding satisfied England and France. They saw in it an independent government and constitution secured to Poland, and Cracow declared a free republic. Austria was at the same time a territorial antagonist of Rus sia, and avowed herself so. In such circumstances France and England adhered to the private arrange ments of the three powers, and, causing them to be inserted in the treaty, signed it, and sanctioned them. Is there here the shadow of reason for the distinction between guaranteeing and contracting powers ? Is the relative pokition of eastern countries now analo gous to what they were at the congress of Vienna ? Polish independei cc is no more. Austria is no longer the antagonist, but the humble servant of Russia. The latter power organises the Danubian provinces as she will; she Russianises Poland. In 1814 western Europe might have entrust4.4l to Austria the task of resisting Russian encroachments. It would be a mockery to do so at present. Consequently, what has taken place at Cracow is as little in the spirit of the treaties of 1814 and 1816, which is one argument, as it is con sonant with :heir letter, which is another. Whilst such is the astute end measured language of the organ of Russian diplomacy, the Austrian Court print blunders out the most crude and revolutionary arguments. Talk to us of the treaty of Vienna, smith the Austrian, and the sacro-sar.ctity of frontiers under its tutelage, have not ye, lowers of the west, dealt, with the treaty and the frontiers under it as cavalierly as it suited you? Have you not taken Belgium from Holland? Did not French guns drive out CHASSE ? Did nut French and English bayonets help to expel Don CARLOS. from Spain? France and England have set the first example of break ing through the treaties of Vienna fur the advantage of their constitutional principle ? Why should not we kick through the treaty of Vicuna fur the ttecuri y of our despotic principle? If necessity could be pleaded at Brussels for the one, it can be as fully pleaded at Cracow for the other. The Austrian politician ne s'arrete pas en si beats ehemin. He goes further, and mks, what if the German powers were to agree . amongst each other to remodel their territorial divisions; if Bavaria, and Prussia, and Austria were to agree to make certain changes, what right would England and France have to interfere ? Yet the partitioning of territory amongst the German powers is written in the treaties of Vienna, and sanctioned by them. To this very pointed and significant argument, which we And in the Frankfort journal also, we should reply, that whenever Austria and Prussia shall proceed to the absorption of the minor German states, the trea ties of Vienna do give France and England the right of imterfering, if they wish to use that right. If Prussia takes Hamburg by force, England would be tally warranted in blockading the mouth of the Elbe. If Austria should treat Baden and Wurtemberg as she has done Cracow, France would have every right to Sing her pontoons across the Rhine. But still further than even this, doth the Austrian political doctor go. He insists tnnt all powers have a right to re - arrange a nd change their frontiers, if they can do so by common agreement, and that the other powers can have no claim or cause to interfere. Thus, if the King of SARDINIA were to sell Savoy to Lorls PHILIPPE, in order to amuse himself wits the money, the rest of Europe ought not to be con cerned. If CHRISTINA W 55 to truck Navarre for a rente, or a domain in France, that is nothing in the world to England. Let Austria take Cracow, Prussia Holstein, Bavaria German Switzerland, what is that to remoter powers ? We are ashamed to repeat such impudent and ignorant anilitics. But these are the arguments of the great Conservative court of Europe. To the extent asserted, such principles will not, in all probability, be acted on. But the mere announcement, and from such quarters, proves that the anarchic principles, or rather the negation of all principles, which hitherto has worked on t he middle and thinking classes of a country to the modi fication or overthrow of government, has now got, like an epidemy, into governments themselves, and threatens, not the constitution of any particular state, but the federal constitution of Europe. The rule of right in international matters, is avowedly at an end. The sacredness of force is proclaimed. European countries are henceforth to be reduced, with respect to one another, to a state of nature. The inconvenient covering of treaties is to be at once thrown off. And if the new state of things, introduced by Austrian publicists, were to be realised or represented, it would be by a band of naked savages, brandishing their clubs, and knocking out the brains of their nearest neighbours, and putting the fetters of slavery upon the weakest. Thank Gon, the free minds and the free states of Europe are strong enough to treat such blasphemy with the execration and contempt that it deserves. WE return to the dispute between the Aldermee and the Common Council. From our former article on the subject it will be apparent that mom is in volved in the conflict than lies upon the surface. The general question of the freedom of the city, the prac tice of enforcing the taking .it up by fines, the right of the Common Council to originate acts of corporate legislation, are all more or less dependent on the issue of the present struggle. But it is desirable not to embarrass the subject by any discussion of these points, at least until we have disposed of the imme diate question involved in the Bill which gave rise. to the collision of Thursday ae'nnight. That bill, as we have already explained, purported to " declare the qua lification of freemen of London to be elected members of the Common Council." It does not propose any new method of acquiring the freedom of the city. It merely introduces a change into the qualification for Common Councillor. The bill which was brought in by Mr. JouN Woof), by the direction of the court, upon the report of the General Purposes Committee, after repealing all the declarations, orders, resolutions, and ordinances of the 23d of November, 1710, and the 14th of June, 1716, and of the whole of the interval between those dates and the present time, enacts that Any freeman of London, being a householder, and any freeman of London, though he ',say dwell out of the City, be capable of being elected a member, provided at the time of such election he is and fur twelve months previously he shall have been the occupier of a house, shop, counting house, or office situated within the ecard for which he shall be so elected, and provided that he is and for twelve months previously he shall have been rated in his own name to the consolidated rate in respect of any house, &c , within such ward; and also provided that during the time of his being so rated he shall have resided in such house, or habitually resorted to such shop, counting-house, or office, fur the pur pose of carrying on any art, mystery, trade, profession, or occupation therein. To understand the character and effect of this ordi nance we must refer to the repealed orders of 1710 and 1716. By these, which both purport to be de claratory of an ancient custom, no person can be elected common councilman for any ward who is not a householder of that ward. The present measure, it will be observed, extends the qualification from actual householders to rate-paying occupants of house, shop, counting-house, or office in the ward. The change is one of peculiar importance in the circumstances of the City of London and its rate-payers. At present few of the most important class of business men in the city actually live within its precincts. The first object of the merchant, hanker, extensive retail trader, and even the higher Class clerk, is to escape from the dense atmosphere and narrow streets within the sound of Bow-bells to the suburban retreats of Tooting, Stratford, Hampstead, and such places, or the less ambitious villas, crescents, and squares of Islington and Bayswater. Moat of this class are excluded, under the present qualifica tion, from the Common Council. They are precisely the persons who should be its most active members. Prima facie, the change would seem a highly desira ble one, as tending to throw the administration of municipal affairs into the hands of the weightiest and wealthiest class in the city. Thus contemplated, we are at a loss to see what democratic or revolutionary tendency can be detected in the present measure. We need not consider what has preceded or what is animated to follow it. We are happily exempt front the party feelings and unacquainted with the party arrangements of the city. As things are, there is no question but that the city corporate officers are in bad odour with the world without. Guildhall is looked an as the Paradise of jobs and jobbers. We should expect to find a disposition in the Aldermen to second every measure which would weaken this imputation. The bill in question, as we have already stated, was prepared in committee of the Common Council, I I and read a first and second time. The Lord Mayor, acting on the advice of the Recorder, declined to pat the third reading, and broke up the court. The protest of the Coma of Aldermen declares the bill to be "contrary to the customs, charters, and laws of the city . " is it or is it not opposed to these, and if it be, is it beyond the power of the Common Council to pass such an ordinance? The charter of EDWARD 111., in a clause recited in our former article on this subject, gives the Mayor and Aldermen, with the assent of the commonalty, power to remedy . " hard or defective customs theretofore used and obtained." It cannot, we presume, be maintained that this power is vested in any but the Common Council. In all legal proceedings, where an act of common coun cil is pleaded, this legislative power is set out as a custom confirmed by act of parliament, and the Charter itself sometimes appears on the pleadings. This peculiar power of self-regulation has, since the time of EDWARD lIL, been constantly and freely exercised by the Common Council. Their right to fix and alter qualifications of all kinds has never been contested till now. The power has always been re cognised by the imperial legislature, the City legal THE EXPRESS, SA/MRWAY -EVENING, DECEMBER - 28, 1846. officers, and the courts of law. There is a remark able judgment of Sir °ULANDu I3ttIDOLRAN's in which he declares the legislative power of the Com mon Council "to be the foundation of most of the ordinances in force in London for the government of the City, which would be shaken if you take away this power, and leave to London no more power touching bye-laws, than you do to every ordinary corporation and company . Nay, this power has been held good in establishment of customs, bad at common law, as being in restraint of trade; although, therefore, on general principles, it is certain that no bye-law of a corporation, considered as an original enactment, can alter a mode of election prescribed by charter or act of parliament, there seems as little doubt that, by virtue of the power declared iu the charter of EDWARD 111., the cor poration of London in Common Council can remodel any custom whatever, which proves " hard or defective." Unless, therefore, it be proved that the present custom, as declared by the ordinances of 1710 and 1716, be not liable to such charges, it can be altered by the Common Council. We conceive it may easily be made out to be both. It is "hard," as it excludes from corporate control per sons having most important City interests, and " defective," as it leaves a large proportion of the pro perty within the City unrepresented in the municipal council. It is certain, that if the present measure be beyond the legal power of the common council, the same is true of all their other ordinances altering qualifications for election to the office. In the time of EDWARD I. the common council was composed exclu• sively of persons of "the wiser and more sufficient of the mysteries (i.e. guilds or companies) elected by the men of the same mysteries , and not otherwise." Afterwards, in the time of RICHARD 11., Mello- LAS BREMBRE, the then Lord Mayor, on peti tion from a great common hall of the citizens, brought forward a plan, which was approved and adopted' A.D. 1383, by which the election was transferred from the guilds to the wards. This ordinance was after wards made perpetual. This change in qualification was certainly illegal, if that now proposed be so. In the same way the alder men who, by the charter of EDWARD 11. were to serve but for one year, were afterwards, in the time of Rieman 11., made re-eligible ; although it was by statute, and not a mere municipal ordinance or charter, that the office was made to last till reasonably removable, or virtually for life, in the 17th year of the same reign. Looking at these facts of past history, we can have no doubt of the power of the Common Council to pass such a measure as that now in dispute. If they have no such power, they have been acting illegally since the time of EDWARD 11. L, and from even an earlier period. It is highly desirable that the dispute between the two courts should be settled in some speedier and more dignified way than squabbling in Guildhall. A mandamus would bring the conduct of the Lord Mayor under the cognisance of the courts, and lead to a judicial determination of the powers of the Common Council. That this should be done is on every account desirable, as, in the present temper of both courts, there seems little prospect of an amicable settlement in any other way.. An arrangement as to the other and even more important points which remain behind will probably tollow on the issue of the present conflict. THERE is no public man of the day to whom the tenant-farmers of England are so deeply indebted as to JOHN BRIGHT. With characteristic firmness of purpose MR. BRIGHT seized upon, mastered, and thoroughly exposed, through the medium of a select committee of the House of Commons, the most crying grievance under which the tenant-farmers labour, namely, THE GAME-LAWS. Mr. BRIGHT'S sympathy with the industrious capitalists who farm land was hearty and sincere; and his various missions into the rural districts, during his Anti-corn-law labours, had brought him into contact with many of the most intelligent agriculturists in every part of the country. Moreover, he was most ably seconded in the committee by Mr. VILLIERS ; while the offensive demeanour of the Game-law champions, especially Lord GEORGE B ENTINCK and G Mr. RANTLEY BERKELEY, towards the tenant farmers and land-agents who were examined, brought out facts, and produced corroborating circumstances illustrative of the character of game-preserving and its abettors, of the most striking description. The result of the inquiry has been the collection of a mass of evidence which decides the question of the Game-laws. They are condemned, and now only await the final stroke, which public opinion will soon give them. All that is necessary for that purpose is, that the evidence should be extensively read. Apart from the irresistible direct proofs of mischief caused by game preservation, no system could long survive such defences as are recorded in the evidence of the game preservers who were examined to support it. That such service should have earned the hearty abuse of the ultra-Tory press was to have been ex pected ; and, accordingly, we find that there is an article in Blackwood's Magazine for the present month upon " the Game-laws," in which Mr. BRIGHT, and those who have aided in exposing the game sys tem, are abused with the hearty recrimination of those who suffer. With such abuse we shall not deal further than to remark that the whole tone of the article we refer to indicates that a tender point in aristocratic privilege has been touched by the Game-law investigation. The purpose is to divert attention from the merits of the question, and by attributing to those, who discern the effects of game preservation, sundry evil-minded views, to prevent a dispassionate consideration of the subject by the more rational landed proprietors. That such purpose will fail is plain, for the intelli gent farmers of East Lothian have taker. up the question in an earnest and business-like manner, and farmers in most other localities are well prepared to follow such an example. The reader will probably have observed a notice which appeared a few days since in our advertising columns, whereby the East Lothian Anti-Game-law Association offer a premium of twenty guineas for the best essay on 'I he Evils of the Game-laws, as they affect the social, economi cal, and moral interests of the community." Never had essayists more abundant materials to deal with than will the writers who may compete for that prize. There ought to be an essay sent from every county in Great Britain, for each district can offer its own pecu liar illustrations of the evils, social, economical, and moral, of the Game-laws. But, in truth, the roystering article in Blackwood is such an essay; for, after having exhausted all his sophistry and his jests in support of the Game-laws, the writer ends by warning the landed gentry against excessive preservation of game, which, as we shall presently show, upon evidence the Tory writer will scarcely dispute, is the only mode of preserving game at all. Nor caa any one who has read the evidence, as this writer professes to have done, miss the con clusion that the modern and mischievous!; battue" system is the only one by which any game an be kept in the cultivated districts. That the writer has read the evidence is plain; for he carefully abstains from a single quotation, and from all but the most general reference to its effect. But, interwoven with much rhodomontade, he produces this, which is the stock and only plausible argument of the game pre servers. He says, in reference to the complaints of farmers, that the preservation of game is the subject of contract between tenant-farmers and their land lords : " The game then becomes u much a matter of calculation as the nature of the soil, the necessity of drainage, or the peculiar climate of the farm. The tenant must be guided by the principles of ordinary prudence, and make such a deduc tion from his offer as he considers will compensate him for the loss which his crop may sustain through the agency of the game." Now, the answer to that is, that farmers, when taking their farms, are almost invariably told that they shall not be injured by game, that game shall not be kept in excessive quantities, and that all the rabbits shall be destroyed; and until very recently farmers have been weak enough to give credence to such assurances. This was, again and again, proved before the Committee with all the circumstance and detail which the most adverse and unscrupulous cross examination by the game preservers could elicit. We I noticed some time ago the evidence given on this point with reference to a farm held of the Duke of NENI CASTLE, and we shall, on a future occasion, again ad vert to this branch of the evidence. At present we mention it to say that we do not believe that the many landowners who lie under the imputation of such breaches of faith towards their tenants have in tentionally done so. On the contrary, we believe that many of the landed proprietors do nit understand— and perhaps are not over anxious to be informed of— the real effects of game preserving upon modem farming. But the truth is that there can be no medium between " excessive" preservation, that is a head of game which is more irritating to the feelings and seriously injurious to the pecuniary interests of the tenant, or no game at all, where there is a peopled and well-farmed district. The writer in Blackwood chooses to overlook this fact, and warns the gentry against excessive preservation, saying, "A few words to the general body of the game preservers. Gentlemen, some of you arc not altogether without fault in this ma tter. You have given a handle to accusations which your enemies have been eager and zealous in using. You have pushed your privileges too far, and if you do not take care, you will raise a storm which it may be very difficult to allay. What in the name of common sense is the use of this excessive preserving ?" Now, preservers cannot help themselves. Their game must be excessive. They retain a body of gamekeepers to protect the game, they reserve it from their tenants, they defend it against poachers and unauthorised sportsmen, and the creatures batten unmolested upon the farmers' crops. The preservers dare not have more than half a dozen I days shooting in a season, lest they should drive off I the game to the lands of other persons. In such cir cumstances the game of course increase and multiply with wonderful rapidity, assisted in some eases by artificial immigration at the expense of some fellow preserver. As the only practical agriculturist, Mr. TVRNER, whom (for a special purpose) the preservers ventured to examine, when cross-questioned, said, " in dry seasons they seem to come out if the earth almost." And this point is very clearly and sensibly ex plained by Mr. Pusev, the member for Berkshire, who was examined at great length. Mr. PUSEY had been himself a rigid preserver of game, but was led to abandon it from observing the injury inflicted upon his tenants by . the game. is said, "I had gradually observed the injury myself for some time; for instance, a field of wheat, I have seen', half of it in December completely bare, as if nothing whatever had been sawn." Again, " I found that one of my tenants had given up growing winter vetches altogether, in consequence of the abundance of hares." His determination to abandon preserving was not soddenly taken, but resulted from the observations of ' several years. And Mr. PtysEY thus naturally ex plained the way in which game-preserving has of late years become more obnoxious and injurious to farmers than formerly : " I should say that the ten dency of the new system of farming is to render the crops more liable to injury from game, and also that the tendency of the new system of preserving game is to render game more injurious to the farmer; both farming and Fame preserving have become more artificial, and in consequence of the change on each side, game is much more injurious than it used to be." And he afterwards further elucidated this point by saying, " Formerly the crop was very much the un assisted produce of the land, and now in many in stances the farmer pays as much to the manure mer chant as he does to his landlord." Now this is just what landlords will not understand. They have treble and quadruple the rents their fathers, or at all events theirgmnd-fathers,enjoyed — rents pr oduced mainly by the additional outlays of capital made by their tenants, and yet they expect the same demi-feudal reservations and privileges as their forefathers possessed when the " crop was the unassisted produce of the land." Can anything be more unreasonable? Mr. Paws shows that " where game is preserved strictly it has very much increased." And he illus trated the subject by the following reference to the circumstances of his own estate. He said, "I am certain it is more difficult to preserve game than it was even twenty years ago ; because my father had a keeper, who was really no keeper at all, and yet at that time I have counted 50 or 60 pheasants under the windows of the house. Since I have given up strictly preserving, the game has disappeared altoge ther; it can no longer take care of itself as it did 20 years ago. Farmers are more alive to the injury they receive from the game, in fact they receive more injury, and are less inclined to discountenance poach ing. There is also greater difficulty in checking poaching than there was formerly, arising from facility of communication, and the demand for game in the towns." The consequence of this is " that where game is not strictly preserved, there is none ;" and there is, says Mr. PUSEY, " a larger amount where it is preserved, because if a man is obliged to go to a considerable expense in preserving game and having watchers at night, the keepers will naturally be desirous, on the few occasions when shooting takes place, to show a large head of game. And it also ceases to be so much the common weekly amusement of country gentlemen. The owner of 2,000 acres does not like to disturb his covers by frequently driving them, because as soon as the game has got upon un protected land it disappears. And this, I think, is one cause which has led to the system of battues, that they are really obliged to avoid disturbing the game as they did." And he afterwards added: " The game is no longer in the shape of wibi animals, but merely pre serred artificially, and, therefore, as soon as it wanders off the protected property it disappears." And the Marquis of SALISBURY and other game-preserving landholders, expressly said that no man ought to attempt or expect to preserve game without main taining a large force of keepers to protect it. Now the necessary conclusion to be drawn from this explanation is that game can only be artificially and excessively preserved, and that there is no middle course between the abandonment of Fame altogether, and that system of strict preservation which is so fraught with demoralisation and crime. 'Lb& more closely the subject is examined, the more accurate will this view be found. ROME, DEc. 12. A sad calamity has befallen our city. The Tiber, suddenly swollen by rain such as is only witnessed under the tropics, and impeded in its course towards Ostia by a south-east wind, has just flooded two thirds of the inhabited streets, and destroyed property, both in town and country, to a melancholy extent. This century had not Kea a similar inundation, that of 1805 being far less extensive or disastrous. As far as the eye could reach, from the Pincian hill to the foot of Monte Mario, from the Sonte Tolle to the contrescarpe of Castle St. Angelo, became at once a vast lake, interspersed with tops of trees and farm roofs, cattle swimming, and floating wag gons. Nut only the accustomed low quarters of the Piazza Navona and Pantheon, but the Corso and Coudotti were submerged, and the well known magnificent area of the Porta del Popolo be came a deep pond impassable to carriages. It was a singular sight to look down from the Pincian on this extemporised basin, reflecting calmly . the surrounding churches and monuments, and receiving into its abun dance the rather superfluous contributions of the four Egyptian Lions who kept up the farce of their quad ruple jet d'eau throughout. The central obelisk of Rhamses, which rose in quiet grandeur over the waters, seemed, after many thousand years, to have got a glimpse of his native Nile at its work of fertilization. Unfortunately, mischief, unmixed with any compen sating result, ensues from these visits of the Roman river. The reports from the various quarters (or islands) 1 of the city have as yet brought no tidings of drowned men, though horses, pigs, and kine have perished in numbers, and the misery of the poorer classes can , hardly be estimated unless by the knowledge of their , exclusive tenancy of all ground-floors, in home the upper stories being alone inhabited by the wealthy. But the unfortunate Jews are in the worst predica ment of all other denominations, their disadvantageous quarter being not of their own selection, and hence it became only an act of common honesty in the govern ment to behave as it has done by them to-day ; sup plying them at once, and in the first rank with food and necessaries. For this purpose domiciliary visits were made to all bakers, and fashionable hotels and every loaf carried oft' to the Ghetto. If any good could possibly be elicited from the present sad occurrence, it would be perhaps the forcing the Pope's attention to the folly and un-Christian policy of his predecessors in cooping up the remnant of Israel hero into a space of the town so confined and so objectionable as to nearly resemble the hold of a Brazilian slave-ship on the middle passage. To condemn a people to perpetual dirt and disease, with the interlude of an occasional deluge like the present, is a sorry scheme fur their conversion and a sad lesson of Christian love. These unlucky sojourners in the capital of the church have just had all their property, cloths, silks, velvets, and every commodity in which they traded destroyed at once by no act of theirs : and in any civilized country they would ho clearl y entitled to r ecover the' amount from the legislature. The old houses are happily falling on each other's shoulders,l and the the whole rookery will b e rendered soon unioe, in which case they must per force be allowed to select some other part of this wide metropolis to build in. This is the moment for their brethren through memoriali se th Eu e ro ir pe beha to ltwhh cosh The Pope would be but too happy to v a l b e liti y P o n f t iff s uoen find outward support apinst the prejudices eve th ry e be p n r e o of the lower orders, and of the narrow-minded rich. 'Twat; a touching sight to see these helpless crowded under the roof of t he s y na g o g ue, which was sufferers, with the scanty w reck of their furniture, the only dry spot of their prison house. By the river of Babylon well might they sit and weep when they remembered Sion! There live 3,600 of them in this black hole, of whom 1,900 arc paupers, about 1,000 earn a livelihood by trade, and the remainder are comparatively rich. They raise among themselves 13,009 dollars yearly for the support of their own schools and other institutions. The State draws a large revenue from their commercial operations, and it is a remarkable circumstance in the ease of the Roman Jews that by way of propitiating their Christian fellow-citizens they are in the habit of emphatically disclaiming any part or portion in the great misdeed visited upon them and their children. They maintain, and with considerable pretensions to truth, that they are descended from a colony of Ilebre ot men settled in Rome long before the period of the Crucifixion—and certainly we know that Pompey brought thousands of captive Jews to Rome, and Josephus, I think, describes 8,000 of them going up to remonstrate with Augustus on some occasion or other. I pray the assistance of the Express in draw ing the attention of the friends of Israel throughout Europe to these poor people and their cause : it is truly that of the captive and the bondsman. The waters are now rapidly subsiding, the wind having fortunately veered round last night; the Corso isdisincumoered, save that several large boats ag round still clog the carriage-way. Some ludicrous descrip tions of individual disaster fill the columns of the Roman Adeeet.iser to-day, in which also flattering mention is made of Prince Borghtsa and his boat going round the streets with a bread-basket. This sort of yachting was a source of new excitement, highly amusing, no doubt, to the prince and his high-born associates ; but he has it in his power to do more substantial acts than such ad eaptandum exhibitions : and whenever a dis position to work in earnest for the amelioration of the poor by procuring sterling reforms and permanent unprovements is shown by . his Highness, I will be eager to mark the euthanasia by special notice. Among the spectators of the drowned city from the terrace of Monte Pincio no small space of public observation was occupied by Signor Lablache, whose well-known features were wrought into unacted sympathy. It is rumoured here that M. Fornari, the nuncio at Paris, is to be recalled, and to get a hat : his acknow ledged ability has been justly appreciated, and doubt less Count Rossi has made a favourable report on his arrival here. Girzi's health is not of the best, and he requires the assistance of an able under-secretary. The subject of an interchange of diplomatic repre sentatives between England and Rome has been lately revived, and though the utmost secrecy is pre served in the matter, considerable progress, it is understood, has been made. The British cabinet insist on the Roman envoy in London being a lay man in all cases. Here the negotiation hitches. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire had a long audience with his Holiness at the Quirinal Palace, on the 9th. FRANCE.—The Bey of Tunis arrived at Chaim. on the evening of the 18th, and was received at the barrier of the citadel by the sub.preftet and the authorities. He then proceeded to the Hotel du Pare, where a brilliant sere nade was given him by the Society of Military Music. The neat morning, just before his departure for Lyons, he pre sented to the president of this society a diamond pin, and left 1,500 f. for the poor of the town. COMMERCE OF TILE REPUBLIC OF EQCADOR.— The French Minister of Commerce has just addressed a cir cular to some of the chambers of commerce, containing in formation as to the French products and manufacture most in demand at Guayaquil. The Minister says : "In the markets of the Equator, as in the other markets of South America, English, Swiss, and Rhenish manuf.ctures in linen and cotton have had too frequently a preference over us. Our silks, which have much success at Valparaiso and Lims, are less in demand at Guayaquil, on ac count of the poverty of the country arid foreign competition, which is formidable fur the inferior qualities. Our broad cloths, the superiority and fineness of which begin to be ac knowledged by the inhabitants, gain ground, but as yet are purchased only by the rich. In mixed stuffs, of wool, thread, and cotton, new designs of which are produced every day, we preserve a mocked advantage over our rivals. As to cutlery and hardware, England supplies the first al m'st exclusively, and shares the supply of the second with Germany and the United States; but we have still the supply of articles of luxury. We have little competition to dread in fine mercery and Paris articles, the consumption of which increases daily. In the supply of paper, Genoa and Spain have almost mono polised the trade as regards the common sorts. In the fine qualities we compete with sonic advantage with Italy and England. Our printed papers maintain the first rang. In the book trade, as regards French and Spanish works, we have to fear the competition of Spain, and even America. Our preserved food and fruits maintain their superiority, notwithstanding their high price. This is the case also with our oils and our wines. French liqueurs are esteemed beyond all others at Guayaquil. Cognac brandy is imitated to such an extent by braudy made from sugar, that it is difficult to compete with the adulterations." Colts.--Somo of the journals (says the Gazette (le Midi)have stated that the ...counts of the large importations of corn at Marseilles were fictitious ; that the whole aillur a es n transaction of M. do Rothschild for supplying Algeria, and that the numerous vessels that arrived from the Black Sea only touched at Marseilles, and then continued their route for their real destination. The persons who hazarded such fIASCIIIOIIB arc little aware of the activity on our quays, streets, and highways ; they are not aware that the Ithine not being serviceable at the present moment i for the trans port of corn, every vehicle, for miles round, s hired out at are not swore avta f v.iyt a rhepneh r lei from ..nyotsti !,oi.iytnlizß,,,a7 speculations of M. de look ingßoths- ane e x i m i r ee bit i a d n ie t e p p r ee ice ta ; to th rt ey oftheepee Roths child, our merchants have realised large profits , and that our town, as was ever the case under similar circumstances, is the active agent, the Providence of the country. BELGIUM.—Such is the misery, says the Meesager de Gala, which weighs so cruelly upon our population, that in a great number of villages in our neighbourhood slaughter-houses have been established, which compete with the butcher... Scarcely is it known in a village that a horse has been slaughtered before the place is besieged by a host of the working class , who, to the shame of our governors, are compelled to resort to this sort of nourishment, because horse flesh may be had at 12 centimes the kilogramme (about five farthings the pound). Although it is not the young horses ptet ipe: theteot :ern; e d me dse e lh eoda relativeg gorses i * which are slaughtered, the flesh is not the less eagerly sought after by this mass of unfortunates, who are almost dying of hunger, and find themselves very fortunate when they are so lucky as to be able to buy horseflesh for ten centuries, decayed and feeble nourishment as it is for a population con demned to such rude and oppressive labour. BRUSSELS, DEC. 22.—The bill for exempting salt destined fir mixture in food for cattle from the excise duty, was passed unanimously in the Chamber of Representatives. It was understood that salt, intended for the improvement at land, would be also admitted duty free. This afternoon the o t i,,m f ri nn: creditvote dtmer l l eofdorifot thrz fi he v hc e Iwbni m uomtnri i l iiootoi,,,tmind l eo.nhf i Tegre d o wleeth,t et :: a i 1 ii r ie:, chamber resumed the discussion of the budget of the interior, and voted a considerable sum (about 300,000 fr.) for the en couragement of agriculture. A dispute of some importation is pending between the town-council of this city and the government. The former, being anxious to lower Bast octroi duties on certain necessary articles of food, resolved to impose a higher duty on foreign brandies, including French liquors of that description. The government has refused its aauction, on the ground that it would affect the existing relations of Belgium and France. A petition to the chamber was presented by the civic authorities of Brussels, and the central section of the chamber have Fast reterred it to the serious attention of the govenament. DECEMBER 24. The average price of wheat, during the week ending on Saturday, Dec. 19, was 211.590 per hectolitre ; the prices are higher than those of the pre ceding week, by 42 centimes on wheat, and 3 centimes on War Department rye. The Chamber of Representatives pained today a vote It then resumed the discussion of the Budget of the Department of the Interior, which began yester day with the 11th chapter on agriculture. The debate terminated with the rejection of M. Osban's 1 amendment, and the adoption of the sum nmposed by the government. An addition of 5,000 francs, proposed by the 1 o tt.ht,e, announced d celce,e, . e irt. i.dnhz Minis action, i b i a hnpheutmri kr pri mary ..tr--,-:-. not 1 1 1 fir srbt?intelNtr:no:oa 7.4ner;.h:ooecotf. examination, i of civil branches leThmei t esi;t. instruction, iier tltit attention instruction, t iuon M imtofgr r Interior, educationts:. dtc , ro r haeteoe. , :darots h. t t ld : e t: t otohnri :0 : htnipairebeitH:rrtfe directed thisne d g h b l it 1.. e essential er e n l aft referred or p r a e dor y -f which the minister and M. No : be printed and distributed before the 2ith of this mouth. Everybody appeared to be urgent upon the point, that a thorough discussion on the state of primary instruction, and the direction which has been given, is not possible, without being acquainted with the report. The Minister of the Interior declared that he wou ld 00t 77" - ---.... discussion under the head of supplementar%..otkr tor the department of the int er i or , or under tJt—, his budget for 1848. M. Rogier, however, ao a ,,, ee ,, st intention to put some questions to-morrow to th e hi .1r the Interior, which may lead to a debits. Ti t e"""eril adopted today the budget of ways and mean . , artee-ekitk in which the reform of the post-office was part: c . o h rwlit on. The Renate likewise voted the ,:pro; oet dela land-tax fur 1847, the budget of the public &la, and - tht Cations. It then entered on the general debate o f t h e , h ee ._ of foreign affairs ' and the budget of th e finance --"A The diligence from Namur to Louvain has I )eet , layed two days on its way to Namu r . Iv io lls that the snow has blocked up the coal, but we conceive how the dilgence can have been dow ne d e mail as l e . ' A day or two ago a wolf was killed near the railway steal of Liege, drawn, we suppose, by hunger, int o th e - ,, -- sw of the city. A letter from Rome, of th e 10 t h , says..o,, Holiness Pius IX. has been pleased t o g i ve a wal4 audience to his Excellency Prince de Chirna o r — " ) . v oy Extraordinary of the King of the Bel 4"" the Holy Sec. The Princess of Chi may , h e , 24 dren, and her mother, Madame Pellapra, wer e IA:, received by his Holiness. This noble family was e aZu o ., with marks of distinction very seldom granted. IN 1/ 7 nes4 was pleased to r...ceive them in hi. drawing r oom the ladies sit down, and gave all the children (who are handsome), kneeling before him, his ring to ki ee ma lt/ taking the head of the youngest between his hulk CZ them ad.—M. Beamister, director of the bank of had disappeared, leaving considerable debts. fi e l i es — rgo been travelling in America and in Egypt, and after a n! peregrinations has returr.ed to .Muie4t4r and su " himself. S W ITZ D. —The Paris Omeitationsei Wednesday, in referring to the remov..l of the repres s e,e: of the Northern Courts from Berne to Zurich, says 4 - 71i7 day on which the triumph of the liberal party at Be n i: pear d certain, the ministers of most of the powers wi e Z, it to be understood that if Berne took a step furthe r ;74 path of innovation, that town should cease to be theresi of the diplomatic corps. What wax last sunnier only at has become a reality. The inhabitants of Ber ae : - .7,; being willing .to retain their old constitutive, order to keep amongst them the diploraeti.ts, th e number of the latter, on the order of their am have just quitted Berne and removed to Zurich. The si o w, taneousness of their departure evidently shows to am ", argument ; and what imparts to this proceeding all th e "; I : ratter of a demonstration is, that in a few day4,oa din 1, 1847, Berne will become the Vorort Canton, and wig; at the same time, the seat of the directory and of th e Di - g " . It is, therefore, the moment, when they ought m en f f eto ever to remain, that the diplomatic carps have th eae e t at to depart. The French government hasnot dared tosin clew, in this act of ill-humour on the part of the alnolutist ?a m , It would take right good care, whilst maintaioineitsamee ter at Berne, not to appear to assume its part in the m u g revolution of Berne ; and, whatever desire it might lute e dares not yet make common cause with the remain . It has, however, found an expedient, which is to has e ei t t„ resident minister. M. de Buis le Compte ha' ;oar to get t to present his credentials to Dr. Zander, Presidentottla Diet, but he has orders to immediately take leave dal es/ and return to France, there to wait until M.Gurso w summoned up courage to make our amber sailor reside who he ought to be. What a policy it mint be which lion b r such expedients, and transforms into a grand affair the lob. ing of a diplomatist ! It leads alternately to the ri t h r w e ' a and the absurd." DENMARK.—A letter from Copenhagen nisei, that in consequence of the dearness of precisions, the Lies of Denmark has publialml an order of the day, givia g s each soldier an augmentation of pay of four shlo s . (about 2d.) a-day, and an additional loaf every a; days. Each soldier married with the authonsatioa g government, and having three children or more, is receive a second additional loaf every three days. ASIA MIXOIL—PREsEsr STATE OP TIIE SEM CneKcun.s.—At a recent meeting of the A-iatic Society,* secretary read a memoir, by Capt. T. J. Newbold, "N. present Condition of the Saven Churches of Asia, m a ps.; in the Revelation," which the writer has recently chat He observes, that the history of these interesting well known ; but that their present condition timbals lib; adverted to. Ile begins his account with the Church el Ephesus ; the first mentioned by St. John, and that slue still maintains its ecciesiastical superiority in giving a bleu a Greek archbishop while the others have only lishopatt head,—though it is low in statistical importance. Themes: Ephesus is now choked up by a pestiferous morn; sof lonely walls, tenanted only by the jackal, occupy bt site of the once populous city. The village of Aywiat stands about a mile from the ruins; and es . ..walnut% forty scattered cottages, one only tenanted by a Cho-sta. The mosque of the village contains four granite °awn said to have belonged to :he great Temple of Diana—east ruins are still visible near the port. The mosque is gsisso decay, like the Christian church; and everything ippon to be in the last stage of dissolution. Capt. Newbold maxi that some of the granite which funned part of the lairs temple had exfoliated,—evidently from extreme hest; el he suggests that this might have happened when the tame was consumed by tire.—Smyrna, the most flourishing of the whole, is an increasing city. Its population—which?) ens ago was about 77,000—is now above 130,000; and is tidy increasing. There are 5 Greek, 3 Latin, and 2 Po-twat churches. The Greek have numerous schools, ma the Latin a large college ; but the Protestant schools line failed. The Greek church at Smyrna continues in a Bono-C. ing condition.—Pergamus is the most presprrous of it churches, after Smyrna. Tne population is 16,000; dolma 14,000 are Turks, and nearly all the rest Christians. Rs Christian quarter contains '2 Greek churches and 1 Arms nian. Close to the ancient church, Capt. Newbold foot a Greek school; where the pupils were seated on =tie tombstones, which formed the pavement of the mho& Ile gives copies of three of the inscriptions there, nose it which have been hitherto published.—Thystira is stil a flourishing town. It had been lost to the Christian wadi from the fall of Constantinople, under the Turkish sir of Ak hissar, until brought to fight in the 17th century. IL population is above 10,000; of whom 2,000 are Grtek,ii 120 Armenians. The Greeks and Armenians have tuba church ; the former said to be on the site of the amine calyptic church. Captain Newbold co led sere sliasr boas there.—Sardis, the ancient capital of Crimes, is ow more desolate than even Ephesus. Scarcely a house resoin The melancholy Gyg;en lake—the swampy plain oldie Iles mus, and the thousand mounds forming the necropolis aids ' Lydian monarchs, among which rises ci nspicuous the fig tumulus of Alyattes—produce a scene of gloomy 'airmail. Massive ruins of buildings yet remain ; the walla . of whicß made up of sculptured pieces of the Corinthian and hake lumns that once formed portions of the ancient Pagan tem* The Pactoius famed for its golden sands, conta,as no 0: but the sparkling grains of mien with which the sand stoat have probably originated the epithet. Captain Nobel suggests that the singular tumuli of SardiS deserve to be omit and recommends the subject to the attention of the wiry Philadelphia has a population of 10,000 Turks, and* , Greeks. It contains 25 churches—all small and tarlaim containing fragments of ancient sculptures. A massiveria was pointed out as the church of the Apocalypse.—Loshes whose fate had been forgotten for centuries, was broil:Ml light in the seventeenth century. It was, and is, a mds• choly mass of desolate ruins. The hills on w:iich it alai have been supposed to be volcanic,—but erroneously! tla are composed of aqueous beds, chiefly limestone. GOL&B SLNGII AND THE PUNJAB. It is often asked, why was Rajah Golab Stag highly honoured and so tavishly rewarded for his err treachery; to us in sending food and ammunition tcl Sikhs; to his countrymen, ins betraying the cause hey" teered to advocate ? The premises assumed being inmost it is only logical that the conclusion should be falst. 1 ) ! Delhi Gazette—to which the public both of India • England is indebted for a great deal of correct infers& on Punjab affairs—is the Cm udation of the error; 16 its pages, if carefully read, would have furnished Sas correction. Rajah tiolab Singh sent no supplies to tke army; SW he only promised to do so ;—in aselt alamt warrant that they never went, even if we knew IS from other sources that he sent not a man, nor a fns of corn, nor a pound of powder. lie only came oda hore after repeated and pressing calls ; and, when the% he told the durbar, the chiefs, and the undid's. tk s , " they were asses! tmit, if they wanted voice, he, wholes taken no part in hostilities, would plied tor them : !Lc' wanted war, they might go to ruin their own way. Be• • taken at his word, and yet not trusted. Nomatily plea potentiary, he was associated with the most astute tarsus of the durbar; and the fault, therefore, is not his. if me, terms they jointly made were such as the maharsjahlen• himself unaule to fulfil, except by the cesqou of nue veer' tory. And when the British government had becost Pk . sensors of Kashmir and Jummti, Uolab Singh Lad doubted a right to purcha s e, as they to sell it. in a °4 2 for a crore of rupees they took ii; and in esettange.. l crore of rupees they parted with it again. A aaaall of the press has twitted the governor-general will+ of faith in lending hiinself to a vizier in a nefarioastrin upon his master. But the accusation was male in 4 0 ranee of the facts, which have since been published. 001 ; ought in fairness to be retracted. the toltowiag nor bears date so far back as February 3, and shows boreal the governor-general contemplated, as the best pub England, what (blab Siu,;h is said to have, at a lacer suggested fur his own selfish purposes :—" It may and proper, in the course of tue discussions whiecilrlso arise, to weaken the territorial power of th e of Lahore, rendering the Bah:lilts of the Hills tudeper-„ of the Sikhs, and my other means involving DA • • Til° portion of their territory. • s g , are points which can be better discussed, when t he WO_ ! government may seek to approach t he g ovo fro the restoration of peace." (Papers, page ;A) A the Lahore government did approach the general, what was there to preveut such .scho'.eol appropriation from being carried out, and the Ilia teretio, being given to Oulab Singh, as a piece act pone,: r y, reference to any treaties ? Surely nothing forbearance ; and the objections of the craws, th01f,.., amount to this, that only us a last resource did ag. ,s conqueror consent to a partitiou of territory •I• • policy had told him would be wise at first! t thei' t Two things are at all events certain. lst. Ths bar, though publicly poor, was privately rich: aster 110'1:1 they had an exhausted treasury ;us individuals , stores of wealth. Any two or three of its meuLbe...L; have advanced the sum for which Kashmir a n d were given up, and so far preserved, if they hod en" t ie . it, the integrity of their country. With this: es N ei fore us, to talk . about the want of patriotism or 1e0 c '7...4 Golab Singh—the last of a Sikh-wurcivrid tc worse than idle ; or, indeed, as absurd as t 4 c7, i,t Henry Hurdinge of fraudulently scheming. fora 1151 u eountry which conquest had made his own, in it leer 0 breadth. 2ndly. it was infinitely better, ou t only for • for tFe people should be nut o that he might which his arabi contain. It is would have PT ( msootneropou sovereignty In its palmy indeed have evaporated to taint were. the reatofth government &ion ; and if melon tempts away, w. Each I)oal, i half - the .ca WINDSOIi pony phaetot Royal. TW aervice in thli eery ioe. In the rode out in The 1)u pany this C sition of his continues C. Lord and and gallant Hie E ordinary to the B Count ha . cellency, Middleton ing, and it during his tioo, to three wee the Sardi . continued Bright, an at length examinati suited fro The dece year of h . secretary appointed to the Ila his Esev years ail,. nary and been near was highs Sardinian . cemetery Secretary until the I