The Express. — London, England, 1858-04-03 00:00:00

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I F there be one thing which, more than all others, in connexion with the great question of the future government of India, it is of paramount impor tance to enunciate again and again with renewed emphasis, it is that the machinery of Administration, both in England and in India, will be most erroneous in its construction, and most defective in its work ing, if the Councils, either in England or in India. appointed ostensibly to take an active part in the ad ministrative business, are so composed or so consti tuted as to be in effect empty delusions. The next bad thing to no Council at all, is a Council nomi nated by its own President. But not only is it proposed that this system, to a very great ex tent, shall obtain in the Home Council, but that all the Indian Councils also shall be nominated by their own Presidents. In this latter respect Lord DERBY'S Bill only follows Lord PALMERSTON'S. It appears, therefore, that neither of the great parties in the State has any conception of the importance of the contemplated change in the constitution of the Indian Governments. No reason for it has been alleged ; and we suspect that no reason for it could be found by the most ingenious inquirer. We can only surmise, therefore, that it has been inserted on purpose to be struck out. The sooner the ex cision takes place the better. If there be any argument in favour of the ap pointment of Councils in India, that argument no assarily extends to the appointment of independent Councils. That there is such argument we have had a very clear conception, ever since we perused the report of &speech, delivered a quarter of a century ago by an eminent statesman, who had been Presi dent of the Board of Control, and who at a later period budded into a Governor-General, to be cruelly nipped by the wintry discontent of Leadenhall treet, after a short but an exciting period of service. A quitter of • century ago, that eminent statesman delivered himself in this wise, and the words may have a double reading, and be applied as justly to the Home as to the Indian Councils : " When " first a man comes to be acquainted with the work " logs of the Indian government, I admit that his " first impression is that it would be con " venient that the Governors should not be ember " raised by Councillors. There is hardly a circum " stance which would not at first sight induce him "to pronounce that opinion. There is delay, ember " remanent. and annoyance, in having • proposition discussed in Council, in writing minutes and going " through all those operations in a small room, " which are gone through by the Ministers here in "the two Houses of Parliament. It is, in truth, " very inconvenient, but it makes the Government of India a Government of Record ; it makes the " Government here a judge of the propriety of those " acts done in India ; but, more than that, it con• " (rola the passion of the Gorernor (or Secretary of " State); it requires from him reflection as a poll " urinary to action ; it leads to that constant record of proceedings which again establishes a certain, " as ultimate and not distant responsibility; it is " a true security against the abuse of absolute " power." Most wisely and mast truly was this said, a quarter of a century ago, by one who was even then a great authority on all subjects of Indian government. But during the quarter of a century which has elapsed since these sagacious word, were spoken, how must the knowledge, the ripen. mom, the wisdom of that statesman have ripened under the sun of time. How much more plainly now than then must he see the necessity of providing, in every scheme of Indian government, some " security against the abase "of absolute power." How much more necessary now than ever must it appear to him to " control " the passions of the Governor." A great principle is here enunciated. The " passions of the Gorse " nor" mustbe controlled! But how are they to be controlled, if there be no Council to control the Go,ernor, or if, the next thing to it, there is only a Council of the Governor's own creation ? A man is not easily controlled by .his own creatures. If Members of Parliament were chosen by the Minister of the day, what would there be " to control the " Governor" of the House of Commons ? Hitherto the members of the Indian Councils have teen appointed not by the Governor, but by the Court of Directors of the East lodia Company. That Court again is selected not by the Crown, or the Minister of the day, but by an independent con stituency. Now it is proposed that the Crown shall appoint (wholly in Bill No. 1, mainly in Bill No. 2) the Home Council, and that the nominees of the Crown shall appoint the Indian C'ouneils. In accord ance with the existing system of Indian Government the initiatory patronage is vested in a body appointed by an independent constituency, and the subsequent promotion of the men thus appointed depends upon the will of the Governor, who is virtually selected by the Crown, but is subject to the control of the Court of Directory, which has the power of recalling him, and who is associated in the government with a cer tain number of councillors appo:nted by that Court of Directors. At every point there is a constitutional cheek—" a true security against the abuse of abso " lute power." The Governor is controlled at home ; the Governor is controlled abroad. There is security against the abuse of power in the ability of an in dependent authority to recall the representatives of the Crown in India, and in the constitutional privilege of another independent body to record th e i r proceedings—a privilege which we are told establishes "a certain and not distant respon " sibility." And there is security against the abuse of patronage in the fact that the initial appointments are made not by the Crown, but by a Court of Directors elected, for the most part, by an independent constituency ; and that the nominees of this Court, selected from among the middle dames, are wholly unconnected both with the Governor at home and the Governor abroad. The, , i ' „ al ) t 1 1 : t i, ' t I )-_ i THE I•Xt'RESS, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 3, 1858. authority which starts them in life cannot promote ' their subsequent advancement. But all these con stitutional checks are now to be swept away. The Governor is to be absolute at home ; the Governor is to be absolute abroad. Both in England and in India he is to appoint his own checks. The Governor at home, with a packed council of his own, and the Governors abroad, with packed councils of their own, may, as far as we can see, keep all the patronage virtually in the h►nds of the governing classes. Hitherto the best men have found their way to the best places. The Councils of India have been filled by men who have established by their ante cedents an undeniable right to that promotion. And all the lesser appointments have been made, with equal impartiality, by the Governors, because they have had no inducement to nepotism, and if such inducements had been present to them, they would have been controlled by the dissenting voices of their independent colleagues, and by the authority of an independent body, like the Court of Directors, at home. But now the " Governor," absolute and un controlled, is to have all his own way from one end of the chain in England, to the other end of the chain in India—and so farewell to the muscular, sinewy reign of the LAWRENCE*, the Ot'TRAMS, and the Nietiotso:es ! Is this to be tolerated? Is the government of the middle climes to be thus strangled, and the " Governor" to be permitted to inaugurate in its stead the flaccid and feeble reign of the I/OWES ? Or the tens of thousands who can recall with what emotion they have lingered over one of TURNER'S noble " Shipwrecks," those awful scenes of blackness and confusion amidst which the ship is seen stag gering and plunging among the roaring caverns of the ocean, while the fancy hears the straining and groaning of bulkheads, and the shriek of drowning men mingling with the whistle of the wind, are there many who are aware of the frequency of this calamity on our coast ? " GOD help the mariner at sea this wintry night" is the natural exclamation of an Englishman as he hes down to rest, while the howling of the east wind among the housetops tells him that there is a gale at sea, for he knows that before many hours are over he will be reading of most piteous disasters. Bat the wrecks and heavy euualties which threaten shipwreck on our shores do not belong exclusively to these exceptional states of the wind and weather. They are things of daily occatrence. The wreck experience of 1837 was favourable, yet in the month of June the wrecks and perilous casual ties on our coasts were 34 in number, and 14 of the cases involved total loss. Without reckoning col lisions, there were no fewer than 384 vessels, or 19 more than would be sufficient to give one per diem, lost on or near these islands last year. The wrecks and casualties involving serious damage were, to gether, 1,143 in number, being at the rate of more than three per diem. By these circumstances 2,200 of our fellow-creatures were placed iu imminent peril, and 332 found a watery grave. Formerly no sys tematic record of maritime accidents was kept ; but now the Inspecting Cammanders, and Officers of the Coast Goard, and the Receivers of Wrecks, make punctual reports of casualties, which, by order of the Board of Trade, are compiled and published together with a wreck chart, after presentation to Parliament. The present return is a great improve ment on its predecessors, and in succeeding years it will doubtless be made still more useful, by carrying out a stricter system of classification than appears to have been practicable hitherto. On looking at the dotted wreck chart of the Bri tish Isles, we are at once struck by the great number of black spots which mark out the east coast of England as our gnat wrecking ground. The casu alties on this part of oar coast line contributed hut year 52.5 per cent. upon the whole number which occurred on our coasts,—a very large proportion. This is partly accounted for by the great number of vowels which pass and repass along the line, engaged in the traffic of the Tyne, the Tees, the Humber, and the Thames. The navigation also is here ren dered difficult and intricate by the rocks and sands, with which the coast abounds. The Goodwin Sands I proved fatal to 18 t easels, the Dudgeon shoal, on the Norfolk coast, to five. and the G►l loper Bank, off that of Suffolk, to four this year. Another element in the explanation of the bad pre eminence is the want of Harbours of Refuge. But a large number of the casualties which happen here must be set down to another cause : the low character of the seamanship engaged in an important portion of the trade on the asst coast. The masters of colliers and coasters here scarcely think of laying down courses, or using the lead, or consulting charts. " Follow the leader" is the word, until they get on a shoal or a sand-bank, and add new figures to the column of wrecks caused by negligence or inattention. The quality of some of our coasting vessels is a disgrace to the English name. Last year • small schooner from Sandwich was so rotten, th►t while riding off Brid lington her anchor pulled out her bows. Of course she sank instantly, and her crew of four hands perished. The wrecks and casualties, excluding collisions— as to the causes of which a definite judgment is recorded in the present return—are in number 676, of which 72 are ascribed to defects in ships or equip ments. Twenty-nine Teasels were utterly lost from unaeaworthiness. Others had rotten or imperfect gear, or were overladen, or insufficiently manned, and 11 had defective compasses or charts. It is to be hoped that next year will show what were the classes of ships so improvidently sent to sea. Ths want of such distinction impairs the usefulness of the figures before us, and tends indirectly to cast upon the whole body of British shipowners discredit which doubtless belongs to a very limited clam. 132 wrecks and casualties aro imputed to the inattention or carelessness of the masters. Only three vessels were lost for absolute want of seamanship, but 22 stranded through neglect to heave the lead. " Lead and look out" used to be the seaman's favourite rule, but the detailed reports which accompany these tables show how seriously the first part of the maxim is overlooked. Captains against whom no other imputation can be made, zealous and skilful officers, who maintain a high character and hold first-class commands, go on in neglect of this important security until some dire catutrophe over takes them, when they are justly blamed, and pro bably set down for life in the register of unlucky men. The tribunals to which the Board of Trade has referred some of the more serious wrecks have uni formly laid great stress upon the duty of attending to the lead; but there is a growing disposition, especially amongst the captains of mail steamerr who, more than any other class of commanders, need the safeguard of this precaution—to treat these in as savouring of the landsman's pedantry. Men conscious of a high degree of skill and experience are too often tempted, after a long run of good luck, to despise the precautions and rules to which they owed their early success, and the delay caused by taking soundings is exceedingly irksome under such circumstances. Nevertheless, if captains have not time to save their ships, passengers have no time to lose their live', and it is to be hoped that the old and wholesome rule will be rigidly upheld in the disposal of certificates. Out of the numerous wrecks of the year it is pleasing to see that only two are ascribed to intemperance. Collisions at sea form a class of casualties broadly distinguished by their causes, which are almost uni formly to be found in culpable misconduct. It is, therefore, doubly satisfactory to see that, as compared with last year, a diminution of their number to the extent of 39, or 12 percent., has taken place. Among the 33 collisions of the year involving total loss, 23 might have been prevented by keeping an ordinary look-out, 8 were due to neglect of the rule of the road, 8 more to general negligence, and 6 to omit ting to show a light. Of the other 9, ono was caused by the error of a pilot, a second by want of sea room, a third by anchoring in a foul berth, a fourth by the ship missing stays ; only three were lost through the thick and foggy weather, and of two the causes of loss are unknown. These results show that much, even in the present state of our science, may be done to diminish the number of casualties, by which the lives of 780 of our fellow-creatures are lost every year upon an average on our coasts. But even then there will remain a large residue of danger, which we may hope to combat and diminish but not prevent. Without reckoning collisions, the number of last year's wrecks and casualties which the officers of the Board of Trade cannot impute to the culpable fault of any parties, was 662, moat of them arising from stress of weather. The means of rescuing life is, therefore, a subject deserving every atten tion. It is satisfactory to learn from this return that there eve now stationed on the coasts of the United Kingdom 66 life-boats belonging to the Royal National Life-boat Institution, besides the life-boats belonging to private persons, corporate bodies, and local committees. The coxswains and crews of the 66 boats are exercised and maintained at the expense of the Board of Trade, and paid through the Institution. 1,049!. was spent last year by the Board, for the maintenance of life-boats alone. A new arrangement has just been made with the National Life-boat Institution for in creasing the efficiency of the service, and a sum of 8271. has been paid to assist them in placing new boats in situations where they were much required. The method of landing persons from ships in distress by means of rocket and mortar lines in charge of the Coast Guard has been simplified, and there are now 198 stations at which an apparatus of this kind for saving life from shipwreck exists, in' complete working order. The total sum paid out of the Mercantile Marino Fund by the Board of Trade during the year in providing means for the salvage of life on our coasts, and as rewards for meritorious service on that behalf, is 6,0201. It is computed that the lives of 2,206 per sons were imperilled by shipwreck, and of these 398 were saved by means of life-boats, and 243 with the line and mortar apparatus, who, in all human pro bability, could have been delivered in no other way. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (moil °az OWN 00111.18PONDINT.) PARIS, FRIDAY EVENING. The government has, I believe, given orders to its journals tot to make any more fuss about the isle of Perim for the present. It is not wished to dwell upon any subject which m.ght affect the Duke of Malak.ff's reception in London. You may, how ever, be quite certain that the article in the Patrie was not written by the person who signed it,proprio motu, and I am sure that it is intended to bring the question before the next Paris Conference. The Steele, having d)ubtless received an inkling of the way in which the wind blows for the moment, speaks of the violent article in the Patrie, an article of the Presse written in a similar spirit, and an attack of the Constitutionals, upon the Times, u mere boutades (explosions of ill-humour), and does not doubt that the good understanding between the two nations, which was momentarily interrupted by misconceptions, will be speedily re-established upon a solid basis. The Pays," until better advised," considers the telegraphic information from Constantinople that the Porte has rejected M. Thouvencl's application for permission to open the isthmus of Suez as in correct, because it is not aware that the French am bassador has been instructed to take any such step as that supposed. The Pays also explains that the assertion of the Opinion, that the Sardinian govern ment had sent back the last Neapolitan note on the affairs of the Cagliari without making any reply cannot be strictly true. All that has happened is that Count Caroni has desired that certain offensive expressions in the note may be withdrawn before any answer is made. Such proceedings are quite usual in diplomacy, and do not necessarily imply the probability of a rupture. Baron de Bourqucney, ambassador at Vienna, has arrived in Paris. The Bourse has been heavy. The Rente for ac count, after having been quoted as low as 69fr. 55c., became a little firmer at the close, and left off at yesterday's price, 69fr. 70c. For cash there was also no ultimate change. Mobilier fell 6fr. The Orleans Railway fell I Ifr. 25c. ; Lyons, 6fr. 25c. ; and the other lines about 21r. 450. Prince Napoleon, in subscribing to the Lamartine (and, has sent the following letter to M. Lacroix, president of the Civil Tribunal of Macon, one of the delegates of the committee now in Paris: Pau la Royal, April 1. - - • -- Monsieur,—There are glories which are sacred for France ; that of M. Lamertine is of the number. The subscription, therefore, the generous initiative of which has been taken by Macon, cannot but excite the warmest sympatbies. R. 1.11. the Prince Jerome Napoleon, sharing the senti ments of the Emperor in regard to the illustrious writer, wishes his name to appear irony ltately on the subscription list by the aide of hie Majesty's for the sum of I,ooofr. I beg you, sir, to inform the committee of his imperial high ness's intentions. A. Hat r, Secretary of Commands of H. I. H. The Emperor has subscribed for 10,000 fr. and the Minister of the Interior for WOG. There is in the environs of Orleans an ancient chiteau with a charming park, known as La Source, in which the citizens of Joan of Arc's town were wont on Sundays to " walk abroad and recreate themselves." There has been of late great wailing in Orleans, in consequence of a report that the chiteau was to be pulled down and the park sold in lots. Happily the entire property has been ppv•chased by Captain de Pohgnac, of the let Chaueurs, with the money of a fair Scotch heiress, Miss Jessie-Anne Runsay, whom he met in the English colony at Tours, wooed, conquered, and married. The public are to continue to enjoy their old privileges. haps it will end in the acceptance of a part of the offered services, and it is stated in some letters that a number of Corsicans have already arrived there. The advent of the English tones to power has not rejoiced Austria one whit, as it might have been thought likely to do, and great displeasure is shown at Vienna and at Milan on account of the publication in the Moniteur of Orsini's' letter to the Emperor. Austria is apprehensive that it may be again in con templation to ameliorate the condition of Italy in order to diminish the host of refugees, and to quench the madness and fury of despair in their minds. I suppose you know how, at Padua, all the students assisted in church, and with the greatest 1 collectwduesa, at a funeral mass for the soul of Felice Orsini. 'I hese young men deplore hiserror, and blame his offence, but are unwilling to forget that the spirit which animated all the actions of Orsini was always his intense desire for the independence of Italy, and his hatred of her foreign oppressor. The Austrian government uses all possible efforts to appear easy and agreeable, and would fain assume a httle even of the liberal tint; hut in every instance it is ob'Aged to unmask, and appear again such as it really is. Many arrests have been made daring the last few days, and in some cases of persons of im portance. Pratt, a poet of high reputation amongst us, born a Lombard subject, but a naturalised Pied montese, went to Padua, furnished with his pass port, to embrace his little daughter there, but after staying two days he was expelled by order of Lieutenant Count von Bissingen. No sooner had Prati returned than he transmitted to Count Cavour a circumstantial notice of the fact. The artifices employed too by the Archduke Maximilian to seduce public opinion to be in favour of Austria, are, as I have before observed, more ingenious than success ful, and even the counsels of his father-in-law, the King of the Belgians, a consummate politician, do not suffice for so difficult an undertaking. Not long since the Archduke excused many of the small com munes the debts they owed to the State, and ho thought a great sensation would be created by this liberality; but the communes showed themselves slenderly grateful for being forgiven a debt which they . had been forced to contract by the necessity of paying taxes beyond all reason excessive. The nobles always retrain from attending the court festi vities, and the Archduchess, young and fair as she is, continues to be extremely mortified at this, re membering the throng of visitors she was accus tomed to see and to be pleased with in her father's court at Brussels. A few days ago a Milanese Countess was conversing with the Archduchess, when the latter said, " There are political parties in France and Belgium too, but, notwithstanding that, they go to court and dance ; whilst here, at Milan, they do not." The Countess replied, " Yes, in those places they do go to court, because in France they are all French, and in Belgium they are all Belgians." A rumour was spread yesterday that the Neapo litan Minister's answer to the Sardinian ultimatum had already arrived. It was, however, a false re port, but every one thinks the answer will not now be long delayed, and that it will be a negative one. In this case, what will our government do P The first thing will be to send a memorandum to all the maritime powers, explaining to them all the true state of the case, and showing them how the proceed. ings of the King of Naples, by violating . a principle of international maritime law, inflict an injury on all the nations that have an interest in that law. I believe that what our diplomacy will next do must depend on the success of the memorandum. Mean while, it affords us great satisfaction that the opinion of the English people shows itself daily more favourable to us, with regard to this business, and the opinion of Dr. Phillimore, a masterly authority with yon on such subjects, is certainly worth a heat of other adherents. Your government will, per haps, object that the discussion of the point of inter national law comes too late and is useless, seeing that the two English engineers are already released. I would have it remembered, however, that the Sardinian government has already, and a long time since, invited them to consider this disputed point, and the Daily News has been discussing it for two months past, but Lord Clarendon could never be in duced to apply his mind to it, and he seems to have been more ready and willing to please King Ferdi nand, with whom you have broken off diplomatic re lations, than to assist the loyal Victor Emanuel, who has not hesitated to spend for England both the money and the blood of his people. P.S. It is :rumoured at this very moment that Naples has rejected the last note of Count Cavour, without making any reply. If this rumour has any foundation I will write again to-morrow. A. THE BOMBAY MAIL be court. WINDSOR., APRIL 2. There wu no addition to the royal dinner party yesterday. The Queen and Prince Consort, with the Prince of Walee, attended Divine Service this morning, and received the Sacra ment of the Holy Communion. The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Windsor oftleieted. The Earl of Derby returned to Richmond, on Thursday r"ternoon, aftsr'attinding the Confirmation of the Prince of Wales, at Windsor Castle. (ROY LAST NIGHT'S CILZWITZ.) FOREIGN -OFFICE, MARCH 31.—The Queen hen been grsoionaly pinned to appoint Sir John Fianna Cramp ton, K.C.8., now her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiiii to the King of Hanover, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of all the Rutuias. The Queen ham also been graciously pleased to appoint An drew Buchanan, Esq., C. 8., now her Majesty's Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of Denmark, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Queen of Spain. TheQueenhasalso been graciously pleased to appoint George John Robert Gordon, Esq., now her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary to the 81. Confederation, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary rid Minister Plenipoten tiary to the King of Hanover. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Captain the Honourable Edward Alfred John Harris, late her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires to the Republic of Chile, to be her Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary to the Swiss Confederation. The Queen has also been 6.eciously pleased to appoint the Honourable Henry George Howard, now Secretary to her Majesty's Embassy at Paris, to be her Majesty's Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint the Hon. Henry George Elliot, now Secretary to her Majesty's Legation at Vienna, to be her Majesty's Envoy Euraordi nary and Minister Plenipotectierf to the King of Denmark. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer Loftus, now Secretary to her Majesty's Legation at Berlin, to be her Majetty'a Envoy Extramdinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of Austria, The Queen has also been graciously pleased to apt Viscount Chelsea to be Secretary to her Majesty's Em bass y at Pali'. FOREIGN -OFFICE, APRIL I.—The Queen him been graciously pleased to appoint Frederick Doveton Orme, Esq., now Secretary to her Majesty's Legation at Copenhagen, to be her lia* of ty's Charge d'Affaires and Conaul-General to the Bolivia. The ßepa Queen bas also been graciously pleased to appoint the Hon. Julian Henry Charles Fano, now Secretary to her Ma jesty's Legation at St. Peterobr-g, to be Secretary to her a ty's Legation at Vienna. he Queen has also been graciously pleased to "mint William Lowther, Esq., Secret/1y to her Majestia late Lor gad= at Naples, to be Socretaii to her Majesty's Legation at Si. Petersburg. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Augustus Berkeley Paget, Esq., now Secretary to bar Ma leitly's Legation at Lisbon, to be Secretary to her Majesty's ation at Berlin. ha Queen boa also been gndoaaly pleased to appoint Edward Berries Esq., now Secretary to her Otology's Lo gsdon at Berne, to be Secretary to her Majesty s Legation at Lisbon. tiiieen has also been graclowly pleased to appoint Joseph Ilium Burnley, Bog.. now First Paid Attache to her Majesty:a Legation at St. Petersburg, to be Secretary to her M esty a Legation at B• 141). The Queen has also been pacionaly plosaed to appoint Wen. Campbell Manley, Req., now Paid Attache to he r lgo)sot 's Legation o pen Athena, to be Secretary to hen Ma jesty's at Chagen. 1/0111.61011 -OFFICE, MARCH 24.—The Queen has barn graciously phased to appoint Gragorio Luigi Marc, Esq , to be bar Majanty's Como] for the lalamt of Samoa ST. Lune's PALACE, APRIL I.—The Queen has been pleased to appoint Advised &Daley, Am., F.A.S., and James Pepsi, laq., F.A.S., to be Someone ExtraonLinazy to Les Majesty. HIONIAND AND AOILICOLTEOLAL SOCIETY Or SCOTIA PlD.—Tlse Prince Comet has accepted SA illititStiOU to be present at the manual meetings of this society, whkh ere to be held at Aberdeen at the close of the month of August wit The Duke and Duchess of Manchester have left town for Kimbolton Castle, Hunk', when their graces will entertain a Wed circle during the holidays. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland have left Stafford House for CSdden Park, nay Maidenhead, to peas the holidays. The Earl of Vendam has taken a mansion in Stanhoperstrest, Perk-lane, for the season. The noble earl and counter ems to town immediately afks the recess. Lord John Russell, immediately after the holidays, will resume the occupation of Ma residence in Cheatuun. place, just vaested by Lord Panniers. _ _ _ The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart., M.P., ham left town for his OW In Woroentarehtre. The right hon. baronet returns to town early In the ensuing week. ITALY. PIEDMONT. (710 X 0111 OWN COOMISPONDINT.) TURIN, blescx 30. The discussion upon the Conspiracy Bill will not commence in our Chamber of Deputies until after Easter. People's minds continue to be much divided, and it will be one of the wannest and most stormy controversies that have ever arisen in our parliamentary arena. The clerical party of the Right flatters itself that it will be able to render even the existence of the ministry very precarious, and already puts forward the names of Revel, Mena brea, and one or two others, as its successors. But the country is aware that, should Cavour have fallen, and liberal principles have been overcome, Revefhimself would serve but as a stepping-stone for the advent of a merely reactionary ministry. I have therefore no doubt that the law to which I refer will obtain a sufficient majority of suffrages. Several most honourable members of the Left side will give their votes for it, and some worthy deputies who are accustomed to vote with the Right will do likewise. It is true that the latter mean to with draw when the Chamber has to decide on the adop tion of an amendment which some members intend to propose, and the effect of which is, that all offences of the press, including also those relating to reli gious matters, shall be submitted to the verdict of a jury. In consideration of this, Buffs and Miglietti, who form the minority of the committee, will abstain from introducing this amendment into their counter project. Another event may yet occur which in deed would bring about a different modification of the bill. A journal published at Oneglia, entitled Il Pensiero, is now awaiting trial for having commended regicide, and Brofferio has been selected as advocate for the defence. Now, if the tribunal should condemn Il Pensiero, a cry will be raised by many people about the need lessness of that provision in the second part of the bill, by which penalties are decreed for publishing an apology for political assassination, this being sufficiently provided for by the existing laws. You are aware that Brofferio has been requested by the family of young Hodge to undertake the conduct of his case, should it be requisite ; but it will certainly not be requisite. The English and the Sardinian governmnits have acted in this affair with great humanity, and France is now content with your im prudent though generous young countryman being subjected to a strict interrogatory. From the prison he has been transferred to the Hospital dei Certi fied here in Turin, because he is much affected with cheat disease. He does not deny having furnished Orsini with a good deal of money, but meets that he did not know for what purpose it was to be employed, and that the Italian cause seemed to him one so fair and noble that he would willingly have bestowed upon it the remainder of his private property. The soundest and most generally prevailing opinion in Genoa is that the sentences passed by the tribunal upon those concerned in the conspiracy of last year are tolerably mild, considering the excessive severity and inexorable provisions of our penal code, except ing that the condemnation to many years' imprison ment of Savio, chief editor of the Ytalia del Popolo, is regarded es enormous, and not exactly in ac cordance with the laws. The tribunal wished to punish, in Savio, the moral agent and instiga.or of the conspiracy, but, fortunately, o ur legislation opon the press does not supply . the means of con demning any one under what is called in France proefs de tendanee. We are waiting in Piedmont with some nnoer tainty and anxiety to see what turn the new policy of the English government will take—if it does take a new turn—and what will be the character of the system of military police which Napoleon 111. seems to aim at establishing. His first idea appears to have been to cover all Europe with an army of his own police agents, and so provide a vast network of reports and informations, all brought to a head in the office of the Rue de Jerusalem at Paris. I am enabled to assure you that the Due de Orammont at Rome has condoled with the Papal government upon the lack of ability displayed by lus police, and has offered, in the Emperor's name, to send thither thirty or forty French employes to come in aid of the Wei perienee of the local authorities. Cardinal Antonelli , sets this proposal aside as well as he can , b ut per. THE AUSTRIAN PROVINCES. The Cologne Gazette contains an article and a letter from Vienna, which appear to betray some little apprehension respecting the tranquillity of the Lombard provinces. Thu letter from Vienna mentions a report that the Archduke had sent in his resignation to the Emperor on account of a demon stration made by the Milanese nobility, offensive to his dignity, and that the Austrian government, which feels very uneasy about the state of the public mind in Italy, had sent off, without delay, three fresh regi ments to reinforce its garrisons in the Peninsula. We know not how far these facts may be exaggerated, but in the mein they coincide with in formation derived from other sources. The Inde pendence Beige gives us the following extract from a letter dated Venice, March 27 : The Influence of the spring le acting on Italian heads; their spirits are surging upward.. The anniversary of the revolution of 1848, the trial and execution of Orstui, have also contributed to increase the tumultuous ferment of the popular and national passions. That revolution, which broke out ten years ago, was put down, and they have been able to maintain order since; but it is easy for any one to convince himself at the present time that the government has not gained one iota ofprestige or of sympathy from public opinion. A year ago the Emperor Imo here, and the young prince whom he placed at the head of the government unites all the qualities necessary for acquiring the love of the people, if the thing were possible. Be ardently desires to gain their hearts; he exhibits that dazzling display of luxury that has always exerted so great • charm upon the artistic southern temperament; his bounty resembles prodigality; his affability towards all has been unchanged, and, besides, he takes • sincere and true interest in our country. In a word, the archduke appears to have no greater or more heartfelt wish than to continue the glorious traditions of Venice. lie bas thrown open the gar ens of the royal palace to the public, end lengthened the finest public walk in the city, if nut the finest in the whole world, the Rift dei &hiavoni. He has bad the decal palace renovated, which he intends to use for official receptions, and when the mayor of the city, Cunt Marcell; came to thank him, he answered him in • manner most flattering to Venetian patriotism by making him the most gracious pro. mime for the time to come. This is one side of the medallion, the bright one. Unfortunately there is another end a dark side. During the whole time of the carnival the public made unceasing and most significant demonstrations of opposition at the theatre. Thus, when they were playing • piece in which there was • conspiracy, the conspirators and the mast striking passages were received with frantic applause; when they were giving • ballet, in which there figured • dogel in his national costume, neither Tsglioni nor Tamberbk was ever received with such enthusiasm as this walking gentle man filling the part of the !lista+, personage, whose memory has remained so dear to the hearts of Venetians. On the 22nd of March, the anniversary of the revolution, the " Peaks" theatre became the scene of a tremendous row. Madame Stromi, the wife of an officer, was the cause of it, though of course involuntarily. She appeared In the theatre with • head-drew of teethes, half of which were yellow and half black, like the Austrian colours, The angry shouts that were raised upon her entrance became so threat ening that she deemed it proper to retire, an act she could not do without having to be protosei by a group of officers. A few young men were arrested in the course of the evening, and then released, but the theatre was closed next day "by order." On that day the crowd, which was very dense near the gates of the royal garden, made a point of not entering, and the walks remained deserted until night. At Padua, the rung men of the University wanted to celebrate the obse quies of Orsini. Twenty francs were sent to spriest, with • request that on such • day and at such an hour he would perform • Requiem mass, but he was not told for the repose of what soul be was going to pray. All the students attended, and near the end of the service one of them struck up • de 1. rofundis, whereupon all the bystanders joined in the chorus. The police let them alone, but the schools have been closed on account of these facts, se, well as of the provocations and quarrels between the students and the garrison. One of the students wee all bat thrown headlong from the ramparts in cousequeses of • die puts of this nature. Three manifestations are not the only ones that could be instanced. According to the cedars of the Archduke, it is said, the polies keep oat of sight, and pretend to rake no notice of what is done. But if this be really the can, It is hard to explain the publication of two ankles Is the official Gazette of Milan and Vreioe, which have made& very bad impression. On the other head, tb• censorship has interdicted the publication of ea abridged history of Venice, by M. Cantu. It forma part of a work now printing at Milan, under the tells of "The Cheat of the Lombardo- Vanden Kingdom.' SUCCESSES IN OUDE. We have received our adviees from Bombay, with dates to the 9th ult., in anticipation of the Overland Mail. The following is from the Bombay Times of March 9 : HEADS OF INTELLIGENCE. The bombardment of Lucknow has by this time commenced, and the doomed city is moat likely in our possession. Sir Colin Campbell left Cawnpore on the 28th February, and arrived before Lucknow on the let March, and hostile operations immediately com. menced. His Excellency was at Dilkoosha, one of the suburbs of Lucknow, on the 6th March. Sir James Outram, with 6,000 men and 30 guns, crossed the Goomtee on the 6th March, when he was attacked by the enemy, who were repulsed. Several spirited affairs occurred at Alumbagh during the last fortnight, which invariably ended in the defeat of the rebels. On the 26th the enemy attacked the position in great strength, but were driven back with the loss of two guns. General Franks, after a series of brilliant vic tories, joined the Commander-in-Chief at Lucknow in the beginning of March. On the 19th February he successively defeated two bodies of the enemy at Chanda, and captured six guns. On the 23rd, he again attacked them at Sultanpore, killing nearly two thousand men, and taking twenty guns. After this, he proceeded by forced marches towards Luck now, and arrived there about the 4th or bth inst. General Hope Grant, being detached in pursuit of a body of rebels, who attempted to cross into Rohil cund, took Mungeree, the stronghold of the Nana, by storm on the 23rd February. Five hundred of the rebels were killed, and four guns captured, while our casualties only amounted to sixteen. The Nana has fled, it is supposed towards Bundelcund, but his whereabouts is not accurately known. The Goorkhas, under Jung Bahadoor, were pre paring to cross the Gogra, into Oude, on the 2nd March, and would immediately advance upon Lucknow. Colonel Mitchell occupied the fat of Rhotasgnrh, in the Shahabad district, on the 17th February, the enemy having retreated and dispersed before his force. General Roberts, with the greater part of the Rajpootana field force, is at Nusseerabad, and is pre• paring to lay siege to Kotah, where a large body of rebels are assembled. The brigade under Sir Ilugh Rose has left Sangor, and is advancing towards Jhanai via Shahgurh. The Punjaub is tranquiL Sir John Lawrence arrived at Delhi on the 24th February, to settle the disturbed districts of Rohilcund. The Peninsula and Oriental Company's steamer Ava, with the Calcutta and Madras mails for En g . land, was wrecked off Trincomalee on the 17th February, but the passengers were saved. The mails, however, and about 180,0001. of treasure, are totally lost. The Governor-General was at Allahabad on the 7th March, and the Governors of Madras and Bombay are at their respective presidencies, which are quite undisturbed. Sir Henry Somerset is in Bombay, bat Sir Patrick Grant is on a tour in the provinces of Madras. The 92nd Highlanders, from Gibraltar, arrived at Bombay cia Suez on the 6th March, and will be stationed at the Presidency. The 71st Highlanders have left for Mhow, to join the Central India Field force. The 18th Royal Irish remain at Poona. The money market continues easy ; our import market has improved, and contracts for goods to ar rive have been entered into at advanced prices; tonnage is abundant, and the rates of freights have not improved. SUMMARY. The interest of our present intelligence is confined mainly to the position of matters at Lucknow, which is either under assault or in our possession, at the time we write this. General Outran, who has held the post of honour and of danger se long at Alambagb, and triumphantly repelled, with his small force, a series of almost ceaseleu attacks made upon it during the last three months, has taken commend of the first infantry division Of the army under Sir Colin Campbell, now before the devoted city. Our latest intelligence is derived from an official despatch, dated Allahabad, the 7th inst., from the Governor-General to Lord Elphin stone, and is as follows : " General Outram crossed the Goomtee below Lucknow yesterday, with 6,000 men and 30 guns. He has since been attacked, but repulsed the enemy. The Commander-in-Chief is at Dilkoosha. General Franks had joined him. The bridge for Jung Bahadoor, at Sultanpore, was completed on the 2nd, and the Goorkahs were to cross on the 2nd or fol lowing day.* It is seldom in our history that we have sent into the field a force of such numerical strength as that now assembled before Lucknow, while it may be fearlessly asserted that its condition and appoint ments are altogether unprecedented. The many distinguished leaders, too, who command this force constitute a new feature in our military history, and the brilliant constellation of generals around Sir Colin Campbell forms a striking contrast to our 1116• mories of the Crimean staff, where bravery was never wanting, but generalship constantly. The army of Oude has been organised as follows : ARTILLERY DIVISION l , our Brigades Under hisjor.oeneral Bir A. W ilson, Bart.— ix troopsof Horse Artillery; ten companies of Foot Artillery; the Naval brigade under Captain W. Peel, C.B. •, two companies el Royal Engineers; Bengal Poppers and Miners; Punjab Sappers sad Miners; corps of Pioneers. CAVALIT DIVISION (Two Brigades.) Under Brigsowr-General Sir J. H. Gnat, K.C.B.—H.M. 9th Lancers; H.M. tad Dragoon Guards; H.M. 7th Has. ears; 2nd regt. I'ncj aub Cavalry ; detachment dth Light Cavalry ; 2nd batt. Military Train ; Hodson's Horse ([an gular ; Wale's do. do.; the Volunteer Cavalry, &c. FIRST INFANTRY DIVISION (Two Brybeedee. M. Under General Sir James Outran, O.C. Fusiliers, H.M. 84th Regt. Foot, H.M. 78th Highlandws, H.M. 90th Light Infantry, H. 8.1. Co.'s Ist Madman millers, Regiment of Ferocepors. SECOND INFANTRY DIVISION g e r:Brigselesi a H.M. H.M. 34th Rftt. Foot, 63rd . Foot, H. . 42ed Highlanders, H.M. 93rd Highlanders, 4th Rest., Pannell) Riess. THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION (Two Brigades). Under Brigadier-General Walpols.—ll.M. 23rd Regt. Foot, H.M. 79th Highlanders, H.E.I. Co.'s Ist Bengal Fu siliers, two battalions Rifle Brigade, 2nd Regt. PuMmtb Infantry. The artillery comprises a heavy siege train, and numbers about forty light field pieces and nearly sixty heavy guns. If we compute the rest of the force at fifteen hundred European sabres and ten thousand European bayonets, with three thousand native horse and as many native infantry, wo shall probably be within the mark : European. Native. Artillery Cavalry 1,600 ... . 300 0 Infantry Giving a total of about twenty-two thousand men of all arras, of whom fifteen thousand are Europeans. Since the above organisation of the force was noted in general orders, General Franks has joined the Commander-in-Chief, and will probably be appointed to the command of Second Infantry Division. The accession of this column will augment the European force to nearly twenty thousand men, it being ' formed as follows :—One troop of Ro yal: Horse Artillery; one company of Foot Artillery; H.M. 10th Regt. Foot (one wing) ; H.M. 20th Regt. Foot; H.M. 97th Regt. Foot. In addition to this reinforcement, news of which reached us yeeterday, the Nepaulese auxiliary force of 10,000 Ohoorkas, under Jung Bahadoor, must have reached Lucknow by this time, and its arrival will bring our force up to 40,000 men, with an overpowering artillery. The general impression if, that as many of the rebel heat as can will wake their escape from Lucknow ; the desertion of large numbers, in view of the concentrating storm ap proaching the city, being already reported. It seems to be very generally recognised at last, in spite of the violent counsels which ruled a little while I Ono bet end as fa eelw &an wom Tb calve Febri “ 1 four p pound The l Frank