The Express. — London, England, 1862-10-24 00:00:00

TEE EXPRESS, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 24, 1862. THE DISTRESS iN LANCASHIRE. (MOM OUR SPICLIM_CqRIISPONDIRT.), MANCHESTER: Ocr. 22. No part of England, I think, has a more marked character of its own, iu regard both to its external appearaneeand tothe peculiarities of its:inhabitanta, than that portion of the cotton country known as East Lancashire. It stretches from Belton and Bury northwards to Clitheroe and Colue ; while Rochdale and Blackburn may be taken to represent Its extreme points on the east and west. It pre aentstheappearance to a stranger of &confused mass of hills and valleys, for while it is watered by innu merable streams, they all run a rapid and brief coarse, and the direction of the watershed is per plexingly various. A large part of it was reclaimed from moor and forest at a comparatively recent date, and many even of the cultivated fields have a touch of their old wildness about them yet. Divided by grey stone walls, they run up to the very top of the low ridges, growing rushier and browner as they near the summit, where not unfrequently some jutting mass of rock, or the bright gorse, or the purple leather contends with the scanty grass for the mas tery. There is a little corn in the bottom lands, which even now lingers dank and sodden in the fields ; but farmers find it more profitable to pro duce milk and butter for the teeming population ; and the chief sign of improved culture is not the substantial buildings and rich crops of grain and roots of more favoured regions, but well kept fences, and drained fields, and a greener, thicker grass upon the ground. The hills do not stand out against the sky in any bold Linea of brae or precipice ; the valleys are rarely shut in by any overhanging walls of rook ; the little rivers are turbid with the refuse of dye-works and mill ; the trees are gnarled and stunted by the scanty soil and the in clement sky. The grey farmhouses stand moss grown and weather-beaten on the hill sides ; in what remains of the original villages, the buildings lave a rough, sturdy, but not unpicturesque cha racter, as if they were the abodes of a strong race, who were engaged in a hard fight with nature, and meant to win it if they could. And they have won it. Every turn of the valley reveals a fresh triumph of human patience and industry. Now it is a soli tary factory, or print-works, or paper-works, rising by the stream side, with its church and schools, and rows of attendant cottages ; now a village, grown up by the aggregation of three or four such ; now a busy town, with name hardly yet inscribed upon the map of England, but finding work and foci for six, or eight, or ten thousand souk. There are many greati,milla in East Lanca shire, but it is pre-eminently the country of small ones ; where men are still perpetually rising from the ranks, and struggling to comfort—often to affluence. And though the picture which I have tried to draw of it may not appear to some readers rich in forms and hues of beauty, it is nevertheless a region which makes a strong claim upon the affec tions of those who are springing from its soil, nor is devoid of a certain simple picturesqueness of its own. Never brooks ran through greener, quieter "cloughs" than here. The long sweep of the hills, enriched sometimes by plantation, and topped by breezy moorland, is the place upon which the shadows of the clouds love to play. And the whole country rolls in waves so abrupt, that the hill aides gird about the towns on every hand, and there is hardly a street but has the green fields, lifted up before it, full in view. Of this district, Blackburn, a town of 63,000 inhabitants, is, though not the geographical centre, the most important place. It lies in a valley watered by two rapid streams, but extends itself, polypus like, in four or five long arms, up the adjacent hill sides. The cause of the straggling shapelessness of the town is, that much of the land belonged, till lately, to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and was in the hands of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who would only let it on 21 years' leases—au arrangement not favourable to building enterprise in a manufacturing place. Now, much of the soil has been sold to the lessees—and the benefits of the change of tenure are already apparent. Black burn, the centre of one of those vast parishes, the extent of which, in many parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire, testifies to the former wildness of the district, is a place of some antiquity, as the square church tower, still standing, blackened by age and smoke, by the side of a newer edifice, remains to show. Round this an old town, of crooked and narrow streets, had gathered itself, now fast dis appearing under the hand of improvement. Streets are being cut through land hitherto covered with mean cottages ; handsome shops and offices are rising on every aide. Few towns, of whatever size, can boast a more splendid town-hall, a more convenient mar ket. Still, the whole place, to the eye of a stranger from the more stationary regions of the south would appear unspeakably chaotic. Single buildings have a finished look, but hardly a whole street. Everything has the air of a new factory—as if it bad been built with a prophetic view to extension. You perpetually pass from well-paved roads to others where the cinders from the engine fires are out into deep ruts, or lie iu oceans of black mud. Houses, milli, bridges, have been built at first as cheaply and as plainly as was consistent with effi ciency, and are now being replaced by more durable and more beautiful structures. Still there are abundant signs of prosperity handsome churches and chapels, many and good schools, a fine park ; a noble infirmary, not yet, however, brought into toe ; mills, in extent and solidity of construction inferior to few. In twenty years' time, if all be well, Blackburn will be, in its centre, a stately town, and the cinder roads, the half-formed streets, the irregular lines of factory and cottage, will be pushing themselves farther and farther over the hillside. The cloth made in Blackburn is for the most part of coarse quality, in which the price of the material stands in a high ratio to the amount expended in labour—a manufacture, therefore, which soon and heavily felt the pressure of the present distress. Many of the millowners are weavers only, bringing from other districts the yarn which they make into calico. This trade, which is commoner in East Lancashire than elsewhere, is carried on chiefly by small men, many of w Loin are themselves just emerging from the working class. Larger manufac- turers, who have a command of abundant capital, are accustomed to look up 3u this business as ono of precarious profit ; yet it frequently becomes remunerative, even in times of no more than average prosperity, by the active personal supervision which the manufacturer exerts over the hundred or two hundred looms which he has col lected in his cheap but convenient " shed." It is chiefly for this class of men that Blackburn, alone of all Lancashire towns, Las an Exchange of its own, chiefly a yarn market, held on Wednesday, and frequented not only by the small manufacturers of the district, but by many of those who have at tended the great Manchester gathering of the pre ceding day. But all these circumstances, while they concur to make Blackburn one of the most rapidly growing towns of Lancashire, at once deepen the intensity of the distress and lessen the lassos of relieving it. Seventy-four cotton-mills, strictly so called, within the limits of the borough, are owned by some 62 or 63 firms. Of these not fewer than fifteen have been utterly ruined by the distress. Their mills are stopped, their ma- , 1 chinery sold o ff , the proceeds divided among their creditors, and they themselves left to begin the world anew. Two or three more have succeeded in making a composition, have thus preserved their " plant," and either have continued to work, or will eventually work, their factories again. Then, in Blackburn, the policy of extension, of which I spoke in a former letter, has been pushed to • great and imprudent degree. Some, upon whom the sun of prosperity is just beginning to shine, who are anxious not only to get on in the world, but to keep their place in the race which they are running with all their neighbours, are apt to flatter them selves that, if good times will not last for ever, they will at least last long enough to repay the money borrowed to build the last loom shed, or to replace the negative balance at the banker's. So the debt is contracted, the loom shed built, the engines put down ; with a brisk trade, all engagements can be met ; the cotton can be paid for, the wages provided, interest of money secured, if only cloth can be sold in Man chester as fast as it can be made, and at a remu nerative price. Difficulties appear and thicken, even if demand grows dull ; how must it be at a time like this, when the barest possibility of profit is attained only by those who can afford to buy and sell precisely at their own time The borough of Blackburn contains, as I have said, 74 cotton mills, usually employing 24,199 hands ; of these only 2,749 were, during the week ending October 17, in full work ; 6,237 were working short time; and 15,213 were wholly out of work. Thirty-six mills were altogether closed. Just outside of the borough, on the south side, are the townships of Livesey and Witton, which, for all but municipal and parliamentary purposes, form a part of the town. There are 12 mills in Livesey (from Witton I have no return), and a population of 3,972 souls, of whom 1,775 are utterly unemployed. A slight element of confusion is introduced into the account by the fact that many persons working in Livesey and Witton may live in Blackburn, and vice versa. But making due allowance for this fact, we may safely conclude that 16,500 persons are now wholly dependent upon public or private charity. The union of Blackburn extends over a great tract of country. It comprises no fewer than 24 townships, containing very nearly 120,060 inhabit ante. Last week 19,345 persons were relieved, at a coat of 1,0201. 7s. Bd., an increase on the preced ing week of 1,184 paupers, and 651. 10s. 4d. in money. The union is divided into four districts : Blackburn first and second, Darwen, and Oswald twistle ; iu each of which • committee of the board sits for the purpose of granting relief. A rate of 3e. in the pound was laid in February last ; a second rate of the same amount was levied in September ; and the guardians, finding a difficulty in the collection of the last from several of the town ships, are about to apply to the Peor-law Board for borrowing powers. Notwithstanding this great pressure of taxation, the rate of relief is below the average, amounting to no more than is. Old. per head. Up to the present time the management of sewing classes and adult schools has been left to private organisations of charity. For the moment the labour test is not enforced. A few weeks ago, a considerable number of men, receiving out-door relief, were occupied in various i labours of public utility, and especially in levelling land belonging to two neighbouring proprietors, who paid the board for the work done, at the price which would be asked by a respectable con tractor. The labour was unpopular with the paupers, who petitioned the guardians for its cessa tion. The request was granted ; but with a reduc tion in the rate of relief. Such a measure, we may be sure, was not popular with any of the re cipients of relief ; doubly unpopular with those who were really willing to work for their wages. In this condition the question hangs suspended for the present ; whether work will be resumed, and under what circumstances, rests with the Black burn guardians and the Poor-law Board. A general opinion (which it is satisfactory to record) seemed to prevail in the town, that it would not be difficult to find useful work for the unemployed poor. The whole district is divided into sections for purposes of charitable organization. Livesey and Witton—s 3mewhat unnecessarily, as it appears to a stranger—have each relief committees of their own. Darwen, a town of some 10,000 inhabitants, con taining paper and print works in addition to its cotton mills, has recently organized itself on a libe ral scale, the inhabitants having contributed upwards of 3,0001. to the fund. Oswaldtwistle has also its own subscription and methods of relief. My attention will be confined wholly to Blackburn, which both for the intensity of its distress, and the length of time which it has already lasted, offers in its various charitable schemes, most points of interest to the public. At the same time, as Live sey is practically part of the borough, I may briefly summarise its relief statistics. Last week the committee relieved 432 persons also in receipt of parish pay, whos3 average income was 90. per head ; and 335 persons not upon the parish, whose average income amounted to no more than 41d. per head. The cost of relief was 341. 7s. 4d. Out of 7201. expended or in hand, 4501. had come from the Lord Mayor, and 501. from the Manchester corn. mittee. In justice it must be added that many of the manufacturers have privately done a good deal for their hands ; one firm in particular having dis tributed since the distress began snore than 500/. in money and goods. The operations of the Blackburn Relief Com mittee began in December, 1861. Since that time the sum of 12,5921. 12a 9d. has been received and expended. An analysis of the subscription list shows that of this amount 3,8001. has been received from the Lord Mayor, 2,6001 from the Manchester committee, and above 2,0001. from miscellaneous sources. Of the rest, 3,0601. ban been contributed by resident, and 9471. by non-resident owners of property. The original subscription, began ten i mouths ago, was upon a somewhat small scale, 1001. ' being considered a liberal gift, and some 1,4001. being the whole amount raised. Stocks of cotton were then large ; and manufacturers, unwilling, as most men are, to believe in the full intensity of an impending evil, persuaded themselves that they had only to make provision fora three months' trouble, , and that the American war, with all its attendant cala mities, would be over in the spring. Since that time, as I shall presently have to record, private charity ' has effected much in Blackburn ; and the week's need, to a far greater extent than appears in the published subscription list, has been met by the week's gift. It might fairly be questioned whether, looking only to the effectual collection and distribu- ' tion of funds, some modification of this plan might not still be advisable ; whether it would not be better to pledge the wealthy inhabitants to a re gularly recurring gift of so much a month as long as the need lasts, than to draw upon them at once for a donation, which, while it shows more con- apicuously iu a subscription list, may not answer its intended end so well. However this may be, the chief citizens of Blackburn have now resolved to look their difficulties fairly in the face. It is cal culated that from all sources at least 1,5001, a week will be needed throughout the winter. 0u Wednesday last, therefore, a meeting was held to inaugurate a second local subscription, to reach if possible the sum of 15,000/. It was well begun, Mr. Hopwood Hutchison, the mayor, who took the chair, contri buting, as will be seen, 1,0001. Several eloquent and masterly speeches were delivered by Sir Jas. P. Kay Shuttleworth, Bart., and others. The following subscriptions were announced : Clergy of Established Church and their friends £2,000 Joseph Fielder, Fact. His Warship the Mayor l,OOO W. 11. Horsby, Esq., M.P. Pilkingtoa Brothers and Co. l,OOO Major John Baynes , Art. Volunteers 3,000 Colonel H. R. Jackson, Art. Volunteers W. Esq. W. D. CCooddddmmgton and Sows 250 Wm. Dickenson and Sous Wm. Entwistle, Esq IE3 Firth and Sturdy lOO James Thompson, Fact. Lewis Brothers lOO T. Hindle, A. BullouglM ts. lOO This. Lund and them lOO A. W. Paterson, Esq 5O Joshua Armitage, Esq. Joseph D. Bolton, Esq. 5O And several others of lesser amounts. The list is expected to reach 15,0001. in a few days. The different speakers were unanimous in repudiating the articles on Lancashire manufacturers which have appeared in the Times. It is stated that their special correspondent was told that many liberal subscrip tions were awaiting the opening of the second subscrip tion, which was delayed only till nearer the cold sea son. It is also stated that information such as the following—that in Blackburn 20 per cent, in number of the firms engaged in cotton manufacture had suspended payments—was kept back by him ; so that he could lead the public to believe that ma nufacturers were working to a profit. Moat of those whose names appear in the above are either employ ing their workpeople, or have aided them consider ably up to the present time. When, in my next letter, I proceed to describe the various methods of relief now adopted in Black burn, it will be my duty to show how the large and successful organization of sewing schools and adult classes has been effected by private energy and benevolence other than that which finds its expression in the relief fund ; but as much has been said of the apathy of the millowners throughout Lancashire, and especially in Blackburn, I made what inquiry I could into the facts of the case. I confess that I find it difficult to express anything like a decided opinion. From the circumstances which I have mentioned, I think it is clear that there are many men in Blackburn who, though they are employers of labour to a greater or less extent, would not, in common honesty, be justified in making large gifts to a charitable fund. There may very well be those who take a too narrow view of their benevolent obligations in times like there some, probably, who can give and will not. Of one thing I am very sure, that much has been done by manufacturers which has never made its way into any subscription list. One large firm is distributing food and money to its workpeople at the rate of 1201. a week. A donor of 1001. to the first subscription, has since, I have been assured on good authority, spent far more than ten times that sum in benevolent objects. One man has set some 20 or 30 of his best hands to out-door labour, at 15s. a week, and speaks highly of their steadiness and efficiency ; another raised a fund of 2001. or 3001., which was spent in employing the same class to level the waste land round the Infirmary. Another firm has spent in provisions, coal, and soup very nearly 0001. The active and intelligent secretary of the relief fund is a young manufacturer, just beginning business for himself, who openly told his townsmen that he had nothing but time and energy to give, and has throughout the year given these with unsparing hand. Of rents which remain uncollected I take little ac count ; they ought, I think, to be set down as an item of manufacturers' lose, not as a part of their liberality. A few months ago, any story of a millowner's working his mill to a disad vantage was listened to with a smile of half contemptuous credulity ; now, those who are acquainted with the trade, know that all but the fine spinners incur a certain loss on every pound of cotton that goes through the machinery. I heard of one gentleman who was thus working up cotton, on which, by a single stroke of his pen to a Liverpool broker, he could have realised a profit of sd. a pound. Another of the small manufacturers had bought yarn for his weavers, which he could sell again to bring him in a gain of 3001. On being advised to sell it, " Naw," he said, " I bowt it to keep 'em going, and they shall have it." Ido not mention these things to show that manufacturers are men of an exceptional generosity—better than all other ; but only that they are no worse : and I know that in thus publicly recording them I am risking the displeasure of those who have given me the information. The millowners, with whom it chiefly rests to contend practically, and from hour to hour, with the evils which others commiserate only at a distance, have some claim upon the for bearance of their countrymen, but a much more imperative one upon their equity. Neither men nor classes are wholly bad or good : and such an enumeration of facts as I have given is the single safeguard against the injustice of a sweeping verdict of either praise or blame. FATAL OCCURRENCE AT BERVICE.—Frve MIN DRORNID.—EarIy on Monday morning a• accident of • most melancholy nature occurred to a crew, numbering five men, of • pilot boat belonging to Bpittal. About five o'clock on that morning the captains of four pilot boats discerned a vowel out in the bay, and being deceived by the darkness, mistook it for one of the London and Berwick clippers which was due, and hourly expected. They in stantly manned their boat., and proceeded towards the ship, each boat striving to be the first to reach the vessel, so as to secure the pilotage. The night bad been very stormy, and the wind was still very violent. From some cause or other—perhaps from the stream of canvas put on, or, sa it is alleged, from the boats fouling in their struggle— one of the boats, which was the foremost in the race, cap sized, and, with her crew, instantly disappeared beneath...be surging waves, Up to Tuesday afternoon no tree' of the boat or of her unfortunate crew had been seen. The names of the drowned men are—George Wood (pilot) Edward Wood, and James Wood (all out of one house) ; dohs Wilkes and Alexander Wilkes, young men, and brothers. George Wood has left a wife and • family of six children to deplore his loss ; and his brother Edward two children, and his wife near her confieement. The accident has cast a deep gloom over the village of Spittal, and much sympathy is expressed oo behalf of the bereaved relatives. Tke vessel which the boats went out to meet proved to be only passing the bay, and we have not heard her name.—EdisburyA Courant. 1A)24.6 OF THE ROYAL MAIL STEAMER CLEOPATRA. —The official inquiry into the circumstances attending the lore of this steamer was resumed at Liverpool yesterday. Nothing materiel beyond what has already been reported transpired. The decision of the anthoritass will be given to-day. . _ [Advertisement.}—frou.owAY's Prue AND purr ■EXT.—Bilious Disorders.—ln nonrgen of the body does dame present Itself so frequently and to such varied forms as the liven and in no affections is it more Important to apply Immediate and safe treatment. Holloway's remedies happily phioe the means of cm e within the reach of all : his Pills, aided by energetic friction with his Ointment on the right aide, will soon reduce the trouble some dyspeptic symptoms, and perseverance with these preps rations will ensure a perfect recovery without any great re strictions In habits or diet. This treatment safely reduces the enlarged liver, so often indicative of too great indulgence In the pleasures of She teas, nor bit ler Olds* *repairing Imper fect algestia* THE POLICE COURTS. MARLBOROUGH -STREET. ✓oAs Pryer, the keener of a refreshmeat house in Lei cester-square, formerly booms as " Kate Hamiltou's," was summoned by the polies for knowingly suffering prostitutes to assemble in his house. Inspector Draper: C division, said he visited the defen dant's house several times between twelve and three o'clock on the morning of the 9th inst, and found from two to seven women together, and ►bout 30 men. The house was dosed ►t a quarter to live o'clock. The defendant said he would plead guilty. All he wanted, as boohoos to plead guilty, was for the magistrate to Ilse him. Mr. Koos said it was not for the defendant, who ranked in his estimation with the brothel•keepers and other pate of society, to lay down the law. He could not understand the different phases this house had goes through, but he could enure all parties concerned that the law war strong enough to reach them. inspector Draper said this was the first offence since the license had been put in the defendant's name. Mr. Knox—Then in that case the penalty will be 40a. and costs. George Morris, a private of the Royal Horse Guards Blue, was placed at the bar before Mr. Ingham, charged with stealing • gold chain and breast pin from the person of Mr. George Blake Leheup Rogers, recently gazetted to a coroetcy in the sth Dragoon G uards. Prosecutor, who reside, at 11, Queen's-road West, Chel sea, stated that at 11 o'clock on Wednesday night he met the prisoner at Knightsbridge, and having entered into con venation with him upon military subjects, invited him to supper. Prisoner suggested that they should go to • re. freshment house for that purpose in the neighbourhood of Euston-square, and they got into an open cab. After proceeding some distance in the direction of Easton. square they stopped at a tavern and had some thing to drink, the cabman also going in with them. They only proceeded a little longer towards Eus ton-square, when persecutor, considering the distance there too far, ordered the cab tack to Knightsbridge. When he left the tavern his watch-chain was safe, but when they left the cab on their return to Knightsbridge it wee gone. Prosecutor mentioned the circumstance, when prisoner watched his breast-pin out, and walked away with it, speak ing as he went on to some loose women. In Ammer to an inquiry from the magistrate, the prose cutor said he was quite sober. Edward Bulliphant, 268 B, rid that the prisoner was given into his custody at 3 o'clock that day morning on Knightsbridge-green, by the prosecutor, charged with steal iog his gold chain and pin. Prisoner said he wax innocent. Witness searched prisoner, and found part of the stein of a breast-pin stuck in the lining of his jacket. Prosecutor expressed • belief it wee his, from its being bent a little io the worm. The constable, in reply to the magistrate, said that pro secutor was in liquor ; he was neither drunk nor sober, but witness thought he knew what he was about. Prisoner was sober. _ Prisoner imputed to the prosecutor that while in the cab he made an advance of a disgraceful description, and then gave him a couple of shillings. Prosecutor had been about with soldiers all that evening. Prosecutor admitted that he had spoken to several other soldiers on military affairs. Mr. Ingham asked prolocutor whether there was any truth in the allegation of impropriety made by the prisoner. Prosecutor replied—Most emphatically, no. Prisoner said that when he was taken to the station a constable there recognised the prosecutor as •person who had been guilty of like advances to those he had mentioned with another soldier that night. Mr. Ingham directed the constable named to be fetched. Henry Malt, 6 B, on arriving, said be saw the prosecutor on Wednesday night, opposite the Roes and Crown, Knights bridge, with several foot soldiers. He was in liquor, hut not so drunk as to be unable to take care of himself. He saw prosecutor take hold of a Blue round the waist, sod heard the latter make a reply (unfit for publication, and which had a tendency to show that the Blue felt himself insulted by • degrading overture). In answer to Mr. Ingham, witness declared that prosecu tor almost embraced the Blue. Mr. Smyth, on the part of the proescutor, said that as this defence had been set up, he trust particularly ask for a remand. He understood that a chugs of the same sort as the present had been previously made against the prisoner, who then adopted a corresponding line of defence. It having been stated that a corporal of the Blues was in attendance, Mr. Ingham desired him to stand forward. Corporal Nichols said the prisoner had been io the regi ment four years. He bore a very good character and was a good soldier. He had been formerly io the 10th Hussars, and was in active service in India and the Crimea, where he bad gained two medals. Prisoner had never been charged with any offence like the present or witness must have known it. Mr. Smyth again pressed for a remand. For the sake of his client's reputation, this was a matter that ought to be fully investigated. The imputation under which he laboured WAS one, unless cleared away, that would render him unfit for the society of gentlemen. A remand was fur ther necessary that efforts might be used to trace the pro perty. The corporal baying expressed a wish to put some qua lions on behalf of the prisoner to the prosecutor, Mr. log. ham said he might do so through him. Prosecutor, in reply, repeated that he had spoken to other soldiers, both of horse and foot. He denied that he had asked the prisoner to go into the park with him before they entered the cab. He could not say whether the pin he had lost was gold. The corporal observed that the piece of the stem of a pin found upon the prisoner was not gold, and was valueless. He begged the magistrate would hear another policeman, who had important evidence to give. William Higginbottom, 299 B. said be saw the prosecu tor at Knightsbridge at • little after 11 on Wednesday night. He bad been drinking, but knew what be was about. He was in company with some Foot Guards in the street. Witness here described his conduct to one of them, which clearly indicated • most repulsive advance. The soldier's designation of the prosecutor after he left showed his notion of his character. Witness, on beiog cross-e:ainined by Mr. Smyth upon the neglectof his duty in not taking the prosecutor iotocustody, said he hardly saw sufficient grouods, and prosecutor went away the moment be approached him. He certainly might hare taken him had be wanted. Mr. Ingham observed that the evidence be had beard satisfied him that the prosecutor was so far intoxicated as not to know what he was about, and if that were so, what case could there be against the prisooer ? And that evidence had been given by disinterested persons and by . the police, who were sometimes thought to be antagonistic in their feelings to the military. He w■s looking at the evidence before him,without giving any opinion of whether it was true or untrue ; but upon that no charge of felony could be sustained. The stem of the pin could not be identified. Mr. Smyth having again preened fur a remand of some description, . _ Mr.' Ingham called upon the accused to enter into bia own recogniaance., to appear that day week. well High-street. Those places where seamen congregated were the resort of most infamous thieves and prestitutes. Mr. Self* said he committed a man for trial on S.turday for stealing a watch from a seaman in High-street, Shed well, and he was tried as the Middlesex Sessions on Mon day, convicted, and sentenced to three years' penal servi tude, and he knew the judges would visit with severity all tens of this description. The inspectors of police in attendance said many thieves had been sentenced to four and five years' penal servitude for stealing watches in the public streets. Mr. Salle remanded the prisms's for a week. SOUTHWARK. Thomas Evans, a middle-aged man, described on the charge sheet as a commission agent, residing at 17, New street, Rotherhithe, was brought before Mr. Maude (sitting for Mr. Burchaml, charged with being concerned with others tried and convicted at the April sessions of the Central Criminal Court in stealing and receiving rope of the value of 3,0001., the property of the London Ropery Company, Bermondsey. Detective Hughes stated that in the early part of April last, three men were committed from this court for stealing 3,000/. worth of property belonging to the Ropery Company • two of them were -yenta, and the third was a carman. : The prisoner was included in the charge as the receiver of the property, but he absconded. He was, how ever, included in the indictmenta, and true bills were found against him u well as the others. The latter were tried at the April sessions and convicted. Two were sen tenced to six years, and the third to three years' penal servitude. Mr. Mande asked whether he bad evidence to show that the prisoner was the man described in the true bill. Hughes produced & certificate from Mr. Avery, the clerk of the Central Criminal Court, showing thri Thomas Evans wee indicted with three others at the April sessions, and true bills were found against them all. Witness knew the prisoner to be the party, as he bad been looking atter him ever since. He had however, a witness in the service of the company, who could prove the prisoner to be the person indicted. The prisoner admitted the fact, and was committed to Helmets for trial. Charles Harris and Esther Crane were charged with amaulting the police under the following circumstances : Burch, 237 M, naid the previous night, about 12 o'clock, be was on duty io Kent-street, and saw the prisoners and several other persons outside a public•house. He inquired of the male prisoner what be wee doing there, to which he returned an offensive reply, after which he and the other prisoner went in the direction of St. George's New Town, and knowing them to be thieves he followed them. The male prisoner threw a stone at him, and the female pri soner flung a brick at his bead, after which they both assaulted him. . This evidence was confirmed by another constable. bat the prisoners said that they had only acted in aelUdefenos, and that the first witness had struck them before they threw an at him. The magistrate sentenced the male prisoner to one month's imprisonment, and the female to pay a fine of 10s., or in default to seven days imprisonment. THAMES. Michael Lacey, • wellitno;; thief, was brought Wore Mr. Self. charged with assaulting and robbing • man un- known of hi. watch. _ . Frederick Anne, a German, said be was a carpenter in the royal navy, and he bad been lately paid off from 004 of her Majesty's skips, On the previous evening be saw the pri soner and three others attack a sailor, who was intoxicated, in Hatcliff.highway, and take his watch frosts him. The four thieves sere looking at the watch in front of the Prus sian Eagle public•house, and were passing it from one to the other, when be raised an alarm, the police came up, and this four thieves absconded. The prisoner was one of them. Mr. Selfe—Where is the mau who was assaulted and robbed ? _ _ A policeman replied that be could not be found, but If the prisoner was rem►nded be should most probably be able to find him. Three 'Games were robbed of their watches yesterday °retain in Ratcliffe-highway and Shad- SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALLS.—ThirRaDAY. In the City Aurelian, who, for the past two or three days, bad been in • decidedly equivocal position in the market, wae to-day in force, and there was • general in famies that be woo his trial with Baron Munchaueso, with whom it was reported be was to be put through the mill. Umpire would have been backed at 12 to 1, while Myrtle, who was generally mentioned to have won the trial, advanced to 20 to 1 (offered). A large number of friends were still backing Dictator, and on the previous eve**, at a well-known resort, a thourod pounds level had been laid that he beat anything. King of Diamoods receded under suspicion in the City in the morning to 25 to 1 (offered), end made • further retrograde movement at the Corner to 30 to 1 (taken) ; while on the other hand his companion Gorse "came" to 33 to 1 (taken freely), the latter, according to • general im passion, having been found the best of the Baron's at the weights. Lord Clurow's 4-yr old Clarissa colt, whose merits bad been much put about during the past few days, wu in great force in the City all the morning at 100 to 6, and at the Corner he was supported freely at the same price. The other transactions will be found fully detailed in the following list of pikes at the close : CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 10 to 1 agst Mr. W. Goater's Aurelian (t) 10 to 1 Mr. Ten Brooch's Umpire (t 11 to 1) 100 to 8 Mr. Fobert's Dictator (t) 16 to 1 Lord Stamford's Limouns (t) 100 to 6 lard Glasgow. Clarima colt (t) 100 to 6 Mr. J. Smith's Queen of Spun (of) 20 to 1 Mr. G. W. Fit‘ardliaras'sMyrtle (t) 25 to 1 Mr. J. Smith's Martineau of 25 to 1 Mr. C. A. Ragere s Q ueen o f Trumps (I) 30 to 1 Mr. Elphinstone's Lapidiit (t) 30 to 1 Baron Roil=luld's King of Diamoods(t) 33 to 1 Baron Rothschild's Gone (t) 33 to 1 Mr. Johnston.'. lady Ripon (t) 40 to 1 Mr. R. Boyce's Conqueror (t) 50 to 1 Count F. de Lagran ge ' s Stradella (t) 10 to 1 Mr. R. C. Naylor's Agag (t) NAVAL AND MILITARY. ADICIBALTY, Ocr. 23. —A PPOINTMINTS. —Lieu tenant J. A. Forbes, to the Adventure. Assistant PsymasterJ. Riving, to the Adventure. Assistant Clerk H. G. Snowden, to the Marlborough. Engines J. S. Pidgeon, supernumerary of the Bacchante; and J. Stocks, of the Malacca, confirmed me seoond.claas usistant engineers. PORTSMOUTH, Ocr. 23. The Galatea, 26, screw frigate, Captain It. Maguire, under orders to proceed to the West Indies, is detained at Spithead, in consequence of strong westerly Plot. The Channel fleet, under the command of Rear-Admiral Smart, K. If., consisting of the Revenge, Captain Fellows. ; Emerald, Captain Cumming ; Defence, Captain Philmore ; and Resistance, Captain Chamberlain, are lying at Spithead, but will sail, as soon as the boisterous weather moderates, for Usbon. Prior to their departure they will be joined by the Trafalgar, Captain Dickson, from Silearllall. The gale still continues from the S.W., and this morning the Sealark, brig, parted from her mooring@ at Brockhurst. hole, and drifted. She was towed back again by a steam tug to her original moorings. Several accidents have hap pened during the past few days, during which period the storm has raged with intensity. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAMBRIDGE, Orr. 23. CORPUS CHBlari Couroz.—An open scholarship (clwaical) on Sir Nicholas Bacon's foundation has been adjudged to Henry Ernest Fanshawe. Mr. Fanshavre was educated at Renton School. Two sizarships at this col lege have been awarded to James Watts Wilkinson and David Nicholas Um:4n. MARKETS. TALLOW. THUBBDAT -The market was steady today. At the close prices were quoted as follows : Spot, new, 475. 6d. ; all the year, 475. 3d. ; December, 475. 6d. ; January to March, 475. 6d. to 475. 9d. ; March, 48a. Delivery to hat evening, 738 casks ; nitrate ilitto, 50 casks. COTTON.—LivairooL, Ocr. 23.—Our market is quiet again to -day at yesterday's prices. The sales Sr. 4.0C3 bales, including 70 American, 23d. to 28d. ; 3,740 Surat, 144 d. to 18141. ; 120 Egyptian, 130. to 27d. ; 70 Maranbam, 25d., of which 3,000 are for speculation and export. The week's import is 53,787 bales. WOOL AND WORSTED.—BRADFORD, Ocr. 23.—The business doing in wool is very limited indeed. The high price', which are exceedingly firm, prevent operations beyond a very limited extent indeed. In yarn, there is a steady demand for home consumption, and spinners con- tinue remarkably busy upon old contract.. Export mer chants are pushing for the delivery of orders previously placed, but are doing little in the shape of new business. This is owing to a certain extent to the necessary closing of the Russian trade, but also in consequence of the high prices checking all speculation, and compelling the merchants to buy only to order. The piece market is exceedingly quiet. Little or nothing is now doing in plain goods, as both merchants and drapers at home and abroad are well stocked with goods at old rates, and the orders hitherto given in fancies for the spring are very small. The orders taken by manufacturers before the advance will still require • few months for completion, and it is to be hoped that by that time the Confederate government of America may have succeeded in finding means to carry out their recent proposition to supply us with cotton, and that a more general demand for our fabrics may then set in. At pre sent, everyone abstains from fresh business. LACE AND HOSlERY.—Nomxonau, Ocr. 23. Trade has been exceedingly dull during the past week, sod we are yet unable to speak hopefully of any branch either of the kw or hosiery businesses. Notwithstanding a recent temporary giving way in the price of cotton, it did not exer cise the least intiueuce on the quotations for yarns ; in fact, many splinters declare that they will not re-open their mill■ until they see ► reasonable expectation of profit. Consider. able depression prevails on all sides ; but it must be remem bered that this is the time of the year when the shipments to America have usually made good the lack of the demand from other quarters, ►nd that many circumstances have supervened just now to make it probable that for • few weeks the trade will be worse than at any subsequent part of the winter.—Roftinghas Journal. CORN.—B/RMINGHAII, Ocr. V.—At this day's market there was a short supply of wheat from the farmers, which sold at rather over previous currency. Fine barley dearer ; other kinds firm. Oats tending downwards. Beans and peas declined Is. per quarter. BRISTOL, Ocr. 23.—Our market to-day was moderately supplied with English wheat, which met a fair wile at hut week's prices. In foreign rather more doing, without alters tine in value. Fine malting barleys in request, and la. per qr. dearer. Grinding qualities sok( freely at a decline of lid. per qr. Oats slow of sale, and previous values nominally supported. In Indian corn very little doing. DEVIZES, OCT. 23.—We ware fairly supplied with both wheat and barley to-day, and had • very heavy trade. Very prone dry wheats, which were scarce, sold at last week's prices ; inferior le. lower. Other corn as before. Beat red wheat, 21's to 29e. ; second ditto, 21s. to 'Xs. ; inferior ditto, Is.. to 21s. ; barley. 40a. ; cats, 21s. to 30s. beams, 20e. to 22e. ; peas, lA.. to 21s. ; rye, 21s. ; old 809 dour, 445. to 48s. ; other flour, 39e. to 42.. MANCHESTER, Ocr. 23.—At our market this morning the best samples of English wheat were taken more freely at fully last week's rates; for Amenean winter red there was also a better demand et an advance of 2d. to 3,1. per 1001bs, while other sorts were quite as dear. Flour was in slow request, without alteration in value. In other articles there was no variation to notice. NEWARK, OCT. 22.-At this market there was more dis position to purchase dry wheat at the full priors of last week, other aorta neglected. Fine barley made Is. per qr. more money, for secondary sorts there was no sale. Oats and beans offered at less money, but little business doing. NEWBURT, OCT. 23.—We have this day to report a mode rate supply of wheatfor which there was a steady demand, the best descriptions making fully Is. per qr. more money. The same remark may be applied to barley, prices ranging from 30a. to 40s. per qr. Oats, beans, and peas cootiuue dull. trximmxix, OCT. 23.—The moderate supply of wheat at to-.lay's market has no effect upon the trade, which is very dull, except the good samples for seed. The beet price given is Ms. The trade in spring corn is slack; the priose lower. Flour, 465. to 51.5. per suck of 2801bs. EDINBe R om. OCT. 22.—We bad in the market today 869 qrs. wheat, 871 barley, 1,743 oats, and 63 beans. There were sold—New wheat, 248 qrs. ; old do., 94 ; barley, 8 48 ; oats, 1,228 ; and beans, 9. As compared with last week : —Old wheat was 6s. down on the top, and la. 7d. down on average ; new wheat was Is. up on top, and 2.. Bd. up on average; bailey waa 3e. 6d. up on the top, and L. ld. up on the average ; oaks were 6d. down on the top, and la. NI down on the average; beans were same on tbe top, and 6d. up on the average. Wheat. new , 38a. Od. to 7th. • old, 52.. Od. to 64a.; barley, 53e. Od. to 38a. 6d. ; osta, 17s. 641. to 325. Od. ; beans, 46.. 6d. to 61.. 6d. Weight of top—Wheat, new, 6311 w. ; ditto, old, GS;Ila, ; Lae,. ; oats, 4416 a. ; beano, 6711 a. CATTLE.—Baniror.„ OR. 23.—There was a good sup; of beef at our market to-day, for which there was • vLi f active demand, end most of the beasts on offer change! hoods. Best descriptions sold readily at full pnew namely, from We. to 6.5 e. per cwt., and middling ',wait,. fetched last week's quotations. A short supply of *beer, with an unusually brisk trade, and an advance in price, Best wailers fetched Bd. per lb., and in some Matures wore was given ; and from 7d. to 70. was given for ewe, &wady any lambs in the market. A good many stort rattle, with a middling trade. Very few store sheep. A good supply of pigs, and, the Irish packets coming in lat e w ith several consignments, there was a downward teudenev in prices. Bacon pip fetched from Be. 6d. to Bs. 9,1., aed porkers from 9s. to 9s. 3d. A limited supply of ankh rows, with a quiet trade. A shorter show of horses, Lad business rather heavy. Norrnroicur, Ocr. 22.—Here today there was es abundant supply of fat borate. and about as average attend. owe. The demand ruled very Bat, and 'ellen had to submit to a fall in pekoe of fully 3d. per stone. There us • large show of sheep, for which the inquiry proved lanpuel, sod late prices were hardly realised. The supply of lambs was limited, but quite equal to the demand, at late term,. Calves were • moderate show, and previous rates were nu. Wied. Of pip the show was meagre, and , prioes were unaltered. Quotation.:—Beef, 6e. 6d. to is. 3d. p er stone ; mutton, 64d. to 7441. per lb. ' • veal, 7d. ; lamb, t d. to BtcL ; pork, 6s. lid. to 7s. Od. per 141 b. EDINBURGH, Ocr. 22.—The supply of cattle this may. lag was larger than last Wednesday, there being Gm. or 2r,9 more than at last market. The quality was generally of as inferior description. Good beasts, being scarce, fully main. Wiled late rates. On. lot of twelve oxen brought 2si. s heed, being Bs. 6d. per stone, and the top price ; cures: top Bs. to Be. 3d. ; current price from 7a. to 7s. 3d. ' • rald dltng and inferior, from Is. 4d. to 6e. 6d. per atone. The supply of sheep was small ; the number being 6,299, or 12 less than last week, 1,716 of which were store lamla. The demand was good, consequently sales were easily effected at prices fully equal to those obtained last week. Top price of the beat mottos, ; current for the belt, 7d. to 71d. ; ewes, from aid. to 6d. per lb. Fed pin brought from Is. Od. to 6s. Od, per stone ; six to eight weeks old do., from ss. 6d. to Be. 6d. a head. TRAFFIC RETURNS. =an Per Wer- Tong, Ts* aAn.wAri open moors ohmage MI 1.611 6 Week ending Oct 12. 6 A it Antwerp & Rotterdam — 677 751 LOA 1,416 London, Tilbury, & South end Yitenslon Royal Owlish V. est nsdius Oct. 14. 5. Au t. & Lombardo-Van (South Au.. Line) 1006 17,109 29,319 49,427 31.779 (Lombardo Line) Central Italy Branch Miasma to Bologne 91 2,481 1,932 4,413 3,123 Week ending Oct. 17. Belfast &N. Counties—. 1,072 933 2,006 trli Limerick end Blida 241 148 98 246 to Limenck and Formes 97 66 161 Waterford and Kilkenny. 111 160 244 404 ,4 Waterford and lAmerkk 77 776 673 1.447 1431 Week ending Oct. l& North Beate= SOO 16,619 28.323 64,941 43 , 42 Stockton and DerUngton 163 2,916 6,392 9,006 OW SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. CASUALTIES, Bravo, from Llyerpo011o; LRpoot (llWine), has put back.— Liverpool, Oct. 23. Mon O'Brien. from Bassein, in attempting to dock In Albert Dock, touched on fluckingion, but was towed off, and it now (lilting down the river, apparently bag oettling down in the waver.—Literpool, Oct. 23. VESSELS !WOKEN WITH. Hibernian (ea), from Liverpool for Quebec, Oct It Mary Millar, ;rom Leith for Melbourne, Sept. lb, fat 9 N., I , u tL W. Michele °slated; from Cardiff for Monte Video, Sept. 20, Intl N., lon 27 W. Pride of the West (barque), from Calder for Liverpool, Sept. u, let Pi 4., ion 22 W. Robert Parker ,ship), from Calcutta for London, Sept. 14. Woodcote, from Adelaide for Swansea, off the Althorpea. GREATWEISTERN RAILWAY OTCANADL.—Tilerecev haff.yearly report of the director hav i ng caused much du. ratifianion among the shareholders living in Birmingham,. meeting was convened by advertisement, and held on Than. day, at the offices of Mr. B. Cheshire, solicitor, Temple row. Mr. Cherhire was called to the chair. After on. adorable discussioe, it was proposed by Mr. Harrison, and seconded by Mr. Bodily, that the following remonetranou be forwarded to the board of directors :—•• 1. It appearing from paragraph 12 in the report that the directors still entertain the question of an amalgamation with the Grand Trunk Railway, and this meeting being fully conviood that the position of the two oompanns is so widely different that it is quite impossible it could be effected upon any terms without endangering the ruin of the Great Western, as reference to the financial position, the state of the flack and condition of the rolling stock of the Grand Trunk will convince any one, therefore it is hoped the qua Lieu of amalgamation will be altogether abandoned. 2nd. That the late attempt to obtain a bill from the Canadian parliament for this object has created a want of confidence in the directors, and this meeting wanders that the pro. visional agreement, signed by the board in contemplation of such amalgamation, ought to be disclosed to the dais holders. 3rd. That this meeting has read with alarm the report of Mr. Sharp, the car superintendent, from which it appears that upwards of fifty carriages end cars have been entirely broken up during the past half year as unfit for further service ; and it having been stated that the rolling stock of the Great Western has been used over the Grid Trunk line during the put winter, and no reference been made to it in the report, it is felt that some explanation of such unprecedented damage should be given by the bard." Birmingham Daily Post. THE COLLIERY ON FIRE AT WIOAN.—The efforte which have hitherto been made to extinguish the firs is Messrs. Mercer and Evans's High Brook Colliery, Park-lane, near Wigan, have been unsuccessful. At the end of last week, the covering of the down-cast .haft, the one nearest to the four-feet mine in which the accident clocurred, was blown up by an explosion of gas, and since then expiates has succeeded explosion with startling rapidity—oo Wad nesday morning, for instance, no fewer than seven taking place. It has thus been impossible to keep an airtight covering on the downcast pit, but the boarding over the up. cast shaft remained firm till Wednesday, when it am scattered in all directions by a rush of more than ordinary force. Another plan is now beiog tried to extinguish the fire—a large quantity of stain being thrown into the down-cast shaft, which ha. *Can been closed. This, it is expected, will pass Woa , that portion of the workings where the fire exists, and will drive before it the smoke through the uposat pit. If a current of steam can thus be sent through the pit, it is hoped, should no further explosions take place, to subdue the fire in snort time, and check further destroctioo of property. it s believed, however, that the fire has not reached the Eve-fed seam, which is very extensive, but is confined to till four-feet mine in which it originated, and to the yard sal, adjacent seam. -• Beware of pills and all other medicines ; they always aggravate chronic complaints, bet We and Da Burl ielicious health-restoring Revalenfa Anton 1..1 the Wog remedy for habitual constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia. t'w" sumption, coughs, catarrhs, asthma bronchitis, Ombra haemorrhoids, nervousness, pslpitatiou, aridity. nausea. Se ? • teary, phlegm, distension, biIIOUNICII6, torpidity of the Me. Andrew Urr, 11. D., P. LS., Dr. Harvey. Dr. Nitoriand, Dr. Camp' bell, Dr. Witmer. It reel any times its cost 111 other remedim In Una, 11b., 2a. fd. : 12 lb., 225--Barry du Barry and CO. 77, Regent-street, London also of Yortnnm and Mason Phdhpi , Batty : Petty and Wood „ and all respectable grocers and cheassit —f vertimmeut. j BIRTHS, MARRIAGNS, AND DEATHS. BIRTHS. ANOAS.—Ocinber 18, at Warsrlck.road, Upper Clayton, the *Or of J. H. Angaa, Fag., of a daughter. CH B.IB7OPHERSON.—Octuber 20, at Blackheath, Mn.s D. Cbri.- topbenon, of►• son. GRAIL( M.—October 21, at Herne-hill, Surrey, the wife of Mr. C. H. Grahams, of a daughter. HALL—October 21, at Queen-quire, Westminster, the wiff J. C. Bali, Esq.. of a eon. SIA YRS& —ocloher 12. at Weston Rectory. near Ifecd'i• the wife of the Rev. Henry Myers. of a dauchter . fillEPPAßD.—October 20, at Warwick Lodge, liswrfs ,, '` l • Middlesex. the wife of A. F. Sheppard ray .of s on . TREY ELwAN.—October 21, at Wonerton Vicarage, 8a1..' wife of the Rev. W. P. Trerelyan, of a son. ARRIAGFIL RONNET—ELLIOTT.—October 21, at St. Luke; Chelsea. t.) th e Rev. F. L Blunt, 31. A F. A. B. Bonney. EM.. of Chit l er. t.. Mary Theresa. daughter of the law C. Elliott. licit . FOriTE— U UDDELL —October St, at Trinity Mech. R 3 0, of Wight. Edwin, non of E. Foot, Mau. of Tared Reim... Blandford, horseshit; to Ellen, daughter old. SI PICIC RRINa—BALIIER.—October SS. at St. SOO , ti r - dingrin, by the Rev. H. *OWLS. )1 A., J. L. rivaling. al • of %Row n, county Down, to Agues Bull, daughter ^t t• Balmer, rod., of Bayswater. /MNDELL OF WABDOC D L EA_ omo THS. U her 10, m wm.,10,,, Wilts. Ileury Besedlet, eleventh Lard Anonaell of Wad's ! ' aged Sa BATHURAT.—(tetober S. at Brighton, Anne, tittaghter .d the lat. Bight Bon. C. asthma, aged M. BlLNTlNt:K.—Octobar !I. at Pulteney.strret, Bath. the Lady P. Bentlock, aged 77. BUBB.—October 21. at Lanadowns-riilas, Chen. Plum. aged ge. ';glClll227l2ll.—Octnber In, at Grosvenor place. Nlan Ilecr.tts Juliana, Counts Dnwager of Chic/niter. well 41. lERRI NO.--October 20, at Faringdon, Berke, Mr. It. Ger "" mad 7g. lAkßlB.—Oetober 18, at goethboronah, Tunbridge `. l6 ' the Boa. Flambe Prawn Harris, aged 76. Printed sad Published by Inman too BALM e • • Loaabardairest. la the CH, a Lama" rrinter , Oillos, in Lombard-4mA, 10 lake project at WNNtnag• lawAT. Ocsom U. Istft. l I