The Express. — London, England, 1862-05-02 00:00:00

THE EXPRESS, FRIDAY IN EM!:G, MAY 2, 1862 LITERATURE. The Life of Edward Irving, Minister of ells National Scotch Church, London. Illustrated by his Jour *oh and Correspondence. By Mrs. °LIPMAN?. Hurst and Blacked. London, 1862. Edward Irving, angel of the Catholic Apostolic Church, in Newman-street, London, died in Glas gow iu December, 1834. He was buried in the crypt of the Cathedral of that place, most of the clergy of the city following, and amidst numerous signs of a general sympathetic interest in the de parture of one who, at the age of forty-two, had finished a course eventful and strange, preeerv ing throughout aspothes purityof character, and all the native tenderness of a loving heart. Amongst the numerous common misconceptions in relation to that period of Irving's life which began with the separation of the new community from tho Re gent-square church, perhaps the chief error in most minds has been one which this biography renders henceforth untenable. It has been always supposed that the new church was of Irving's formation, and under his regular control. So little was this the case, that after supplying the material of the church Su sack into a subordinate position in it, which, it appears, tried his faith exceedingly. It is painful to witness the struggle which it met him to become BO entire a slave to the new system as to remind the reader of the Jesuit oath of blind submission " even as a corpse," to the orders of the superior. To this supreme test of his faith the strong, gigan tic, talented, applauded, self-willed " ruler of men," as Chalmers had early called him, had to submit. He never shared in the "gifts," and after his deposition from the church of Swtland on the ground of heresy, he was again deposed and put to silence in his own new church by the spirits which had usurped his place, only to be re-ordained after a time by the imposition of apostolic hands at their dictation. lie had the idea, which they could not tolerate, that it was the duty of a minister to try the spirits, and to regulate their order of utterance by means of the written word, and they perpetually reprove him for his interference. This was proba bly the severest trial which he had ever bad to bear. It was not only against his whole self-cen tred and magisterial nature, but the position was one of inevitable dilemma from which there was no escape. It had been the habit of his life to hold by the literal Bible. With all the closeness, if alsowith much of the narrowness of the old covenanting in terpretation, be bad adhered to the written record, the fixed inspiration of the elder centuries. Yet, if the Spirit was at hand, speaking every day in the fresh voicei of those possessed by it in Newman street, how could there be any contradiction be tween the old and new 1 But there wax in fact much dissonance between them. He could not be lieve it ; he tried to reconcile them, and was re buked as impertinent by the presumptuous yokes which, as a fresh inspiration, could not brook the restraints of the ancient scripture, at least as he was accustomed to read it, but which, Moos they were, he believed, of God, he must also reverently respect. As was to be expected., the living voices carried the day over the dead letter. Allegoric in terpretation made all things possible, but it was hard work for the poor presbyterian minister, now become an angel, at the capricious command of spirits whose working did not after all accomplish the great and triumphant good which his first san guine faith had anticipated from them. He died an utterly disappointed man, hoping against hope, as he had submitted against reason ; but the Lord had not come, and the future of the new church be could neither foresee nor control. It must have put upon the faith of his bellowing relatives an enormous strain, when the spirits ordered him on a mission to the bleak north, with the barer a/death already upon bins, and against the peremptory counsel of the friendly physicians who declared a winter in the south to be the only hoped saving his life. The following extracts indicate aoaaethsteg of the writer's view of the" manifestations," and of the position which the founder of the new church, now and so early disclaimed as wok, occupied is the body. When the Merninp Wadi wand (ka Joe. 18331 to afford him a wean et wenmaeicating his sbeegleta 1106 the ratlic, kV* wrote no more. . . . His mummies with the weld pew less and lan. He no laser weed Mend to preach those open-air mamma to which, in the previous year, Maenads lessee. Events drew elsie the circle of fate ; SKIM sod mere 130 became inland is that little world gelded W the ecstatic lettermen, wiser= development was taking place. Darkly Happens, the formal records of the (official Chrosiek, that re.okations were being accomplished there, is which his devoted soul acquiened painfully and with difficulty. He had to be instructed even in that sew offioe of angel, whin, attest, I read in the Cirotick, be lad an sodomised to be " say thing more than a presbyterian minister." He had to re comae heed/ to the aewl -bestowed spiritual funeticom . . . of the elders and deacons, which, ea the sane authority informs us, he " had not the least conception of," and, at tirst, witertained "the utmost repugnance to." He had to leers, Wades, that "after the apostolic office had been brought out," it was no longer his part to draw con chokes from the prophecies, or to follow their guidance upon his own authority, and " eo coatrary," we see in formed, " was it to his views and practice" to await the apostles decision upon these matters, "that he still con tinned to judge sad act upon words spoken in his flock, whereby great trouble and perplexity were occasioned both to himself and his people." It is added, however, that he at length perceived his error" in al these particulars ; yet, through the haze which envelopes the early growth of so exclusive a body, and through all the personal affection which surrounds Irving himself, it is plaid to see, by glimpses, that this great, real, natural soul was again sadly in the way of those rapidly growing new conventionalities to which only the convotion that they were ordained of God, could make him bow his head; and sou once more an embarrassing presence to the lesser men monad, who knew not how to wisps their vestmeuts to the limbs of a giant. . . . . His reams and his heart struggle against those bonds ; but still he submits—always submit", bowing hie lofty sorrowful head, on which anguish and eseflict have scattered premature mows, under the yoke. Throughout the Chroactele, and other publications put forth by the com munity, this great Sons looms, always with formal acknow ledgments made of its greatness, often with natural out bursts of affection oeletrating its nobility, but nevertheless with a certaiu unexpressed disc probation visibly mingling with all praise. . . . Outside, people imagine him the leader who has brought and keeps this congregation toge ther, and by right of whose permission prophets speak and elders teach ; but, in reality, when one looks within, the scene is very different. The apostles and prophets have patience with him when the light breaks slowly, paint ally, upon his troubled soul ; end, mastering all the prejudices of his life, all the impulses of his will, this martyr into whose lingering agony nobody enters, still bends his head and obeys. It ought to be remarked here that the public idea of the matter was a perfectly natural one, though , author seems to reproach every one that was of as devotedly attentive to every movement of r hero as she has herself been in compiling his ography. In fact, Irving did, at rant, bead , e movement, and directed the voices when to and when to be silent. This did not maces • rily imply presumption in a minister who inter , And St. Paul's directions upon the subject in veur of his own authority. Irving had always .ld a very high conception of the proper attributes , the miuisterial office which he, was called to fill. ut the public could not be supposed to know bow 1 when the Frankenstein monster overpowered he master who Lad summoned it into being. lie whole picture is far more sad than the , iiblic ever imagiuod it, the picture of a man sof ' ering in all the better part of his nature from evils .nought upon bins by all the worse. His vehement ante and exaggeration, his impatience of restraint, is passionate love of the new, obscure, and strik ' to say nothing of what his enemies called in sun arrogance and ambition, recoiled all upon his eying and pious nature in a form which gives to the unbiassed reader no other impression than that of au astounding, unparalleled retribution. His biographer sees nothing of this, which she has so forcibly pourtrayed to others. She reports of his faults without perceiving what she is doing, and scolds his friends if they disliked them in him. Anil, with regard to his great final delusion, though saves him f ruin the heavy charge of imposture, it is done at the grievous expense of his judgment, but in such a way as to convert the folly in him into a display of almost preternatural virtue. Though we cannot find that she herself believes in the " powers," since she endeavours to give natural explauatioue of their appearance, she yet tries to satisfy the reader that Irving's obstinate and perverse credulity was the right thing for a soul so highly gifted as he was, so superior to Chalmers, arid such wiser men of judgment, in all spiritual qualities, and her solo ground for this The name of Eduard Irving is chiefly remem bered in sciatica with this qnestion as to the supposed gift of Semmes thirty years ago ; it is perhaps best fur his memory that this biography gives a tolerably full detail of the facts and of his impressions about them. He has found a hero-worshipper so genuine and thorough that she shri nk s from nothing, assured that his goodness of nature will preserve him in the veneration of mankind, whatever judgment they may formef his opinions. Her conviction is not illgreauded. The world will not agree with her implicit reverenoe for a greatness that had frail the knit se many drawbacks But the world's harsh opinion of her hero will receive some modi ficatieu ; men will perceive better than they have been hitherto enabled to perceive the full seam of aisadyle's aescuiption of Irving as " the misguided noble-minded" and that perhaps without entirely assenting to his reason for what he calls the clistor tioa of his friend by the poison of popular applause, audits resulting insatiable thirst for DOW excitements andaingigarities. There an be nodoubt that Irving's marvelloas emcees as a preacher had something to do with theeztrsvaganoee to which he afterwards gave way. Mrs. 0 'pliant appears to deny this altogether, and is scarcely just to Mr. Carlyle's opinion, watch she disputes. She can find, she says, no traces in his correspondence of any morbid disappointment or sense of wounded vanity, when after his leaving Hatton-garden for the larger church in Regent-square his popularity with the fashionable world immediately declined She ap pears to think that even his strange attraction for the great weed had no effect upon him while it lasted. Batt it should beremarkedthatFaihion never came into his privatecirele, he would only deal with it as an apostle. It was his function to rebuke and denounce as in a city of the spiritually dead, which he held the metropolis to be. When, there- I fore, the world left him, the very world which it bad been hie long ambition and object of prepa ration to address, the world which for several years ' he had so strangely moved, bow could be have failed to perceive the cutting abort of the great hopes of its conversion which he had been led to entertain l Something of this Carlyle himself sug gests, making more of it than of any naturally hurt personal feeling. But there is another point be sides. The mischief was done when Fashion came, not when it left. It fed for a time an ambition which, however pure and noble, could not hut suffer afterwards in its disappointment. And, in the meantime, its very presence is the small Scotch chapel assisted to precipitate into settled forms, ideas and e: pons which the preacher's mind had long held only in solution. It was in the midst of his popular days that he began to preach upon the prophecies—an engroesing study which Dr. Chalmers feared would "unahip him situ gather." His early, long, and ever-increasing literal belief on these subjects requires to be taken into fuller account than Carlyle makes of it, in explain ing the circumstances by which so able a mind was misled. It is here that his biographer renders good and abund ant service. The notion of anything in him that could be properly called insanity may be set aside as exploded. There is no sign even of failing powers. We agree with Mrs. Oliphant that a man who could write those charming letters home from the Welsh mountains within a few weeks of his death was extremely far from having become imbe cile. The common idea upon this point has always proceeded upon the ground on which juries proceed who sesame that one who commits suicide must be of course a madman. Those letters are among the gems of this work, and will be read with interest altogether apart from the facia respecting Irving to which they testify. They carry the thought back to the freshness of hie earlier life, upon which his biographer has justly dwelt with so much care, and give the impression of a man tenacious, indeed, of his convictions, but of a soul that has b een puri fied and rendered meek by suffering. As to insa nity, thesefore Mrs. Oliphant has proved that whatever Edw ard Irving became towards the end of his life was in entire harmony with the convic tions and habits of mauy years before. Circumstances affected the direction, but did not alter the charac ter of this development in him. What followed the entrance, in 1827, into the larger church in Re gent equare is thus introduced ; and with this we leave the question of the second advent which he expected speedily, and of the spiritual manifestations by which it has been commonly believed the balance of his mind was overturned. Tears intervened, sad the fervent }nem iop of thought, thee only appearingtn a firmament where the hidden lights came out one Int one, all unforeseen by the eager gazer till they startled him with sudden illuminations, came to dare lopments never unaccordant with the nature that produced them, though mysterious and often sad enough to the calm looker-on, before the world which had subsided out of its frenzy of admiration was tempted to return into a frenzy of curiosity and wonder. In the meantime, Irving. sober minded Scottish friends left him in his new beginning with alarms and uneasy forebodings, not that be would penl his understanding in attempts to retain his popularity, lot that the unmanageable sublimation and prophet-spirit of the man, inaccessible as they felt it to all such motives, would ruin his popularity altogether. In truth, he had been for a long tune more than predisposed to believe the strange things which finally alienated the public respect from him. As Mrs. Oliphant says, "To him it was always easier to believe the miraculous than the mean and oom mon." This is curiously put, but it represents the habit of his mind. His feelings had always en- conclusion, stated again and again, is that all t tered largely into every decision of his judgment, his conviction of the Divine character of the 'and his biographer almost praise, it in lino, that tongues sprung from a life-long belief in in contrast with Chalmers, who was ever stateaman the power of prayer. This was his main defence like and liberal in ju4neent, Irving was rather before the Presbytery in London-wall. " I bad moved by prejudine and sympathy. He became prayed for the Spirit so to come, and it came-- thus as much of a high tory in politics, and a high What was I that I should not believe the Divine churchman 'in matters esclesiastioal, se it was pos promise and its fulfilment in answer to my prayer 1" Bible for a presbyterian minister to be. He op- And nothing could turn him from this belief. It posed the emancipation of the Roman catholic., and would be sin, he thinks, to doubt the manifesto- thought the repeal of the Test Act a deed of firms to be of the Holy Spirit. The oracles proved appalling national wickeduaso He speaks of " the shifting and contradictory, and some were thought thing called the London lisiversity," so named' to be diabolic in origin it made no difference. by . him because it was founded on purely secular Some of the propheta recanted, and de- Pea. " Satan is mustering his hosts," he dared that they had been under delu- elsewhere declares, " under the standard of libe sion. They were only to be pitied, and prayed rallani"—Milton was the archangel of radicalism, for ; the Lord bad forsaken them. How was it arid Brougham he takes for its arch-fiend, probably possible for light to come to a mind that could so 4 - Si account of his foremost labours in the establish distort the plainest proo fs of failure in his high mint of such things as the university just named. hopes. He had ap • as he believed, the scrip- This was in November, 1825. tural testa, and he wo uld use no other. But, we This biography will be widely read, because not are bound to ask, is all this apology for Irving's. withstanding objections that may be made against sincerity, this setting up of faith in him as a glo,- its apologetic and eulogistic method, it is well and riot'', triumph over common sense, applicable to agreeably written. There is too much of the himself alone 1 The author calls it an " impr as- author's reflections ; which, indeed, are very good, finable faith which no weight of reasoning could but they hind*. the march of the narrative. The move ;" and in the case of his wiferecognis i ng" the life could quite well have told its own pathetic fact that he was dying while they had both be- tale. There is in it one special point which will lieved that he would recover, the biography r mites interest all classes of readers—the point at which that her " faith gave way at last," as thougl a f a ith the great man holds the heart of his biographer were something far superior to plain sense. But in en attitude of perpetual and natural devotion. had the voices none of it, the apostl and She has a wonderful variety of eulogistic phrase at prophets of whom the just quote d speaks command, but there is no side of the he ro ' s character in terms of slight t Were they, then, ti• ow which it is more worthily expended than in ex tors who are here styled " the leaser teen, who hibiting the loveable, simple-hearted, and almost knew not how to adapt their vestme As t o th e perfect home relations of one whom his earliest limbs of a giant " What might ' aura b een friend describes as " the freest, brotherliest, bravest stigmatised as impostures in oth. w men it human soul" be " ever came in contact with." would seem were to him awful realit is. ; but the reader is not allowed to draw his own conclu sion that the great man was infini "sty imposed upon. His unconquerable creduli ty is no more than the most sublime faith in a ce rtailii supposed scriptural promise. He begs on' 3 0 1 his corre spondents to keep his conscience " aufetarred by his understanding," which means • that a certain literal Scripture interpretation re ipectiag the gifts of the Spirit is not to be change d oat of defereace to the mere judgment that neigh' . suggest another. The biographer, with (the awf el example before her of the miserable effects of refusing eta legiti mate rights to man's most ,undid gift of God, his reason, seems rather c' deposed to praise in Irving what other people mtg . ht pronounce to be a tempting of the Divine Be tax. She says, "His prayer had made God Bin beeif responsible" for what Irving desired, sad when the voices will speak in Regent's-square in spite of him, she describes it as " God hi aing Himself taken the matter in hand." It is nof quite certain whether the author is to be understood here as speaking from his or from her ow a point of view, but this manner of writing rime throughout the work, and may perhaps convey a f; use impression of her real views. American Disunion, Constitutional or Unconstini tional I A Reply to Mr. James Spence upon the Question, " Is Secession a Constitutional Bight I" Discussed in his recent molt, " The American Union." By CHASSID; ED. Rawtuss, Jun. bon. don : Nobert Hardwicke. Mr. Spence's work was a bold and ingenious attempt to cover the premeditated treason of the seceders with some appearance of legality. People who knew anything at all about the subject saw through it at once, and set it down as an a posteriori effort to justify a foregone conclusion. Indeed, Mr. Spence virtually acknowledges that such was the case when he cou fesses that he cemmencied his book with strong prepossessions in favour of the South, and that as he proceeded with it he felt these prepossessions harden into convictions. He convinced himseelf, is short, and hoped by the same process to convince the public. We pointed out at the first anoe of the book liaise of its chief fa= but it exceeded our functions to enter into an elaborate refutation of them. We are therefore gratified to find this task performed as it is by Mr. Charles Edward Rawlins. Mr. Rawlins passes over the rhetorical parts of Mr. Spence's book, and grapples with the only tangible argument it contains. He gives no heed to the patent attempts of his opponent to rouse the prejudices of this country against the North, but lays hold with a strong and firm hand of the constitutional part of Mr. Speuce's disquisition, and deals with it most satisfactorily. Mr. Spence made a fatal mistake in appealing to the Constitution ; far better for him would it have been to have rested his cause upon the right of iusurrectien, which no law can abro gate, although his difficulty would be very' '. great to justify insurrection in this case. He has, however, appealed to the ,Constitution, and to the Constitution Mr. Rawlins has insisted upon bringing him. The gist of the dispute is whether the Constitution of 1787 has or has not reserved the sovereign rights of the several States, and amongst them the right of secession. Mr. Spence maintains the affirmative—Mr. Charles Edward Rawlins the negative. It must be obvious at the outset that the deicusaion is one of interpre tation. The text of the Constitution isithere eons mon to both sides. Erich puts its own construction upon it, and the decision of the reader as to which is right will be determined by the superior weight of argument Mr. Spence is no doubt a very ad mirable writer, mid knows how to conceal the uglier features of his cause with great skill, but his prin ciples of interpretation are wholly abstract, and turn chiefly upon the aocidental meaning of words. Mr. Rawlins, on the other hand, applies to the text of the Constitution all those prfficiples of interpretation which for ages have guided the decisions of Westminster Hall. There is, in the first place, the celebrated rule of interpretation, "The old law, the mischief, the remedy." In applying this to the Constitution Mr. Rawlins has, we thi n k, exhibited a power of expression and a force of logic which it would be difficult to match. Mr. Spesioe's flimsy though graceful sophistries are crushed before his argu mentation, like so many cobwebs before the popes head in a strong hand. The old law our author shows was that of the 'evolutionary congress with its confederation of sovereign States, varying in their political origin, their laws, and their local interest& The mischief was the reservation of these sovereign rights, which might at any time lead to secession— that is, to the destruction of the national .unity. The remedy was the Constitution at 1787, expressly adopted to avoid those very evils for the justifica tion of which Mr. Spence evokes its authority. Mr. Spence argues throughout as if the original " articles of oonfederation" were still in force. Mr. Rawlins demonstrates that they were abrogated after long deliberation, for the very mason that they left it optional to the several States to remain in the Union or not. He does mat oily upon his power of attaching non-natural meanings to words, or of using archaic words in their modern acceptatiuu. He takes contemporary documents in sari snaterid, and shows as clearly as it is possible for language to show that it was because the "Articles of Confede ration" left the national unity insecure they were superseded by the Constitution of 1787. Nothing can be more conclusive than Isis reasoning on this point, nothing more inevitable than the conviction which his reasoning must leave upon every candid mind. He shows further that the Constitution of 1787 in all its provisions was designed to preserve the national unity from this special danger of seces sion. We cannot help again contrasting favour ably his principles of interpretatioa with those of his opponent. Mr. Spence picks out a phrase here and there, and builds a theory upon it. Mr. Raw he• reads Iho whol• flooumwat as the utter- Knee of one great thought ; he interprets it so that if there be an ambiguity in it the greater part of the document shall rather stand than perish. If we take Mr. Spence's interpreta tion of a sentence or two of the Constitution, the rest of it must be meaningless. If we take Mr. Rawlins's, the whole has a distinct, definite mean ing, which it is impossible to misunderstand. It is no doubt unfortunate that the terms federal and sovereign should have been retained, when the things they represented were abolished. Instead of " federal government," the phrase should have been " national government," for that is as clearly the intention of the instrument as it is clear that the sun is intended to give light ; and instead of " sovereignties'," the phrase should have been " municipal rights," for that is manifestly all that was reserved fur the provincial authorities of the several States. By sovereignty, Mr. Rawlins, and all men who have given attention to constitu tional law, understand supreme and independent self-government, the power of making laws, of making war and peace, and of regulating foreign intercourse. A district, province, or state which has relinquished these sovereign prerogatives has manifestly denuded itself of the very essence and marks of sovereignty, has become mediatised, and subordinate ; but this is exactly what the Constitu tion of 1787 effected on all the States separately, and therefore to still call them sovereign States is a glaring misnomer. The several States no doubt retained the power of local legislation, but this is really nothing more than the power exer cised by some of our great municipal corporations of making by-laws and issuing local regulations, and the same limits are set to both—namely, that they iniad not run counter to the common or 'statute law of the land. We think Mr. Charles Edward Rawlins has shown beyond cavil that this Constitu tion, the essential purport of which was to secure the Union from the dangers of secession, was ratified and adopted by the whole people, and not merely countersigned by the officials of the several States, and that it was accepted with a distinct: intelligent apprehension of that dis ruption against whisk it was to be a guarantee. The settlement of this question will not, we fear, do much towards bringing the dreadful war now raging to a happy termination. Yet it must be satisfactory to the North to have its consciousness deepened of the purity of the cense in which it 'is lavishing its blood and treasure. Mr. Raw- lins's book is without question, and with all deference to Mr. Lothrop Motley, the most con cise and telling argument yet issued on this side of the controversy, and it is delivered with a philoso phical calmness which is in itself no mean proof of the soundness of a cause, and indicates a con sciousness of power in reserve which was not needed in the present controversy. The *rat point of interest to the Californian bound from Sae Fesseisce fee earibes in British Columbia is the town of Victoria in Vaaeouver's Island. In 1843 the site of this tows me • forest. We embark on board the Ammer at Vistoria, awl premed to the city of New West minder, the capital of British Coinmbia. 16 miles from the mouth of the Freest, and 66 miles from Victoria. Trans mrd os board another Osamu we proceed to Derby, 14 distant. From Derby to the month of the Harrison River is AO miles, to Fort Hope 30 mile., end to Feet Yale 14 miles. We sew lease the stammer and proceed to Spasms', 12 mike; to Bodes Bar, 14 ; to Forest House, 14 ; *Lytton city, 20 ; to Nicholas River, 24 ; Vcnables Reach, 12 ; brlssan's Rauch, 18 ; upper crossing at Buono parte River, 30 ; Green Lake, 15 ; Bridge Creek. 23 ; La Bathe, 25; Williams lake, 30; Deep Creek, 16; Heaver Lake, 20 ; Little lake, 14 ; Quesnelle, 6 ; Keithly's Creek is Cariboo, 20; AWN,' Creek, 20 ; Williams Creek, 10 ; sad to Lightning Creek, 15. Total distance from Victoria to Keithly's Creek, Cariboo, 483 miles. and to Lightning Creek, 628 miles. There are some excellent roads through the lower portions of the country. From Yale to Bodes Bar there is an excellent buck trail. From Keithly's Creek to Antlers Creek the road la over one of the highest ranges in the country, sod from the summit a view of the whole discovered golden country of Cariboo is obtained. The average cost of trans portation at freight last year was 41. per ton from Victoria to Fort Yale ; from thence to Lytton by canoes, 201. ; and by pack trams, 34d. per lb. ; and to Antlers Creek, 10d. per lb. From Fort Yale to Cariboo there are hotels at intervals of 10 and 15 miles. Gold was discovered in Que nelle River in 1849. In June, 1860, • party ascended the north fork of the Queeselle, and came to a lake where one of than shot a cart bumf, or cariboo, se it ' is called is the vernacular, an animal of the reindeer species ; and the enantry round was called Cariboo from that circum stance. About this time Keithly, a Californias lawyer, discovered Keithly's creek. In September, 1860, Bowes, Rose, sod Macdonald crossed the mountain northward and discovered • creek called by them Antlers Creek, from their findisg there • magnificent pair of antlers. Bowen and hie party kept their discovery of the creek secret until the spring, but Weaver travelled is snow shoes and prospected at the same spot. Bowen and Weaver severally laid claim to it, and the friends and partisans of each were determined to fight for their rights. The combatants atestered about 150, sod lodises were to take part in the esonflict. The gold oommissioser, however, prevented ths kettle. Antler city is now Wilt on this spot. It contains, besides the beaus of the misers, a dozen stores, and se many saloons and hotels. From a hole 7 feet wide ad 7 fed deep l ounces of pure gold were takes out. During last year there were about 1,500 wipers at Cariboo. They corned from 30s. to 42a. per day, and their living cost them from Bs. to the The Cariboo diainp prose that gold can be found is both the eastern and western slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Cariboo is at present the utmost north ern limit of exploration. The gold found there is coarse, and in large quantities, which proves that the mimes are virgin and rich.—Califonsicus paper. CARIBOO. Thebes, its Tombs and their Tenants, Ancient and Present, including a Record of Excavations is the Necropolis. By A. 111/411X REIN; F.B.A. London : Longman, 1862. Mr. Rhind's personal investigation of the sepulchral system of the Egyptians has enabled him to arrive at certain general facts which will be found of importance to future searchers into the dim ;repoaitoriee of the past. He was especially fortunate in discovering • perfect family tomb, which had never been disturbed, and of this he gives a minute description is all its &tails. He classifies the different kinds of tombs, and enigma their chronological and social positron, and Ifis cusses with much acuteness the metaphysical signi ficancy of hieroglyphic literature. He endeavours to settle the ethnology of the races by whom the tombs were used, from the sculptures and inscrip tions which yet remain on them, as well as by the metallurgic criterion which has been successfully applied to the northers races, and for which there is ample material in the metallic relics which he has discovered. The volume is superbly illustrated chromolithography, and concludes with a desorip ties of the life of tie Arab inhabitants of the tombs at the preseat day. The style of the work is graceful and expressive, and the author speaks of his own important labour* with a candour and modestrtbat secure our confidence in the value of its achievements. A rimer Tour in the Orisons and Bernicia. By Mra. 'WRY Fassiirtit... Landau: Longaians. 1862. This is a delightful little volume, freah, livekv, and full of natural enjoyment. Mns. Freshfield investigated a portion of the Alps as yet but slightly known to the public, and has certainly dons all that words can do to lay before us the beauty and sublimity of the scenery she met with. There is a peculiar character about this book. It contains more than may be suspected from a saere cursory perusal of its contents. The little posting notices of inanimate objects, the botanical, and natural history remarks, will to the careful reader indicate a highly-aocomplisbed mind. eatiewed. with no ordinary powers, and always under the control of good taste. We cordially reoconnend i the volume to all who can appreciate rolinamemt of thought and soundness of observation. The Book Howler, Ix. By JOIILN Horn. Barr os Edinburgh and London : WiLiam Blackwood and Soca. Thin is a collection sad awylifisatioa of interesting aeries of papers whelk appeared a year or two since is Blacicwoodre Magaaae. They at- . traded ao musk attention at the time that it is not Necessary to dwell upoa their misusing okasao-' ter. We therefore contest earselvea with saying that every alteration made is preparing them Jar this volume is, in ear o as sei,peseeenest ; and that the metier el the isaic is seedy doable what appeared is the nags ins. Elliot: a T.M. By L. N. Camamm. Leaden Lampasas. A tale of boyhood sad &limed, with es defier.; able ending. The true bete is net Elliot, but t her brother Gerard, to whom she is fondly at.-: Inched. The anther meets all his power in de-; picting this Gerard, and Las onquestienably ono-; seeded hi placing before us a most complete *ewe, of an .Engllsh gentleman boy. He is brace, closer, I candid, geoeroue, and Affectionate, but the author. reminds us of that cm:silent much cow which would yield a whale pailful of the East milk, mod then; kiak it ever, for after he has insisted this sable boy! with ell the attributes that are most precious and' 'esteemed is life, be can find nothing better to do, with hire than to get him shot by a aehoolfeliew, and leave him to die in agony is the smelling of his laughiag youth. We d• net believe this to be ' the best way of impressing the minds of young people with the asaelleicie of religion. The youth fig mind naturally revolts from the gloomy visions of anguish, sad destli, and mourning, nor will it be reconciled to them although the object of the story be to show how Viable and piety .ean deprive even these abhorrent incidents of their terrors. Varacks and tit Crimes; or, Eittehet of a Soldier'sl Life. From the Jettraids dad Cerrespowleasse of the late M*r Rankest, B.E. Edited by his brother, W. BAY/111 Resit. Landon : Long- The memory of liajorßaulten is surrounded with a painful interest as the laid English•cdticer who was killed in the Crimea. Though but twenty-eight years*/ age he had already srudiy.distinguided himself by the steady and able dimbegge of every duty entrusted to him. Be Jed the ladder party at the sterniing of the Redan, and by the rapid me:mince of wee became speedily a major. His kat service vas to deetroy some military beildings at I Sebastopol. The Sappers had laid their trains and depueited their powder in the mines aerorildng to his directions, but the trains having bees interrupted by some mans, the wine failed to explode. Major Ranken himself went formed to examitte the I matter, and was shaking some loose gunpowder shout on the ground, when the mines exploded and be was buried in the ruins. The journal ktpt by this lamented young officer is here for the most pert reproduced. We would particularly :mom mend that portion of it which rewords the author's experience of the trene.hos before Sebastopol es A lifo-like pictees of the hardships, dangcri, compensations of soldier-life in to of active nor. Willie Atherton. A T./e. By Gloms Mamas- L uth ion : Llaundern (Way, and Co. The lemon we learn from this tale is that when a man of a generous, amiable ffssposition, but want ing in decision of character, comes into close con tact with an unprincipled, selfish scoundrel, he is sure to suffer for it. It certainly needed so ghost to give us this information. The old moral of the collier and the fuller is daily illustrated in the experience of almost every one. The originality of the author consists in his choosing clergymen as the exemplars of both the aril and the good. Willie Atherton is kind, trustful. and pious, Arthur Newnham is an intensely selfiiih, sensual, unprincipled villain, with pleasing manners. Willie cannot say the " valiant no, " and is both too credulous and too confiding . e consequence of all this is that Arthur makes a complete tool of him on all occasions, and victimises him under the pretext of friendship. Poor Willie bears the blame of almost all the other's evil deeds, and after they have both gone into orders, has the mortification and disgrace of being reputed the father of Arthur's illegitimate child. These things weigh so upon his mind that he dies young, and the successful villain is left to enjoy life and such prosperity as may befall him. The story is skilfully told, but it is a melancholy affair, and from beginning to end exhibits vice as taking the wall of virtue, and securing the best places in the straggle of life. Hospital, dispensary, and private practice, all tarnish Innumerable casts in which Dr. de Jongh a Light Brown Cod Liver (ill ha, been administered with the happiest results to 1 fruumption and all Dramas of the Chest. ho remedy so rapidly restores the exhausted strength, improves the nutritive functions, stops or diminishes en:meant( sn, checks the perspire. Bon, quiets the cough and expeetoretiod, or produces a more marked and favourable influence on the local malady. Soil only in cal:waled bottles. Es. ed., Se Ski, and by Dr. de Jonah'. Agents, Ansa?, Berford, and Co., 77, Strand, London, and cite mista--(Advertiscment.) razArroir Al A SCHOOLMASTER. (From the Albany - Evening Journal.) The people of the loyal states are about to pan throe* on of the most tryiog ordeals in the experience of nation. They are to be required to pay the expenses of as anemone war. They an to Donned upon tonnage the hordes of • taxation which is swelling at the Nall of tea Wilke dollars a week. They are to be presented nYh the idinnedive of baialoruptoy, repudiation and dinosaur, or the sacrifice ot the non darling of private intense' far the palling weal. They are to be subjected to the kin teat of patriotism, aid oonfrooted with an issue that wdl probe Übe* alsahood to the cont. We do oat fear the result. They wBI pprroove equal to the eras. They will stood the teat uoflincl iisly. They will front the monster Maim My u the aims of • free easertry tea do. They will accept &serially whitener the neoseatice et the hour shall impose. They will suffer the eamillie of private fortune sad Modon the meat of per sonal emolument in obedistice to the imperative demands d our imperilled country. let the goverment have no ter on this score. Let Cowan diming hum its thoughts all Let it d appreheosiese of a main Mabry. o its datv fitarisely. and . with the full IMPIIIIMINO that the emery will area ,- ewer burdens it may, in its wiedem, see it te impose. And there is • easy ads area to air berm of Main. it will pram stead et a wnm a Naas, el Mamma ft will paree ens of the hest in which the peeple have seer heft Milneete& It will lash them the mast salutary Lima ef the limes. ft wft 411110611111 sod may them, Maid halite of amany, simplify tile medal bk. make dm nom thrifty and perridea, ad reeler* in sem • enemas ar ample teries el ties name the itemblia. Lam bee here the bane ef all the maim that here pee bars us. It bee beet the amber that ha eaten at the boort of cider rept& Ms. It was the Maim may that counsel the palmate 4 Gram te ashes. ant orembelmed Care age, that weds gegaslira prey of the Vandal awl Meseta cf pester*. ft hai wafted ma even in the fames war sou* and .err b, ecenipted the sprigs al ille at their very seem, sal tbreatenal to awry a at tea prearaterre gravßate. this eamption d swami& ere sew be arrested W • the Man hand. Our nessaliss will mite es Irma. We shall leers to dimmer with whet we emit afford te get. We sled is.. te curia =pears that rue apard ear enema We shell adept e.. does to the raw ccartiem . what taxation will edema. We shall eat hes apneas ; drink km mat wags • make 3.a idsnM flavoured dean ; dress ie lees spisaft appereL We sail " bare lass pad parties ; leis pare* Wag at desaimehis mann places ; leat Madan of trainman.% man. aim ; less apportion of swparlinoan gewgaws item Paris lees aping ef foreign alma We ftell ism habits of ample living. We MB lama that hapime doss not mewl in the passim of a ern •an swam dellan. Walla discover Mt life an be made quite as endurable an a thousand as a stew him. Ared • year. We shall live to leek with Magna epee car ald life in the days of err prosperity, sad Mete lb, calm :misty that Might us sea agstary Lissom A TEAR OP WAR. (From the New Yortrirsat.) When we think of all we have lived through daring the pant year, ft seams like • life of materna. We who had gone oar daily rounds of business and had plasma, ei hoduid married and given in , who had bought sada.* built booms and lived I. , built Aim and ✓ailed them, blayieg aimless sheet this•material proem ritycif ours, which, splendid though it is has yet little of thalamic in it, we to be thus suddenly plunged into sack a whirlwind of meats, which not wren dory can make dell,mf denseness running through the whole range from defeataed disgrace to victory sad snouts coming a epos es She a aood—mew could such • year fail to meetly MOTOIINWO in oar hires than our whole lima beside? Hew much his been crowded into it ? We cheered our patriot bona as sthey rushed from all nuances of the land to the defence of their ;marmoset, so es.•selesdy amend ; we beard, with gleaming eye and clom mend lip, the dying shout of .that Massachmette boy in Bel , tictore, our first amrtyr, bail to the Stan and Stripes • we laboured mad we waited alike; ere went down threigh the valley of the shadow of death after the fatal field d Bull Run, and nerved .eurselves defy with firmer determination to miry on the conflict to the bitter end ; we have fol lowed, with mver-inermag joy, the movements of our samisa. an they slowly liertid around thud strongholds af aebellion, sweeping Meadows one after another, and m oans* them as surely mein rolling tides of the Bay of Fundy eugulf4he beech. And now we stand to look back lover Me past year, and dark God for it, as the richest, meet houutente jam in oar history. A year of privations, but of ,privations nobly bona. A year of griefs scattered breeds et through fur preach' homes, but of griefs which were emitted me nothing far the sake of the cense. A year of herchare opaingiag up among the people, common as wayside flowers. A pear of growth in ann um and eednranee, in omega and strength, in all those manly qeditice which make a &anon truly great. A year of progress each as, Maar shortsightedness, we had thwaght that ma len years amid bring. A year mighty in events, het miglutiar yet in prosaism A pear not free from stain, • whollypare, not wholly worthyilf the great canes whiciait henbane/onward, bat yet a year whom burdens and wham liiimars we ems never be too proud that we wets permitted to slum. Far better am inch year " than a cycle of Seamy." This year closes brightly around as. Victory is ours; defeat is the portion of our minors. We are oonfideat in ourselves ; we ere co i n:up the approval of those who es bear none too meth will. What shall the next year befog to wit it be am than and yet more abun ' dant, or shell we be celled upon in our turn to drink the hitter cup of deader and defeat ! He who sees the end from the beginning aloes knows. But if we are only true to ourselves and to the teachinge which this year has given es, no overthrow, no disaster ma take from us the meat valuable rewrite of this past year, and the world will be the richer, and resakind will be the better, for the burdens, the toils, and the cares which have filled full its hours. Tun rant Gummy ACCIDENT arcs PRESTON.— Lest week we gave the particulars of • serious accident which happened on Good Friday, to • bombardier, named Jobe Ashley, who, with other Don•oommisaioned officer!. had gone down to the battery at Warton, on the banks of the Ribble, in order to make tho neoemary preparations for the Preston Artillery Volunteer corps, the members of winds were intending to open the shooting meson on that day. Ashley, during the preliminary salute, was blown front one of the guns and dreadfully injured. He was at tended by the surgeon of the corps, and afterwards removed to the Preston House of Recovery. One 1 his anus was broken, the fingers of his left hand were blown off, his false was contused and lacerated, and in other ramparts be MY seriously injured. He progressed very favourably until Friday last, when he bad • relapse, followed by lock-jaw, which terminated Mal& on Sunday afternoon. On Monday evening the inquest was held, when it appeared from the evidence that the accident had arises to consequence of Ashley neglecting to sponge nut the gun. The jury returned a ver di ct of "Accidental death." THE GALWAY SUBSIDY. At a special meeting of the Waterford TOW* Council, on Tuesday, The Richt Worshipful the MAYOR proposed the adoption, pursuant to notice, of a petition to Lord Palinonton,m; to for •• renewal of the subsidy to the Galway athletic Company. His worship said be had a few days ego received a draft of • petition to parliament from the cow. mutes rooms at Galway preying for • restoration of the sub. sidy to the Galway line. Every Irishman, he said, se matter what his politica, should join in forwarding this project which should be oonsidered in a national point of mew, and he had much pleasure in moving the following That the policy of conceding • postal 1 to the Galway Atlantic Mail Company has been vindicated by the testimony of tome of the most eminent iitutesmen in Eftlaod ; by the all but unanimous testimony of the Irish members of the Hones of Commove; by the general feeling of Ireland and other portions of her Majesty's dominiona, se expressed in numerous petitions to parliament. and memo to members of her Majersty's government; and filutily by the report of the committee of the Howe of Commons ap pointed last summer to ioquire into the circumstenoen ono neeted with the withdrawsd of theenbeidy from the compa ny. That the report of the Galway Atlantis Mail Company, just issued, shows that since last simmer strenuous efforts have bees made to place the company in • position of efficiency se regards steamers and capital, and that the directors are DOW prepared to uudertake the mail service with every prospect of carrying it out successfully and to the satisfaction of the Post-office authorities. That of late considerable progress has been male towards the completion of several lines of railway, all converging to Galway, and coonectiog it with all parte of Ireland, especially with the important manufac turing districts of Ulster, with which direct COMMODiCr tion now exists. That the time is rapidly approaching when an application will be made to your lordship to in stant to the Galway Atlantic Company the subsidy which was withdrawn from it in May of last year. That it is die to the people of Ireland generally, whose commercial into- rests require to be fostered and developed ; to the directors and shareholders of the Galway Company, whose capital is largely involved ; to the landowners. merchants, and traders of Galway, whose interests are directly concerned; and above all to the impoinl necessity of speedy own miutication with the continent of America, that the an plication for a renewal of the subsidy be not refused. Me morisbita therefore pray that your lordshipi will be gra ciously pleased to give to the appliostiou of the direc tors of the Galway Atlantic Company such faveramble oweideration as will at once satisfy the expectations and promote the iutererted the people of licked, by renewing the mail contract. Alderman Cox briefly seconded the resolution. Alderman KENT said be could not comprehend why snob efforts should be made to defeat the Galway lino, which afforded such great facilities for rapid transit across the Atlantic. He related how, on one occasion, he left Galway at half-post twelve o'clock on Saturday night, in 1838, in • vessel not in the most efficient state, and yet they were in time for mum in fit. John's on the following Sunday week. He couldnotcomprabead why English merchants, Wm knew the advantage of a rapid communication, should not exert them selves and assist Irishmen to give strength to the comp any. r((Hear, at which wir, hear.) The fact they of be beheved, did rat T t et ha some I (Hear, hear.) Mosey, it was known, opuld effect anything, and it was carious bow one steamer had three or four weeloi' =, sad lost her way in fine weather. When the fi ne which the company put on the line were running, they performed almost miracles. They ran to Newfound land in six or seven days. (Hem ' hear.) However es British enerchaats not assis t them in support: nig the line, Irishmen of all polities should unite in sus taining it themselves. (Applause.) Councillor BLAU, said Alderman Kent was the very best authority on this subject, for be had performed maw transatlantic voyages. (Haar, hear.) He (Mr. wished that the foul agencies which had been men lisnsl confined to those at the other side of the channel ohs endeavoured to mar every Irish project ; hut tiptoe. Imesealy he had reason to know that the most potent iikense came from Ireland, and he spoke advisedly when he mid is The Galway Company was one of the unhappy Wisner et the fact that nothing could be attempted for fir etheoitage of Ireland but Irishmen were the first to ems leeward to destroy it if they could. If a man in ligibri get on is the wild his neighbours endeavoured by fair esenwitition to reach him ; but in Ireland if • rims got beyond his wishbone the whole anxiety was to poll hies dews. It was the same way in a national point of view as it was with individuals. They found the Galway line waning the axed heroic exertions to have the transatlantic esemumicaMe—eome of the poorest farmers and shop. beepers put their wisp into the project, but no wooer woad dont te emend than English influence proved SOW • WIDOW is getting the webs* withdrawn, at a time whoa it tisemespay was allowed • little time it would have re mised %self. (Hear, hear.) The company was now, boo mer, ma pomitins ask the govemment to fulfil the pig mies gime by their peedeeessors. (Hear.) But on whom was it likely the government wonld fall back to "reify themselves is minium to comply The Iris& weineleses themselves. Every member connected with Waterferdeimed the memorial to Lord Palmerston to re new the subsidy ; matins act was the more honourable to them, Menem if the thee of oornmunicatico were removed to any ether paid—le the Shannon. for bistance—no locality maid he more beitedied than Waterford. (Hear.) Bet lime was pent loan& jealousy. Cork had en ides that it might be =Meths pert of departure, and Limerick sad Lessleaderry bed the mine notion • an d the remelt would be that if &slams were pointing ou t soma one place and soma smother, Lord ?absentee, clever man as he wee, would MOM this ee peaded that he would idiot no port at all, and thus a shame WOW be lost of making a great or Mewl dennonstesthe en the subject, owing to the con temptible jealousies ad the Irish people themselves. (Hear, best) Galway deemed a fair trial, at all events, DWI Kit owe welly SOMA wanting let the station be removed easel, Loadeaderry. er Fermi. It the subsidy had sot been withdrawn they esold sew have • line of ebramers moan lietwees Havre sad Waterford. No one bad dos mese to ihrweed the Galway packet undertakiag Om Dr. Gray~. wi th whom be (ID. Blake) bad best mieciaird in their aueesdul effects to procure a subsidy from the French Cl=(bar, hear)--end who, am only upon that, es t— emy OW, subject whisk VII likely to benefit the eseskey. rook • forward did energetic part. (Heir. Mae.) He (Mr. Blake) was glad to dad • eisanimous feeling the council on the present 00011ii0S, sad be hoped IPA the &meg feeling which they expressed in favour of giving Galway • fair trial would have the desired effect. (Applause.) The petition was unanimously adopted. • THE LATE COLLISION IN THE SEA OP MARMORA. The Lerant Remld of the 23rd April says : " It would be difficult to compress into the mine spies more inaccuracies than appear in the following account of this diluter, is serrated to the P correspondence of the Independence Beige of the 15th "The collision which recently took place in the Slack Sea between the Russian ship Colebide and the British steamer Laconia has produced so lively en emotion through out the whole Levant that the Turkish ,government has 4- oided on having en inquiry help into the circumstances. it is alleged that the fault is attributable to the English dimes, who, as soon as the usual mast.lights hail been axed, all retired to their cabins to sleep. They were, it 'is mid, in such a state of drunkenness that even the colli sion could hardly rose them. The Meaner of the pasiln pes would have been easy ; but, instead of occupying themselves with this, or caring to save the unhorse ' nate people who were sinking, the English vessel never stopped but on the contrary steamed sway from the spot at full ;peed. The inquiry is proceeding with the greatest care, the Russian and English Consuls aches in entire har mony and with the joint determination that the truth dull be known.' " Not OM single incident of this whole string of allegations has a particle of foundation in fact. The cabanas, to begin with, did cot take place in the Bleak Bea, but in the Harmon; secondly, the Turk ish government not only has ordered no inquiry to be instituted, but has no power to do so ; thirdly, the o ffi cial prenatal the Russian commander and hi s officers—which we have seen—does not even venture to pretend that the officers of the Laconia were either' drunk 'or asleep,' and doe* not say that the latter vesesi steamed on and away without stopping—aa would, of course, have been contra dicted by the fact that aserly sixty passengers were actu ally saved ; end finally, the Russian and British consul s are lacing 'either joist ace separate action in the matter, which has. an the siontriu7, been referred to her Majesty's &prams Consular Court, where an action baa already been begun, and before whisk the truth is likely to be arived at in a very different shape from that presented by the cor respondent of the Brawls journal. It is incrediblo that such a version of the disaster could have been iu any way furnished by either the Russian agency or the Rubsian con sular authorities ; and yet it is difficult to understand whence else so malicious a Belson could have emanated." • THZ BoILZE EXPLORIO3I AT BILRTON. —Tenter day afternoon the inquest we. reword upon the bodies of the unfortunate deceased killed by the boiler explosion at Mil/fields. near BiMimi (who now number 28), before Mr. T. V. Phillips, at Bilston. Mr. Rose, the employer of the defamed, was present, and also his counsel said solicitor, with Mr. E. Wright, the engineer, who made the oflicial examinatiou ; and Mr. A. Bourse, the travelling agent of the Steam Boiler Assurance Company, of Manchester, who produced for the assistance of the jury solos; photographs of the riven boiler. No additional evidence of importance was given. The coroner, in summing up the case, mid that the jury could not return a verdict of maoslaughter ag.diat the engineer, bemuse of the ruling of Baron Channell nt the last amines at Stafford. to the effects that •n engineer who bad left his engine could not be found guilty of that offence unless it could be shown that be knew that his boiler which exploded was short of water. The jury, after • lengthened deliberation, returned the following verdict "That the boiler exploded from an over pressure of steam, but how caused there is no evidence to show. The jurors express • strong opinion that boilers of this size sad des mptioa should not be made or used for high-pressure steam." Among the curiosities of the Romney Exhibition, Mangurated last west by Lord Palmerston, there is • rye down of the rasp of the South Nit Bubble eehorte. I gs ,ut art .4 and ritish crust raidw m aul ig, we mama a col- rough tl a nd iotoria 4 v iol , Latter 41