The Express. — London, England, 1846-10-08 00:00:00

U TILE MUSIC BOOK, New Weekly Perioiical of Orlginil Musle.—No. II OTI SATERDAV nest. New Smut by NVALLACI: " rut: FALSE FRIEND," price fid. Printed from En graved Kates, on paper the usual music size. No. I.„ •• SING, MAIDEN, SING," Mu-ie by Burr., Words by Busy Comeirma., was published last Saturday. (Mice, 1, et. Bride's Avenue, Fleet-street, where Prospectuses may be had; and sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen. "rrHE FALSE FRIEND." New Song by WALIACIt. Words by T. noon. Price 6d.. being No. 11. of THE MUSIC BOOK. Printed from Engraved Plates, on paper the usual music size. No. 1.. " SING, MAIDEN. SING," n.tiiie by stn . , words by BARRY Cos:swam, was publislitO lam Sat:inlay. °Mee, I, St. Brides-avenue, Ileet-strect, where Prospectuses may be bad ; and sold by all taio:sellers and lICINMCII. SONG by WALLACE, " TILE FALSE 11 FRIEND," words, lay T. Door., price Gd., on Saturday nest, being No. 11. of thsi MUSIC BOOK. Printed from Engraved Plates, =paper the usual musk Axe. O. 1., SING, MAIDEN. RING," music by DALY; words by B Saar CORNWALL, was ptibliShOtt kit Saturday. Mae, 1, tit. Bride's-avenue, Flesit-atrort, where PresPeeruseu may be had; and sold by all booksellers sad newsmen. Now ready, in fea_p. !Ivo., price On, PICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS. COVITRNT.—PooIs to Ch.,lono—Lyons, the Mime, and the Goblin of Avignon—Avignon to limos—Genoa atul its Ne:ghbourhvoil —Parma, Modena, and liologns —Ferrara—Vesoas, Mautici, Milan, and the Simplon -Rome, Napies, and elorenee. London: lirsdbury and Evans, Whltefrltrs. rprog+ MAILS. The We.d India 111 , 111%, CllClUdilltr chose for Mesiort, Honduran. and Havana, will be mule up on the morning of the Ilth October. The mails for Walsh North Americi, mid the United State*, will be made up on the evening of the I:th October. Ths overt ind mails fnr Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Island., Egypt, Aden, Ceylaw, India, Hong-Kong, and China, ria Soutnampton, Intl be made up on the morning of the 20, October. The overland cloned mails. rid Marseilles, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Ceylon. India, Hong-Kong, Sic., will be made up on the evening of the 21th October. The mails for New South Wales, Tan Die:nail's Land, will be made up oil the 31,1 October. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot notice, in any way, any communication that tt sent to tri anonymously; but three who cliooac to ;Atkin-taw in confidence will end their confidence respected. NEITHER C AN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANY MANUSCRIPTS \YR ATEVER. Advertiaementa intended for l'ke land be at the Office by Two o'clock on the day at publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. Twin Morning, 44 min. nag 3; Afternoon, 3 min. past 4. T U •M O NROM.—llotaing, 24 min. post 1; Afternoon 43 win. poet 4. LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. S. WE have Free Trade in food as a policy adopted by the legislature ; but we cannot yet enjoy the results of that policy. The world, and especially the trans atlantic world, is not ready for us. The law relates to corn vet ungrown, to be purchased by money yet unearned, the price of commodities not yet manu factured. "He that will have a cake out of the wheat must tarry the grinding, and the bolting, and the leavening ; and here's yet in the word, hereafter, the kneading, the making of the cake, the heating of the oven, and the baking." Cargoes of grain are not created extempore. We may open our ports, and open our mouths ; but be it ever so widely, neither one nor the other is immediately filled thereby. A crop of corn requires long notice. There must be the application of capital and labour, induced by the previous assurance of a market. Two or three years hence,the valley of the Mississippi or the plains of Hungary may make some response to the legislative overture of our new policy. They have tarried for us, in the barrenness to which we doomed them by our Monopolist restrictions ; and we must tarry for the fertility of which Free-trade will prove the signal. It would have been pleasanter to have waited full-fed than hungry. But we must take the consequence of our own contrivances. The world could not tell that we were about, just then, to change our minds. The seasons will not hurry them selves for our accommodation. Nature rewards not our repentance with an extra harvest. The pangs of scarcity must be endured, together with the unpa latable accompaniment of the diet that our supplies are postponed by our own tardiness in rectifying the errors of our legislation. From the first we pronounced the compromising portion of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S measure a great mis take. In providing for the gradual abrogation of the corn-laws, he disregarded the fact that their abroga tion must needs be gradual, by the nature of the case, and without any legislative interference. A parlia mentary abrogation, total and immediate, must, in actual operation, have spread itself over a considerable time, from the causes to which we have just adverted as keeping down our present supplies. Corn is only produced by culture; and cultivation requires the previous adjustment of capital and labour, besioles being a twelvemonth's process in itself. Nature, and the hiss s of political economy, which are laws of nature, had provided for a gradual character in the change. What nature has provided for, senates may safely let alone. But we must needs be meddling ; and unfit r the influence of old habits and connexions, Sir ROBERT PEEL BMA needs be compromising; tink ering the great Providential compromise, in the very nature of the change, with histhree years' sliding scale. And now, sec the consequence. We are paying, in a season of pressure and rising prices, a duty of Bs. per quarter on the paltry sweepings and gleanings, which are all that the world, taken by surprise, has to spare for our markets. Ireland is screaming to us for food ; and we are barring out what modicum there is to be had, by a tax of one-seventh of its enhanced price. We have praised Sir ROBERT PF.EL ungrudgingly; we shall never forget or underrate the gratitude and glory to which he is entitled; nor do we advert with any bitterness of censure to a mistake, on which we com mented at the moment, and which is now displaying its full and mischievous extent. But the mischiefs are even greater than was anticipated. They arc rendered so by the continued failure of the potato, and the state of the crops throughout Europe. The ratification of the error is a legacy to his successors ; and in thus completing his work, they may justly calculate on his hearty co-operation. Were the world overflowing with food, there might be some plausibility in continuing the three-years restriction to the end of its term. The superfluity, supposing its existence, might have realised some faint portion of the ruinous results to the cultivator which were predicted by the Protec tionists. But instead of superfluity, there is deficiency. We are actually exporting food to France and Hol land. The change of a total and immediate repeal would have now been unfelt by the farmer. Ile would have been, almost unconsciously, floated over the dreaded sandbanks on which his wreck was foretold. And then, by the regular gradation which extending cultivation abroad, open markets at home, and the stimulus of free competition, would have secured, a complete and satisfactory adaptation to the new state of things would have accomplished itself. This whole some and natural process is precluded by the combina tion of limited supply with prolonged restriction. Corn is likely to attain prices not only injurious to the public, but deceptive to the farmer. Meanwhile the foreign cultivator is not idle. The high prices of the English market will be a stimulus to him also. They will be deceptive to him also. Unfavourable seasons do not follow in an indefinite series. More propitious times will multiply the home produce, probably at the very juncture when the foreigner is ready to pour in his diligently increased abundance. Then we may indeed look for agricultural distress ; the result, not of free trade, but of this most unwise prolongation of a restrictive system. It is only the tail of the reptile, but the sting is there. No class, except those to whom the difference is food or no food, is more deeply interested than the agricul tural, in the abolition of the clumsy machinery of this posthumous sliding scale. We put the question on this ground, because it is vain to talk, under present circumstances, of opening the Ports as a temporary measure. They can never be shut again. The re-imposition of the restrictions stands high in the catalogue of thins impracticable. A promise to that effect could be only a delusion. Now, as in November last, such a measure could only be the prelude of a final relinquishment of the duties; and it is to be desired, not less in this view, than as an immediate concession to the wants of Ireland and THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 8, 1848. of Great Britain. This is no time for even the minutest obstruction to the influx of food, from whatever quarter it can be obtained. Starvation, riot, and bloodshed, there have been already. Ail good men are summoned to the rescue. And the battle with Irish distress mu -A be fought in England, as well as in Ireland. It requires all the real of indi vidual charity, backed by all the aid that Govern ment can bestow. The union, in this struggle, is undeniably real and national. There is but one interest. If the primary effect of opening the Ports be help to England, that will soon prove itself gcoi help to Irelaid. HAD England a Public or a Government like that of France, nothing could be more satisfactory or glorious than the state of affairs in Western India. Northward, too, is a tributary prince, whom we have just installed, who owns England as his suzerain, yet I is so wayward, avaricious, and faithless, that not a day passes without affording pretext for our con fiscation of his empire. When it is added that this prince is lord of Cashmere, it may be imagined with what delight such a prey would be, even in imagina tion, devoured by the French. Southward of this prince, ou the cmbranchment of the five rivers, exists the old capital and court of Rusimr, garrisoned by British bayonets and cannon; an infant Rajah nominally reigning, under the influence of a dissolute mother and her paramour. More Southward still we have the wide valley of the Indus, lorded over by one of these men whom the French would revere as a hero ; one who has done far more with Scinde than the French have done with Algeria, since he has pacified it. Nevertheless, even he has not succeeded in rendering it either healthy or profitable. But we have an ignoble habit in England of some times looking into accounts, and balancing profit and loss. Glory is not of the same value to us as to our neighbours ; it will not be received as sterling coin by our population. It is very well for a holiday now and then ; but an every day supply of it would be thought not only extravagant but surfeiting. The present prospect of another campaign in the Punjaub is, therefore, anything but welcome. The confiscation of GOOLAB'S hill country, by his own treachery, is not a consummation we desire ; whilst to sweep away the feeble an dissolute government of Lahore, would necessitate the solving of a more difficult problem, namely, what should we put in its place. It is to be regretted that Lord HARDING WS arrange ments have not been attended with more stability. He did for the best, no doubt. But it is a mortifying sequel of last year's victories to be brought back to the same position which we occupied before they were achieved ; and to find the whole force, anxiety, expen diture, and attention of our governing powers, fixed on that one frontier. The only excuse is, that the conquest I of the l'unjaub was forced upon us, and that we were unprepared for more than a temporary settlement. Our great difficulty in India has been, that wherever our arms subdued, there we were called to replace a feudal regime of military service and go vernment, by the more modern system of taxation, civil administration, and regular force. We may have succeeded in this, but it has been by dint of expenses, blood, and efforts of all kinds. And in doing it, we have swept away the middle and upper classes of the native and the Mohammedan race, which we are obliged to supply by functionaries and officers, who come from Europe for a limited number of years to reap a harvest in India, and then bid it farewell. How such a system works altogether, is a wide and a grave question, into which we shall not now enter. But how untoward and dangerous is the attempt ing, even the effecting, such a transition in states which border upon wild or powerful foes, we need scarcely remark. The Sikh state is feudal. A. such it is able to defend itself against Belooch, Persian, or Affghan. If we destroy this system of feudal defence, we must provide against a long period of transition to something better, which is also a period of great weakness, great cost, and almost continued war; for every feudatory, menaced in his existence, becomes a rebel. Such was the prospect that deterred Lord 11ARDINGE from at once ejecting DutEEe and GOOLAB. Ile knew that he could not substitute himself or the Indian govern ' ment, as the immediate sovereign of wild and bigot feudatories. To replace them would have been a rash and weakening effort ; and he seems rather to have grasped at such means of managing the country as circumstances threw into his hands, than to have struck out or pursued any scheme or pre conceived idea of his own. The first plan was to prop up the court of Lahore as it was, with the prudent GOOLAB as vizier. This would have been, perhaps, the best. But it was defeated by the jealousies of the old court. The division of the empire was then devised, for which the impossibility of paying the subsidy afforded a pretext. DrixEr was left at Lahore, and GOOLAB raised to independent empire in the north. This rather hurried arrangement does not appear to have been fortunate or well-judged. The court of Lahore, shorn of half its empire and its resources, with its capital occupied by British troops, has ceased to com command the respect of its fanatic soldiers and subjects; whilst GOOLAII, by character an avaricious and cun ning intriguer, would apparently have acquitted him- , self better as Vizier at Lahore, than as chief of moun tain feudatories. He is without the bold courage of the military chief. He is at once despised and feared by those mountain feudatories, previously almost indepen dent, and the more unwilling to accept his !apacious and inglorious yoke. The result is, that we have thrones to support, the occupants of neither of which are true to us ; and whose removal, consequently, we , shall, sooner or later, be compelled to undertake. One advantage of the division might certainly appear to be, that a separate attempt may be made to re organise each portion, and that the disadvantage of having both united against us may thus again be avoided. But it is uncertain whether even this is secured. . The tarrying of Lord HARD:INGE, not only in India, but on the north-west frontier, shows his anxiety—and a very laudable one it is—to carry out and render secure a conquest forced upon him, and with which his name and fame must be eternally connected. Some months back the Governor-General was bent upon recall, and ambitious of wearing his laurels in England. Now he remains, perforce, to carry out the policy which he himself originated, and of which none can so advantageously hold the threads and direct the completion. The evacuation of Lahore, which was to take place on the Ist October, or the i prolonging its occupation in consequence of a request from the Sikh court, would bring matters to a crisis. The next mail, however, can bring us no tidings of this. We must await that of November. THERE is to be a meeting of the Irish landlords in Dublin. This step appears to be promoted by two parties ; by landlords, who feel or fear that the operation of the Labour Rate Act will impose pecu niary burdens upon them heavier than they can bear ; and by political leaders, who think they see in the present crisis an opportunity of augmenting the num ber of their partisans, and of promoting ulterior ob jects. These two parties are irreconcileable, their aims incompatible; and though it would be rash to predict confidently, the most probable consequence of their coming together will be a dispute as to what the convention legitimately can or cannot do; a secession I of one or the other section of its promoters ; a waste of time; and neglect of the measures urgently called for to meet the coming and already existing destitu tion. No one who has watched the progress of the pre sentment sessions under the Labour Rate Act, can doubt that in many, in most cases, the presentments have been in excess. They are more in amount than is required, more than the baronies can bear. The cause of this is obvious. The presentments have been voted •on most occasions by a majority re lying upon Government to disallow a large proportion of them. They have been voted by magistrates and sworn cess-payers, wkQ would have curtailed them, but feared to encounter popular IXIiIIIII it' they did so. They have been voted within sight of excited mul titudes, always on the verge of destitution, and now with famine staring them in the face; and under the denunciations of, we sincerely be lieve, sympathising al.d well-meaning priests, who owe their hold upon the people to the belief that they aie identified with them, ' and who really arc so. Lacking courage to stem this torrent of excitement, the magistrates and eess-payers leave to Government the unpopular task of cur -1 tailing the excessive votes. They leave it to bear the whole of the vituperation sure to be poured upon any one who dares to exercise an independent judgment, and proportion the actual aid to the actual need. Can a constitutional Government refuse to sanction votes asked fur by three-fourths of the community, and voted by the remaining fourth? It must act in accordance with public opinion, and through the instrumentality of the people. It cannot do even what is right and times sary, where all are against it or silent. The British Government is sincerely anxious to aid Ireland : but if the landed aristocracy and middle class, instead of acting in the same spirit, instead of taking upon them their fair share of the burden, and resolutely ascer taining what that is, pass extravagant votes in the hope that the chapter of accidents may enable them to escape scot-free,—they place Government in such a position that it has no choice but to swim with the stream or be swamped ; and they must take the con sequences. The alleged inability of the landlords to exercise their free judgment at presentment sessions, is a proof of their habitual neglect, we will not say of their duty, but of the dictates of common prudence. In England and Scotland it is difficult, we might say impossible, for any one to triumph over the land lords at meetings in rural districts, even with justice on his side. How comes it that the Irish landlords ' at rural meetings, even when they profess to temper common sense with humanity, are utterly power less? How comes it that the support of the land lords, in England the county candidate's passport to success, is in Ireland the warrant for his re jection? Because, for generations back, the Irish landlords have acted in defiance of their duties. Because the rural population knows nothing of the great majority of them, except as rent-exactors. These landlords, for even so long a time, have been wasting their means in striving at a display above their means, and then engaging in political jobs to replace them. Men may be absentees by haunting the Vice-Regal Court of Dublin, as well as by spending their rents at London or Paris. Men may live on their estates, yet be practical absentees. While the Irish landlord has thus been neglecting his duties, the Priest has been discharging them ; and has in consequence inherited the landlord's share of influence in addition to his own. We believe that while Mr. O'CONNELL and the Nation generalise the epithets of " Sa.s.enagh," and " stranger enemy," the Irish peasant personifies them in the landlord, whom he knows not under the old Saxon name of "bread-divider," but solely as rent taker. This is the source of thelandlords' impotence among their countrymen. This it is that has placed them in the position from which they seek to escape by ex posing Government to odium for merely seeking to deal fairly with landlord and peasant alike, while they would fain keep all to themselves. And now, having done what they can in their respective locali ties to weaken Government at a time when it most needs to be strengthened, they are going to meet in Dublin, to increase public distrcction and waste pre cious time by talking when they should be acting. In one way we can conceive that a committee of in telligent leaders among the land-owning class might at this moment make themselves useful in I tublin. We hear much of the destitution that prevails, and have no doubt as to its extent and intensity. But down to the moment at which we write, we are destitute of any tangible or specific details as to the amount of food in the country, or the numbers and local distribution of those who require food and extra employment. There is food enough in some parts of Ireland : it is not in every barony that the people have lost their whole available sustenance, and are destitute of employ ment. What localities require assistance I How many people require assistance ? What amount of assistance da they require ? Give us the means to proportion the aid to the exigency. No where dues there appear to have been any sys tematic or persevering attempt on the part of the Irish public, to elicit this information, or to give it publicity. Yet in no part of the empire could it be more easily effected by voluntary effort. The exact boundaries of every town-land have been ascer tained by the Ordnance Survey. The diet popula tion of every parish and barony has been ascertained by the last census. There are relief committees in all parts of the country, and the county lieutenants have been instructed to organise such committees in sub divisions of every barony. With little exertion, these committees might prepare accurate statistical returns of the amount of destitution in their respective dis tricts, and of the local means to provide fur it. A central committee in Dublin might work these up into a complete return, which would at once serve Government as a guide in the direction of its exer tions, and inform the general public of the empire where relief was required, and to what amount. Had a tithe of the destitution now existing in Ireland befallen England or Scotland, such a step would have been taken long ago ; because Englishmen and Scotchmen are accustomed to help themselves, or, if they cannot, to proportion their requests for aid to their actual wants. But in Ireland it has ever been too much the habit to lose heart and self-reliance. It is not enough to say that there are a thousand here, and three thousand there, who have lost all th , it potatoes. Extraordinary means of relief are not re quired for the whole of these. There are ordinary permanent means of relieving part of them; it is only the surplus in whose behalf extraordinary efforts are required. There are in Ireland 130 Poor-law Unions, with their boards of guardians and their workhouses. There are in Ireland 664 district dispen saries,lol fever hospitals, 41 infirmaries. There is in Ireland some available employ meat from private individuals; and there are public works actually in progress. What proportion of the destitute can be taken in charge by these ordinary means of relit!? It is only for the surplus that extraordinary means require to be called. into play. Let the landlords, the general public of Ireland, drew up a distinct account of what is required to be done, and what they can themselves do; let them be doing, even while pre paring this statement ; and no extra aid that is re quired will be grudged. But give us the means to detect and check the jobbing and peculation of those, who in every country are too ready to thrust them selves forward on such occasions to waste and absorb, in " management," the funds advanced for distress. Two important memorials have been addressed to the Lords of the Treasury by the Manchester Cham ber of Commerce. One of these urges their Lord ships to take into immediate consideration the pro visions of the navigation laws, with a view to remedy the restraints to which they subject trade. It is brief, and simply states the opinion of the memorialists, that these laws are impolitic, and that it is impossible to retain them against the United States and seVe:al I other nations. The other memorial is levelled against tyre system pursued by the East India Company ta respect to bills and the rate of exchange. Tkie Chamber of Commerce, after premising that b . ,. the Act 3 and 4 William IV., the East India Conr i niny are precluded from engaging in trade so loNg as the government of the Anglo-Indian territorica are entrusted to them, proceeds to state : ..11u: notwithstanding the veal of parliament so dialir.ctly down. the lloneurable the Last India Coanreinv commenced, imme diately after the 'etas's' of the act, a an stern of destine which doubly interfered with otho rs of the trading subjects of hie majesty, hr disturb ing the prig. both of gonals and money. Under the plea of procuring tie sofa receipt of funde fur the diacharge of the homaarablecompany'a liabilities In this coon ry, warehouses were opened at all the pen& drones, where money advances were mode to them who were willing to deposit goods, to be controlled by consignment to the company In Leselmhall-street ; and at the name time they Wooed bills on In return for mosey paid to them in London. The effects of this double narration could not be long concealed; the markets of Indio were ruffled, —becoming elevated at one time by the power which the company's money advances there gave to bold adventurers arid reckless speculators; and bnaruid at :mother, w e e , ' 'e at ", Wrroatrl ar,,,,tio were log in Lg. disturbonees like these render imposehle that safe and equitable system of Cyan merce b. which alone the solid intereSe !of both producer Lind con somme can be intemationaliy developed; and these disturfoneee have been further aggravated by the arbitrary "twiner in which the honourable company hare been in the habit . of fixing the rate of ex change at which their advances in India, or theoc bills in !melon, hove been granted. It Is, therefore, no source of wonder to your riali ta e What India has been visited by periods of commercial depres sion and disarm,* more frequently and :Lore severely than any other portion of her Maje-ty ',dominions; and they 010 not hesitate to express their opinion thot such will continue to be the case so long no the sys tem of which they clonal:du shall be permitted to be practised." The memorial then enters into an historical resume of the ineffectual efforts made by the Chamber to obtain an alteration of the system by applications to the Treasur y and the Board of Control. A notifica tion of the Governor-General of India in August, 1813, is quoted, stating that the local governmea had recommended the home authorities to discontinue the practice as unnecessary wad mischievous. 1/ocuments are also quoted to show that dissatisfaction had been excited at Calcutta by the home government persist ing in the practice, and that it had been discontinued at Bombay. The memorial, after intimating the latter fact, proceeds : " But notwithstanding this publided declar..tion of the local govern ment, other interests prevailed, mad the 'v-tern wear still continued. In the early part of this year, however. the news arrived that the honourable company had ems. el their hypothecating warehouses in India. and had announced that no further advances on the hvpothees. tion of goods would be made in any of the presidencies , during the move n( the then (official year; that La, from lkocernlair 22 ' 1845, to the Is! of May, 181 G. In the hope that wiser counsels were about to pre vail, and feeling that no permanent good to India couid arise from a temporary ahmadontnent of tie system, Your memonalists forthwith addressed a memorial to the court of directors of the honourable corn pane, dated Ist of May, expressing their satisfaction at the closing of the hapothecating warehouses, and praying that the ' system might lie finally abandoned, and that the fact of such final abandonment might be promulgated by them selves throughout all the preoidencies. To this memorial ft was replid that the court did not deem it expedient to shanden that system of remittance ; and within a few weeks the honourable court published a nonce in London thatadrunees on the hypothecation of good+ in India would be made there to the extent of 800,000/. up to the Ist May, lilt. Tour ir.eanosnalisLa cannot know the motive,• which have induced this inisehievoin Mr.,: for experience has proved that if confidence could be placed in the discretion and continuity of purpow of the Court of Directors, abundance of means would be pro vioinl for the legitimate want.' of the government, by payments unto their London treasury aptinat ball. on India. The ordinary require meuts of the honourah ,a o company in England are ilout ;1,000,000/. a-year during the yea 1845, when the pawning oval, m was in toner, the receipts by them in London as tint bill. on India amounted to 3,183,7214.; and from the lith of January to the Coth of September, of the present year, the rum so paid in London amount to 2,29t1,0e0f., being at the rate of 3,300,000/. for the year." The memorial concludes in these words: "Your memorialist , are aware that a money pressure has existed for some time In India, towards which many comers may have comb:tied ; but they believe that no cane contributes mote to din. tun:cage and pressure than the >hewn' of which they compiain. It cannot be expected that kuletillalik capital can tiow into In aa, either for It., ordinary occupation,- of COIiUMITV, or is amide-anon to land culture, so long as every operation and every interest ran be arbitra rily In'erfered with by the pawning propensities of the government.. Imtia hoe long sneered foam these came.. Commercial capital has, indeed, been used by stare, but never without ampicion of danger; nor will it be fully applied until released fruit the apprehension of being ore onseioualy brought into a rivalry with the government, or being suddenly end dospothially insured by an interference with the natural current uf the exchange." The troubles of New Zealand are not yet over. We have been favoured with the perusal of a letter from Wellington, dated the 26th a May, from a month to five weeks later than the previous recounts from that quarter. The letter came by way of Valparaiso. The writs is a person whose veracity and firmness warrant confidence in his statements : " We are inn state of great al rem :aid consternation, owing to the cireuurdwwe of Montihamita, the Wairau taurderer, having, with his tribe, (alien sudiksilv upon some at out-is't on the Hull, and killed and u I MAW till ; al-o a ; odd it to this he threatens to k!ll every white man here. We are using every effort of Which we are eandile at tdrengthen ounelve' ..cainst any attach that may be made ow in but the want of sufilvient military force heightens our apprelansion of il.mger simuid curls an is.vurranee tale pilaw." The Hon. Hobert Boyle has been appointed one of tho grooms in waiting on her Majesty; and it is believed that Earl Cowper will succeed Lord Thanet as Lord 'Lieutenant It the County of Kent. It understood that Mr. Justice Erie will go to the Queen's Bench, and Mr. Vaughan Williams to the Common Pleas. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. The Paris journals of Tuesday announce the arrival of the Prince de Joinville, at half-past 11 o'clock on the preceding day. Two hours afterwards he accom panied the King and the Due de Neinours to a general review of the troops garrisoned in Paris, which took place in the court of the Tuileries, pre paratory to the departure of certain regiments. The telegraph chronicles the triumphant advance of the French Princes in Spain. On the 4th inst., at 11 o'clock, u.m., they were at Miranda-de-Ebro, and reached Burgos in the evening of the same day, at six o'cLek. At eight the following morning they pro ceeded onwards for Buitrago. It is stated that their Royal Highnesses met with the same reception in Castile as in the Basque provinces, and that in all places they were welcomed with the loudest acclama tions. It was reported that some informality had been detected in the marriage contract of the Prince with the Infanta, which might cause some delay. It was also said that Lord Normanby had declined dining at the Chateau of St. Cloud on Tuesday, the birth-day of the King. M. Dranit, the Opposition Deputy, whose election had been declared void, atter the sharpest discussion of the last short session, has been re-elected at Poitiers by a majority of 32 votes. a greater number than at his last election. This was to be expected. The sums withrawn from the savings b-inks of Paris continue to increase weekly. During the week ending Monday last they amounted to 814,048 francs, the new deposits to 602,616 only. A letter from Brest, dated October 2, states that the French troops bound for Oceania were to embark immediately. The Minister of Marine, Vice-Admiral Mackau, was to prolong his stay at Brest until the Gth of October. M. Bernhard da Silva Cabral embarked, on the 2.ird ult., at Cadiz for Marseilles, on hoard the Gundo Guditona. From Marseilles he intends to come to ' Paris. General Polo, brother-in-law to Cabrera, his aide de-camp Chincilla, and another superior officer of the old C'arlist army of Aragon, have been arnsted within the last few days, at Carpentras. Two other Spanish refugees, Abbe Ma-anus and M. Colei, have also been arrested at Avignon. PARIS, OM 6. Cour* dr I Fen , igise, for miner.—Five per Cents., 117.0. Three per Cents., ti2.6i. • Shares or the Hank. 3195; Rent e de !Caplet ( rothselul4). 101; Bom ' an !OM ; Belgian Five per Cents. !Mt)), 100; Mtn (VW). 112 i ; (Sank $1141,9, 13;0; tianneron &to, 1172.50. Esehantre on L•sulort, .P 3 days. 23.:0 ; three months, 23.3.5. The Five per Cents. ells al far the account • t 117.35; tae Three per Cents. at 82.03. Our colvices from Madrid are of the Ist instant. All the capital was on the tiptoe of expectation for the arrival of the French princes, and great prepara tions making for the festivities to take place on the celebration of the two marriages definitively settled :or the 10th instant. El Tiempo announces the expected recognition of Queen Isabella by the Northern Powers. A letter from Berlin asserts that Count de Below is to be the Ambassador of the King of Prussia at the Court of Madrid, The Era del Omit - rel ., ' has paid the fine to which it was condemned, and appeared as usual on the 30th. In the evening of the 29th, the General Officers of the garrison of Madrid waited on the Queen and the Infanta to coogratulate them on their approaching marriages. A Madrid letter of the 30th ult. states that tilt; Spanish Government had intended to publish a very w.e_ tenstve amnesty on the occasion of the double marilege, but that th • movement of the Carlists. and the sum) , esed collusion of some of the leaders of the Progresaist rstrty, will necessarily render it much more limited than it would have been; if, indeed, the amnesty be not altogether postponed. The artillery corps of Spain has determined, says a letter from Madrid, to offer to the Duke of Cadiz and the Duke de Monpensier two magnificent swords from the manufactory of Toledo. The scabbards are to be of silver, and arc t' represent snakes intertwined. Those weapons are to be enclosed in boxes covered with morocco leather, lined with velvet, and ornamented with allegorical gildings. It was generally reported on the Paris Bourse that Mr. Bulwer was to leave Madrid during the celebra tion of the marriage festivities. MAIMID, OCT. I. —Three wr Cents , ; roar per Cents., 21i ; Fire per Cent .., 12. Other prkes as our I qnotations. en.:cd by the Mexican mail of the i i i ,„"s of Dcl Monte and Boleno, is the former, the quantity of tihro2 :: iry c esEc aic ot o lfs u ft n ah t etory. ore raised exceeds the means reduction, and might be much further increased. There is a large quantity both of smelting and common ore. The profit for July is 15,000 dollars, and for August, 18,000. The mines look well in every cart. Possession of the celebrated Cerro-del-Butte mine was obtained on the 3rd of August. The other mines of St. Francisco, are also promising well. SOUTH A E 111 (:.k.—l'Eur.--By way of Panama, and brought by the Medway steamer, advice' have been received to-day from Lima, to the 13th of August. Politi cally they have no importance. The repub:ic was in the enjoyment of perfect tranquillity. General Castilla, the l'resident, says a private letter, " appears to be firmly fixed, and the last thing people seem to think of is a revolution." Although Peru has sow been two years with internal peace, commerce was only beginning to revive after so lung a check. Confidence had, however, just received a severe shock, the remains of long former depression, in the failure of the house of Puch and Ilerro, large native buyers, or intermediate wholesale dealers, perhaps the largest, betwixt mercantile importers and retailers. Thee had called their creditors together. The failure was of 'large amount, but it was ex pected that with time they would he able to pay all, although the loss might be equal to 50 per cent. for the creditors, from the delay. Two leading English hopses in Lima were the largest creditors. MEXICO.— Extract !tom a private letter dated Mexico, 28th August : Political affairs here are in such a confused state, that it is almost impossible to understand what is gang en ; however, I will tell you all I know. You will already have heard by the last packet, of the pronunciamento in Vera Cruz., in favour of Santa Anna, and that an invitation was immediately sent to him to return to the republic. Two days after the arrival of thin news here, the troops followed the example of the Vera trur.,,nos, and pronounced for Santa and Fede ration. Pariahs hid a few days before, on the ground of his going to march to the north, delivered over the governmeut into the ham.. of General Bravo, and a liberal ministry had been formed, whose inten tion it was to have at once made peace with North America ; and by carrying through some liberal motions, have at least for a short time sustained the different restless parties. This, however, failed with the fede ralist., and the followers of Santa Anna, and the revolution broke out. The fallen administration slid not attempt to make any resistance, and thus no blood was shed, and all passed off quietly. General Stan ;a man without any reputation or followers) took upon himself the charge of &traits and Gamer Farhat. the chief of the Federalists, assists him in the eseteise of the duties until the arrival of Santa Anna. lie was expected to arrive by the last packet, but this was not the rase, as he hail hired a steamboat for the occasion, in which lie art ived three days later, and although it was reported heti• that the Commodore of the American squadron hail inlets not to allow hiss to enter into Vera Cruz, which Was of course very natural, being a Mexican general, yet lie was permitted to land In the middle of the day without Ming Moksted, and is now on his war to Mexico to take the reins of government, with the emustitutino 0f . 1821, consequently Federaton. The soldiers, and the personal friends of Smite Antic excepted, no one in in his favour, but set the people allow those things to take their course, without troubling their heads ohs tter it is for their good or nod, or at least without taking any steps to pre vent it. That the Americans have allowed Santa Anna Meister the republic is a circumstance which no one as yet van exPl,lin oats-fat. writs ; he has no doubt been in communiattion with the American governnsent, but whether he has promised to make a speedy peace, and intends being at once at the bead of the government, to deceive them and carry on the war vigorouslv, or whether it is really his par par to make peace, and is eatable of doing so, is not known. At the calne time, the American forces in the north, in four bodies, are marching on indifferent directions. One proceeds into Nuevo Mynas, a second has alnotly taken 1111.0-141111 of Monclova ; a third, the ' principal detachment, is on the road towards Monterey, and the ' volunteer', keeping along the coast. are in possession of clan Fern:auto, and are odd to he at the present moment past Sista la Marina. It appears also that Ciudad Victoria, the capital of Tantaulipaa aan the a•-taps stutter the name of Aguayo), has already fallen into their hinds, and (;t4 only knows how this will era The Americ.in squadron in Vera Cruz remains quiet ; and it rmpears that it is •not their intention to undertake anything against that place. The Mexicans in general still are of opinion that they are capable of carrying on the war, whereas all the foreigners and all Mexicans of judgment are, since the battles of Palo Aitsiand itesaeco de Guerrero, of quite a contrary opinion, and are no doubt right, for the Mexican troops leave every place where the Americans make their appeartnee. There is no douht that a peace at the but moment would he a most disgraceful one for the Mexicans, but what arc they to do? If they carry on this war it will be quite a- disgraceful, for In that ease we shall see the Americans enter triunsphantly into the capital of Mexico, far it is the general opinion that the troops will not face the Americans a second time. The distance the Americana hart marched from the Mexican boundary is about 450 leagues ; and the distance from where they are to the c spiral, about kV; that is to say the more advanced body. UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY AFEEIINOON. By the arrival of the packet ship Yorkshire we have New 'Vialc date, of the 16th, being one day later than we were previously in pos,ession of. The latest accounts from Washington hold out increased prospects of an early peaceful settlement of affairs between Mexico and the United States. An electro-telegraphic communication from Baltimore, dated the night of Tuesday, the pith of Sept., is as follows: We have no mail south of Richmond this evening, nor any intelligence by the wegern mail from :he Santa Fe expedition. We learn from St. Louis that two Mormon spies have been shot by the Anti-Mormon mob at Rouyn°, which it is feared is the beginning of a sanguinary conflict between these factions." The annual report of the trade of New Orleans presents some highly important statements in relation to the trade of that city. There has been an enormous increase in the receipts of all descriptions of provi•ions—cotton, grain, Hour, tobacco, in fact, in all the staple agricultural productions of the great valleys of the. klisstwipi and Ohio rivers. A corn ari.on of the aagregate market value of produce received at New Orlea -a from the interior, for the year ending Ist Sep tember, 1616, with that for many previous years, ezhasits very remarkable result. The value of produce received up to lst September exceeds the highe.t of former years by seventeen millions of dollars. . _ . . At the present moment it is of the highest importance to ascertain the exact movements of flour and torn at New Orleans, and we find that the receipts of flour and wkeat from the opening (tithe navigation, and including the first week of September in 1845 and 181 G, have been as follows flour, brie. Wheat, bu•h. IRM 1.10u.610 441,1407 621,215 This shows an excess of upwards of fou r hu•ad•Yd and eighty thousand barrels o• flour, and of six. huralred aad twenty thousand bushels of wheat, so far if urimg the present year over a corresponding ptriod last 'lac, OPERATIONS OF THE Alf .MY AND NAVY. (From the Washinyt on ration.) The last mails bring no very I ate intelligence from the army on the R. O Grande. The la t despatches from General Taylor state, that the army wi LI be on the advance for Monterey by the let of Septer sber, at the latest—perhaps several days earlier. The con , t try begins to be impatient for actor. The heroes of the 8 and 9th of May displayed such entrgies on those mem. misfile occasions as could not but encourage the most sang' tine expectations of a prompt and vigorous campaign. " ,d Rough and Ready" has be come the sobrivta of the Cc unwinding o,ueral. We hope that he will realise the chars ter to the end of the chapter. The general who leads the army into an enemy's country should be full of rinteutm bell-balanced, stlf-centred —susceptible of the bighs enthusiasm—capable of impart ing it to all his follow , ex — -bold as well as active—coutideut of hinistlf—exerting ever y means, and emplsyieg secondary substitutes according to t ne circumstances in which he may be placed. Such, we ho will prove to be the course of the brave commander Al the gal:ant officers with whom he is lieufeiated• General faylor ' it is now understood, has the means of teensiioetetiot its his 11311d1-111IlleS as well as wag gons. We hoist, soon to hear of his rapid marches, and his victorious progress. is no sort of founduti o n. It moue in the shape of a letter sly prevailed, for which we learn there One rumour has be from Matamoras, ab tut the loth of August, and was pub lished a few days y ,o in the Baltimore Sun. It states that, on the preceding ni ght, 400 rancheros had broken into tae town and created P confusion; that it was the commence ment of the gue rills mode of warfare, tic. The whole story was unfouin led. it was an idle quiz perpetrated upon the colonel of a volunteer force, which betrayed him into some ridiculous • blunders. The plan of t) 0 . campaign has been conceived in a decisive spirit, and we ought nut to doubt that the success of the re sults will corer apund with the vigour of the design. two or three small naval operations in the Gulf. And the loss of e the littl e • disappoiutinent ha, been felt from the failure of s'suston is a source of sincere regret. But no official tie" int has been received from Captain Carpender to exPlein the whole transaction. Whether or why he reposed confidence in the strange pilot, whom he had captured, and then whet her he was betrayed by the treachery of his guide, or wh e th rthe guide himself was mistaken about the coast ; r.d ~in are the particular circumstances which induced a. hint to s urrender his men at Teepee, and why he did not strike fur some efficient place of escape, if any were prac ticable remains to be explained by the c Than him self, whose character has stood so fair and high in the serve of his country. The Mexican co at on the Gult is full of shoals and uttelbara, which are calculated to impede the approach of our vessels, aid the debarkation of our try ups, and to call forth all the cir...umspection of our naval of ricers. The events and prospects on the coast of California are bright and cheering. 'there is reason to believe that before this time the whole of that coast has been occupied by our squwlron. Monterey is certainly taken, and Giumas, and it is certain that the Yerba Buena, un the bay of San Francisco, was summoned by Captain Montgomery, audit is believed to have been taken without resistance. We met, at the War Department this evening, with a cap tain in Colonel Stepheason's regiment. Ile informs us that the troops were being paid oil souse months in advance, as they were actually embarked, and that they would certainly sail far the Pacific in the course of this week. The Secretary of the American Treasury has knell the following circular to collators dad other othters of the Customs Treasury Department, Sept. 90846. I have to call the attention of the officers of the Customs generally, and more particularly those ot certain mentioned districts on the frontiers of the United States, to the provi sions of the annexed act of Congress, approved the Bth of August, 1846, "For the allowance of drawback on foreign merchandise imported into certain districts of the United States, from the British North American provinces, and exported to foreign countries." It is to be observe.' that the act allows drawback on any merchandise imported from the British North American provinces adjoining the United States, which shall have been duly entered and the duties paid or a cured aecording to law, at either of the ts ports of entry in the. colhation disrei eri.,,,4 the northern, north-eastern, am: north-weet, l ro "44 ' l l ' of the United States, and autiorises sucli ro e ,„‘,.._ . .. disc to be transported by land or by wat.7r, or part?, h; - ". t. „ , 1 and partly by water, to any port or ports from w hi t - -. , chandisc may, under existing laws, he e x p orted (w o , . ! benefit of drawback, and be thence exported with such 1 4 1 lege LO any foreign country. All such goods are, howls required to be exported within one year from the d x te se t importation.—Where goods us entered and the duties sese r' at the port of arrival on the frontiers referred to, sad r ree ,.. e s—• ..: to be transported fir exportation from another . 4e, --" • ( transporttration must be made in conformity with e i - 7, 0 f' . regulating the transportation of merchandise f 4 benefit of drawback. In granting debenture in thy o • eau*, a deduction of 21 per cent. must be mete from the drawback. It is moreover to be observed that all dutit'sle merchandise imported int. the ports is leered te, the adjoining British provinces, is entitled to all the rt . yin/es and benefits granted by the warehousine ' it , of 6th August, 1816, if the importers choose to avail 'Rives of said privileges and benefits. Consequently any „,,,, k merchandise not entered for consumpti on mar he warch at either of said ports, and be subsequently withdrawn there. from for transportation to other pints of sun to le re-wa re „ housed thereat, and be ex pored d irectly from WA rehouse tour foreign port on payment only of storage and expense' la all such ease% therefore, the regulations and forms prescribed in the circular issued by the department under date crib s 14th ult., for the government of the officers of the custom, in carrying into effect the warehousing act, mast h e , strictly complied with. Any article of merchandise lob. ject to ad valorem duty imported into the frontier p m , before re f o r m( ' to, which are not of the growth, manufacture, or production of the British provinces alluded win the act, moot pay duty upon " the current market value or wholi sale price of similar articles at the principal market, of the country of production or manufacture at the period of the exportation of said goods, wares, and merchandise, to the United Smtes." To this value is to be added all corgi sad charges, except insurance, and including, in every case e charts fur commissions at the usual rates. F ort h, eirpee,.. ment of merchandise at ports where there ar, , no lead ap. praisers, the appraisers ent is to be made in the manner •I4i cated in the 16th section of the act of Ist March, 152.1, o e „ wit: by two reap( ctahle resident merchants of the port, duly by the collector for the purpose, t o rroere fur their services while actually employed on du i dirty, • compensation of five dollars per di em , ~,,h , as authorised by the seventeenth section of the said oct It is specially enjoined upon the offivra of th e cur toms at ports to which merchandise may he tru u .p oned under this act, either for exportation therefrom to a ',rein port for the benefit of drawback, or to be re-warehoused thereat, and especially in the case of foreign spirits Lai wines, to have such merchandise carefully inspected sad examined, to ascertain that the packages, boxes, ra h, , /Cc., contain the identical articles describ,d in the hanspy. tation certificate accompanying the same, without diming tion or cheap. of the article in any respect having taken place during the transportation. R. J. V. ALKEIt, Secretary of the Treasury. PIIIL‘DELPHIA, Suer. 15.—There is nothing new in coma. Mg r much inquired for, and 414 25 freely offered. Holder* are Ern g Si 50 for fn.h gonad, of which the market it n eii rty b„ . 04 Mock, and reinxpeeteil, it worth .64 to 4 12 1 ,. Rye flour i. he'd I , and torn meal .5.2 75 to 63. Wheat is in reque4, with sale. of pees, sylvania red at 95 to 96 crow ; eouthern, 93 cent.. co rn ha, 4. sanced, and 5,000 toti.he4i tnssl nouthern yellow ' , old at 63 rent.; a in held at 65 cent,. Southern oatik 331034 cents. Unveil oil, .4 ei yestenlay and to-dry to the extent of 50,000 gallons, is now wan SI to 60 cents. 11m:ramose: Sege. 15.—There were sales of parcel+ of Hower& street flour on Saturday, at 4 dollars 12 cents. Tslay an advance of l 2 cents war. demanded by holden: and , sales of uss briv. were made at 4 dollars 2.1 vents, at which rate dealers are y cite firm this evening. Wheat+ are very scarce and in KMAI denwMl. Akw lain of Maryland red+ have been made at an advance .1 1 or 5 out+ per bushel since Friday last. Whiskey may be quoted nominally in With. at 21i eentA, and brio. at 22 cents—holders gems ally nut bung slissmed to sell at these prices. NeAr Yonm, Seirr.ls.—This market closed a+ follows : —flour, ho.: Wes:ern Canal is firm ut 4 dollars 75 cent+, at which several at, were made. Sales of Brandywine were mirk at 1 donate 62i tents- It I. now held firmly at 4 dollar+ 25 cants. Common southern may Se quoted at Verse pt ices. Jersey Corn sleal scars• and in held at 3 dollars to 3 dollars 123 renew. 8,000 bu•hvl+ of 111-tern Wheat ou:d at 93 cents to 94 yenta. Genesee is held at I dollar to 1 dollar: rents, with mks. Corn, 68 cent* to 70 cents. Rye, 721 rents. COLONIAL. WEST INDIES. JAMAICA.—From this island our domatchrt.ats to the 9th of September. Frans Or THE Cotosotere.—As was to be staid paled, great apprehensions are expressed of the cc .11111:1 pita of the alterations in the sugar duties. The semi .rks of the Despatch on this subject are a fair specimen of the genera tone of the colony :—" While all is despair and alarm in the British colonies, hope and delight are boor .rat it Cuba. Ther • property has risen 25 per cent. in value , and a pro mised crop of 200,000 tons fur the next year It a s gives fresh energy to the slave.owner, and a g 100.5,48 it ap&e to the slave trade. The Cuba planter, who receives 12.. a cwt. for Ids sugar in Cuba, realises te handsome iota rest on his earl tail. We have never yet, under the most fat nimble circum stances, been able to produce it under 16... a t ot, on the arse age, every hundred-weight of sutra that Is ayes the Waal has cost 20s. to place it on board. ship, It is manger. therefore that the produce obtained at the l e aser vet would, at the highest rate of differential (buy. oat i meet the fortg: article on terms that would leave '2a. A t :undred-weigle a 2/. a ton, as the return to the West Inffis 1 proprietor, child the produce which costs 20s. must be sold at a lose. The result can hardly be a mystery. Tweistli ; r d s of the e .genti Jamaica will have *eased to he mall ca e c a h um ho w sa t period of actual equalisation artier*. f hort hand , d easte , , of hilly aspect, iu the hands of . met , unequa l to meet t h t co n se cutive loose,. of several years es atuditure must yield to the pressure conoequent on Lord .51 ,i,„ f t ,,, ne ip, mensan, and the RilioritY of aprdr ei t t zc et ti ef' - ‘SO, are lm_ i.d ts , w e e ire p arr y st b oced ,k, The sugar questioa has been comf ace d very generally to that of tho corn - !awes, and so far as injustice goes, the rea p:l6l.on may be admitted—but , they .„ i s vas t distincti on be. twecn free trade in corn and i° v trade in sugar. One it. stance of this distinction may stiff , ce :_it is beyond a doubt t i,,,n h ie:o a ryar t ir_ t r., l l. i nifr e iii, eo l i adto. of wetil t rh h ain e .rzta c ze ar , ri v. a . carriage a , a ,p,, i„tce. from:7 certa in f r,., foreign 0 ~e Cubs.e man yit t ne cousins t ir. : :0:: unfired-weight of sugar seat countries. a c . wi The w l h n i iig st h e t ‘ ,..for ay b e . from Jamaica costs 45., and f requent l y b. I'sl. Free trade with US, therefore, is an es it without mitigation." Wu° la To BEAR '4IIR LOSS ?—The Jamaica public is looking round for persons at whose e xpenae it may nous aniae. As the rate of wages is not subject to nes' lation, we suspect 0 overnment officials are hke:y to be laid hold on. The paper quoted above sas —. If a chance edits by which the West Indian plaices can hope to semis° the ruinous measure which has are evidenced the return to power ore destructive ministry, this chance rests solcly on such a reduction of his expenditure as may place him on &footing with the Spanish colonist. %eget must be brought down—taxes must be greatly reduced.' • And really, from the following statement, it would appear that the officials can stand a little *queering:—" It is redly appalling to a people suffering front trite both social and natural, to contemplate the expen d iture of the island f Ilia last year. The return exhibits a culpably unequal and diss proportioned distribution of the revenue: we are ehareed 00,977/. 13s. 4d. fur its collection, and pay fw " Judiai tune " the sum of 61,6361. 14.., of which 15,9781. are ..,r the salaries of judges. The Chief Justice of the island receives 3,000/. ; the Vice-Chmeellor. 2,5001. ; and the tee Assistant Judges, 2,0001 each, per annum, tor their RV vices." • STOT.EN OR STR % TED: A BIAROT.—The Desparsd informs us : " We are assured that the lord bishop may be expected by an early packet, and it is only asserting what has too long become a truism that his lordship's protrachal 61)4110S has been most seriously felt throughout the diocese, and the his return will be hailed with gladness by the inhabitaats a those districts to which spiritual instreetton has been 'haat totally denied by the absence of those temples of devotion which only await an appropriation of the liberal grant of the legislature to render them available to the emceed objects for which they were designed." ibis we think is ether too severe. The long absence of the bishop warrants, it is me, a little severity,. but to tell hint coolly that if they had en'y got churcs they could do without hint, is rather stress An absen te e bishop, by the way seems a fair euough sub ject for the proposed economical reform. ADMINISTRATION OT JI:t•TICE AT PORT MARIA —WC are assured, says the Jamaica Despatch, that since the month of June no court of petty sessions bar been held at Mans niug's Town, in consequence of the nom-attendaure of magistrates. Mr. Walsh, the stipendiary jeetice, whin re -1 sides at a distance of some 18 taxa from the Bay, and whose duties arc strictly confined to the western district of the parish, has regularly attended on every alternate Saturday at Port Maria, but he has not succeeded for some too months in obtaining an associate justice. Suitors and wit news have been compelled to travel from time to time scone twenty miles to the Bay, and h.ve li en ohliged to renal without effecting th it objects. But this is not the worst part of It. Cases are mentioned of prisoners who have beta confined on warrant. ahoy the month of June, and dew cases still remain unexamined. It is hut justice to the magistrates to state that much of the ineonvenienes com plained of has arisen latterly front the want of a eustos, and more remotely from the inattention of the gentleman she lately held that office. Mereoteotaniv.—A correspondent of the Jamaia Ms patch gives the amount of rain in Portland during the month of August at 10 . 81 inches. Ile adds: "The rain of August has been less than half that of July. The vegetation has been very great, work very indiffer e nt ; the math , r has been sultry, and very hot in the MU." After weapitulaticat the electric phenomena of the month, he o bserves : " If there has been any storm this month in our archipelago, it probably occurred about the 14th, or 19 th. or 'Leith,when the barometer had again risen and fallen to 129.75. It is seldom that the mun'h of August passes without sonic con v u l s i o n in and th se e I C do ar m ib s b u e ff a e n os i . e 'he al li t u h rri "u se gl nes ja ffi n7.t Jamaica frequently is h pass, as far as we can judge, from Tobago, Trinidad, end ar Barbadoes, or the neighnouring ocean towards the north west, skirting the north shores of Hayti and Cuba—some times penetrating the Gulf of Florida, oftener by far keep in g parallel with the shore of the continent , and gradually pro. u i , e n h i l ir y favoured g i a h : a g Atlantic.t datedo t i i h t m e 5, n 1 t o n : north-east, en -: ai are , t an d wbida admirable dbmoylriiNbtel the w o u charts u n is e rll a l n wo t 1 fc t ot o l, the oae :r1 more storms. One of these only passed to the southward of Jamaica, and crossed the Isthmus of Yucatan into Mexico. Another, that of August, 1335 (not the one that visited Bar: balms and occurred in September of t hat year), Fa" along the north of Hayti and Cuba, and whirled itself in so Texas. A third found its way up the Missioippi : this wits the horrible Ilarbadoes hurricane of 1831, which pawl directly over Cuba and Hayti, and did great damage. All the others h en the American continent, tending first the north-west,o the north, then to the nuthaast"to worse get wl find tl Ist, prese last f labou other the I, stead peopl matte they early what wish , •ri turd It GUI „ te. expa nd prol treltle( Auld it Testr `thelt the in r e act dee o t orti, or ogres kith other >vent , ' w oo a l e pend follow• le not iatter Sa&Y Y' lothe %Teets lord 0 calcul party. Tim ing give Azol Imn senn