The Express. — London, England, 1867-09-12 00:00:00

BROWN and POLSON'S CORN FLOUR for CHILDREN'S DIET. to obtain sates profit by the tale other kinds are eontethose fere I Instead of BROWN and TOLSON'S. " Jono Irowu," •"Juhn Polars," Is sighed by the imam oft cktett 'matt. ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. itirootitiug Director, Mr. Y. /grange.) Thive Ballets, IMO Dancer., a., ',atrium Mallets, Singers, Acrobats, Mimics ?U -teri*, Latest reitsiranis, Saloons, Siiiiver-nvitne, Lavatories, taniking.ruoMs, Yytning Paver; lo int:kestrel Pieces Every Eight. tilani at lialf.inist Seven, begin at Eight. rriees-12., Ys.. and ed.: neseemd Seats. to ; Private holes, from LI le. 13.1-otheo open Irian areal' to Your. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE will RE-OPEN, under the sole management of Mr. FKCIITV.It, on NION- D.ll' nest. septeinher Pi. when he will have the ho nou r of Wearing for the grist time In the character of rhilae Date in the play of THE LADY Oa' LYONS. The new scenery by T. Grieve. Boa.ottlee open COVENT GARDEN PROMENADE CONCERT:4, EoVENT GARDEN THEATRE. EVERY EVENING at 8. ruder the soh, direction of Mr. JoII N RUSSELL. 1110/..‘RT NIGHT THIS EVENING. The Progranime will include Overture. ZAEBERFLOTE. Adagio from Clarinet symphony, Mr. Lazarus. sng, "The Niulel." Mr. Wilfred %lonian. Fugue la t minor. 'anion', " Vol cho sapete," 11,111 e. !Samna. And the Jupiter Symphony. The serond part will c waist of Songs by Milne. Sandia and Mr. W. Morgan. Cabe and Polka, by Joilalll/ Wow. solos by )Ir. J WohU and Mr. J. Wbiterbottons. Overture, La 'lavaliere, hr. Conductors—Signor BOTTESINI ; for the Dance Music, leer JOHANN S IRA( KA. Nladanw J ra - rt"rßErvz will appear on Monday neat. Thursday next, a SI•oliR night. Promenade, AmpMtheatre Stalls, and Amphitheatre,One arl3rtoo* TO co RREA PO N DENTS. ,deertfsements Intended fur "The &press," London Seeming raper, most he at the 001oe, 10 , llouvatiewtreet, by Two Valor-too the der of pabikrace. UAYMAItRi.T. TRIS EVRSISO, ROME(TAIUrIEIifr. Meru. Chippendale. Howe, Rogers, Kendal, Clark, Weathereby, rke. ; Meslainea Stott Sid.lrms, Lars, ke.—TO PARIS AND BACK 1 1 011 46. ]lr. Buckatoae.—And FISH OUT OF WATER. rsiwcitmrt Tills ICTirsnio. POOR PILLICODDY. Messrs. Dominick Murray t Omsk= ; Miss Polly Marshall. —And TIIK '.TRL'RI`d 01, LONLioN. Mr. Yining, Mews. M•Leaa, D. Murray, k.; 31eadames Stuart, Barnett, and Marston. samutwiA. Tin Evian's, THE ORAY LADVE 0? PERNI.EA. Mina E Coartenay —MM. Coutelller and kanreolo Mr. Plampum Mr. and Mrs. Coleman and Mr. Brown—And THE WIDOW'S WIRE•MDE. Mr. E. Courtesy. WWII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ten Day —maniac ob. Nos..—..Altoriaoon. lh. 20m. To-lloatow—hlorelag. lb. Ws-- —Afternoon, lh. 57m. LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12. Tits Omnibus is one of the established institu tions not only of the streets of London, but of all our large provincial towns. It has everywhere become one of the essential conveniences of city life, and it is difficult to imagine any of our large towns, especially this metropolis, without it. Yet there must be thousands of persons going about the streets of London every day who well remem ber the aspect of those streets before the intro duction of omnibuses. But if we ask them how they managed to get backwards and forwards with out them, we are at once reminded that at that time London distances were not so great as they are now, and that the suburbs in which many of us now reside were country places to which the Londoner only thought of going on high days and holidays. The old two-horse Hackney coach began to give way to the present cab about the year 1823, and the state of very many of those vehicles suggests that the very first generation of them can hardly be extinct. It was about the time of the first fierce debates on the Bill which afterwards became the Reform Act of 1832 that omnibuses began to come into general use. They had been introduced in Paris in 1827, but : 4 .: was about four years later when they began to swell the traffid 6f the London streets. From that tir, t e to the present they have gone on increasing as th e metropolis itself has spread Luther and f arther on every si de , and not even the conr - „ et i t i oo of the railw ays with which London is penetrated in every direc tion seems to mat- J any appreciable difference in +heir nu mber 4L+-. • •-•• Nor do times and seasons appear to affect them, excepting in their more private function of e aiming dividends for shareholders. London may be empty, as it is at present, but the omnibuses : ae as numerous, as noisy, and nearly as full as at • .ny period of the year. Thatvast majority of the population to whom London is home, who are here, as a rule, the whole year round, are just those to whom the omnibus is a necessity. And as there are some two millions and three-quarters of people here even in the times of London's moat desolate emptiness, " Society " might possibly learn a lesson if it know from the point of view of the omnibuses how little it is missed. There are probably a few hundred thousands at the upper ) and lower ends of the social scale who make no use of the omnibus, but the rest of the London population make more or leas constant use of it. It takes them to business in the morning, and home again in the evening. In the middle of the day it takes their wives and daughters calling or shopping, and is the medium of such social inter course and communication as they and their families enjoy. There are, in fact, comparatively few of the constant dwellers in London to whom the omnibus is not one of the greatest social con veniences of the time. The omnibus, as we have said, came into use about the time of the first Reform Bill. For many years it remained as the Reform Bill did, an example of the natural conservatism of the English people. The outcry for a reform in our London omnibuses is, however, quite as old as the agita tion for a second Reform Bill, but unlike that it is not satisfied as yet. We may, however, note several improvements which have been gradually introduced, and which have made the present race of omnibuses at least something better than those of twenty years ago. The removal of the cross-seat at the end and the reduction of the number of imide passengers to twelve, the placing of a lamp in the vehicle at night, and of an intelligible table of fares at all times, are improvements which have been forced on the omnibus proprietors by the legislature. The heightening of the roof along the middle, allowing as it does a better ventilation, an easier egress and ingress, and a far better top seat, is an improvement for which we are indebted to the London General Omnibus Company. But these are only small improvements, and even now there are many omnibuses in the streets which have the old form of roof, and are as ill ventilated and awkward as they ever were. Such vehicles gene rally belong to small private owners, who have no capital to invest in their improvement, and who can only drive them till—as was the case the other day with one of the King's Cross omm'b•ses— the wheels break down of rottenness. But the Omnibus Company, which is just now looking anxiously round for means to create a dividend, and is therefore in the mood to receive suggestions of improvement, has the means in its bands of running all these crazy, broken down, inconve nient competitors off the road by adopting such improvements in their vehicles as are needful to the full development of the omnibus traffic. Our London omnibuses are, as a whole, behind those of all the towns in the kingdom. Leaving out of consideration the worn out and untidy appearance which many of them present inside, they are not fundamentally designed with a view to the conve nience of passengers. The method of climbing to the roof is quite primitive in its clumsiness and danger. The moans of catching hold of the omni bus in getting in and out are entirely insufficient, and in most cases the step is inconveniently and needlessly high. Inside there is not sufficient width to leave a convenient passage between the knees of the seated passengers, and as the custom is to make the latest corner go up to the highest seat, the process frequently has to be accomplished with much difficulty. Nor is there any means of communicating with the conductor, except by a series of signs and nudges which are passed on from passenger to passenger, after the fashion of schoolboys passing a pinch or a blow all down a form. Aa to the conductor himself, nothing can be more inconvenient than his position both for himself and for passengers. He is entirely with out shelter, is perched up on a little board as high as though his one function was to watch the pas sengers on the roof, is obliged to hold on by a strap, and is only at all in an easy attitude when his face is turned in the direction the omnibus is going, and when he cannot possibly be looking out for intend ing passengers, who may be in vain shouting after him from the street behind. Not one of these in conveniences exists in the Manchester omnibuses, nor in some which have been very sparingly intro duced into our London streets. It has been pleaded that three-horse 'buses do not suit the streets of London ; but the most convenient of all the Manchester omnibuses are those which ply on the route to Pendleton, and are drawn by two horses. With a railed stair on each side to the roof, there is not the slightest diffi culty in ascending or descending. Instead of one step behind there are two, or the floor of the omnibus is lower than that of our London vehicles, and there is an ample rail on each aide, which renders it so easy to get on or off that a Man chester omnibus very rarely stops except for ladies and strangers. The conductor stands on the step under a canopy which shelters the doorway, and is thus conveniently placed for passengers and for persons hailing him from the street, and com fortably for himself. There is ample headway in side, sufficient width to render a progress from the doorway t) the end between the knees of the pas sengers comparatively easy, and ample ventilation. In short, Manchester has adopted all the improve ments which experience and observation have sug gested, and London only those which law and public opinion have enforced. Possibly there may be something more than a distant connexion be tween this fact and one which will at least interest the shareholders in the London General Omnibus Company. Good accommodation, highly appre ciated and gladly used, pays well in Manchester; bad accommodation, disliked and only resorted to as a necessity, pays badly in London. OUR CONTEMPORARIES. (THIS DAY.) THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER I% ruffianism. The demeanour of Mr. Overeud's and of Mr. Pickering's witnesses corresponds as clomly as the sub stance of their confessions. The same shamelessness of avowal is united with the same blundering attempts at evasion. To confess everything that' they must sad to conceal all that they can is the idea of making a clean breast of it common to both the incriminated trades. But to estimate the character of Trade Societies generally by the facts brought out in these inquiries is as absurd as it would be to judge of the prevalence of crime in a com munity by the proportion of prisoners acquitted to pri soners convicted after gaol delivery. The appeals which some journals are making to middle and upper class prejudices can answer no good pur pose, and the labour and eloquence thus spent would be more rationally employed in pointing out to arti sans themselves the special dangers and temptations to which trades' unions are liable. If such a law as seems to be desired—prohibiting free association and joint action within the limit. of the law, could pass the legislature, its only effect would be to make combinations secret, and to multiply their violence and excesses. Ertl, Court. EALSIORAL, Sir. 10. The Queen went yesterday to Loch Muick, ac cump►nied by Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice, and attended by Lady Churchill. Princess Christian, attended by Lady Susan Melville, went out riding. Prince Christian, attended by Lieutenant-Colonel Gor don, went deer stalking. Lady Napier left the Castle yesterday. A Committee of the Lords of her Majesty's Most Hon. Privy Council sat yesterday at the Privy Council-office, Whitehall, on the subject of the cattle plague. The lords present were the Right Hon. Gathorne Hardy and Lthe Right Hon. E. Hammond. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office from the Governor-General of Canada. Despatches were sent to the Governors of Gibraltar and Malta. BANK OF ENGLAND.-(THIS DAY.) A half-yearly general court was held at noon at the Bank ; the Governor, Mr. THOMAS NEWMAN HUNT, presiding. The minutes of the list court having bean read and confirmed, The CHAIRMAN stated that he bed to inform the court that this was one of the quarterly general courts ap pointed by the charter, and also one of the half yearly general courts appointed by the 12th bye-law for snaking a dividend. The net profits of the half-year end ing 31st August last were 628,072/. 16a. 10d.; making the amount of the rest on that day 3,637,003/. 14s. 11d.: and, after providing • dividend of 4j per cent, the rest would be 3,002,118/. 14s. 11d. The court of directors, therefore, proposed that a half-yearly dividend of interest and profits be made on the 10th of October next of 4i per cent., without deduction on account of the income tax. The CHAIRMAN then put the question that the above dividend be made, which wu carried nem. eon. The CHAIRMAN next announced that the dividend war rants would be delivered and paid on Friday, the 11th of October. The minutes of this meeting having been read, On the motion of ➢fr. SEBAo, seconded by Mr. LAW RENCE LEVY, a cordial vote of thanks was given to the court of directors. The CHAIRMAN, in reply, thanked the proprietors for this renewed expression of their confidence. They might regret that the dividend was not larger, but the cause was quite evident, namely, the diminished value of the deposits in the bank ; and he did not think that anyone would de sire to return to what they saw last year even for the sake of getting a larger dividend. The court then separated. The Right Hon. H. T. L. Corry, First Lord of the Admiralty, is to visit Liverpool to-day to distribute the prizea on board the school frigate Conway. He will also inspect Messrs. Laird's shipbuilding works, and view the general resources of the port. _ _ The Right Hon. Gathorne Hardy arrived at the Home•oifee yesterday morning from his seat in Kent. The authorities at the War-office have issued an order for an inereaae of 2d. per day to the pay of all ranks of the militia. It is announced that Mr. Sothern will appear at the Haymarket as Lord Dandreary on the 14th of next month. The new graving and floating docks in Belfast are to be opened with great Eclat on the 2nd October. Among the well:known persona who have been elected to the parliament of Northern Germany may be mentioned Count Schwerin and M. Michaelis in Pomerania, and M. Pleasing at Lubeck. A curious work has been published at Breslau lately by a Dr. Hermann Cohn, giving the result of an examination of the eyes of 10,060 school children. The proportion of short-sighted children was 17'1 per cent., or 1,730 among 10,060. No village children were found to be short-sighted until they had been some time at school— at least half a year. Dr. Cohn attributes the evil in • great measure to the bad construction of school benches, which force the children to read with their books close before their eyes and with their heads held downwards. The obstinate adherence to the ancient Gothic character in printing and writing, to which Englishmen are generally inclined to attribute the prevailing near-sightedness of Germans, is not alluded to by Dr. Cohn. Prince de Metternich has left for Johannisberg, whence he will proceed to his estates in Bohemia. and there spend his holiday, remaining probably until the Bth October, when the Emperor and Empress of Austria are expected to oome to Paris. It is proposed that some 'plea did fetes shall then take place there. Besides the usual dinners and special entertainments, a ball will most likely be given by the denies de la Halle, who have not for a long time made • public appearance in the evening. The Ammo/ de Paris ia of opinion that it would be wrong to despise the forces of which the Abyssinian King disposes :—" His organised army includes 2,000 Europeans, deserters and banditti from all countries—all energetic people,who have drilled andezereised Theodore's soldiers, all pretty well equipped and armed with mus kets. It is said even th►t Theodore has a small park of field artillery." The Grand Duchess Helen of Russia was present on Saturday evening, is the Imperial box, at the Thefitre Italian, Paris, to witness the performance of Sonnambufa. General de Ls Martnora has arrived in Paris from Germany, where he visited the battle-field of Sadowa and other remarkable plasma of the late war. The Figaro, in mentioning some particulars of Dr. Veron's long career, relates the following :—Count Molt one day met the celebrated actress Rachel at the doctor's : It was after her brilliant triumph in Phldre. " Madame," said the minister with that exquisite grace which characterised him, " You have saved the French language !" Rachel made a low curtsey, and, turning to wards the doctor, said :—" It is so much the mote fortu nate that I learnt it." Mgr. Labmtida, Archbishop of Mexico, who formed part of the deputation which went to Miramar to offer the mown to Maximilian, has arrived in Paris, Count de Munster, Hereditary Marshal of the former kingdom of Hanover, had addressed a letter to King George recommending his Majesty to renounce his throne. Receiving no reply, the count recently renewed his advice in a letter to the Prince Royal- According to the Sticking organs, the King will send no answer to this communication either, and he will even send back un opened any future letters that the count may forward. This means that his Majesty will not renounce hie rights, u some journals stated. A letter from Cane• says :—" Omar Pacha may be seen at Cane• sitting at his window smoking his long Turkish pipe ; he looks • good deal pulled down lately, and has • nasty cough." _ _ _ A rare animal in the south of Europe, the lynx, has been captured in the department of the Maritime Alpe, with her family of young one,. A letter from Melbourne says :—" Our new poet office, which has been about nine years in building, is finished et last. It is a really magnificent structure, and would be an ornament to any capital in Europe. It was opened for the first time for the reception of the last Euro- pean mails." FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Daily News lauds the calm, peaceful, and business-like address of the King of Prussia. The honest public opinion of all Europe will join in the reasonable hope of the King that the task of completing the federal constitution will be accomplished in peace, and will cry Woe ! to the aggressor who under any pretext threatens to disturb so good a work. France has no more right to interfere in the family affairs of the German people than Prussia would have to interfere in the financial, commer cial, or military administration of the French empire. Cheese pour soi, chants chez soi, is equally applicable to both emontrita i and it is only by the strict observ►nce of that tolden rule of international relations that the peace df Europe will be made secure. The Tinter attributes the participation of Garibaldi in a peace oongress to his affectionate disposition and his 1112- perfect knowledge of men, which frequently place him at the disposal of others. His visit manifests the sublimity of his optimism and his belief in those Utopian theories about the indefinite perfectibility of the human race for which he finds a justification in his own boundless good ness—a goodness which indeed paaseth all understanding. Any wrong estimate ever formed with respect to his oharacter must have arisen from misconception, not from any disguise or mystification on his part. Garibaldi at Varese, at Marsala, on Lake Idro, is himself ; but at Geneva, as at the Turin Chamber, he is what those who love him too well, perhaps, but certainly not wisely, make The Sta► contends that the English people have the greatest interest in the consolidation of Germany, and these Frenchmen who now utter their spiteful ones against the noble nationality which has grown up in a day, will soon be compelled to own that when they clamoured for war they were the greatest enemies of their own country. The result of France and England ceasing their insane jeal ousies has been to confer vast benefita upon both. France, placed between two such commercial countries as Britain and Germany, will reap results not so barren as the fading glories of a victory in the field. Though Lord Stanley's proposition to America has not been accepted in its present form, there is no reason to believe, according to the Herold, it has been formally rejected. At all events, taking the matter at its worst, Lord Stanley km rev,. road the situation as it was created by Earl RusselL EXPKDITION. The Time is anxious the government and the country should not be deceived with regard to the true character of the new war upon which we are entering. The project is one of the most unpromising recorded in our history, and it is not too late even now for the government to con sider whether it has really exhausted all possible means of gaining the object it has in view without despatching English soldiers on so desperate an errand. The prestige of the English name, concerning which our country men ia the East always evince the molt unneces sary anxiety, will not be increased by a fruitless, or even by a successful, incursion into Abyssinia. The Tines be. neves th• government might have done more than it has yet affected with the Abyssinians themselves. A tenth pert of the money which is being spent in fitting out this expedition might, if judiciously disbursed in Abyssinia, have produced us the missing men. Colonel Merewether seems to know something of the natives. If the govern- ment gave him the necessary authority, we c►nnot but suppose that he wool I so make his cause understood as to lead them to give up Mr. Cameron and his friends, King Theodore notwithstanding. The Star continues Co deprecate the idea of the expe dition. For those who discern the dangers of the enter prise, bat are afraid to oppose it, it cannot bat feel con tempt. IS TOPICS. The Herald mentions with confidence and satisfaction a report that the government have come to the determine. tion of granting an independent charter to the Catholic University of Dublin. Discussing the annual report of the President of the Queen's College, Galway, the Times again condemns in the strongest terms the attempt of the late government to alter the existing organisation of the college. The success of the Queen's Colleges, before the step alluded to, is now un doubted. From the statistics only one inference is possible —the reckless promise of the late government that the Queen's University should be so transformed that its degreesmight be conferred on candidates wherever educated, though it has proved to be incapable of fulfilment, has been efficient to injure collegiate education everywhere. The recent speech of Mr. Warren at Dublin appears to in dicste no unwillingness on the part of the present ministry to purchaas the catholic alliance ; but the best guarantee that no attempt will be made to interfere with the national system of education in Ireland is found in the certainty that it would prove disastrous. It is observed by the Daily News that the evidence taken before the Trades' Union Commissioners at Manchester beam a melancholy family resemblance to that which was given earlier in the year at Sheffield. The brickmaken of Lancashire and Cheshire and the sawgrinders of Hallam shire mutt be bracketed equal in the honour-list of LATEST INTELLIGENCL (IUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE PEACE CONGRESS AT oirrEvA. GENEVA, Sen. 11, EVVIING. A long and stormy sitting of the international Peace Congress was held to-day at which M.Dupas tinier reproached the assembly, attacking religion and criticising the American Republic. The next sitting of the congress will take place on Friday at 9 a. m. General Garibaldi left suddenly this morning without informing anyone of his intention. GENEVA, seer. 12. A large public meeting was held here yesterday, to protest against the revolutionary and socialist tendency of the International Peace Congress now sitting. In addition to M. Fazy, M. Wessel has resigned his seat on the committee. DENMARK AND PRUSSIA. HAMBURG, St r. 12. A semi-official communication from Copenhagen published by the Hamburger Naehrtichten, states in reference to a rumour current in Berlin that Prussia was willing to draw the North Schleswig line of demarkation in the district of Hadersleben that such offers could not be accepted by Denmark on account of their insignificane. The Copenhagen journals express the same views on the subject in an equally irritated tone. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. KIEL, S. 12. The Schleswig-Holstein notables summoned to Berlin will exclusively discuss administrative measures, under which heading would come the question as to what language is to be used by the authorities in Schleswig in legal matters. ITALY. FLORENCE. Sm. 12. The Opinione states that the question of the Antibes legion, which never had any effect upon the good relations existing between France and Italy, has been settled. The negotiations on the subject have been con cluded to the perfect satisfaction of the Italian government, and in accordance with the spirit of the September convention. THE BOMBAY MAIL. SUEZ, S. 10. The Madras, from Bombay August 25, arrived this evening. AUSTRALIA. PLYMOUTH, Sim. 12. The Reigate, from Melbourne on the 13th May, arrived off here this morning and passed up Channel. She brings 24,162 OW. of gold and a general cargo. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE FULTON. FALMOUTH, Bmm It The United States mail steamshipFulion, Captain Townsend, from New York, arrived here at 4 a.m. to-day, with 57 passengers. She landed 4 passen gers and 32 mail bags, and proceeded direct for Havre. She sighted on the 9th inst. in latitude 50.5 longitude 21.16 the United States mail steam ship Arago and the ship Retriever, both bound west. She experienced a heavy gale off the Scilly Isles. (Br ATLANTIC TriZORAPIL ) NEW YORK, Sim 11, 6 P.Y. The National steamship Helvetia arrived out to-day. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Closing prices :—Gold, 142. Sterling exchange on London, 1094. 6-20 United States Bonds, 114 i. Illinois, 121 i. Erie, 71k. Cotten : Mid dling Upland, 26. PHILADELPHIA, Bar. U. Petroleum, standard white, 314. Thia telegram arrived in London at 8.50 a.m. to-day (Sept. 12). EXPRESS FROM PARIS. fliON 001 OWN PARIS, WIDNISDAT EVENING. I am informed that the French government has intimated to the Geneva authorities that it regards the " Peace Congress" as a meeting of conspirators against France, and as an infraction of that neu trality which is the condition of the existence of the Swiss republic. This is the explanation of the excuses sent by M. Jules Fevre and other French men for their non-attendance, and also of M. James nay's resignation of the vice-presidency of the meeting. The Swiss were unfeignedly delighted to see Garibaldi, and are sincere lovers of liberty in the abstract all over the world, but they natu rally wish to lead a quiet life at home, and are by no means inclined to be the first to pay the piper if the tocsin of a universal war were sounded. Although M. Rouher, in the sitting of June 22, repeatedly, and in a most solemn manner, assured the Corps Legislatif that it was from no hostility to the promised liberal laws, but only on account of the lute period of the session, that the govern ment prorogued the house, and that an extra session would most certainly be held in November for the express purpose of passing them, I believe, incredible as it may seem, that an excuse will be found for having no autumnal session, and that parliament will not meet till next year. This re solution is said to have been taken at the minis terial council held immediately before the Em peror's departure for Biarritz.. M. Monnier, the dismissed tutor of the Prince Imperial, is now at Bourges. The object of his visit is to inspect the battle field on which Julius Caesar fought Vercingetorix. No doubt the Emperor will utilise his researches for his third volume of "Julius Caesar." Notwithstanding the bitter tone in which M. Monnier has publicly spoken of his dismissal, the Emperor has warmly recommended him to the Minister of Public Instruction for promotion as a pro fessor. M. Durny is much embarrassed by the imperial command, because M. Monnier's hierarchical standing is so low, that no place worth his acceptance could be given without injustice to others. The title of Excellency—obnoxious to republi cans—which was revived by the empire in rare cases, was confined to ministers and the three pre sidents of the great bodies of the State. By way of extraordinary exception it has just been con ferred by decree upon Mgr. Lsndriot, the arch bishop of Rheims. It is wonderful indeed that a prelate of the humble ndi episcopari class should consent to excite the envy of his ecclesiastical subordinates by accepting a purely profane title. The senior criminal in the French prisons, a man named Decarnin, has just died in the Central Gaol at Loos, near Lille, at the advanced age of 92 years. He might have been as celebrated as Dickens's " Father of the Marshalsea," were he not among those many heroes who pass away unsung, =rent gxia vale saero. This venerable scoundrel passed forty-five years of his long life in various prisons. In 1815 he dressed himself up in the ~. uttlfo - rm of Marshal Brune, whose livery servant he was, and had the impudence to personate the Marshal at a review at Valenciennes. Since that time there is scarcely a crime or misdemeanour de signated in the 'penal code that he has not cotnmitted. He was a great favourite with his gaolers, as he always scrupulously obeyed the regulations and kept a civil tongue in his head. His history would be a hard nut to crack for those whose hobby is that a prison is only a moral hospi tal, and that the duration of imprisonment should be measured not by the enormity of the crime, but by the certificates of moral phy sicians [gaol inspectors] whose duty it was to re port whether criminal propensities were "cured." On this system Decarnin, who was convicted forty five times, would have suffered very little punish ment fur his numerous offences because he was a model prisoner and had nothing but "good marks." On his death bed he confessed with great fervour, and in a most touching manner begged pardon of God and man for his manifold sins. The Bourse was inclined to regard the King of Prussia's speech as peaceable, although, if closely scrutinised, it certainly contains not a word incon sistent with that of the Grand Duke of Baden, which the Moniteur ignores and which was considered as warlike. Rents closed with much firmness, at 70fr. Sc. and 70fr. 211 c., with a rise of Sc. for cash and 12}c. for account. Mobilier, after many fluctu ations, closed with a fall of 3fr. 75c. A ministe rial council is to consider to-morrow whether the Bank of France shall not be " recommended " to lend a sum of money which, according to report, varies from 35 to 70 millions. It will be most iniquitous if the taxpayers who had no part in the enormous fortunes made by the founders of this society shall be made to pay its losses. ~~ F. &Irmo Ito ltt F. D. Ws. W. S. 110 18, 1 I lI 3 . B.&E. 3 4 B. 4 I 3 • 8.8. W. 3 4 ; N. 1 13 .8 .8, 1 t 8 3 1 &SAL 4 7 &SAL 4 7 && 4 6 ' 8.8. E. 1 2 . W. O 7t 8 6 4 B.E. 2 4 ES. & • 8 . B.i. W. • 8 8.8 E. 6 3 B.W. 5 2 B.W. br 0.13 1 r 0.61 1 ro 0.23 1 C 0.04 1 CO 0.07 - I ro 1.32 8 r 0.95 5 00 -- o 0.03 - rb 0.25 8 rfo 0.43 4 oc 0.09 3 be c 0.13 4 ob 0.14 4 re 0.26 Cr ,6.33 - r;t 6 cr 0.61 4 cr 10 53 4 - THE PEACE CONGRESS AT GENEVA. The following is the opening address of M. J. Berni, who presides over the deliberations of the congress: We are assembled on the free soil of Switzerland to discuss one of the most important practical questions which can be studied by man—the elimination for ever from civil society of that state of war, armed peace, the last vestige of barbarous ages. We have to investigate the means of arriving in the most direct way at the pacific ideal which has become the object of man's aspirations. Men's ideas have made great progress mince the time when the Abbe de l'Rpie tint promulgated the words—universal peace. If the idea of an amphictyonio confederation of the peoples of Europe does not yet appear to be on the eve of realisation, it is no longer regarded as a purely chimerical conception. It is at the same time true that an inverse and retrograde movement is apparent in certain portions of Europe. Cseaarism, central isation, the theory of vast agglomerations, the system of permanent armies, are its essential features. In this con dition of things peace is impossible, for despotism needs an army, and an army needs war. Peace is as inseparable from liberty as war is from despotism. The first thing, therefore, to be done in order to attain the one is to do away with the other once and for ever by realising every where republican institutions. Without the republic, without the confederation of democracies, there is no chance of reaching the end which the members of the con gress have at heart. For those who doubt of the realisa tion of this programme, it is enough to recal to memory the progress effected between the middle ages and the re formation, and between the reformation and the French revolution. The ideal is now before us, and nowhere will its light shine more brilliantly than in this free country in this " Rome of the mind" as Geneva was yesterday called by the modest hero, the living incarnation of the democracy, General Garibaldi. (Great and prolonged ap plause.) We do not forget what we owe to the neutrality of Switzerland, but at the same time we must not lose sight of the fact that without action words are but feeble arms. We should therefore propagate by every means in our power the ideas which we maintain. M. Acoollas, of Paris, then addressed the congress. He insisted at greater length than the president on the prin ciple of the combination of the democracies and the ne cessity of marching together to the conquest of justice and liberty. The destruction of the papacy, which was to crown the work of Garibaldi, should be amongst the first of these conquests. Two ►ddresses from the working men of Geneva and the International Working Men's Congress of Lausanne were read—the one by M. Perron and the other by)L Guillaume. The latter insisted on a more equitable distribution of the products of labour as the moat solid guarantee of peace. The programme of questions submitted for discussion by the committee gave rise to a somewhat stormy scene. M. Schmidlin, of Bale, said—We thank the gentlemen who h►ve taken the initiative of this assembly. We desire peace, and we are labouring in its cause, but by pacific and legal means. We make this reservation in the first instance in the interest of Switzerland. Our confederation Is small and weak, and we cannot export that our rights will be respected if we do not respect the rights of other states. We cannot, therefore, support anything that shows a hostile tendency againstothergovernmenta. (Applause.) We make this reservation, in the nomad place, in the interests of peace itself. International ethics are based on the same principle as private morals. Every aggression necessarily brings about reprisal. It is not for us to change the ins►i tutions of other nations. It is the right and duty of the people of those nations to redress what they deem wrong and an obstacle to their freedom. People have always more or lass the government which they deserve. (This speech raised oonaidersble tumult, and it was put to the vote whether M. Sahruidlin should not be called to order. It was decided that he should be allowed to pro ceed.) Schmidlin proceeded to observe that cru sades on behalf of liberty were often campaigns of conquest, massacre, and oppression. The invasion of Switzerland by the French republic in 1798, the recant invasion of Denmark by the troops of the German Confederation, proved that neither the republican nor the federal form of government was sufficient to banish war from the world. He pointed to the example of Eng land, where the doctrine of non-intervention had become popular owing to the pacific teaching of Cobden. M. Schmidlin was followed by M, J. Fary, who remarked that legal means were not always the best, and that Switzerland did not enjoy perfect tranquillity till after her revolutions. He did not participate in the views of the obligations which the last speaker said were imposed on Switzerlandby her neutrality. He thought, however, th►t it would be for the advantage of the Congress if it re. striated the programme, and did not discuss general principles upon which they were all agreed. M. Albert Ferme, of Paris, rushed to the tribune and demanded the removal of the Imperial flag, that emblem of despotism, which defaced by its pre sence the Hall of Liberty. This proposal caused renewed excitement. M. Clamsgeran remarked that the imperial flag was still the flag of France, and on this ground ought to be respected. Having at last decided on the question to be discussed, General Garibaldi rose in the midst of vociferous cheer ing and said :—I should not have risen to spe►k, citizens, if I did not feel somewhat constrained to reply to some of the speeches which have been delivered here. The speakers will pardon me if I dissent from some of their opinions. I may boast of loving Switzerland as a Swiss. The principles which bear sway in Switzerland are those which are dear to me, and which I have always upheld. I feel here as if I were in my own country. Far from me the idea of compromising the neutrality of Switzerland. Still I cannot approve of that somewhat grovelling and somewhat selfish prudence which will risk nothing in order to comfort the woes of others. We do not wish to overthrow monarchies in order to found republics, but we wish to destroy despo- tism in order to raise upon its ruins liberty and justice. Despotism is a lie, and a lie must always be odious even to those who have not directly experienced its effects on their lives or their interests. The only remedy which I know of against despotism is the universal brotherhood I of free people. The General submitted to the Congress i a programme in which he advocated the creation of a general and permanent assembly in which all nations should be represented to judge and decide upon all national controversies ; the abolition of the papacy as the moat pernicious of seats ; the founding of religion of God—that was to ray, the religion of truth and reason on earth and a priesthood of genius and intellect instead of a priesthood of ignorance and revelati ou . Moral propagandism and the spread of education, and war in the only case in which war is lawful—tits defence of the weak and the oppressed against tyrants — were th e WADS by which these objects were to be accomplished. The thanks of the maembly were voted to the General, and on the motion of M. Barad, the honorary presidency of the day was conferred upon him. Es visited the Yob* General Boma on Tuesday, and after a farewell &Urea on the lame evening, he left on Um following morning for Italy. GARIBALDI IN ORVIETO. The Italian paper La Reforma gives the follow. lag report of a scene which took place before the Hotel di g Beaux Arta in Orvieto : " Garib►ldi addreiwing the crowd from one of the win dows said :—' I cherish a grateful recollection of this d eer people. I have had occasion to tee them in times of more difficulty than the present—times of peril and of fear. / have seen them, when certain Jesuits would have shut the gates against us, insist upon their rights, and affording an asylum to the wreck of liberty—the defenders of Rome. (Cries of " Rome or Death.") No, it is no longer Rome or Death ;it is " Rom e and Life." Our enemies are not only the priests; our chief enemy is the French Emperor. Who prevents us from goiog to Rome ? The priests No. Who then The French Emperor. (Cries of "Death to the Emperor," "Death to Bonaparte) Don't confound the nation with Bonaparte. The nation is gnat and generous ; the nation is with us ; all nations are sisters. Now I tell you there is no Italy without Rome. (Cries of "To Rome, to Rome.") We are told there axe 40,000 there. If we make a new appeal we shall not he 40,000 but one million, and united with a brave army lie shall accomplish our redemption. (Frenzied applatua) Many of us are accustomed to the fire of battle, but we shall not bestow the honour of the bayonet on Me. cenaries and priests. We shall bundle them out with the butt ends of our guns. (Cries of " Out with the Priests ;• " Death to the Priests.") Then people have completed the degradation of the noblest people on earth. (" True, true.") International right permits the Romans to revolt. It allows them to rise out of the mud into which the Jesuits have flung them.' " ACCIDENT TO THE PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAMSHIP SURAT. The Peninsular and Oriental Company have re ceived information that the Stunt, having on board the mails and passengers for India, China, and Australis, which left Suez on the 4th inst., ,grounded on a reef about 90 miles from that port, at 2 a.m. on the sth, Operations are in progress for lightening the ship, sight the meantime the mails and passengers have been treas. (erred to the Nubia, which vessel was to have left Suez at midnight yesterday. WEATHER RIPOKT.-(THIS DAY.) THCLIDAY, 3IPTIXIER 12. 3 3.11 L i is. T. l W. I_l Nara 29.7166 N.W. Aberdeen 29.73 66 B.X Leith 39.6260 X Ardroessn 9.64 80 XB.lB. Greencastle 9.6169 L Valenti& 9.6666 N.W. Rorhe's Point lAN 64 W. Uverpoot 29.6663 & 20.6860 8.8.11. Penance 29.74 03 W. Brest lO.BO 61 &W. Lorlent Rochefort— 9.9366 N.K Plymouth 9.7661 W.S.W. Weymouth 29.80 62 W.B. W. Portsmouth 26.7963 SW. London 29.78 64 B.W. Yarmouth 9.8363 8. ice/borough 9.7360 8. 3hlel6i 9.7269 X. fielder — R6MARKS. The diminution of atmospherical pressure, accompanied by aii Increase in temperature, began yesterday in the southdres4 el Ireland. A pale has dace passed over that region from Ih north-weet, and the fall of rain there has been very great—we than an Inch at Talent's. strong south-easterly winds bare blown at the entrance of the English Channel this morning the winds there are south-westerly. Atmospherical pressure is nes siderabiy leas too. the British Islay: twin - yen Holyhead al fireencastle is abollt the area of least pressure. Winds are lilt at Bachelor' and Nairn. Last night the Amalgamated Society of Engineers at Han resolved not to accede to the proposed reduction ci their wages. A letter from Biarritz lays :—" Biarritz from the beginning of the season has been thronged with Spaniards, some involuntary, some voluntary emigrants—persons who are either debarred from returning to Spain without the express permission of the stern marshal who once man rules that country with • rod of iron ; or these who, if not forcibly driven from it, deem it more pre. dent to keep for the present out of harm's way. The military are numerous ; two or three field marshals, 14 or l 5 gener►ls, colonels by dozens, with a handsome amount of ca-ministers and ex-diplomatists. Marshal O'Donnell, Duke of Tetuan, occupies ► commanding pad tion so far as his house is concerned, it being situate on la eminence a little outside the town, on the terrace of which he may be seen any morning inhaling the breeze fern the glorious ocean spread out before Lim." A party of American tourists had an interview with the Czar on the 26th ult., and presented an addres him. Nothing, it is said, could exceed the hearty sad frequent expressions of welcome to the party as ArneriCia citizens by the Emperor, Empress, and their officers is attendance. With reference to the statement in the Lihati that the Sultan has granted the English government per mission to enlist volunteers in Arabia for the Abyearaiss Expedition, the Times is authorised to say th►t no sad permission has been applied for by her Majesty's goverr ment. The crime of infanticide is increasing in France; and on this recount the juries who are called upon u deal with these offences have recently found their verdicts unaccompanied with any allusion to mitigating circus. stances. Thus at the assizes of the Gironde a you: woman of 25 bas been condemned to five years' in' prisonment with hard labour for throwing her new•bou infant into the river ; and another woman has been es' traced to eight years' penal servitude at Strasburg in disposing of her child down r water-closet. At the asaims of Sabne-et•Loire a girl of 18 was committed to prison wail hard labour for seven years for burying her shill alive. Yesterday afternoon the coroner's inquest Vi held at Peak Forest, on the body of the little girl who killed on the Midland line on Monday evening. The girl' man at Peak Forest admitted having made a move of td telegraph needle, which would practically contain • 10 01 of " line clear," although that was not hie intention. TW really led to the collision in the tunnel. The JUT allowing for the man', proved inexperience, returned eve diet of " Accidental death," and expressed the opine that he had been appointed without sufficient trdnild for hie duty. The inquest on the persons killed at Ner Mills by the second collision, which resulted from the fird one, will probably (whatever may be the result) turn nps the same evidence of the conduct of the signalman at Pik Forest. A Kuswicu POSTMASTER AND HIS DUTIV.-- When we had a mail-coach three times a week, it tool three days and two nights continuous travelling to get It/ to London, and a letter from London cost thirteenrieno Consequently, letters were comparatively rare event', ssi in manner public property Mall concerned and unenneevesi Mrs. Mailsetter was no fiction. A beloved brother of ell had fallen into an evil case on the Continent, whither kt had gone during the Polish rising of 'JO. He had tee taken by the Russians, thrown into prison, sent to work ° a sand island in the Vistula, and otherwiesevilly entreat( and we had not any tidings of him for veryminy month my father being ignorant whether he was alive or d One day, when a younger brother went to the pot for letters, as usual (there was no house-to-house deli , there is now), the postmaster, banding him a lette our long-lost beloved, gave with it an abstract of it tents. He had recognised the handwriting, end bei tended in the fate of one who was confessed)y' the sourest and bravest youth in the county, he had read the hiatory, and before we up at the Vicarage what happened, half the town bad heard the neva IC° unfriendly notice was taken by my father of this Tidbi t strong case. It was accepted for what it was meant to 1: 4 01 an act of stamina interest in the fate of • ' one o' nor so and it was charitably presumed that the seal nicht lao oome asunder of itself.—Tinsiey's Magazine for 9, Umber. ,ten - ies ddrese te arty sad t of k. maims as fteers is g Lihera he tent per th no seek st wets. Francs; a I Urn It verdicts circus• a rag th. do ars' it, sew•bon been sse on burg fe Pis ws s saws son Witt Pal lest sett Rt 4 who WS Re be 10 4 ' at o of tki bee sigsol in. It , " a the he OTT. tea re try o rinits Bt. triinit4 Bat at Nei 84 the frit urn rapes At a t Year wit oat it took 0 get If enpenst to la etll ileetS 4 r dsee itber em • e 110 t ss he itrested; sp. :tondo - e or 'test t for tbo liven' a s • ter frils its ea' new* he hod' sea 1 pied/ ron ge UIP 9I is TO W t to NI e , o r sin; Al low ta4 for Sir f