The Express. — London, England, 1846-10-06 00:00:00

NEw nt.r.lay PERMOIC.tI, OE MUSIC. MUSIC BOOK, Price Sixpence, Printed frOm Envaved Plates, on l'aper the naual 3lusie size, cont. mencvd on Baturday, the 3rd of October. The high price at which Original Music b. usually void, places it out of the feast of many who would otherwise gladly purchase it; and it is therefore thought that an attempt to bring the Warns of the moat Eminxit Co.nposers within a more reasonable coot, will be favour Ibly rcvci.ai by the Public. With this view it is intended to publish. under the title of THE MUSIC B OOK, Original Songs, and other Compac own by Eminent Comp o sers, Native and lorei t gu, Engraved and Printed in the best manner. in the owed Mimic woe. and sold for Sixpence • thus combining the greatest excellence of comPosalon and elegance of appearance with the lowest possible price. In proof of their intentions, the Prorri-toes arc able to men tion the names of Mrs. h Beckett, M. W. Italfe, Benedict, Edward Loder, Alex - /vier Lee, F. G. Reel, J. H. Tully, Vincentibute Wallace to , who, with other pcoular Composers, have already contrd THE MUSIC BOOK. _ . MODE OP PVIIIIICATMN. THE MUSIC BOOK will be a Weekly PublicaCon--3 Number pub lished every Saturday. Each Number will contain an Origim, 3luwie nal Song, Engraved and Printed in the bea manner, and in th^ tra horn the size. The word, will be original or select ed (by permiwnon) Works of the MOM Popular Writers. Each Number will be enchant In an Ve2a. nt Wrapper (diwigned by Doyle), and the prise will be Sixpence. A Port will be published on the lit of November, and on the Ist of every amending month, containing four or Rye Songs, pricy 2.. or 2s. rid. instrumental and Sacred Minna will also be published. but at longer intervals, and forming separate aeries. The Work will be sold by at Booksellers, Newsmen, and Dealers in Peri odical., to whom orders should be immediately given. The First Number of THE MUSIC ISOOK was published on Saturday, 3rd of October. It consiats of a New g ;Son be Balfe the Composer of the " Bohemian Girl," Re.), entitled " iic, Maiden, Sing ; ' the Went. selected by permission) iron the Works of Barry Cornwall. The following Seep will be pubLialied in October : No. 11.—The Ede Friend. Words by Thomas Hood. Music by Vincent Wallace, composer of "Maritana," Re. No. 111. —The Song of the Seasons. Words by Barry Cornwall. Music be J. H. Tilly. No. I i". —My Home most be where'er thou art. Word+ by Mark Agnes Sorti" Lemon. Mule be Mrs. G. llnkett, composer of " "lied Riding I lood," ace. beNo. V.—ln a drearmightea Deeemr. W " ords by Ends. Music by Edward Loiter, composer of " Nourjahad,Re. London: publi-hed at the O ffi ce of "The Nude Bonk , " No. I, St. Bride's-avenue, fleet-street (leading to St. Bride's Church), and mid by all Bookaellerw. Newsmen, and Dealer" In Periodicals, who will regularly supply the Work, and to whom orders should be immediately given. NEW WORK BY 1102. Just published (to be completed in 20 Monthly Parts, uniform with Martin Chumilewit." &e.), price lc, the First Number of DEALINGS WITH THE FIRM OF DOMBEY AND SON, Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation. BY CHARLES DICKENS. With Illustrations by HARLOT K. BROWNE. Loudon: Bradbury and Evans, Whitcfriars. MR. DICKENS'S NEW WORK. DEALINGS with the FIRM of DOMBEY and SON.—Country Booksellers may be supplied with PRORPEC. TUSES of the shore Publieition, by applying to their respective London Agents. Whitetriars, September 12, 1446. FOR TRAVELLERS ON TILE CONTLVENT. Now in leap. Bvo., price Cs., PICTURES from ITALY. By CHARLES DICKENS. Crorrr-sy..—Paris to Chalons—Lyons, the Rhone, and the Goblin of Avign —Avignon to Oenw.—Oenoti and its Neighbourhood —Parma, Modena, and Liologni—Ferran—Verona, Mantua, Milan, and the Simplon—Rome, Naples, and Florence. London: }Sudbury and EMU, Whiteniars. And kublishcil, price Is., eottio?sly illustrated by 1.1:194_ No. IT. of E COMIC HISTORY of ENGLAND. By Otiosity Assorr lißect err. Xs Work is published in Moethly Parts, Illustrated by JOHN Liven, with one large Etching, and from nix to Twelve Wood Engravings. It will comprise front Twelve to Twenty Parts, and will anima: regularly with the Monthly Matra4nes until its completion. London : Publight.l at the " Punch!' °lke, 11,. Feet....trvot. Att Vrarregg+ MAILS. The mails for Corona, Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and 'Jibesltar, will be mote up on Oe 7th October. The overLinil cloned maibi, via .Vnrseilles, to the 3fediterranean, Egypt, Aden, Csalon, India, Hong-Kong, Ste., will be mode up on the evening of the 7th October. The West India maim, excluding thaw for Mexico, Ilonduras, and Havana, will be made up on the morningof the 17th October. The mail* for Cantata North America, and the Coated States, will be made up on the evening of the 17th October. Tte, overlowl malla for Gibraltar, Malta, Greer*, the lonian Nandi% Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, India, along-Kong. and China, via Southampton, will be made up on the morning of the 20th October. The mail, for Ncw South Wales, Van Dieman's Land, will be made up on the 31st October. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot notice, in any limy, any emnmunication that la sent to 11, Ifionlinou4lY but thaw who chow to adaresa Ult in confidence 'A ill find their conn•lrnee respected. NEMIERCAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ASV MANUSCRIPTS WHATEVER. a; Advertisement+ intended for The Express must be at the Office by Two u'obick on the day of publication. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAT. Morning, IR min. pest 2; Afternoon, 42 min. milt 2. TO.MUICIWW.—Mi. , :ning, 2 min. pest 2; Afternoon, 23 min. post 3. LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 6. TuE Repeal Association has put forth an address urging on tire people of Ireland the duties of " patietws and peace, avoidance of crirne,confidence in Almighty God, and resignation to his holy will." The Associa tion is bound to exert what authority it possesses for the repression of all disposition to outrage and riot. We trust that this address may work, with the exer tions of the clergy, the strenuous relief efforts, the military precautions of the government, the con cessions of the landlords, and the exhortations of the press, to prevent any recurrence of such scenes as those of Dungarvan. An attempt is in progress to procure from Govern ment advances in aid of those Irish railway companies which can offer satisfactory security for such loans. A meeting fur the purpose of forwarding this scheme, was held at Dublin on Friday last, the Lord Mayor in the chair. The speakers urged the obvious arguments in favour of the proposed advances. But they were very seasonably reminded, by a Mr. SMITH, that it was very improbable that government would make any such advances as were required without the authority of parliament, and that a delay of many months, probably, would inter vene before such grants could be made, even if the demand w, re complied with. In the mean time, Mr. SMITH pointed out how the baronial sessions might be made available, in many cases, for a similar purpose, by presenting such railway works as came under the provisions of the act, instead of ordinary roads. This scheme might be carried out within three weeks or a month. Mr. SMITH'S suggestion was not opposed, nor his reasons combated, by any one prescat. But it was intimated to him that his proposal could not be adopted without embarrassing the proceedings. It was accordingly not pressed by its originator, although decidedly the most business like proposition submitted to the meeting. Presentments have been made of the earth work of some railways already, and we believe (though not quite so confidently) that in one instance they have been commenced. This illustrates what we have already insisted on, that the public works, under the Labour Rate Act, are by no means necessarily confined to roads. All works of a public character, as opposed to those which in their primary and direct effect benefit private properties, may be presented to the Board of Works under that statute. We have pointed out those of public sewer age, and drainage improvements ; repairs of chapels, infirmaries, barracks, and other public buildings. Such cases occur in yesterday's report for Fermoy, where 6001. was allowed for building a Roman Catho lic chapel ; and for Clare, where (at Drumcliff) 3,000!. was voted for furnishing a similar edifice, and 308/. for a wall round it, only three magistrates dissenting. At the same sessions, Mr. FITZGERALD moved the appropriation of 16,000!. for the embanking the Ennis and Limerick railway through the baronies of Islands and Bunratty. The sum was voted unanimously. It remains to be seen if it will be confirmed by the Board of Works. That body has been dealing with the presentments in a style calculated to allay the fears inspired by their large amounts, u compared with the rentals of the districts, which they in many cases actually doubled. Thus they have cut down an outlay of 32,2331., voted by one division of the barony of Carbery, to 7,223/. In another case 33,880/. was voted by the sessions, but the Board ratified only 3,380/. These cases illustrate strikingly that recklessness which is commonly, and too often justly, attributed to the Irish landholder. The same improvidence with which he runs into debt for means of self-indulgence, is shown in contracting obligations for the relief of others. This very extravagance makes us somewhat of the clamour against the Labour Rate Act. reproductive works have been found, if, accepting every scheme presented, the magistrates and eess-payers had exercised their duty selection, and spared the Board of Works the )le of these wholesale reductions ? The super ; labour they might have obtained employment ith the aid of advances under the Drainage Act ; . have worked the two measures together, instead attempting to swamp both by confounding their and provisions. Great complaints are made low wages paid on the public works. The obvious remedy is to put the men on task-work ; pre viously ascertaining the expense of a labourer's main tenance as a minimum, and the fair,mount of an average day's work. Yet the accounts frr,m quarters where this fair and unobjectionable method has been tried afford but little encouragement, if Government were to be deterred by disappointmet.it at the threshhold. Thus the labourers employed ;.it the drainage of the Owna buy River, in the district of Ballinhassig, county Cork, struck work because they were paid not by the day, but by task. At the rate assigned, it is asserted that they would very shortly have been earning is. 6d. per day, when they had overcome their prejudices sufficiently to use the tools provided for them. Those who refused to join in the strike, and continued at work, were declared by Mr. MOLONY, a magietra'e, to be earning from 14d. to lid. a-day. On the representation of the priest to the officers of the works, arrangements were made for the return of the misguided people to their labour. There is the same species of irrationality in such proceedings as was shown last. year, when workmen left the great Shannon works, and ls. 6d. to la. Bd. a-day wages, to work on the public works at Is. The only person, apparently, to deal with these extraordi nary men, is their priest. He understands them, and they have confidence in him. With the ignorance of savages as to the nature and rela tions to themselves of a Government, and much of duplicity of serfs, they have a large element of affec tionate docility which renders them, even in this trying time of starvation, tractable to the priest, always their best, often their only friend. It is well that the present Government possesses so much of the confidence of this most important body. Without their aid, the work of relief, so trying now, must have been well-nigh hopeless. A deputation of landlords, as suggested by Mr. O'CoxsELL, is to meet in Dublin. We agree with Lord LUCAS that the meeting can serve no useful per peso. The landlord's post just now is on his property. Each district has its own distress, and its own means of meeting it. In marshalling these, is the land owner's best present employment and paramount duty. Those on whom the burden of relief falls, require all the strength and aid that the presence of the landed gentry alone can give. If, while their tenantry are starving, these gentlemen are fomenting their private, or even their class grievances in Dublin, they may look for a more hopeless sea of difficulties to beset them on their return to their estates. If they are wise, they will not leave the latter. They will find ample employment in co-operating with the public authorities where works are to be carried on under the Labour-rate Act, or in organising the industry of the peasantry on their own land, where a surplus of unemployed labour may be left. The drainage of Ballyteigne Lough, in Wexford, is to be commenced at once, on condition that one fortieth of the land reclaimed be allotted to the Crown. The ready assent of the Admiralty and Woods and Forests to this great operation will, we hope, show that there is no such irrational pre ference as has been attributed to Govern ment, of unproductive over reproductive works, when these latter are of a public nature. In the few cases where no such works can be found, we have no doubt that on proper and certified com munication of the fact, arrangements would be acceded to for employing labour on the land, under stringent conditions. We cannot help thinking that by a little salutary straining, the terms of the Labour rate Act might be made to cover such cases. Any latitude of interpretation, at all consistent with honest construction, should be allowed, rather than money be expended in a really unproductive way. At the same time it is perfectly clear that nothing like proper precaution is employed in the selection of presentment works. All the official aid that the executive can command, must be called in, to make certain that there is a positive want of scope for remunerative public works, before labour is thrown into channels which, while they certainly diffuse plenty among the peasantry, and enrich the country at large, do vet, in their permanent effect, deposit more than a clue proportion of their golden sand in the pocket of the proprietor. That they do this, how ever, is by no means a conclusive argument in all cases against such an employment of government ad vances. It should only operate to postpone such ap plications of them, tyeteris pm-Thus, to those on works whose ultimate as well as immediate benefits, instead of being confined to individuals, are diffused through ' oat communities. WE have received a letter from a Native of Schles wig-Holstein, complaining of the view which we have taken of the question of these duchies, denying some of the facts alleged, and stating the grievances of the Holsteiners. The writer asserts that the Zoll verein or its interests have not excited the people of the duchies to shake off the Danish yoke, but that the provocations of the Danes have alone produced this feeling; there existing at Copenhagen a kind of pro paganda for extending the Danish language, spirit, and nationality over the kingdom. The writer then enumerates the particular grievances of the Holstein ers. One was the attempt to assimilate the coin in all the provinces of Denmark, and to make Danish money a legal tender in Schleswig and Holstein. Such an arrangement was peculiarly annoying to the Holsteiners, whose whole trade was carried on with Hamburg and with Lubeck, who strenu ously resisted the introduction of Danish coin. The suppression of the military school in Schleswig; the giving of commissions in the Force of the duchies to Danes ; and the almost exclusive filling of places in the navy by Danes ; were the sore to the native pride of the Holsteiners. When to this were added the establishment of a professorship of the Danish _ _ language at Kid, the publication of Danish books, and establishment of circulating libraries by the Danish propaganda, the llolsteincrs could no longer resist the fear that their German nationality was menaced. And this sentiment, not the incitement of either the Zollverein or of German professors, has led to the resistance of the duchies against the Danes and their king. Such is the substance of our remonstrant's let ter, of which no doubt several of the grounds and grievances are just. With others, we cannot sym pathise. There exists in Denmark, as now in almost every country in Europe, an ardent worship of old nationality : evinced in the cultivation of the national tongue, and the exhuming of its old literature, his tory, and renown. No doubt this antiquarian and pedantic mania may be perverted, and even swell into a little tyranny ; but it is not one of those grave causes which justify rebellion. Universities in these countries are generally the schools of officials, and it is very proper that the officials of a kingdom should speak its two languages. We therefore highly approve of professorships of the Danish tongue. In the struggle of the two languages the Danish dialect may be obliterated, owing to the insignificance of its population ; the German cannot. When people speaking the wide-spread German tongue express their fear of the Danish, we must say it sem ewhat reminds us of the complaints made by the wolf against the lamb. Then comes the money grievance, which is, after all, a small one, and by no means a sufficient cause for raising the standard of separation and rebellion, and breaking up an old monarchy that has existed for centuries. The Irish have nearly the same com plaints against the English as the Holsteiners against the Danes, exeept that these complaints have ten times greater force and gravity on the part of the Irish. The Irish have lost what the llolsteiners are in no danger of losing; their nationality and tongue ; and they have suffered all the disadvantages which infallibly befall the province which, by the fortune of arms, or feudal arrangements, or natural position, be comes attached to a more important province with a befitting capital. But has Ireland bettered herself THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1846. by rebellion P Would she have bettered herself by a successful straggle for separation? And is she not ins far better path, now that by peaceable means she is conquering, and will possess, equal rights ? But the question is one thing, ea .eriginated.with the Holsteiners themselves, who have but petty griewinces to allege, anti eery small provincial jea lousy to stir them ;—it is another, when taken up by the Germans themselves, from motives of terri torial, or commercial, or political aggrandisement. Our remonstrant declares that the Zollverein, or anything connected with German interests, has nothing to do with Holstein's discontent ; and that even German professors have not fanned it with their learning. We beg, upon this point, to differ alto gether with the native of Schleswig-Holstein, and to maintain our own opinion as correct. The addresses of the Germans, and the replies of their sovereigns, are all calculated to stir up the Holsteincrs against the King of DENMARK. There is not a despot in Ger many who does not think it fitting to earn popularity, and succeed in obtaining it, by a fling at Denmark. Now really, before the Germans should be so greedy and desirous to drag Schleswig and Holstein into their community, they ought first to consider what is the nature of their dtsta condition and go vernment. It is that of the most unmitigated despotism : without freedom of the press, freedom of the person, constitutional guarantees, or an attribute of political civilisation. Other countries may improve, may reform, may progress. But no portion of Germany can: for if any one member of the German Confederation should make so bold as to establish a free constitution and a free press, his bro ther despots and the German Diet would denounce him, would extinguish his liberal efforts, and would pro bably occupy his territories by a contingent. Were a liberal king to succeed to the throne of Denmark, he might give a truly representative government to Jut land and to Schleswig ; but if Schleswig is to be German, he durst not; for Schleswig would be linked with that dead body called the German Confedera tion, in which armed despots sit, and into any part of which they forbid any FRANKENSTEIN to infuse one spark of life. When the Germans, therefore, invite Schleswig and Holstein to belong to them, they are like the prisoner who invites another to share his straw and fetters. Professor DAHLMAN is a leader of the Holstein- Schleswig resistance. Suppose he succeeded, and tore away these duchies from Denmark and gave them to Germany ;--they would no doubt fall under a regime similar to the neighbouring provinces of Ger many ; Hanover, for example, where they touch. What a gain were here ! to be transferred from CHRISTIAN THE EIGHTH, an enlightened sovereign, friend of the arts and of literature, and no enemy of freedom, to King ERNEST OF HA.NOVER, who abolished her constitution, gagged her press, and kicked her professors, M. DAIILMAN amongst others, out of Gottingen. The idea of the inhabitants and natives of such a country as Hanover inviting other countries to join their confederation, is a capital joke. That professors who could not defend their own liberties and rights in Hanover, should undertake a crusade, not against King ERNEST, but against the King of DENMARK, is a piece of prepos terous pedantry which deserves the scourge—at least of satire. We wrote and published our opinions on the ques tion long before we met and perused M. Tnonss's able article on the subject in the Rerue des Deer Mmdes. M. THOMAS has evidently studied the subject profoundly, and consulted every testimony. We are glad to find that we agree in every tittle with that impartial and enlightened French man. We join with him in the admission of certain grievances on the part of the Holateiners, which they have a right to see remedied; but also in the opinion that the independence of the Baltic, and of the Scandinavian countries, demands that the ancient monarchy of Denmark should be kept entire. Germany has aided to dismember Poland, by its kings grasping Posen and Galicia. Let it not add to that crime by the dismemberment of Denmark ; its integrity is more important than the German a»mer-propre of the inhabitants of Kiel. We cannot close without referring to the ad dress of Count NloLe e the other day, on opening the new government of Schleswig-Holstein, in which he fully states the principles of his government. These are, to respect the independence of the duchies, as far as compatible with their allegiance to the King. He hints that the only guarantee of keeping Schleswig and Holstein together is precisely that of their alle giance to the same sovereign. He admits the double nationality of Schleswig; sonic of the parishes and schools of which are Danish, some German. But to respect both equally, he declares to be the duty of every functionary, and the order of the King. PROMISING mines of copper, and more recently of gold, h tying been opened in South Australia, a reserved claim of royalty in these ar.d all other minerals has been made in the name of the late Government, after the laudable fashion of the middle ages, and of Spain in the beginniag of the 16th centgry. The claim is at once extravagant and mischievous. In naked terms, it is the imposition by Government of a heavy tax on enterprise, and the demand of a share of the profits of a capital which is not its own. The claim of a seig,norage in Europe is an affair of barbarous firms. This kind of property in the crown was the creature of violence and confiscation. It could have had no other origin, for this plain reason, that, had the claim been coeval with the enterprise, the property on which it was founded never would have come into existence. With such a drag on it, it could never have been established in those rude times. Royalty in mines, in our day, is a claim utterly inconsistent with good government and justice. If the Government persist in making it in South Australia, mining industry will either dwindle or perish. The injustice by which it suffers will, at the same time, be quite sure to be defeated, and when defeated ex posed. We will venture to predict, that all that any Government could ever get by such proposed extortion, would not pay the cost of the paper required in contesting its supposed right. The scheme is, in a word, a very effective one as a barrier to prosperity, and as a means of embroiling the Colonial-office with the colony, and keeping both in hot water pemling its duration ; but assuredly effective for no good purpose. It is very curious to observe that, in the case of the gold mine especially, the Government that makes this perpetual claim for royalty, had already received in ready money a most extravagant price for the land-sl. Bs. per acre, which is twenty-seven-fold the price of the best government land in the United States. It is hardly necessary to add that the resuscitation of a seignorage question for a British Colony in the middle of the nineteenth century, originated in the cinquecento soul of Lord STAN LET; a man who, as a statesman, had better not have been born after the sixteenth century. His successor, a lord of a different stamp, will, we hope and believe, set this matter right, and abate the nuisance. . - ram t,..st they were for loag Most mmmislog, btl ikri V tate gone intedy. know another excellent who t o , h t i _a ve acres to any man who won't' ralss them and elear the bull. In the high, evrantry, where last year the kw was tailing, they are this year es bad as In the low 'moan). _The oats, however, in the high country are very good, but the breadth of land scant on these dis tricts is comparatively so Inconsiderable, that this can have no per ceptilde effect In obeli, it is my confident belief that tr,t for the last twenty years, taking into account the breadth of land under cultivation, has there been as small an _aggreK to yield of a;zriasiltural produce. No doubt wages are Woh, especially of masons, carpenter% and all oat-door labourers generally, from the enormous railway expenditure, and erection of furnace.% houses foe Iron workers, fu . There are other classes of labourers how ever whew wages have not been raised in proportion to the increase of the priori of provisions, who will suffer severely horn the height they may attain without a large foreign supply; and if cotton keeps up weavers and all dependent on working up this great staple must be in great difficulties." The following communication from a gentleman whose business compels him to watch narrowly the flow and ebb of prosperity in his district, is interest ing. We would invite attention particularly to the last sentence. It relates to the county of Ayr, in Scotland : Having, as Ls my general custom, inquired of our moat Intelli gent farmers respecting the probable yield of agricultural produce of every kind, I believe the conclusions I have arrived at will be found sear the truth. The result, on the whole, is sufficiently alarming; and unless large supplies can be obtained from America, prices must rise enormously ; for I do not believe we have of grain crops within one quarter of an average. The turnips are the worst crop for many years; the beans very &ficient, and the potatoes a total failure. All may not have the disease, or be rotten; but such a thing as a ripe potato is not to be seen. I have given them up entirely, for when boiled, they are merely a yellow solid lump, that must be most unwhole some. But even in that state the quantity is trifling. One farmer, who has a fine farm, told me he had twenty-four acres, and that front what he had already raised, there was not one in ten mot dimwit!; and I believe this to be generally the case. Ilia seed potatoes were beauti ful, hating got them from Isla, where there was tau year no die. and t any This last observation is a particular application of the general remarks ws yesterday offered, on the possible consequences of the continued high price of cotton. These consequences will not be felt in the manufacturing districts alone. The hand-loom wea vers, employed by houses in the great manufacturing towns, area numerous class in the agricultural districts. Even in the best of times, the unequal struggle they continue to wage against the power-looms, keeps them constantly on the brink of destitution ; and they are, to skilled artisans in general, what the poor Irish agricultural labourers are to the better fed farm servants of a rich and highly cultivated district. Any check given to the cotton manu- ' facture will send the whole of this suffering class to swell the aggregate of the year's destitution. Such an event would render the condition of Down, Antrim, Londonderry, and Armagh, and of the Western Highlands of Scotland, worse than it is ; would create a large amount of destitution in the districts of Scotland yet untouched by scarcity ; and I would be severely felt in many districts of England. This is a contingency, the possibility of which ought not to be overlooked amid our care for the already suffering districts. It is mainly the employment upon railways, and upon the trades and manufac tures called into activity by the construction of railways, that keeps up the rate of wages at present. But the progress of railways—a medium of traffic—must be dependent on the prosperity of the general trade of the cluntry. In the cotton districts the high price of food at home and abroad has checked demand. In Yorkshire most staple articles of our woollen manufacture declined in price during last month. In making provision for the distressed districts, the possible calls upon us nearer home before next har vest ought not to be forgotten. Our best prospect is in the near approach of the period when the new American Tariff comes into operation. The Americans are in a condition to take largely from us, since we have imported and are importing largely of their produce. Their manufacturers must have realised large profits under their protecting system, for already we hear the prices of Lowell-mills cotton goods have fallen 15 per cent. This fact alone is a tolerable guarantee for a permanent and to both countries profitable exchange of the manufactures of England for the bread-stuffs of America. If this traffic had not been thrown open, what would have been our prospects at this moment ? Our Paris correspondence, and the journals of Sun day, have reached us by express. Criminal informations had been laid against the rioters apprehended in the Faubourg St. Antoine, 60 in number. The Debars, in an article on the subject, endeavours to show that France is noways exposed to a failure in the crops. It propounds the singular theory, " that what took place at the doors of certain bakers proves nothing;" and that the disturbances were not caused by ant- deficiency in the supplies. The fact of the rise of the price of bread shows clearly, however, that such a deficiency does exist ; and there is no other cause to which the riots can be attributed. The same journal characterises the article of M. dc Lamartinc (which will be found in another part of our columns) as a mixture of excellent ideas and great blunders. Government has just prescribed a new mode of taking the average prices of flour sold in the Paris market, to prevent the frauds so loudly complained of, and which consisted in making fictitious wiles of the same lot at different times. This will be pre vented in future. . The affair of the marriage is pretty nearly worn out by the Paris press, and we do not find that an answer has as yet been returned by M. Guizot to the note of Lord Normanby. All Carlist refu7ee, s now on the frontiers of France have been ()nitre(' into the interior of the departments, there to be subjected to a most rigid surveillance. Notwithstanding the engagements lately entered into by the French administration, the English mail continues to be delivered very late in Pans,—later by at least four hours than before the establishment of the Northern Railway. Some appointments and promotions have just taken place in ttie French consulates. M. Pechon, Consul- General at Monte Video, goes to Smyrna; M. le Comte de Raty Menton is appointed Consul at Calcutta. The Infant Don Juan Maria, son of Don Carlos, born March 13, 1822, will, it now seems arranged, marry the Arch-Duchess Marie Beatrix D'Este, born February 13, 1824. The D'Este family is one of the richest in Europe. The I)ukes Martian and Ferdi nand D'Este, uncles of the young Arch-Duchess, have between them a fortune of a hundred millions of florins (ten millions sterling). - - A large party, comprising all the members of the royal family, in Paris, including the voungerbrancbes and the Queen of Belgians, we on 'Friday to visit a part of the fortifications, • favourite resort of King Louis Philippe. The visit lasted three hours. The following is an extract from the article pub lished by M. de Lamar:ine, relative to the corn question in France. After observing that the scarcity of corn is owing to the want of foresight shown by government in not making abundant stores in times of plenty to meet the increased demand in time of famine, the writer goes on to say : " The government has a duty to fulfil, and on this point we differ completely from the opinion of those diplomatic persons who rec mimend tardy and slow remedies for these maladies, the symptoms of which are beginning to manifest themselves in the internal commerce of the country, and as regards the free circulation of corn. That duty is to main tam at every price the inviolability of private transactions between the buyer and seller, the inviolability of home, and the granary of the citizen, the freedom of circulation, the safety and supply of the market. Doubtless we know as well as everybody else, that hungry men are not to be fed with the point of the bayonet ; that there is no appeal of the people more deserving of compassion, of tolerance, we may say, almo-t of respect, than the cries of men, women, and children calling aloud for bread, and be-ceehing that there may not be allowed to be carried away from their districts, their mills, and their suburbs, that corn which they regard as the staple of their existence! But if those loud demands are to be treated with compassion and respect, it is not the leas true that they must be met with energy and promptitude, to show, from the first, that the public force is not to be domineered over by individual outbreaks. To display a general and universal power at once is the means to prevent its being called into action. To protect the whole people against the folly and arbitrary aggressions of a disordesly rabble will not irritate it, but rather reassure it. As long as the law is respected, it is its duty to confine itself to wise and wholesome counsel ; but when it is at tacked by armed force, it is its duty to repel force by force. By defending itself it defends every good citizen. There is no circumstance where a government, no matter what its form, may more legitimately, and with greater benefit, em ploy the defensive weapons placed within its reach by the law, than when the free traffic and circulation of alimentary provision are threatened by sedition, no longer excusable and of the most dangerous nature. This is not a ' question of opinion, of policy, of the ministry, or of the op position ; it is not even a question of property ; it is a vital question of life and death which concerns all, and the people in particular. No corn to be had, no bread for any one, are the immediate consequences of such outbreaks. The stop ping of provisions on the highway, the pillage of a market, popular summons to the farmers not to sell out of the dis trict, to the merchants not to buy ; to carriers and bargemen not to convey, create at once a food panic. The anxious far mer closes his granary doors, the tradesman stops his com merce and does not fulfil his promised engagements ; the canals and highways are in a stem of blockade; the people rush to the market, the market is empty ; the voice of hunger is raised; the panic gives it additional strength, disorders commence, blood flows, corn is kept back the more, and the people die of hunger within reach of abundant pro visions which the panic has kept back. Such is the work of those seditious, originated by hunger, or rather by the fear of it; such are the immediate results of that atrocious federalism of those districts who by armed force endeavour to prohibit the exportation of corn from their communes, and its circulation on the highways. What would those districts say if each neighbouring bailiwick followed the example of so absurd and egotistical a system of blockade, and cast the same interdict on the exportation and circula tion of other articles equally necessary as corn, such as coal, wood, salt, or meat ? What would become of the entire land ? ' A mutual system of blockade would be established, and each district would die of want and in misery for refusing that interchange of the supports of life, the free circulation of which constitutes the lire and the prosperity of all ! I blush to be obliged to reason on such evident matters; but when words suffice not, it is time to act, fur public ivied sense is embodied in the law, and in the power which the Govern ment lends to the law in urgent cases. It is for the exercise of that legal power applied to the suppression of popular outbreaks, that we deplore at the present moment the bad organisation of the national guard, that mutual armed power which only touched the people by the hands of the people themselves." Our Madrid correspondence and papers of the 29th ult. have come to hand. _ _ . --.— A squabble took place in the Senate, of the 28th, between General Jerrano and Senor Pidal, the former accusing the latter of having formerly voted against the Miraflores Ministry, and Fidel replying that it was on an affair of internal management, and not on a political question that he voted against the Miraflores Cabinet When the Senate assembled on the 29th, there was a long debate on the subject of the collection of the taxes by the Government. General Jerrano attacked the Government, and the various questions of the day. The I)ac de Valencia defended the Cabinet and their proceedings, and the debate was then adjourned. El Tiempo remarks : " The interests of Europe and treaties require one thing, and that is that the Crowns of Spain and France never encircle the same brow. The marriage of the Infanta with the Due de Mont pettier ought never to combine them. If, I ereafter, by a complication of circumstances, of which there are but few examples in the history of the world, the case provided for by the treaties should occur, the possessor of the two crowns would be under the necessity of renouncing one of them, and Europe would find, in the treaty of Utrecht, the right of com pelling such a decision. But if there be nothing to fear if the treaties of Utrecht are abolished, the inte rest which dictated them, would suffice to give to the various powers the right of making the principle established by them respected; and the interests and, we will add, the opinions of the free people of our time, whose destinies Europe thus settled, are suffi cient to assure for ever the separation of the two States. Thus Europe would not have to interfere." FRANCE-CORN FIRES, AND FREE TRADE.-- l i Sir,—The British advocates of free trade all over the world have just now a field worthy of the cause scram the channel. It is an oppor. tunity to enlighten the French people on a subject of deep interest to Frenchmen; and upon which, whit: they feel deeply, yet they are at this moment running wild In a perfectly deluded spirit of rancour ' against England on a dry question of trade. Bread is rising in France at an alarming rate—one.twelfth in the month of September—which rate of rising has born exceeded onlyerace before in the last 30 ye 'm— end never in that period has bread been within three-fourtke of the present price. At the Fame time, the pros,act of farm employment this winter is bad, bream* the fine weather has hastened the harvest, and the ground Is in excellent order for early ploughing and sowing. The railroads will do much for the labourer; but many must be in great distress. This is seen by every body; and the positive present suffering of numbers has added a new and dangerous motive for the frequent fires raging in half the departments of France. In one extensive district in Burgundy a succession of firm before the harvest filled the country with extreme alarm, and they were attributed to the most extraordinary motives. It has even been averted that rival insurance companies employed the incendiaries, In order to ruin each other; and more than one company hat, mopped its operations—lf not its payments. Strong suspicions are entertained that political motives led to thew scandalous acts; and these suspicions point at alt the con tending parties according so indis'idualn who repeat them are them selves politically dispseed. Whatever may be the cause of the fires in Burgundy, the fact in unquestionable that many parishes there were lately in a state little better than those of the Palatinate when destroyed by lords the XtVth, and much worse than the south of I England in 11130. This occurred before the bad harvest was antici paned. fiance the corn is got in, and the bread is dearer, similar fires see blazing, night after night, in every direction. In two small parishes near Blois, five farms were set fire to in one Watt, as wit. nesoed by the writer of this notice. This was on the lath of September, and no better cause of the calamity has yet been made out than the madness of a soldier lately returned from Algiers, who oars, he did the mischief, and who is un doubtedly insane. At the game time, in some of then *Mowing towns, the authorities are threatened with fires if they do not rend away the cornalecers from the public market; ; and a serious show has been matte in one town to execute the threat. It is right to state that respectable men look upon the alarm as unfounded ; but it Is cer tain that the popular cry ia, France will be starved in order to send cheap bread to England.' , Mere then arises an excellent occasion for pointing out a popular error. The French are intelligent and quick ; but wonderfully ignorant (that Is the word) in matters of trade. When addreased, however, properly, they will listen to reason ; and if not left to the crafty and powerfid protectionists, who arc making great offarte to stifle the truth, they will be free-traders to a man. The economists, who received Mr. Cutelen so well in Paris in August, are neither popular, nor powerful. Respectable as they are, some. thing far more effectual than they are able to accomplish ought to be dune immediately to enlighten all France on this head, during the present crisis. The evidence Is complete to chow that the popular notion in to the export of wheat to England having caused its pence to rime in France, is a gross error. During thirty years the trade in wheat between the two countries has been theigntheant ; except in four yearn, viz., 1831, 1839, 1811, and 1842 ; and then not very great. In eleven of the last thirty yeam, no wheat at all came to on from France. In fourteen of these years more w a s exported to Frame from England than the other way. In two years art the thirty there was no corn trade either way. in the four above menti o ned veara, in which the export of wheat from France to England inn considerable, it never exceeded 1-raith part of the whole consumption of France, and In one year of the four it did not reach I.2Mith of that eumumprinn ; and what is happening now differs little from that. 'raking the month of September for a ground, the general rule in France is, for wheat to fall In price by the end of that month; and, in three of the fuer years also of considerable export to England, it fell in that month, PS well an In other years. In Pill. the only year of the four in which the price nee in aep tember, the rate o( rising was ronwthing greater than in this year of 18ln ; but the harvest being gaol hi Bill, the price was moderate even then. In all the lam thirty years, the price Ines fluctuated, from lees than half the present price at whi ch it stood in 1819 when only tint quer tens came to England, through every mop of the scale to the highest in 1844, when 19,000 quartets, at a price of about four-fifths of the present rate of Iti4G. These fluctuation s bear na proportion at all to the amount of the exports and imports; from which fact, an well se from the smallness of those amounts generally, it in manifest that other causes have affected the markets in France, not the trade with Engthnd. In the present year, the rise during September bas been great, and it is going on. The price is already such, that a manufac turing lisbuther with three children where I ant writing, near Blois, In France, spends, more in bread than his wages amount to. The cause is char. There has been almost a failure in rye, burley, and oats, which many use for bread. The potatoes and other vegetables are either bad, or few. The wheat, although good, is a short emit. To talk of the export of corn to England as an evil to France just now,as the th ine of INC in the price of bread, is an absunlity which nly requires rigorous exposure to be given up. But if it be not exposed vigorously, It will do greet mischief. Active discussion is the only way of exposing it Colonel Thimpron's anti-corn pamphlet, published some 'cars in French and English in the IV...animater Recker, under the title of Coate-EwpArle, should be sent al over France. It to written in an excellent style, and it might easily be followed up by similar pamphlets, adapted to the present state of facts. Its prin ciples are eternal.—As Esouoit MAIMNT In IFIZANC/1. ITALY.—GENOA, SEI'T. 28.—The scientific con gress holds its final sitting to-morrow. The ceremony of laying the first stone of the monument to be erected in honour of Christopher Columlmq, took place yesterday. On the evening of the `.:4th, the learned assembly met in the great hall of the ducal palace, to select the town for the next and tenth meeting of the congress in 1848. Bologna carried the day by 271 votes against 267. GERMASTY.—RrsstAN FRONTIERS, SEPT. 16. During the last visit of the Emperor of Russia to Warsaw, a Polish deputation, among whom were some nobles of Gal eis and Poland, waited on his Majesty. All agreed in making the same proposals, namely, alluding to a general brotherly union which should unite all the Sclavonian race in opposition to Germany. The Emperor is said to have rejected with evident disgust the unexpected proposal, and especially to have said, in respect to the bond of brotherly union, that it was quite new to him; for that he had indeed heard of the hatred existing between the Russians and the Poles, but never of any reciprocal affection. Affection had, indeed, been manifested fur the Poles in full measure on the part of the government, but that it had been of no avail ; and, therefore, no alternative remained than to let justice and rigour take the place of favour and indulgence. FRAN KFORT, SEPT. 26.—A report is circulated here that three journals, two published in Baden and one in Saxony, will shortly be prohibited by a resolution of the Diet. BERLIN, SEPT. 28.—The Prussian Unirersal Gazette takes the occasion, on publishing the resolution of the diet relative to the letter patent of the King of Denmark, to make the following remarks:—" The affair to which this resolution relates has created universal interest. The sup position of a German state being about to run the risk of • violation of it. rights, has excited a universal sentiment of indignation in the whole of Germany, at the bare idea that an illegal power was about to meddle in its affairs. The diet answered this honourable sentiment, by affirming that neither the Germanic confederacy nor the rights of a German prince were running any such risk. This resolution will be joyfully received by the real friends of Germany, as a proof of the union which exists bnween the members of the con federacy. The confederacy, separated as it is from any tendency to interfere with foreign rights, places full confi dence in the word of that member most interested in the affair, declaring , at the same time, its determination to act, in the affairs which concern it, as a power ought to do, which has a right to look upon as its own, forty millions of men of the same race, inhabiting the centre of Europe. PEnTH, SEPT. 23.—According to accounts from the ' summer residence of the Archduke Palatin, he is in a very precarious state of health, so that some apprehensions are entertained. This indisposition occurs just at the moment ' when preparations are making fur the celebration of the jubilee of the v enerable Palatin. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, SEPT. 23. The Danish government hu presented a bill to the states of Roeskilde, tending to compel all the inhabitants to serve in the army. The bill was adopted with some modifications. Those towns ahich have been hitherto exempt from serving intend opposing the bill, but it will no doubt be finally adolited. FLOES, SEPT. 16.—Those persons who reside near the castle have been prohibited, under penalty of imori.on runt, from approaching the castle. Sixty Chasseurs from Schleswig are on duty. RUSSIA.—On the 23rd of August last the Czar addressed tho following rescript to Prince Woronzow : " The confidence I placed in you, justified by your inde fatigable zeal in the cause of the throne and the country, has determined me to nominate you general-in-chief of the army, with the privileges conferred upon you on the 12th of February, 184.5, when you entered on your functions. You are authorised to confer for acts of courage on the field of battle, the rank of officer, up to that of captain exelusivel, or &corresponding rank. You may also award the orders oft. George and of Wlademir, fourth class, the order of St. Anne, second, third, and fourth class; the.order of Stanislia, se fond and third class ; and swords and ns sabres with h et° , able inscriptions . Mit often happ ens th it the lieneral .ia' Chief cannot be present everywhere on the ficli et can may occur when you may deem it right to se am. pense some act o: courage to stimulate the zeal of the anis e , which has already given so many p roo f s o f courage,l theme fore sanction you to accord rewards to individuals ppizied out to your attention by ycur Lieut enants , t h e order of g t. George persona lf of the fourth lly.—(Sig Signed ) icuwas exce N pted as that reg en t s 6 , 14 your*. . ." COLONIAL. CANADA.—INDUSTRIAL STATISTICi.--Th e 004. dicta ElOnOntile presents us with some details of the tau, lecturing resources of the colony, in an interesting municated" article, headed— eoi CAN DP,COMN A important CANADA inguiry, and more particularly soMANTTACTrUING since the ch lbw eap a a a , alt has taken place In the commercial policy of Great Britain • Ia now thrown upon her own resources, and if she grist., t o those resources must be developed. In No. 13 of the dens P"' "%__ touched slightly upon the manufactures of the Province a , not oso— the means then at hand to enter more largely into tba We now propose to give some additional parj ,,, ihn, which it will be seen that Canada is not destitute e t 2 means of entering extensively Into manufacture', and . greatly enlarging the means of her prosperity. And th e i tn r. we would notice is, the great water power which amid& Dt .„,...P* 1 This is an important element in the great immures% at her —••• and is an abundant compensation for the lose she experien tat absence of all coal beds within her boundaries. Mr. L em; ot ;" vyr limed geologist, not yet having completed hie labours, w e now say whit untold wealth lies buried under the surface O • earth ; but we do know, and have eyperienxii, the great rotor d at e surface itself, In the magnitleent crops which it is yieldi ng, fore we can afford to watt awhile for the more full d e ll our mineral wealth. We have, however, but to turn our attano,..... Lake Superior, where copper ore is found in great an — v. where the first steps are now being taken to open up ti t , there hare been di covered. But to return to the man 'l ll The cotton manufactory referred to in a previous number o i l in operation at Sherbrooke has been established about one n u turns out about 1,000 yards per day. The one at ( lushly tri o into operation tbe past year, and turns out about stm y ar d. The fabrics from both of these rnanufactoris,, altianen finish to those imported, are, neverthiliews, superior in utast din, new and durablite, and are sold at about the came prim woollen manufactory at Sherbrooke which hen, been itic,...Za number of years; but, unfortunately, we have not b een obtain any statistics regarding it for our present number, h bourg, Canada West, a woollen manufacture has le g ifs Pit operation this SIMON which, when in full employ, is ea nt e,,,, work off near 5,000 yards of c'oth a w e e k . Abo ut ta - 7,4 11 . of wool is grown in the Newcastle district analialiATZ ai amount, doubtless, might and will he quadrupled la a 6,„ Indeed, there are but few part. of Canada West where wad not be produced toe large extent ; and in the Eastern Boon,i i = of Canada East, tie fine grazing Lands there eight to pngt o ,.7 least, 1,300,0001 b. annually. The neighbouring et OOf produces about 4,000,000 lbe. annually. We have three cool s' , m ama factories In Montreal where about 306 tons of hemp ere man and the amount could be deal:4• d in ease of neut. 'l,, oae o uri T " ,„l manufactories is attached machinery fur grinding and yaks plaster of Paris for agricultural purposes, and fur stoma wad. whys 1 about 1000 tone per anntun are deposed of. Ilen,p surely co ' grown in Canada We/it, and we hope soon to hear that the s t , meat which has already been made at Niagara, roost successWi growing hemp, will be r followed up in other favourable sections el* I province. There are three paper manufactories in Canada Th e az important one is at Portrauf, about fortytive miles abut Rae* It Is owned by the Mews. Miller of this city, who have meow but recently about 10,0001. in enlarging the premises. .Tney facture printing, writing, and wrapping paper Morita, g o former. They estimate that they can turn out about rev tons time annually. There is a manufactory at Cbandily in NU I.perati oa. .. l another at St:instead, both of which together turn out about the sus quantity of paper as the Portncuf mills. There are live o r .4... I mills in Canada West, of whose capacities we have no setters motion. We think, however, that with these data they is san e * mourance tlud, in a few years, Canada will be enabled to supply* own demand, with the exception of the more costly quid:tied paw, Ite most extensive manufactory, however, in 6inatLi are the St. Maurice iron works, in the rear of Three Rivers. the iron era found there is not only abundant, but is of the best de, tuition. Ile hammered iron manufactured from it is quite equal to the ten English iron ; and the etoves can from it are eon-Weird super.% the best Scotch castings. Although we have no stausties at hat& to guide us in our estimate,' of the amount of iron manubcturet there, yet we know that many thousands of tons are num& tamest out even under the very great disadvaat er , which the forges and blasts are worked. The .system hither% adopted and carried out there is of the most primal% e drachma; but since a change is about taking place of proprietor-, we may mr turally look fur an improved method being adapted, whereby a in& larger amount of manufacture will be pruluced at a great redaction in price. Some idea may be formed of the at igmtude of these sofa, when we state that from 1200 to 1500 mouth,' arc dependent upon them. 'lle Mara manufactory, noticed as established at St. John'a, butes in (operation momething more than one year. It halo tiro fanner:6ond can turn out IM half hazes of &sot a diy. Sand, wed in the mum. facture of gluon, is said to be found in &build:wee at lilt:wham* tad at VaudreuiL _ . Leatherom article of great importance, is manufactured extem sively throughout the province. There are two or three Lammas in the vicinity of Montreal, which employ, severally, a capital of trail 12,0001. ta 15,000/. Stores are being cast in almost all sections of the province, and we hope to sec the time when we shall supple our own demand. Nail Factories already exist to such an extent, that we do not requite to import a single cut nail. Axes are manufactured 'emelt.; if not to the full requirement of the province, we lure no doubt they might be. Agrkultural implements, thus far, have but imperfectly enraged the attention of the manufacturer, although we see so reason why we should not make them as well U. our neighbours. We cannot, however, at this time, go through with the entire list of ;irides manufactured in the province; but, as we Mated at the conunenecnient of this article, the time has come when we must um what we ran do for ourselves. We cannot know the, until we ham fairly tested our own capacities; and the sooner we do ro, the better it will be for OS. That a large proportion of our wants can be sups plied within ourselves, we have no reason to doubt nom the carmy glance we hare taken of the subject ; and every shillin4 laid sea manufactories which can be made to pay, without artificial measas so much increase to the wealth of the province. CURIOUB TRAIN OF EVIDENCE.— A report having reached town last week that a murder had been com mitted at Varennes, A. Delisle, Esq., and Cul. Erman. singer, the pollee magistrate, went to that place to investi gate the circumstance', and arrest the delinquent should the story prove to be correct. Upon reaching the village sad proceeding with their inquiry, they learnt the billowing par. ticulars :—" On the 3rd of the month, two men, named Noviau and Loiseau, had been riding together upon me horse, and had encountered some man whom Nutisu be lieved to be an Irishman. They amused themselves by jeer ing this person for some time, until he became irritated, and replied in the same style, upon which Loiseau dismounted to thrash him. The assailed party then drew a kuite, with which he stabbed Loiseau in the band, who remarked to Noviau that his opponent was not only a very saucy but a very dangerous fellow, adding that for all that he would serve him out. The supposed Irishman had in the meantime taken to his heels across the nearest fields, and Loisma broke a cudgel from the nearest fence, pursued him out of sight of Noviau, who remained on the horse, and gave him a very severe beating. On returning, he had a cap ands jacket, which he had taken from the beaten man, and told his comrade that he bad paid him out. Noviau, however, who represents himself as having been afraid to interfere during the fight, fancied that the stranger had been actually killed and afterwards buried, and this idea was confirmed by no news haying been heard of him: hence the story and the investigation. Upon Loiseau being arrested, he made a voluntary statement of the facts as above detailed, but added that the man whom he had beaten was not killed, but had crawled away on all fours, and had dropped a bundle: he said, too, that he had taken the Oat and jacket to a Mr. Lalumiere, telling him that if he saw the man to whom they belonged, he was to give them up and ask what countryman he was. Lalumiere, upon being sent for, produced the articles; and the bundle, which Loiseau had seen dropped, was found by the proprietor of the lend named Brunelle, and ascertained to contain church plate. This immediately excited the suspicion that the man beaten by Loiseau was the robber of Repentigny church, and a messenger having been sent for the (icemen confined ea that charge, lie was brought into Loiseau's presence, and though in the company of several other men wan immediately identified. Upon the hat and cap being shown to him, ha said he knew them, and that they were his brother's. Be also said that his brother had been beaten, and had now goes to the Stater. The hat and coat were both of Germain mane facture; and in the pocket of the latter, another piece of gilt silver was found." BOATO ON AMERICAN CANALa.—Since the pas sage of the transit bill a good deal of interest has been inane rested by Canadian shippers in reference to the operation of our navigation laws upon British bottoms navigating oar canals, and as our opinion has been asked in reference to it, we would state, that at the present time there are several British bottoms plying on our canal, and all that is necessary to entitle the owner of such boats to this privilege is to con form with the regulations established by the Canal BMA now in force.—Buffalo Commercial Ado rtisf r. POPULATION OF LOWER CANADA.—The Quebec Grt:elle contains a table of the population of Loss er Canada, accord ing to the latest census, which exhibits the great preponder ance of the natives, and residents of French origin. the pro vince is 690,782. The number of natives of Canada, of French origin, is 624,307; of British origin, 83,860; of Eng land, is 11,849 ; of the United States, 11,946 ; of Ireland, 43,982 ; of Scotland, 13,392. LAW OF RESISTANCE TO LOCOMOTION. —At the recent meeting of the British Association a paper was read on this subject by Mr. Scott Russell, which, to those who have nut studied the subject, must be curiously intending- It is a natural supposition, that the greater the velocity of a body in rapid motion (such as a railway train), the greater the proportionate atmospheric and tractic resistance it has to encounter; but the experiments of Mr. Russell and other, — which have extended over six years, and have been made upon various lines—completely overturn such a notion. It is shown, for instance, that, while the resistance in pounds per ton to a train travelling at the rate of thirty-one miles per hour is as 23 30, the resistance at thirty-two miles per hour is only as 1810 pounds per ton ; and, what is even more surprising, the resistance at a speed of forty-five miles per hour is as 21.70, or above two pounds per tun less than that opposed to a train going at thirty- one miles per hour. The amount of resistance at forty-one is nearly the same as that at fifty-one miles per hour, or about 261 pound- per ton. Although these figures are given as only an approximation to correctness, yet similar proportions as to resistance to various velocities are ascertained to be correct by a formula of calcu lation which produces, if not the mane figures, nearly the same proportions. TIIE PRINCE OF PRUSSIA AND TILE FREEMASONS. —At the last meeting of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons, a discussion took place upon the subject of an edict issued by the hereditary Prince of Prussia, probiter of the freemasons in that country, for the exclusion of Jews from the craft; and an edict was carried to the effect that unl -s the Prince of Prussia took steps to revoke the Prussian edict, the British masonic representative at the Grand Lodge of Berlin would be withdrawn, and the Prussian representative at the British Grand Lodge would be desired to withdraw also. The feel ing upon this subject has been very strong amoi g the ma sons, owing to their universal spirit of tolerating all religious accts.—Li/mercer. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND PRODITE.—A vessel =iced from Launceston at the p o rt of Liverpool, named the Ben jamin Heape, having on 2,848 bags of wheat; and in addition to a quantity of bark and gum, twenty logs of mahogany, the production of the colony. suspicions Might not instead of magistrates of selection trouble of fluous labo for, with th and so have of attempti objects anc r of the low -I Ft, I 4 for ir Pr basin leery at tla( robe!' Ec Lie d. tho it the throl , Fisk art ifts to e i the c they of NI emu that re , be rem of: thi ger bill (H pre we: Imil ea I An the