The Express. — London, England, 1849-03-15 00:00:00

....--------- _ orkshie. It was better g r o und uma that tower bemuse it wos i d clear away the for that which was the main prepaid= behre the hes= the proposition of thil his. paths= epposite. In meek of what had fallen hem that - lieu Readings be =tie* seeearred—(kolo — bs , la the fie w t is tese homer deludes _ft the calms= tasperate toasts he beeight It tei. (Resr, bear.) twee matter of meth __Wien to Wee to Had 1_ quarks= of this kind, be which great diffeemesse of ep tiese Irenanae brought leeward in reel a enamor as to avoid all ON hest el Lurid:ft' and e i a° as to 'LT a::: anunterid" port, OW. (Hear, hen) _ to fully siren _ with hi: t e in W What* whisk be paid to the formers a= the esentry es mermat of their inviolable attsehmeat to the in ideation slthe ormatry, end he she united in the eyeepathy he expreesed for any digress whole the farmers might have hemmer, sr might now be suffering. Aad these wen not Hie words ea hie pm, foe it was ineporible that any bead& ahead worse to &earners is width he did act gerde, as it was impossible that any evil could befell the in !Aide he would at have a shore, as all hie lasses was derived from Lad, mad his Interests were tablets' bi a ct iam nad up with theirs. His could sot, however, allow that to prevent him from giving • fair consideratioa to the tot others, still leen could he allow himself to be biassed by any motive of that triad from giving due consideration to whale believed to be the permanent sad true interests ot the farmers these ash= bosun opposed to any feelings white, oiler the pear= of oream,teneek =eyesight entertain. ( Hear.) He agreed with the hen. gentles*. ia the main osier lee which be made—namely, that the local taxation to which he referred was a bud= supee s xeMlly on real property, including is that the land and leers of the country. (Rear, hear.) He kat= that by the orreries.* of paying It himself. Bat the boa. gentleman might relievable that lest year heap posed the motion of the hon. member he Conseins dh. ens proposed to impose a differ= rote of amities all the included in 'cheetah • from that delved=lades and profsedeme, is this greem4 nimaly. that even if it were JIM to impose a Masse rate as real property, it wee far dot some allowanen &MI be made for those who had to bear Main borders ea an count of local tax dims, which was a tax in the shape and nature of a property tax. (Hess.) He was not disposed to differ from the hon. patlesuusla what be stated to be the amount of rut taxation. He hawed that the local taxation for poor rate, highway nee, death lots, and others of that description did amount be mead cambers to 10,000,0001. He also comearral with the boa. paths sma as to the assent of the lead tax, whisk be estimated at 2.000,0001, ter though the einem= beeeght tats the creebeipeer at proms did en wash 8.080. 0001 1 _Yet ths howeet el some esperied a reasoniesthe eaten= ea be liken lase the othealaties, =tide weekt gales it to thee enteent. He agreed with the hes. gentlemes, Vp theithat treaties on them miens= wee skeet 1 Is laced sambas, Ravi= eseatered with the ma so far, he was afraid he came Se the admen IC il it whin he amid agree with him, beams in wag threlleth his ether various statements he thought he 7 4.1.11‘ be al= *thaw the hoes. dirt considenthe eorreetiems mid be made. The filet proposition of the hem. gentlataa was that this taxation premed in ea task= meaner IS ths real property ot the country, because it was a pres- UM OS what =seed °sly one. fourth it the =some of the eciatry. He belisv.d the hon. entree= cessiderably un derrated the amount of income derived from real property. He stated correctly that under the poor rate returns, the mount of that species of property was only 67,000.0001.; and he west ow to show from the lest retorts under the insane tea, that the total income of the country was 184000,0001. In that wain the hen. gentleman was correct, specking ia reined ember. The hoe. gentleman then proposed to add en,-birth of the property not co • user= fee imam= under 1401.—thet was to sa 62,000,0001., which wield make the whole income o f the country 249,000,0001., awl asked why trait 12,000,0001 shoul be levied pon a portion of the whole revenue, whit h amo d unted cella u , more than ociremeth of that whole ? But the hon. gentleman should not have taken for his guide a return which we notoriously full of Muttered's, nay, the return ander the poor rate. (Hear, hear.) If the has. gentleman took the return under the income tax, which arrested in the report of the lords' oenraittee on ageseelteral dir-1 tress, it would here afforded him • mere accurate criterion of the real prope rt y of the gauntry. This showed that the real property of the sonnesy Meath to the par. of making the necessary Modesties he that which was not rateable to the poor, was Mt 117,00,00014 len 84,000,0001., then adopting the same rah as that made nos el by the boo. send ran with regard to homes mew 1401 a year, and assuming that they esesitatel me Medi of the whole income of the country, the malt weal be UM the sanest amount of property eateable to the per was sot 67,000.0001., but 103,000,0001. per smarm. By making a simple calculatra, theratere, he would Had that dill Writer , did not fall es emenseth hat en niniiihs of the manual uneaten the _scary. The hon. gmlissmi had wisely abstained tram sag progenies for the renewal of protecting duds*. TM teigese if hi melim—es it was also that 0 the petition which in pressabed thin day—was to pro mo a =grackle of the *Rasa =shred by recent ohmage. in the law whin he essseind to be W inless to the agricultural intmet. The deed of the them= which he proposed theertare was to throw on abet proms, who did not at pow= pay their fair propa- Oak • my tarp mount of the burdens new sestribeted by the riwl teral interest. In dealing with such larp some, it was essential to see that any benefit is the way of assn =should go to those who, it was awl. INNS la this taxetion, for he apprehended no kethemas mold propose that those who suffered no bjery should advantage. He had already tuned that Chat the amount of propy subject to the Weems hi gad rateable to W peer was 84,000,0001. Now, It ap pend be the _me return to which he had refer red, that th l 7 dkidllidOW. of this sonsi-ted of land ; 36,000,0001. of hewer ,74011,0001. of sands ; 2,400,0001 of railways ; 4400,000/. of mines and other descriptions of property. No would vesture to say that thew letter denrip = e of property were injured in soy way by the newt changes. Well, therefore, to =pore a heavy burden on other classes, and to give the benefit of it to those who did not want it, and who did not ask for it, and for which there was not the lad pretence, seemed to him to be throwing away money in the most reek law manure. (Hear.) Then there seemed to be groat eon fad= with respect to the parties who were to derive the benefit of this reduction of taxation. Sometimes it ap peared to be the owners of teal property, sometime* the eget cultural in crest, and sometimes it would ewes to be the escapien of land, as distinct frem the owns= (Seer, hem) Now he conferred he entertained a Miss ephdon that the occupiers of land, from whom is understood that the petition which had been pemented to day emanated, had no interest whiten?, at sent to nem in W proposition made by the hon. gerthemin—(bey beer)` ' became if any proposition could be proved men salhhekway than another it was this—that with the esapYss if ease where leases existed, and in some cases of eke Wader el bard= from tenants to landlords, except in these cases which were not of a permanent nature—no properties could be more clearly demonstrated than this, that the tare were not chargeable on the =rat, but in point of fact were • &dation from rent. (Rear, hear.) A little more than two years ago a committee of the : House of Lords sat to inquire into this subject. Witness after wit sea including persons who had been employed is valuing farms for letting, gave the most conclusive elides= that the probable charge for rates was always eonsidend by a tea= before he took a farm, and thane= from the maned of nut which he would otherwise pay. Though be did net prof= to be • gnat practisal Elealtarta is the of farming, yet It did so happen ming to aralirmirtdr samstances, be had had • weed to de with the meeeko mart of estates ; and he wad et, that his own expertise entirely confirmed the that the salculation which a former made when he withal to take • farm had referenee to the value of the hes lava to him after darksang the rates, sad the differed's* Daiwas the rates end what he would otherwise consider to be the valor of the farm was what be would give. Any boo. gentleman. who was practically acquainted with the management of pro perty, must know this as well as he bimeelf did. The Intelligent witnesses who appeared before the committee of the Hones of Lords stated the same thing in the most distinct terms. bir. Umbers said, "most undoubtedly I should not be in a situation to give as mach for the use of the soil if the poor rates were doubled, and an IMMO, of these rates practically operates as a diminution of ants." Mother vitae"; said he should certainly consider what were the charges on the lend, and increase or diminish the rent moor d4l.l. He did not apprehend that any hon. gentleman controvert the proposition, that, except when the awn= of rent was being filed, the tenant bad not the ellefireet interest in the amount of rates. So long as any rent whatever could be paid, the rates were charged ups the land, and the occupying tenant bad no rt Interest in the question. It appeared, Hat of the parties whom the hoe. gentleman Fo t o benefit, the occupiers would be in no pernasently benefited ; while of the °wain of real property min than one half, namely, those who were not the earn of agricultural land. bad not the slightest claim to the been which it was to bestow them, at the mass ef ether portions P e r f e e cm community. Hessa;eirtle mos vended with the agricultural Interest also dery the diminishing proportion of the =pews It Rata tibia the po r which was paid by landed IS COM =ebb ether deseriptras of preporty ll . re tlB26, the paid 0 per cent. of ths pennies • in 1833, it mid 11 1 ; g1 11 s r r ms. ; k lan, 59 per NM. ; deg to the hat Mans, is 1646,11 paid wily 47 8 10ths per nat. • while in W same ported the Dud hums by e th er report; MA lINIVIIMI from 81 WO 3101hs per east Therefore the series peemedmash mere usselherinutals Ins mon the Masi Inessel , whys imand vane MI hien eves to land by the Imponveneents which had team pine. (Hear, hear.) Ho MI Mac mach Ms* Ws isennisal which had aosidesenily ISM Me his pnrinsien the east day. giving a new venation dna fisweg la which he ended, and show ing en ertneediasey benne in the calm at penarty rate able le ihs poor, thsengh the mixture of mandlesteres with egetennote. From a reNirn laid before the Leeds' committee in 1888, ft appeared that the valued= of the West Riding of Yorkehire, in 1816, wee 1,471,00014 la 1834 it was 4287,000 e A new valued= had bees made reeently, and it was only fair to say that the increase which he was about to state was partly the result of a ma" equitable and uniform system of rating which wee bring established. The valuation laid before the =est of quarter esidene, which had been exasened with rig I ere tral bi t l/r for the purpose, had increased to 3,930,0001. Mr remit ap lc= IMMO rraarlonie osi comparing the increase in arenhendan distriera with that be the agrieultural. The mine isemine in the valuation of micarnwriag property wines 1884 we 106 per sent.,while the iseremsdithsvaluntkin oo l ong property we (V o ss was vaderstood) 27 pr cent Therefore any rate levied 'ghost the Wo whole of the West Riding woald be bone is a mask • low than illinhess oreaseilbypropset7 cl; elebl is no gene be called real ; and real mold Pt therefore be entitled to the been wa i t bun- genDemun evatattously sunteenearny propped to confer. (Hear.) Great as was his regard for many of his friesde in the West Rid*, mold not mem* to leave in their pockets • large sum weigh at proses! they most justly paid. (Her, boor.) Now,kalialdhpsed of the review** boa. 'mamma pro ceded to senimeme ea mime charges which he thought were unduly thrown on the Mad. He world first take who the ease of made. If there were any parties ia the country bad • dine interest in inakitainiug the roads in their re elective perishes„ they were, he must my, those who carried on the proleseisa of agrimature. (Flea, hear.) Who were the parties whe thinly used the roads ? (Hear, bear.) Why these who Bull net aslant, the hod without mem them. TM has. gentlest= seemed to think it exceedingly hard that the commercial traveller should pass over srOnitural rash. The commercial traveller, by Tithing the remote ious of agriculture, enabled the hews of the m fur i g hboarhead to purchase what they required et the shopkeeper, and farmers could not be half et sem- Sortable as they were at present if the traveller were Pt the instrument of furnishing them with the neceinarise god Inzuries =We. (" Hear hear," and laughter.) Marereer the hoe. gentleniaa mu; remember that a large prgmrß of the rends were maintained by tolft—(hear, mashing, he admitted , could be more just than that then who mod made should pay for thee. It should be moor bolsi too that on such roads almost the only article or impel* bon the payment of tells is the manure conveyed over them by the farmer. There might be a few other special exemption , ; bat be believed that the exemption in the case of manure wee almost animal. Well, then, the hon. gen tle mu next come to church-ratee. Now be (the Chin on= of the Ezelsequer) did not know who upon the whole mold be more fairly liable to the burden of church rates their parties who resided la the perish where they were levied. This he must my, that if the hen. gentlems permed to take tither a part or the whole of the 11111111114 ibillied kola church rates out of the general re veal= of the sountrl, he would, if he succeeded In his ob ject, eh= • algaai injury, instead of conferring any bon fit on the egriesitaral clue. (Hear, hear.) If a burden which was now molly borne in the egricultural districts were made a cheep et Ile ue, it was evident—first, that there would be • Imp leas= is the amount paid ; and, seereclly, that • very peat portion of that increase would have been spat in the large maasfosturing towns. (Beer, hear.) As Izersultuzio, IM should deprecate any change which meellenhima larger proportion of the hordes of main tabling*, he of ae church than he was at present übjest to The his, gentleman next came to criminal ; and, in order to show the house that r m eo li t i e d l e d mi net only draw a large picture, bet sketch with *goal skin the minute details of • cabinet peer, he depicted the whole history of Taw.% begin ning with the patio& whoa that individual took lode/taps at Slouch, and going on to the clue of his career. He had only one objection to offer to that which had prodoed so much effect on the bowie, loosely, that it did not answer the how. gentleman's purpose. (laughter.) Instead of styes, "flee what • burden this is upon counties," the hon. gen these weight to have said, " Look at this charge : see how moseemes it would have been, bad it continued to be borne and then he should have gone on to say how grater , 410110 all were for having barn relieved from meek • bunks (Lauber.) The whole of this charge was, is het, at present borne by the p ublic treasury. (Hsu, abitlrmilespie gentleman had drawn his mot y the Ply fault was, that the fteNM to he drawn from it was not on his own side of the tine. (Hear, hear.) He would not dwell ea ger tea other portions of the hon. gentleman's spew* for he confessed that he did not think them worthy of the high argument in which the hon. gentleman was egged. He did not think, fee example, that the argument that the parish ought not to be called upon to pay anything to a discharged soldier, became it had had no voice in questioas of war or peace, or that a special rate should be imposed on Liverpool to pay for the war in the River Plate, or em Manchester to pay for the war with China—(h ) he did not think either of those arguments wuld have much weight with the house. He would now pass on to another argument , soniewtla similar in kind—namely, the injury which bad been inflicted on the agricultural counties by the manufacturing intones. He bad really thought that if there were any one point upon which every mon, woman, and child In the country were agreed, it was that the improvement in manufactures had conferred the greatest =able benefit on agriculture. (" lear," l and cheers.) retuts.t.that.th w.g,:ggerf a, tb e an a th nc e wage o f the :gr i t natant Moore in Dorsetabire ? Why we it that he (the Cheneeherref the Exchequer) had to pay Ids. a week to his lalsoseank while the agriculturists of Dorestshire paid only 7s. et flat (liter, hear.) he reason was well known—ft wee beep« if he did not pay that amount his la bum= would go off into the manufacturing diaries. (get bor.) An honourable friend of his, row no ._..tmlbog that he could not keep labourers by paying the ode of we , sent into Nottinghamshire fee sow sussmai, however, left him ; and when he was afterwards qusidsasi as to the cause, he said he had given 16e. a week, bavhgietsminedts ho high enough, but, even with such wages, he amid not keep the men shove ground—they I would go foto the pits. (laughter.) The hon. gentlemen said the senthern counties had been altogether ruined by 1111111111161111101 S. Again he must refer to evidence taken in the NOM 1111 Leeds, in which it was shown conclusively that benefits tea very great amount bad been conferred =soul agriculture by the introduction of manufactures. It sp pored that ha the me of Tiverton, for example, the offset bad bon a general improvement in the vales ef the write]. tural property it the neighborhood, wages Wog do reboil, end poor rates diminished. Even in the misty whisk the bon. gietleinan represented he found that the operollis of Wycombe had led to the Snood smoky ment mf the poor. Did the agriculturists generally derive so basalt from the manufactures of LanseaMre and Yoskshire ? Wm not the county of Backlash= relieved by them from a 111111,• plus population? Were not the par-rates of that ewer diminished by the circumstance of the peasantry renirdwg to the manufacturing districts? Was it not the feet that, ' when the peasantry had got into those districts, they bad been particularly anxious to avoid making an application for relief, lent they should be sent back to the county of Buck ingham? (Hear, hear.) He had stated facts so notorious that he should have thought they were known even by the hon. gentleman. (Laughter.) Yet the hon. gentleman Immi depicted, in language which he ee well knew bow to enohie irremediable distress and misfortunes inflicted on the mWeel counties by the manufactures of the north. fie (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) believed that the manuteeturing districts bad been a great swims of relief to the agricultural, by taking off that surplus sesmlaYss which the latter were so ill prepared to employ. email uk the has, gentleman if there were any one =en which all parties agreed more than this—that the e tion of manufacturer into: Ireland would be of the ipotesi service to Irish agriculture ? (Hear, hear.) He now ease to a still more extraordinary part of the hon gentleman's speech. In coosidming the special burdens on land the hen. gentleman rota= to take into consideration the special ex emptions laser of land. He (the Chancellor of the Exchequer) did not see any poseibility of arriving at a sags (*eery coneledon without taking into ascount both. i bi HL e ar ;ab h u ser.) He sturcurred in much that the gentleman had said with regard to the legacy duty. A peat mistake was prevalent as to the amount of exemption enjoyed by the lead. He believed that at that moment the proportion of duty pail by the land se sempared with personal property was about 7 to 9. MOW could be mere preposterous than to represent the whole of the Spay duty as a burden specially charged on primal propeoty, and from which land was altos:ether ex empt. It wee tree that when Mr. Pitt made his first prop shim Da coo terrier is the Home of Commons ; but e hesmolo odol,and the exemption in favour of land 17r: t alons= omparativelv small. He did not memo to p into Ss roods then. All he wished to do was to se ll s tie Mo. gemelemares protest against any consideration of the exirepthe. Suppose the hon. gentleman obtained the um mit= JAM be proposed, how could the government after wards oho to vote kw • committee on the hardens of pesomel prosily, ousisdlog tom consideration the soda onsplins 'Omit by soh popoty ? (Hear. bear) The st two such eemsilisabwould resemble the aoudadst of igl e i to knights is the sbildrom's story-book, who log= on MOAN IMMO of the Moil ea mow= of its colour, such Wog !Ski, bet *either bobs the wit to look at the other side. (leo, ham) TM his. oedema/ bades .. ! .. l the whisk Ohs odes elks imposed on Why, solos es they persevered in M sys=ss, Ada M beam' Mho a mend me, at robing a aradder able poopsolles of dui annual non= by indirect taxation, se hag mot miss ditties exist. If the hon. godson pro pels& to moo sway indirect taxation, and to impose Erect taxation In Oa of it, then, but not till then, might he hope to do away with many of those excite duties which were at present imposed upon agricultural pro le's. (Hear, hear.) Take the me of the malt awl bog duties, large items in the revenue. Thom duties seenejm believed, paid by the consumer. He did not think time iliOr samoval would nunevially benefit y pee. of the agelladaleall merest , while the greaser port ion would clearly sot ho min= at all. Now *Might( that the excise duties cow most samarium's to the agricultural interest, what was the menet of such duties from which they had been re lieved Once 1815 ? 3,000,0001. on beer ; 52 0001. on eider ; 735,0001. on bides and skins ; 117,0001. on starch; 33,40 r 1. on tiles, cud 80,0001. on other artic!es ; making a total of 4,100,0001. entirely repealed. The reduction on malt was 2,300,0001. • en spirits, 380,0001. Altogether the reduction I. the exci se duties amounted to no lees than 8,835,000!. tiler, hear.) The Secretary of the Board of Stamps end Taus had stated before Lord Beanmont's enuni•tee on the burieus of land the amount of relief which had been given to the agricultural Interest in respect of stamps and taxa. There were many exemptions of this nature with which he would not trouble the house, including horses, servants me tein husbandry, and shepherds' doge. ("Hear,' a laugh.) on, gendarmes might laugh ; but the manufacturer paid duty for the dog which guarded bis premises, while the farmer wee exempt. (Hear, Mar.) The amount of these ezemplisms was en all 980,0001. The last item in the Wahine was the insu rance on farming stock, and he wee glad to perceive the =Hue= this had had in the way of promiting insaramses. Is 1834 the savant insured was 1141111.0001. ; ha 11311_ 47,870,0001, in 1847, the value of the meek immed lad retched 58, 192.0001., and the duty whisk wadi haws hem payable in that year was 87, 2 08 1 . nit= redmeisn of duties to the extent anent or eight no aims alleviation of the burdens which wen mooed by the ogsi• admiral interest to press excluelosly en Sen. (Mows) Three yenta ago, tics hon. =mbar he West lissoroldsios stated what he conceived to be the fair and just dome of the agricultural interest. The enumeration of Slam weal be short, and he would state to the house what hod been dove in furtherance of the boo. member's Timm The hon. member first suggested that the up= of the rural police should be paid.by the state. Though that sag. gods lad sot beau ached upon, it was new optional with THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING. MARCH 15, 1849. t h e *m o n w hether thog mold employ meal gather nit. The next popes's& wee, that the date on malt Memel' he re mitted, he the feeilig ef settle. (Hese, hem) . Ile was anxious not to sesesethe smalit a bat 99 *Milt that the I nsult of the experleasate w been needs sallehdesily showed that there was no great advantage to be derived teem the um of malt instead of barley for that F m . ii (Nem, hear.) Celestially tee advantage was net tl. the WO to which the revenue would be exposed lies sesairiem of the duty. The next suggestion waa, that a gamed else bill should be pawed. A renal hodesure bill had bees mend, owing in a great derma le the exertions of a noble lend cow in - the ether here (the Hulot Yarberegab), MI and the result was meet . laths yew 1889, ther ms enclosers as. we re i I. Imo, tourism ; in 1841, 22 ; in 1842,12 ; a 'total in these 639 T years of 67 acts. There was th en a lull which lasted until the paring of the bill in 1845, when them were 41 smith cations. In 1846, the somber Ind 91111111966 911 ilk 19 1647, it was 87. In 1848, 69; making It deem feerienes 288; and in the lent year more than in the Aar years whisk he had fled named. (Hear.) Tbis net only showed the advantage which had been derived from peseta; the reseed bill, bat it showed else that the omega el laid ge teeh t n ecienected with agriculture did not entirely despedr of be la pavement and prosperity. The 4th proposition of the hon.. ■ea h en was, that a gesual drainage ball done'sho be paned. That he was sorry to my bad not been ; bat he be. lined that the bon. member for Berkshire had each a measure ea the anvil, and although the difficulties were not slight, he hoped he would bring his task tea sueeessful termination. Another suggestion was that a portion, and only • portion, of the expenses of county aeons should be borne by the rate—the proposition tog limited to eases which could only be declued at the assizes. In 1846, however, the government undertook to hear the whole expanse of prosecutions, both at the assizes and quarter sessions. The hon. gentleman also d that the maintenance of I rands convicted either o fe Of atiedetammors should be borne by the state. That also had been done from the year 1846, and it must not be supposed that the sem sepended for these purples was altogether insignificant. The items thus taken from the county rates had amounted since 1846 to 848,0001. With soch remissions of ezeise duties and taxes, he did not think the landed int bad much reason to complain that nothing had been done for the land. (Chien.) The hon. gentleman summed up this part of his speech by a strong exercise of his powerful imagination. He said it was quite impossibli to conceive ' how it had happthel that in this country of landlords so little had been done for the land. Fatting a sepposititions case be raid it would teeny appear that they were so conquered ra ce trodden under foot by an impeetation of haughty conquerors, who did not hesitate to throw upon them the whole burden of the country because they were the vanquished English. And he went on to say . that he *mid not imagine any other country in the world in which so large a prop ortion of taxation could be made to fall en the land. If the hon. gentleman would but descend from the regions of fancy, in which be revelled, to the dull realities of actual life, be would find, without travelling far, countries in Europe in which a much heavier proportion of the national taxation was paid by the land. It he would cross the channel to France he would find it so there. If he stepped across the Rhine to Prussia he would fled it so there. If he mowed the Baltic to Sweden he would find it so then. If he came back across the Sound to Denmark, he would find the same thing there ; and if, in tracing his way home, before he reached the German Ocean, he called at the Netherlands, there too he would find that the larger proportion of the Redound burdens was borne by land or other real property. (Cheers.) Far be it frant him (the Chancellor of the Ex chequer) to say that it followed thence that the burdens on land is this country ought to be increased, for it was obvious that, inasmuch as the riches of this country were derived so much from commerce sad manufactures—sines property in some shape or other mast bear the taxation, it was only reasonable and fair that no larger proportion should fall upon the land in this cauntry than elsewhere. He only wished to point out to the hon, gentleman that if he would content him self with sober facts and pure realities be might fiod,without going very far from home, that very state of Wigs of which his imagination was in search. He now came to what was really a main element in the consideration of the queeeion before the house. Supposing the house to have taken off the amount of taxation which the hon. gentleman proposed to remit, from what source did he propel to supply it? (Heir, hear.) He was not quite sure whether the hon. gentleman hod in. chided in his estimate of 10,000,0001. the municipal and local taxation of Scotland. lir. DISRAELI Intimated that he had not. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER continued— Scotland should have been included ; because he could not suppose that the hon. gentleman intended that the land owners on the other side of the Tweed should be treated in a different manner from those upon this side, and that they should be deprived of the benefits which he was about to confer upon the landed interest of England. (Hear, hear.) He might fairly add two milieu sterling to the 12 already set' forth by the hon. gentleman, so that the whole sum would be 14 millions, one half of which was to be paid by the community at loge. The loon• gentleman seemed to think that this additional burden was to be easily raised by an increase of the home tax. After the particularly unfa vourable reception last year of the proposition to add 2 per Dent to that tax, it was rather singular that the hon. member should so soon come forward with another propos'. don to the ease effet in a still more serious degree, Had the hon , gentleman calculated the effect of his proposal, it carried, upon the various classes of income tax payers ? He (the Chant:4ler of the Exchequer) had done so, open what he supposed to be the hon. gentleman's principles. The amount of the income tax, according to the last retains, was 6,600,0001. Now, if the hon. member were to make schedule A pay its proportion of the additional tax, this addition would amount to ao lees a sum than 3,233,0001. horned the amount which schedule A already contributed; or, on other words, Schedule A. would have to pay that amount cut of one pocket into the other, a process by which Schedule A. would scarcely benefit to the extent desired by the hon. gentleman. (Laughter.) Under Schedule B, would come the tenant. farmers, that class in whose welfare such intense interest was manifested by the hen. gentleman and his friends. What amount of income tax would Schedule 8., would the tenant-farmers, the occupyin g tenants, have to pay ? No lees an amount than 406, 1. per annum, a sum which this el us would hardly think him a friend who should impose it upon them by way of relieving th eir distrewes. (Hear, hear.) He, himself, as a landlord, would say that he had no desire to throw this burden on the tenant-farmer. (Hear, hear.) He had no wish to throw on other men's shoulders the burden fairly placed on his own. (Hear, hear.) The extreme probability, however, was, that the hon. gentleman himself did not intend it ; that he did not mesa to derive any proportion of the new tax from either schedule A, or schedule B. This was rendered mealiest, indeed, by the hon. gentleman's refer am to the speech of the right hon. beet opposite in 1836, when the right hon. member warned the agriculturists how they sought a repeal of the malt tax, lest they should there by e t themselves involved in a " comfortable little income tax. The hoe. gentleman could not surely mean to involve them in an an income tax, twice as " comfortable " es that menaced by the right hon. baronet, inasmuch as it would be twice as much. (" Hear, hear," and a laugh.) It must be taken for granted then, that the hoc. gentleman did not mean to call upon schedules A and Bat all ; the seven millions extra would therefore have to be levied upon schedules C, D, and B, so that these three, now paying 2,750,0401. a year, would thee have to pm 9,760,0001. a year. Had th e hon. gentleman reflected in - rat way and degree this weal& operate against the znaledemme of that faith whish the sestatry owed to the national creditor ? Or, ra ther. bed the hoe, gentleman rebelled at all about the matter ?It would really seem not—it weak. sem the the ben. gentleman had taken upon craft the sellgeldthe of same penes se ether not vetted in the MIAs el this and figures, sad Mensal all the more to deal with emilithe la a reek of never, quite at variance with the be.. seethe man's ordinary sigh of proceeding. (" Hear, hear;" end a laugh.) The Ma. gentleman must himself see, on Considers.. don, that Schedule C. had decided claims upon him; Schedule C. send met be included ; the whole Oleg must fall area lehedules D. and E. How were sche dules D. and Z. %beer it) Be ds the proposition of tame hewing local Malicia to the abad had wets most dame woos experiment (Hew.) Mobs*. gentleman hintedieth edited that thwere simile to tramhethe elishafthe loml beg lees to the esseolliated fund. Did fleshes. gentlemso really OM that it would be mew math lens so to tea she eme-hall the taxation ? time, the which applied le the whole, applied, at all mesh, la pehidp4, to the pad. Meer, hear.) The house had already some experience of' ilhe atiethief of these half grants, in Ireland, during the pad theme years. (Hem, hear.) The house could not ax • , peeper antral ever Meal expenditure ; the result would be OM local expenditure would not be properly contrelled at elk tout would take Its swing, unchecked by any Offeillve emerintendence. He, himself, as the owner of landed pre party, altogether objected to surrender to any other body tau a lee el body, the management of local coments. The habit of self-government was essential to the stability of ghe eseatry sad to the security of property. (Hear, hear.) It was because he saw in this proposition a first step towards the supercession of self-goesnment that he, a mong o th er strong omens, opposed it. It was con- Oinked, as a ground for some of these proposition, that there sebted distress of a severe nature throughout the agricul tural districts. He admitted that, in the southern counties, there had existed, and did exist, ecresiderable distress, arising from the small crops of inferior wheat ; and, in Seem and Zest. siatiesely, been the bad imp at bops. But he saw se ream he =l . thste up 10 IM moot time, distrem h e A ge: 7 4, men in the saanallestaring districts. As to the doom after the disturbance of the markets which taken place the last three se four years, it would not be very easy to ems to any th ey definite mad* don as to what the pies of sore might perimenently be, bat he conddered that, at the present samat, ft was materially dermal by the ahem meted fa mime ways throasheal the agricultural dilaters. (Heer, hear.) But he did net IVA that the same was the ease with other articles of agricultural produce, though the hon. member for Somerset appeared to messiah great apprehensions on the pent. Take meat, for example reviewin,g, month by month, the pries of meat in Smithfield market, he found that the price was higher in 1848 than it had been in 1844. The average price of bed in 1844 was 3s. 101 d. ; in 1848, 4e. 3d. ; of mutton, in 1844, 4.. Old. ; in no, 6 s. 11d. (Hear, hear.) He was prepared to show that the same was the case with all the other articles of produce. No doubt there was infinite alarm throughout the agricultural dis tricts; but he was well convinced this alarm woe exaggerated beyond the utmost possibilities of the ease by the language of the very men whose precise object mutt be premised to be that of raising the agricultural interest, rather than of depressing it. (Hear, hear.) It did not appear at I all certain that the alarin , sO themeless were is ell ernes so impressed with the fearfulness of their proems as they pro fessed to be in their stmeches. (Hear, heel,) Only yester day he board of a smiles's who, baying been most Tao- meat is his philippies at 17, Old Bond-Menei, teueferred hie denudation W ohs midland eounties,'Where he amend a inning of hrmiesthet it was all up with them, that they would net get a farthing beyond 48s. for the very hest wheat ' they might grew thi=. Whilfellpoll a farmer present, a oeighboor el the , said : " Well s come, I 'll give you a. kg eU the eat you grow this ; ear l good and bed." "No." " Wei! , I'll give yin 474.' " No." " 485." - 0 No." "Ch.' " No." " Well, 50e. good and bad all round ;" and , after some hesitation, 50.. was agreed upon. (Luebke.) It was yea) , clear that this gentleman's the differed mathislly beta his theory. (Hear, hear, sad laughter, and cries of "Name.") He would men tion the gentleman's name to his hon. friend opposite, who, us *mitt, knew the gentlemen very well. (Laughter.) In relation to the distress said to exist throughout the coun try, he bad obtained from venous parts of England, through bis hon. friend the President of the Poor Law Board, returns of poor law expenditure, which showed that the distress had by no means been on the increase, and especially not in the urieultand districts. (Hear, hear.) He excepted from his calculations the north of England—not because distress existed there at all in the way assumed, but hecause it was partly manufacturing in its character—and he would take some purely agricultural districts. Take, for example, the county of Lincoln. There had, indeed, been a recent in crease in the poor rates there, bat there had also been an in crease on the rental rated to no less an amount than 85,00 W., the amount having been, in 1841, 2,127.0001., and in 1 84 7, 2,212,000/. Taking the period from 1834 to 1847, there had hien in the county a decrease of 1 9 per ant. in poor law exrenditure, the rate there being, in 1847, Is. 2id„ while the average for England was is. 61d. It was further worthy of remark, that it appeared from a paper laid on the table of the house last year, that the nun ties In which, during the pest 14 years, there bad been the most distinct decrease in poor rates, were the six moat purely agricultural counties—Bedford, Sussex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, and Cambridge. Again, taking the 60 unions of Cambridge, Essex, Norfo'k, and Suffolk, he found that the total number of in-door paupers in the three last weeks of February, 1848, was 13,511, whereas the total number in the corresponding weeks of the present year was only 13,012, being a decrease of 499 ; the out-door paupers in the same anions, during the former period numbered 8,983, in the latter 8,947, a diastase of 36 • no great number, indeed, but diaiinetly against the assertion that distress was on the in crease. Aga* taking 8 unions in Bedfordehiro, and 5 in Northamptonshire, the number of in-door paupers, in the 12 weeks, 4 before and 8 afterChristmes, 1848, was 2301, in the 12 corresponding weeks of 1848 9, the numbers were 2,010, being a diminution of 291 • the average of outdoor paupers during the same periods being respectively 1,264 and 1,161. (Hear, hear.) He himself felt that as landlords they must rely on the increasing consumption of the increasing popula tion of this country. If these are well to do, if they have not high prices to pay for the necessaries of life, they will buy large quantities of those articles of consumption which the landowners could alone supply ; but it was essential to this that the necessaries of lite should be easily available to them. (Hear, hear.) He believed the well-being of the mimes essential to that of the higher classes. (Hear, hear.) If that well-being could be aecured by the sacrifice of some of the luxuries to which hitherto the higher clews had ' oven accustomed, the a tenure should be made freely and fully. (Hear, hear.) The population of this country must have the necessaries of life at a cheap rate. It was a matter of the highest political importance that thn end should be attained and maintained. (Hear.) In the well-doieg . of the crest body of the people—in their prosperity—in their cot.- tentment—lay the best security, the only security, for the tranquillity of the country, the safety of property; he would only add that while all classes had alike ap.rmanent interest in these objects, there was no clan so strongly and imme diately interested in them as that which enjoyed the perma nent and inalienable interest of being the owners of the soil. (Hear, hear.) Mr. CHRISTOPHER said he would be very brief in hi' observations on the speech of his right hon. friend who had just sat down. By t ha t speech he had put an end to any doubts that might have been entertained as to the reality of the disuses that existed amongst the agricultural classes is England. The reason of that distress was that agriculture was the only unprotected interest in the whole leingdom, and now that the former protection granted to it had been withdrawn, the agriculturists were compelled to look more aarrowly into the burthens which they exclusively bore, and to endeavour to obtain some re lief from them. Ho would give his right hon. friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer credit for having availed him self of his statistical details with sincerity and candour, but still he meet say he had not dealt fairly by the proposal made by hie hon. friend the member for Buckinghamshire, who had asked the house to agree to his motion as a measure of good policy and conciliation. His hon. friend did not propose to introduce any new system of taxation, but only to enable the house either to go into committee and listen to the plan which he bad to propose for the alleviation of the local taxation, or else to revert at once to the ancient and constitutional practice of the country, and to lay no bur dens upon the land but those which the land was anciently accustomed to bear. His right hon. friend opposite had ad mined the truth of much of what his hon. friend had stated. He admitted that the local taxation was unjustly borne for the greatest part by the land. He admitted that there was 10,000,0001. annually levied on the land by way . of kcal taxes, and that 2,000,0001. more was raised by the lend tax, so that the amount of 12,000,0001. stated by his hon. friend the member for Buckinghamshire to be ex clusively levied on the land was admitted by his right hon. friend opposite to be correctly estimated. But the right hon. baronet had attempted to mystify the proposal of his hon. friend, which was that there existed certain classes in Eng land who were altogether exempt from the payment of the local taxes levied on the land. His hon. friend Bad stated that there existed privileged chases in this respect, end not that he had soy wish to increase the income tax. The right hon, baronet had asserted that the decrease of local taxes would not relieve the occupiers of land, but would only tend to increase the rents of the landlords. He would not deny that rent was a material element in the profits of lend, hut he would ask whether it was possible at present for any land lord to raise his rentals? There were districts in which rents were only 7s. an acre, whilst poor rates were much more in the pound, and how could any decrease in those rates increase the rental? But hie reason for supporting the motion of the hon. member for Bucking hamehire was that being precluded from all hope of inducing the legislature to retrace its steps, the only chance which the agriculturists had was in the reduction of local taxes. The right hon. baronet opposite had urged the impossibility . of making the fundholden pay a poor's rate. He must remind his right hon. friend that long before the fundholders were known to exist, there existed an ancient and constitutional law of England which enjoined every man 1 to contribute to the relief of the poor according to his means, and there was no reason, legal, constitutional, or of expediency, why the fuadholder shouldn't contribute to the relief of the poor according to his men.. (Hear, bear.) He would call the attention of the house to the opinion of a very high authority upon this point, that of the Rev. Mr. Jones, chief tithe commissioner, who, in his eviience before the Lords' committee, stated that the law of England anciently war, and still continued to be, that all profits and personal property of every deshipton was snared to the maintenance of the poor. In former times land represented the great bulk of the nation, there being 3,000,000 suiculturists and 1,000,000 of other classes oat of the 4,000.000 constituting the population of England. In the present altered state of things Mr. Jones stated that the non-agricultural classes were double in numbers to three of the agriculturists, and consequently that the capital which was employed in putting the operatives and other non-agri cultural chum into activity was of an amount heretofore unheard of and unparalleled. That the law of England was that all classes of property were liable to be rated to the poor in equal proportion • and that, although the principle was admitted, the prac tice was to exonerate a vast amount of the capital thEs employed in setting the operatives to work, and it escaped the poorrate altogether—that, inasmuch as real property was tangible, it could not escape; so that it had to bear the principal burden of the poor rates, which was a very serious injury to the land holders. (Hear.) These were the opinions of Mr. Jones; and he ventured to say they could not be controverted (Hear, hear.) The highway rates, which were also an ex clusively local burden, were unjustly so, because as his boa. Mend had demonstrated, the high road was kept in repair for the bunfit of the 18,000,000 of which the whole populationof England was composed. It was, therefore, a sufficient reason for him, looking at the facts he had stated, for asserting that the fundholders, who were not now taxed for the relief of the poor, ought henceforward to bear their proportion of the linnets. The Chancellor of f the Exchequer had asserted that if the kcal burdens comlained of who more equally distributed, the remission of taxes on land would not affect the occupying tenant. To refute this assertion he would only ate the opinion expressed by one of the witnesss before the Lords' Committee, who was not a farmer nor a landowner, but who was a poor-law com missioner. That witness stated that in the year 1835, when the price of produce was low, the poor's rates in the districts referred to by the right hon. gentlemen were 17s. Bd. in the pound, whilst the rental of land was only 15s. an acre. Would any one tell him that in this state of things the occupier of land would net be relieved to the extent of one-balf of the poor-rate if the proposition of his hon. Mend the member for Buckinghamshire was carried into execution 1 That proposal would be the greatest boon _ which the occup ying tenant could receive at the bands of the legislature. A Right Hon. Member : Yes, as long as his lease lasts .) ( A laugh.) But in addition to this, he had other reasons for supporting the proposal of his hon. Mend, and one of them was, that all other branches of production and manufacture were pro tected in England, gave and except agriculture. Olass, carriages, buttons, cutlery, and steel, were protected to the extant of 10 per cent.; silks ts the extent of 15 per cent.; woollen cloths 10 per cent• whilst wool grown at home w as not protected at all. There was another point on which the agriculturists had a right to complain, namely, that they were not allowed to grow tobacco. The Chairman of the Excise had stated that if tobacco was grown in England a differential duty of le. Bd. per lb. would be required to keep it in the market. He would very willingly make the government a present of the differential duty, if the land was permitted to grow tobacco in England. There were now two propositions before the house, that of his hon. Mend, and that of the hoe. member for Montrose, who had made bis fleet appearanes in the new chanter of the farmer's Mend. (A laugh.) The latter proposal was to repeal the malt tax in connexion with the reduction of the sweatily of the empire. Man might be said with rasped to the inequality of the malt tax. It was a most odious tax. It was an excessive tax, being 70 per cent. upon the value, and that levied in a most ingsui twist manner. It was most unjust and oppressive in its open/dos; bat it had been hinted by his right hon. friend wait*, and broadly stated by others, that it was mainly paid by the eonsamer. That he denied. (Hear, hear.) He would put a parallel case to the manufacturers on the opposite side of the house. Suppose his right hon. friend wen to impose in Wm of the malt tax a duty of so much per yard en all the cottons and calicoes manufactured in Great Britain. The Excise officers would have to go at all hours of the night into the factories, in order to regulate their production; and he doubted much if it would then ne heard that the tax fill wholly on the consumer. His experience told him that the farmers did not care much about the malt tax. What they wanted was equal razatien, and a relief front the burthens which they bore, whilst other classes escaped. They would , at once be relieved by =eh a measure to the amount of 6,000.0001. a year—whereas the repeal of the malt tax would compromise the honour of England, and her ability to nay the demands on her. It had been stated by his right hon. friend opposite that the speeches made by the agriculturists had exaggerated the distress which pre vailed in that class. But the manufacture sitting be hind him well knew that the distress really did exist; and they knew, moreover, that the labour ing population suffered severely in courque au. The bait of the repeal of the malt tax had been thrown out by hon. gentlemen nppcstte with the solo view. he believed, of creating amend between the farmers and the landowners, and of persuading them to quarrel with their best friends. (Cheers from the protectionists.) ,Under these circumstances he could not support the 1310d311 of the hon. member for Montrose ; but must support the proposition of his hon. friend, which he looked upon as one of the clearest and ablest statements that had ever been submitted to that house. (Hear, hear.) He assured the house and the go vernment that the agricultural interest was in a most de pressed condition, and he fel: convinced that it was no tem porary depression which would soon pass away. No person could be more desirous than he was to maintain the revenue of the country and to avoid embarrassing the government; but be warned the right hon. gentlemen opposite, unless they proposed some remedies themselves, or agreed to that fair and safe remedy which bad been proposed by his hon. friend, that in addition to the many difficulties which beset them in other quarters, they would be placed in the dilemma of hav ing all the leading interests in the country opposed to them ; and they wculd be reduced to such a state that it would be utterly impossible, either for the noble lord or anybody else to carry on the government of the country with the insti tutiors which it possessed. (Chters from the protctionist benches.) Colonel THOMPSON said, that the keeping of accounts was never a point on which he thought himself strong; but it certainly did appear to him that one item had been left out of the schedule on the present occasion. He wanted to know whatcampensation the citriculturixts proposed to make the country for the protecticn they had so long enjoyed. (A laugh.) Did they intenOtpropme a duty for the next twenty years upon home grown corn ; or would they propose to commute it into an equivalent charge upon rent ? (A lamb.) He did not gay whether there should be a tax of 205., or 301., or 40s. a quaver upon home-grown corn - but he did ask for fair compensation . • or if hon. gentlemen would not give compensation, perhaps they would state what in their opinion it ought to he ; that once done, their consciences once satisfied upon that point, the manufac turers would give the agriculturists the fairest compensation for every item on which they could plead that they were un duly taxed. He should be very glad to give the bon gen tleman leave to grow tobacco, and he was quite ready to ad mit that the malt tax, though it was hard and oppreesive upon the working classes of this country, did in the main fall upon the landed interest. (Hear, hear.) He admitted all that; but he first asked for satisfaction upon the point on which he really had scruples, and then he assured them that they should find him and his ftiends to be most fair and rea sonable men. (Hear, hear.) The Earl of MARCH said he should vote for the proposi tion of his hon. friend the member for Buckinghamshire, which was characterised not more by its lucidity and apti tude than by the ability with which it bad been introduced, and the soundness of argument with which it bad been sus tained. (Hear.) He was surprised to hear the ?lest hon gen tlemsn the Chancellor of the Exchequer state that the dis tress in the agricultural districts was or a partial nature. He (the Earl of March) did not believe that that statement was founded on fact, but that there did exist throughout the whole of the agricultural districts of this country very great and deep distress. (Loud cheers from the protectionists.) They were told when the corn laws were repealed that tie wages of the labourer would not be diminished, that their wages would be as great . when wheat was 465. as when it was 605., and that pauperism would not increase. (Hear.) What was the fact ? There was expended in relief to the pew in the seven years when the price of wheat was at the lowest, 34,466,8161. ; and in the seven years when it was at the highest only 34,259,4641., being a decrease of 207,3621. But that was not all. There was the further circumstance to be taken into account of the difference in the value of corn at those two periods. That difference amounted to no less than 30 per cent.; so that if the amount of pauperism were the same there ought to have been a still less expenditure by 30 per cent., which would make a deereese of no li u than 10,207,3621. expended when wheat was highest as compared with the period when wheat was lowest. (Hear hear.) Now he wished to ask ne undue protection tor agri culture. He wished that all classes should share alike; but he would put a eau to the hon. member for Montrose, and would ask his opinion upon it. The ease which he was about to put be knew to be an accurate one. He would rather not mention names, how ever, but speak of the persons concerned as A and B. A had an entailed estate assessed at 5,0001. a year, without the mansion, and he bad a house in 1.• ndon assumed at 4001. The estate was directly charged as follows :—For poor, county, and church rates, 31. id the pound, 7501.; land tax, 791.; income tax on actual rental of 4,6001.,1381.; tenants' property tea on tenants over 3401. a year, 961. • for rates of house in London, 601.: making a total of 1,1231. Now, as oppo sed to th a t let them take the case of B, who had ,0001. • year clear from the funds and annui ties. He paid for his house in London, assessed at 400/. a year, 601.; income tax on 6,0001., 2501. ; so that whereas A, who had an entailed estate of 5,0001., paid 1,1231. a-year, B, who had 5,0001. a-year clear from funded property and annuities, paid only 3101. (Cheers.) With regard to the question of the malt tax, he believed that in the county with which he was eonnectad the strongest possible feeling existed that its repeal ought to take place. (Cheers.) It was looked upon as an unjust tax, and it was held that if we had free trade in corn we ought to have free trade in everything. (Hear, hear.) Now, though he was prepared to you for the repeal of the malt tax, yet he must say that he was not prepared to vote for the proposition of the hon. member for Montrose; and for this reason, that the hon. gen tleman started by denying that there were burdens which pressed unduly upon land— Mr. HUMS.—No; Ido not. I say, "if there are any special burdens upon land." The Earl of MARCH continued—Well, that to his mind implied • doubt—(hear, hear)— but if the hon, gentleman talked about the non-existence of burdens upon land be would beg to refer him to Mr. M'Culloch, who in his book upon taxition stated that the agriculturists would clearly be justified in demanding, in the event of the free importation of corn, that it should be charged with a countervailing fixed duty sufficient to meet the charges which bore pecu liarly upon land. Mr. M'Culloch went on to say that it would be Impossible to retain them that without trampling epen every principle of justice; and that such protection would not be given to the agriculturists as a favour, but in order to keep them on the same level as other dune; of the country. (Hear, hear.) That opinion he (the Earl of March) held in common with Mr. M'Culloch, and he felt convinced since they had repealed the duties upon foreign produce that they must give protection to the occupier a lend otherwise he would not be able to bear the taxation inflicted upon him. (Hear, hear.) The occupiers of land did not seek an undue proportion of protection. They ware ready to contribute their fair share toward' the wants of the state; but they did object to pay more than their share, and they cams forward now in consequence of the withdrawal of protection, finding that they could not bear burdens which, under protection, were tolerable, but which were 83 too longer. lie called upon the house to look with favour upon a body which, whilst they were able, had cheerfully borne the imposts laid upon them, and not to leave the agricultural interest a victim to mischievous and reckless legislation. (Cheers.) On the motion of Mr. M. GIBSON the debate was then adjourned; and the house adjourned at a few minutes before 6 o'clock until tomorrow (this day). Vie Orprefio. OUTGOING MAILS. The Wed India Malls, (=lading Bermuda, Havanna, Neiman, Honduras, New Orleans, sad Mexico, and including !hoes for Madeira. et. Jaan-de-Nlearagua, New Grenada, Chill, and Peru, will be made up on the morning al the 17th of March. The mils for Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar will be made up on the missing of the 17th March. The mails for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Aden, Cedes, India, Hoag-Kong, sad China. via Southampton,i be made upon the morning of the 10th March. The mails foe British North America, and the United States, will be made up on the evening of the lard March. The maid do Marseilles, to the metuterransen. Egypt, Ades. Cedoe. India. licmg./Loag, to., will be made up on the evening of the 11th March. The mails for the West Coast of Africa and Madeira willbe made up on the evening of the Mat of March. The mails foe New South Wales, Vsa Dimaan's Land, and New Zealand will be made up on the evening of the Slat March. The mad' for Madeira, the Brazils, mad BUMS Ayres, will be made up on the evening of the 4th of April. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim DAT —llornbse. 46 Ws. past 6; Afternoos, T I. put 6. Taltoaaut —ltarelaj, 33 Ws. put 6; Alientoon. 46 Ada. put 6. LONDON, THURSDAY, MAR. 15, "BROADBRIM" Sad "Bilitifie"MOSl be almost SS much obliged to the Times for the emu tesy of its !linguae, as for the hirness of its logic. Because we of tho established church make no scruple of paying sums to Maynooth college, to a Malta Bishop, or an Indian temple, individuals are mocked because they call it a grievance to have their industry mulcted to support a creed which they do not believe, and a worship in which they do not join. Because the land of the squires has descended to them charged with the repair of the oldest building on that land, the parish church, " Broadbrim" and " Snuffle" ere likewise told to pay rates to the same church for their houses. Suppose they built them. Full half of the buildings and property rated to local taxes have been erected within half a century by the skill, industry, and eco nomy of the " Broadbrime" and the Snuffles"; and the creation of this half of real property from the im mense mend floating and active wealth, has added the greater part of its present value to land. The land and its champions ought really to be more modest than to brill; in the monied and t rading industry i e • country as its debtor—to ordeon it to pay tribute eat merely to the government of th is landed interest ' bet to its church ; and surely if they did think it jut and politic to enforce such orders, these ought at Islet to be issued 'without unnecessary insolence. The country and parliament, however, will be speed the time and excitement likely to be spent in an inqurri into the comparative liabilities of personal and real gm party, and of tee chief divisions of real property, then which no:t wo things mild be more unlike. For in !ima m it is proved that this mighty scheme foe swarapiec the expenditure of the country with six or Nee l millions more, would in reality not bring the le* alleviation of the harden to the class for whose benefit the greet cloud of smoke has been rsierd. HURE did this in part. But Sir CIIARLEd Won has aocomplistel the task so completely that the protte'iooista had really not a word to anew We certainly did not give the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER credit for the power to conceive, errae w concentrate, and fling upon the rabid country plarf,i; complete and crushing a refutation. His speech em the best spoken from the ministerial benches by lie present occupants during their last hold of powe r , and quite re-establishes a reputation for firemen' ability, so far as it may have been shaken. Nothing could be clearer t - an the proof that sela stitut'ng an income tax for six millions of local nee; would take cut of the pockets of the landlords them. selves as much as it would put int) them. The d ee ' upon the tenant farmer would bet add the burden ei 405,0001, to the 325,0001. already figuring in schedule B. Some of the sma'l farmers might, indeed, env.; which would add immensely to the injustice and the burdens weighing en the large and respectable farmers, until such time as they could readjust their leases. But as to any real goof to accrue to the farmer from Mr. DisnAm's mystic scheme, it sa. niahel into thin air before the keen and conelnuivem posurc of the CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. Hid the hon. gentleman calculated the effect of bhp). poeal, if carried, upon the various classes of income tax payers ? He (the Chancel' :r of the Bachtquer) had does ea, upon what he supposed to be the hon. gentleman's priceo s , The amount of tbo income tax, according to the lut :stun; was 5,600 0001. Now, it the boo. member were to kW Schedule A. pay its proportion of the additintal tax, nest addition would amount to no lets a sum than 3,233,000L,be. T oed the amount which Schedule A already contributed; or, in other words, Schedule A would have to pay that tam out of one pocket into the other, a process by which aml. dule A would scarcely benefit to the erent thared by t h e hon. gentleman. Under Schedule B would time the taut. farmers, that c'ala in whose welfare such intense intend was manifested by the hon. gentleman a , ,d his frisk. What amount of income tax would Schedule B, wouldtls tenant farmers, the occupying tenants, have to pay ? No leas an amount than 405,000/. per annum, a sum which flit class would hardly thick him a friend who should impose upon them be way of relieving their distresses. The CHANCELLOR OF TIIE Excitegtait did nOt p into the question of the right of charg ng lied with peculiar and local burdens. This was pat fonnid previously and ably by Mr. HUME; but Sir Caaxiii Wool) felt he t ceded not this argument; that his awe against the agriculturists w s sufficing strong without it. Tte Times in taking up this pus of the questior, admits the liability of land, but aim that there is a limit, this limit being the possibility ef payment. It makes tho landlord plead in fond povperis, as unabl , b to bear the burden of kcal taw tion. Of pleis and excuses of this kind Sir ennui WOOD also fully disposed. He showel the harden of local taxation upon agricultural property is have rather diminished than increased, wilt the value of produce, except in reference is epochs t f famine prices, hal not declined. He enumerated the long series of burdens taken= by one from lend, and made oat a case aphides sturdy Saxon or Norman beggar, of which truly the Celt might be ashamed. The Times itself, with all its admiration for 31r. DISRAELI, is not certain that the alrer..tion whidi he proposes "would be justice," or whether the elaae on whom the burden is to be Oxon would "submit to the change," cr whether " the remedy . might not be worse than the dime All it hints 18, that it wi uld be imm•diate, porary, relief to the labourer and farmer. Heat could be either one or the other it dots not say. En it must inevitably have a contrary effect Sir Caduis WOOD has fully shown. TnE Knights of the Garter enjoyed, a few dam since, an unusual prominence. A coot , mporary called them ove-, reviewed them on their muster-roll, ad decided on their qualifications. They were nu that they were a sirgularly strange mixture of heraldry and honour, of upholstery and virtue, of thin sad true li‘i.oism. The garter was said to be the shred rank and wealth—the empty privilege of adding K.O. t? a . title, of wearing a riband and a stir, and of me richirg one's arms with a collar. It was said to bee bit of empty honour which cast in fees a thinned pounds, and which, consequently, few could Malts pay for ; and we were told that the order mud le opened out to a new race of knights, " suited to the needs and distresses of the country." Such is the popular idea of what the Order of the Garter is. But is this what the Order of the Garter was meant to be? In the days of chink en order of Military Knights was founded, k higher purposes than mere outward pomp and ism Nor was an order of this sort established merely a s means of extracting fees. No doubt it was well err dowed with lands and heritages, all to be applied V some right good purposes. What are its posee•sies? What its sources of support? Who receive there venues and pocket the benefits? There never wail this gilding without a solid bit of gingerbread-0i what has become of that ? It will surprise none of the readers of the Daily News, who know the history of St. Cross and other kindred institutions, to hear that at the present time, whilst the Knights of the Garter are muleed heady on elevation to the honour, the officers cf their chapel —their " Registrar and Minietere"— who are no dean and canons of the Chapel of St. George it Windsor—are sacking all the profits ! We own we expected to find it so when we began to hen thi subject over. It has often puzzled us idea* the riches of that wealthy corporation. d 2 estate of 22,500/. a year, as the Ecelesie tied Commissioners have testified, together with patronage as valuable as that of almost nay car deal establishment in the kingdom ! Only one cargo- ration aggregate in the church exceeds that Of Windsor in its wealth—the golden corporation of the cathedral of Durham. And yet as a merely collegiate church, it seemed curious how the wealth of Wiadad could be derived. We now find, upon examiakkot that the revenue of the chapter is nothing more no lees than the residue of the vast estate which they hold in trust for the charitable purposes of the Ordg of which they arc the priests! The statutes by which King EDWARD 111. et* blished, under the immediate protection of Si. George, an order of Military Knights, to comet the Sovereign, the Prince of WALES, and 24 comb tuent companions, provided also that ace shoaldik "so many Veteran Knights, reduced to poretYi s equalled the Companions of the order in number, whose choice should be vested in the sovereign, and who should be appointed to offer prayers, receiving there wherewith to live because they had not sufficient their own." Thue, each Knight Companion had Ilk Veteran Knight, and each Veteran Knight had hisstsli in the:chapel under that of his Companion Knight,md wore the robe of the order, which differed little.frok that of the companion knights, save in the insign.s the one bearing upon it the cross of St. George walus the garter. the other the scatchenn of St. Gegge without the garter. The chapel of St. George, which was Set S p AS! the solemnities of the members of the order, was sok ficiently endowed by the King, and in all the statute. of the earlier period the Veteran Knights are referred to as a part and parcel of the general thundstion, dal/ sharing the revenues with the clerical brethren of then order. In fact, the institution was a combined dolesl and military establishment, having a mutual . objk s and a mutual interest. In form it was eloOr and martial, in object it was religious and seal: But in progress of time, and under one pretest or another, efforts were made by the claim+ branch to shake off their military brethrea- From the time of HENRY IV. to that of HENRY' . 11 there were contests between the two conflicting bus' in which the church, having possession of I property, of course prevailed. It became necessary! however, in the reign of the latter monarc h, to se t the the dispute, and it was agreed between the sovere!ffi l and the chapter, upon the appointment by the lokf of One PETER NARBONNE, that the dean an d csn? o ' should give him his maintenance until the NOB should make the requisite arrangements fur the am vision of the knights.