The Express. — London, England, 1846-10-13 00:00:00

tice of withdrawing clergymen from their proper duties to seat them on the magisterial bench, would be the fact of their tempering law and justice with mercy ; and by the influence of their character and office, imparting a kindly and paternal tone to the discharge of the judicial function. Were that done, their presence would be felt as a moral power ; law would become a living agency of protection and guidance, as well as of retribution ; and the poor would not only be secure of justice, but respect and gratitude would often mingle with their confidence. In what districts this vindication of keeping clerical justices on the bench may be practically evinced, we cannot say. We see but little of it anywhere ; and certainly nothing at all of it in the Petty Sessions of Loughborough. THE onslaught of the Jesuits upon the constitution and the liberties of Lucerne, and the successful main tenance of their dictatorship in a canton which every three years is called to assume the executive power of the Federation, could not have been supposed to terminate the struggle between the retrograde and the liberal parties in Switzerland. The failure of the Corps FidliCB, in which the Liberals had enrolled themselves to attack Lucerne, had not induced an acquiescence in the triumph of the Jesuits. Quite the contrary. Those liberals in politics and in religion, enjoying the full sympathy and support of the most powerful cantons, neither abated in spirit, nor discontinued their old or ganisation. The Diet was powerless to suspend animosities, or do more than preserve a momentary peace. Indeed, this peace was long preserved, more by the prudent neutrality of the great Protestant countries, than. by the fact that the sacerdotal party was the most numerous or most powerful. In this state of things Lucerne took a bold step, and formed an avowed confederation of itself and the mountain cantons, to resist liberal or religious inno vation. To this they gave the name of a Concordat, and thereby created a league of the moun tain, rustic, uneducated, and Catholic population of Switzerland, against their brethren. We would not, however, deny that the Catholic population and the Catholic cantons had not excuses; or had not some cause of fear from the dictation of the Radicals and Protestants. But their idea of a confederation was an extreme and fatal one, since its existence led inevitably to the formation of a contrary association, and thus led straight to civil war. It was of course the duty of the Swiss Diet afonee to put down such federations, whether l'rotcstant or Catholic. It discussed the question for that purpose, and the different parties came to a vote, which proved, as is often the case in that assembly, a divided one. This would not have caused much astonishment and surprise, if it had not appeared that the non-condem nation of the Catholic league by the Diet, was owing to the refusal of Protestant States to join in such con demnation. Geneva, especially, refused; and it was said by the advice and influence of France. The de puty of Geneva was also more than sanctioned by the Great Council, while they insisted on supporting Lucerne and the Forest Cantons against the Radicals of Berne. This act of the great Council of Geneva, the country of CALVIN, the head-quarters of education and liberal piety, disgusted public opinion in that city. The act was considered one of basexess and irreligion, if not of treason. The Radicals took advantage of it, and succeeded in swelling popular indignation to a towering height. Some years back the Council of the Canton of Vaud had shown a similar desire to play the juste milieu in politics, and the consequence was a popular revolution, which dethroned them, and rendered Vaud an ultra-liberal canton. The example was tempting, and the Gene vese seized it. There had been formerly attempts of a similar kind in Geneva; but the citizens had then mustered in arms, and the National Guard overcame or deterred the populace from a downright revolution. Now, however, more apathy prevailed. The feeling was, that the Genevese Grand Council had gone too far, and that it was not supported in a way suffi ciently general to deter or put down insurrection. The obnoxious decision of the Grand Council took place on the 3rd. The effervescence instantly com menced. Meetings were held ; protests agreed to and published. The printers were arrested. But this proved no check to similar proceedings. The Grand Council then ordered the seizure of the principal orators and movers of the resistance : FAYS, editor of the Liberal journal, MULLEN, and VANEY. These chiefs withdrew into the old watch-making and arti san portion of Geneva, separated from the more modern town by the Rhone; and the population under their orders barricaded the wooden bridges over its rapid stream. The Genevese government, upon this, ordered the militia to attack them; and their cannon soon swept away the barricades of the bridge. But the streets of St. Gervais were filled with armed insurgents, The troops, in attempting to penetrate, suffered great loss; especially that of their ola colonel, M. DE CIIA TEAUVIEUX ; end they retreated. The insurgents in line passed the bridges, and soon succeeded in insur rectionising the town, and occupying the principal posts. The Grand Council was under the necessity of resigning ; and the proscribed radicals of the 6th became the triumphant heroes of the Bth. Geneva and its government remained in their power. This revolution, which from the remote corner in which Geneva is placed cannot but end in the esta blishment of a liberal and radical government in the canton, will give great additional force to the power of Berne, which soon becomes Vorort, or Executive State, and which seems inclined to put down by force the Jesuit regime of Lucerne. Zurich also, which, though a Protestant canton, has hitherto opposed the wild pro ceedings of tiro radicals, voted against Lucerne in the affair of the Concordat ; so that the Liberals have of late gained much ground, and only require the ob servance of moderation and justice, in order to triumph over the retrograde party. As long as the Swiss dispute these questions among themselves, they are not of so much moment. The great danger lies in foreign interference, or in a state of things in Switzerland offering pretext for such in terference. The French government is accused of prompting the Grand Council of Geneva to its foolish vote, so completely at variance with popular opinions. But the government of Geneva is not the first that France has overthrown by antipopular advice. Nor will it be the last. THERE is not a step in politics, or a fact in political history, which requires greater previous consideration, or is more calculated to make one pause ere it be made or achieved, than for one country, or its go vernment, to set foot, with views of interference or colonisation, on the shores of a new, vast, and peopled continent. But consideration has never pre ceded such a step. We English threw our reli gious communities on North America, and our trading establishments on India, as a natural overflowing of the religious spirit and trading enterprise of the country. The Nation, in either case, had as much hand in it as the Government. It was a spontaneous act. We know the results. In the present day, however, the world is all too thoroughly awake for such a step to be blindly or unadvisedly taken. All must be aware, that it is no ordinary, no indifferent matter. If we do wrong, we have no longer the stars to blame, but our own am bition or miscalculation. The island of Borneo, on the northern and north western shores of which our frigates are hovering, is a vast, a fertile, and well-peopled land. We And the political organisation of Borneo has some re semblance to the state of things and of races founded by the Normans on the shores of Europe. Now, there could scarcely be found a population with whom it would be more difficult to establish per manent influence. As long as we aided one chief or Pangerang against another, or the sovereign against a mutinous chief, we should no doubt find zealous Mends and allies. But such is our policy and feeling of humanity, that we should soon be discovered to be the patrons of the fallen and oppressed race, and of that exclusively. Our prohibition of piracy, alone, is calculated to deprive those freebooting chiefs of their main source of wealth, activity, and renown. If to this were added the idea that we menaced their aris tocratic subjection of the Dyaks, we should find all the Malays engaged in a common bond against us. Each day, too, would make the chiefs of Borneo more formidable foes. They are by no means des picable as it is, and they put to the test all the skill and hardihood of our crews. Even these, we see, are baulked each moment by the difficulties, the swamps and natural defences, of the country; and a strong- hold inland would, like the fortified paha of the New Zealanders, require regiments to subdue them ;—espe daily when the Borneans had become more expe rienced in our art of warfare. We cannot bat fear, therefore, that any obstinate system of warfare car ried on in Borneo, accompanied by interference with their politics and their internal quarrels, must produce some signal failure or defeat to our small naval force ; or that it may demand the accession of regiments and expeditions, and lead to results similar to the costly conquests of the Dutch in those regions. The mere occupation of the island of Labuan; the opening therein of a secure and well-provisioned poet for our commercial or military marine, on this their direct road to the Chinese seas; the making it • at the same time the entrepOt of trade with the Borneans; —this is so far from being objectionable, that all must at once admit how desirable and useful would be such a station, which, as a defence against pirates merely, would well repay the expense of its establishment. But the extension of our views and interference from Labuan to the mainland of Borneo, for which our publicists have lately discovered so long and respect able a name;—that is quite another matter. We are strongly tempted, it is true, by finding in Mr. BROOKE an able, a chivalrous, and devoted auxiliary ; one whom we cannot abandon; and who is already so mixed up in the politics and dissensions of the Sultan's court, that we can scarcely refrain from henceforth being as much a party to them as Louis I'IIILIPPE to the future policy of his Madrid relatives. But pru dence would suggest our giving counsel to Mr. BROOKE to limit his jurisdiction rather than to extend it. At Sarawak he is a useful and needful auxiliary. Through his aid the English of Labuan may master the pirates of the rivers in the immediate neighbourhood, and may subdue their habits by sub stituting for them the gain of regular trade, which, once tasted by chief and people, will prove a bond and of compensation. If, on the other hand, instead of thus limiting our efforts, they be extended to Bruni, to the reforming of the Sultan's court, or to the wild idea of giving him a successor in the person of Mr. BROOKE, —such a gigantic enterprise would, it is to be feared, lead us far beyond the prudent object of a little, secure island-colony at Labuan, and embark us in the politics of Borneo far too precipitately and too widely, not to end in disappointment, disgust, and final abandon ment, if in no worse results. We have a sufficient number of colonies for the re ception of emigrants, for which the climate of Borneo is every way unfit; and we owe our chief care and expense to those dependencies which have received an English population, and which arc calculated to com plete one. In these far seas and torrid climes, what we need aro Melina and Gibraltars, not Algerias; ports and fortresses for shelter and for trade, not pro vinces to administer and populations to subdue. On the Chinese coast itself, we might have preferred some island less barren and more healthful than Hong Kong; but, at the same time, some island more defen sible and less dependent on a Chinese population than Chosen. Labuan, therefore, should be the limit of our occupation in Borneo; and the support of Mr. BROOKE at Sarawak, the limit of our ambition. If we are to support Pangerang against Pangerang, we shall soon find ourselves in contact not solely with the Bor neans, but with the Duteh,who have governor-generals and armies, and a whole net-work of intrigues and subsidies with the Bornean chiefs. There cannot be a prettier or more interesting romance than the Memoirs and Journals of Mr. Bituota ; and, in so saying, we would not in the least impeach their veracity ;—but Great Britain has too many permanent sources and objects of duty, to permit her filling up that romance by any serious acts of policy or war. Let us settle New Zea land before we colonise Borneo; and d:spose of lIEKI and RANGIIIEITA, ere we go to war with I'an gerang IiNiOP, and the SULTAN of Borneo. The following letter from a correspondent who knows the county of Caithness well, will convey to our readers an accurate idea of the actual position and prospects of that part of Scotland. It is obvious that in the lowland and well cultivated part of the county the failure of the potato crop is viewed with as little alarm as in the counties south and east of the Highland line. The destitution, in Scotland, of which we hear, is confined to the H cbri des, and the immediately adjoining mainland. In that region there is perennial destitu tion. We are familiar in London with the faces of eloquent divines and laymen, who, in tho Egyptian Hall of the Mansion House, mendicate from time to time for that unhappy region. It is well that govern ment has laid on steamers to distributeprovisions there ; but this step will only meet the present emergency. Unless something more be done, we shall have another application from the same quarter next year, or at the furthest in 1848. The real evils of the district are an excessive (cottier) population and bankrupt landlords. The estates are almost all entailed, and almost all managed by the trustees of the insolvent heirs of entail. The trustees cannot, without risk to themselves, relax their gtspe on the starving tenantry. The tenants, more numerous than the soil can sustain (multiplied in some localities under the stimulus of the kelp manufacture, now destroyed), have nothing to pay them. Year after year, large droves of lean cattle are sent from these districts to the southern pastures, coniposed almost exclusively of seizures for rent. The destitution in tho islands and western highlands of Scotland may be worse than usual this year, but it is always existent; and nothing can re move it but the breaking up of the entails, concurrent with a large emigration. " Regarding potatoes, the crop in Orkney and Shetland is, I hear, gone, or going. As to Caithness, I can speak more confidently : from one-third to one-half is rotten. The greater part is still in the ground, and has not become worse during the last three weeks,. In favourable situations we hope to save seed, and perhaps sufficient for farm servants and labourers till the end of December. Near the towns of Wick and Thurso, where the land is fad of manure, and has been growing potatoes for half a century, the decay first manifested itself; and the crop which is planted by the inhabitants of these towns in patches of land (on the large farms) rented for the season, will In many cases not be touched, but left to the farmer to deal with as he pleases. This willaffbet the supply of food in labourers' families to the extent of owe-fourth, or in some eases one half for eight months. But there is no panle--not much anxiety among the industrious part of the inhabitants; for work is very abundant, wages high—that is, for ordinary labourers, from I Os. to 12s. a-week, and 6.. to 55. for women and boys at farm work. The labourer with us I ha: a house andrightof fuel for 20s. to Ms. 3-year; oatmeal is 20s. to 71s. the boll of 140 lbs.; barleymeal, 145. to 15s. ditto; beef, 4d., and mutton, 3)d. per lb. ; eggs, 4d. a.dozen. The corn and turnip crops are abundant ; toe quality very fine. Bear in mind that this is a level, well-cultivated, corn-growing district; breeding Leicester sheep and short-horn cattle; inhabitedby a comparatively industrials rare, principally Scandinavian, with a dash of Norman blood. We have a Celtic race in the higher parts of the county, towards Sutherlandshire, who are, as a body, ho law . On the Dukeof Suther laniCsestates there isa large Celtic population ; the extent of failure of potatoes with them Is not yet known. Like the Irish, they live, or exist almost solely on potatoes for eight or nine months of the year, and will not work unless compelled by hunger. We have employ.. ment here for as many of them as are able to work. While living on oatmeal they work well ; but as soon as their potatoes are ready (or eating, they leave you, no matter how urgent the work or high the wages, sad nothing will tempt them to return until the potatoes fail in spring. The claw in our lowland country likely to feel the potato failure most, are the small tradesmen in towns, and the small farmers of from 10f. to 291. rent—a nondesiript class, properly neither farmers nor labourers, We most find them work, and grant them indulgence in exacting the rents due in 1847. Of food them I will, thank tied, be plenty.' , . have not wrongly styled it a continent, such is its extent. It is peopled, not with savage tribes, but with a population which has made no small progress in civilisation. It contains a healthy, robust, active, and intelligent native race, which has been conquered awl rendered subject by a conquering race, the latter in it,• turn displaying the manly virtues of an heroic cut e . Th ei te 2eople cre pirates. So were the Normans. I The Dsbats of Monday drops the subject of the Spanish marriages; the'Prease, however, makes up fur this by four columns of more than commonly furious invective. The Prose, in fact, becomes rabid THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13, 1846. on this topic. In the bushel of chaff which it has put forth we find, however, some grains which have weight enough to entitle them to be picked oat The writer gives what he pledges himself to be en authentic and precise history of the marriage question from its origin. "We can , ' says the Presse, gua rantee the exactitude of the following details, which will give the lie effectually to all the assertions of the journals, whether of London or Paris, which have defended the proceedings of England in this matter." Considering that the Prone is one of the court jour nals, we may therefore regard the following as an official defence by the French government of their conduct in this matter: " While Sir Robert Peel was in office, France and Eng land were in perfect harmony on the subject of the Spanish marriages. Putting aside all personal pretensions, France agreed, and even prepossd as the best arrangement, that the two Spanish Princesses should be united to their two cousins, the sons of Don Francisco de Paulo, in which the British Cabinet agreed. This arrangement, however, was rendered I impossible by one of these Spanish Princes breaking sud denly and scandalously with the Constitutional party. Then occurred those conversations at Eu of which so much has been said, in which the French Minister proposed the ar rangement now carried into effect. Lord Aberdeen replied that he saw no objection, especially (surtout) if the Queen should have an heir to the crown at the time of the solem nization of the marriage of the Infanta. Tnis was the posi tion of things when Sir Robert Peel resigned. On the accession of Lord Palmerston, the French Cabinet neces sarily put itself on its guard. It soon learned that Lord Pal merston, corresponding with Mr. Bulwer, was endeavouring to substitute a Prince of Coburg as a candidate absolutely on the same footing as the sons of Don Francisco. It was known that Mr. Bulwer had indicated Don Henry us the proper husband of the Queen, and that England was doing all that she could to bring to a conclusion a marriage with the Prince of Coburg, and that already the Spanish cabinet being reluctantly forced to adopt a course, gave ear to the propositions thus made to it. Under such circumstances, France was compelled to act, and how could she act other wise than she has acted? She gave notice to England that the latter was departing from the course agreed upon, and receiving no answer, and knowing that the Coburg inuigue was still proceeding she gave definitive notice that she would hold herself 'free to act as might seem most con ducive to her interests, and would marry the Due de Mont pensicr either to the Queen or the Infanta. This communication, which dates so far back as last May, was followed by the proceedings the issue of which is now manifested. Such are the facts, the exactitude of which we defy the English ministerial journals to disprove, or to show that the French government throughout this ne gotiation has exceeded the strictest limits of good faith. Let English diplomacy, caught in its own nets, cry out against a result which it might have prevented by observing the neu trality agreed on between the two cabinets. Let it try to distort the facts, and to east upon France the wrong of its own defeated duplicity. Nothing is more natural. Let the French opposition journals seek satisfaction in the clamours of the English press, and mingle in foreign declamations against us. Nothing, to our shame, is more common among us. But let any man of good faith and good sense, having the facts before him, say whether the conduct of England has not justified that of France ; even admitting, which we do not, that France has need to consult England in such a matter." This account differs but immaterially from one re cently put forth in the pages of the Beetle des Deux Miaides— " When," says that journal, "the English Government was animated with the sincere desire of maintaining the entente cordiale, it acknowledged that France had an inte rest as well as a right to turn all her attention, all her solici tude, to the question of the marriage of Queen Isabella and of her sister. To understand thoroughly this discussion, it is necessary to bear in mind that wlam Lord Aberdeen ac companied Queen Victoria to Eu, he there held serious con verse with M. Guizot on the affairs of Spain. Concessions were made on both sides. As regarded the marriage of Queen Isabella, England withdrew the idea of proposing a Coburg, and France withdrew the Duke of Montpensier. It was agreed that the young Queen was to marry a descen dant of Philip V. As for the second marriage, the French Government engaged itself to adjourn the union of the Duke of Siontpensier with the Infanta until the Queen had presented Spain with an heir to the throne; but it was likewi - te understood that France was to be free of all engagement if a Coburg was again brought forward. In this maniocr the question was solved fur the future prosperity of Spain, and without disturbing the good understanding between France and England. This is what the upright and loyal-minded Lord Aberdeen had sincerely at heart. But there was a third person much interested in these matrimonial alliances, who was but little pleased with this arrangement. Queen Christina was canvinced that great inconvenience would arise if the two marriages, of the Queen and of the Infanta, were not concluded at the same time, that adjourning the second was leaving a door open to eventualities which might prove serious. The obstacles which presented themselves in the way of Count Trapani are well known. There was, fir a short time, a lull in the question of the maraiags. It was, no doubt, owing to those ceaseless difficulties that Queen Christina, tome months back, sent an agent to Prince Ferdi nand of Caburss, who was then residing at Lisbon with his sun Leopold. It will be easily guessed ' whether those overtures were listened to. if we are well informed, the British minister at Madrid enter: d into the plans of the Queen-Mother. Mr. Bulwer is a man of talent, and it has always been a point with him to endeavour to cutwit France, even at the risk of disturbing the existing harmony between the two cauntrir s. He set to work in the cause of the Prince of Coburg with a real which, it is said, called fo-tlt a reprimand from Lord Aberdeen. Lord Aberdeen re minded him of what had passed at the Chateau d'Eu ; and, in the uprightness of his heart, condemned projects which he was aware tended to compromise the good feeling between the two countries. Mr. Bulwer was so hurt at the disap probation manifested by his principal, that he offered to re sign. It was at this juncture of affairs that Sir 11. Peer and his colleagues retired from office. As soon as Lord Palmer ston was installed in the department for Foreign Affairs, the French government, it is asserted, made several communica tions to him concerning Spanish affairs. To numerous ques tions on this subject, Lord Palmerston replied only by silence or evasive answers. He professed unlimited respect for she absolute freedom of action of Spain, and at the same time he informed Mr. Bulwer that he only regarded three candidates as eligible for the hand of the Queen of Spain— namely, the Prince of Coburg, the Duke of Cadiz, and Don Enrique. It was thus that Lord Palmerston respected the independence of Spain, and cut out France altogether. French diplomacy was not to tolerate such a position. A struggle enmed between Mr. Bulwer and M. Bresson, in which the latter proved victorious." A telegraphic despatch, dated Marseilles, 18th October, and received on Saturday night by the French Government, announces that lteschid Paella is promoted to be Grand Vizier, and Ali Effendi appointed Minister for Foreign Affair", in the room of Iteseltid Pacha. The information was given from Therapia, under the date of September 28. M. de Bois Le Conite, French Minister at the Hague, will, it is stated, replace as Ambassador at Rome the Comte de Rossi, who will receive another appoint ment The latter arrived at Marseilles on the ith on his way to Paris. Le Mesaager publishes n report of Captain Brunt, late Governor of the French establishments in Oceania, dated Papeiti, Jure 3, 1816, giving an account of the late engagements between the French troops and the Otaheitans. It appears that the latter were successively dislodged from all their positions but the last. There were two days' fighting, on the 10th and 30th of May. The French lost two officers and six men; six officers and twenty-one non-com missioned officers and men were wounded. Our Madrid letters and correspondence to the Gth inst. have come to hand. They do not add any particulars to those we have already publishes. There are long details of the entry of the French Princes into Madrid on the Gth. They dined at the palace with the Queen, the Infanta, and a select party on the following day. The French Ambassa dor was to give a grand banquet and a splendid ball on the 15th inst. The Royal marriages have brought into Spain and Madrid a considerable number of foreigners. All the vehicles on the roads were engaged and the want of horses and mules has been such, that the ordinary mail has been, during the last week, several hours daily behind its time. Cabrera is said to be travelling through Spain under the name of Jose Lopez, a merchant of Madrid. His description has been sent to all the authorities, and if taken he will be instantly shot. CONSTANTINOPLE, Seer. 27. Upon the conclusion of the commercial treaty with Russia the Porte gave notice to the embassies of the other powers that the commercial treaties in existence with them would be handled in succession, beginning with the English treaty, for the purpose of revising their articles, and remodel ling them upon the basis of the Russian treaty. The English ambassador accordingly sent instructions to the various consulates to prepare a report, setting forth the advantages or disadvantages to be derived to British commerce from the changes which the Ottoman government contemplated intro ducing into the treaty of 1838. Most of the reports will be shortly sent in to the English minister, Mr. Wellesley. I understand that their general tenor is greatly opposed to the adoption of the Russian treaty: and all the British mer chants resident here are of opinion that our trade would be greatly damaged by the threatened remodelling of the con vention of 1838. The consular protests relate mainly to three heads. 1. They object to the prohibition, in the 6th article of the treaty—against any Russian engaging in retail trade, or setting up a shop—being extended to British subjecte : a great number of the latter, under the denomination of lonians and Maltese, being engaged in the retail trade, and having shops and magazines which hare been established here for many years. 2. They object to the Porte's reserving the right of stopping the exportation of grain whenever it may , find convenient to do so. This objection is evidently founded on the fear that the right in question will be frequently exercised, not for the purpose of protecting the subjects of the Forte against scarcity, but to influence prices, to profit by the sale of private exemptions from this restriction, and open up a field for other abuses. No doubt it is most desirable that such an arbitrary privilege should be as strictly limited as possible. But its exercise is occasionally allowed to all governments ; and to dispute the Porte's right to make use of a power which it regards as indispensable for the protection of its subjects, seems un reasonable, and woult certainly be futile. Meanwhile, some guarantee might be taken that the scarcity should be real and not pretended ; that the rule should be universally ap plied; that some date should be named for the termination of the prohibition to export; and that the grain intended to be subject to prohibition should be specified in the firmans, to prevent governors in the provinces from extending the restriction beyond the limits assigned by the Porte. These, I believe, were the precautions taken by Lord Ponsonby in the autumn of 1839, when ho received a notice from the Porte that the exportation of grain would be forbidden, in consequence of an apprehended scarcity. 3. They object to the monopolies sought to be established by the Porte on fish, leeches, alum, salt, snuff and tobacco. With regard to the last objection, I may observe that, no sooner was the treaty of 1838 concluded than endless disputes arose between the British consuls and the Ottoman governors concerning the question of monopolies. All monopolies were supposed to be done away with by tho treaty. This was found not to be the case. Merchants who bought leeches for exportation at Smyrna, had them seized by the kavasses of the governor, and delivered over to the leech-monopolist, who nod just concluded his contract for the ensuing year. Reclamations were made from the Governor Husain Bey, protests i-sued against hint, and emphatic representations sent to the Home Government. Leeches, said the governor, arc the property of the Sultan. I pay his Majesty so much for the, exclusive privilege of fishing for them in all ponds, lakes, and rivers of the district under my government ; and I reimburse myself by selling that exclusive privilege to some one else. Well ; the force of this reasoning was admitted by everybody. Leeches were pro- nounced to be private property just as legitimately as the fish in our rivers in England. Lord Palmerston. Lord Ponsonby, and Mr. Brant, our come] at Symrna, were all satisfied ; and the leech question was dropped. It was settled that we were not entitled to demand more than that the traffic in leeches should be free. But how the traffic in leeches was to be 1 free while leeches remained subject to a monopoly, it was not quite easy to see. Here then was a clear one of monopoly justified by the Turkish government, after the declared abolition of all monopolies by the treaty of 1833. With salt, alum, &c., it proved as with leeches. The same principle was made out for enforcing the monopolies in these articles : and we still had to 3 a ld. The fact is, that the whole Turkish fiscal system is based upon monopolies. Every source of revenue is farmed; and each farmer is a monopolist. At every turn the foreign merchant comes into conflict with these monopolies. Say you impart a quantity of coffee. You pay your 3 per cent. ail valorem duty and convey it into the interior for sale. There you find you can only sell your coffee to the coffeeimonopellst of the district you visit. You must either sell it to him or re-export it. All competition among consumers is annihilated. There remains but one check upon the mouopoliet, that he is obliged to sell his coffee at a certain fixed price. This obli gation to furnish the market at a certain price is at once a chance in favour of the foreign merchant, and a guarantee that the people will not be deprived of th. it coffee. Fur the rent, hove injuriously such a system of internal monopoly must act upon the external trade is obvious. At some future time I shall have to return to this subject. Mean while, it 6 highly desirable that more distinct notions should prevail with regard to the nature of m inopolies in Turkey, and that a Rae of demarcation should be drawn between such as are indispensable, in a sound fical sense, to the Ottoman government, as permanent sources of revenue, and such as are accidental and partial, and imposed simply at the caprice of some dishonest governor. Circulani have been sent from the British embassy to the various British consuls resident in different parts of the em pire, enjoining them to prepare reports with regard to the manner in which the administration of justice is carried en, as far as relates to British subjects, in their respective dis tricts, by the practice customary in Mahometan courts of law of rejecting Christian evidence. I hail occasion to call your attention to this subjectsome months ago, in a letter concern ing the trial of Sir Laurence Jones's murderers, against whom the only adeucible evidence was Christian: in conse quence of which they escaped with the comparatively light punishment of 3 yeses imprisonment, although these existed not the least question concerning their guilt. A trick recently resorted to by hlustapha Pacha, Governor of Candle, for filling his pockets at the expense of the people under his government, has come to light, and deserves ex posure. For a long time, the Porte has been desirous of re stricting as much as possible the circulation of foreign coin in its dominions. Bat, while it declares such currency an illegal tender, it stations throughout the empire Miner, called menbayadas, to buy up these coins on account of the government at a certain price fuel by a tariff. Now, it appears that Muetapha Pacha has taken advantage of the Porte's objection to the circulation of foreign coin, t i enforce the prohibition just at the moment of the conclusion of the oil harvest : but he has established no moubayadji what ever. This will prevent sides of oil from being made to foreigners, as the duty of nine per cent, at the time of sale can only be tendered in European money, which will not be received. This fraudulent exaasion of foreign competition enables him not only to buy up the oil at his own price, but to reap a proportionable profit upon the oil which is paid to him in kind by many eceamnakere, who are his debtors. After he has made his coup, he relaxes the prohibition upon the circulation of foreign c sin ; and see at an enormous profit. Two years ago, at the last oil harvest (far the olives only bear once in two years), this ingenious Pacha adopted the same means of turning a little money. But a trick may be played once too often : and the Sultan's government is not just at present to be trifleil with. Haul Pacha, director of the cannon foundry at Tophana, is about to be sent to London. He has been educated in Europe, speaks French and Feelieh with sufficient case, and is commissioned by Ahmed Felhi Pacha, the master of ord nance, to make purchases of machinery for the 'Artillery de pertinent. An Armenian of Ortakeni, who had been converted to Protestantism, having died on Saturday, his remains were carried the next day to the great burying ground, where they were interred with the Protestant forms of ritual. An im mense crowd of Armenians was present, and it was expected they would not line this occasion of venting their bigoted dis like of the American missionaries ant their coaver s. But they confined their opposition to groans and curses; and a few soldiers sufficed to maintain order. The papal government, I hear, is trying to get a consul established here through the irate-eat of France. We are glad to hear it reported, on the best authority, that Sir Stratford Canning is coming out as ambassador coin. M. de Bourqueney has addressed a ante to the Porte com plaining of the neglected conititain of the Albanian colonists at Mohalitch. But I hear from a gentleman who has lately visited them that there is not the least foundation fir such an accusation against the Turkish government, and that the colonists are in good health and well attended to. The long couferences which the repr.:sentatives of the English and Russian embassies have lately had with the Foreign Minister of the Porte upon the subject of the Per sian treaty, indicate the existence of a good deal of debate about the settlement of that question. I praeind to give you what I can acid of new to the details I have sent in for mer letters. A straight line drawn from Mount Ararat to the mouth of the Tigris will fall in pretty well with the frontier boundary of Turkey and Persia, as it it at present laid down in our maps, and as it has remained from the time of Nadir Shah to the present day. About the northern half of this line there is no dispute. Z ihab, one of the disputed districts, falls about its middle; and about half of the southern part of the same line will pass thpough the other disputed district of Mohamran. lam indebted to an excellent Turk ish authority for this account of the position of the district of Mohamran, a name which I cannot find in the best Eng lish French maps. According to the decision of the con ferences at Erzroum, Zohab was assigned to the Turk., and Mohamran to the Persians. There was also another article by which the Persians were bound to adopt the same scale of duties as the Porte. The reason why such an article was introduced is this. The Porte charges a duty of 12 per cent, upon export.% and 3 per cent. upon imports. She excuses the heavy proportion of the first tax by the necessity of some fiscal compensation for the abolition of her mono polies. Persia, on the other hand, retains her monopolies, and charges 5 per cent, upon exports, and 3 per cent. upon imports. Now the district of Mohamran has an extensive littoral upon the Persian Gulf, stretching from the mouth of the Tigris towards Bashir, and, it would seem, a convenient port near the river's mouth. The Turks are therefore afraid, unless the duties of the two countries are equalised, that merchants will take advantage, in case Mohamran should fat- to the Persians, of the lower Persian export duty, to ship their goods at the port of Mohamran, instead of at Bassera, as they have heretofore done. They go so far as to say that under such an arrangement the trace of Bassora, which has been of late years rapidly declining, would be then ruined altogether. At present the customs of Basel= are valued at 250,000 piastres. The Porte therefore refuses to give up its claims to Mohsmrak, unless Persia adopts the export duty of 12 per cent. As the mediatory Powers would not consent to such a change without the abolition of the monopolies of Persia, to which she clings as one of the sources of her revenue, the question evidently assumes nth( r a knotty ap pearance. For the rest, the Turks lay much more store by Mohamran than rehab, a territory comparatively fruitless to them by the intractable nature of the Kurdish tribes which inhabit it, and from which tribute can only be ex trectei at the sword's point. In fact, the Paellas of Bagdad and Moral are at this moment at war with the hereditary Pacha of Rawardour, a district which lies immediately:to the north of Zuhab. Another reason which the Turks give for insisting on their claim to Mohamran is, that the cession of the lower Tigris to the Persians would bo establishing a per petual source of contention between the two nations about the navigation of the river. I have to mention with regret the death of Mr. Churchill, a correspondent of one of the London morning papers, and editor of the Turkish journal Djeride Havadis. Mr. Church ill's name is probably familiar to the English public, as being connected with an occurrence that brought out, a few years back, some characteristic features of Turkish rule. In con sequence of having shot a Turk, by accident, in some part of his body, however, where the wound did not prove mortal, or even highly dangerous, Mr. C. was seized by the Turkish police, cruelly maltreated, and thrust into a dungeon in the Baguio. But Lord Ponsonby, warmly taking up his cause, and insisting upon the fullest reparation for the outrages he had suffered, the Turkish government, on restoring Mr. C. to liberty, presented him with a monopoly of oil. This pri vilege he immediately sold for a considerable sum, which constitutes at present the main provision for the support of the numerous family that deplore his loss. ITALY.—ROME, SErr. 26.—The Austrian ambas sador, Count Lutzow, was to lento en comij on the 27th ; he is to be replaced ad interim by M. Ohm, councillor to the embassy. Count Rossi, the French ambassador, also leaves en cowl. The new Portuguese; ambassador. Abigues de Crux, was waited upon on the 25th by the high clergy and the corps diplomatiquc. M. de Buteneff, the Russian ambassa• dor, and Count Spaur, the Bavarian ambassador, are returned from their journey to southern Italy. Baron Cunitz, the Prussian ambassador, has left en con7e for Ger many. Cardinals Altieri and Amat are appointed legates for Bologna and Ravenna. A letter from Romagna states, that the Austrian garrisons in the fortresses of Ferrara and Comacchio (Roman States) have been greatly reinforced. General Ra.letzki, Commanderin-chief of the Austrian troops in Italy, made a personal inspection of the two fortresses, and ordered new works to be erected. The Austrian squadron, under the orders of the Archduke Frederic, is still cruizing in the Adriatic. The commis sioners appointed at Bologna to collect aid for the liberated primners has sent M. Martinelli to Rome to beseech the pardon of those political (genders incarcerated in 1843, to the number of about one hundred. It is generally supposed that this will be granted, as also a full pardon to those prisoners belonging to the army, clergy and public officers, excluded from the first amnesty. ROME.—The Tuscan Government has at length consent( d according to the wishe of the Vienna cabinet, to appoint its own ambassador to the Papal See. M. Bargagli, of Florence, is considered likely to be the new ambassador. This may be principally attributed to the Tuscan government haying given shelter to the insurgents at the time of the insurrection at Rimini. The Queen of Holland was ex pected at Rome with Prince Alexander. A letter from Naples announces the arrival there of the Hanoverian repre sentative at Rome, M. de Kellner, to conclude a treaty of commerce and navigation with the Neapolitan government. It is said that Sweden intends forming a similar treaty. GERMANY.—PRUSSIA.—BERLIN, OCT. 4.—The want of money is still felt considerably on the Berlin Bourse. There was a report at Berlin that Dr. Goetze was to succeed M. Duesbcrg as minister of state. WritrEMBERG.—STIITTGARD.—It is stated, on good authority, that the Wurtemberg government has sent well-instructed persons to Hungary and to America, to make large purchases of corn, and that they had voted three million florins for that purpose. SEPT. 23.— Michael Obrenowitch, late Prince of Servia, has obtained from Austria, and Russia permission to visit his estates in Wallachia, a pact of which the family intend ti sell, Prince Michael will shortly go there, and not to give the preient Servian government any ground for suspicion, he will not take the road along the Danube, but he will go by land. His stay in Wallachia is fixed fur six weeks. BOHEMIAN FRONTIERS, SEPT. 29.—According to accounts from Bosnia, the whole population, including the Mahometan Slavonians, is in such a state of excitement, that serious disorders are expected, and that an attempt to acquire independence, encouraged by Semis, mar probably soon be made. French travellers have lately been frequently observed in the country. One of them was lately put in prison by the Paella of Banjaluka, because he c;uld not give a satisfactory account of the object of his journey. The example of the in creasing prospenty of the principalty of Servia has great influence. Thus the Ottoman empire, at least in Europe, is tending more and more to its dissolution. SCIILESWIG, HOLSTEIN, AND 1./ENMARK.—Sir, Your remarks upon the letter of "A Native of Schleswig, Holstein," London, September 26th, in your paper of the 6th inetint, and the pains you have taken to inform your countrymen of the true state of the present struggle between the Danes and the Germans, make me hope that you will accept the few statements I think it right to offer in regard to the assertions in the above-mentioned letter, is addition to what the leading article contain.. The writer says in his letters that "the party in Detunat limited the Propaganda have occasioned the pertinacious efforts of Schleswig and Holetein to defend their rights be measures tending to denationalise the inhabitant. , of the duchies." The fact is this: The inhabitants of Schleswig are descendants of the banes; they have for centuries maintained their custom', hare, and language as distinct from their southern neighboure,though the politi cal connexion and elates intercourse between echleewig and Holstein tended strongly to germanise them. Ever since the now existing union of Schleswig with Denmark, 123 yeare ago, this influence from the south did not discontinue, and the Danish government eeemed entirely heedleee of theenenuelies of foreign language and foreign inte rests. • This was, however, not to be wondered at so king as the royal family itself maintained its predilections for the German languoge and their Gelman connexions. Until the end of Christian VII.'. reign, German was the court language; the army was commanded in Ger man, royal ordonnanees issued in German, German immigrants ob tained emploneent, and distinctions. Such • state of thing, it wa." the duty of a just government to change, and from the beginning of this century reveralmessurm of the government tended to re-establish the Danish language in it. rights. Nevertheless, justice was not yet done to the Danish langua c m in the north of Schleswig ; but the civil officers and the clergy, educated in Germany and brought up in German ideas; eontinu dto administer their offices in German, so that in many parts of the ceuntry the people could not understand either the proceedings at the courts of law nor the sermons in their churches. The order of the present king that all civil officers in the parts of Schleswig where Danish KM the language of the inhabitants should, within a certain time, learn the Danish language, In order to hold the courts in the language of the people, was mit obeyesl, and every means taken to frustrate the intentions of the government. Thu• ' ( drat, the aevocatee agreed not to plead any cause in Daniel h. Under such eireurret.nces, the Inhabitants of Den mark felt that their lueruam most necessarily be destroy's'', their kinsmen forced to adopt the tongue of their encroaching neighbourn if they did not obtain a more active assistance than that of royal orders and admonition,. A root number of men or all ranks in Ikeunark joined then in a union for the purpose of distributing Danl , h books, and establishing Ilbrarieas, in Northern Schleswig, attionmit the people whose language still was the Danish. Tee. smote:it:on had, as you may expoet, a great progress, and it was OHM enables' powerfully to :asset the inhabitant, in their entletebure to establish a higher school in the north of Schleswig. So far from efforts to deradionallee the inhabitants of the duchies, the effort. were directed merely against We Mettle from the other side to denatienalise the t) :dish population ' in Northern Schleswig. Of Holstein there can be no question, in this country has never ilAti any Danish inhabitant+, nor h to it in :my way been e,meentel in the measures of the government, anti of the I eanish nation, to maintain the Danish language. You will, therefore, I hope, acknowledge, that there is on the sate of the Dates net even " on ardent worship of old nationality," ' , AI loot " an antigmuian and pedantic mania, perverted into a little tyranny." As to "the inexpe diency of incorporating these German provinces with the Danish." Why should the inhabitant. of Schleswig and lloldein net wish to resist it, if ever it be attempted ! But at the present moment they can spare their energy and valour, as such an intention is as far front the Danish gmernment as from themselves; the two declarations of the King, of the 6th of July and 16th of September, this year, clearly prove his will to respect the ',pirate rights of thew two countries. The government ha• certainly been led into the fault of attempting to aesenitate the mean:try emtem of the two duchies with that of I /en mark, by changing the frictions of the former into frictions similar to those of the latter, but having expetienc d several failures, the government itself has abandoned this scheme, and has now brought forward a plan for changing the fraction, of the Danish dollar, eor - responding in value to those nee.l in the duchies. The King it IR thus showa his readiness to remedy the grievances of the people, whenever he finis them just. The wriser is afraid of being carded too far bventer ing upon the diemlytnteires which the introduction of Danish finance, and Danish system of taxation would eau•e." Ile is terteinly right In his discretion, because therein still less reason for such inquiry than fur am other of his wanton dascumiltili, as there has hitherto not been any question of introducing sire alteration in the state of the countries. The "device of the lionise government to suppress the military wheel in S .hlestrig-lfolstein," is a topic I cannot say anything of, ny memory only reaching back to the beginning of this century ; it must then have happened upwards of half a century ago, and for reason, that two such institutions were found too much for so small a state ; that " commiseions in the army are granted to Danes alone" is false; when fewer llolsteinere and Sekleswigers than Danes enter the army it is not the fault of the government, but can be explained by several circumstances, without referring it to political partiel.ty, and in the +erne way is also t o be explained the fact that few but Danes, and amonwmt these few young men from the remoter parts of the country', enter the navy. One of thechief cause , may be that the seheols for both branches of the military force are at Copenhagen ; consequently further away from the homee of the inhabitants of the declass; but it thes lie muitilient for accusing the government, the inhabitants of Jutland might make the same complains, and surely the only remedy would he to e.tsbilsh a military vim' In eve y province. The higher claw, of the inn detente in those two provinces wean not to have more leaning towards the naval profession than their southern Neighbours, who do nut appear to have the natural dispasition that forms a sailor, and, therefore, in spite of the wishes and attempts of a powerful king, never will ba able to form a navy. The advantages of a navy are, however, deeply felt by the merchants and shipowners of these countries, and the shipowners of Fieneherg, Apenrade, Su I, and Altona, would soon regret the tore of the protection of the Danish 11 or. Have not the Zollvereie tried by all aorta of inducements to make Denmark join the league and become their "Admiralitets steal!" The Angthurger Zeitung has opened its columns for a series of articles on this subject, and you may hear functionaries in Berlin my that they (PrwsairO will sure be obliged to have Deumerk. The oreans of the public opinion in Germany arc daily contending for the nee's:Ay of a German fleet, of German seaports, and maritime influence, and is it not this aim that, amongst other emeiderationa, induces the govenunent to indulge the passions of the people, as in this instance, serving their own interests and purposes!! We respect as much as any "the peeeeveringdefenceof rights, and the opposition to their violation," but when the writer, and all who sewed on that sale, step forward as if they were the only defendersof rights, they alone victims of oppression and injustice, we are celled upon to oppose them, and to testify for the world that in the Duchy of Schleswig about half the number of the inhabitants are of Daniih descent, speak Danish, and feel themselves bound to the Danes with the some ties of kindred and of friendship as do their southern neighbours to Germany ; that they have for centuries suffered inroad, of foreign habit", foreign lan guage, and ideas • that they suffered all the eonsempt a nation consi dering herself at ideas; head Of civilisation and enlightenment, of litera ture and science, likes to heap upon three she thinks beneath herself, until these insults awakened them and their kinsmen in Ikeunark to consciousness of their rights, and taught the government the necessity of preserving them, if they would preserve the love and confidence of the people. The writer Faye, " When the Duke of Auguetenberg ascends the Danish throne, our rights are sure to be respected." llow does he know this? Where has the. Duke, up to this moment, shown his strong respect for the rights of others? Where him he proved himself a prince of high and powerful mind, a man who in the feeling a what he owes to himaelf and his position, knows to give others what is due to them ? Has his whole career not much rather been that of a disappointed partisan, who prefers to gra'ify his own vanity by trebl ing applause of the leaders of the Opposition, and flattering the wishes of a party, and to show his own self-imagined intellectual superiority by a momentary triumph ? lii, last presenting at his castle confirms this, and no Dane can any longer enjoy his hospitality without in fringing hie dutie., as a Wail subject. The Duke's Late alliance with his former opponent, the (intent of Pmt, cannot glee hie cause any strength in the eyes of the people of Schleswig and Holstein, whatever it may do with the nobility. It is only u proof that also this man, formerly the proud defender of the rights of the duchies, has forgotten his duty, and 14 fallen from his lofty position down to that of a partisan of a self-imagined pretender, at whose petty court his high mind will never find remuneration for what be has abandoned. We need nut wait to see the Duke of Augustenherg ascend the Danish throne— and how should this happen! To be sure of our rights being re specter!, we have a King who, from the first day be took this affair in his own hawk; bag shown that it is his firm intention to respect the rights of all his subject', and to do justice to all his people. This he has solemnly declared, and his deeds have answered to his words. A new energy has been infused into the government, and when "the professors and advocates" have been brought back to their true poet tion, the government will be enabled to grant what they consider right; be it, however, that "the native of Schleswig-Holstein" and his friends will only see concessions to Menet., Count Preetz and Co., in " the measures of Christian 1111., that indicate respect for the German nationality."— THE SON or A NATIVE or SCILLYSWIO.-oo tuber 11th, 164 e. HOLLAND.—TUE HAGUE, Ocr. 7.—Yesterday, at twelve o'clock, the rMlway from this town to Delft was opened by a train which went to that place and back for the first time by way of trial, which, we are happy to say, was perfectly satisfactory. ZIOOLLE, Ocr. 7.—ln this province, it is to be ob served, a considerable number of cattle has been exported to England. Thus, during the summer there have been several droves, amounting already to 3,000 sheep, which have been sent to Harlingen, thence to be embarked for England. - TURKEY.—AnaI.NOPLE, SEPT. 18.—This town hag been visited with another dreadful conflagration ; in three hours and a half five hundred shops, three khans, and other buildingi fell a prey to the flames. The Jews arc now completely destitute of everything. might del should en soon and been take of the hal Cernien In tine It that were e espreased payable in granary as our labour o f value, 'n etandard o the rupee` In novae i 4 many Ben plain the whir d: decided o lath June depotata, d dutely rr nand thug leavii boon In beta debts arc worth Fit. and Ii been pain been paid were le;tia-a-enell e n Z d ti E Spe lk : A ft i a c t i , j or p w . e of the 16 " ... 'asA as- lh COLONIAL. RANOIHAEATA'S ATTEMPT TO SURPRISE TISE OUTPOST.— We have received from - ees n cILo n ec um ted ben na o rra f th tiv e e N o no f NEW e eaW e la ve May. This enables us to present our readers 16th measure to infer from the letters and "seen of ti e and 27th May, formerly received. 'We 21 4 bi*nning. - -eat int" 1 4 1 Early en the month of May Ranperaha inform e d we Richmond, superintendent of the Wellington die ' O lO Major Last, the officer in command of the troop s —. Cu Itti gihacata intended to attack the settlement. "eee . -"' were, "An attack will be made on the Hutt; 11 1, 13 --11 ach (Wellington) take precautions." Be profell' Yet tention to remain neutral. About the same ti ne - 1 1 1 4 e tendered the services of his tribe to the sup e e e keep watch up the Hutt, and, if provided witltu-',4 ammunition, to resist any attempt at intrusion ' h e s t natives. The offer was refused ; and the old ehie t son, affronted at the distrust of their intentions te'era their refusal , announced their determination t o tale no pet in the impending struggle. Major Richmond standing these warnings from friend and foe, ish d e d -- 7, Wellington militia on Monday, th e 11 t h of lisy ul ; te l e the soldiers in the camp on the Hutt; and l e f t a we-7= militia and police stationed et T a it a , a b out three ma. , the camp, under the command of a serjeant. On the morning of Sunday, the 10th of May the force stationed at Porirua proceeded u p the arm of the harbour to reconnoitre Itangikeatese er e e 7 "" sad the foremost boat approached w ithi n a dart deit em e, his Pa. They were fired upon by th e natives: thsydie.: return the fire, and effected their retreat 'without kis % a heavy one from the natives. About the same tie s E'Puni's people, sent to Porirua t o spy out It ' -"`" movements, brought back word that that chief al men from Otaki , . Wanganui, and oth er places, 1.6, I.`4,__ to repair to l'onrua, under pretence of holding a my a chief lately dead. They w ere expected to a l ""` e , strong, and were to march to the Hutt and eetabtia tl selves at Taita. This information was cotnmunicatsa Major Richmond. On Friday, the 11th of M . May, me„,,, — • one of the principal chiefs of Pipit ea Pah, sabre Major Richmond to warn him of his danger, and o fk, services of his tribe. The offer was declined• The intendeut, although aware that an overt act of Magee% been committed by Rangilmeata, and altho ug h k that the first attack would be made on the Bett yllisak precautions. The officer in command of th e t roops at Wellington. m il At daybreak on the morning of Saturday, the lei, May, a body of natives, about 200 in num b er, arsine valley of the Hutt, with the intention of surprieia g o h; ting off the detachment of the :atth stationed about no e l above the Hutt bridge. Of this party (finles-, number), fourteen were posted in Mr. llouleott's bai t I. rest were dispersed in tents and buildings in the m e ' diate neighbourhood. Lieut. Page (the officer in COjtW with his servant, occupied Mr. Boulcott's house. h Datives were led by Kaparetehau. The first due e given by a sentinel, who, hearing a noise, fired her se • - and endeavoured to rouse the picquct. Immedittelitei heavy volleys were poured into the tents in reed succession by the natives, who rushed on stil t ,: yells to complete the work of destruction. 5, soldiers were tomakawked in one tent. One of them, se was bugler to the company, seized his bugle, but, whys in act of sounding it, a blow from a tomahawk disabled batik arm and struck him to the ground. He seized the ace meat with the other hand and attempted to sound ix, vie a second blow nearly severed his head from his body. la tenant Page, with some difficulty, cut his way thrassia natives who had surrounded the house, and put bia l if g the head of the men who had rallied from the antsselat houses. The 14 soldiers in the barn, with perfeetcoisa and self-poseession, divided themselves into two yaw of seven each, who fired by turn, and thin retreated* the barn to reload. In the midst of true engagement tag of the militia disbanded on the previous Idendayjoisedi soldiers, who were inspired with fresh courage, tree by tis slight reinforcement. The natives, believing that mote siatance was at hand, were proportionably dispirited, sad re way. After a smartly-contested action, they retired am the river, carrying with them their dead and wined( The loss on the part of the troops was six killed and %s wounded. Their names are: killed : Lowe-Ceran James Dockrell ; privates William Allen, Robert Peek Thomas Bolt, J. M'Fadden, T. Sonham. Wounded: Imo Serjeant E. Ingram (severely) ; Privates Patrick Bens Themes Taylor, John Ward. The total mom a • killed and wounded among the assailants is believed to hat been thirteen. They deny that any were killed,* affirm that only one of them was wounded. The tai to we completely riddled with bullets; the Mnories firing belga belief that the soldiers were in bed. One party tired semi volleys into Mr. Bculcott's house, Mr. Bentsen himself*. rawly escaped, and a ball struck his servant, Th ease Bs man, while rising from his bed. The ball etas ertned but the man died of the wound on the 21st. The only.* settlers disturbed on the occasion were Mr. and k Whardie. The natives entered their house and drove du from it, lint without inflicting any personal injury. Tr party at Taita effected their retreat, and joinei the hop without opposition. As soon as the dispatch come* intelligence of the attack reached Wellington Mat Last directed 10 men of the 9%h to premed to Is stockade at the Hutt-bridge, and sent orders ‘n to Caw Nerdy iu command of that poet, to advenee • lie men to support their comrades. Immediately alcove Major Last, with Major Richmond, repaired to Jaime/ action. On his arrival he found the natives keeping las straggling fire on the troops from the bush on tho wawa side of the river. The order was given for the soldiem advance in extended line, and drive them from the Mt E. Puni, who accompanied Major List (haring been ys ensiled to relinquish his de-ign of standing aloof), was ma struck with the gallant manner iu which this manceurre is executed. During the whole of Saturday and Sandey the. tivea continued to occupy the position originally orcupiedl! the troops, about half a mile in advance of Mr. Baikal section. On Saturday they robbed WHardie's house, tlkt his pigs for food, and took away or destroyed all hi: proper On Monday they returued to Porirua, to ()beeline' ti a message from liangihacata, who had not accompanied thee in persan. The accounts which we published on . Sattedse ' have convinced the most anxious that ample preemies had been taken to ensure the safety of all the settlers. Tit many parties who have addressed inquiries to us at rest assured that all the fatal casualties have been no . merated above. During the whole of Saturday, bower it will be easily believed the town of Wellington was a a - most painful state of alarm and excitement. On Swathe hundred stand of arms were sent over to Petani, forthe sat B Puni's tribe. On Monday the natives of the Pas, at Water. Pipitea, and Tearo were also supplied with anus. The arra* meats of the confederate native andlßritishforces,wepablidr on Saturdae . . Ranaibactea was busy strenghthening the: knees of his Pa at Pawaitanganui. The fidelity of e • Hgatiawa, and their arming in defence of the British, t , disconcerted him. Friendly natives, however, con anen T., send him supplies of provisions, Kauperaba among the On the 17th of May n large canoe, etrrying sueplies ts was chased by the police-boat, but escaped. The satires,` . soon as they landed, spread the report that they . bad eke the Pakeha boat, and nearly succeeded in capturing it The natives are palm. d under the command of lie. DPI Scott, who will act as the organ of communication betwer them and the commanding officer. They are inu aka. form a sort of guerilla corm fighting with the enemy el its own fashion, and falling back on the troops, in case due for support and assistance. Great dissatisfaction was felt by the natives at the mho ot able description of arms supplied to them from the peen r fails judgment went stores. The equipment of a new Zcalande regi eterei musket, and a cartouchebn • fight is very simple. A good number). contain his ammunitiou, strapped round his waist, are e. lord, two he requires. But so little preparation against anyemoseo a upon the has been made by tke superintendent that a great props .• mint of t of the muskets delivered to th^ natives were returned . from the fit for use, the ammunition had been formerly wet , sad 7 communit unserviceable, and there were very few cartouche-bola fs two nem the supply of our allies : the greater part of the tnrtostM but the v: boxes given out to the natives were obtained from 7 . • by i company's stores. It will hardly be believed out of ela tfie only II Bement, that although the militia have been called 011li e. SS but a cluii the destruction of Kororarika, now a period of fifteen molt when the and have been or less employed during this interv al, The claim have not even yet been supplied with scabbards for mid the bayonets. The greater body of the natives bele:urine t,e rti rooms on t pas in Wellington went over to Petoni on Tuesday , and not coma now encamped between die stockades and Mr. not, as sue section. The number of friendly natives under Nr. pose of cot amounts to nearly 250 men. They had a war dash,. the Retort Wednesday evening, and speeches were made by the or' expressive of their detTmination to make common. er: K e •i n u: fo ","; wo Walt Er LANE this color the reser on tho iu the new with the settlers. " Why," they v acid, " should; Rsitw some of our own people are killed before we take np geo? It is true we may remain here and not be attacked, but la we to allow our pakehas, our friends, to be killed before ve, face ? No—we will show our love to the pakebse, eu‘ identify our interest with theirs." MAURITIUS. , TILE BASK OF MAURITIUS . — From the Itatltitt-. we have received files to the 23rd of Jule. The most her tant item of intelligence relates to the affairs of the local Be; the stoppage of which our Indian correspondent stineo7, in general terms a month ago. A general meet in g of shareholders in the Mauritius Bank was hell at Port I. on the Bth July, to decide upon the necessity of the Pe?° ll , of the two-fifths of each share ordered be the beard of de6 tors ; to demand an inquiry into the situation of the bear to name a committee of three for that purpose ; to ssoil ia . if the bank would continue its operations or wind, uP affairs ; sad to reduce the expenses of the establ ish The examination of the first point was preceded by in 7,, planation from the president, in which he attributed •• embarrassments of the establishment to the moneta7 in force in the colony, to the war waged by the local go"— rs, meat against the banks for several Team a nd to the OZ. tinual disappearance of specie principally owing to Ir. labourers. The evil is such, according to the ~ P; sident, that the hanks arc perpetua ll y besiegee _ , cash their notes, although the custom-house feet: show that 1,200, 000 dollars have been imported n: the last twelvemonth. The introd uc tion had, ho wew i much decreased of late in consequence cf the high », • exchange with India where the Sikh war had co usitltnw raised the value of the rupee. This last c i rcu mstance •,'," deprived the bank of all power of providing itsell •heak specie, even in rupees. As to English co in, the had to pay 100,000 dollars of it monthly , to holders r, notes, during the latter months! From this state of tr: resulted a deficiency of specie, which had o bliged the to make a call for the two-fifths demandable according t° of conditions of the Charter. The meeting aPP o ' sed r c demand for two-fifths. The second and third Os", not pressed, as the Vice-President was liberal in the 1." mation he gave as to the situation of the bank, p , also to give to each individual s hareholder what de w — .IWe e colonial tr grant nAti ntsti returning It will be tuna int( dig, wort minerale, talent:deli ben S or MI Land Counh! bo nth of paid by by virtue you* of t of Wake and of ull I alio:, ; foot , Witne. WIN. Dowag of li , ts , l . the Quet Hie Weimar, and Lor, Cantle to II is Lady J, The 1 Li txpeci Royal 11 the Priv of Saxe de Wey attend d wards al Thai] bridge, •nd Ora Highnt, day (ri Cishiole Cambrie the beet lioY: ha sigh and Iht , month, Mr. int( rvi'•t Palmeri desuciat] Lord yest,rda , The of the Ikspi Office ft, and the TIIV. &mem Captain we untie hut. 17 which it a neon( marriage Em., any to the 1)