The Express. — London, England, 1859-01-27 00:00:00

HARMONIUMS -NSW MODEL- , MLR, iri Oa. 1111. Lessialiseili et, Ox9reoo. TO CORRESPONDENTS. dvortionowito Wooded tot " TMll=7 4.l... Lca u t , a Itrewisig Paper, moat oi the Mow, 10, by Two o'Clock cm the day at publiooliow. Tim Nmuto, LATZSlWai l taTeig. 1111. MI MI. Ev iir miLaj... 6ol llW HOODI4r, a lrag . uslatt VC . = 7.7.'';7= ROYAL ISIIMINILOIIII4 n 00VERT T.E.Nvonva.ttATANulaa:se.TroPiosoret Lem Ymallielok EarmerZaThVa li gra l iW s := .. a ll".. / . 77r• Bersen. 1141*.0.11larami. Mt. VAIrIiLaIIKIIP. d r as AM m i i. 4 ladig:l l i a ls at a ; too 1.7-4.6 TIM mums. rmaiiik ---- • l i crweitu MESa.4..l 3 =_=...T. • ' Tan Imam TRIO 511411 91 6 . for. refliMM ItirTAIMIL Tar Z•volve-PZl aw@ of llolllPll4ooolt D 14114117133 I7ITI sit,lllseval Took Id Jar lash: Yea la" VOW Weft impear—AM TSB BE/OMM MITIOII. )I:. Orognit am mynas AT LONDON BEIDOI. r ei gz amaim masima, Vs. LONDON. THURSDAY, JAN. 27. WIITLIF the eteady stream of events seems to set unmistakeably towards war, and the fickle eddies of rumour fluctuate confusedly between war and peace, it may be as well to consider some of the strategic aspects of the possible struggle. Desirable as the ex pulsion of the Austrians from Italy may be, it is idle to disguise the difficulties which stand in the way of such a The end to be attained—the eviction of the Austrian. from Lombardy—must be accomplished, if at all, by force of arras. The Auatrian army in Northern Italy has bees abed to some 130,000 t it is composed of soldiers in a state of admirable discipline, and is commanded by generals of great science and experience, aided by probably the beet staff in Europe. National maths maim is unquestionably a great element of swam ; but it is not everything. It may therellars be me tal to state succinctly the position occupied by the Austrian troops in Lombardy, and to explain the strategetical problem which, in the event of war, awaits solution. According to some writers, the mere existence of 400,000 men on the master-roll of the French army Implies war. But is this so ? Let us consider the matter. The EMPEROR cannot do with fewer than 130,000 in and around Paris; he must maintain ananny of 70,000 men in Algeria ; he must retain a large Ms* near I.rmi; he must garrison sufliciently the great fortresses which guard his eastern frontier; he her his Boman garrison ; he must protect his dockyards; and besides all this he must maintain his reserves. If the EMPIIOII is to continue that system of government which now prevails in France, he can hardly do so without an army of something like that which he now possesses. Indeed, so far from the mere existence of an army of 400,000 French soldiers necessarily leading to the anticipation of an Italian war, it might almost be adduced ea an argument to prove that NsrotzoN has no real intention of embarking in any such hazardous undertaking. Bat let as seams that he is prepared to moss the Alps with 130,000 men, and that in the plains of Turin he will be joined by 40,000 Sardinian troopa. The allied army will then amount to 170,000 nes. And the thing to be douse is to drive the 130,000 Austrian troops to the teat of Venice. Now the Austrian provinces of Lombardy are protected by a tripl- line of defences, every one of which is of the moat formidable character. In the first plies there is the line of the Ticino, which ex tends from the Lago Maggiore to Pavia, a strong lbrtress. The distance occupied by this line is about 46 English miles. To convey an army of 170,000 across such a river as the Ticino is by no means an easy enterprise: but to do so within a space of 45 miles, and in the face of a large army, commanded by able generals, requires more skill than was dis played by any French officer before Sebastopol. But even after the Ticino is passed, the fortress of Milan, lying eastward within 20 miles of that river, must bu captured. Such, then, is the (root line of defence : a river difficult to cross, flanked by a lake on the one side and a fortress on the other, and supported in mor by another strong fortress. The we, snd line of defence is that of the Minis, some ninety English miles east of the line of the Ticino. This line extends from the Lego di Garda, or rather from the strong fortress of l'eschirra, for twenty-eight miles southward across the plain of Lombardy, past the impregnable fortress of Mantua, to the Po. Even the great NAPOLZON could not soled,* Mantas, strong in its earthworks, stronger still in its dams and dykes, strongest of all is the mortal malaria of its marshes. Pesehterahas recently been raised to the utmost strength, and is amply provisioned against reduction by blockade. Such is the line of the Miucio. The third line of defence is that of the river Adige, which is defended by the great en trenched camp of Verona. This camp has been constructed according to the most scientific prin ciples. It consists of a eerie, of round forts, so placed as to command each other, but so numerous that the whole of them can never be invested. The consequence is that the Austrians, even if driven back upon Veriaa, will not only have their retreat secured—for Verona commands all the wade, north and east, to the Dannbe and Vienna—but will be so placed all to compel the enemy to fight them behind their entrenchments. Every one now knows how impossible it was to take Sebastopol so long as the retreat across the harbour was secure, and the Rus sians WIT, able to fight behind entrenchments, and to repair their losses. The lame difficulties will harass the allied army in Italy, with this peen liarity, that there will be no means of cutting off the Austrian retreat. Such, then, are the three libel which must be pasted by an army advancing upon the Austrians from Novara and the plains of Turin. The ground which must be traversed is not unknown. Nay, it is the: very text-book from which every general of these days has learnt the principles of war : it was the military parade ground of Itsuirtsne—the field where, in peace, he constantly manrruvred,and where, in war he led his troops to victory. It was here that General HE , . learnt and practised, under his great master, that science of strategy in which he became so proficient that in 1849, being entrusted to draw up the plan of the short, feel campaign, he indicated Novara as the probable spot en which the decisive battle would be fought. It is easy for rhetoricians to talk of sweeping the Austria" he out of Italy, but no strategist will say that the pluming three lines of defence such as have bete &merited is a simple matter. It will need emuusomate skill aid devoted gallantry. Nee is it probable that as Mader each as NIEL, now at Turin, will be slow to enlighten his muter as to the delicacies and the dangers of the attempt. It may, perhaps, be suggested that the French army might advance from Rome upon the Po, es as to avoid the necessity of crossing the Ticino. But Rome is three hundred miles to the south of the Po, and the time sonsumed by a French army travers ing that distance would suffice to allow the Austrian army to sesame the offensive. That army might eras the Ticino in overwhelming numbers, crush the Piedmontese army, and be ready on the banks of the Po to receive the French from the south. Nor is this all. The Po, it must be observed, covers the left flank of each of the three hoes of defence which have been described. In order to succeed, therefore, in turning the Austrians by • flank movement, the Po must be Grosse& This is a most difficult and hazardous enterprise : nor should it be forgotten that even the great NaroLnort never once succeeded in crossing that river in the face of the enemy. He was compelled to have recourse to stratagem. Let it not be supposed that these remarks have been made from any desire to damp the ardour of Italian liberators or the aspirations of Italian patriots. They are dictated by motives the very reverie of these : the first secret of success is, not to despise the enemy. If the great enterprise of freeing Italy from the Austrians is to be accom plished, the enterprise must be undertaken with a due sense of its difficulty. At all events, it is no ex travagant idea to suppose that its difficulties—mani fest as they must be to the French generals—may have had something to do with whatever hesitation say from time to time be apparent in the councils of the French Florio& We are requested to state that Mr. Gladstone has accepted the Lord High Commissionership of the lonian Wands, though his tenure of that office will be of extremely short duration. He wee to open the Session of the lonian Parliament on the 25th instant. About the beginning of the second week in February he will be recalled, and his successor ap pointed. so that although his temporary acceptance of office vacates Mr. Gladstone's seat for the Uni venity of Oxford, hs will be re-eligible by the time a fresh election can take place I while the primary msesuree conaected with the better admin et the Island. will be introduced with greater ad vantage by him than by any eneemser to ha adios. We are authorised to state that Sir M. Saws, late puisuk Judge of the Supreme Court at Bombay, has been promoted to the Chief Justiceship of that court; the vacant puiant judgeship has been offered to, and accepted by, Mr. Joseph Arnould, of the Hams Circuit. Mr. Arnould is well known is legal and commercial circles as the author of a standard work ea mercantile law, the " Treatise on Marine Inetwasse and Average.* bt Court. -4.-... WINDSOR. JAL 26. The Duchess of Kent dined with her Mijesty yesterday, attended by lady Few Hewed sad M Victoria Wortls7. The Priam. Mies ate Maid with the Qom. The petty tadatted the lenewiag visitors, who method is the atirlioo4l —The Duke sad Dauber of Rkh maid sad Lady Cecilia Gordon Liam; sad Lori sod Lady Colchester. Major Elphinatana, R.E., had the honour of being ft The band of th. Tod Las Gunk played during dinner I s.d aadnz i rr us t Delmr. Dias . . Her liajesty's prlesei hod adketrerde performed In the Draviag-reees the followlag pleas : M Redeag llorelk awl Leisagitii " Warn, Ilinellos. 9111Nries la • lMMitu TY Qom, with Aimee= Mks, woad awl drove Wm mant (Y SU Bogor park. The Prima Coral wet oat shooting. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the residence of the Chancellor of the Exche quer, la Downing-street. The Ministers present were : —The Earl of Derby, the Right Hon. B. Disraeli, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of Salisbury, the Earl of Hardwick., Mr. Seenttary Walpole, the Earl of Malme•bory, Sir E. Bawer Lytton, General Peel, Lord Stanley, Sir John Pekin ton, the Right Hon. J. W. Henley, and Lord John A denlatiaa of Austrialea goattlassa bad is isterviaw with OW E. Sabra 1 4 ittaa yasbiallay, at liw Calsoisl-aias. The &pandit= essZnel ei Mr. Y. H. Mardi, M.P., Sir William IL Masa*, Sir Henry Watson Parker, lb. Wentworth, Mr. Reeve, Mr. Griffiths, Mr. Glomla, Mr. Challis, Mr. Plower, Mr. Lama, Mr. Debbi, Mr. Omega P. Lads, Mr. P. Labs, Mr. Walter Led* Mr. Chalky, Rae. W. P. Tree,lyea, Mr. Henry His. Dr. SW* 14r.lehrisk Mr. How*, Mr. J. Walker, Mr. Wil liam Walter, Mr. Soak Darbia, Kr. O. A. Lipid, Mr. Henry Hughes, red Mr. Hoary Stuart Rama. no deputation was intrelmted by Lord Alfred Churchill, M.P. Yesterday a Conseil Wu bald at the East India bees% mina Jona &amid Mardis, F.R.S., woo ap palled rarroiabig Pigskin to Qs Itoceotary of Mato for IBMs la coma. His Royal Meow the Doke of Cambridge, se the goaerel ammeallerta-eldet, held a levee yesterday _ _ _ . . abonsta at t HstaGoardo, ;it wbkh than won kup wisdom et Womb His Kieslimey the Austrian Minister and the Coniston d'Apprall till tam the Austrian Isgatke to day cm s viait to the Duke sod Durham of Mulborough at Bleilla4llll Palace, sear Woodstock. Tin Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury and family atrived la Artington- stud, Pkcadllly, yeataday _ _ tease liatflekl•bouse. Hato, for the seism The Right Hon. the Speaker of the Hoare of C 00106013 1 ,, accompanied by Lady Charlotte Denison, is ex pected to smile in town from hie seat in Nottinghamshire on laceday next. The right hon. gentlemen le invited to dine with the Chancellor of the Exchequer oa the 2nd proximo. His Excelling the Minister for the Netherlands has returned to town from Viscoent and Viscountess Coentermare, at Co:Ambers Abbey, The Marquis of Lansdowne is expected at Lans downe House, from Bowood, a• Witteastisy next, for the parleossauu7 estate. _ _ _ The Dui and Coaster of Clarendon will arrive in town early neat week, ham The Grove, new Walked, foe the mem. The Earl and Coaateoa of Digby will arrive in town on Saar ley toe the seleos. The noble earl has taken • me•elon is Beigrairequare. _ . Tho Earl and Countess of fladdingtou have ar rived at the Ewan Natal. The Countess Ante Mani has arrived at the Bruno wick Hotel, aenaroetreet, bora the Continent. The Earl of Carlisle is expected to arrive in town early la the meek* week from Cmtle Howard, Ifeekeldm. Viscount and Viscountess Comberneera will arrive in tows on Monday from Coentermere Abbey for the opening of Parliament. Lord and Lady Foley and the lion. Adelaide Foley an expected to leave Nice la the early part of next month on their rotors to Englind. Lord and Lady Fevershant bare arrived in town from Dosoorebe Park for t►e mom The Bishop of Chester left the Easton Hotel yes tares, for the Eptecops3 F.ls.s OwMar. Sir George and lady Grey will return to town on Mooday seat for the mite. The Lord Lieutenant if Ireland will lay the awedesioe Wow of the proposal Nodose! Oalimy for Ito laud, at triaster lawn, Dublin, on Saturday fort _ We understand that Mr. Pakingtee, sou of the First Lori of the A4mlndly, will stead for Best Worcester- Atlre ea the eoweereallve leterea. The next examination for direct commissions is the army by the cosscil of military Mambas maw the pre *Macy of Meier Oeseral Cannae. M■Jor•Oeamd Peals* sad the other aerobes of the coeedl • takes place es the 7th proutso sad four sacteulire day., at Burlington Hour, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. THE =GUSH GOVERNMENT AND THE ITALIAN DIFFICULTY. The Indipeadaroce Beige of yesterday evening publishes a statement to the effect that the British Cabinet has addressed the French, Austrian, and other governments, with the object of reviving a project proposed by Austria herself in 1848 to Lord Palmerston for satisfying the require ments of the Italians. This scheme establishes the administrative separation of the Lombardo- Venetian provinces from the other parts of the monarchy, and in consideration of certain financial conditions, wires them a quasi independence and self government based upon constitutional prin ciples. The Itsdependance adds that Russia and France are willing to accede to this proposal; but a reply has not, as yet, been received from Vienna. THE EXPRESS, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 27, 18!39. any otilsial rank, they of course were present. The I diplomatic. seeps was not completely represented ; the Premien minister, for instance, Hear Brassier do int• Simon, did not attend, nor Ina he & th• opera on Sunday evening in the court theatre. In the afternoon the King introduced the Prince to his daughter, the Prinoesa Clotilda, having first sent Gene ral Gialdini to usher the Prince into his presenee; he then escorted him himself into the apartments of the Princess, where he left them alone together for an hour. In the evening there woe a family dinner party. Different rumours are current about the personal feelings of the bride, but her look expresses fixed resolution. To-day it is said by some that the contract is to be signed; but, from my own inquiries, I learn that it will not be for some days to come. I believe I can venture to state that the order for the concentration of the troops on the Ticino has been suspended for the present. The same thing has been done, I hear, on the Austrian side, for they have withdrawn the two regiments of Uhlans and the three battalions of Chusenrs. " The Orand Duke Constantine has interested himself, it would seem, in behalf of the marriage; and it was in consequence of his representations that his brother, the Emperor Alexander, sent an auto graph letter to the King Victor Emmanuel, and thus greatly influenoed him in his decision to bestow the hand of his daughter on Prince Napoleon." EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (now ova owx PARIS, WEDNINIDAY EVINIXO. The rumour was circulated to-day at the Bourse, that Austria had made overtures for a congress to settle erlsting difficulties. I cannot myself attach much importance to this news, which I think may be explained in this way :—lt is stated in several quarters, and I am inclined to think accurately, that the Emperor Napoleon's speech will announce the settlement of the question of the Danube. Austria, if looking to a war in Italy, must naturally wish to stand as well as possible with the powers parties to the treaty of Paris upon all questions properly appertaining to that treaty. It would be a matter of course to call the conference together to register the final regula tions for the navigation of the Danube. Hence, probably, the rumour of the day. But it is, more over, just possible that Austria may have devised a form for hinting her willingness to discuss in the congress the means of avoiding such a calamity as a war. I utterly disbelieve, however, that she is ready to treat on the basis of the surrender of the Italian provinces, or even that of their reorganisation under an Austrian archduke without their being occupied by Austrian troops, and on any other basis no con gram could satisfy the wishes of either Sardinia or Franco. In Paris news of warlike preparations pour in from all sides, and indeed with such intensity that war would seem to be not a question of weeks bat of days. I know of companies of artillery with live-sixths of their men excused from regular duty, because they are making cartridges. So pressing is the demand for horses for the cavalry that orders have been given to buy horses of nine years old--an age far exceeding the regulation standard. All the aide-major surgeons in the military hospitals of Paris and Marseilles have been ordered to hold themselves in readiness for active service, and their places are supplied by young surgeons. The commercial quay of La Jebette, at Marseilles, is being cleared for war purposes. Letters from Toulon state that 62 war teaaspeets are to be ready for March 1. I could multiply similar symptoms almost indefinitely. no, Bourse was very buoyant on the strength of the report of a congress above alluded to. The Bente rase 60c. for cash and 800. for account, closing at 69k. and 89fr. de. Mobilier rose 281 r. 75e. The Orleans railway rasa 131 r. 75c.; Eastern and Western 10fr. each, and the other lines about 6fr. The market closed very firm. The that the reason for the seizure of the indepeadasee yesterday, was (a I inspected) that it persisted in affirming the exist- . . enoe of the treaty between France and Sardinia, denied by the Mositeur. I do not know how far the seizure of a journal will be accepted in the chanceries of Europe as evidence upon a question of fact. The Iledependamee still persists in its original assertion, and was again seized this morning; bat at about 4 o'clock it was released. Instances of oppression sometimes occur in this country so monstrous, and withal so ridiculous, that they escape censure, or even notice, under corer of their improbability. They are so absurd that scarcely any weight of evidence can bring the mind to receive them ma absolutely and unconditionally true. lam quite sure that if It were to be stated in any club, drawing-room, tavern, or tap-room in England, that in France in this second half of the nineteenth century, any individual who might lend a book to his neighbour was thereby guilty of a penal offence, nine-tenths of the hearers would reject the story as utterly incredible. Your readers will say already—" this must be a perverse way of stating the case; it may possibly be that if the book were 1 1 immoral, irreligious, or seditious, the fact of lending it might under certain circumstances constitute an offence known to the French law ; it is quite con sistent with all we know that the law may be cruelly strained to serve political purposes, but it cannot be that the mere fact of lending a book is per as regarded as a crime." Fact, however, which is proverbially stranger than fiction, shows that it is even so. To put the cue in the simplest form—if I were to take down from my bookshelves the " Vicar of Wake field," and lend it to any French gentleman (say to the Procureur-General) who might wish to improve himself in the English language, I should be liable to fine and imprisonment for having " hawked books without a license." The law which leads to this monstrous result was, it is tree, passed (or the pur pose of putting a cheek upon professional hawkers, who, it was alleged, poisoned the minds of the peasantry by diffusing incendiary publications among them. But the law al ' cers of Napoleon 111. have never been equalled in the art of twisting penal statutes to serve a purpose to which they were manifestly never intended to apply. They have decided, and have brought courts of justice to indorse their decision, that the handing over by one private indi vidual to another of any book, pamphlet, or printed paper, not bearing the nawker's mark ( estampellu), is a contravention of the statute. In pursuance of this interpretation, an old woman in • country village was some time ago condemned for lending a duly authorised newspaper to her next-door neigh bour. The recent case which has led to these re marks is reported in the Druit, a French legal jour nal, whose reports are accepted as authentic in the law courts. The scene is in the Correctional Tribunal of Colmar, with a judge named de Darbas in the presidential chair. There, on January 20, a pensioner in en almshouse, one Jacques Bessner, a protestant, was indicted for having lent to an old acquaintance, Corneille by name, a shoemaker at Colmar, a certain pamphlet in the German lan- FRANCE. DISCONTINUANCE OF THE NEGRO IMMI ORATION SCHEME. The Noniteur de la Colonisation publishes the following decree : " To THE GOVERNOR OP LA REUNION.—PROHIBI VON OP ALL RECRUITING OF IMMIGRANTS ON THE EASTERN COAST OP AFRICA AND MADA• °ARCM!. " Paris, Jm 6, 1859. "M. le Governeur,---On receiving the present despatch, you will take the most rigorous measure* for prohibiting all recruiting of labourers, either on the eastern coot of Afrha, or at Madagascar, 'or at the Comore', and also the introduction into Re union of immigrants from those provinces or from Sainte Marie, Mayotte and Rani-Bee. I have written to this effect to Beat.-Colonel MoreL " In acknowledging the receipt of the present communication, you will acquaint me with the number, the particulars, importance, and the date of authorisation of such recruiting operations as, with the aunt of your administration, may be in course of execution at the moment of the arrival of the despatch, and which will on that amount be the only ones excepted from my decision. " You will render me an aocount of the arnuige manta which you adopt, to assure the strict execu tion of my directions in this respect.—Receive, &c., " The Prince charged with the Ministry of Algeria and the Colonies, " NAPOLEON (JEROME). " P.S.—I enjoin upon you the strict and prompt execution of this order." PIEDMONT. A letter from Turin of the 23rd gives some details relative to the demand of the Prisms, Clotilde in marriage as officially announced: " At the grand mass celebrated this morning at the eathedral, at which the King and royal family were present, his Majesty had on his right Prince Napoleon and on his left Prince Eugene de Carignan. The Kiug wore the grand cordon of the legion of Honour. The Princess Clotilde was in a private pew over that occupied by the King. The other parts of the building were crowded. After the Nervier, when the royal family and their august visitors had returned to the pallos,accompanied by a brilliant staff and the grand dignitaries of the Crown, General Niel made the official demand of the hand of the princess for Prince Napoleon. The King replied is the affirmative, and added that he felt proud at his eldest daughter marrying a prince of the Bona parte family. It is said that the Empress Eogdnie has written every affectionate letter to the young princess, in which she says:—' You will find in me more than a friend, you will find a mother.' These words are said to have deeply affected the princess. She was also much moved when on Thursday last, which wee the anniversary of the death of her mother, Queen Maris Adelaide, the court having retired to Mont calicos, Prince Napoleon had a mass performed in the chapel royal of Turin for the repose of the soul of the Queen, at which he was present with the persons of his suite. After the service the prince pee a sum of 300 fr. to the chaplain to be distributed to the poor." - _ . - On Sunday the presidents and deputations from the two Chambers had an audience of the King. After the Marquis of Sostegno, President of the Senate, had read the addives in reply to the speech from the throne, his Majesty announced the ap proaching marriage of his daughter to Prince Na poleon, and said that he hoped the alliance would be a source of prosperity in future eventualities. To the deputation from the Chamber of Deputies, his Majesty observed that the year had commenced well, and he added :—" I have confidence that it will l eo continue, and that it will terminate better still, and I do not doubt the support of the Chamber in all the necessities that may arise." M. Ratazzi replied that he believed he was I interpreting the feeling of the Chamber and of the country in congratulating his Majesty upon the alliance; " I hope," he said, " that it will be pro pitious for the royal dynasty, the country, and Italy " On Sunday evening the King, the royal family, and Prince Napoleon visited the Theatre Royal, where they were enthusiastically received by a crowded house. The King sat in the centre of • box, haring her royal highness the Princess Clotilde on his right, and her Royal Highness the Princess Maria Pia on his left. At the right of the Princess Clotilde sat Prince Napoleon and the Prince of Piedmont. At the left of the Prince e Maria Pia were the Duke of Anita and the Prince de Carignan. " All eyes," says the Opiniose of Monday, " were turned upon the Princess Clotilde, who was resplendent in youth, beauty, and diamonds." " The acclamations were redoubled," says the Piedmontere Gazette, " when the Princess Clotilde saluted the company with a gracious smile." The royal party stopped until 10 o'clock. On Monday evening there was to be a grand court ball. A letter from Turin, of the 18th instant, contains the following: " The first evening party, which the Ministerial President, Count Cavi;oi, intends giving every Moe day to diplomatic and political guests, took place yesterday in the brilliant saloons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The company was numerous, as' it was known that Prince Napoleon would honour the ball with his presence. He appeared about ten o'clock, accompanied by his noble host, and several of his own suite, including General Niel. He passed through the saloons, and greeted many persons very affably, but then entered into • long ceavereatlon with the Minister. As far as the writer of this, who was present, could judge, his manner was anything but that of a bridegroom ; indeed be often seemed quits lost in thought and absent. Ile remained till put midnight, when he retired to the apartments prepared for him in the royal palace. But the absentee et the higher aristocracy, especially of the ladies, excited comment. As for those who hold gunge, " Die Lehre der Heiligen Schrift fiber die r Verehung der Maria," (the Doctrine of the Holy Scriptures on the worship of the Virgin) written by Dr. Marriott, of Bile. The circumstances of the loan were simply these. Benner, the protestant, and Corneille, who is a Roman catholic, met acci dentally in the cemetery. Corneille accosted Bege tter, and exhorted him to pray for the dead. Ban ner answered, "You know very well that I do not belong to your religion ; we protestants are not taught to pray for the dead, and my opinion is, that you would do better to pray for yourself." The two old comrades returned together to the town and fell into religious talk by the way. In the course of conversation Banner told Corneille that he would lend him a book which proved from the text of Holy Scripture that the worship of Mary was a superstition. Some time afterwards (the two men never having met in the meantime) Banner hap pening to see Corneille's daughter Josephine, gave ker the book, which he had been carrying about him, saying, "Here is the book which I promised your father ; be so good as to give it to him." The girl gave the book to her mother, instead of to her father, and the woman called the next day on Ben ner, and upbraided him bitterly for having given her daughter a book containing abominable doc trines on the Immaculate Conception, which dogma she took the opportunity of explaining to the tri bunal at great length. Beesner's counsel in vain con tended that it was altogether against reason to apply theHawken'Act to a private individual taking a book out of his own library to lend to a friend, and in vain appealed to the public prosecutor to withdraw from the aboard prosecution. The court, being pressed by the latter functionary, sentenced Berner to pay a fine of 60fr. and the costs df the trial. Now I deliberately assert that this case reflects deep dis grace upon the French government in general, and upon the Minister of Justice in particular. 1 shall perhaps be told that it is no badness of mine; but if so, what business have the French journals to complain of the treatment of nuns in Bluing, of Protestant intolerance in Sweden, of the persecution of missionaries in China, and of the abduction of the boy Mortara in the Papal States? It is the busi ness of every man who holds a pen to call public attention to a flagrant case of persecution like this-- a case for which no parallel could be found in Rome, Naples, Vienna, Constantinople, or Stockholm—nay, nor even in China or Japan, and which has just occurred in the dominions of a power which con templates setting all Europe by the ears to the cry of " Liberty in Italy !" RUSSIA. The riotous conduct of the students at Moscow has no sooner been appeased than news has arrived of similar conduct at Odessa, where the students have hissed the curator of the university foe his martinet treatment of them—for instance, his in sisting that their uniform outs should be closely buttoned up, and that they mast always appear in regulation costume. The fact is, the student' all over Russia have manifested a decided antipathy to any uniform whatever. This occurrence at (Musa, following se closely the mutinous pro ceedings at Moscow, has produced a very unpleasant feeling hers in the upper regions, and the Minister Kovaleffilki will hardly be expected to travel to that distant locality, as he did to Moscow, to appease by his personal authority the open feud between the students and their professors. One student had the temerity to say at the latter place, to the professor in his chair, that he had better give up his professorship, as his views were no longer in harmony with the attainments of the age. It was for saying this that he was to be punished, when all his fellow-students took his part, and this was the serious crisis that the Minister was sent to appease. But on this occasion the proper measures must be telegraphed, or despatched by courier. The 1,000 students at Moscow wish the German system to be introduced, but not the English or the French, and they would not object to a uniform, provided it were not military nor of a particular cut, nor buttoned up in front, and also provided they themselves should have the right to regulate the fashion of it, as likewise of the cap, which they wish to be of a smarter pattern. It is thought that the students will in the end carry their point. A letter from Corfu states that Mr. Arthur Gor don, who socerepenied Mr. Gisdstooe in the capacity of secretary, his just sent in his resignation, on the ground of a difference of opinion with Mr., Gladstone as to the course he his pursued. _ . The Riga Hon. Vernon Smith wu at Turin on Sunday m his way to England from Rome. The Paris Moniteur of to-day mentions the departure yesterday of the men-of-war Napoleon and Alga aims, and the frigate Imp/tunas, from Toulon for Genoa. Throe weeds are probably intended to aooompany Prince Napoleos and his bride. . . The Emperor Napoleon left the TMlents at ten &dock on Tneaday morning on a shooting excurska in the preserves in the park of Bt. Cloud. His Mejaety wee mom pealed by Coat Walsweki. Y. Fould, the Prince de is Malcolm sad the Pretest of the Police. . _ The Gaut& des Thatres says of the Sultan's new theatre TM building hes been erected on a lovely spot, at a short distance from the Bosphorus, opposite Scutarl, the ma of Nermora, and the Seraglio Point. Hay , - tag Mat constmotsil for the use of the Sultan, it has large apartments and a banqueting room, 90 feet long by 45 wide, and having twelve windows. The room is furnished in • moat reeherelet manner, being hung with well ashamed and gilded leather, having a splendid Aubusson carpet, and fitted up with learn of rock crystal. There is also in this room, where occasionally diplomatic banquets are gives, two concealed tribunes, one intended for the Sultan, and the other for an orchestra. The theatre Itself somewhat resembles that at Versailles ; It ham • line of bores on a level with the pit, • first tier of boxes open, and a seooad tier gaited for the ladies of the berm. Everything in the house is of the greatest magnificence, and the whole building does honour to the tasted those who were entrusted with the task ' 1 of canstruoling It." _ _ - - The English catholic' are about building a church of their own at Roan. The work le entrusted to an eminent Loudon architect, and a collection hie already been eat on foot to carry out this andertaking. The Cape papers state that Mr. Justice Belli, ea account of ill health, about to visit England on leave of absence for ail months. It is stated that Sir Henry Keating, who was So- ikitor•4dnersl order Lord Palmerston'e administration, will resume practice In the course of the present term, having re covered from his einem Wriest. The Astronomer-Royal at the Cape writes to in firm the readers of the Cape llfeathly Magaziae for Decem ber that "The comet la still observable by means of a good telescope armed with suitable appliances ; and altogether a valuable series towards laveetigating the orbit will be fur nished from the Cape." ELECTIONEERING AT TEE CA I.E.—The scrutineers d the votes given to the candidates for seats in the is letive Cousdl hen after three months concluded thgr labours., which show that a great decrease of intend has existed throughout the colony in the late election compared with the first, which took place under the new constitution; In this province alone a deficit of 29,000 votes appears. In' the misters province there were nine cssdidates for eight seats, and Mr. Vigne, the unsuonesful member, has entered a protest signet the return of Mr. J. U. Wicht, wheat emulsifies was accepted by power of attorney, a moot novel proceeding, sad his election conducted throughout by proxy, whilst hewn reskind In Rogland.--Gretane.Toten.folonal, Deesseber 14. JUVENILE EMIGRANTS AT Tat CAPE.—The Mid land Moan Bower says of the "Dutch Juvenile gnats ;"—" The sniveled thealeng and enxicaudy-expected stresgme was enneunrad Sun day last (Nov. 28); but as there was • ease ef mall- o v a _aonget them. they were int mediately deigned et /Ander!, to undergo the requisite quarantine. The penes affected with the disease is kept apart from the others. Mr. Noome, who is in charge of the party, is else dinned with them. The news of the small pox being amongst these immigrants caused agent mention In town on Sanday afternoon, and the excitement and alarm was apparent ; but the et tive and decisive measures adopted by our authorities have been the means of dissipatthg the . Inc which the first mews of the arrival mated." TIM LOW 0! 723 81341118 CZAR. From later intelligence it appears that, after the Virago lost sight of tke Cur, dm struck on the Voge R oc k off the Llsard, about 2.46 p.m. (Saturday), sad almost ima m : diately foundered. The crew were endeavouring to get to Falmouth to repair, the screw tap of the engine having been broken. As the veinal petted, Captain R. Jackson lan hie lii in ti;inoave hie wife and son, all three meeting a 'Wench death. The bug hoed at the coast-guard station at (.udgwtth was pat off with en active crew im mediately the chief °Blow sew the distressed vessel, and ail of the crew belonging to the Czar were happily saved by their efforts. Eleven others were saved In the life-boat of the foundered vessel, sad all brought OW shore to the Lizard village, where they were treated with gnat tand em% the minister of the pariah, the Rev. P. V. Robinson, befog particularly zealous in ministering to the wants of the unfortunate sufferers. The first rumour stated the lose of 1163 to be confined to the captain and his family ; but however mournful this intalligesoe, it oonveyed only a alight nolkai of the nature of the oalamity—no less than fourteen of the pas sengers mod crew having met with a watery grave. The fol lowing are the names of those drowned, besides the captai n and his wife and eon B. Drown, second mate ;Q. Wood, se; C. Cropley, S. Levet, M. Hall, Geor ge Jefferson. am l e Wads, anginmes; Thomas Foster, Robert Young, Robert Barton, and James Gnome, seamen. The name ot those who survived this distressing catastrophe are William Tether, first mats; Master William J. Whiteside, captain's nephew ; Mr. John Nelson, chief engineer ; Henry Jackson, Nathaniel Crooknoll, David Cattle, and John Collier, engineers; Gene Pm, carpenter; John Night, Joseph Rack, Jonathan Thickett, James King, John DIVAN, H Gurthorp, James Mulvey, John Wilton, John Smith, and Bran, KISSISII. The whole of the C7lll belonged either to Hull or London. The Czar was only built a few months ago by Messrs. Martin Samuelson and Co., iron shipbuilders, of Hull, and was admired as one of the moat perfect models of workman ship, as well as one of the largest vessels, ever Whin Hull, being 740 tons burthen. She was provided with a patent lifting screw, and contained almost every improvement which engineering science has lately discovered. Her internal downtime were most supseb. At the time she foundered she was bound from London to Malta, with a general cargo of government Mores and ether goods. The lola to the owner, will, to a great enema at Wm, be covered by a full insurance. HEEt MAMMY' CHAPLLINII FOE FEBRUARY,— The following gentlearm will set as her Majesty's chaplains for the next mantis (February) .—Tiss Hen. and Rex. Augustus Frederick Phipps, of Trinity College Csmlorklge, motorge, of Buten, Suffolk; the Rer. Rawer; Benverie, M.A., prebendary of Salisbury Cathedral end view of Coleshill, near Farringdon, Berkshire ; the Rev. Dr. Charles James Vaughan, head master of Harrow School ; the Rev. Dr. W. Canton, canon residentiary of Westminster, and rector of St. Margaret. The Archbishop of Canterbury hu fixed Wednes day, the 18th of May, for the celebration of the 205th anni versary festival of the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's Cathednd. Convocation, at its meeting on Friday, the 4th of Fanny, will be prorogued to Wednesday, the 9th, when It will proceed to badmen It is stated that the minor canonry of Weetmin- Me Abbey, vacant by the death of Dr. Waters, is to be filled cap by the appointment of the Rev. S. Flood Jones, DLA., Incumbent of St. Matthew's, Spring-gardens. The Bishop of Caps Town announce', through the Gip TOWN Cern lifeemin, that several schoolmasters will arrive from England about the beginning of February. FORGED BILLS OP EICRANOE.—Another instance has transpired of forged bilis of exchange having been sue omsfully put into circulation for a large amount. They pur port to Wreath by the Benetton branch of the Colonial Bank on the parent establishment in London, and are supposed to have been manufactured and negotiated in New York, whence, after having pissed into good hands, they have been remitted here to newel respectable firms for colle.Won. Those already remind at the Colonial Book amount to an aggregate of about 9,0001., and from the meaner in which they are numbered it ie inferred that at least a total of 16,0001. has been pot forth. The plate itself is • forgery of a very clumsy description, and the signatures of the bank manager and amountant at Barbadoes have been poorly Imitated. The bills are for 'mounts ranging from 4001. to 1,4001., and the sufferers are most probably all in America. The Colonial Bank will of course loos nothing, the counterfeit having at aces been detected by them. It seems marvelloss that ear the recant expoeure of similar frauds in Australia, sod the attention lately directed to orga nised forgeries of beak met in nearly all the principal com mercial cities of the world, any men of business oould have allowed themselves to be dyed to meth an extent. A FRIGHTFUL STORY.—Her Majesty's chip Cen turion 90, enoolotend a frightful storm of thunder end lightning in October last, near Cats. The ship, on the 29th, at 1.30 p.m., was taken all aback in a squall from earth-west, with thunder, lightniog, and rain. A heavy flash of lightning struck the abip and pared off by the con ductors, which are reported to have bad the paint stripped off in several plans below. The branch under the bowsprit appeared as if it had been in the fire. No damage ensued. Ts. tub WM so clews that it seemed am if a broadside had been discharged. A large waterspout appeared as if coming towards the ship. It wee dispersed by one of the forecastle guns. Stich was the force of the electrical action on the state of the sir at the time the discharge struck the ship that a marine standing on the forecastle was for a time stormed by the shock, but waa not otherwise hurt. The lightning conductors now common in the royal navy are said to have saved the ehlp'a meets. SERIOUS ENCOUNTER WITH NIGHT POACHERS.— On Saturday morning last • sanguinary affray between two young Somerseathire farmers and a gang of poachers took place at Pyle, in a oopee on the estate of Lord Portman, the lad-Lieutenant of the county. Mr. Miell is a farmer, tio minim part of the adjoining estate, which is in the parish of Plltoe, and It has been his practice to co-operate with hie lordship's gamekeeper in watching the preserves. About two o'clock, the farmer's son, George Midi, beard the report of guns in Lord Portmatt's wood, near to his father's resi dence, and on Mr. um being informed of the circumstance, he at once sallied out in quest of the poachers, aorompanied by his two sons, George and Albert, and a servant lad. The younger SOD and the led MOOdto watch, Mr. Wall walkiug eking the bottom of the wood, and George Mlell taking the upper part. The latter came up in a few minutes with three men armed with sticks and guns. The poachers were recognised as &thinners living in the neighbourhood, two of them, named Hill,, bean brothere, and the third, a man called Vining, belonging to Pilton. He followed the poachers es they went le the edge of the wood, until they got near to the younger Mini, when George Miell turned end met them face to face. George Bill, one of the gang, then fired at the laicals, who were only five or six yards off at the time, and Albert received the contents of the charge in his side. The brother, who had his left arm la • sling, in consequence of a recent accident, jumped aside, and only a small portion of the dust altered hie arm near the elbow, George Miell, now signalled his father, and the man who fired the ran leaped over a gate, and ran off at the top of his speed. George Miell now sprang at Vining, who levelled his piece and threatened to shoot him; Miell paned aside the gun and pulled the trigger 6o as to render it harm len, but it did sot go off, sod Vining, raising the weapon, struck George Mien on the bead with the barrel, caning the blood to flow freely. A desperate struggle now ensued, in the course of which the poacher was disarmed ; and on Mr. Miell, men., coming to the seen, he wee removed a prisoner to the farm house. When medical assistance was premed. it was found that Albert Miell was severely wounded from the then down to the hip on the left side, a number of shots having entered the abdomen, &e. The wounds were promptly dressed, and the two young moo are going on favourably. The two poachers who escaped, George Hill and his brother, were apprehended in the course of the morning, and, to- gether with Vinhog, ISM taken before the county magistrates on Saturday, when the prisoners were remanded till the injured men are sufficiently recovered to appear against them. THE NAILS.--SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAT.—The Peninsular and Oriental Company's new screw steam ship Nepaul was brought into dock this morning under the com mand of Captain Hicks. She was built by the Thames Iron Ship Building Company, and la of 1,000 tons and 400-Meese power. She is very elegantly fitted, and has accommodation foe 80 psseengere. The length between peependiculare is 220 feet, beam 30 feet. She is fitted with atub and Sam. mee's boilers ; and her engines, of the direct acting principle, are from the factory of Messrs. Humphrey and Tennant, and an of the meet compact and convenient description, and during the worked admirably. The Nepal is benne , and is intended to leave on theist for Mansilles. to take the place of the Vector, for the conveyance of the mails from thence to Alexandria. She leaves foe Stokes Bey on Saturday foe her speed to be tested by the measured mile. It is anticipated that she will be a fast ship. The speed on her passage trout the Thames against • strong bead-wind exceeded en average of 10 knots per hour. The Fulton, which arrived lest week with the American mails, M undergoing an overhaul In the dock. The Ripon will leave to-morrow with the Bombay mans; oleo a mail for Gibraltar and Malta. The Alhambra will leave to-morrow with the mails for Vigo, Oporto, and Lisbon. The Ceylon, with the heavy portion of the Etat India end Chin walla, may be looked for oa Sunday next. The Parana, with the West India and Pacific mails, may be expected on the Ist. The Avon. with the Brazil and River Plate mails, is des on the 4th. The Phoebe, which landed the Cape mails this morning at Plymouth, will be here to-morrow to unload her cargo. The Barcelona, which has been expected here froths last few days from the Spanish ports with freight and par sengers, will not arrive before Sunday, a telegram having just announced that she did not leave at the time andel- Wed .KAFFIRS AND WHITRIL—The relative numbers dour population is attracting apprehension, as statistics @how that there are 4,000 more wadi - Refers in this province than both white and coloured colonists together; and the former are so generally dispersed over the country that envy homestead is at their many. This state of things, without any troops to act in emergency, is onions ; and in the event of an outbreak,* tragedy something like the painful affair of Chide may be expected, for which neither our colonial execu tive ace the Brian government ma ale soy palliative.— Onshore s Town Jottritel, Deo. 14.