The Express. — London, England, 1846-09-04 00:00:00

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The Suprema" sew Leaks Paper, NIL Ild i g a rler if pea Is advasee. Direst te Prided& Wesley, 111, 4.... LONDON EVENING PAPER, THE lIIPIIMIL-0101011 110 1 11D1 aed 00.• It Tbavlsaisa. lesdasa OM es See sever the addresses ot those who DOWIer edit Sir Odom hr helf a year. Poeuellos orders ha. 1110001 My athweedsfeed. A erpserter. las. dd. ; halt.yeer, 11. ils. HE EXPRESS, EVENING PAPER—JOHN sal WILLIAM CHAPLIN, sews ash. 13. Phat-isfso. Ihades. will puestaelly attend to a orders Stet Tweep be imesesd ens. HE EXPRESB.—Orders punctually attended to at THOMAS MESSETTS Newspaper 0111 m, I, St. Dim sifters, Lades, established Nthey.frre yam. Sakeesipekoes, ia Memos, Ids. dd. per quarter, or a &Or copy will be forwarded la far three pause stamp& A lia of Larnaca sewspepas se a = I prises hey be lied es snaked= es above. the elMnfils• MAILS. The overbid doled mons, oie MerrilMs, to the Ileiltomeen, WisertOr. bas. Slue-Keee. be, en la mete ea ea the • Ills wir kr Omono• Liebt a Keelas. Cad; and IA lemmas up ea lemeabig I* int ei te di tet IM..+. spot lbws er Melee. ilswilena, and Vell le male up ea Sr mein et*, Mb bat i tede far Beni !nom Assafea, beneeee. ad the United Wyk tat be undo en Magni wombed the MI lot The min for allogile. MI% elNetilt ram=447Z Collm liaeOgeej, est be made sp ea all amenthei al Sr fist hot. - TO 0011.31.88PONDENTS. We mad Mae. la say am say immamaaalas lia is ma le as mo d ilL ....aserae via dams la allow as la Mgr a nl roposisil. _WTI= CAN WIC ignity acegusciarts WHATEVER. MOH WATER AT LONDON-DELDOR. TOR TrAT.—Wo 16 win. pout 41. Afternoon, 43 ode. pre 0. Tininissoir.-6, 10 ilia. put 1; A ft ernoon, 31 dn. rot 1. LONDON, FEIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4. THE International Copyright Act has just come, for the first time, into operation. By an order in coan nil dated the 27th ult., and published in Tuesday's Gazette, it is announced that a treaty of reciprocity • an this point has been concluded with Prussia; and that henceforth all books, prints, sculpture, dramatic • tare and compositions, and any other works of and the fine arts, which now are subjects of ' • aopyright in this country, will enjoy the same privi r • Lige in the Prussian dominions; and similar works • published within those dominions will be entitled here to all t"-et advantages of British copyright. It is further ordered that the Customs Duties shall be reduced to the following : On honks °dewily Fatima ta ths Mated melee, sad en- R t l i r ...: 4 h a t a herd asl . 6,l . 111111 0 r 1= 1.1.1.8 se at pisoTonisia las releases( Ed hiblifladis dd. ' , teeny vogues& la dr Della 1104 m. a dal, el IlA i r ma hiodeed weight. Oa pielield et re paw eashelaes drimb rireedZ e 4e7 . 4 sadt ; Woad ar arm, 14d. the doom* The first doss of books was, prior to this order, prohibited, as a measure of protection, for which, now, there is no further occasion. The requisite secu rity, as to living authors, is obtained by a Prussian copyright ; or rather by the Prussian recognition of the British copyright. The duty of Ms. the cwt. is designed, we presume, to operate in favour of the - British re-publisher of English works whose copy ` right is out. • The provision as to the second class of books pre - Tints an avoiding of the paper duty, by printing an English work within the Prussian dominions; s and is tantamount to levying that duty on Prus sian publications before allowing them to circulate in this country. Such publications are left, by the last tariff, subject to the duty of 60s. per cwt. ' Prints and drawings at present pay twice the duty above specifiod ; and will continue to pay it if im ported from other countries besides Prussia. Negotiations for this treaty, and a similar one with France, were mentioned by Sir ROBERT PEEL as pending when ho resisted Mr. Ew&nr's motion for the total relinquishment of a revenue from the im pOrtatiac of literature. That resistance was one of his most palpable inconsistencies daring the progress of the Corn and Customs Bill. He was driven, by the discussion, into a temporary oblivion of his free trade principles, and had recourse to the old topics of reciprocity and protection, Even the question of revenue was introduced; although the entire taxa tion upon foreign books and prints only realises between 20,0001. and 30,0001. per annum. It will now be said, perhaps, that his policy is justified ; and that, by the retention of duties on works of literature and art in the last tariff, advantages have been obtained, in both coun tries, for men of genius and talent, which could not otherwise have been gained. But this is really only an offshoot from the great controversy between Free- ' , Trade and Protection. It must be decided by the same principles. We rejoice that the treaty has been concluded, be cause, so far as it goes, it is a good. The English writer, engraver, or composer, is not now liable to be plundered in Prussia, nor the Prussian in England. Piracy has lost thus much of its privilege. The property of intellect is internationally recognised. Our musio-sellers may no more make free with MENDLUAOHN'S notes, than he himself may with those of the Bank of England. Even in poetry, it is allowed that there may be property. The mitigation of the duties on works produced in Prussia, will not be unfelt, Sums too trifling to be regarded in the great articles of commerce, gain consequence in their relation to what is frequently the no-moneyed interest of mind. But the principal advantage is that of Protection, in the unexceptionable meaning of the term, as opposed to the liability to Plunder. Within the limits reigned over by the contracting parties, the outlawry of intellect is reversed ; books and prints are as secure from theft as oorn and timber. But is it so very manifest that this reciprocal recog nition of literary and artistic rights was contingent upon the retention of the import duties? We do not believe it. We cannot suppose the Prussian Court so mean as only to become a party to a simple act of justice towards its own and highly-gifted authors and artists, on condition of being favoured by a half-price admission at the Custom-house. There was no such paltry bribe in the joint arrangements for the Bishopric of Jerusalem. It is a spot on the picture. It transforms right into privilege. It gives a petty bargaining ohmmeter to the transaction. It alloys the dictates of wise policy with sharp huxtering. It expands exclusively. And the gain must in all cases be so utterly insignificant, that it is ridiculous to put Lath as an inducement to such treaties. Inter . asdianajnerangements for securing copyright are just as likely to advance without this unseemly appendage. If properly urged, we believe they will be multiplied smite as rapidly, though no duties be =Wind in which zssioll a difference between the countries that will an d th os e which will not negotiate. One absurdity is that people here are taxed - - - beanie tereias Austria. Court be --- pp double duty Woo. WO ors proxies on las ignernme The blindness of f books of its writers. Gann darkness is predominant . this, in all questions referable to the laws of trade, our inte rest plainly is to let all good things come in for our use as freely as possible. The only reservation is on behalf of those rights of property, which ought to be u sacred in the productions of the brain, u in those of the soli or the steam-engine. To provide drat — seeraity for all, in any °matey, who dubs to avail themselves of it, is a duty incum bent es as, whether like justice elsewhere be granted er esimetL And to allow free entrance to all such C=for the public benefit, is obviously our Itether elsewhere that mama interest in Giber aline be regarded or disregarded by their goveruments. Towards this state we hope to advance ; and the treaty just annulus& is a step, though only such a step as can be made in Mien. Mr. Strui's motion a+ that all modern foreign, beoks be b bbbbbbbb ad mitted &dykes," was supported by Amid ileimbers who are now in office. If the Free-tea& pansy be half as prosperous as we anticipate, the modicum of revenue derived from obstructing the transit et works of literature and art may soon be divulged with. Mental productions need then no longer be an reap tiontothe general principles of our policy. A genuine regard for literature will thus be evinced; especially if the repeal be followed up by that of the duty upon paper ; and if the last newspaper penny, which Lord BEOUGHAII, while Lord. Chancellor, called the worst penny of all, be sent after its predecessors. Mean while, we are glad of the instalment, however small, which this treaty pays, of the debt which Power owes to Intelligence. Yoram ENOLAND laments that personal loyalty is extinct amongst us. The complaint is certainly un- I founded. The devout respect displayed to the Prince Consort's trowel at Liverpool is cheering evidence to the contrary. We are happy to record that the same flame burns bright in the Channel Islands. London may be cold, but Guernsey glows. We have no doubt that Alderney and Sark have their inglorious Raleigh', who would fling down whatever part of their apparel represents the Elizabethan cloak, to save the royal foot from a paddle. We have not been so much excited since Lord Chancellor Baotrousm used to write by every night's post to King WILLIAM the Fouarie, to tell his ?Lunn' how very popular he was, as by the glorious reception of her MAJESTY'S letter at Guernsey, an account of which we yesterday extracted from the Guernsey Star. Immediately on the arrival of the packet with her Majesty's letter addressed to the Lieutenant-Governor, the population of the loyal though limited island was summoned to assemble next day " to hear her MA JESTY'S most gracious message to them on the occasion of her recent visit, which message the Lieutenant- Governor had it in command from her Majesty to deliver as soon as possible." Her Majesty felt the inhabitants could not wait. They assembled. His Exeelhasy addressed them. " hisinseis et Georseett l —taitliful subjects M Queen Victoria—or the papa enhe groat i ria Isaias selMek w itpreat ow the whole fter d esnlien lefeelete era • l ig hedijn tri « r eel a tiled. r rml to or by lieworay star& MIMI to Ws nor esars. grants yea by pries Os Mar. bet Motor that I word' sot tallar nampses. snow es snail brow rt Qum+ awl her I taseente assewisi, se hog mete regents' to bet M yea, t. ask b rra urn; see We mealy ewt is- The contrast between " Guernsey" and the Whole Globe is finely imagined. It shows the value of the island—not to be measured by geographical extent, and is caludaterl to raise yet higher the well-known self-respect of her firm and enlightened inhabitants. The imsgeof the Newspaper Editor standing between the Qualm and der People is tremendous. We seem to see a gigantic figure thrusting its huge balk between the Lieutenant-Governor and the faith ful Guernseymen, to intercept the rays of Royal favour. The Governor's determination, and the reason of it, "to speak to you myself, and then nobody could deceive you," is worthy of the historian of the 1 Peninsular war. Of course, the wicked editors were in a conspiracy to mar and mutilate the Royal letter; but his Excellency was there with the determination that the inhabitants should not be deceived. They were not. Some cold-blooded person had suggested that the communication should be put off for a day. It was thought, perhaps, that it might be too much for the islanders if it came all at once. Royal favours mast be broken gently. The Governor thought otherwise : " It was swelled to me that I should pot of this communication till tomorrow; but the Queen came suddenly, and in lees than twelve hours= wet= to m time t ee o toe receive her then should we reel. r : uses As his Excellency proceeded, the enthusiasm of Guernsey burst out in so noisy a manner as seriously to interfere with the address. The Lieutenant-Gover, _ . nor, with that presence of mind which characterises the soldier, restored order by a word: "gle silent, and I win read to you the impression which your MEP tics made antler 3Lajesty." Then followed, not what we confess we antici pated when we arrived at this point—at the least a private autograph letter of Her Majesty, full of pleasant and confidential enthusiasm, breaking out into the usual social assurances, " Never spent so pleasant a day ;" " Charming people ;" " Excessively obliged for their kindness ;" " Glad to see any of them who may be in the neighbourhood of Windsor r and so on—but—the ordinary official letter of acknow ledgment from the Home Secretary. How ever, what to an ordinary matt might have seemed a matter of routine, was differently con strued by his Excellency. He saw the royal delight struggling with the cold formality of official terms, and felt the necessity of an immediate answer. The poet was closing when the letter arrived! His deter mination in this painful emergency was precisely that of the Chancellor BROUGHAM, when he pro mised the good people of Perth that to bed he would not betake himself till he had written by the night's post to WILLIAM at Windsor. I would aot wait. I took upon myself to answer for the people of Guernsey. I know them well, and certain I was right ' But in case there might be any person or persons who wished to send a private and personal letter to Her MAJESTY, to say how happy he or they would be to see Her MAJESTY, should she be that way again, the Lieutenant-Governor was prepared to oblige him or them : "If any men or say men wish to give hie or their thank* to her Majesty, tea them draw them sat and give them to me, mid I will send them ^ This is tree magnanimity ! - - - - • • - Then followed the Here, again, we feel disappointed. It reads very mach like the formal answer to a formal compli ment. But when it was read and ratified by the cheers of assembled Guernsey, the magnanimity of the Lieutenant-Governor again breaks out : "I baps," continued hls Ersellency, " that ia what I wrote I ex pressed your sentiesenta—lf not, let any one else write a better acknowledgment, and I will krward It." (Loud cheers.) His Excellency seems ready to become general postman between Guernsey and his Sovereign. We recommend him to have an inscription put up on his official front door : " Letters or parcels forwarded to Windsor with care and despateh." There is only one more incident to be recorded in this great day for Guernsey. During the reading of Her Mussrv's letter, the male part of the assem blage stood with their heads uncovered. Had it been an autograph, we suppose they 'would have gone down on *sir knees. 's answer. TEE entertainment given at the London Tavern, on Wednesday, by the committee of the tines Testi monial to the proprietary of that newspaper, is an incident in Engliah Journalism well worthy of record. A tablet has been erected in the Royal Exchange to commemorate the services of the JTmes in detecting and exposing the memorable swindling .theme of sentatives of the ._.errands); ra - and Naples ; in the Levant (Alexandria) ; In the . west of COLUMBUS'S world (Laguayra) ; in the utmost limits of Portuguese maritime adventure in the East (Macao) ; in Cadiz, once the link between Spain and her golden American empire; and is Paris, the centre of continental activity, poliri.op commercial, and intellectual To crown all, there appeared at the banquet to which we refer, as the organs and mouthpieces of these representatives of the world's commerce, the Governor of the Bank of England, and the chiefs of the houses of Roritsemt.n, Of BARING, and of Marrxemsw. The good service which was thus emphatically acknowledged, richly merited such • tribute. Every one will sympathise with the natural and just pride of the Times and its conductors un the occasion. And every one mast be impressed by the light which the whale transaction, from first to last, has thrown on the character and Mans of the English newspaper. Of the Continental newspapers, the literary is the predominating, almost the sole feature. In the English, the commercial element is at least equally prominent with the literary. We will not take upon us to say that this has not its occasional dined vantages ; but undoubtedly the effect of the admixture, upon the whole, has been to give the speculations and intelligence .40 the London journals, in matters political and who mical, a more practical and judicious character. In literary merit they are not behind them of the Continent; and, when dealing with practical questions, they have more of reality, more of the tone of expe rienced men of action. It arises from the cordial co operation of managers literary and commercial ; each deferring to the other in his particular department, and independent in his own ; each giving and re ceiving the suggestions derived from his peculiar position. There is an aristocracy among the " Houses" of London analogous to those untitled familiesamong the landed gentry who boast to have come in with the CONQUEROR. There are firms in the City which date from before the Revolution. The members of these time-honoured institutions who attended at this banquet, presided over by the chief magistrate of London, must have felt that the establishment in Printing House-square was as well founded and sure to be lasting as their own ; since the permanence of both was guaranteed by the same necessity which society has for both, and by the judgment with which they minister to its wants. When due honour was properly done to the merits of Mr. DZLANE and Mr. ALSAGER„ the memory of many peseemt must have reverted to Mr. BARNES, and those who, with him, gradually extended and completed the organisation of the paper, and. by the influence of their tact and literary talent, created the power which the others now so creditably wield. Much nonsense has been spoken and written about the "anonymous" in English journalism. The names we have men tioned, show that the really efficient labourers have their efficiency acknowledged, and take rank by their abilities and service. In this country merit may be slowly acknowledged, but acknowledged it generally is in the long run ; and a man is esteemed for what is in him, not for the titular or factitious rank con ferred upon him for real or imaginary merits. If the English journalist is rarely sent to parliament, or decorated with honours, it is because both he and the public instinctively feel, that if in the line he has chosen he:discharges its duties really and efficiently, he is more powerful than either senator or courtier. The English journalist is a steady citizen, not a political adventureetrading on his powers of ready utterance. Long may he be animated by the homely, resolute, indomitable spirit, for which, when we would find a representative in all respects worthy of our national character, we point to DANIEL Da Foe. The speeches at Wednesday's celebration were in extremely good taste. Mr. WALTER blended the individual tribute and the general claims of the press with considerable feeling as well as tact, and appears to have spoken very well. There was no occasion for jealousy, he remarked. There was certainly:every reasonable occasion for pride. We cannot but think the high compliment so deservedly paid to the Times in this matter an era in English journalism. It is • world-wide recognition of the profession of the journalist, side by side with the legal, the mercantile, and other essential professions. It confers upon him the freedom of the great corporation of regular and recognised industry. "It might truly be said," remarked Mr. T. BARING, " although occasionally a modest individual might be the victim of public exposure, yet in the aggregate there could be no doubt the fourth estate' exercised its powers with propriety, ability, integrity, and usefulness, for all climes of the community." This is no more than justice. Should it continue to be deserved, it will be owing to the fact that journalists in England are considered members of a respectable and respected calling, and are bound by that consideration to dis charge its responsible and onerous duties with con scientious integrity and honourable fairness. WE really have a right to demand explanation from somebody or something—whether the Paving Commissioners, or the macadamised bed, or the Aberdeen granite—of the conduct of the Fleet-street pavement. The new pavement, which was to last for twenty- Ilv'e years, has sunk under the traffic of a few days, between GOSLING'S Bank and St. Dunstan's Church. The thoroughfare, as it is called in a bitter irony, is again to be stopped from Chancery to Fetter-lane. Owing to the misbehaviour of the somebody or some thing in fault, the great stream of traffic is again to be turned off into Holborn, to Sow back into the main channel through the feeders of Farringdon etreet and the Old Bailey. We have no doubt the paving commissioners mean well in their alterations. But Fleet-street unfortu nately cannot, like a hotter place, be " paved with good intentions." Is it impossible to do work, or to see it done, efficiently and durably? Is the bed again to blame? There was trouble enough in the making it, to give reasonable assurance that it would last. Or is it a deep-laid scheme for forcing on the Legislature the necessity of their interference to pro vide speedy and direct communication between West and East, fashion and funds, the head and the pocket of the London body corporate? Patchwork legislation may be very bad, but patchwork paving is still worse. As well stop the whole line of road from Temple-bar to St. Paul's, as the portion of it between St. Dunstan's Church and GOSLING'S Bank. Nor has the East-end alone grounds of complaint. Poor Piccadilly, its entrails scarce recovered from the probing and disturbing process of last year, is again under the paviour's hands, between Half-moon-street and Down-street. That the stall-keepers and vegetable-dealers of Clare-market should suffer in silence, is intel ligible. They are of what Mr. CARLYLE calls " the inarticulate." Hat that the aristocratic tenants of Mayfair should tamely submit to have their courtly echo degraded into giving back the rattle of plebeian basses and canaille cabs, is inexplicable. To be sure, the occupants are most of them out of town ; but the under-porters in charge should remonstrate. There the same fearful encouragement to the adventurous p r opensities of the omnibus drivers in the narrow streets about Shepherd's-market, which has so often put us in mortal fear about Addle-hill and Clemenill lane. - - Meantime, o n the diseased portion of read, the greatest coolness is displayed by the operatives em ihemcire we see and stiffer from these continued blockades, the more strongly we feel the necessity of a central Boyd, for resniating the above and below of our streets. If roadways, gas and water pipes, and sevrenis; were ender the same control, we should semi have waseeekswie 'docked Which Would allow .k damaged nada : . 40 sop**, and leaky pipes steeped, witlio.l • op thipereinent. What .44.l avermay be tha . lie 4 regard to sewers, why Ilkoald not 01Pr r ' .. • .1011.41itel Irk* bo carried along by the Mika thwesedwayMi alined channels, a little above the levittiMitirmthred, which could be opened to repek,7krpitiajd **Nit itopping the train of a wheie‘diairktteMeir present thoroughbres on oat no erPt7,01 1 1 1 4 1 4314 ftie traffic whisk llowi waseletallAMtheatAtOathow of these gase.- terly obstructimin When slier* open, the Meek of transit at middayli such as. seriously to intseihre with businees. But whey Riseadilly and Flestakeet are bath intemseted=by isipassibir tracts, it beeolass perfectly impossible to oalculatek‘pw long it may take a hard-pressed passenger, or a heavy-laden vehicle, to get from Hyde-park-corner to the Bank. This is y one, and not the greatest, mischief The injury to shopkeepers along the interrupted thoroughfares, is plaberthan the public generally can be awe:eat • While the present system continues, remonstrates is of little use. It may, however, awake attention Os . the means of bringing about a change, and so forward the establishment of a central street-controlling power. We have received by express the Paris journals of Wednesday. The Chamber of Deputies has completed the nomi nation of its officers, with the exception of the pastors. The four vice-presidents, Messrs. Bignon, Lepelle tier d'Aunay, Hebert, and Francois Delessert, are all Conservatives. Of the four secretaries, Messrs. De Bussieres, Oger, Saglio, and Lanjuinais, the three first are Conservatives, the last a nomination eon ceded by courtesy to the Opposition. The choice of M. Oger seems to have been an act of kindness on the part of the majority, to console him for the loss of his rank u Colonel in the National Guard of Paris, of which he had been deprived by the electors, in consequence of his votes in the Chamber of Deputies. None of the secretaries of the last parlia ment have been re-elected. _ After the installation of the President and other officers, and a short complimentary speech by M. Sauzet, a committee was appointed to prepare the address in answer to the King's speech, consisting of Messrs. Muret de Bord, Marshal Duke d'laly, Count d'Angesffile, M. de Ilarcasses, Vitet, Cousture, Des mousseaut de Givre, Count Dejean, and Vicomte Dar Di. Capin Gridaine, Minister of Commerce, is con fined to his hotel by severe indisposition. The average prices of corn in France, according to the official lists, was on the 31st of August 24 francs 15 centimes per hectolitre, 1. e., nearly 21. Bs. the quarter English. It was only 22f. 75c. on the 31st of July, which is about 21. 6s. 4d. the quarter. Mr. Richard Cobden reached Bordeaux on the 30th ult., and went immediately to the private residence of the Mayor, where he 11 to stay for a few days. A grand banquet was to be given to him on Tuesday, the 2d inst. Our letters from Madrid of the 28th ult. assert positively that Gonzales Bravo, the Ambassador from the Court of Spain to Portugal, has been recalled. Donoso Cortes, it is said, will succeed him. The journals are still full of discussions as to the Queen's marriage, and El Espanol remarks that the French Cabinet will only consent to the marriage of the Queen with Don Francisco, on condition that her Majesty's sister, Donna Luisa, shall be married to the Duke de Montpensier. The army of observation has been 'withdrawn from the Portuguese frontier. The head-quarters is now at Villalba de Alcon. It was reported that 9,000 men would be concentrated at Zamora. PARIS, Sinerstinan 2. The Galician nobleman who has published a letter to prove that the Poles would be better off under the rule of Ramie than that of Austria, and who is said to be the Count or Marquis Wielopolski, a great proprietor as well in the Duchy of Warsaw as in Galicia, must, at the present moment, be somewhat embarrassed by the preference which he has given to the Autocrat. The fierce cruelty of the Russian government is scarcely, one would think, more favourable to the Poles than the tor now and perfidious polic7 of the cabinet of Vienna. You may form your opinion on the subject by the following facts. The Emperor Nicholas has just promulgated two ukases, which have appeared in the official journal of Warsaw. BT the first he pardons from five to six hundred criminals; by the second, it is declared that every person condemned to imprisonment for five years and upwards shall be transported to Siberia, where half the punishment shall consist in hard labour, and the other half be commuted into a residence or compelled exile for the remainder of the prisoner's life. It is evident that, by this measure, the emperor purposes intimidation rather than persecution. It is against the spirit of independence, spinet the imperishable patriotism of Poland, that he issues this infernal ukase. In a countr7 where the law punishes with five and even ten yews' imprisonment a simple observation at dinner, it is clear that the threat of Siberia applies to the most ordinary acts of social life. The emperor makes this too real phantom stalk forth much in the time way that the Dukes of Alva, under Philip the Second, erected scaffolds in all the public squares to intimidate the Flemings. But is it not a crying shame to Western Europe that the martyrdom of Polish nationality should thus have been prolonged with impunity during the last fifteen years ? The Cur has torn from the inhabitants of the Grand Duchy every guarantee expressly stipulated, under the safeguard of England and France, by the treaties of 1815. He has destroyed the constitution; suppressed the Polhill chambers; and over turned the judicial and administrative organisation. Every year the recruiting for the Russian army carries off the flower of the Polish youth, whom the Au;ocrat sends to fight and perish at the foot of the Can' asus. Instruction in the Russian language has been prescribed in the schools, and a knowledge of that language is made a necessity with all candi dates for public situations. Not content with tampering with education, the Emperor has endeavoured to change the , religion of the people. All Europe _is familiar with the details of this odious persecution, which the Russian govern ' meat attempts in vain to deny ; and now, behold how in • country where the judges are executioners, they denaturalise punishments ! Transportation to a fatal climate is substituted for imprisonment! After vainly endeavouring to dena tionalise Poland, the modern Caligula labours henceforward to dispeople it. This is the drama at which we coolly look on. The diplomacy of France and England, so active when some wretched, obscure island in the middle of the ocean is in question, is not moved by this blow, struck in the most bar barons manner, not only at solemn treaties, but at the equi librium of Europe. Lori Palmerston has said, in the House of Commons, that if the powers of the north tore up the treaties of Vienna on the Vistula, they would authorise other powers to tear them upon the Rhine and the Po. This is a mat significant warning, and openly declared, but is it enough to give warning that a treaty shall not be violated with impunity, when we are ourselves in the number of the contracting parties Have we not the right formally to de mand the observance of that treaty ? In a century where opinion and moral force have so much authority, it is an abdication of our position not to deduce from it all its conse quences. The Chamber of Deputies in France protests every year in favour of the nationality of Poland. - Would it be necessary for the Chamber to take up the question, if the free governments of Europe adopted it with greater warmth ? O. I have not said anything to-day respecting the deplorable vote by which the majority of the elective chamber has crowned its work in the verification of powers. You are aware that the election of M. Drault has been annulled, under the pre text that he had accepted an imperative mandate from the electors of Poictiers, who, however, will return him again. But I reserve this subject for a faller exposition hereafter. M. Delessert has been declared the fourth Vice-President of the Chamber, ob•aining it by only six vote* beyond the ab solute majority. FILANCE.—THE LATE INCENDIARY FIRM. —The scourge of incendiarian is now devastating *great part of Flamm After being, for a long tine, concentrated in the dibble* of the eamis and the Yonne, it is gradually advanc ing its ether ilipmetiments. The catastrophes succeed oath Whew in the nasal elagetkir and (so way) .rim'ous manner. At ama time an island dwelling, at anotr a whole yil my to the dimes. The.. parts which, after seemed to have escaped from future lienema again suddenly the scene of new dieeinse. In Inatome. the Are has been got nuke, bid Is the disaster is complete. At Quintana see Waist and s house were barest down. It is a ftembt tYi these Ares are in he b t ,,!ed risakieft teisaiengsnes. But who en th., Moen diarie, In WU el bassilary fires the into:femme of j ust i ce i s n.?"? effisealem Of all crimes, perhaps that of the incendiary It the OW Which escapes moat freipmatly hunt I 1' f. ~ . , -c ` 1,,,5. A'.1.11130; i.. .. ) . ' .-. .i 1 :4 ' G SEPTMDER' 4 .1 - 640. . 1 iim . • ~,, .4_ • 1 t goverimmits ere unjust. II 4 " . .„. • axe - 01 . • .. i r evp ...I. . OW • 411 111,.. 1 , 0 rek * net reetPeneak the NI" en his book. We suffer by subs& . ... • litaeC . . .- 11°.- -" 14.1 . . ' l / 4 1 'i - . I ' MI" — . . . _ bArdie : °‘er \ . 611111 :- . illak l 1111 " golis. - " Qliidera wei . Fox i ee f oe th e of of rueltius' Cambridge. The contributors to • . Isatinsoniak, teueortall two spy Mater. , e and o b e dusey of gust's Mem. whose names have from dmirtnihmrappearekere — -- - eene6e a feselris mbar me law." s government is avenged span the the meet eminent merchants thitbol, in London i If *Snake are in be carried on, they should at lesttem. L i g b t u , o b s t ruc t e d here, be --im-iiiaisbusgh-assi_Cologne (=Man of Abe_ 9 1 4.....barlarrierlonsinckly4. andusraahaddinitakanin the ' predominant elsewhere. In this, as Hanseatic 'Anne) tin Oetsest Ina Antwerp (relfe• omtrscts to stipulate for the employment of as many eferable to the laws of trade, our inns. mutative' of the Netherlands) ; in Florence, Messina, men as can work efikiently on the surface enclosed. . . .. _ __. ~_:___ ___- :- e.... --- and Nanlea :in the Levant (Alexandria) ;in the far The more we see and suffer from these oonthused he doe Paddlognis as M It Mirk to preen MEMO. Tee khollitri_oeto fa dm dots id he terb be mimes see ells diserbileathe genre rellimalielt. imai 4temsesl resslisq Moo reas seur Is MA . tie W. his re brigider epos which the . seled. I* Cat is =" ipipiro h lT y * Plea Us 11E41 ti t* Wogs esustry always *hounds in a of vagabeade mega tr. Tires awn, hared dews iv the re Orb wiry rearm devastation ia &Amuse efteapingsehe hee* fres pawl disorder. T* these another ray he added, which haegiebeds Y u W as the ahem A. hy days sines, he arm at Deis try a sees.[ iseesdiseiss. Per doe seises, a yeast hareas wee keg* Inward, wile adored bruit awl desesnerber raster, as *kr easemiles; to her eesertiess, she had ash& 11k leiter deeded the het Ms was semarissims sir to semint s = During re debuts, he IL de la Coldse. es sr lighter& the girl. WM earbeed Y bat tbst al gred i tsid a 1 ; that her raster was Denny and hare had eseadeled the crime. know ohs hod law so this ohm did The smart was of course lib► rated, sad he Bid srasseressed Who Mussel eserecties rise year. This het. width bee dame bar ressurif week re el the errs et isserdery hr. • Oriel hi* /emulous Shoff isereharsdy wader the intairsHe at asergie ray explain psi at the dinging. Medical since has purr hie acreage rersly of the besra rind, MI it toms isewriary imeirmaia, or pyresters. It heaber lastredars is gemmed haw. arise& tamissey to IS L.sserks harm of ismer dissation. eisiess abesr base Isms sale as his subject. hams bees remarks/ that it was a 'malady vary peculiar to yaw./ It It vas Si to say, the last Mai* of a sedasemeraselais whiskoarelbsesolemeler itself is westr, eissesd is brim The cry k avert hoe et ibis ashen, an , grit musty and continual irritation, =d len of Tbey nearly all declared that he dense bolt est, = mee k t ient joy, and that ' : 2:ticw, aril se it _ This curious bee, sl dose, arMair buff is 'giddies of eight MU* It is arab that remule astribres to arouse hid useibpositioss, and that he UMW ahem*. there is 11 . 0 ea as real me is pestilerid &bores : the. bets of * asses of Issed r . abide, and. lassediseir, =ls aided. Wherever a peat are is remitted it Ise ihani =keLhass that sinew Willitt her trues Oar in 4 4== . 411111.1161."% in Pguis Nsmiseatles Icallowisur dorusest whit he NIA with intrust. It is astbestia.—The leash daily seruspers published at Paris are rusty-eve la num ber. The Ohl average of sheets, siesuped durhu seven months, Ma Jan. 1, 1846, to July 81, amber Mir daily cir culation 117,1187 copies, as follows . lalab ./.I*. i n I Env . "' Pr - em . -- . : losnal ties Das*. 11,714 12,N0 11. - as = (two eillilm) Faisit-Püblle Ealaktis (two editkos) Patris OwNan& anew« Ni2! Ossitte des Triburaux ... i.:305 nett Ossetia do Priam 2,971 Curing{ 2,623 (with • r' .: p sAss (Nwlin. ramp& Sits laspls Rekesoe liadtear Parisi= Prow 1,413 Ooralre Silis....-- 'NO 3146•4443 Total circulation ... 137,311 ItiDLLE. R►cnEi.—Mdlle. Rachel, who was ex peated to return to the Theatre Fnunaie in September, hes notified to the committee that her health would sot allow of IS the sow . for six months._ lidlle. Rachel 3ZVeI for Italy. Aceadin to an order from the French Minister of the Interior, M an., swami will receive her celery during her leave of demos. A letter from St. Petersburgh, 22d ult., says " The Empress of Russia, whose delicate constitution cannot' bear the severe winters of this country, will leave St. Peters burgh at the end of September, or the beginning of October at latest, for her delightful villa of Driendl, in the Crimea, on the banks of the Sea of Amt, whinier/1r Majesty intends to reside until next spring." The Duchess Eugene Erdmann de Wirtemberg wee safely delivered, at Buckebourg, of a son, on the even ing of the 20th ult. SWITZEILLAND.—Aocoonts from Berne state that the Grand Couneil of the Republic having nominated the Executive Council on the 29th August, took upon itself the government of the state, and issued the following proclama tion:— "The Cimml Omen of the °maks et berm to the Broom people " Mew 011imes—The new Grog Memel which you have elected out es the tlitt el August. It inmeedbilly esestituted Welt, and at the re ime dm Examen power, b the eemination et the Presi dent *Me Geese Omsk esid the eireise item President and mean time sift llowidln Ommill. sal et Or Dlncton. in wooed with the BM Mordive Ostmsli. I ellerwerde received from the old Gomaimetllst eimbakellea al the Mate, MP'S= *JAW Illierrities are gram, mad the people Mims inst sing ls from them. The Grand Conn -84 se Ihe izawithe Isseeile Inn intention to Rale" them m w en thole skim& mesh. It is ix you, fellow. eitimemOs beillisee *Mr Wk. Take • eanthenal and lively interest In the Milos of 11111.8mra. WWI with MB ewer the liberties, the ruins, sod the tsar et the veggie ; then we shall be happy and &row, sad tied. Vie giesener et ell things, will protect us sod cover us with his henelletimm " Given et hams, the 1811 Angie, 1844, "In the mem or the Grand Council, "The Viee-President, Nl4O/I.li. " The Provisional Secretaries, !kin/UM/WEL, Chancellor. ".I. Bosennosn, Advocate. ITALY.—ROME, AUGUST 17.—Excitement still prevails in the provinoes it is kept up by the partisans of the former system. M. Mondeni, an ewspiwye in the Finances, recently fall a victim ; he was assassinated while on his way to ItIMS on a summons of the Pope. A priest said, from the pulpit, that he did not pray for the Pope, be cause he was a heretic. Renzi entered Rimini preceded by one hundred and fifty women droned in white, his wife bearing a banner with " Viva Pio I X." on it. —Desdache A hoe Zeittasg. a rrhis last weekly public audience, his Holiness, heard the claims of forty-eight persons. Those who had not brought with them • written account of their grievances, made a vied voce statement, of which the Pope him self took notes. His Holiness is occupied with the means of developing the resources of the public wealth, resources which have been hitherto allowed to lie dormant. For this purpose Chairs of Physic and of Mechanics applied to arts and industry, have just been founded at La Sapienza ; a Chair of Political Economy is also talked of. Piedmont has just given a noble example to the other Italian States, by addressing to the Pope its congratulations on the work of regeneration he has undertaken. Amongst the pre lates acting as provincial governors, who actively csncur in the system of Pius IX., must be distinguished Monseignor Ricca, the legate of Civita Vecchia, a son of the celebrated poet Bled, formerly tutor to the children of Murat. Eighty individuals who were confined in the begne at Cirri Vecchia, on mere nupicion of being connected with political affairs, have been liberated through his active solicitude. Cardinal Girl, not wishing that the senerous wishes of his severe h i gn should be imperfectly carried into effect, has just addressed a circular to the authorities, recommending them to practise kind treatment towards the liberated political offenders, and in no case to allow their past conduct to prejudice them in the honest life they may now wish to follow. THE EARTHQUAKE AT PISA.--M. Pills, professor of geology at Pisa, has published an interesting account of the earthquake which was so lately felt over the whole coast of Tuscany. After examining the divers effects of the mo tion in the principal circle of its action, as well as in its secondary extent, he proceeds to show th at the propagation of motion was strongest in the hills of Volterra and Sienna, and more feeble in the secondary parts of the Appenine and the Alps, on account of the different topographical formation and geological construction of both these places. He gives it as his opinion that there was no relation between the earthquake felt in Tuscany and the phenomena which were before and after, in the kingdom of Naples. "On apparentl" says M. Pills, " the sun arose at Pisa upon a calm and beautiful day. At noon, I was, as is my custom, in the Museum of Natural History of the University, clari fying minerals. In that part of the building several of the windows open towards the interior of the town. I felt the heat at the time suffocating, which rendered it almost difficult for me to breathe. I attributed it tothe air of Pisa., which is always too heavy for my con stitution, and I observed to one of the keepers that the air was as if it burnt. At one o'clock the a tm osphere was calm, and soon I began to hear a noise, coming as from an easterly direction. The impression it left upon me was as that of a stormy wind approaching the town • but, upon reflection, concluding this supposition to be imp ossible, I to fear some impending caity. I cannot express the noise more appropriately than by the words of Dante : D &some d'un soon plendi spavento. [The bursting of a fearful sound.) It kept increasing, till suddenly the room began to tremble ; the vibration was succeeded by violent agitation, in a horizontal direction, accompanied by a fearful now. I ran to the window, and there I saw a fearful eight. The houses were shaking to and fro in a fearful manner. My head be ' came giddy, and I was obliged to withdraw from the window. Inside the room the agitation still continued, and the plaster began to fall from the wall, and the noise was increased by the cries which were heard issuing from the neighbouring houses. Gradually equilibrium was restored, and everything was quiet. I left the museum, and entered the streets. Everywhere were to be met people bearing on their faces the marks of the terror which they bad felt. I went in the direction of the leaning tower of Pim, and to my astonish ment found it still standing. I have been told that the manner in which it rocked was fearful to behold. Most of the edifices in Pisa are more or leas damaged ; the vault of the church of St. Michael is ruined, but without accident of any kind. Nobody has perished. Had the oscillations in the perpendicular direction been stronger than they actually were, there is little doubt that the effects of the disaster would have been terrible. During the night following the shock a great part of the population remained in the streets, afraid of venturing into their houses. I think the length of time the principal shock lasted was about 22 or 23 seconds. Lacnioax.—Letters from Leghorn announce, that on the 27th ult., at 50 minutes par 9 - o'clock in the morning, another shock of an earthquake was felt in that city, which mused maidenbie deems. The weather wee intently hot sad dowdy, sad farther adatelet wan sogneheaded. As a mature et pressatien, the aatheeities tat ealseed several housee te be uandoned which had been more or lees injured. GIIIKANT.—VIENDA, AUG. 26.—The Prince of Prima is not expected till the 24th Sept Prince Metter nich will arrive at the isms time. The proceedings of the trials Is Gaels lave been retarded, owing to the arrest of three erifeada free Perin. The reforms of Pius IX. still emits pie tilimlisa. The Jesuit are bent on opposition. A IS lissabssi sides that Count Studios intends atablbhkeg a body of gensdessaseie, similar to that of prude. Atm. 25.--.-D9ring the last week the =mast has best occupied . The Premiers Clossla Wof Muftis delie bet , et I amoroMal the Oki aYlhev totileppei the Nmi the oseseiset et the vista at 183 Mode jeseriase is to eemeert ■ ei delegoo to mod in a report as that the amoembly of a body of warmer into onstiderstion, Napoleon. It has therefore been midst* the members of such royeaminest has Act decided that interior of the countrr 'ball be drained, for the purpose of pre fertilisiag the country. It is in e said land to form colonies of t those near Strasbourg. DENMARK.--COPENHAGEN of Denmark has jut appointed Nitachau, who is at present stay{' in the fele et Fechr, as his commie of Schleswig. The nomination ea indicating a change in the y system Moltke is a Dane, : es t, al the dish of the three and 1 / 1 1 beet Ole eilisnesefee et does there. The *en finished, and ri s t at r e.opensel C. C i t i have arrived from Ha by the • as they are the first seen hew admiration. POLAND.—WATISAW, Auo. CONCIJIMING THE POLISH PRIM demned to hard labour for life in well as all persons condemned to meat for a given time, if their plc are to be sent to Siberia; those work in the mines fix twenty yea in Siberia u settlers for the rest demned for 'given time are to be in the mines or at the fortification' Siberia as settlers for the rest of tl applicable in future to all persona of Poland, whom punishment ex applicable to woman." lEbelifa COWES, SEPT. 12.—This dm panted by his Royal Highness Pri royal steam yacht, proceeded m Fairy, and government steamers, following. The canal salute In and the Royal Yacht Nuadron I the Queen intends vieitang Jerse, thence there is great probability tl to Treport, and once more how her presence. Her Majesty the Queen 1) Higtuion the Princess of Prussia, suites, left town at three o'cioe Cassioburypark, Herts. The an London and North-Western Rail Prince Casteideals, the Nes acted business at the Foreign-of& Mr. Rennie had an interrio tardy ►t the Colonial-office. Mr. John Thornton, Dep Stamps and Taxes, had an intery the Exchequer yesterday is Di Davis, Deputy Chairman of the E. yesterday with the right bon. ger Despatches were sent off 3 the Colonial-office for the Gov Despatches were also sent off rot the ether North American previa, Thb Duke of Wellin gto n for Doer, by the half-past three Eastern Railway , r. . THE " TIMES " TI On . Wednesday a splendid at the London Tavern by the cot public substtiption for the " 'T proprietary of that journal It • conspiracy was concocted in 1839 the plunder of the principal En tent of nearly a million sterling, of credit purporting to be of Mei and Company. The Times laid racy, and afterwards, when one c the hardihood to bring an action 11 it sustained end completed the exj and immense exertion, in a coo Bogle v. Lawson. To indemnify expense it had been at, the bankers in the City subscribed a 1 proprietary preferred not receiving in providing two scholarships Hospital, and in raising table transaction in the Royal Each printing office. Oa this occasion the Lord Mayo Hughes Hughes was the vies-pros of the day there ware peasant, lb of England, the Baron L. de man, M.P., Mr. T. Baring, M.P. other distinguished' Individuals. and after dinner by Rev. Dr. RI Hospital. After the healths of Dowager, Prince Albert, and ethic I drunk with the usual honours and said that the object of was to express the admiration valuable—he would say that in' who conducted the Times newsp spicuously the rights of the public bliahmeat. This he would say, w that while there was ne party the an honest man although he might take more pains than those who h the Times to render entire jostle , ' cumstances, to bring them throw enable them to retain their poeitie them innocent. With that feeli: publication of that kind, under the those gentlemen who compose control of the Times, was essential to the interests of posing " The health of the Pro he was greatly delighted to find excellent friend, Mr. Walter, sat c knew that that gentleman had for to do with that paper, but still he occasions to see justice done in the the community was so great, even be out of his pocket, that he woul the objects of the establishment to propose the health of Mr. Walt proprietors of the Times,—a ge great interest in its conduct, to canoe, and judgment, much of thi was owing,—a gentleman who, su was the first to take up the poor all his arrangements in public and invaluable service to society : he health of Mr. Walter, and proof paper."—His lordship was front address, and the toast was drunk Mr. WALTRII then addressed th press, he said, how deeply I feel me. I can hardly so much sac terms any of your lordship's expo tended for myself, so far do they could claim or expect. Connected out life with the trade of London find, at this time of day, that I pc such an extent. From this city I I have or am, is owing to my ea se the favourable manner in which t ceived. The maim on which which I cannnt reeneasber a pars then, if I feel eons eitbarrasi You have put up in that spier commercial centre Cl this metre world, a perpetual memorial n Lion of the idly pew It is n might covet the ilblinction you there is no emadrialbr jealousy. the invidious task of deciding ben the independence, the ability, a papers. On those points the pub: them, your memorials and this thing to do. One single act has a these overpowering testimonies— , the honourable desires of other j ' yond their means of execution_ they can to serve the public, 77 enabled to do what it did by the disposal—its numerous and trust) its regular correspondence, and establishment which has grown up tads. But I need scarcely say—l greatness better known than in this not have achieved the service you ti been long and successfully engage power is the fruit and the proof of will hear from my hon. friend enough respecting the single ac orating. It is not necessary for which some of you are much mon case was laid before me at the tim advice asked. I certainly gave my they were such as you have this c think that I was likely to offer. take more than my due, allow me accepted your flattering invitat:n appropriate to this place of ha meaning. An Englishman may or may have adopted it for hi: dons may still be in the land of education, of all his earlier, of 1 He is present at a festive meet i which his presence has possibly sty perhaps his own name associated such a one." The toast would be national and honest pride. If, be thing of a political or public chars his native knd, he had assisted at had endeared his country to thou is surrounded—if he had been kn taken in any great work of British British humanity—his satisfactio: is an Englishman, though alum Such is my position with rep my literary and political country and so are those by whom bOnoarable principles an which it „ ;46