The Express. — London, England, 1849-12-15 00:00:00

Vieentroil. OUTGOING MAILS. The West ladle Mills. tzelndieg Bermuda. Hannuah, Ewen, Hardens, New Orleans, sod Mexico, and including swan for Madeira, Bt. Jusn.de-Niesnaus, New Grande, Chill, sad Pen, will bevade op on the mowing es Dee. 17. The ant sae Lis:eoe, Spele, end Gibraltar will be sale up on Its morning of Dee. 17. The wens for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, tholepin Wends, Sept, Ceylon. India, end China, via Southaraptinorill be wade up on the morning of Dee. 20. The mai vitt ean Marseilles, to the Mediterran, Rept, Dollen, Dont Yong, Ike., will be made up ca the evening of Dee. 24. The sails foe Nader* the Brazils. and Bunco Ayresmill Ise made up on the evade, of Jan. 4. 110111 WATER AT LONDOIERIDCt. 2 t Ys. ran .A = 3 i us. Tio-Apssew—liimiit. IIA•••••••• LONDON. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15. Tue sad and solemn ceremony of which we gave an account in our columns yesterday suggests many topics for reflection, of which the press would scarce do well to omit to take advantage. We have already psid our tribute to the many excellent qualiees of the illustrious lady whose remains were on Thursday con-igned to their last resting-place. Unaffected and pious to the last, the dying wish of the Royal Princess—that none of that pomp and ceremonial to which in life she had been used, should be extendedextened to her cold clay in death—may serve as a humility by which we all may profit. There is something very touching in the Queen D.swager's request that she should be carried to the tomb, and not conveyed in a dismal hearse, and that those who waisted in bearing her body should not be the accu-tomed functionaries of the undertaker, but children of the sea, the sons of the profession to which her husband showed his partiality, asd which is so remarkable for the simplemindedness and unaffectedness of all classes of its members. We may be forgiven if • e express a doubt whe ther the wishes of the deceased Queen were in these particulars fully carried out. We can not help thinking that she desired, by her last will, to express something mole than that a body of sailors should merely assist in the ceremony, or, as our reporter describes it, " place their hynds upon the coffin." It seems to w, we must admit, that Queen A D ELAIDE contemplated the actual bearing of her body by sailors instead of undertakers' men, and we honour her for the feeling which evidently dictated the request. The desire of the deceased Queen that there should be no useless expenditure upon the cm menial is 1183 greatly to her honour, and indicates the growth of a feeling upon these subjects among the highest racks of society which we earnestly hope will bring forth good fruits. Nothing is more lamentably wasted than the expenditure which is often incurred upon these ceremonials in honour of the dead. And it would be wrong to attribute this generally to any pride or desire ter display among the wealthy. The fault is rather attributable to the vicious system which undertakers promote for their own advantage. The hour of death is one in which it is not seemly. and in many caws tt is impossible, for the friends of the departed to look too closely after their expendi ture. They cone quently content them-elves with a general order that " the funeral shall he as private as is consistent with respectability." The undertaker's ides of what is " consistent with respectability " is a peculiar idea. Respectability with him means not a horse and gig, as it did in TBVITELL'a ease, but a beans and four, with plumes and mutes. This official having the management of every thirg his own way, makes everything as sp'eedid as he can, in order that be may lay on the charges. Thum it is that ruinous ex penses are incurred, and that " funerals are per formed"—(how expressive is the word "performed"] —after the usual undertaker's fashion. But we need not say that the continuance of this system has a most injurious consequence, and a most pernicious effect The funerals of the great and rich necessarily In fluence the funerals of the class below them,. The natural desire to show respect to • beloved relative or friend tends to the adoption of that mode of show ing it which is practised by the higher crass. Thus we find "mutes" standing at tradesmen's doors, and' ! "feathers" bores before their hearses, although both mutes and feathers are, in poict of fact, merely the corruption of the ancient baronial practice of mounting guard before the gate of a castle and of bearing the casque and plume be fore the body of a departed knight. But for under bikers' " mutes " and " feathers the survivors pay —pay, too, out of all reasonable proportion to the service rendered. "The customary and anal charge; as the lawyers say, for two red-noesd men in black to stand before a door with wands, and for a pottle-bellied man to stagger under the burden of an (mermen waving plume, be comes a monstrous item in the undertaker's bill. What results? The family, perhaps the needy &Se dreu of the departed, are hampered with expenses— and for what? To comply with a demand from which their taste revolts—to produce a transient effect which never is obtaiced! The money spent on the mutes and feathers would secure many a perma nent benefit, if expended in acts of charity. It has been computed that the sum wasted in this way in two years in the metropclis would suffice for the erection cf another St. Paul's, and that a third year's expenditure of the same sort would be equal to its ecdowment for ever. Among the poor the fear of the expenses of a funeral is shown very remarkably by the precautions which they take to provide against them. The Burial Clubs are societies which have their origin in the fears of the poor as much as in their providence. And well may it be so. As a rule there is no such hard-hearted and merciless creditor as the undertaker. He knows his bill cannot be disputed. His " best elm coffin," his "best palliasse and pillow;" his " plate with inscription," are all buried six feet below the surface. His arrangements will all be sworn to as most excellent by every man whom he paid to accompany the hearse. It is said, and we believe it to be a fact, that the enforcement of undertakers' bills, incurred despite the wishes and even the remon strances of the poor, formed a large Rd of the bu,i ness of some of the meet notorious small debts courts of the metropolis. The Palace Court, and such tribunals of iniquity had their under taker,' attorneys and undertakers counsel, just as the Old Bailey has its HUMFRETt+ and BALLANTINES for area sneaks and p ickpockets . And thus the law is made a means, in innumerable instances, of throw ing the poor widow upon charity or on the poor's rate: of rendering the orphans homeless merely to satisfy this death's-head moth. The savings of the poor, under this system, are thrown into the grave, children ate left destitute, creditors are defrauded, and heavy taxes are levied upon friends and neighbours. It is astonishing that this undertakers' iniquity has not aroused public attention long ago. But it is only in isolated cues that the incubus is thrown off. In a supplement to the Sanitary Report, we have an in stance of the kind recorded which deserves to be more widely circulated. A gentleman, who recently had the misfortune to lose a daughter, was dissatis fied with tho undertaker's arrangements fur her funeral. lie had the courage to interfere. He did so effectively. lie insisted upon her being buried without the slightest paraphernalia or parade. With the amount he saved he found himself able to erect, in honour of her memory, a school for 25 village children whom she had taken an interest in instruczing, and not only to erect, but partially to endow it ! Such seethe bene fits that may be wrought by restricting undertakers' hills for useless and only partially rendered services. We trust the example of Queen ADELAIDE will produce its effects upon the higher circles of society ; that they will insist upon the entire absence of all out word pomp and show in the manner of conducting funerals, and that we shall have no more of those dis plays which have been well described as Proud without grandser ; with profusion, mean. The poor will have greater difficulty in guarding against the extortions of the undertaker. For them soma public remedy ought to be providtd. We look to the measures of the Board of Health for some sug gestions upon this head. By breaking up the old corrupt system of complicity between undertakers and managers of London churchyards, thf y may do a great deal towards introducing a new and much im proved system in funeral managemeut. If extra mural interments are insi.ttd on, a new dims of tradesmen will be called forth to supply the new de mind, and the result we may hope to be a salutary competitioL THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, 1849. Qom ADELLIDWIS funeral, if properly turned to mama in this way, may be valaal to society as the oonumeneenteat of a batter system of funeral arrange ment. It was the good taste of the accomplished lady that led her late Majesty to command its performance with entire simplicity and privacy. She blew the rake of the undertaker's display — Dark, but cot awful—dismal, but yet mean— With eosins bustle moves the soubrette ease ; Presents no shoooects under or ;maenad. But weeds ld. eezeseelog glees around. On tore and absolutist contemporaries. the Vines sad the Morning Chronicle, must be highly delightcd at the sitcom of their Wren and p r otegfe, Austria, which has been enabled to effect in poor weak Italy that which it merely threatens, and which one con- I temporaries recommend, in Germany. Austria. as say be eon by the Italian papers, has extended Ne MISS/ frontier and its prohibitive toll from the Pe over Modena, Parma, and Lucca certainly, probably over Tuscany and Rome. Ibis stride of the peat prohibitionist ally of the Times and Chronicle will, if fully aocompliihed, deprive the British nation of a trade worth well nigh two millions sterling. And we are really astonished that the nmes bas not congratulated the ;City of London, where it so lately proned an Austrian lean ; and that the Chronicle does not call for the applause of Manchester, on the triumph of their chosen dynasty and their model government. The suppression of the Austrian jour nals, and the positive adjournment of the promised constitutions, cannot hut endear the l'nd of METTER- Inca to his disciples of the English press. When civil war and blockade drove our vessels and our manufactures from the Elbe, when France dared not think of purchasing, and when Southern Ger many was cut up by the march of armies, our mer chants had always the great resource of Leghorn, through which, and through the free-trade states of Florence and of Genoa, British manufactures made their way not only into all parts of the peninsula, but over the Alpo. The Western Mediterranean, however, with all its ports, is henceforth to be a inure demount. The pro hibition tariff of Spain, on the one side, is completed by the new prohibition tariff of Italy, throughout the whole length of which the custom-house officers of Austria and of Naples, soon destined to wear the same usiform, and obey the same orders, will stand to warn off English ideas and English trade. That dear ally of the Times, the King of NAPLES, for whom its correspor dent perspired so many columns of gloating admiration, had indeed long since driven English traders and vessels from Sicily. Austria now completes the same system for Italy, actually proclaiming that old continental blockade, which was the dream and the aim of NAPOLEON'S hatred of us. And all the while the Times and Chronicle, who affect to have the interests of Britain, and of its trade at heart, keep pet ting and patronising these execrable despots, ex cusing thew tyranny, lauding their bloodthirstiness, and delicately refraining to bestow censure or even a frown upon their determined and active hostility to British interests. The reader hss nothing to do but to open NUGREGOR'S Statistics, in', order to observe first, the old tariff of Lucca and of Tuscany, and then the tariff which Austria now imposes on them by their assimi lation to the fiscal regime of the Lombardo-Veneto kingdom. The tariff of Lucca, through which Parma and Modena were supplied, was ten per cent. ad valorena on all cotton and linen goods, twelve per cent. on woollens, cotton twist 3 lire (about ?Id. each) the hundred pounds. In Tuscany fiscal dues were lit•le more than nominal. In lies of these, if we turn to the Austrian tariff henceforward to prevail, we find cotton manufactures compelled to pay 2s. 4d. a lb., twist 1L 10s. the cwt., and so on in proportion. It may be well remembered, that in the short era of Italian constitutionalism a union of customs was planned between Piedmont and Tuscany, which would have formed a genuine Italian Zolivert in on free trade principles. This Austria now not only prevents for Lombardy but for the central states, hitherto free, which she has reduced completely into her subjec tion, whilst, by taking possession of Lucca, she com pletely interposes between ,Tuscany and Piedmont, and shuts the latter country off from Italy. As the natural effect of this exclusion would bo to fling Piedmont into the arms of France, this has been specially cared for by a clause, which secures to Austria in Piedmont the rights of the most favoured nations. Thus whatever facilities or opening Piedmont might offer to the trade of France or England, must instantly be participated in by Austria, although that land of prohibition could give no equivalent. The result of this, whilst France remains the lubber government that it is, must be to force Piedmont into the Austro•ltalien Zollverein, which will thus extend from the farthest cape of Sicily to the Carpathians and the borders of Saxony. Tory policy, that of Lord ABERDEEN, Lord STAN LEY, Lord LINCOLN, of the Chronicle and Times, would have us not only bow to all this, but fawn upon the power that is actually effect ing it. Austria is, indeed, a great image of clay, with not one limb joined te, or knitting in, the rotten carcase. But by our toleration, our worship, I and our flattery of this despotic and superannuated =cue, we are aiding to put t.igether the most immense and prohibitive commercial empire of Europe, to our own detriment and our own exclusion. Not content, indeed, with sacrificing Italy as well as Hungary to the selfish and greedy maw of this monster, the Tinges and Chronicle would persuade us to throw north Germany into the same grand Zoliverein of prohibition,. Nothing will satisfy them but to exclude the English merchant from Ham burg and from Leipsig, as well as from Leghorn and Vienna. " Down with free institutions," and "down with free trade" in Germany and Italy, is the daily cry of these journals and their correspondents. And tnese same writers and organs, that are abetting the worst and most retrograde principles, both in politics and trade, abroad, affect to be mighty sticklers for freedom of all kinds at home. Can this be ignorance, or a servile tendency to worship anything that is predominant where it is predominant, to flatter the spirit of fret dom at home, und the spirit of servility abroad' We warn not merely the people, but the aliens interests of England, to beware how they depend on such amphibious sycophants as thesN who are ever ready to wear a liberal varnish over what is too palpably disguetiog of toryiem, but who thus adopt tie: po pular side on indifferent matters and questions that do not compromise them, merely to gain confidence and acquire the right and the power to mislead, mis represent and betray the popular party. Two funerals and a christening are about to be celebrated on the same day, and in the same family. The day has not yet been definitively named, but intimations have been given to all the influential friends and immediate retainers of the noble Louse in question, to hold themselves in readiness to partici pate in the solemnities befitting the °modem. An illustrious offspring is to receive the blessing of the church, while both its parents are to be consigned to the tomb. And as the latter are soppos dto hive lived but unhappily together, it has been determined that, from the moment their joint progeny shall re wive a name, their sins and quarrels are to be con signed to everlasting oblivion, and that not another word is to be said about them. The Old Bond-street Society for the protection of industry and agriculture, and the young Association for the promotiou of agriculture and industry, have agreed to terminate their protracted fends by putting an end to their own existence. Confessedly they Lace lived and striven in vain. The purpose of their be ing has in ro respect been accomplished ; and nothing in their life has so become them as the leaving it. The Protection Scciety has protected nothing from the influence of free competition; and the Na tional Association has signally failed in all its addresses to the nation. The nation has, in fact, been tolerably unanimous in repudiating it, and rejecting its 'madams of every species. So there is nothing left for either but immediate diesolu , don; and once dissolved their patriotic desire is that they may be forthwith forgotten—a valedictory re quest which it would, ander the circumstances, be inhuman to disregard. But the christening—what shall the name of Baby Bunting be ? or who will perform the initiatory rite ? Many dignitaries of the church have offered. Orange deans from Ulster compete for the honour with Paireyite prelates from the Land's End. There is not a pluralist whose tithe c-mposit;on is likely to be plucked to the value of a sheaf, who is not ready to show in this fashion hie sympathy with the labouring clams. Not a canon residentiary, with visions of an arehdeaconry expectant, who dens not feel conscientiously impelled to bear testimony thus to his attachment to the ancient impositions of the country. Neither will volunteer 'passers be wanting. Dukes and earls will vie with one arother for the distinction, and the greatest puzzle will be to adjust the conflicting claims of those who aspire to the honour of contributing to the infant struggler's name. " The Knowsley Knot" has been s ; bat a ¢tethering storm was soon on iticnitonD s brow, and the idea wasforthwith abandoned. Others suggested that, as nobody could posibly feel jealous of the Duke of NEWCASTLE, the new conspiracy might be called the Clamber Club; but acme one asked maliciously whe ther the fret-l!'" 1 :::: 7 , ;;,,il 4. kat torrent thi. into Lumber, or still worst, into the Itieumbered Club, and so set people laughing when nothing stall laugh able was really meant. Any proper name was found to be inadmissible where the character and meaning were alike felt to be improper. Finally the opinion of the great high priest of the party prevailed. He argued convincingly against any denomination that would afford a handle fee ridicule hereafter, or impose a fetter on freedom of action or inquiry. He was convinced by experience that there was nothing they bad so much to fear as being laughed at. The agricultural many did not read books ; and as for statistics, they could always be supplied to order of the shape and size that from time to time might be deemed desirable. But there wee a fatal fascination in sarcasm and fun which impelled the sorest and the most sensitive to listen to those wise turned them into ridicule. He could speak from ex perience ; for, as he bad once heard the wittiest of their enemies say, "the drummer fears the lash." Above all things, then, let them beware of a sickname. Why should they divulge to free-trade and demo cratic reporters the secret of their future destiny . He defied any one to say that in the many speeches he had himself uttered about "adequate protection" and "equalization of burthens," he had divulged the secret of what he in tended to do when he was in office. He recommended an imitation of his example in this respect. An air of mystery would be much more apt to terrify their foes than an enumeration of their weakness—he meant of course their etrergth. By talking vaguely and vastly they would, or at lent they might (and here Mr. DISRAELI sighed deeply, and Mr. BANKES was observed to be much effected), achieve something either in the present or in the next parliament. But everything definite or distinct must at any Ilezaid be avoided, it they would baffle the malice of their opponents. The consultation, which was strictly private, being finished, a committee was appointed to arrange mat ter., and the grand bierophant waved his hands, looked inspired, and disappeared from vulgar gaze, after the fashion laid down in all the beat works of fiction. 1 he new association is still uncircumcised. We have heard of a man without a shadow, but this is an - -sociation without a name. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY, 5 30 P X M. de Montalembert was the only speaker yester day on the important question of the excise on drinks. He was eloquent, and was listened to attentively by all sides of the house—the Right applauding to the skies all that he said. M. de Montalembert established himself as the champion of every tax and every mono poly. For a considerable time he was beside the ques tions at issue. He sang the praises of the French finan cial system, and of taxation in general. This vast centralised system, he slid, was in its purest state in the time of Napoleon; and if since then the burden of the country have increased, it is the fault of de mocracy, but still the system is pod, and ought tot to be touched. But, in additton to this belief, M. de Mootalembert urged, like M. de Charancey, that indirect taxation was superior to that which came more directly on the people ; and he considered that drinks ought most certainly to be so taxed, be cause they are commodities consumed FT the mass, atd than which no better can be found. 'lazes on the consumer were, he thought, a sign of wealth, for the people only paid them when they had wherewithal to do so. This sentiment M. de Montalembert him- self contradicted afterwards by saying that he hoped the tax on brandy would be increased, on account of the prevalence of drunkenness in many de partments. In the course of his panegyric upon all taxation, monopolies had their share of praise, and the following passage received the most ardent ap plause from the benches of the Right : "People for a long time resisted the tux on tobacco, but inquiries were made, debates took place, and by degrees all opposition ceased, reason triumphed, add now, thanks to heaven, you have the most abundant and legitimate of your products, in the shape of 117 millions, furnished by this tobacco monopoly, formerly so much attacked and so calumniated." Coming to the subject of the tax itself, M. de Mon talembert said that its abolition would virtually abo lish the uctroi, or entrance du.,: in towns. The profit would be all to the wine-growers, and not to the con sumer., who would pay just as dear, and he conclude' a long speech by showing the peril that threatened pro perty from the invasion of socialism. Tne speech is praised for its eloquence by the partisans of the honourable deputy, but even his most ardent admirers will admit, as indeed he partially confessed, that he knew little of the subject ho treated. The Presse says that, whe ther the tax be abolished or maintained, the old citadel which M. de Nlontalembert has so valiantly defended, that citadel of French fiscality, as he has called it, will not be saved from ruin. It is undermined by a deficit of 600 millions; it is dis mantled by postal reform and the reduction of the salt-tax. The abolition of the tax on potable liquors is a means of getting out of the financial difficulty. To-day the debate was resumed by M. Pascal Dupre, who refused to give up his turn of speaking to M. Jules Fevre. M. Duorat's speech was in reply to some aspersions of M . de Montalembert against the members of the Mountain. That body, said Le, had certainly voted away the tax; but they bad not voted any substitute for it, from which it could be inferred that they meant to disorganise the administration. M. Leon Faucher, woo followed, said teat real reformers should wait fur peaceable times to work their ends, and, in the meantime, they should render the levy of taxes easier if possible; but it was the idea of an agitator to abolish taxes without looking at the future, and without seeing what could be found to atop the gop made by their aooliion. And at what time was it that this tax had been voted away, said M. Faucher ; it was at a time when 100 zillions were due to the Bank, and when authorisation had becn given to draw 100 more. Even with those resoneces the expenditure reached the sum of 1,480 millions ; whilst, the receipts being only 1.333 millions, left a deficit of 123 millions at least. Was it under such circumstances that a tax producing 100 millions could be abolished. M. Gouin read his report yesterday to the commit tee on the bill for the issue of 73 millions of francs in notes by the Bank of France. The report recom mends the adoption of the bill. It appears from the returns of the Bank cf France that the metallic reserve has spin increused about 43 millions, of which sum 21 millions are for Paris, and 2 for the departments. The discount accommodation in Paris has declined about 300,000 fr. and in the provinces about 2 mill:oee, the amount Of the former being 40,816,385 fr., and in the provinces 73,614,813(r. The protested bills show a alight diminution, being about 90,0001 r. less in Paris, and about 15,0001 r. lets in the branch banks. The whole amount in the former is 2,429,716 fr., and of the latter 1,903,682 fr. On the side of the liabilities the notes in circulation have declined in Paris about 31 millions, and have increased in the departments about lof a million. Tle credit amount of the treasury continues to increase, being at present 74 428,392 fr., or 3 millioue higher than last week. Private accounts current in Paris remain nearly as they were, but in the provinces they have fallen off nearly 11 millions, the amount of the former being R0,120,368fr., and of the later 27,289,883 fr. The whole amount of the metallic reserve is now 420: millions, to 433 millions of notes in circulation. The Lee nenaent says "In consequence of an expe riment made on the 11th inst. by the committee of the Boulogne railroad, by which the distance between Paris and London was run over in nine hours, the minister of finance has rerolced to send an inspector of finances to Boulogne and Wahl, to ascertain the means of accelerating the snail service between France and England." The committee of agricultural colonies in Algeria is occupied in examining the numerous applications emit in for permission to be rent to Africa. The committee continues to despatch agricultural labourers to the co lony, and has ap to the present time sent oat about 2,000. Whole families are also from time to time al lowed to proceed to Algeria, but this of late has be come of somewhat rarer occurrence. The Provisional Commission of the department of the Seine was yesterday occupied with the 8,057 claims made by the inhabitants of Paris, whose pro- perty was injured during the insurrection of June, 1848, and expressed ita regret at the delay which had taken place in indemnifying them. The losses are estimated at 7i rektii, Du H. nOr!t.tE. Toe Money. ?or Amount. II per Cents. 56 15 5 per Ceuta. 9l 10 5 do. New Loam . , 1 le per Coats. 6 o' 4 per Cents. 7l 50 Bushings on London : 110 da, Belgian, , 1640 tio. $, 11142 Do. 45 — „ Treasury Bonds... 44 „ Do. 24 — a Bank Shares Booms—Paris and Orleans, 737 30; Paris and Rouen, 546 75 ; Rouen and Ham, 240; Straabourp and Basis, 103; Centre (Vier ion), 325; Bordeaux, 403 ; North. 455 : Paris and Strasbourg. Tosn and Nubia, 277 50; Dieppe and Pseamp, 160 ; St. Ger mano, 410; Yandlim (right bank), M. I Opsniog 111.bsst. LOWCOL I CIIIIVIC 1 176 43 371 45 6710 59 13 91 110 91 SO 91 23 91 110 If M . r .1 P. le I. PO 11 U 10 days, 23 40; 90 days, II SSC 97. 1 Ilapiss Santis. 94 limey SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the Bth pnblishta a decree containing certain regulations on the Bank of SAD Fernando. The bank is to have a govtrnor, at a salary of 100,000 teals (25,009 fr.), and two sub governors at 50,000 reale. These functionaries, who are to be paid by the shareholders, are to discharge the duties heretofore performed by a royal commis sioner for 60,000 reale. M. Santillon, a senator, has been appointed governor of the back, and MM. Valle and Pareja sub-governors. The decree provides for the extinction of a certain number of notes, so as to reduce the circulation of them to 100 , 0 00 , 00 0 teals. Macaw, Dec. 7.—Three per Ceara., 34 ace. roar par Cents., 121 paper; Five per Cents, 131 piper. Coupons, ti paper. Rook of C. Yeroinand, 89 paper. Yichang* on London. 501,1. ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—The Conslitutionnel, under date of Rouse, December 5, bas the following :—" 1 have just received a very important piece of news. which I Mitten to transmit to you. The Marquis Sachetti, who was to have sent this week to Naples a quantity of decorations which the Pope had ordered, has just received directions not to do so. A lie rson generally , well informed of what is going on, has jest told me in a positive manner that his holiness is ex pected here towards the end of next week or the be ginning of the week following. At an early hour this morning the large state carriage of the Pope was taken to the Vatican. Judge of the my of Rothe and of the catholic world if this news of his coming back turns out to be true! We shall then see the horizon clear, aid our hearts will open to some hope. The Pope once more at Rome, the European question will be half solved, and we may hope that everything will be terminated in a pacific manner. Yon are aware that General Rcstolan has received from the holy father the grand cross of the Ordine Piano, and that his aide-de-camp has also been decorated. It is stated that at the first non-official interview of General Barapay d'Hilliers, the Pope asked him if be were married. The general replying in the affirmative, his holiness took from his secretary four precious chaplets which had been consecrated by himself, and gave them to the general for his family. General Baraguay d'Hilliers has not yet returned to Rome , but is expected every day. M. de Corcelles, it is said, will come with him. LOMBARDY.—A letter from Milan on the 4th says :—" M. de Schwartzenberg, a relative of the Aturrian minister, has just arrived here, accom panied by two functionaries of the department of commerce. They have come, it is said, to settle some questions which are about to arise with respect to the customs treaty, of which the bates were settled at Vienna at the end of November, between the Duchies of Parma, Modena, the States of the Church, and Austria. A tumour, which appears to be confirmed, has caused great sensation in commeecial circles; it appears that all the customs duties aro to be essentially modified, and that the navigation of the Po and of all its tributaries, such as the Tecino, the Adds, the Oglio, the Mincio, and even the Canal Memo, are to be completely free. A pantifir;al commissioner is expected here with respect to the same matter. SARDINIA.—Tun ELECTIONS.—Our correspon dent writes : TURIN, Dec. 10. I hasten to inform you of the result of the elections at Turin. All are in favour of ministers, and equally averse to absolutism and ultra democracy, or re publicanism. Pinelli, the late minister, is one of the elected. From the provinces, about 1t out of 20 members, whose elections are known, arc for minis ters. M. d'Azeglio is among the members. There will be a majority, perhaps not a large one, but suffi cient for the government to go on without having recourse to • new dissolution. Mamiani and reveral other modeuto men of the left centre have been named. The deputies of Turin are Counts Caneno, Balbo, Galvagno, Gloss, Pinelli, Revel, and Professor At Genoa M. Sauli has !vett chosen; at Alessandria M. Rattazzi; General Dubernuda at A viglione. Mel lam, of the left, has been elected at Casale. GERMANY. THE lONIAN ISLANDS. UNHEARD-OF AND UN-ENGLISH ATROCI TIES, UNDER SIR H. WARD, IN CEPHA- LONIA. TO THE EDITOR Or THE DAILY NEWS. SM.—Tee extracts from the Greek paper, Athena, published at Athens, which I subjoin below, on the conduct of Sir H. Ward and those under his orders in Cephalonia, will, I am sure, astonish the English public and the English press no less than they have me. Was I not well aware of the more than impar tial character of the Athena—indeed, of its thoroughly British tendencies and connexions—l might be in• :lined to doubt the authenticity of its reports; but I have ream in to know the contrary, and must feel con vinced that the statement, if in any way coloured, has been softened down in favour of the English and Sir H. Ward, the Altana using, as is wen known, toe official organ of the British embassy at Athens. Can it be believed, however, that such outrages have been committed under the British flag? Can it be believed that after men were executed, the bar barity of brutal vengeance has been carried, under British orders, to the extent of pulling down their houses above their families, and carrying away . even the stones, pouring wine and oil to waste in the street, uprooting and chopping down vineyards, &o. ? Is this blind and brutal vengeance the act of English men? under the order of an English gen tleman and statesman? No! even now I cannot believe it, despite the leading article of the Athena, the indignant letter of its correepor.dent, and the mournful corroboration of these painful incidents by unmistakeable allusions in the lonian newspapers, who as yet are muzzled on the subject. For the honour of England ai.el those who respect the English name I hope that, on the meeting of the British legislature, an investigation into this horrible and painful subject will take place without delay by a commission of inquiry ; and, should the facts of the case be as they are here alleged by the leading Greek journal, I trust no time will be lost in the recal of Sir H. Ward by the amiable sovereign whose power he has so ferociously &Aped, and that her Majesty will deprive him of the Lew honotus which have re cently been so unworthily bestowed upon him. I am, &c., AN lONIAN. Erictheum Club, Dec. 13, 1840. LEADING ARTICLE FROM THE ATHENA. ATHENS, Ocr. 8, 1849.—0ur readers will see by the fol lowing letter from Patru the inhuman form-rat which the lonian government has inflicted upon our brethren in Cephalonia. And why ? Because the inhabitants could not capture and deliver to the authorities the two chiefs of the disorders, viz., the Priest Lawyer and Vlacco ! It is impossible to believe the barbarous and inhuman mein, which the protectors of the Septinsulars have adopted on this occasion, not only towards the Cephalonia's., but against all the o ther islanders. Although we have received numerous communications lately from the spot as to the atrocious and unhear.i-of con duct of the commiseioner, still we cannot persuade ourselves that it can be possible that men who bout of being in the high est degree civilised could be guilty of such atrocities unless it is their policy to convert the liberty they themselves enjoy in their own country into inhuman and cruel tyranny in others under their dominion. We refrain, therefore, from publishing other terrible deeds which are detailed to us by several correspondents, until we are perfectly satisfied of their truth. PATKAS, OCT. 6 (0. 8 ).—The doings in unfortunate I Cephalonia are horrible beyond all precedent. It is hardly possible to believe that an Englishman can be the actor of such deeds of horror; nevertheless, the High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, Mr. Ward, has surpassed in atrocities even the barbarians of Persia. The lonian Press, and especially that of Cephalonia, dare sot to expose the deep misfortunes of the land ; let, there fore, the Greek press raise its vo:ce, and let that voice be a voice of thunder. For the sufferings of humanity, as well as that the sufferers are cur brethren, let our press make known to the world the ferocious doings of this Commis sioner and of his court-martial. For the crimes of individuals they have proclaimed mar tial law over the whole island and placed it under siege or blockade! And why is all this ? In order to capture two malefactors, who probably are concealed in the caverns or rocks of the Wand. The punishments which the court martial, award are two—death and flogging. Death is Mil:cud in some cases by hanging, in others by shooting or beheading, according to the taste of these judges; so that these judges have per. fected themselves in a knowledge of the agonies of each of these kinds of death, that they may know the difference between the one and the ether method of infliction. The flogging is performed as follows : The victim is brought out naked in the public place ; the disgusting ex hibition is announced by the ringing of a bell; and imme diately an inetrumenr, composed ut seven straps of leather, with pieces of lead fitted on them at certain intervals, tears and lacerates both the skin and flesh from the back of the sufferer. From tole horrible punishment the greatest tart of the victims have up to the present moment died, and those who survive can scarcely be recognised by their friends. Up to the present time (October 17), about twelve hmen have been either abet, hanged, or beheaded, and 1 more than thirty have been flogged !• In addition to these horrible ieftetions, hear others that follow : the houses of all suspect , tel persons, or rather of whoever may he dissatis fied with the government, are pulled down, and the very stones are removed to six or eight hours' distance, at the ex , pause of the proprietor ; the casks of wine and oil are set running in the streets of the villages, they destroy and dig up the gardens and the currant plantations, and sink the boats and vessel's without any examination or formality. But, good God ! why is this ? Because the government cannot capture two brigands ! The commissioner Ward says in his proclamation, that he has sufficient force, and therefore demands from the Cephalonisas the der of the two assassins or he will continue the same murderous measures. Such atrocious acts were never before perpetrated in the lonian Islands, and we feel aexious to see what the Brit'sh parliament will say when the deeds of horror practised by their worthy commissioner shall come to its knowledge. • Sir 11. Ward, in his speech to the atoembly, declares that twenty one persons have been put to death, but does not mention the number who have been dogged FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY IN LINCOLN.—The Lincoln and Lincolnshire Freehold Land Society hove issued an address, to push on the movement for the moral and poli tical regeneration of the dependant claws. The working me n are enjoined by diligence, prudence, and forethought, to obtain a voice in the making of the laws they are coin polled to obey, and a voice in the checking of the undue im position of taxes. The following is called from the address : —" Remember also, working men, that old age is fast 'p i proubing ; prepare for its many infirmities and pressing neceesitiee, that your last days may not be embittered by poverty, resulting from inactivity, intemperance, or improvi dence. Resolve, if possible, to kelp yourselves in dependent of the perish, by laying up something in store before the evil days come. Inspire your families with the same honourable resolve : show to them, by your own example, how invaluable are the fruits of industry, economy, and forethought. Live yourselves, and train up yourchildren, in the practice of strict morality ; for, as honeety is the best policy, so morality is the beat economy. Vice is expensive, frequently the parent of poverty—always of misery. But sobriety, righteousness and godliness, are great temporal as well as religious gain. Be sober and moral, be diligent in your business and frugal in your expenditure, and be members of a Freehold Land Society, that you may enfranchise yourselves from your political thraldom, and secure the civil immunities of your nation. Many sable slaves have by industry and economy accumulated money sufficient to purchase their personal freedom; by the same means you may achieve fur political emancipation. They parted with their money their liberty; you may se cure your freedom and retain your money with accumulation. Will you not at once determine to make an effort ? Resolve, c:mmenee, persevere, and in a short time your exertions will be crowned with success. You will soon acquire ' a stake in the hedge,' a voice in the imperial parliament, and the dignity of citizens. You will show respect for yourselves, and claim respect from other,. You will ele vate your position in society, and increase your moral power for the good of your families and the welfare of your country. How many and important would be the moral and social advantages resulting from vigorous and well-directed efforts on the part of the working claws generally to better their condition in society ? To them selves, to their families, and to the community at large, the benefit would be incalculable. In that case, would there not he fewer criminals and less need for prisons; fewer paupers, and less need for union-houses ? And, as a consequence, would not local rates and imperial taxes, which are now repressing the energies of trade and drying up the springs of national prosperity, be far less oppressive ? The physical condition of the labourers, the pecuniary re , ourcee of the country, and the moral power of the nation, would be in no small degree improved and augmented, whilst the whole social system would be renovated. It is not by convulsive shocks, or ploysicil tonne, or acts of parliament, that a na tion can be socially regenerated; this can be effected by moral means only. Intelligence must be increased, right principles disseminated, moral character Improved, and every man taught to be his own relieving-cif cer."— Lincoln Mercury. FALL FROM A SCAFFOLD.—An accident of a fright ful character occurred on Wednesday, to three men, named John Ready, aged 26, Abraham Scholes, aged 34. and James Norris, aged 29, labourers in the service of Mr. Myers, the extensive builder, who had get the contract to erect a new church in Laritball-lane, Clapham. Fhe three men were engaged on a scaffold nearly 50 feet high, when some portion of the wood work gave way, and they were precis 1- tated to the ground with tearful violence. Assistance was speedily rendered, and two were found to b e mos t shock ingly injured, their bodies being much lacerated; they hod also fractured ribs, and other external wounds. A cab was procured and they were conveyed to Guy's Hospital, where I they are going on as favourably as can be expected- I LORDLY LANDS YOU SALE.—SOMO Of the most irretrievably encumbered estates, and, at the same tune, most , extensive in the south of Ireland, already brought tinder the control of the Court of Chancery, or the Encumbered Estates Bill, are those of the Earls of (Bengali. Mountcuhel, King- I ston, Portarliugten, Limerick, and Viscount free man's Journal. AUSTRIA. The monthly sAiblication of the affairs of the Bank at Vienna affords bat a very imperfect view of the state of the circulation or the finances of Austria. There is a forced circulation of government notes, based upon the revenues of Hungary and Lombardy, no account of which is published by the government or the newspapers, but which must exert a very serious influence upon the Austrian finances. So long ago as February, Windischgratz began the issue of these notes, of from 1 to 1,000 florins, commanding them to be accepted for their full value in payment for supplies throughout Hungary, under the threat of punishment by court-martial in cue of refusal. Haynau continued these issues, backed with all the ter rors of his authority, and having had the whole of Hungary in his hands, the country was thoroughly saturated with these forced notes. In the beginning of September the Austrian government issued an ordi nance, ordering this paper to he received as cash in all the other provinces of the empire, since which time it has circulated throughout the Austrian dominions. It would be difficult to estimate the total amount of these notes in circulation ; probably the government itself has no exact knowledge upon the subject, but as they were issued to pay the greater part of the expenses of the war, as they are still employed in paying the cost of the army, the spies, and the civil enployfs in Hungary and Italy, and as the amount is constantly augmented by daily issues, it must be a moderate estimate to assume that there is from 10 to 13 millions sterling in the hands of the public. How the government is ever to:redeem these notes,in addition to its other obligations, is beyond our comprehension, and probably never enters into its calculation ; but there is another difficulty from which it will not find it so easy to escape. These forced notes being re ceivable in payment for taxes, as cash, and being now at a discount of 10 per cent., the revenue will suffer a loss to that extent—a loss which will be aggravated with every increased issue of these forced notes. With diminishing receipts, and an increasing expenditure, it is not easy to see how the Austrian government is to escape the financial precipice before it. THE HOMEWARD INDIAN MAIL.—In consequence of the Linnet invaria►ly late arrival of the homeward Indian Mail in the month of September, owing to the weather ex perienced by the mail packet during her marine from Calcutta to Suez, the Lords of the Admiralty havejout Lined instructions to the authorities in India to despatch the mail steamer from Calcutta on the sth of August instead of on the 10th as hcretotne. By this crrangement the Indian Mail, by way of Marseilles and Southampton, may in future be expected with more certainty to arrive on the 22nd and 2Gth of September than has hitherto been the ease. Ebe Court, l O tbseie S kyr ß ti: O rge ll tou 7 nler , akti b t.oy ai abcrill , tetity„ : o44. The Queen and Prince were prevented by t he m a t s o fr f ol th is e vißoy w in e d a aso th l Hr er ieg t aih h n ie tle m s: o tha rn te in hp g ariun f - r pe o eu ra t walk. evening. There wu no addition to the royal dinner po tty yut at i al. Mr. John Wood, Chairman o u, fth rd e II ? Revenue, and Col. Breretou (Royal Hors, Artillery, b id (41:elideirtirarf Inland an interview with the Ch.ncellor of the Exchequer y en , daat his official residence in Downing -street. Lord John Russell left his residence, Pemb ro k, Lodge, Richmond Park, yesterday, for Osborne, hi s 0 Wight. The Marquis of Lansdown e Coux.eii), le( .town yesier:say for his seat, Boma P er, Wilts. Mr. Tidd Pratt and Mr. Higham, Eterelary sad Comptroller-General to the Commissioners for the R-duerk,„ of the National Debt, had an interview yest er d ay om tka Chancellor of the Exchequer. Despatches for the Governors of Canada and do other North American colonies, were rent off yesterday m a , log from the Colonial-office. Del•patebes were ribu Sett g last evening for the Governor of Van Diener', Lull. The Judicial Committee of the Privy (.... unc i hit yesterday. Th. Lords present were the Archhi.o op , cif Canterbury and York, the Bishop of London, the 'deni m g the Rolle, Lord Campbell, Mr. Baron Parke, d ie vi,, Chancellor Knight Bruce, the Chancellor of the Dul ly , ' rlse urt u o d i ge A o r f ch th es e — A , d , in u i o r t a h lt a y m C y o . u t i r t i , e 8 i i.b k e...7 . 0 the d C ; Exeter" (part be ad) was resumed. The app ea l i r spp r i atil ' for further hearing on Monday next. Cpeearlftfwroall,an (From Isst night's Gru.:ette.) COLLEGE OF ARMS, DEC. 14.—The interfreat of the remains or her late most excellent :Stalest) , h- (h ut , Dowager took pace yesterday in the Royal Chapel at Su n George, at Windsor, in a most private manner, it, (~i,fo mi t y with the expressed wishes of her late Majesty. FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 11.—The Queen has bee n pleased to approve of Mr. Joseph Hitler as Comm:, is D. lin, for the French R public. Also to approve Mr, E Walierst.in as Consul-general, in the tatted &Wool, fir the Ripublie of Oustemsla. FOREIGN -OFFICE, DEC. 14.—The Queen by b in pleased to appoint John Liwbses, Eq., to bs her Ilsjeitr i Consul in the Island of Martinique. THE PROTECTION SociiitiEsi.—At a special mat ing of the Surriety for the Protection of Aaric•tera sad Hriti.h Induatry, which was attended by a depu4 . l9o from the Nationll Aesociation for the Protection of butob la. dustry and Capital, it was yrat,rday unauimcrrl t reaelr e d that the two aticieties he united, and a comnii.bi •4eP pointed to make the ncetesary arrangements. The moan s was very fully attended. TIIE LORD MAYOR entertained lest ay. niNr, the Mansion•house, the I. ,rd Mayor and Cos. snider, together with a numerous circle of private (rink Coven were laid for forty. Among the visitors or-venter, Sir Jamee MAdam, Mr. Alderman flumpherr, N.p, Alderman and Sheriff Lawrence, Mr. Sheriff Nicoll, yr. Under-Sheriff Millard, and Mr. I:Eder-Sheriff Wirt SMITHFIELD CLUB ANNUAL DINNER. The usual anniversary dinner of the Sm:thfield Cattle Club was held yester.lay, in Freemason , ' Mill, hit Grate the Duke of RICHMOND presid,nz. Tour ',map present the Hon. Capt. Pelham, Col Sibthorp, M P., J.V. Shelly, W. Wilsoo, .Esqrs., &c. &c. The at.tu.loses er net so numerous as on homer tec.sions. _ On the removal of the cloth, the CHAIRMAN gus "As Queen," an illustrious lady who was always actuated byths most anxious desire to promote the welrare of all demist her subjects. But, conspicuou, u were the regal ‘inuel her Majesty they were not more urnarlable tra, thuds. mestic qualities which rendered her an rgansp:t t, adds women of her empire. He gave " the Oaten," with gm times three. The toast was drunk with much a nt. The next toast was, " Prince Albert, and the ecst of to royal family." His Grace said that the members of tee club had tenets to feel very grateful to Peen Albert for the support be had invariably givu to their club. (Cheers.) His Royal Highness was tbil lee an exhibitor, and had gained one premium, and wale is doubt have had great pleasure in going through the she, accompanic d most probably by her most gracious Majesty, had it not been for the loss beta had suffered in tee Inane an illustrious lady—(hear, hear)—oho, during he life, bed been distinguished by the practice of every Chrieian nen —(load sheen)—one who had no pleasure durieg limonite than that of ameliorating the condition of her pm neighbours. (Loud cheering.) He gave then, "Prom Albert and the rest of the Rossi Family:" (L ud cheese The Duke of RICHMOND then rose to give the toast of the evening. Ile said : The next toast on my Beak, 0 Success to the Smithfield Oattle Club." It is one wtiei I give with the greatest satisfaction. (Loud cheers.) Gm Brazen, from circumstances, to which it would not le right for me just at this moment to allude, the show I this teem is not so numerous as I have seta it on former occaeions, yet still I feel that I may congruities the club on the show whi. h they have brought to the yeti during the last week. (Loud cheers.) I believe you will agree with me that in many classes there never was a better exhibition. (Hear, bear.) If I mention the cow class, sad that of the short-woolled sheep, I believe you will agree wit me that • better sample was never shown in Smithfield. (Hear, hear.) It may be said that I praise the Se:dell show because the club gave me two premiums. Will, Ida think my sheep very good—(hear, hear)—but I am de lighted that • Sussex meant farmer has taken h. ea me the gold medal. (Cheers.) I have a treeing provincial feel ing, and therefore I think that Sussex should sb ways bear away the prize in South Done sad when I could not get it myself, I am delighted that it should be obtained by such a rletsut straightforward fellow as my neighbour Rigden. (Cents and laugh er.) Clubs like the Smithfield have been attacked s a being of ne use, but I thick I can show you why tines of use. It is not only for the show at me bazaar that's take credit, but we say that the establishment of the club has induced farmers to turn their attention to the improve- ment of their stock. This 1 know, that it goad stock don't pay, bad cannot ; and, therefore, I am glad to testify that if you go into the various markets of the country, you will find that the example of the clubs, and of the various local institutions, has made • vast alteration in the loped ance of stock from what it exhibited twenty yeses ego. I feel that it is of the greatest importance to farmers to know, not that they might always produce animals so tat as arc exhibited for przes, but to know what sort of cattle most readily accumulate flesh, and are there fore of the right sort for stock, and the matter becomes still more important, when we consider the great number of young farmers that visit our show-yard. (Hear, hem.) Those young men having determined to follow the not vere profitable profession of their fathers—(hear, liter)—it most important that they should obtain every variety of practical knowledge, especially in the all-important depart ment of the roaring of stock. There is another advantage in these club', and one which I have always felt, and that is, that they afford an opportunity for bringing the owaen and occupiers of land together, a thing which mu-t always be of the greatest advantage to both. (Hear, hear.) I regret that this cur annual dinner is cot better supported by the landowners, who of all men should take the greatest interest in the development of the resources of the land. (Hear, hear.) I am not now going to sound my owl praise, but ever since I came home from the wars, I have tikes every opportunity of meeting the tenant farmers, &easel ask my brother landlords is to attend one of our meeting! ? when I am sure that the reception we shall give them, saes be such as to make them regular attendants ever after. (Loud cheers.) I believe this club to be of great national importance, and therefore I propose that we drink its prat perity with three times three. The toast Laving been duly honoured, the noble CHAIR MAN proceeded to read the awards of the judges, whin have already been published in the Express, and then to propose the health's of the heads of the various chesee. The first toast was " Mr. Jones, the holder of the gold medal* , the prise oz." In proposing this toast the cheirmea es pressed ,his hope that the success of Mr. Jones this yid_ would sot induce him to relax his efforts, but that he meg a be an enterprising candidate at each future show. Mr. JONES returned thanks. " The health of Mr. Walmsley, the successful candidate in long-woolled cheep," was the next tease Mr. WALMSLEY returned thanks. The CHAIRMAN sail his next toast was" The Succor ful Candidate in Short-woollcd Sheep;" and he was hog to add that the prizeholeier was a Sussex farmer who rd been the lord lieutenant of his county. (Cheers.) He es" trio Health of Mr. Rigdeo, and he trusted that be weed s° on prespirouely in the march of agricultural improvement. Mr. HIDDEN, in returning thanks, caogneul :tea her self that Sussex sheep bad carried away the prize f r "shed wools," but his exultation was diminished when Iv' rend lected that their formidable opponent, Mr. Webb, had net no sheep to the present show. However, if be had. he (Mr. Maiden) had no doubt but that he should have bees able for him. (Cheers and laughter.) He thanked Shell for the welcome with which they had received his heeltle and he trusted they would have nn opportunity for exhibit; hag equal friendship on the neat club day. (Cheers ad laughter.) The CHAIRMAN gave 5 ' The successful candidates is class 20 (Digs)," and called upon Mr. Druce to return thank!: • Mr. DM:CR felt very grateful for the compliment PI him, and proud that he had merited the award cie tle judges. He felt that now, more than ever, was the emu es which the farmers of England should vigorously put silos shoulders to tbo wheel. (Leud cheers.) Above all nigh they must look for good blood in their stock, and thus ones for the people the greatest quantity of food at the least pease. (Hear, hear.) They were creeping now: blel2l they did not exert themselves actively they would `ooh Dee themselves only crawling, while every other class ne was pregreemiag at railway spied. (Cheers.) Mr. F. HOBBS, another of the successful corapeteorecel! returned thanks, and congratulated himself that the on. proved Essex pigs were beginning to have their men u so knowledged by the critics. The lion. Crpt. PELHAM said be ',had a feast to pe' pose, which Le felt sure would be received with the guar satisfaction by the meeting. Every one must acenowleeP that since the death of their ever to be lamented pre sndas Earl Spencer, the chair of their club had been most wartime filled by rile Grace the Duke of Richmond. (Loud thorn') Ilia pace had been molt untemittiog in hi 6 exertions for tag I mprove petitore tr ibuted There • w ho cot guished Wolter. the Dul m oot ee Wm dispi