The Express. — London, England, 1846-11-14 00:00:00

like all unjust laws, really operates to the injury of those on whose behalf it has been enacted. The law of distress has a twofold operation; to lead the landlord to accept a tenant, without sufficient capital for the proper cults -ration of the land ; secondly, by the complete power over the, tenant given by that law, the rela tion of landlord and tenant assumes the character of a concession by a superior to a dependent, rather than that of an equal, even-handed contract. Both sar“ to prevent capital from being attracted to husbandry, and drive from it, as an occupation, the most enter prising and independent minds. The{ landowner has apparently very little motive to require that his tenant should be possessed of ample capital, because, come what may, the rent is safe. It not unfrequently happens that a man of little or no capital will offer a higher rent than a more substantial farmer, as the poorest tenant is invariably the most subservient So long as the law of distress exists, landlords will have many reasons for preferring an inferior class of tenants. They will be politically more tractable ; they will bear being overrun with game more pa tiently ; in a word, they will be more content as de pendents. But this tends more than anything else to lower the standard of cultivation. It is ad mitted on all sides that, taking the country through, farmers have not half as much capital employed as they ought with a view to their own profit. We believe the deficiency to be still greater, and that, if most farmers were to employ three or four times their present capital upon a given area, their profits would be greatly increased. Nor is this any new-fangled notion. The importance of high cultivation has been known for centuries. COLUMELLA illustrates the advantages of applying abundant capital anti labour to land by*the following story : A rine.dresser had two daughter. and a vineyard' when his sheet daughter married, he gave her a third of a vineyard fur a portion ; notwithstanding which he had the same quantity of fruit as formerly. When his younger daughter married, be gaselier half of what re mained, and still the produce of his vineyard (now reduced in space by taothirds) was nut ta.aluished. The moral of this is, that elaborate cultivation will make good the loss in quantity of land. In short, a comparatively small farm well cultivated is far more profitable than a larger one indifferently managed. If the law of distress were abrogated, and the landlord had to depend entirely on the sta bility and success of his tenant for the re gular payment of rent, he would either require tenants of larger capital or diminish the size of his farms. In fact, we believe that landowners who understand their own interest, will effect changes in both directions. The number of farmers is very con siderable whose farms, if, like the vine-dresser's, re duced to one third, would prove far more productive than at present. When the tenant had a greater command of capital hie position would be more inde pendent, and his engagements with his landlord being enforced only by the same legal sanctions which bind hint to his other engagements, the tenant would cease to adopt that cap-in-hand demeanour in his relations with his landlord, which, by becoming a part of the system, drives ail the more enterprising spirits from the business of farming. Then, as to the system by which land is managed. We showed, in recent articles, the absolute fallacy of those tenant-right agreements, which landlords and land-agents are, in various districts, endeavouring to introduce as substitutes for leases. There can be no substitute for a lease. The right of the tenant to be paid for all improvements according to their real value ought not to be a matter of contract at all; it should be provided for by a legislative enactment. This is a point to which farmers are eareestly directing' their attention. But it is a question beside and beyond that of leases. Whether tenant right be, as it ought to be, established by law or not, there can be no doubt about the absolute necessity for adopting the practice of granting and accepting leases. We have heard many landowners and some agents say, " Oh, but the ,tannin ‘een't take leases ;" and possibly during the uneertaintiea and fluctu ations caused by the Corn-laws, and the pouswsi conflicts they led to, such a feeling was somewhat extensively entertained amoagst tenants. But all that has come to an cad; and we believe it may be confidently asserted that there is no farmer who un derstands his business, and who ought to be permitted to carry on his farm, by whom a rational lease would not be accepted with eagerness. As a rule, however, landlords do not offer reasonable leases. They are so full of restrictions and fetters, that they have, properly enough, been designated traps, instead of securities, for tenant-farmers. That liberality in dispensir.g with restrictions will best promote the landlord's interest, as well as that of the tenant, no one practically acquainted with good farming can doubt; and the great obstacle to improvement in this respect is a phantom fear which landlords entertain, that, without strict conditions, tenants may injure the property. This is entirely visionary, as we shall show when treating of the principle, and, to some extent, dictating the general form of an agricultural lease. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. SATURDAY MORNING. Although the question of the Spanish marriages has been exhansted, its consequences have not. The French journals, accordingly, are engaged even with more asperity than ever, in the polemic to which the rupture or suspension of the entente eorcliale has given rise. The ministerial press of Paris assails Lord Palmerston, and declare that the peace of Europe is suspended on his dis missal from office. The Opposition journals assails with equal fury M. Guizot for sacrificing the interests of the country, and wantonly compromising the in'ernational relations fur the sake of a measure, the advantages of which arc exclusively dynastic. These theses form the most prominent topics in Paris at present. " For six years past, says one of the leading organs of the opposition, e Siecle, a grand policy has prevailed. The Minister 1: L as been by England loudly proclaimed great, wise, moder.te, and pacific, and yet now this same England pro claims this same minister a cheat and a traitor! The grand policy consisted in maintaining the English alliance by the sacrifice of our most legitimate susceptibilities, and our best national interests. Today, behold this alliance broken, and for what ? For an interest purely dsnastic, which it is admitted cannot affect our national position. It is not then true, as was so emphatically asserted, that the maintenance of !mace was identified with the presence cf this or that statesman in office. It is not true, as we were f .rfnerly told, that with one :he country would be agitated and disturbed, with the other tranquil and secure. Is it not agitated now ? and yet it is M. Guizot who governs. This very statesman, whose word was the pledge of peace, and who, from the tribune, reproached his predecessors that no faith was given to them in England. ' I spoke,' said he, in your name: I repeated your declaration : I affirmed : I invited—hut no one believed ire!' And yet this very M. Guizot, who was himself to inspire such confi dence, now speaks, affirms, and protests in his own name, and no one believes him." • The Opposition journalist proceeds to prove that M. Guizot is now towards England in a situation a thousand times worse, and less excusable, than that of M. Thiers, whom he displaced. " Behold his former panegyrists signalise him as a man without probity, and denounce him to the indignation of the world as a hypocrite and impostor!—behold, cast upon him all the misfortunes which would attend a rupture and war! What would this. great minister think if France should smite its voice with England to condemn him. If his own agents bore witness against him ; if those in whom he confided, and who followed his policy, turned against him with violence, and joined in one common excla mation' Peace—what have you done with the peace? what has become of our security ? why have you broken that entente cordiale ," And if, on his own side, he should encoun ter a man who, finding the opportur.i , y favourable for seizing on office, should make a scape-goat of him, and, accusing him in the face of Europe with having compromised the peace of nationsby his intrigues, should charge himself with the duty of repairing hiserrors, the' is to say, of immolating him to the s.lf-love or to the resentment of the English minister? What judgment, we ask him, would he form of such a man ? Who knows ? We shall, perhaps, witness this expiation, and it will then be curious to observe what liaises in the soul of )1. Onizot." Although it is well known in Paris that the para graph which appeared in Galignanis Messenger re specting the presentation of Lord Normanby to the French princes on Tuesday, was communicated from the British Embassy, to prevent the object and chn raaer of that prc.ceeding froth being misumlerstooo, the agents and confidunts of the ministry still continue to assert that that step was taken by the English Ambassador in consequence ' of instructions received from London. They eay that the king, when informed of the orders , which Lord Normanby had received not to attend at the diplomatic presentation held on Saturday at the Tuilenes, caused an intimation to be made to Lord Palmerston, that he must immediately either change the instructions or recall the ambassador. "I have suffered," said his Majesty, " more than one slight to be committed with impunity at Madrid, but I will not allow myself to be insulted at home." The consequence, according to the Ministerialists, has been the presentation of Lord Normanby, which took place on Tuesday last. While the opposition press attempts the overthrow of M. Guizot, that of the cabinet attacks, with far greater fury, Lord Palmerston. La Press. congratu lates itself upon the signs of opposition to the Foreign Office, which it perceives in a recent article of the Times. " lf, Illyl La Prase, a reconciliation between the coun tries be possible, Lord Palmerston is the very last man who can preside over it, and that, not alone, because of the duplicity which he has shown in bis measures and the rage which he has betrayed when caught in his own toils—but because of his per sonal character, and the inconveniences which follow from his past conduct, his principles, and his measures, all of which render his ministerial existence incompatible with the safety of governments and the tranquility of peoples." La Presse then avows its concurrence with the English journals and Lord Brougham in the endea vour to overturn Lord Palmerston, who enjoys, it says, the detestable reputation of a firebrand. We learn from Stockholm that the Council of State is, by order of the King, prewring a bill for the abolition of all corporations of trades, and every other restriction upon the freedom of industry in Sweden. On Monday the ratifications of the treaty of com merce and navigation recently concluded between France and Russia were interchanged. On this occa sion the Emperor of Russia conferred on M. Deba rante, French ambassador at St. Petersburg, the grand cordon of St. Alexander Newsky, and the King of the French presented to M. de Kisseless, Charge d'Affaires of Russia, the dignity of grand officer of the Legion of Honour. The Bey of Tunis arrived on the morning of the sth at Toulon. A private correspondent writes to La Prase that a band of armed Carlists are formed in Catalonia, near Berge. This body, which is reported to be numerous, is commanded by Colonel Cabolleria, better known by the name of Mucchaeho. It is said that the agents of Count Montemolino have succeeded in obtaining a loan of 3,000,000 francs, a part of which has been applied in the purchase of arms, and that some days since 8,000 muskets were embarked at Liverpool for Gibraltar; among those who accompanied the embarkation was a curate, known as the confidential friend of Cabrera. La Prease guarantees the truth of this report. PARIS. Nov. 12.—Lateat Brims: Three per Cents., 82, 80; Five per Cents., 117, 70; Belgian Fives, 1840, • Roman Loan, 100; Bank Shares, 34, 70. Etclumge on London (30 days), 25, 526; Ditto (90 days;, 25, 40. The Madrid mail of the 7th arrived in Paris on Thursday afternoon, but brought no intelligence from Portugal of later dates than have been already received by the Southampton steamer. The Spanish news is altogether devoid of interest. El Espanol states that Gonzales Bravo arrived at Badajoz with his private secretary and two servants, and, at nine o'clock on the morning of the 31st, he left for Yelvas,the nearest place within the Portuguese frontier, with an escort of three horse 31unicipal Guards. The journals El .Espanol and El Clamor Public° are ordered to be prosecuted, for copying from El Tiempo the article against which M. Bresson raised a complaint. MAnami, Nov. 7.—Three per Cents., 31, 4, for money; Four per Cents., 41i ; Fire per Cents., 21i ; Passives, 61; Coupons, 20. Exchanges on Loudon, 301. • FRANCE.-THE SUPPLY OF PEOVISIONS.—The question of subsistence continues to engage the serious at tention of all classes in France, and calculations have been made on data of more or less approximate accuracy, as to the quantity of grain which must be imported to make good the computed deficiency of the harvest. This deficiency is said to be aggravated by the fact that the harvest was on the average fifteen days earlier than usual this year, and that therefore, instead of having twelve months to provide for witl he twt•lve months and a half. It is calculates that to support the population of France in this interval, at least 7 million hcctulitres of grain would have to be im ported. In the three months which have °Limed since August, 2i millions have been received in the ports of France, and it is argued that at this rate of importation nine months would be necessary to complete the requisite supply. In the contemplation of the probable rise in the price of bread, the municipal authorities of Paris are taking measures for the protection of the poorer classes. Upon the proposition of the Prefect of the Seine, and the Prefect of Police, the municipal council have voted a credit of 300,000 francs to keep the price of bread of the first quality at 40 c the kilog. in favour of the indigent and of the more neces [ sitous of the working classes. The expedient will be to [ admit these classes to enjoy the difference between this price [ of 40 c. and the actual price of bread, so long as the latter shall exceed the former, to accomplish which the adminis tration will adopt the same measures as were formerly fund efficacious in the years 1829, 1830, and 1831. INUNDATIONS IN ALGERIA.—The MonifettrAlgereen of the sth contains the following account of a sad calamity in Algeria on the 3rd inst. :—" A frightful catastrophe took plate the day before yesterday. The Arrach, swelled by the heavy rains which had fallen in the course of that day and the preceding night, overflowed its banks, and inun dated the lower part of the plain of the Mitidjah. It was about two in the morning when the Arrach began to over. flow. At half-past eleven ithad attained its greatest height, and the water covered the whole of the territory between the hills of the Sahel, Nat on which is situated the Maison Carrie, and the whole extent of the plain which the eye can take in to the farm of Ouled-Ada. I The director of the interior and of colonisation, being in formed at half-past eight of the ravages which had been made, proceeded to the scene of disaster, and promptly organised the means of safety. lie was seconded, as well as circumstances would permit, by Staff-Captain Lambert and Lieut. Duval, commandant of the detachment of the 58th regiment of the line, who proceeded to the spot, as did also two squadrons of chasseurs, commanded by Colonel Durin ger. Towards nine o'clock the inundation was increasing, and the water rushed on with rapidity and fury. Of the eleven houses composing the village of the Maison Carrie, seven bad already disappeared, with all that they contained. Here and there were perceived the wretched inmates hurried by the water towards the sea. Before they reached it they diuippeated under enormous waves, occas i one d by the collision of the waters of the Arrach with the high tide. All human succour was impossible; it was a frightful spectacle which nothing can describe. Towards ten o'clock the inn of l,a itourclle France, on the roof of which eight or ten persons had sought refuge, fell into the water. Seven of them followed the course of the stream on the ruins of the roof; it was in vain that attempts were made to rescue them, and they could not be induced to trust to swimming. They were soon overwhelmed by the water, and a few moments afterwards an unhappy mother, with a child in her arms, was carried away, and also disappeared. Nine persons were seen on a hillock, about a hundred metres below the bridge, only part of which was discernible. They had only a few metres of earth left. Two or three others were clinging to the ruins of the chimney of the inn; eight per. sons shut up in a house near the bridge. uttered cries of dis tress, and called fur help ; a f.w metres farther on was the roof of a house in the water, with seven or eight persons on it. The greatest efforts were made to save the persons who were on the hillock, hut nobody could get to them, and the gendarme Schmitt, who had courageously plunged into the water to convey ropes to them, would have perished, but for the devoted aid of Corporal Aubert, who had himself a few moments before vainly attempted to reach the unfortunate sufferers. During this time efforts were made, though un fortunately without avail, on the right bank. Twenty men of the 6th company of native sharpshooters. commanded by Lieut. Tirard, as well as some men belonging to the sth &as scum, threw themselves into the river, in the hope of saving, by swimming, some of the persons in danger. Their efforts were however useless, as the current carried them away so strongly, that ten of them were near perishing. A serjeent and two native sharpshooters were lost in this manifesta tion of devotedness. About twelve o'clock a boat was brought to the spot from Algiers, with four boatmen to guide it. These men speedily set to work, and after four hours' perilous efforts succeeded in saving nineteen persons. By four o'clock the water bad considerably fallen, and aid could be afforded to the nine individuals spoken of above, who were also saved. The bridge of the ford of Constantine, which had been carried away by the wate•s, floated down until it came against that of the Mais on Carrie. As it might prove a great obstacle to the flowing-off of the water, soldiers were set to work to remove it. In an hour after, the circulation was restored, and no danger existed for either habitations or individuals. The troops, u consequence, were permitted to withdraw. The number of dead is now known to be 23 in all, and seven dead bodies have been as yet found. Oa the 4th, the loss in constructions and goods was estimated by the Mayor of Hussein-Dey at 26,000 francs. We just now have learned that the principal bridges over the Middle have suffered severely. Those of the gird of Constantine, of the Oued-el.Kebir, the Chiffa, and the Ma zafran, are destroyed ; those of Runge and Mak-a-Khera have stood f i rm. It is to be feared that the habitations of else colonists in the province of Algiers have suffered, but as yet we want details. Some disasters in Blidah are spoken of, but we shall wait to receive more ample information. Orders have been given by the authorities to re-stablish as quickly as possible the cemmueications and roads on both iJ sof the river. It was feared that :he inundations might have proved disastrous to our working parties on the road of cersr-Ghoslan, but we Islam that they . have escaped all Mr. Warburton had an interview yesterday with' dang e ez, and Are well =meted with provisions." the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Th gives oe t the . i •a n b o g f the detail, Arach, two randadds: Mr. C. Roe had an interview with Sir Geor g e " On the Aida' nigth °1 e th ; Grey at the Home Office yesterday. shocks of an earthquake were felt at Algiers, and the night P RESE NTS OF GAME FROM PRINCE ALBERT.—The after, the same phenomenon was felt with great intensity , a t 6 h th e whole of the members of her Majesty's private band of mu - We have already remarked that earthquakes almost always si • us have just received liberal presents of game, consist take place during 1 72 rains or immediately after, and ing of hares and pheasants, by command of the Prince that they occur print; yin spring sod autumn." Consort, shot by his Royal Highness on the preserves in the SWITZERLAND.—A report of the proceedings of vicinity of Windsor Great Park. the Grand Council of Basle city, held on the sth instant, was From Last "slight's Gazette. received in Paris. The first question which wu proposed was whether the constitution of 1833 should be sub- ST. JA MES'S PALACE, NOV. 10.—The Queen has, 'pitied to revision. After a long and animated debate on the nomination of Lord Foley, appointed George Kitson , this was decided in the affirmative almost unanimously, there Esq., one of her Majesty's Honourable Corps of Gentlemen being only 7 dissentient among 104 v ot es ; and the law re- at Arms, sin Platt, retired. gniring only a majority of two-thirds. The next question was, whether minors who had completed their twentieth year should not be permitted to vote for the members of the constituent casemby, and whether the same power should not be given them to vote upon the question of the new constitution ; this was also carried with only 5 dissentient voices in 96. The other parts of the project were successively carried with similar majorities. ITALY.—ROME, 29.—The Pope has granted the concession of a railway from Rome to Albano to Prince Alfieri, and some other capitalists. The distance is about 12 miles English.—The king of Naples reviewed 12,000 men on the 22nd October, at Nonni. His Majesty has returned to his capital. GERMANY. BERLIN, Nov. 3.—Letters from Schwerin have been received here, which state that the Grand Duke is indeed personally inclined to the accession of his country to the Zollverein, but that the realisation of this step meets with important obstacles. PROHIBITION AT BERLIN OF THE " MUETTE PE rowriet."—The managers of the Theatre Royal, Berlin, had made preparations for giving Auber'e grand opera of the " Muette de Portici," which has been given at Berlin many and many a time. But on the eve of the representation, the police prohibited it, on the plea that under existing circum stances any representation of the opera was not suitable. CELLS, Nov. s.—Yesterday the Duke and Du chess of Saxe Altenburg, with the Princesses, their daughters, arrived at the Palace here. The Crown Prince and Princess went to meet them as far as Lehrte, and retuned with them. It is said that his Majesty the King will shortly honour Celle with his presence, and spend some days with his illustrious relatives and children. FROM NORTH GERMANY, Nov. 4.—We hear that negociations have already commenced between Prussia and Hanover, for the purpose of concluding some arrange ments in common respecting trade and navigation. '1 he President of the Board of Trade, Roesme, and Baron Von Retow, are raid to be very active in these negotiations on the part of Prussia, and interest themselves in favour of dif ferential duties, because, in their opinion, these duties can only raise the commerce of Germany to the highest degree of prosperity. Under these circumstances the commercial con vention between Prussia and England, which will shortly expire, will most probably not be renewed on the present footing. FROM THE RHINE, Nov. s.—According to certain in formation the importation of corn, pulse, and flour, duty free, is now granted to the end of Sept., 1847, and the necessary notice will probably be published in a few days ; is it only for Rhenish Prussia, or for other provinces ? We read in the Swabian Mercury of the 9th inst., under the head Vienna : "The Austrian government, and the other great powers of the north, only look upon the affair of the Spanish mar riage in the point of view of the non-recognition of Queen Isabella ; thus all that has been said of an adhesion of those powers to the pretensions of Lord Palmerston must be nett lied in an far that our cabinet has not had an opportunity to manifest its ideas in this respect. The presence of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Gliicksburg at Vienna, has givea rise to many conjectures as to the object of his visit. A Nurem berg correspondent says, that the English diplomatists in Germany have received new instructions from their govern ment, which tend to give a belief that the English cabinet begins to feel more partial to the German interest in the affair of Schleswig and Holstein. On the expiration of the existing treaty of commerce and navigation between Prussia, the Zollverein, and England, the Zollverein intends drawing closer to Hanover and the states of the north, so as to com bine greater unity throughout Germany. It is said that ne gotiations have already been set on foot to that effect." ROCKS BLASTED BY EXPLODING COTTON.—A letter from Stuttgard of the 2nd November says : " On Thursday last experiments for blasting rocks in the tunucl of Laupen were made with exploding cotton. The experiments were made under the direction of l'rofessor Fehling, in the pre sence of different scientific men, and were attended with the hagpiest results. It was remarked that the explosion was greater when the excavation made to receive the cotton was narrow and very deep, which is explained by the quantity of cotton requited for the explosion taking more room than that of powder, so that if the excavation was not deep the cotton would protrude. It is also necessary fee the excavation to be not only narrow and deep, but broader below than above. To effect the explosion, a quantity of cotton, eight or ten times less in weight than that of pewder, is requr-ite. The cotton has another advantage, not leaving any smoke behind it, as is the case with gunpowder." FRONTIERS OF GALICIA, Nov. I.—According to the latest accounts from Galicia, the state of things in that country is sti , l very unsatisfactory. It is said that four regi ments of Infantry and a battalion of Jager. will shortly be sent to reinforce the troops in Galicia. We are informed from Czernowitx, the capital of Bukowina, the emissaries of Panslavonison have appeared there, but were immediately amsted. They endeavoured to gain partisans, but met with no encouragement from the public of that country, who took no part in the late melancholy events in Galicia, and who probably saw through the plans of the emissaries, and these pretended Panslavists are thought to be nothing more than disguised emissaries of the Polish Propaganda, who, by openly confessing their intention of invoking the protection of Russia, endeavoured to compromise the Russian Cabinet. DENMARK.—COPENHAGEN, Nov. 7. The fol lowing notice ha been published by the Chancery :—" His Majesty has been pleased to signify, under the date of the 2nd of this month, to the Chancery, that it is prohibited in the kingdom to take in the Hantburgh Nene Zeitung, and that the authorities are forbidden to send any official commu nications to that paper, which they may insert in some other Hamburg paper, which is hero announced for the informa tion of the Public —Royal Danish Chancery, Nov. 6, 1848. —(Signed) STEMANN, ORSTE, BENTZEN, HOLES, ALT KEEN, UseINO." SCHLESWIG, Nov. 2. The States of Schleswig have just voted an address to the King of Denmark, which concludes thus: BREVET.—EAST - INDIA COMPANY'S SERVICE. WAR-OFFICE, Nov. 9. Her Majesty has been pleased to appoint the under-men tioned Officers of the East India Company's Forces to take rank by Brevet in her ajesty's Arm, in the East Indies only, u follow. The commissions to y be dated 9th Novem ber, 1846. To so ILIKVITSIANTZCIMILAIII.—Major-GeneralA H. 8. Osborne ; Sir a. L. Caldwell, K.C.8.; G. Carpenter; J. L. Richardson ; Sir D. K.C.B. • J. Walsh ; sir J. Russell, K.C.8.; M. White; D. .C, toy; R. Podinore ; Sir R. Houston, K.C.8.; J. Groenstroet ; M. L. Pereira; T. Pollak, C.B.;Air J. Raw, K.C.B.;Kemp; J. Munro; C. T. 0. Bishop; J. P. Macgregor ; Sir J. Wender wet Sir W. Riehards, K.C.B. • A. Don= ; Sir T. Whitehead, 1LC.8.; J. ; Sir J . T. Stewak; J. F. Dyson; W. D. Cteiland ; W. H. Perkins; Sir J. Doveton, K.C.8.; A. Fair, C.B. ; 11.1.Pher- eon; Sir J. L. Lushington, G.CB.; B. W. D. Sealy; W. C. Fraser ; W. Gilbert To so COLONZLa.—Lent-Colcinele J. Stuart, C. 8., C. Ovomi, W. H. Hewitt, W. Strohm, J. Hoene. G. W. A. Lloyd, C 8., F. Haleman, A. Tolkch, C. 8., A. B. Dyne, F. Buckley, J. W. Cleveland, It. Blacken, D. upon, G. B. Bell, W. D. Robertson, J. Orchard, CB., .1. Frush ord, D. Sim, C M. Bird. To as Mamas VI rue Atom—Captains W. Struthers, E. Servants, T. I'. Hay, R. Wronghton, IL Templer, G. Thomson, W. G. Lennox, O. Templer, T. Donnelly, W. Howlingly IL Mignan, It. R. Ricketts, C. &Faber, C. J.Green, J. T. Smith, J. H.Crssser, J.G. Hume, J. Wrest'. J. Stevens, G. Wright, H. James, G. T. Marshall, J. Hymn, W. Ruth erford, W. P. Macdonald, G. J. dent, P. La Touche, F. C. Scott, J. Swanson, F. J. Clerk, A. N. Maclean, A. M'Donald Elder, J. It. Sand ford, K. Campbell, J. Itusburgh, G. Thornton, G. J. Richardson, R. Blood. J. H. ( larkson, C. Rochfert, J. IL Ilirreti, 11. C. Poilmu, J. Ciistield, M. Blaxland, .1. Lewis, E. Stanton, W. T. Savory, E. J. Watson, A. Coventry, A. Ilorruduile, F. Forbes, T. Fisher, P. M. Mel vill, J. It. Brown, G. M. Arthur, R. Codrington, G. B. Arbuthnot, C. Former, It. IL Miles, William Reeoe, Francis Whoeler, Robert Dennis White, John Platt, Joeoph Levcrton Bevel", Benjamin Crispin, 1). Carstaire, W. A. Ludlow, A. C. Spotilswoode. H. Hall, J. Graham, A. Rowland, J. L. Tottenham, A. C. Wight, IL Power, J. T. Brett, It. W. Sparrow, It. Campbell, G. Farmer, G. Nott, C. S. Mating. W. Sautin, A. H. Jellicoe, A. Adam, S. R. 'licks, C. Pooley, J. 8. Hodgson, J. E. Parsons, R. Garrett, J. W. Bayley, H. B. Goodfellow, J. Ilayne, J. Watkins, J. R. SPCausload. C. J. Lewis, G. &Talbot, M. W. Per reau, B. W. Camberlege, E. Walter, W. Beaumont, J. ('ooper, It. H. Hughes, J. E. Landers, C. J. Oldfield, .1. Cumberlege, W. C. Ormsby, J. Hutchings, G. IL Harper, R. Woodward, A. C. Scott , I ) . David son, F. Teesdale, W. Hunter, J. Ilobeon, T. J. Nuthall, 11. Hudleston, J. Weidman, A. Knyvett, W. Scott, J. H. B. Congdon, S. F. 'Lannon, A. Lewis, J. Shepherd, E. Roberts, F. Eades, T. G. E. G. Kenny, H. A. Hornsby, R. hail t A. Macleod, A. P. i.e Messurier, C.& Morton, T. Lvaaght, IL Angelo, J. L. Mowatt, E. J. Dickey, C H. Naylor, W. F. Reatoon, G. Rowley, W. Trevelyan, J. Back, C. Hunter, J. S. Ramsay, E. H. Atkinson, W. Hill, H. H. Hobeon, J. 11. Macbraire, F. C. Elwell, F. Coventry, A. Charlton, J. Benwell, W. Brest, C. Lucas, 11. W. Trevelyan, T. E. Colgrave, J. T. Phil Pot, F. W. Birch, G. Cox, C. Chester, R. SPNalr, J. Mackenzie, W. Benson, B. Bygrave, J. C. Hawes, T. Candy, H. W. Homier, G. S. Wilkinson, H. Bower, A. Harrison, S. A. Grunt, W. IL Macau lay, C. F. le Hardy, A. Sldrrefo, It. Garstin, D. Archer, IL H. Itihardson, /1..1. Rowlandson, 11. Morland, F. W. Todd, W. Halpin, C. G. Utley, J. Blazlond, F. A. Clarke, J. MU, R. G. Carmichael„ T. Maynor, C. Woodfall, F. Dudgeon, G. C. Rochfort, R. Lambert, A. Trotter, J.Gordon, D. Scotland, 11. Marshall, J.W.llicks,ll. IL Harr* R.J. Crozier, J.ll.ldell, SIG. D. Showers, J.W. Strettell, C. Maeleune,W.S. Adams, It. N.T.uiner, J.lrce,ll. l tesacr.W.Stetvarts S. Williams, H. Dnuomond, G. St. Patrick Lawrence C. Griffin, C. Commeline, IL N. Wor.ley, S. J. Grove, G. Le Grand Jacob, 11, Griffith, 11. Stamford, J. Grant, E. A. Furqubarson, lion. IL B. Dal zell, E. Madden, E. 11. Ludlow, 11. N. Pepper, P. Goldney, T. Damao, W. Macgcorge, J. C. Ployden, G. M. Sberer, F. N holey, L. W. Hart, A. S. Hawkins, A. IL Rose, E. Duvall , W. 11. Atkinson, W. ' , teeth, R. L. Shawe, W. Mitchell, J. Drummond, W. B. Wemyos, J. Pops, F. Trimmer, H. A. Boaeowen, P. Abbott, R. Drought, F. V. M'Grath, W. Russell, I). M. Scobie. Anierestrv, Nov. 11.—With reference to the paragraph which appeared in the Gazette of the 6th inst., announcing that Cora. F. W. Austen would he promoted to the rank of C a ptain, no soon au he had Bernd the required period at sea, the Board have this day signed a. commission conferring that rook upon Com. Austen. The Board have also been pleased to promote Lieut. E. 11. B. Proctor and L B. kleekinnua to the rank of Commander, for the services during the recent operations in the Parana. With reference to the announcement which appeared in the Gazelle of the 10th roan., in the list of Com manders to be Captaine, the name of R. Burridge should have been included, between the names of Capts. It. Barton and F. 11. H. Glasse. And the name of Coot. C. H. Reid is to remain on the retired half-pay of Its. per diem, as originally announced in the G , ..7.ette of Nov. 3. MLIIORANDLW.—The surnames of the undermentioned officers of the Royal Navy should be spelled in the following manner :—Coo. J. T. Nott, for Knott; Lieut. .1. S. Darel, for Darrell ; Lieut. T. T. Hambly, foe Huntley; Mr. R. Hayward (Surgeon), for Haywood; Mr. E. D. Back (Paymaster and Purser), for Rich; Mr. J. E. Aide)* (Pa) master and Punter), for Antes; and the Christian names of Mr. Ituffell Dalton arc William RuffelL WAR-OFFICE, Nov. 9. Ist Regt. of Life Gdr.—Major and Lieut.-Col. J. Hall to be lieut.- col. and col., without pur. ; Bray.-Major R. Parker to be major and lieut.-col. • Lkut. W. Anderton to be capt. 3rd L. drag.—Byer. LieuL-Col. G. 11. Lockwood, C. 8., to be lieut.. col., without pars.; Capt. J. W. Ycrburyto be major; LieuL J. Martin to be eapt.; Cur C. It. Colt Lobe lieut. Coblitream Regt. of F.Gda.—Brev.-Col. C.A.F. lUntinch lobe lieut.- col., without per. ; H. .1. W. Bentinek to he major ; Lout. and Capt. R. V.issittart to be capt. and lieut.-col. sth Y.—Major D. E. Johnson to he lieut.-cot., without per. ; Capt J. Spence to be major; Lieut. W. S. Scregga to be calm.; Sec. Lieut. J. S. Rogge to be first lieuL 67th F.—Major E. B. Brooke to be lieut.-col., without pur.; 13rev... Major T. J. hdair to hi. major; Licut.W. l'ileworth to be capt. ; Ens. J. C. Murray to be lieuL 78th F.—Major J. Forbes to be lieut.-col., without pur. ; Brev.. Major B. J. P. Vassal' to be major; Lieut. D. st. Vin. Ilandlton to be rapt.; Ens. Sydenham to be limit. 93nd F.—Major J. A. Forbes to be Rout—col., witboutpur. ; Brea.- Major M. K. Atherley to be major; Lieu'. C. E. S. (71eig to be c3pL ; Viscount Kirkwall to be lieut. 94th F.—Major .1. Brown to be lieut..col., without pur. ; Capt. W. D. Davenport to be major; Lieut. G. A. K. Mire) , to be capt. ; Ens. H. 11. Print tube lieut. 2nd W. I. Beg.--Major J. Allen to be Bent-col., without pur.; Capt. J. J. Peek to be major; Lieut.W. Anderson to be cant.; Eno. C. J. G. Williams to be licuL Nova - Nam 13. 12th L. Nr c nt T, P. T. Gunning to be anoint -.urg., vice M'lntyre , 81 ;: kirgt th e hs of F'.—The lion. W. H. Lysaght to be ens., without' pur., vice M`Dermott, prom. in the Bth F. sth F.—Serjr.mt-major C. Curter to be see. lieut., without pox., vice Rogge, prom. Bth I.—Ens. B. K. M i lknuott, from 3rd F., to be beat., without pur., vice Con, dec. 10th I.—Ens. G. T. Whittaker to be edit., vice Galloway, who res. the adjutancy only. 1 'th F.—J. Lloyd to be em., by pur., vice Bootie; app. to the 2nd Ding. Ibth F.—Atoist.-sung. J. Stewart to be surg., vice G. Stewart, dec.; W. K. Chalmers, M.D., to be assial-surg. 19th F.-0. V. Macdonald to be ens., without pur., vice Anderson, app. to the 37th F. 26th F.—As.-ist.-surg. D. M'lntyre, M.D., from 12th L. Drag., to be aarist-surg., vice Home, prom, on Staff. F.--Capt..E. W. Fraser, from 39th F., to be capt., vice Wil braham, who each. 37th F.—Lieut. 11. It. Manners to be rapt., without per., rice J. Harvey, who Oct. upon h.-p. ; Ens. J. G. Andereon, from 19th F., to be cow, without pur. 39th F.—Capt. T. Sr. Nielson. from Gist F., to be cant., vice Atkin. son, who exch. ; Capt. T. E. Wilbraham', from 29th F., to be capt., vice Fraser, who each. 56th J. Hind to be ens., without pur., vice Cormiek, dec. 61st F.—Capt. J. S. Atkinson, from 311th F., to be capt., rice Hud son, who each. 63rd F.—Ens. IL White to be lieut., without pur., vice Hughes, dcc.; Ens. W. limit to he lieut., without pur., vice White, whose prom, on 25th Aug. hoe been cane. 67th F.—G. A. MqVair to be ens., without pur., vice Murray, pros. 76th F.—Ens. J.W. Preqon to be heat., by pur., vice l'eel,e ho rat; E. 0. Gray to be ens., by per. 78th F.—Eno. A. J. Robertson, from 82nd P.,: to be ens., rice Sydcuham. _ _ " We retain the conviction that the duchy of Schleswig is an independent duchy not incorporated with Denmark; that it is inseparably united to Holstein ; that in both the descent male is the proper one; and in that persuasion wefeel obliged, as representatives of the duchy of Schleswig, to enter now and for ever a solemn protest against any inteTretation contrary to the public right of these countries. Thus bumble declaration and protestation expresses not only the conviction of the Assembly of the States, but that of the whole country." BMh F.—Eas. R. C. Oliphant, from the It. Newfoundland Comp., to 1 c lieut., without pur., vim Kershaw, dec. 92nd F.—W. J. Macdonald to be ens., without pur., vice Robert on, app. to the 78th F. 97th F.—W. J. Bel to be ens., without pur., vice Pratt, prom. 2nd W. I. Rcpt.—F. B. Forster to be ens., without pur., vice Wil liams, prom.; 0. Ellis to be ens., without pur., vice Lawless, dec. 110-I•ITAL STAFF.—Assist.-surg. W. llome, M.D., from 26th F., to be etaffseurg. of the am. class, vice Garret, dee. THE IosUN COTTON AND THE BOARD OF ORDNANCE. —The Board of Ordnance has rejected the proposal for the use of Schonbein's gun cotton in the British army. IMPERIAL BRAZILIAN MINING COMPANY.—The half-yearly meeting of this company was held at the London Tavern yesterday, Joshua Walker, Esq., in the chair. Mr. Thomas, the secretary, read the report, which set forth that the directors had hoped to have been in a position to state the completion of negotiations which were alluded to in the last report for the acquisition of another mining property in Brazil; such negotiations were, however in favourable pro gress, and the directors hoped soon to announce that the property in question was in the possession of the company, and that a part of the force from Gongo Soco was employed on the new mine, which held out the prospect of a rapid return, and of making amends for the long delayed hopes which the proprietors had had to bear. It further appeared, from a statement read to the meeting, that the quantity of gold obtained during the six months ending on ttie 30th of June last, was 1831bs. 7oz. l.idwts., Icing an increase of 331bs. 6oz. Ifidwts. over the last year, and an increase of 881ba. Ooz. 15dwts. over the six months ending 30th June, 1845. The haltyesr's produce up to 30th June, 1846, had realised 7,3171. 16s. 3d. ; and the expenditure had been 10,3771. 4s. 9d., leaving a deficit of 3,0591. Bs. 6d. The aix months' outlay at Catta Preto had been 1,3691. 6s. 4d.; the assets of the company were 31,172/. 12s. 2d., in the 31 per Cents., and an investment in Brazil of 11,5411. 17s. 6d. The chairman having announced that there was no further Lusiness to be transacted, the meeting separated. ABOLITION OF CAPITAL PUN ISHMENTS.—A meet ing of the friends of the Society for the Total Abolition of the Punishment of Death took place last night at the Finsbury Chapel, Finsbury circus. The chapel was tolerably well filled: the chair being occupied by George Thompson, Esq., who presided in the absence of Mr. Charles Gilpin. The meeting was addressed by the chair.Lan, Mr. Fred. Itovrton, and Mr. Henry Vincent; and a resolution was carried, de claring the punishment of death to be immoral and irre ligious, and pledging the meeting to use their most strenuous exertions in behalf of its abolition. After a vote of thanks to the chairman, the meeting separated. WHERE Id PRINTING-HOUSE-SQUARE? Sir, Some years since Mr. Croker asked where was Russell-square! The stone sort of question has oih'i been asked as regards the whereabouts of Printing-house-mtuire. fair, circumstances to-day have enable.: me partially to solve this enigma, and I hasten to inform the pub'Se through your widely res.( columns of the reasons a hick induce ere to say that Printing-MatlMActuare must be within forty-eight boars of London. This, I admit, in these railroad times, is a wide 'margin, but still. it reduces future calculations. Now, sir, for the e v id ence : in the Kr :Wei; of Nov. 10, you announced that her 3lajesty, in consrdtation with the Chief Commissioners of the Woods sad F or e s t s , had decided, in accordance with the, so generally express ed, feeling of be e subjects, on having the statue (Punch's "Guy") removed. This tact—known by your agency to all England—did not reach the district of Prl,itiag-latase-square till the 12th. as the Times of that date says 1a•• I: utm ur has j - e t reached us." Thus sir, as a stranger in Lon -1 don, I naturally infer that Prionng-house-square must be within forty eight hours of Landon,—A inhow or Tux tiaMIIMILICAL &XLMT. THE RIVER PLATE. FALMOUTH, THURSDAY EVENING.—Her Majesty's steam-ship Gorgon, Capt. Croutch, put in here to-slay for coals on her voyage from Buenos Ayres for Portsmouth. She left Monte Video on Sept. 12th, Rio de Janeiro 22nd, and Bahia 30th. Of course the chief topic of inquiry on the landing of her mails related to the definite settlement or otherwise of the River Plate uffairs. It is said that Mr. Hood, the British minister (who has now come home with his eon, as passengers), has been altogether unsueces,ful in fulfilling the intentions of the British and French govern ment: in terminating the dispute, not because of the proposi tions being unacceptable to the native authorities and chiefs in the river Plate—on the contrary they were heartily assented to, but owing to discord prevaibng between Messrs. Ouseley and Detfaudis on the one part, and Mr. Hood on the other; the latter, it appears, only supporting the views and policy of the governments at home, by whcse instructions he had undertaken an unfortunate mission. It has all along been stated that a party inside Monte Video, who now are trafficking largely with the squadron, and who would be ruined in case of the war finally terminating, are in the background of this extraordinary contra movement of the two ministers. During the cessation of hostilities the combatants on the lines had met together with the usual salutes of friendly congratulation. AU the respectable per sons who formerly lived at Monte Video have withdrawn to the suburbs, and the town is occupied by only the lowest of the people, by about 180 native soldiers, and by the English and French troops. Buenos Ayres was blockaded by the Firebrand. Some small vessels under the Sardinian and other foreign flags, were licensed to go in by the Monte Videan government, and which was winked at by the two Admirals, for the purpose of as,isting the returns of the Monte Videan custom-house. And this is done while no British merchants' ships may communicate there. There is nothing new from Brazils. The Devastation. Sir Charles Ilotham, was at Bahia, bound to the Coast of Africa, to touch at Ascension. Like wise the Columbine had put in, bound to China, with da mage to her bowsprit. The Curacao, at Rio; the Comus and Lizard, in the Parana; the Racer, at Colons ; the Satel lite, at Maldonado; the Acorn and Harpy, in the Uruguay; the Vernon, Eagle, Griffin, Idelampus, and Alecto, at Monte Video. ;b, (Court. WINDSOR. FRIDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert rode out on horseback this morning, accompanied by Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar. Lady Portman, Lady in Waiting, was in attendance on Her Majesty. The Equerries in Waiting to Her Majesty and His Royal Highness also attended on horseback. The Royal Family took their usual walking and pony exercise this morning. His Excellency George Bancroft, the American Minister, left the Castle. Viscount Palmerston, Lord and Lady Holland, and the Hon. J. Bligh, took their departure y to-da. Lord Chichester had an interview with Sir G. Grey yesterday, at the Home Office. Lord Portman had also an interview with the Right Hon. Baronet yesterday. Mr. Wickham, chairman of the Stamps and Taxes, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street. Lord Howard de Walden transacted business at the Foreign Office, on Thursday. The Right Hon. T. Milner Gibson, Vice-President of the Board of Trade, has returned to town. The Hon. Francis Scott had an interview with Earl Grey yesterday at tko Colonial. Office. Mr. Lyre hr also an interview yesterday with the noble Earl. " THE TIMES" AS AN ArillOßlTT.—Sir - gi,mr.meteodwelndng:wpowdkwer"detothanv:tozikrebrdihth"etbeansnse•u..ho:":tgsimlgtbha.n,eetrif:lea:sb.ohneforritrs:razldetrehtrbeoC°nunenguirlig:t:i'bt!rd:lawnde9%,l tTamerli::::::i:endfrrliy:tfessrent. ob served, and none but the inventor, Colonel Chalrner, and grea two or three other individuals were present. We believe we leawirn:7l7:gl"SCltaigArteed.-717:7bIA'sec.IislignidGeglrNdIreetwoeSWimebarty;6417116:14:11"uscut;:tovgiEeris3ih'ilet:adencnoLnamesmeal;;IagNeabel°nghttoUY:IIANthabetbethal r:ecminiEliet'lesblbander:lemothlinifePhAntadihr:ebeticalirwtoeagel.awldt:lghaeieh::: are correct in stating, that the trial alluded to (which was only the first of a series contemplated) came off on the eastern extremity of the Essex coast, and that the result was perfectly satisfactory to all parties.—Morning Post. ATTORNEYS CERTIFICATES.- - The lath of Novem ber falling on a Sunday, certificates must be taken out this day by conveyancers, special pleaders, draftsmen in equity, attorneys, solicitors, proctors, notaries public, sworn clerks. THE DUKE Or BEtUFORT AND HIS MONMOUTH mina: I write on the part of the Duke of Beaufort to request you will contradict the statement made in one of the lead e of ing sup ßea pnit ank ufiart ing tes hi. t to urn73 r E he his Y r e' , H te m or d y ou ou nil'Y G .g m thehire u v r :t w e i nan n . w e ta h r. ic o h t ut not true but the real facts of the case are that his grace bait not one N to e h ta r. t . e I h li . d fo k u farm ten anti who ia not a Protectionist, and them is not one who hap received notice to quit from any political motive. Notices to quit have been given to five tenante, holding together shout 47 acres of accom modation land, at a rent under Cl!., and this is the whole, out of a property consisting of about 100,000 acres of land. You are also mis taken in saying his grace referred to his Monmouthshire tenants In his speech in the Holum of Lords, as he alluded to his Breeonshire tenantry only, where many of them, and their forefathers, have held for the periods mentioned. After this statement, I trust you will not hesitate to give a contradiction to the paragraph in question in to morrown. paper, and I shall be glad to receive one line ID reply, to say you will do so. A similar untrue report got into the Marl Lone Express, and the contradiction was given by the editor in the paper of the 28th of Sept. Wit —W. Wanuas, 11, Sackville-street, 13th Nov., 1848. MORE DESECRATION OF THE DEAD.—A few days only , have elapsed since the public was made acquainted with the details of the disinterment of a large number of bodies at the back of the workhouse of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. The workhouse authorities ordered that the remains so exhumed should be removed to the burial-ground belonging to the parish in the Old St. Pancras-road, and there buried. This burial-ground, or " cemetery," as it is now termed, is ' bounded by the Regent's Canal on the east, St. Pancras workhouse oa the north, the burial-ground of St. Pancras on the south, and " Cook's-row" on the west, the back-windowsl of which overlook the ground. For several years this ceme tery, which was established forty years ago, was used princi pally ma place of sepulture for persons in easy circumstances; and among the most striking monuments in the ground, is one covering the remains of Sir John Soane. Latterly, the ground, which is stated to be able to hold as many as 100,000 bcdies, has been much used for burials, and on Sundays the number far exceeds those at Old St. Pancras, on account of there being more room and the fees more reasonable. The Rev. J. Pratt is the minister, who resides in a house by the side of a small chapel, which faceel the road leading into the cemetery, and who, in addition to performing his clerical duties, also acts in the capacity of sexton. The reporter has collected from Mrs. Dale, of 15, Cook's-row, the following facts She says: I have resided in my house about six months, having taken it for twelve ; but, in consequence of the dreadful scenes I have witnessed in the churchyard, I shall not be able to continue to reside i here. On opening the graves for the reception of dead bodies, a quantity of " smoke " arises, as if a fire was burn ing in them, which I suppose is caused by so many bodies being buried in one grave. What I noticed particularly took place on Friday morning last, about eight o'clock, when I saw a man at work in ono of the graves, not far from the window I was standing at. I heard him knock against something, and then saw the lid of a coffin brought up almost as " fresh " as if it had only just been put into the ground and had never been covered with earth. This was thrown on Vie ground, and the man then went and dug a hole beneath the wall of the new vestry-room, now being built in the workhouse yard, about a yard long. At 1. o'clock I again went to the window and saw the men at work at the new vestry-rooms get off the scaffold to go to dinner. The man at the grave then re-began the work, and by means of a long hooked fork, brought up out of the grave what I supposed to be a human leg, separated at the knee joint. I then saw him bring up by means of the fork the "shroud" or white furniture of the coffin, which he tried as much as possible to conceal whilst putting it into the harrow. Some of the proceedings were so revolting that we suppress them. Mrs. Daley stated that the attention of the Rev. Mr. Pratt was called to the circumstance by Mr. Cumming, No. 14, Cook's-row. who pointed out the spot where the dis membered body hail been thrown, upon which the rev, gen tleman said, " that he thought it was an old body." "But," adds Mrs. Daley, " there it remains at the present time, with hardly earth sufficient over it to prevent the dogs from raking it up." The affair has caused considerable excite ment in the neighbourhood, and Mr. Harrison, of 16, Cook's row, has sent information of the proceedings to the police authorities. Mr. Cumming stated to the reporter that he had occupied his house sixteen years, but the doings in the churchyard were of such a nature that be must give it up. He has felt it his duty to write to the parochial authorities of St. Giles's, demanding an investigation into the whole of the proceedings. TEA DUTIES.—Sir, —I have no hesitation in ad dressing you, although to refute one of your leading Reticle', upim a most important question of fiscal policy, relying upon that ',pint of candour and public principle which I think you intend shall form your chief claim. to public patronage. In your paper of Saturday, the 7th Instant, you notice the exertions of the merchants, Re., of Liverpool to isnpreee upon govenanent the policy and juetiee of a great reduction in the present excessive fluty upon tea, and while you appear to admit the correctness of their statement, that the duty on tea of 2e. 20. per lb. is nearly 200 per cent. on average value, and 300 to 40 1 per cent. on lowest qualities, and that the trade to China would be very greatly increment by acorresponding addit "mud consump tion of tea, you call the parties to the proof that a large inertwull con sumption would follow reduction of duns NO as to prevent material lose to the revenua, as the great point upon which all their pretensions to consideration must rest. Bemuse the tea duty fur nishes the exchequer with about five millions sterling, it must be shown that no considerable diminution of such duty would take place, before men the desire to promote the trade with China ehould actuate the gov ernment in any experiment upon the duty. I would suggest to you that the abolition of the income tax, the pied-office revenue lost for the nuke of a general poetage ninon all inland letters of Id. per half-ounce, the late considerable reductions of the duly upon sugar, and the hundreds of miens upon which all duties whatsoever have been aboladmil, nuthciently I , IIOW that temporary or even permanent hoe of revenue, is not considered any obstruction to measure' , otherwise dictated by policy. , justice, and relief to the industrious classes. The policy and justice of the relief ought, in reference to the China trade, cannot be quentioned. It was held out by government that the triumph of our arms in China was to open up a new career of unlimited commercial intercourse with an empire having a population of ahree to four hundred millions. Our manufacturer', and merchants have gene most extensively into the trade; their extorts to China have attained an amount surpassing all expectation, the toes of which would t e ll fe ar . fully noon our population of Lancashire and Yorkshire ; hut in con acquence of the Chinese bring unable to pay fur those manufactures otherwise than in silk (of limited consumption naturally) "nil tea, the onnaumption of which is so unnaturally limited by an almost prohi bitive duty, the importation of tea has become excessive in the last two years; and, owing to the enormous stock in the comer: rapidly Increasing,while consumption follows at a comparatively torio ' iseirice, the prices of all kinds are reduced so as to leave a win," average loss of twenty-five to thirty per cent. at least. If this system be con tinued, the result, after the ruin of many parties shall have been con siumniated, will probably be the reduction of the trade to China to one half its prevent extent. the supply of tea to be received in payment will then he reduced to the scale of consumption, and the trade will be in a healthy position ; hut this would be a meet inconsistent partial con tinuants, of that old polity now abandoned in almost every other instance and written down as folly. To show that th a is not mere speculation, I give you the export from Liverpool to China of the main staple of the trade (white and grey cotton) for the last three yeam-swy in 1844, 74, 537,539 yde. ; 1845, 108,611,911 ; 181 6 , 63,021.596 yds.; and i t is well known that a very general disgust with and withdrawal from the trade is in course of operation, among some of our le n ding manufacturers. But to oppose the antici pated replaeement of revenue by a rapid increase in eon.iimption, you state that the production of tea cannot lie increased at will to meet a suddenly increased demand ; that there arc not many soils and regions in China which suit the cultivation ; that the cultivator are small pro prietors without capital, obtaining from the merchant the advances neeemary for its cultivation; and voudiaJuce front these premises that a large additional supply could not suddenly be had, with, doubtless, the inference that an increased price consequent upon increased demand in China would counteract the effect of lowering the duty; to which you add lower down, that whatever duty should he taken .if, the importer or dealer would profit one half; if tit. per lb. then the consumer would feel the benefit of rel. only; if itil, then 3d.; and you proceed to calculate what 3d. per s lb. would make per or. to the poor, which you rightly conclude would lx• less than one teething. It would be tedious to enter into an examination dell these point., in which there is much of mistake • for a conclusive armunent I think is to be found in another way. T he coneumption of tea In China is enormous, being, in fact, throughout the whole civilised portion of the population (probably 100 millions) a never ending one; the teapot bring in muse all the day. The quantity required for the European commerce is a very small propor tion of the entire growth; and although a sudden demand in the midst of the season for a very large incremed supply would MOW a large Inerrant of price, it Is certain that notice given at the end of one season of very Large additional requirement" in the next, would be abundantly met by appropriation from the general gro.• th of such quantity an should be required to the peculiar manipulation, ale., for the European market; and past experience has amply shown that the price need not be raised, it common prudence be ob served by the purehaftere. The present position of the trade in England is that of an extremely burthensome surplus stock, the im porters all anxious sellers, the whop "ale dealen, and retailer, buying only for their immediate wants, and no sales effected hut at ruinous prices. It follow', that as any increase of coneuniption must to gradual, there would he no sueden demand large enough greatly to raise the prime; and you would find, by inquiring among practical men, that the rise in price would not be likely to extend to 24. per lb. if the duty were reduced to Is. per lb. The real effect to the eon. sumer wold probably he in such case thus. Take for example the tea now sold from the canister at 4s. per lb., made up thus: cost per lb., Is.; duty, 2s. 244.; 35 per cunt. profit, 94(1.-4" per lb. The same tea might then cost b.. 2d.; duty, Is.; 25 per cent. profit, C4.-2s. Bd. per lb.; so that the difference would then be M. 4d. per Its, or Id. per nonce, sufficient to induce a large increased consumption among those who now use it, and pisanubly to admit now MOODS more of the poorer portions of our popidation to the enkrynient of what is now to them a forbidden luxury. You eorreetev slate that tea is the production of China only (for I make little account of what is grown in Java and Ahearn) while ceffere is gsown in litany countriee. As regards supply, independent of China being equal in e mt e ra x i te d la China, in n t h o un ai . l „..bwof t e h nr e it„ reg n l iu nL r i o n bi w toec h te i i c ra h tenv eoff r; eider that the immensity of growth, and the waken alconeampum, of , that if toffee ty , m a Lt e:t.neduoeteii: may fat:;yir,l7ebfixe-- d ' ut b :, te kw ma c ed nn i g ts o f coo t he duty, no tea tici l Za grA nclet " g which debars it. use to a large portion of the community. The rd valorem duty is not applicable to teas , and, under an equal duty upon all kind., the average quality 0 ( th e t ea i m p or t e d h as greatly improved ; but I conceive that, v bile it is of great import ance to our manufacturer. and to the wattle and the comforts of the mass of the population, that the dnty on tea should be greatly re duced, the want of an ad sulorern daly, even if it could be levied on tea, does not form any Part of tt.c hardship of the care. I trust to your candid inupartidity for the insertion of thi s t eam which I pledge myself containa no assertion which is not capable of proof, and I forward herewith mv nave and address for reference, should it be required—W. N., 62 , • Moargate-strect, N0v.12. THE FALL OP THBIE HOCSES AT BROMPTON.— Yesterday morning, a', day-break, a number of workmen, headed by police-constable B 165, commenced the clearing away of the ruins of the three houses w Bich fell in Alfred place West on the preceding evening, as reported in the \, ,„ anti atter the most exertions of nearly an hour, during wh,,,htirac;t;"lfsa feared that the adjoining houses would fall, it t 4 el,4 remains of the unfortunate deceased Kasle e cry eZI I I The body was taken by the poli ce, acsist t o a public house in the immediate vicinity. r ,-• amination being made of the body by a srg e " 4 ,4 that, in addition to numberless wounds, deceased was literally smashed. Death nu m 4' 4 kl va esumed &mat instantaneously after the nilareeoh.64l,,V* Th.t . labonrer O'Suilivan,who was thrown off ria-ea"llt no t sustain, es it was ffenerally believed, n a nn y ,ao to endanger ha life ; h e i s h owever rious cone:ition. The cause of the occurreies to be the Inferior materials and loose work-7141t adjoining house on the left hand Side is so fall of the others, that it will doulttlessly be pnli e r, the builders. The entire street in which the ""ti place has but been formed within the past , o ;"'.oit . ,_ wasd dtr:-,eadefruelnilyn7y It contains about a hundred houses, need y , 6, ,Zro k in INQUESTS.—ACCIDENT ON THE Ice ETD l A ,. RAlLWAY.—Yesterday morning, between seal 9 74 on accident occurred at the Camden -town sea Lee, and some other of the porters were Jo mini, 1 14 4 a servant at tle 61 1 from a train whlch he ha d d ied jus in t arrived, ten minutes h m e i n nu Le t: between the carriages, by the sudden hacking o rl i N after it hod been made fast, without any signal that, although he was removed forthwith to th,C.'lle 'leceased menea. given. The certain parties, th e inquiry was adjourn, d ,47( d Cin e og p lul u ee" ty ge e ll o w ro : n p e icta r o ; im, but, owing to the alleged y ou „7 , 1 Monday evening, when, no doubt, the enn o ! l4 thoroughly sifted.—Sereins BY A SliliCries —By Mr Bedford, at the Orange, Car. inn-fields , on the body of Thomas Beard, age d 7e,Ze said that she had known deceaseei some time by 1, - 7 • the same house. He had formerly boo n a ' 6 „ if t and licensed victualler, but latterly had tech a n . 4 mitted suicide.—Elisabeth Bagley, a sheritTs officer. On Tuesday morning, Abele on witness going to deceased's bed-room, a y e alt lying on the floor, with his throat ant, and b wd from the wound, He had a razor in leislu it d , he was attempting to again cut his throat of a. had been unwell, and was obliged to keep hosed, 4 as a stretcher could be procured, the iecested to King's College Hospital, where be kept gruh4, ing until three o'clock on Thursday mormeg, died from su ff ocation, causer , . by . the seem, of the vessels flowing into the windpipe. Otter 04 porary in buying been given , which proved th at the mind of f sn had become ni mpaired, the jury retu rn d a Yerdisse.7, THE EXPEDITION OF GENERAL FLOIEL-I, CHESTER, FRIDAY . — Thin really Quix o ti c expel* which the Express was the lust journal to ez x attention, pointing out the utter hopeloyanera of eyele t prise, at the same time that it deprecated Any colour of sanction from the Govenuni ut to the ay % of British subjects into ouch a mail clueade be tat the attention of the Manchester Commercial ass % To a memorial on the subject, addressed to tas Office, the following reply has been receiv d, Foreign Office, Yaws, " Sir,—l am directed by Viscount Palmerstas to werev e i; receipt of the lever which you achlreseeti to he; kenliee.ei of November, on behalf of the director, of the Crenter..-'l,, ties at Mancheter, requestmg the interference of brt government, in order to pat a non to on exied.be 0 444 Flores and hia agents arc said to be prepsincvaint eaten * Equator, and which the directors eneseer lady to ketn. 4 , the trade of this cotu.try with South Americ.:sod IOLA NOU, in reply, that the matter to which this !curt Man Is* been brought under the attention of her Xhilt•ty*, that Lord Palmerston le fully aware bow import:int the can trade is to tbe commercial internee; of thiscounnt-le; your most obedient, humble servant, "To J. A,pinall Turner, EN., Pres,d;nt of the Commercial Association, 31ansheter." IRELAND DUBLIN, !es! A NEW AVPOTXT)IENT FOR PRIMA. Gura4l4ll General Prince George of CiUnbr:Jire, corn trict, is reported in military circles tor the take cams General of Cavalry, at present ho:len by Major. Gosh Hon. E. P. Lygon. LORI) MONTEAGLE (says the Limerick ekeMOM* turned to Mount-Trenchard, after a penaallanowin with the Board of Works and members of die Gams in London, upon the engrossing subject et empl putt the labouring poor in the exten.ive diettiets essay lordship resides. • The projected new barboarethyetts favourably entertained, and the Expenditure% sielsl be 8,410/. ; also, the Robertstown river dnimt.,tast of B,oool—both most important "orks, to be seer* without entailing a shilling charge upon de haws county, under the Labour Rate A.. 1. STATE OF THE COUNTBT. (From the Limerick CitroTticl;:iyejerde. Since the Arms' Bill expired, the modem in Wiens had brisk sale for guns and pistols, which ore nor polal indiscriminately and without limit by the pumas efla and the surrounding counties. Scarcely a shy pinta numbers are not seen returning from town veil smug in almost every instance, the purchaser first Lies raid his piece by loading it with ball. alidfiring sesagi,am retired locality. We are credibl) informed, tiataidii last fortnight, at least 60 guns were so tested a inid Ellen-street, by partial whose appear:ace tae E denote that they could pay for a stone of axe- Between nine and ten o'clock on '.aturelier nick ts llo Moore, servant to George Bruce, Esti l'ertis,anA crowing the e•-reet opposite rts.Luo..w wantonly attacked by two men Lamed Bichsel Thomas Murphy, one of whom struck him sod Mahot down, but being an athletic person, he soon regorairs sition, and prostrated his assailant, but was poles to ground with him, while the other fellow rushed bard struck him with a brick on the shoulder. hi tined:A of the ruffians snatched a gold brooch from Mood endeavoured to carry off his watch, which be lei doing, as it was held by a strona chain. The scec-v then ran off, but being pursued by Moore, sad watch, were arrested, and brought up at the north on Monday, when the presiding magistrates Isait 5/. each, or two months imprisanin. ut, and to sx in custody until they give security to keep the tris• In the town of Bruff, on Friday evening, the boost 1)r. Bennett was visited by a party of armed ridast succeeded in obtaining, by frightful threats, la , 1 "; piece, and the fellows were greatly annoyed that kW more fire-arms.—The house of Michael Kira, E3l l c was burned down on Sunday night, with a bre of seed potatoes, a new plough, bedding, take, ac &c. This honest man had become obnoxious to or his neighbours for basing paid a half-year's rest el Gough, of Woodsdon n, his landlord, and ea s given another half-year. The farm-house al son tenant, named Buckley, was also set on fire, discovered in time the burning coal in the than the roof, and succeeded in saving his property. 1 . Mon had also paid a half-year's rent to hi hong The dwelling-house of Dents O'Neill, near Shofar , respectable farmer, and tenant of John Singleton, t.41.' attacked by an armed party, but it was no et successfully defended by his two sons. The dust cob.: or 20, stationed himself at the kallselo r with a ;Sub , . informing the assailants that no admittance would b e n and that if they forced the door, the first man emeriti!, surely lose bis life upon the threshold. Upon that ilia tinning to force an entrance, he called to hi' Immures be up stairs to fire, upon which the latter snapped at them, to one of the men covered at the time, but the gun ; Of nately missed fire, not so the pistol, with which he set he wounded one of the party, as he Morel a grapnels whole at once decamped. Young O'Neill re-loaded,and titer shot, sallied out with the doge, and commenced sn pursuit after them, which the darkness erabled elude. How gratifying it must be to those eteelce (tbe O'Neills) that they have. by suet courageous Yea's; probably saved their father's life, wl o, with their Is sister, and maid-servant, were the only other inmetess dwelling —A most daringattempt at robbery wsema ith inst., on part of the midway line at Cudda, nest lbs of Bushell. Mr. Lalor, the pay clerk on the hoe, sai raid Byrne, a gauger, were proceeding to pay the tam being pay-day), when two men, named John blbe'-s , Pat. Whelan, both desperate characters, pounced en and knocked them down, inflicting dangerous worn Byrne ; hut, owing to the alarm being given ' men working on the railway, they had not to rob Mr. Lalor, who had 1601. on his person. was quickly conveyed to Borris-in-Ossory, and tb rounding police stations, and head constable with the Dorris, Coolrain, and Aghavoc men um in pursuit, and after a most harassing run anon oh' try for six miles—on getting to Bushell they found tl fellows detained by two young men, labourers (Mann and Peter Bennett), who, most bravely, pursued the miles across the country, much to their own p e rsonal as the fellows are not strangers—but tram the bourhood of Mountrath. Head-constable Booth h the prisoners before B. Thacker, Esq., J. ro who committed them for trial, and bestowed great ri Duff and Bennett, who, it is hoped, will be rewo Near Kylepark, on Wednesday night, the house ot Cahill was entered by tour men, armed, and kit mended what fire-arms were in the house, they obs gun which they carried off, first atriking Cahill a b the head with a pistol, from the effects of which he sensible.—Near Marlborough, a pay clerk, with 2 ° ( stopped by two men and robbed, but the men on the works turned out in pursuit, overtook, and tiptu robbers.—Last week, a hand of armed men took d of two farmers of the name of Callinan, of 11 county Clare. They then went to Moylan, another. and beat him; to a fanner named Riede-, of Arc:sull beat his wife ; went afterwards to Mr:Griffin, an u and beat him about the head, and left him for dead, party went to a farmer named Molten, and took hi! Nine ermed men broke into Ki.neerandy, the rem Croasdaile Moluny, and swore him not to sell noses attacked the house of Jeanot Quinlivan, of Ballyrob looba, and took his arms. Not finding Quinlival! they beat his son in a most savage manlier. 'l l visited Kilneerandy, after which they went to s of the name of Martin Mannion, near Quin, and be* a savage manner.—Mr. Lally, steward to Sir Jos Mahon, of Weston, Ahaseragh, has received a leto , eniog him with death.—The police of the Nevus Fergus district have this week arrested Patrick Be' 12 armed men, who attacked the house of Michael .. compelled him to swallow a barrister's decre e ; alPbr a notorious character, taken with a Molly M a g uire his pocket on Mondav night ; and H. Lynch, forting • house of Mr. Denis O'Neil, at Rathfoland, on the . the 4th instant, with five other men dres-ed in t clothes, armed with mina —Some mi•nuilt t • etructed four engineers in laying out new works at and in the neighbourhood of r ortroo. They weir lair &a.m.& -- - - V with I " THE TIMES " AS AN AUVIORITY.—Sir t-rprf I ov yesteyrctly, att.dd:nftnegr wthh: Zan: that thew hare escaped all , hadßicheaanuer. interview yesterds., W 1 einem 11.6, w ray., ima.rwar.thoomietatimM:idy.nmirb:.., ate ,rfeexaheftleboddontbsv::::t:hes hiotnuigire hpooluis:. woald fill, rewe.rlbr_thres solo swim combiciand, two onli are remains ot the unfortu talon nate deceased Ilmos Kuhr, 1 ,