The Express. — London, England, 1846-10-26 00:00:00

a I~ I. .. I f THE MUSIC BOOK, PART 1., will be p ub- Hotted on the Slot Inst., price L. 6d., eon SD( the five foßow ing Songs, printed firm Engraved Plates, the usual mow Mn., sad stitched is a wrapper, deigned by ILicsaan Dome : wall. Marie by MG, MAIDEN SING. Words by Barry Corn Pelle. THE FALSE FRIEND. Words by T. Flood. Muria by Wallace. A BONG FOR TUE SEASONS. Snell" by Barry Cornwall. Musk MY %odium BE WHERVERMIN SET. Words by Mark Leman Murals 11, We- O. E. 611(46ga 1:2i A D=lnfininva DECEMBER. Words by Ruts. Mode Eader. THIS MUM BOOK Is sloe a weekly periodical, a nwsber being palildred evea fleturday, prim 6d. lambs NAMM M GIS Moe of the " Musk Bo*" No. 1 . OM. allanhAtethan, Plestetrest (leading to St. Bride's Church), and sold yE sa beiel t _ . 1111.01•161, and dealers In periodicals, of whom pre -__ - The Masks Works will be published on the art ha., T HE Cox IC HISTORY of ENGLAND. Gam? k ihicurr. Instated by Lacs. Price 1.. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S SHILLING MAOAZINE. No. LIM Pries le. THE ALMANACE of the MONTH. No. XI. 1. Edited by Guar= A. 1 therart. Prior rel. "PUNCH ! or, THE LONDON CHARIVARI. Part LE M Price 1.. 4d. Ueda : Publishee at the Punch 011 tea, BS, Fleet-street. WORKS BY MR. CHARLES DICKEN& EALINGS WITH THE FIRM OF DOMBEY and SON, Wholesale, Retail, and far 'Exportation. NC. orb in Monthly Parts, with Mustrations by H. K. BROWNE. Price Be. A Number collimated on the Brat of every month. THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF OLIVER TWIST. Mosersted by Games CIICIIIRKANK. Price lie. cloth (uniform with PICKWICK Parana.") This edithat hat been carefully coffected by the Author throughout, and contains the whole of the origami in.trati... picrußEs FROM ITALY.—Second Editon. With Vignette Mustratimm Price Be., in foolscap 800. Ments.—Paris to Makes—Lyons, the Rhone, and the Goblin Avignon—Avignon to Genoe-43eum and its Netgliboarbood—Parma, Modems, and Bologna—Ferrara—Verona, Mantua, Milan. and the lihnplon—Rome, Naples, and Florence._ . T HE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. A FAIRY TALE OF HOME. 14th Edition, price U. rit CHIMES. A Goblin Story of some Bells that Ram an Old Year Out and a New Year In, 12th Edition. Se ACHRISTMAS CAROL, in PROSE being a Ghost Story of Christ:rasa. litb ear - Pri:e LOaDCIa : BILADIWIT AND Erase, 'E. FOR UNCH'S POCKET-BOOK , 1847, illaslinied with a Wound Frontispiece end morons Marrsv , 1S Nig end Weed y Joan Lunn and Ilicamio Dons, tee Ilikedes IlitiollisOsh Price 28. 641. Una.: PidMing et the Pe:eat" Orike, es, Flert-stseet. enivems. NAILS. near ps that of St. John is to Liverpool The dill— cultyi in Captain HOSKEN'S ease would be to escape knowing that the lighthouse had been completed and 4ghted, not to .obtein the information. On this account, and also of the resigned tone of self-skaifice which pervades Captain HOSKEN'S letter, we are persuaded that the idea of attributing the loss of the Great Britain to the omission of the St. John's light on the chart by which he was navigating, has not been propagated for his sake. It did not originate with him : he has only taken the tale. There has, indeed, from first to last, been great exertion made to mystify the public about this accidiat. At the first, the chart used by Cap tain I:Waxy( was said to have been published this year to have been purchased from the agent for the sale of the Admiralty charts at Liverpool, and to bear the name of WALKER. The intention of the last gratuitous piece of information is obvious from its effects. Until Mr. BATES' contradiction came out, everybody seems to have assumed that the chart had been compiled by the hydrographer to the Admiralty. .The cloud of detail in which the essential parte of the story have been enveloped, have all had the same end in view. Seamen, who have a distant idea of the relative positions and appearances of the plans men tioned, who can judge of the effects of accidental cir cumstances npon the distance and course ran by the vessel, knew that they are quite unimportant. The whole and sole aim of all the irrelevant talk has been,' to enable the directors of the Great - Western Com pany to divert blame from themselves or their Cap tain, and disseminate an opinion that everything pos sible had been done to prevent the accident. The Admiralty are to blame, say the directors. They call upon insurance companies, merchants, &0., " to aid them in urging upon the legislature an enact meat with beavypenaittea against all Admiralty agents who shall, after the passing of the same, sell charts without an annual certificate that they have beset' examined by a person or persons in authority, either from the ilydrographer's-office or the Trinity-hone, and that they contain all the known lights, buoys, beacons up to the date of the said certificate.' This is cool. The directors know that charts so certified are published by the Hydrographeel office, and are to be had of the Admiralty agents. The fault is theirs, if they or their captains neglect to supply themselves with thee correct and, authentic charts; putting up, for economy or any other motive, with less trustworthy compilations. An me of the Legislature is indeed wanted; but to be effective it nnutbe directed against those who buy, not those who sell. Any smuggler can tell us that, so long as there are purchasers for a commodity, no penal laws can prevent their getting it; but that, take sway the.. market, and the trade dies a natural death. Prevent shipoweers and masters of ships from purchasing any but authenticated charts, and Admiralty agents and all . other map-sellers will cease to sell any other of their own accord. From what has been stated, it is pretty clear that the omission on the chart had nothing to do with running the Great Britain ashore ; but from what has been stated it is also clear, that care had not been taken by the directors of the Great Western Com pany and their captain to provide themselves with the correct and authentic charts necessary for the. safe navigation of their vessel On tke part of indi viduals engaging in the passenger traffieeer general carrying, such neglect is wanton trifling With per.' sone safety and property. For years the Admi ralty have been offering correct, carefully-com piled, periodically-revised charts to the merchant service; buttheir offers have been neglected, übt Tamely by the lower class of adventurers in that line, bat by crack cotapanies, each at; the Great Western. Nothing short of an act of parliament can compel the mercan tile marine to supply itself with the Admiralty charts, and security of person and property to an immense amount renders it indispensable that they should be compelled so to supply themselves. Admiralty by drogmphers are liable to err like other people ; but Admiralty hydrographers thus charged with the exclusive responsibility of furnishing our commer cial ea well as military marine, would have more powerful motives to exert thesneelves to be accu rate than private map-makers possibly can have. . If, to enforce payment from underwriters, it were necessary to show in case of shipwreck that the directions on the Admiralty charts had been. strictly observed, the great mercantile body, by means of the House of Commons, would soul' compel the Admi ralty' to employ bettor hydrogniploom The overland cloned mannTis Mor : anike, to-the Mediterranean, Mann. Aden, 451eylon, India, Meetaang, ke., will be made up on the evening of the 271110cdoher. The made foe Oarkeria,ll2lo, Opi -Wien, Madeira, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, will be made mina thegnankg Mths 27th Octater. The meat law lee* Webs, an Mom% land, will be mods up th e let WNW. The W ateak inhibitions*" IdediT io =es, and Havana. will im MI the newmlniettlee 7115 witabst waft (illadler, Mall" Ora* the denim idiot* Ziwt, Aden. Cley y ko, lady Illoasalaweh and Non Mae, har. wiw Ibrabainattm, made aon the mandag of tbe lad na TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot sodas, in any way, any esmsweeketiwa that k mkt In as anonymously ;ba those who chasm to Womb b *readable will End Meer confidence NEITHER CAN WE UNDERTAKE TO RETURN ANT YANGBCRIPT9 WHATEVER— IV Advertisements intended for The Brprece, London evening taper, moat be at the Ofike by Two o'elock on the eky el pubtkiedion. MOM WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE. NM DAY. Morning, 17 mln. put ; Alternate, 43 skin. prat 6. To•amouow.--Ilorning, 8 min. put 6; Afternoon, 33 min. past 6. LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 26. THE apology for the Great Britain le now fully before the public. The directors of the company to which that vessel belongs have published a report, embodying Captain HOSK EN'S explanation of his Con duct, and a series of resolutions containing their own judgment upon it. It is impossible to avoid sympathising with Captain HOSKEN. For fifteen years he has navigated steam vessels and sailing vessels, Falmouth packets, mer chant ships, and lastly the Great Britain, without incurring any misadventure except upon the late wa gon. It was not sheer good fortune. He kept his reckonings himself : he was an intelligent, diligent, watchful officer. He was known to be so. He not long ago received a complimentary letter and Valuable present from the underwriters at LLOYD'S for nautical skill and seamanship. To such a man, even though the loss of the Great Britain should draw downnpon him no pecuniary liability, no risk of being thrown out of employment, the wound given to his honest proles nional pride is enough to entitle him to compassion. In his eyes the reputation built up by the exertions of fifteen years is cast down by this mishap. But public safety requires that Captain HOSKEN'S feelings should be left out of view in dealing with the running ashore of the Great Britain. . Captain HosKEN says, or rather insinuates, leav ing the directors to say for him, that he was be trayed into an error ofjudgment through the omission of St. John's light on the chart by which he was navi gating ; that not being aware of the existence of the light on St. John's Point, Dandram Bay, he mistook it for one of the lights on the Calf of Man. That Captain HOSKEN could have made such a mis take is simply impossible. From the mouth of the Mersey he had steered a N.W. by N. coarse. any person who looks to a map will see, of pekes pity carried him to the north of the Isle of Man, that island presenting to a vessel on such a course the very acute angle of its northern extremity. About half-past five, Captain HOSKEN saw the Isle of Man, and could not but be aware that, on the course he was steering, at the rate of nearly eleven knots an hour which he believed the vessel to be making, the Isle of Man must have disappeared behind him oven on a clear day within half an hour of the time of his getting sight of it. Is it then possible that three or three-and-a-half hours later, he could believe a light still ahead of him to have been one of the lights of the Calf of Man ? If it had been, his vessel must have been remaining motionless during the in terval, idly revolving her paddles. It is not a question of quicker or slower sailing, but of sailing or no sailing. This is not all. There is no resemblance between the light on St. John's Point, and either of the lights on the Calf of Man— sup posing the other to have been from some cause invisible. The lights on the Calf of Man are respectively 396 and 305 feet above high water, the light on St. John's Point only 62 ; the lights on the Calf are revoking, the light on St. John's intermit ting ; the interval of revolution is the Calf lights is two minutes, the intermission of St. John's light is a bright light for forty-five seconds with an eclipse of fifteen. The calm, clear, ;tad circumstantial answer just given by the Edinfeurgh 'feriae, to the vindictive representations of a French writer who was in our service in India, and, we believe, was compelled to quit it, is abenefit rendered not merely to the cause of truth, but to the mntual good understanding between the omit-lies. Nothing has tended more strongly to keep up the ignorant hatred and prejudice of France against England, and of England against France, than the stupid falsehoods of palms who have written accounts of either, under the inspiration of personal Soreness or malice. Bat it has now become im possible to deceive by 'malignity in that respect : France and England are too well known. Though a Lord Mayor may still be represented on the French stage as selling his wife in Smithfield, such charges are confined to Arcs!, and banished from books. But if the mother ocomtries are closed to the fabulist, the colonies are open ; and Monsieur Da WARREN seized a favourable opportunity to tell strange stories of our Indian doings, which long passed current without contradiction, and made us appear ogres to many worthy French readers. At the same time, the task of enacting the part of a dominant' caste, of expelling old conquerors from a country, and of taking their places over a subject po pulation with which we can have no affinitiesof habits, or clime, is one so difficult, that there should be little wonder if it has led to cruelty and injustice. In particular, our treatment of the upper or ruling dames throughout Hindostan, certainly affords ample scope for fair animadversion. In earlier days, when we were struggling for empire, and when the treachery of a Rajah, or the insolent hatred of a bigot foe, en dangered our trade and existence in India, severity had a pretext. We can understand the peremptory rigour of HASTINGS, and even the unblushing spolia trona of too many of his contemporaries in India. But we have Iceland less excuse every day ; and the cavalier capture of Seinde, which might have been a natural course of conduct in the last century, is a flagrant anomaly, as well as injustice, to have occurred in the middle of the present On this subject M. DE WARREN might have sorely pelted us with truth ; instead of which he has merely picked up a few baseless fables, and flung them against the least vulnerable parts of our Indian history. Witness his foolish diatribe on our treatment of the Great Mogul. The functionary class we have perhaps worse treated than any other ; having completely super seded them ; nor even made as much uae of native assistance in the judicial and administrative func tions, as the Dutch have in Java. But in this re spect the foundation has been already laid for im provement. The education of the natives of India, so as to fit them for offices of trust, has met with especial attention and encouragement from Lord HANGINGS ; and it may be hoped that the next generation will belie those charges of unfairness, for which there may now be some colour. The reproach of unfairness to the commercial and trading classes in India, is the most gratui tous and unfounded. The increase of East India exports and imports shows that if England sends more, it takes more ; and that the native in dustry formerly employed in the manufacture of cotton, has not been loot or turned adrift, but has been directed to the rearing of produce more congenial • to the clime, and more conducive to the wealth of • India. It is bewildering, certainly, for a seaman to see a light start up before him where he has no reason to expect one. But is it credible that Captain Hoaxing was unaware of the existence of the light on St. .John's Point? He has " frequently taken the north Channel before," and thinks it best with the wind and weather he sailed with. He would " take it in preference, were all other things equal." Is it likely that the careful and expert seaman, praised and re warded by Lunn's, would neglect to make himself acquainted with all the landmarks on and adjoining the channel of his preference ? Is that seaman a master of his craft, who, sailing from Liverpool, is between England and Ireland as much at the mercy of his chart in this simple matter, as a new countryman in London for the first time is at the mercy of his map? A chart is not the only means of learning where lights are placed. The able seaman does not trust to one chart, or neglect to study it till the moment of danger comes. The light now in question is placed on the Admiralty chart of that part of the Irish coast; and is even indi cated on the Admiralty's =all index chart of the British islands. More than this :—ln the Admiralty catalogue of 1844, the St. John's Light house is stated to be building ; but in the " additions and corrections" issued from the Hydrographical Office on the Bth of May last, and since that time pre fixed to the catalogue, the light is described. The first lighting-up of every new lighthouse is regularly advertised by the Admiralty, and repeated in their shipping intelligence as a piece of news by all the leading journals. Such an event is an event in mari time affairs ; a natural subject of conversation in sea por i circles, more especially when the new light is so The rule of England; the security, publicity, peace, Eli , ether claw" program.: "niece seems all such cage an inipetiOns necessity fbe 66veistmoit interfeTeTeuir le—clify;Tu—ilie distribution or - prolits, that harsh law which seems to disinherit the poor. Such a law we find operating in India and in Ireland, totally different as are the circumstances, society, and government. It is one of the great unsolved political problems, on which, however, human inge nuity is amply and actively at work. We shall not enter into the oft-mooted question of how likely or how swiftly Russia is to swallow np our Indian empire. The bugbear at present assumes no attitude calculated to appal us. When, year after year, the colossus power and multitudinous armies of the Czar are arrested by SCHAMIL, and baffled by the mountain hordes of Circassia, it is surely premature to think of taking precautions on the Indus; other, at least, than the grand and sacred precaution of render ing the population under our rule instructed, contented, and happy. /84am focliorne igh% add toNiefform we comprehend fully both the right and the duty, there is a fair probability that we shall begin to exer cise the one and discharge the other. The despatches of our Paris correspondent of Fri day's date have brought us most disastrous and melancholy accounts of the consequences of a flood which had occurred is the Loire, the waters of which have suddenly risen to a height exceeding anything knoern for a century back. An extraordinary fall of rain, which continued for two days incessantly, pro duced this effect The Loire and its tributaries have been equally the theatres of this phenomenon, and have produced inundations, unknown within the memory of any one living, throughout the depart ments of La Loire, Allier, Loir-et-Cher, and of the Loiret. In a single night the waters of the Loire itself rose twenty French feet. The celebrated levees of that river have been broken through in several places, and extensive plains inundated to the level of the roofs of the houses. The disaster has been most calamitous at Orleans. Our correpondent has se lected from the various reports the following Ow- - ticulars : • "At Moulins the whole population were up during the night of the 18th, assisting by torchlight the unfortunates whose dwellings were submerged ; notwithstanding the activity of the people, the devotion of the authorities, and the aid of the military, it was physically impossible to assist all. Numerous boats loaded with goods were entirely lost ; bales of rods, hogsheads of wine and brandy, timber and merchandise of every descripties, Sneed in every direetcs. The bridges of Vichy, Chazeuil, La Pallid, I)o=Narre, Digoin, and others, have been swept away. In the depart. mentor La Loire, the bridges of St. Just and Andrezieux, and Balbigny, have been carried away. At Roane: the digue has been broken, and the river has resumed its ancient bed, deserting the bridge. The Hotel de Flandre, and all in it, the post-boass, and a great number of other houses, hay • disap peared. At Andresiena the village has been entirely carried away ; scarce a trace of the railway is left ; the suspension bridge is gone, the barracks a heap of ruins ; as the sudden rise of the wsters took place during the night, several per sons have perished. At St. Paul Coruillon, a little village has; been entirely destroyed; at Boanne, from forty to filly hostiles are entirely submerged. The mail posts from Paris to Marseilles tees been stopped. Houses were so sud denly invaded by the waters, that the families could may take refuge upon the rooft At midnight, a lend rush of the waters took place. Between Fears and Bon, the diligence of Lafitte was suddenly surrounded by the overflowing of the Upon, and was stopped. The waters quickly gathered round it; three or four persons have perished; the conducteur and the postilion fell a sacrifice to their incredible efforts to save a lady who was an inside . Other passengers, mere fortunate, 'paved themes ree by !swimming. One of them had the pre sence of mind to out the traces of one of the horses, on which ' he mounted to effect his escape. The horse, after swimming for a considerable time, sank to rise no more ; the passenger, however, saved himself by swimming. The town of Movers, at the confluence of the Nievre and the Loire, saw suddenly the mass of waters of both rivers rushing down with terrible fury. Information of the results have not yet arrived. At Blois the streets are under water to a depth of seven feet. The water, having broken across the road of St. Gervais, have resumed the ancient bed of the river, which at present forms the rich valley of Chailles and Can& ; over this region ferry-boats are employed transport ing in every direction the inhabitants who have taken re fuge in the upper stories of the houses. At night, all places supposed to be liable to inundations are illuminated by torches, and extraordinary lamps have been erected. The mayor and his assistants, the commissary and agents of whoa, hare sat during the night at the mayory, ready to supply help when required." Such are a few of the details which first arrived at Paris; they ere, however, nothing in comparison to the disasters which have been spread over the depart ment of the. Loiret. The whole country called the Val de Loire is under water. The city of Orleans is in consternation. The mayor has sent urgent demands to Purim for help. The following particulars are selected from further reports : • " At Orleans the Loire in twenty-four hours rose sixteen feet : a sudden fall then took place. the redaction amounted pe twenty lathes in two hours, and continued during the reeorf the twentieth. This abatement produced a new ; the embankments cracked, and at one place were amnia away to an extent of sixteen feet. A horrible Mae like an expiation was heard upon the quays of Orleans ; it was the railway viaduct of Vierson, which the visit-nee of the torrent had burst. The levee near Bt. Pei has been carried away through a Length of about Mitserdlve yards, and Immediately the Loire assumed the enaelllll/1011, not of a river, but of a sea! As far as the eye mai see, there was only a horizon of waters. All the cons Mims of the Val are literally submerged. Some houses are imaidated to the depth of twenty feet; others are totally Help is erred for everywhere, but difficult to be =.7 d 'How can boats be directed through gardens inter sected by hed• ? besides, the numbers of boats available are , utterly inuent. Boatmen cannot be obtained, and the- • danger is as great to those who offer, as to those who receives lesistancet. Unfortunates who took refuge in the upper Member* of the bosses are taken out by means of rope lad-. 4ses. ileireral of the houses in Orleans have Wren by tie rzOrder wa ters. The conservatories are all destroyed. ciountrf,the unfortunate inhabitants are insulated,. some on the root of their boasts, others in barns, some imerseg the branches of trees. Meanwhile, food fails ; the• rrcannot make bread ; depilation. is universal. On. a i ftersoon of the 20th the tocsin wee sounded in all. theiteminanes of the Val, and in the night the gammon cry "wave qui pent." Here and there upon the quays,. and is the coy, peasants were seen driving beasts before. gamma, 'Web they had saved from the riser ' • whole families were nearly naked, stripped of all resource , and barely able to save the vet from the fury of the miter*. The infants. and the apd woe without shelter or help. The disaster, meantime spreads: the Loire again ineremes. At Orleans all business is suspended ; the custom-houser the exchange, the tribunal of commerce—all are shut. It is impassible to esti, Mate the enormous amount of the loss It is a stational disgster.". Although a flood has affected the Seine,the disasters produced by it are comparatively-baling. The waters Me on Wednesday night about eighteen inches; MI TharelaY at noon, the depth riteeked on the seal, of the Pent Royal was about eigftt feet. The Minister :of Public Works left Paris, (se Thursday morning, to examine personally the derange produced by the flood Centre Railway - trains arrived cm Thurs- AMONG the many recent circumstances which serve to cheer and encourage the friends of National Edu cation, we must not pass over without notice the nearly simultaneous appearance of articles on the subject in the Quarterly and Westminster Betimes, so perfectly co-incident in their views and arguments, Mot it is not easy to determine "which is the Chris tian here, and which the Jew." Both advocate the great principle that popular education should be as affair of the state; the Quarterly labouring to recon cile the Church, and the Westminster the Dissenting bodies, to the proposed transfer of power. It is curious ,to find that nearly the same arguments are addres se d to these opposite parties, and that the reviewers find the objections to be obviated very nearly the same in the opposite interests which they desire to con ciliate. It might seem as if something of sectarianism existed in the establishment, and a portion of hiero crag had been infused into dissent. But the truth Mather is, that both the churchmen and the dissenters who have opposed the interference of Government with national education, have Mien into a common error respecting the. State, and the relations of the State to society. Such an error lies at the foundation of the opposition made by Mr. EDWARD BAINES to the pro posed system. He speaks of the State as some body alien, if not hostile; to the nation. — _'But:the State is nothing more than society itself in its jural capacity ; it is the representative of the public ; and if it be im perfectly so, the proper remedy is not to cripple the State, bat to amend the representation. In asserting the right and the duty of die State to assume the functions of superintendent of national education, we do not, as Mr. B sttrEs supposes, assert the right of Government to interfere in all the concerns of social life. The very terms of the propo sition fix its limits. If education is to be national, it must be a department of the State, for no other body but the State his a national existence. What ever is ecclesiastical belongs to the hierarchy, Whatever is sectarian comes within the domain of dissent, but whatever is national belongs neither to church nor meeting-home : and the real question at issue, which Mr. BAINES has left untouched, is simply 'anther public education should be national, or whether it should be, as it now is, fragmentary and accidental. We should bs the last to underrate the voluntary exertions of the British peopk,butanr admiration of these exertions does not go quite so tar as to make is, in love with a voluntary State. We should hesitate in entrusting the defence of the country and it s colonies entirely to volunteer soldiers and sailors ; the exhibitions of "the great unpaid" have failed to con vince us that volunteer judges should be superadded to volunteer justices • parish constables have in their day performed good service, but we are not there fore disposed to dispense with a State police; cum have been effected by herbalists, old women, and quacks, but we nevertheless desire to have a State superintendence over medical qualifications. It is not the business of the State that the rising generation should be brought up as Churchmen or as Dissenters, but it is the business of the State that they should be trained as good men and good citizens. The State is bound to render its sub jects civilised, and not to leave them in the condition of the savages of New •Zealand and Australia. The connexion between crime and ignorance is indisputably established. We presume that Mr. BAINES will not deny that the suppression of crime is a proper function of the Government ; and that he would not substitute for public officers the Judge LYNCH of America, the Captain. RocK of Ireland, or the 11111111CCA of Wales, all of whom are voluntary administrators of what they are pleased to regard as " the wild justice of revenge." Hs would not import the system of " regulators" established in Illinois to supersede our marts of assize. If, then, Om repression of crime be a proper function of the Gorenunent, it is the duty of the Government to adopt the most e ffi cient means for that purpose ; and if education be found a strong preventive agency, then it is the manifest duty of the State to provide for the efficiency of education. Mr. BAINES does not object to grants is aid from day by the Tours Hallway ,-. the public treasury ; with what consistency, then, can he organs of the Of position vindicate the Swim he resist the supervision of the application of Notch Liberals from the attar ks made upon them by the gnats P The State is a neutral body. Parliament Debate, as , :uoted in ou r eorrespondence of Saturday, " ts alike the Churchman, the Roman Catholic and other and the Unitarian; it essentially belongs to none of sition to these, tb at, in fact, the free corps them, and collectively is independent of all; firrther.. have ceased to e x ist, , that the liberal Cantons have more, it indifferently levies taxes on all. Churchmen disa v owed i... _, u ihein , s p laced in obedience to the Diet, and that, eves under the regime of may with justice object to be taxed for sectarian ""' the law, they dem' anded in their turn the expuhirm 'chords, and Dissenters for church schools ; but e arrival called the free corps into wither one nor the other has a denominational right es i iiienee. and w i ion paralysed the efforts I to object to taxation levied for common and public of th e curium, to mountain the public tranquillity. iiillieets. Adjectives of exclusion were banished from If, as seems Pr obable, the federal government will our constitutional vocabulary in 1829, but Mr. find itself come ailed to pronounce against the Jesuits, Rims writes as if they existed not merely in name the ultra , Mouf .ane Cantons will mist, and a collision but in the most stringent reality. win ensue / ietween them and the Diet. If the We have had sole experience of the administration Can ton!, o t edi - ,, , 11 re e iL itu rree rted , shboyuldthe,_,,libe,_ralbrtn of public funds by voluntary bodies, and are far from ins the v mv ,...,,, ' cantons to oon i f : l nd ", finding any good reason to admire the results. Unpaid t h e * h am to r; dissolving the League, conf or mit y commissions have been among the most costly issued; appeal I , ill necessarily be made to those whatever Government has in that way got far Rodin which b ave guaran t ee d th e f e d era l pact. mos, 1' has proved to be extravagantly dear at the price. We !Inning ' the rest, will then be called on to internee, remember the consequences of giving public money in ilhVe .ur of those very Liberals whom the organs of for the support of the Charter schools and the schools ilat o .tbinet now condemn. Hence, it is contended, of the Kildare-street society in Ireland. The Charter r a i z, j arise a false position for e authorities have sae- M. Guizct. Account,. schools became nuisances which Government was Berne reKlit the forced to abate ; the Bidders street society adopted air .dad in checking further disturbances ; from all P Jeri of the Canton assistance has been offered to the rules which rendered their schools odious to 1 . . Jovernment. Twelve hundred armed volunteers the Catholic population o f I r eland, the bock, from the surrounding country have been placed at its moat in want of education, and for whom disposal, but the authorities had not seen occasion to use the parliamentary grant was chiefly in - avail themselves of this force. tended. But we need not go out of I.# a. Letters from Italy, dated Bologna, 13th init., bring don to show that the voluntary administral ion reports of attempts made at Faenza by the retrograde of public money for the purposes of education is F Able Party, secretly excited, as it is said, by Austrian to much abuse. A very benevolent gentleman • mi sle d strata. tram O F n ae th n e es ll t T, R a i p itt arty ie p o r f o y v o i u nci ng o pen to te m in ad th e e an ne e i x g cu hb rsi ur on . by subscription a good round sum for the ref .ablish ment of a charity school ; aid was obtained from the hood, to celebrate the amnesty . granted by His Holiness, by government ; the school was built ; the Sr 49 of the means oleame n a f n n a e i; on A treTia n d f to br gtereePt of an ti cr attack mon nominal committee who thought it wore s while to their return. A party of chasseurs, however, happened to attend, in deference to him who had cotrimenced the approach the city by the same route, who , . being mistaken subscription and had headed the list, acqu i esce d i n for .i the revellers, ewc we d r e e d. fire . il h u e p i o g i o i v b en th or e bort.iTsends, and nza l two of his nomination of schoolmaster ;—and b e appointedhia thi ' slan w ed re out ‘ ge gendarmes, who, it was found, l lf liarr o :c h ks by order of how disabled footman, to whom he would otherwise have ever, were shut up in their been bound in honour to grant a perision. Now this t e ir s cooinia gu nder, was were whn then called out, n wh e o re , eider b f y out tti; is no isolated instance ;we could mr ntion many others inhabitants, attacked the brigands. The engagement lasted which have come within our own i anowledge. But it is th n rs . w t h h o i r i r d s, in v6hnitesoremtue return the and of many wounde d . not necessary to do so. The poy.ver of expending pub- i loie w prolegs ee te . of Ravenna ordered out two part l pieces artillery ln lie money must not be divested of responsibility, and ! and caused the barge to be occupied and put in a state of the responsibility of an unrAid and self-elected core- I liege ; the brigands took refuse upon a mo un t a i n on th e can- I mittee is mere moonshine. fines of Tuscany . This intelligence caused much agitation . at Bologna, and through all Romagna. A gene ra l d e m an d It may be eupponfl by some that we have dwelt has been m ade to the government to replace the principal authorities by persors devoted to the Pope 1 leas likely to become the instruments of of Saturday teem with accounts of caused by the inundations. Nature .ve risen against the human race, and to 4 this present year with unwonted ealami failure of the potato crop and the deficiency of general subsistence, are only indt- Aces taken from a large ean of frightful The scourge has fallen upon the popula tion of several of the central departments of France in the form of nothing less than a deluge ! Embank ments which for ages confined the waters of a great river, and save up to the cultivation of an industrious and thriving population a rich and fertile valley of vast extent, have been swept away in a single night, and the destroying angel has visited those who on the eve laid down to rest from their toils in habittial security. Dewt ments which have been spared by the flood, have been ravaged by fire. These visitations, sad as they are, are however the one tern "rary and local, the other within the control of a o government, and wise laws. Unfortunately there is too much reason to apprehend distress more universal than the oasis, and more inevitable than the other. Reports received by several Parisian journals, bring intelligence of the most distressing situation to which the rural population 1 in several departments of France is reduced, by the high price of food. In Auvergne, Berri, theOrleannois, La Brie and other parts of the country, the sufferings of the poorer classes are represented to be extreme. In the Upper Loire, it is said that the measure of grain which used to be sold for 2s. British, has now risen to 4s. 6d. The potatoes arc totally destroyed by the blight ; and the distress of the people is in no respect less severe than that which is reported to pre vail in Ireland. Last year was considered as a cala mitous season. It was, however, one of abundance oompared with the present. None save those who are compelled to witness them can adequately estimate the terrible sufferings which, from this combination of the scourges of flood, fire, and famine, await in numerable families during the approaching winter. Further repiets of the inundations •reached Paris in the course of the afternoon of Saturday. New dis asters are announced from Orleans. The route from Tours is entirely intercepted by the inundation. The couriers from Tours, Angers, and Nantes have ceased to arrive at Orlearis. A considerable extent of the railway between Orleans and Tours is submerged by the waters of the Loire. The rivers Yonne and Du rance have also overflowed their banks. Our corre spondent has selected from the vast mass of reports which arrived in Paris from the theatres. of this phe nomena the following particulass: . " The number of houses destroyed in the city of Roxanne is 115. Of 400 boats loaded with merchandise, which were moored on the opays, 270 are totally lost. The property thus destroyed is estimated at a million of franca at least. The town of Bolligoy is entirely devastated. A considerable portion of the village. Nally and Rougy is destroyed, and it appeus that several persons in them have been lost. The barrack of gendarmes at Andrwieux having been destroyed, the men with their wives and children took ref*e upon the roof of the stables. Notwithstanding the screams of dis tress which they uttered it was not until the next day at noon that four boatmen determined, in spite of the tears and supplications of their families, to risk their lives to save these unfortunates." The following particulars are selected from the reports brought from the department of the Niivre : Never within the memory have the waters of the Loire so risen. The river to overflow the banks on the 18th ; but no one expec ted the prodigious inundation by which suddenly the country was submerged, on the night between the eighteenth and nineteenth. It was at three in the morning like a tide rising at the rate of four feet an hour. The river suddenly invaded the lower part of the town of Never*, alter having covered with its foaming waves the entire valley around it. A great number of inhabitants, threatened in their beds, had scarcely time to fly and give the alarm. At the break of day the whole population was up, listening with terror to the roaring of the waters which continually increased around them. What a s pectacle of horror! The Loire end Nievre, mingling their waters, formed an immense lake, under which the faubourgs of Houeese Nisvre, and Loire nearly disappeared. Here there appea red floating on the water timber and fbroiture, baste carried away from their pasturage* and every sort of debris, evidence of the most cruel disaster. Fire.arms diiehamed as sigmas of dh tres* and the scream of miserable 'features confined to their dwellings by the surrounding waters, were every where heard. Two steamboats proved of inestimable service. Throughout the day these sailed from house to house, taking on board the wretched inhabitant* a considerable iiiintier of wham had lost their reason by despair and terror. It wee only by foam that these unfortunates were dragged from their dwellings cm board the boats which had come to their remise. It was esti mated diet' these two steamboats *Tod, durloirtle day, above 600personS. The greatest 'dhvifetude was hit for a body of shwa leketems, who were lodged near Gustim It was knows that the work.* at daft pins* were totally sub merged. All tummenication had been. cut off. and enli if these unfortunate men bad escaped death by droWning they must havwbeen amass expeeed to it by lentrger. One- of the steentboato had gone *their relief, but* wee still unknown 'ln what state they ware Sound, having remained *radar' exposed ex.*, greatest:perils. It is feered, mays; one sort 'that we shalt have *seecedilleasters still greater than hose which are sownader our eye, great as them are ; the mere loseesof property sad subsistence have been 11311111111 M. We have around us, to-day, hundred" of families without 'bread, attar:a an asylum, mid without anexurees !" Our Walt% sad not the failure of the of Ithese mielbrtunes, compel us to *lose these :rendin,g • The Levant mail was received is Paris as the afternoon of %May. The juntasa of Athens were 'to the dative the 10thi, and those ` et Conetantimple to the itho these of Alexandria to the 9th, and Malta 'to the 14ths The appointment of Reechid Pella to' the post of Brand Vizier was the great event of the day, enable formal installation, as well as that of Ali Effendi,. as Minister for Foreign Affairs, took place on the 29th ult. The next day they received at their residesee all the high dignitaries of the empire, as well as the Amlisesaclors of France and Austria. A report was circulated that Rim Paella was to have been mat as governor of Damascus. The amounts frees Alexandria state that the Pacha was still there, but would 110011 depart for Cairo. The Nile had risen twenty-four feet, end made groat ravages. Ibrahim and Abbas Pacha had gone Into the province of Seluirtrie where the floods had done great damage, the emban kments being swept away. All the boats, both at Alexandria and Cairo, have been seized by government, to transport the mate rials neoeseary for repairing the embankments. The harvest of maize was entirely destroyed, and that of cotton much damaged. More than sixty villages were flooded, and if the Waters did not subside, it was feared that Lower Egypt would be converted into one immense lake. The steamer Ariel, of the Oriental and Peninsular Company, had arrived at Alexandria, where it brought the English Consul, Mr. Murray. The Ariel made its passage in twelve days. This boat was to make an attempt from Alexandria to Marseilles on the 20th, with the despatches ex pected from Bombay by the, Monthly Mail, in com petition with what Mr. Waghorn is attempting by the route of Trieste. It is expected that this will decide which of the two routes is the most expedi tious. The two boats, the Ariel, which has just arrived, and the Austrian Lloyd's steamer Imperatore, which had been waiting at Alexandria since the 4th, were to start together, with their respec tive despatches ; the first by Marseilles, the second by Trieste. Bets were made that the despatches by Marseilles would reach London 36 hours in advance of those by Trieste. The Oriental and Peninsular Company have definitively agreed with the Egyptian government for the transport of merchandise. The company had kept for this purpose two boats upon the Nile. but the delay incidental to their passage rendered necessary an arrangement with the govern ment, which has undertaken the transport of all mer chandise at a stipulated rate, and purchases the steamers. The attention of the Paris journalists of all parties on Saturday was engrossed by the movements in Switzerland. A more striking example can scarcely be offered of the way in which the hue of filets is changed, and their form distorted, when viewed through the medium of party feeling, than the jour nals of Paris exhibit on this question. Listen to the conservative journals, and you will hear that anarchy, ignorance, vulgarity, and intolerance are dominant in Switzerland ; that democracy finds itself isolated and unsupported in the conflict of varying opinions. Hear, on the other hand, the opposition journals, and they will tell you of the expulsion from power of governments who have b e t ra y e d th e i r trust and violated the laws ; of a victorious insurrec tion ; and giving oblivion to the popular wrongs com mitted by the fallen government; of the re-establish ment of order; of respect for the laws; of general tranquillity ; of the security of property and persons, and public contentment. Amidst this cabal of journal ism, the facts which are actually before us are, that, except the riots in Berne, which are generally ad mitted to have arisen from causes having no political THE EXPRESS, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER , 26,. 1846. ,• and activity, w. • attend it ; cannot but add to the lat toe 44 upon first princ* .lesr : !butlwii 'fail de ll and milieu) , anti) • it u , • t h e .•". ,io . !er, •. , y -,ttl t tzt:?gress, and le prosperi If ~, . _ 10 , , 2 ~- A . ..kb . ~. i , . y. 0 ' • "Tfie Paris papers wik , 9 - 4- head, no 4 .',;* . kiii v f ifi• th - b fb* , . vie!, . oe . 1 , ir k" t.... • i .? ; ... . do. .i. .' ' z "th m •., ove .. kl. ' . •ra .. ,- .“ aineteee taus poorer c tor ~ a , „ . .. I 1 . I' ' • 1 1 ace - r . . ore . ... t me an: p " O3B 1 'ms to have rise e m intri i'...4. , inen, , ~1 AV J .•, and mo 'O.. - - .. - . .. to nen that suggeas ,;;;;... . o atificriN . ..., afflict, us in t his pn ported, the peasant sal. ....• . - yes ter himself iftti he'Statetnis neglected na onal . -• , eitti?n, an. we, ties. The fa ilur e of as members of the_S_tateoreparticipants in the guilt . ot . the !apply o Set proportionate to the rise in value. _ lie_ ....„•.. - . 1, ••• _ _ whilst Elk. ether class" progress...U.4w amps .in es fOiliorne at once to exercise a valuable vt ( llat. lll3 ta aces tak .11....t....-1.1... inineelnicinecessitifbrekvefettnent ghti, add toYarfonn an, important duty ; but when •Vial. tations. The six - - - - - _ . non of several of th. '1 - character, and to have been so effectually aj34 supPtcased, that the authorities fouofnd the a condition to decline the aid milit ary, offered by the surrounding country, t i m ,77 li n fact no absolute disturbance or th e b ar i • 1 tranquillity. Much conjecture is thr otra r7, as to the operation of causes w or m oy not produce disturbances in thheieh la 7 thi d, canto's, and between th e cantons of the k — ,..7 an d th e l arger cantons, and on the adel, —5 " quences of the discu ss i on i n the Diet resp eet th,7 , 1 * the expulSion of the Jesuits. A report is mentioeld. e the Grand-council at Basl e , h av i ng postponed or-r layed Its decision against th e J esu i ts, a commmueat '`" was ma d e t o it, that if it should desire to app a l t „ force,' the militia and the artillery had positvely 4 fused to act under its orders. A large portion of the provincial and foreign J our . oats failed to arrive in Paris on Saturday owin g to I floods. The Courrier Frantigis says, "A person attae edth the foreign office left Paris on Thu rs d ay for Vienak charged to remit to M. d e Metternich a pl an of ment for then ffairs of Switzerl an d, Recording to t eat , 4 already agreed on." Accounts from Berne on the 20th, the day on vii c k fresh disturbances were expected, inform u s t h rt tranquillity continued to prevail. A change in the Cabinet is now openly spoken e t ; in fact, it is understood that M. Lacare-Laplagne 1,01 retire fmm the Hotel de Finance, and be succeeded/7 M. Palmy. This will be a move i n the Liberal din e . e tion, the latter member holding a place more to* I left than the present minister. .Nleanwhil e , t h e yenta went of the Duke of Dalmatia and the secessi on d I o:The combination mentioned in our correspond * , rgan.S43atuizsuroda°: yth,ththeaseLepreportreidereybyg,ardwtillheedta:seitniPowl:ceaemililauiedormeaciteet quarters as quite out of the question. Louis Philipp, whatever be his sentiments, could not sacrifice u t K barefaced and unserapulous a way the instrument be has used for his family aggrandisement. Despatches and journals of the 18th h ave wind from Madrid. The report current of a ministerial crisis was con. tradicted in El Impareirtl, quoted by the Hen,* which, however, expresses no assurance of its own cc the subject. Up the 18th no further intelligence big been received from Portugal. The amnesty bad b en published on the 17th, and was in conformity lid what we announced in our correspondence of ye / . terda A Liter from Port St. Mary, of the 13th, announce' that the English squadron, which had been yea ad that port, had disappeared. A splendid 411 been given at the Palace on the evening of cl e 18th, .to which all the political, social, and ht. rary notabilities, and all distinguished foreign. era were invited, among whom were the Coo* Thomar (Cantu Cabal), General Florez, Count Bre. i son, Mr. Bulwer, and Alexander Dumas. The Duke d'Aunude and Montpenaier danced during the ern. ing with the -daughter of the Infant lion Francine de Paula. Gonzalez Bravo, who was to have left the 17th is Lisbon, as well as Count de Thomar, had postponed their ipartime. The th Madrid man of the 19th had not arrived et Paris up to the afternoon of Saturday ; that of the 18th only arrived on Saturday morning. The 18th being Sunday, the Bourse was closed. PARIS, Oct. a • You have made known to your readers the proint of the indirect tales in France during the first nine sods of the year 1646. It amounts to 601 millicne of from; which gives for the whole year about 800,000,000 hunt ' 32,000,0001. sterling. This is the most brilliant rank wild the public , sivenue has yet attained in France. Theirs. of the revenue is not always the same. Its mean income a calculated at 18,000,000 •francs ayi at. This year it lull is rather less, different causes concurring in checking the be. palse which the revenue has received for the Int urn years. You will, without doubt, feel some interest in as milling what are the elements of progress, and what ode indirect taxes are the contributions whose produce has fir off. The principal increase is in tobacco, which augments d the rate of 4or 6 per cent. per annum, while the greed increase is scarcely 21 per cent. The passion fur robs becomes snore general every day ; no one is ever row in the streets without a cigar or a pipe in his nor, Was the Dutch or the Germans. The produce of the is on letters and on liquors continues also to advance, idle indicate, more than any other taxes, the increase of cm eueoption and of comfort. The produce of the caches end of the registry * nearly stationary ; but that of salt dad. ✓aw in a very neticeable proportion. In 1846 this tubs retained three millions, or ten per cent. Ices than in ltd. 1 4LI not beiltwve sties the consumption of eels t..liwinisheil w France; bat I am of opinion that the smuggling of an are which se taxed at three times its value has every day gran susses. When salt is prodiseed naturally without en I merely by the evaporation of sea water on our coasts, i likely that the people will be content to pay a duty of thin penes per kilogramme ? The duty on salt is almost mall that on sugar ; the provision of the poor is taxed aryl heavily r the luxury of the rich ; consequently, an It excites more complaints, or is more difficult to retail. h the rum of last session the Chamber of 1/erstis voted the reduction of the duty on salt to one dime pet kilogramme. The government were compelled to seer Se dinunildied duty for the budget of 1848. It will mama* duetion in the revenue of from 20 to 26 millions diens; mad aa the budget is not equally bekneed, as the pees meat, in spite of its increased resources, spends every yur much more than it receives, it becomes almost impoesiblele suppreep the whole or a part even of the tax on salt, within its tending to a general rentodifiestion of the entire suns Of duties. • You must observe also Mat the elective dusty solicits the reduction of the tax on letters almost as amid, as that on sak. The former amounts, for a single Inn, scooeding to the distance, from 16 centimes (14d.) to 1 be. 10 Orilthailk (1ld.). It is sought se replace this char In n ti uniform tax of 20 or 26 centime. Supposing that this a Nicola. doubled the number of letters sent, the reveals weak' remain the mune ; but this increase would certainly , net take place at once, and during the first few years we mustlook for a deficiency. Government expends annually ifoll R 25 to 30,000,000 beyond the receipts of the treasury. Add ts this 20,000,000 defirit for saltrind 10,000,000 for the Preece, P and the inferiority of the revenue to the necessary dearth upon it, will be not less than fifty or sixty millions of far How is such a sum to be procured for the revenue or with drawn from the expenses ? You know that the converse b of the five per mac, so earnestly demanded by the mostly, 1 „ but opposed only by the king, would produce an immediate economy of fifteen million francs, and fifteen more at as end of ten years. There would still remelt' the RUM of Wiry b millions. This might easily be procured by taking of pro. hibitions, or reducing the prohibitive duties which sled foreign goods in a word, by rendering the customs rtie ; produclave. The ministry feel this necessity, but they ban u not the courage to make themselves the instruments for no b eying it into effect; they must be impelled to it by circa& si stances. I have stated to you the plan which the Minister Of Commerce is preparing. I should add to it that free trade im would have greater and more immediate prospects of such but for the coolness that has arisen in the relations of Frain b and England. This is the mood time that politico lure a as terfered to thwart the efforts of the friends of liberty, u• es 1846 will reproduce the unfortunate results of 1840. 0. . FRANCE.—THE STORM n HAVRE.— The Joni: du Havre of Thursday says :—" The gales which, from the 611 of the barometer, wo have been expecting for several Waff. came on last night with extreme violence, accompanied by hail and rain, and in the morning crowds were assembled* the jetty to view the raging sea. The north-went jetty 0 1, fered the most ; the stockade on the beach which protects advanced battery is almost entirely beaten down, the broken or washed up being carried by the waits as hi& of the shore as the Place de Provence. The parapet or 6 ' battery itself is shaken, and every reflux undermines Wins The effeeta of the storm have been felt even in our dodo The barge L'lndustrie, heavily laden with marble and bows for Rouen, was driven against the three-mast vessel the Anna. T he barge in the morning was found to have spew nanhadywing as a leak, and had eight inches water in her hold. The Mew Lamoriciere, which came in with the last tide, f. ; reswth° t H o sv h an er n m ah oorgs, after ' got foul, r the stairs at the bridge. In every direction the see lees' traces of its fury, but the extent of the dump) cannot le be ascertained. Not one of our packets has ventured te leave the port. w al i m th os gre" t en.i d re iffi ly c ca ui rri tY cam el gl e DOUBLE MURDER.—At Valenciennes, in the era , ing of the 20th inst., the inhabitants were alarmed 4. double report of fire-arms, and on going out to leers we cause they found M. Cossiaux, a baker, in a state of distrac tion, pointing to the parlour behind his shop. On entering. the neighbours found Madame Coesiaux and their journey. man, Louis Boquet, lying on the floor, each of the ir hie h dreadfully wounded. Madame Cossiaux was quite dead. 10 Boquet expired a few minutes afterwards. The SC'et given by M. Cossiaux was, that being at a public-house, man came in, and after drinking a glass together they w es t home to supper. Cambia: went down into the cellar w draw some beer, and when he returned to the room „ e found the horrid spectacle. The only conjecture that haws yet been formed of the cause of this catastrophe is, that Mt?' Coesiaux, who kept the accounts of the business, had covered that Boquet, who was of very irregular habit., been guilty of some peculation, and threatened to inform DI master, and in revenge the villain killed his mistrerssa then destroyed himse:f to prevent his public exposure em` punishment. hate The Siick says : "The Royal Library has purc iate st from a dealer in autographs all the papers of the Hudson Lowe. Amongst them are his official COrreSpol4 ?!: 1 with the British Government . the letters of the Egon admirals on the station of St. Helena , the correspontler e ! the representatives of the allied powers, & e. The having been unable to find a purchaser among the r wealthy personages of either France or England. has been obliged f