The Express. — London, England, 1859-08-27 00:00:00

HAINOICIUIIB--NEW MODEL— lama sod Oa. M. lasuborest. Orbs exprsoo* TO CORRIMPONMINTS. My oribiessein Itionded for "The is Leeks weig( Payer, Jaw be et the Othee, 10, by Tye cICWI ea tie ley cd pablialtem SA AAAAA Mr CM Wanes. TEN 001T/DITID OLDOTJON. awl C. Nram•—liA3ll AND nom Kr. L W•beat a w l Ms. C. lilaKcitc—Aad NALLoilm. Tor Ivismo,_lllll SWAN?. Mr. w Mis. C. Musa.— 11.4 MIMIUMMLI Negri Dana/L—Oimmes at T. Ti. Vim% Till WA /OWI/I.—JACI JAOEI BAOTOU. liar. fi. Weed W. Oiaditi—A6l TUE STRI N 0 Or PURLS W. N. 11.211.10 •ION NAVAS AT LONDON INIDGIL ras. pet.aseilims. ar. Us— --Aliners. 114. = Twiteaire.Mualm IL Vis........—Aamaisk IL LONDON. WUNDAY. AUGUST 27. E French army is 'readably a 'abject of deep interest in this emote, ; keit" numbers, equipment', and mobilisation are as much the pulse of the govern ment, as the funds are said to be the pulse of the nation. Who its active force is reduced, as when • Beet just before i• etneraission is laid up in ordinary, pesoefel men are happy, and professional alarmist' are involuntarily disappointed. A large reduction was naturally expected as among the first- fruits of Villa:nem Such a result was bruited about by the semi-official journals of the Empire, sad the 21fuwileur has since announced the scheme of the French Government in teems ism vague and iadistinet. Rut a moment's analysis materially depreciates the value of this portentous guarantee far the peace of Europe. For, after all, what does it amount to? It consists of three prin cipal provisions. Filet, the whole clam of 1832, who were called into service at the end of that year, an to be disembodied on the 20th of September next. We class totwiste nominally of 80,000 men, for the Government may consent» that number an nually but the exhaustive infiernee of the RUIII4IIIII and kastrian wan has probably reduced it to Ism than 60,000. The whole of this body would however, in the ordinary course, claim their dir charge at the 31st of December, when the new con scription of 1839-60 would be brought fully into the WIMP ; and this boasted redaction of 60,000 men at the most is only a reduction for a hundred days. lbe second proviaion consists in the grant of six months' furloughs from the same 20th of September, in a ratio which is not yet specified. Now we are not going to acme the French Government of any definite belligerent designs; bat it is Wear that, let them be what they may, ne fresh hostilities mould well be undertaken until Best Mirth, and that by that time not only would the class of 18.52 be replaced by that of 1839, but the mea on furlough of the later elegise would have re turned to the ranks ; while the government, though continuing no doubt to pay them their small allow noose, would economically send them to live on their friends or their wits, instead of on the Imperial Com militarist. The third and lastprovision of theilforiferr allows the retirement of those who can prove, ac cording to our idiom, " argent private belissus," or who an absolutely no:meaty to their respective families. Bat es their respective families have hitherto contrived to dispense with their presence, we min hardly be very sawing of the number who mai be &hie, as well es willing, to prove their claim. There can be no doubt that, although Republican economy, after 1848, never interfered with the posi tion of France as a great military Power, the forces of the Empire have greatly exceeded those of the Republic. From a public document before us, we see that the French army in 1853 consisted of 373,000 men, and that of these only 44,000 had served for seven years. Since that period there have been two destructive wars ; but whenever there have been hostilities there have also been extraordinary levies. On this account it is difficult to compute the ordinary extent of the French army with exactness. If its annual conscription of 80,000 were never exceeded, its normal number, barring casualties, would be of course 560,1000. But in war the number of cos scripts has been nearly doubled; and the iocentives offered by Government to re-enlistment are probably in effect a setoff against casualties during peace lust as extraordinary conscriptions may nearly can, cel casualties in war. On this basis it is impartible to compute the French army at Ws than 500,000 men. Algeria meanwhile absorbs 80,000, and after providing garrisons for the few distaet colonies of the Empire, we must still estimate the standing army in France herself at fully 400,000, At this rate, although the forces employed in Algeria bad undergone considerable increase before the late war,we most reckon the increase in the ordinary num bers of the French army at more than 100,000 men since the commencement of the Empire. The only two presumptions that we have heard advanced against such a computation can hardly be said to assail it. It is alleged that the French army, according to official documents, costs very little more than our own, which according to this computation is not one-third of its number; and that the Govern ment, if it possessed such immense forces when war broke out, would have at least 150,000 men at its disposal without demanding extraordinary cormerip tiooe. Bat the fact is, that, whileevery one acknow ledges the abuses prevalent in the Eng:ish army, the French returns of expenditure are incomplete; for though the total is always neatly rounded off in imperial documents at a few million francs less than the revenue, there is nevertheless a regular end mye tenons addition, in the next schedule, to the intermit on the national debt. And the extraordinary C3 , H scriptions have been instituted merely for reserve, for the French had, io the late campaign, twice de hated the Austrian,. before any fresh conscription eou.d take effect. We believe that at no period since the Russian war has France posses .4 ltee than 120p00 men disposable for foreign service. Yet French authori:tes would have as believe that this great military array is a mere "fleabite! is Mr. 10,e tete, language, and invoke, a amp of Daly one-f.fth of the ordinary revenue of Praha& While Austria 1/ incontestably being ruined by an army no larger in proportion totter population—while . . Prussia is wilfully oppressed by the same military overgrowth—and Ramis is incapable agent efforts beyond her frontier., the oth a 1 documents of tin French empire represent the 'military expenditure's never exceeding 337,000,000 f., or 12,440,000/, dmt► log peace. Uwe reckon the French army at woo°. tam is at the rate of 254 per man, usfaatry, cavalry and artillery—pay, provisions, accoutrements hones, ceases, and magsxlnes incladed. Is this passible is a country is which a franc ma hardly be said to go mach farther than a shilling is Englaed P If each a statement were credible, what meteorite' instititiees wild stand against the pommel From* did she only resolatisaime the ►pplicatioe of her 'e yesore in the interims et the arsay ? Take the ►edge► of 144 a. The groom revenue is there compared et 1,:it9.000.000 hues; the interest es the matiamg debt involves a charge of 610;100,000 hamlet end there remain therefore just 1,200,000,000 fresco for current expenses. The set menu cannot be pre cimely stated; for the charge of collection is mixed with that of civil government ; and to a state so centralised as Francs, the difference between the "net" and the "gross" must be comparatively slight. Assuming the expense of collection to be as much as 200,000,000 francs, there remains a thousand millions of francs or 40,000,0001. sterling, for the net revenue. Of this, as we have seen, only one - third is charged for the army, while the cost of the navy is estimated at lees than 5,000,000!. Of what becomes of the vast remainder there is no satisfactory amount ; and we are left to the illusory hypothesis that, after de- I fraying the expenses of civil government, it is con sumed in beneficent works of mural and material progress. Surely 33 astute a ruler as Lout , NA. POLION. if he could maintain his army for one-fifth of his total, and one-third of his disposable, revenue, would hardly maintain the pressor° of a taxation of ow 70,000,0001. a year. The recruiting of an army by conscription must nsesesarily make military service in a certain degree unpopular, but three great advantages in the eyes of the common soldier, give the French army a superiority over oar own. In the first place, the republicanism of French society, by penetrating into the army, gives to every ' man the chance of becoming a marshal and duke of the empire; and at any rate to become an officer is no rare destiny. Then tie few colonial settlements of the French render the proportion liable to serve in foreign climates vary small ; and while fully two thirds of our own army is abroad, four-fifths of the French army remain at home. Again, like the Pru den, but unlike the Austrian troops, nearly every French soldier is of the same nation with his Government I even the Zouaves are chiefly French matirais midi (who are chosen to guard the Tuileries from a motive which may be well conceived); and there is none of the " Hannibalient e in Friaoo of sending Hungarians to keep down Italians, and Italians to keep down Hangariara. Nationality, promotion, and home service are thus three sustain ing moditions of the conscription. To these incen tives the EMPEROR has now added furloughs and diacharges in anticipation ; and he is no doubt quite at liberty to make the most of it to the army as well se to foreign governments. The first instinct of every despot mast necessarily be to keep his army in good humour in peace, and to lead them to glory in war ; nor does any man know how to do this better than LOLIS NAPOLEON. THE EXPRESS, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 18. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. Blaffit, AVM= 26. A great activity is to be seen mong the plenipo tentiaries, and there is a mutant arrival and de parture of couriers. M. de Courmont Laforoe has been recalled by telegraph. The health of Count Colloredo is completely rutted AUSTRIA. MIMI, Arourr 26. The Austrian frigate Novara hu arrived here, in company of the Austrian squadron, with the yacht of the Arehdeke Ferdinand Maximilian at the heed. She wee received with valuta fired from the fort. THE UNITED STATES. (DT 111111111 AND 11111 ximairrno rizzoluzz.) (7110111 001 OWN LIVERPOOL, Bkruzpia. The steamer Persia, from New York, 17th, has arrived, bringing 136 mangers and 378,000 dollars. The steamer City of Baltimore, hence, enived at New York on the 15th. Political and domestic news is quite unimportant. General Cashing bad deol'ned the offer of the mission to Central America, end the appointment had been conferred on Mr. A. Denbry. Havaanah letters mention renewed activity in the African slave trade. Three cargoes of slaves were said to be hourly expected at Cienfuegos. New York money ras , ket steady, and demand fair. Sterling exchange inactive. Billion London quoted 'lO9/ to 114 Stook market continues dull and drooping. Latest sales were Central shares, elf ; New York Central, 71; Erie shares, 6. Cotton quiet and lower for inferior qualities. Crop esooents cantinae very favourable, notwithstanding partial complaints of grain from Alabama and Georgia. Flour and wheat dull and again lower. Core woos and rather dearer. Pork dull and de clining. Beef steady. Lard firm. Freights very dull. NEW ORLEANS, 16r5...-Cotton quiet and Un changed. Irbe Court. 06BORNI, Aror sr 26. The Queen sad Prince Consort walked out jester ity urns. Viossest Pamereion sad Visemat Bydavy arrived as Alit to bar Ilajunty. The Greed 'Doke Catenates of Russia distil with be Manny in the events,. The Grand Duke wee attended by Y. Haurovntz, the Chantbeins Gob sine, Consel Clang, A.D.C., mad Captant Boyce, A.D.C. The deft party also seinied Prince Alfred mad Prices Alia, Prises and Prisons Laziness, Lady Conies Berrisges. Lady 8. L. Vieconnt Painereton, Vamoose* Opesty, air Charles Wed, mod Si, O. Cooper. This racentrig, it big the anniversary cif Me Prison Cossort's birthday, the bed of the Royal Marius played • releeks of ureic ma Ms Mmes. Ms C. Weed ha eimeastl to Loader. Dispirit/I woe revived at the Colonial-ogee yesterday hem the Goveraors et Math Cohnabia and Gikeshar. Despatches were sent to the Gonne:en et the North Land= Prorhuns sad the Goren:or of Mahe. THIS PRINcE Cossowes BlltTEDAT.—Yesterday Ming the anniversary of the birth of Ws Royal Sigh tless the Prince Consort flags was hoisted at several of the public buildings of the metropolis and its vicinity, end the bells of navy of the churches rang merry peals in honour of the ...melon. la the evening the shorts at the West-end were partially illuminated, ens of the most conapicuoue 'Replays bin a brilliant reMadag star, with the ladies P. A. fa jute or per, at Illtehell's Royal Meaty, 33, Old Hand-short. Upwards of twenty of hie royal blittiness'e tradesmen dined torte's. et Quertertnehte's Ship Hotel, Cireenei:h, Mr. Graves, of Pall. mall, occupying the chair, and Mr. H. Metros, of Regent em/it, bonder of the annual dinner, acting as rise-chaircean. Among the good t►ings on the table wu a liberal wart of venison front the Prises Come. Tin CRYSTAL PALACE.—The Gaud Deka Cab alist.* of Earls sad mitt raid a visit W the Crystal Pala yestenlay (Friday). His Imperial Myriam was as coasysaisl our the bap building by Mr. Gran o the secre tary, w►e pointed sat Its principal features. The Allmon was sot 1., is for the observation of Ur grenade, bat, lbw W lasprial Slobs had partaken of lasabssa la the saloon the trestitsr brightened, and the outside attraction, wars sem. The Grand Doke exl :tend himself htsbly pa tad with his visa. His Hord Highness the Duke of Cambridge has hit Dover foe Germsay. His royal highness is scoone , pealed by Colonel Clifton. His Excellency the American Minister and family have left town for Urightoo, where they have take: • home for a math. The Duke of Somerset and the Lords of the Admiralty, accompanied by Lord Clarence Paget, returned to tows lam miming from an rtlicial visit of Inspection at Chatham and Sheerness. The Countess of Eglinton pee birth to a daughter on Wednesday last, at Lauriatos Cast* hear Edinburgh. The Counties (Dowager) Spencer and Lady Satet Spcacee hare jolted the Marquis sad Marchiosais et guar, Dowager Lady Clkatow, and family party, at Hamburg. Lard Itatensworth and the Mime Liddell have mite! at Warta Bout, near Ahmritk, from Ramo worth Gels. Darltsm. Oa Wadnesday last Lord and Lady Wenlock received eke* 230 of the nobility and gentry of the county sad city of York to a tm►gnidtent entertainment, In the beautiful park cad pleuare-grounels at Eaorkk. At 4 o'clock the Bonk lord and his excellt►t lady eonneencei the mop. Hon of their diettagnished gnaws, to w►om they were " at home" until eleven. Ws (Bristol Mercury) regret to state that in con sequence of the hopeless mete of yerelysi. to which the Right awe. Bialtop Corr to now reduced he bee reaigned the rectory of loft, held by bin f.rr the lest eve yew's. The tieing, Mike le • veliesble me, but liva been rvelteed by the ...- rums from it of the vicarages of Lynoombe end Wedooniter, Is la the gilt of the trustees of the Rev. C. Simeon. The Chancellor of the Ixetnquer acknowledge, the retelpt of three I:. Bosh of England notes from N. N.," bag nor, than rho rola* of some public stores "mainly hnaleoyed to natant an accidental oversight." It Is now arraoged that tweire cricket player', selected half aad half from each of the "elevens;' roe to mom the htloatic to moot the tweniy-twoe of the New World. Twelve are mr, In case rf wickets, sad G. Parr, Jacks. e, Direr, Julie, C.rwr, Hsi ward. Deft, Wieden, Ldlyetute, Cady', Lwkyer, Grandy, and It. Carpenter are the Wonted 0601. They 0/10osgegied et a harp* stun to play *or mambo% sad sad from Liverpool on the 7th of Septem ber. The Eng'telareen o the United Setts sod Canada lam anberibarl about 1,400!. is all towsee this meet, lebleh bee boss of for two cr three yaw, . The Pries 'spinal, who contijnes to enjoy 'l anais saint," eqs a latter from Biarritz. " rides oat on the beech na a Hills posy gives him by the quell of En ke/ Me is always ',stetted with pelt Interest by the ummeses passer wise allays asesmbie son the epos." M. Mourasieff, the Russian minister of agriculture sad ewe/arm hes saris, I at Brussels. I Prism ISl;sastrins Maks ha•arri wad in Paris. __ Liszt. d• Mi l t do Grascey, of the French sash orderly oltor to VA-A4l,:tal Riponlt de Gonadily, 1 assusailles is Cambia Class las naiad is Paris with daaparbas fat the Emperor r*Lstive to tie propositions of posts onto by tas sttantra of that marry. EXPRESS FROM PARIS. (WNON OCR OWN PARIS, FRIDAY ETENINO. Close upon the addressee of the Councils• General to the Emperor follow the speeches of the presidents That of M. de Money, president of the Puy-dr. a:me, has a speciality of interest for English readers which induces me to give it you in its entirety. It runs as follows : Gentlenen,—Each session of the Council-General opens tinder different auspices. Upon every fresh occasion I seek to learn your wants, your hopes, your disquietude.s, In order that I may speak to you of theta as • friend in whose word yea bar* al snip. placed °anti:lance. - You have shared the anthusleam excited by oar victoria, you have shared the universal gratitude of Francs for the great moderation of the Emperor; but at the some time you ma with difficulty explain to yourselves how this manifest desire to avoid a European cattier ation sbo.Y , In England, have inspired the newspaper articles, the parliamentary speeches, and the erusamenta which have hem the mw gnome of it. You we of course aware of the reasoniog by which the laglimb explaht their apprehensions. First they my, " Cor relate fret, the French pram is not, therefore iaer 4 e heire sot the sem character coming froin one as coming from the other." Error the first. Tlvre are in France no means of pre venting a newspaper from publishing what it likes. The se/y min which the government has against the press is that of warnings with alleged meter, sad suspension, which are repreinive .ceases. The English add: The Emperor cheetehes in the depthl of h Meta duke to avenge Waterloo and AL Helene; he only istnelsdad pm* with the Emperor of Reeds to make an ally of him—he only acted to gensrordy towards the Emperor of Austria in order to make a friend of b'm ; and with the aid of this two-fold alliance, he calculates upon attacking Remised." I think my opinion upon this matter is a for words will be neither oat of piece nor inopportune. We live In times wherein the hatred of castes and families haa given way before the softening of of our manners; much mom, then, have nation■l hatreds and prejudices been etched by civilisation. New generations have some thing else to do binidee avenging the peat ; they are too ealightseed to have any motive beyond the interim's of the present and the (attire. The Emperor end the present generation of Frenchmen are not of there of whom it may be said " they have latest nothing, and forgotten nothing." With repel to this generous conduct towards the two Emperor., it appeal. to me that to attribute it to the 'peon laths ends abovementioned is to reduce the settlement of the pest interest@ of Europe to tics proportions of as unworthy theatrical intrigue, and to debase the most elevated anti manta which God has placed in the heart of a sovereign for the benefit of humanity. Nobody can estimate so well as myealf the loyal faith of the Emperor, and hie pacific inten tions; foe when he did me the honour to send me to Ruda to renew relations between the two empires, the part of my instrectime which predomineed over all others was thi►—to let no blow be aimed against the English alli ance; and far from seeking to divide the great powers, to point out, on the contrary, that if they had the good same to be united, and to have a mutual good nederstantlint, all the petty difficulties which arise in Europe ma always be peace fully rewilved. Xrd I sec all the events which preceded the wee with Austria to prove that while the Emperor Napoleon desired to deliver Italy, end to clear the frontier of France front the Austrian pressure, he would rather have obtained this object by a con gress than bye war P The condition and the situation of our army at the moment of the oftentimes of Austria sufficiently prove it. And if the English statesmen who now think enough has not been done for Italy, had expressed the fame sympathise before the war, ft is probable that the affairs of Italy would have been settled by diplomacy. I repeat that, after all the Emperor has said and done, to suspect him of darkly preparing, without any motive beyond ancient grudges, an interpret which would completely over throw all the greatest interests of the world, and inflict the most f►W blow upon civilisatien, is to doubt his word and his heart as a sovereign lard a man. Nor do you bellies it. Alas, gentlemen, perhaps In England also, those who die radiate these alarm. no more believe them than you ter I do: But by exciting national susceptibilities—by tottering popular lesti•c's—oewepe;rre may gain publicity end political orators popularity, Nevertheless a great wrong is done, for the two countries are set one against the other; vague inapt rim is excited; mad the coast Teener* may be that one day some trilling incident—some mismiders.anding which might eerily be arranged sheathe relations were sitiafectery—may become a redone complication where there exists a condition of mutual susceptibility. But I doubt not time and the determination of the Em peror to urge France forward in the occupations and labour of pare will get the better of these chimerical alarms. This, gentleman, Is the sort of war we must wage with England, let tis resolutely finish all our means of transport and of circulation; let us bring them into com munication wit► our coal pis; let no lower the prices of all our raw materiel, and ail our manufactured goods; let us imitate the English people in that respect wherein we are wanting; let us peek otrength in the spirit of essociation, Instead of always having recourse to the support and us:stars of the government ; let us learn how to make use of mita ; let us endeavour t e conquer and to keep, by the rodent UM we make of them, those liberties which make man the absoluti master of his own property, and which have net limits but the evil he may do t o other.. Tfe, let us wage with England an industrial and a com sctrcial war; let us engage with her in a struggle of pro gress and dviliestion, loyal, avowable, and profitable to all. Thin I. the wish of the Emperor; let as sewed hi. efforts; already the airesty is a week el pacification whkh Is the prelude to tke system on which we am about to enter. Let um bops It will be thus unleratrd by all the world, ch.kfiyl3 by those who are its objects. So much for the speech of the President of the Poy-de-Duce, which, considering who is the speaker, cannot fail to carry with It lunch et the importance af an imperial manllbsto. Without seeking to combat the weak points at the opening, it mast be admitted by the nicest caviller that the general tone and spirit is conciliatory to England, and pacific to Europe. Viewed as one of those means of publicity to which the Emperor habitually land systematically has recourse, it cannot fail to be respired in England with satiafaction. Contrary to what might naturally be expected, I do not find that among commercial men M. de Morny's speech at tracts much attention. They give no particular rea son why it should not have produced a good effect upon the public mind ; but they say it has failed to produce such effect. Possibly the public here ev some what "need up" with regard to manifesto speeches and addressee. Possibly the heat (which has here returned with intense farce) deprives the few bad flees men who remain of the reactionary force by nature given and provided under ordinary condi tions of being. The Press. admits that the speech in question " has an incontestible importance." The Bonne movements confirm the opinions expressed in private quarters on the subject. Prices opened lower than yesterday, never improved, and left off with a fall in Renter of 35c. for cash and 16c. for the account, the concluding price being 68fr. 86c. cash and 69f•. 60. account. It ought to be observed that the Bourse to-day has been an absolute desert. Apart from the brokers' clerks and the functionaries, not two hundred persons were present. Credit Mobilisr was 822 fr. 50c. to 825 fr. ITALY. TUSCANY.-VOTE OF ANNEXATION TO PIEDMONT. FLORBNCE, almost 21. Yesterday Florence was sole witness of a grand public act indicative of that tree and univer sal feeling of the country which ea many have ques tioned, not a few denied. On the 18th August the representatives of Tuscany met in the old Hall of the Cinquecento, and there, without one dissentient voice, proclaimed the dynasty of the House of Lor raine incompatible with the true interests rod happi ness of Tuscany. It was on this occasion that the Marchese Maori proposed the annexation of the Grand Duchy to the kingdom of Sardiaia, and it was to vote upon this motion that the Assembly was yesterday convoked. At one o'clock precisely the chair wee taken by the president, Signor Coppi, and shortly after the Professor Giorgini prooeeded to read the report of the sections on the motion of the Marchese Manzi. After showing that the exclusion of the Macro- Lorraine dynasty from the throne of Tuscany, and the union of Tuscany with as many Italian states as possible under the sceptre of Victor Emmanuel, were two inseparable consequences of one premise, he proceeded— There was at the present moment one universal belief prevaling in Tuscany, viz., that the aggregation of the smaller states under the sceptre of Savoy was the political form most adapted to the demands of nationality. This was the new order of things, courted by all minds, the objec.: of all wishes, the only end which could finally bring about the quiet and repose of Italy. How this idea of a great monarchy under the sceptre of Savoy had sprang up and become of late years identified with and inseparable from the senti ment of nationality was known to all. He would only remind them that the idea of Italian Confede ration, so prevalent in '49, would be universally re jaded were It now brought forward—a fact very remarkable, but notorious to all who had observed and meditated on the events of the last tan years. This change was doubtless brought about by the ex perience of '4B, when the idea of a confedera tion, though enthusiastically received by the people and openly professed by Italian princes, was found incapable of adapting itself or giving a form to the national movement. Norcould this idea be reproduced under better auspices, since the mutual distrust and aversion of the princes who would be there brought together had led to a positive incompatibility, the more an that the peace allowed the Austrian domina tion in Italy to continue, and held out no hopes of seeing corrected the abuses of the clerical govern ment and the theocratic regime of the Papal States. The princes of the Housetof Lorraine, moreover, had avowed an anti-national policy, and rejected the love of people who now refuse to permit their return under any possible contingency. Then, too, the pious and noble example of Charles Albert, the warrior and martyr of . independence, who expired on the Douro dreaming of Italy ; the ten years of the new reign ; and, lastly, the figure of the king exulting in the dangers he so generously en countered on the fields of Palestro and S. Martino, had so worked upon the hearts end imagination of the people, had won for the prinoes of Savoy so en tire a confidence, that the idea of a confederation, in itself too complex and at the same time too abstract and refined an idea ever to be truly popular, had day by day become less prominent in the opinion of Tuscany, while the name of Victor Emmanuel was bound up in the minds of all with that of Italy. After • digression to show that this tie between Italy and the House of Savoy was no new bond, but the inevitable conclusion of three centuries of Italian history, he continued—The commission which had sat on this motion cams before them as interpreters of the prevailing sentiment of Tuscany, not conceiving themselves called upon to examine if, or when, in the present condition of Europe, the de- *sof the country would be listened to. They were there united to depose to present facts, not to events taunt and uncertain ; to tell what Tuscany wished i and what they themselves most unquestionably know ; not what Europe desired, which they neither did nor could know, and which possibly Europe did not know herself. No! They stood not there to divine sagaciously the wishes of others, but frankly and consistently to affirm their own. The vote which they proposed to declare bad in it nothing that could offend Europe, either in substance or in form : in substance, since their object was solely the vindication of their own sacred and incontestable rights, not the usurpation of those of another; in form, since their earnest soli citation—being, in fact, nought but the expression of a desire—recognised and respected that supreme arbitration whereby Europe would finally decide upon their lot. This brought him to what be was most desirous of doing, and what the motion had already done—viz., to the recommendation of their cause to the wisdom and justice of Europe, to the liberal sentiments of the government and people of England, and in an especial manner to the Emperor Napoleon HI., than whom Italy never had • more powerful or generous protector. His sword was sheathed, not broken ; nor was it possible to say the advantage his patronage might be to them in the cannons of Europe. Nay, even if the justice of men failed them, and their votes were unable to obtain the immediate effects they proposed, their deliberation would re , main a great national act, and afford an additional reason for not despairing of Italy, being a solemn manifestation of that sentiment whereby the Italians after ages of mutual ignorance and bloodshed recog inised each 'other as brethren ; of that sentiment which was blood, life, and new youth infused into Italy, and cast by the hand of God as a germ for a new structure, atter ages and ages of ruin. After a few words from the Avvocato lelaseei, in I which he reminded the Assembly of the importance of an unanimity of opinion, and instituted aeompari son between the condition of Tuscany at the present moment and that of England in 1689, and France in 1830 and 1848, it was proposed and carried that I the secret vote by ballot should be adopted. An I hoar passed by before the representatives had depo , sited their votes in the urns. When the last name —the well-known one of Zanetti—had been called, the President rose from his chair, and after • momentary examination proaouneed that the motion had been unanimously carried. Oce hundred and sixty-three delegates were present; one hundred and sixty-three black balls aneounced the unanimity of their opinions. The applause and enthusiastic cheers which ensued were checked in a few minutes, and the white and black balls counted and verified. The President they proposed a vote of con fidence in the government, and the Assembly wee twarogned. The moment the President quitted his chair, the joy and enthusiasm, so long restrained, burst forth in all its force. The signed was given by the Depu tise, who sprang from the benches, waving their hats, with loud cries of " Viva Phalle r "Lon g live the King !" In a moment the vest crowd who occupied the other end of the ball replied with a still louder shout that made the old roof ring, and then the numerous throng without gave back an answering cheer that was heard far along the Arno. As the news spread, the streets and squares, the oaf& and market plams broke out into acclamations, whilethebanner of Italy and the cross of Savoy were in ten minutes waving from every window and parapet in the city. The feelings of the crowd who thronged the old hall had been worked up to such a pitch that as I passed through the dense mass I saw men sobbing in each other's arms, while others were giving way to every sign of extravagant joy. The fact was that although there never existed any doubt that the an nexation would par by a vast majority, the most fervent even among the deputies had never dared to hops that the expresaion of the voice of the country would be unanimous. It is an unquestionable fact that up to a late period the court of Turin discouraged the hopes of the national pirty in Tuscany on the subject of the annexation. It was also generally believed that the "private docu ments" referred to in the speech of Ricasoli at the opening of the chamber, and which he promised to lay before the sections, were neither more nor less than certain despatches in which the Sardinian go vernment had declared the impossibility of accepting the annexation, even if passed by the vote of the Amiably. It has been mainly owing to this feeling that the idea of a kingdom of Central Italy has gained ground so rapidly in every direction, but it is none the lees a fact that the tone of Sardinia has lately undergone an entire change, and that Tuscany now begins to believe that she will be allowed in some shape really to form part of a strong kingdom in Northern Italy. There is no doubt that this is the lot to which the coun try most earnestly aspires. The mission of Prince Joseph Poniatoweki—if it be true that he were the bearer of any mission at all—proves the immense importance that Austria attaches to a pied de terre in Central Italy, if its terms were, as lam informed by a person than whom few have better op portunities of knowing the truth, that great concessions were offered to Venice, if Tus cany would again receive the House of Lorraine. Riessoli is said to have replied that if Francis Joseph had the interests of his relative so much at heart the easiest way of arranging matters would be to proffer him the throne of Venice, for that Tuscany at least was unanimous in his rejection. Yesterday morning, before the opening of the Assembly, a despatch arrived here from Massimo d'Ateglio,who, after congratulating the country on the unanimity of her counsels, is said to have held out decided hopes that Tuscany would be allowed to form part of a constitutional kingdom under Victor Emmanuel. A belief exists very generally in Florence that the change in the tone of' the SArdinian cabinet may have been induced by advice from the cabinet of St. James's, nor are there wanting per sona who see in the mission of Count Reiset and Prince Poniatowski nothing but a desire on the part of the Emperor to shift the burden of responsibility from his own shoulders. Whatever be the turn of events, it is quite evident that with out the assistance of France or Austria the fugitive princes will again occupy their several thrones. The army of Central Italy now numbers upwards of 40,000, nor are the mesas of increasing it far beyond this number now wanting to the country. CENTRAL ITALY. The Corriere Mercantile, of the 23rd inst., aye : Letters from a reliable source enure se that our govern ment will reepond to the solemn end admirable wishes of Came Italy by its entire concurrence, admitting the prin ciple of the onion of Mote proviso* with the constitutioeal kingdom of Savoy. But, at the same time, It will make known that it does not consider itself able at present to arrive at the methods of execution end possession, became an Euro pean congress bring imminent to fix without doubt the defi nitive constitution of Italy, it will be desirable to await its results. Whoa giving the highest and most deserved praise to the attitude of these populations, it will exhort them to continue that order, and to govern themselves with the same w end will give them guarantem—ften, that our num i ser ° :I them In ell their needs, whether of internal administration or organisatioe, or military regulationa ; secondly, that they shall Do defended by our troops *gainer every attempt at in vasion or restoration, and against every disturbance of public tranquillity. Toe Opinion() of the 23rd states that a European Congress is necessary and urgent for the resolution of the Central Italian question, but that u the Con ference may last some time, and the Congress cannot sit till after the Contereece has closed, it would be expedient in the meanwhile to establish in Central Italy a regent in the name of Victor Emmanuel, and to take measures in the interest of order. SWITZERLAND. The Band concludes an article on the Swim regi ments at Naples with the following remark• : It tea real happier:vs for Switzerland to see the last trace of • wound that has endured for arm, her foreign terries disappear at length. The Swiss °Moan and soldiers left at Roam and Batavia belong to foreign legions, cmaisting of elements recruited In every countq, and not one of those ismstries„ any more than Switzerland, clue be toads specially responsible for their deeds. The acts of insubordination that bare marred within the last few weeks throw. In • military point of view, • sombre light en them last Swiss regiments, but military history will, se • set-off against title, pre,erre the remembrance of their great deeds in 180. However aid the came m►y be for which they fought, they maintained not the lees for that the old renown of Swiss gallantry. The days of Noples. Messina, and Catena Lear in this respect comparison with the Resat of which the of other stat,s have since had mum to be proud. Wit whet vigour, great in • very different way, should we not have seen there same regiments fight, if the Neapolitan policy had thought proper to dieplsy in .he late war the Italian limner, and prepare for their prowess • arc and lee•u. more tortnnate, wham, than the first, when three troop., Matted of gathering laurels wet with tears and the maledictions of an oppressed people, might ham shed their generous blood for a cause that would have secured the sympathies of the civilised world, and have founded the hag gisess of en intelligent nation ! MATERIAL AID FOR CENTRAL ITALY. TO THE !Paoli or TEL EXPIEOS. Sfit,—The letters which are appearing under this heading are of cheering omen to all who desire Italian freedom—to ail Englishmen in whom love of country means love of the traditions which should inspire the freest nation in the world—pardon me, Brother Jonathan-1n the Old World at at any rate. Now is the time to show how hearty is Eng. lish sympathy with the patriots of Central Italy. We are perhaps rather in the habit of limiting our sympathies in political movements to those who aim at our forms of freedom and in our sort of mode, forgetting that we, too, once fought in rather unconstitutional paths for our freedom. But in this cue there can be no such objections urged to the conduct of the tnen of Central Italy. Without bloodshed or disorder their thrones are vacated by the abdication of their princes. Will those who revere the memory of William the Deliverer deny the right of Tuscany and the Duchies to declare that their Jameses should not be forced back upon them ? Will civilised Europe endure to see Austria pouring in her armies to assert again her predominance over lands not even held under the broken treaties of I 81.5? Surely, never ! Now is the time for Eng:and to speak. If diplo macy fears or hesitates, that need not stop the ex pression of English sympathy—the rendering of English aid. •• T. D. I'. H." will give 501. ; so will I. Sir, I will make one of a hundred men to give 1001. each, just to mike a beginning. Where are our yachting men ? Would they not like a trip to the coasts of lair Tuscany, and an interview with Garibaldi on delivering to his trusty hands their previous freight of rti-e ? Or, should a committee charter a vessel for themselves, and WOlk, her hard in her glorious trade? I throw these things out for others' consideration. lam ready, however, to aid in every way.—l em, V. A. T. City, August 26. INDIA AND CHINA. THE CALCUTTA MAIL By the arrival of the overland mail we have received letters and papers from Calcutta of July 16, and from Hong Kong ,of July 5. The following is from the summary of the Overland Phccnir ; The Intelligente of the fortnight Is that the country con tinues quiet; that close on 8,000 European soldiers of the late Rut ludia Company either have token their discharges or are e. to apply for then under the orders recently Joined ,• that a sow taxation act, the Stamp Duties Bill , has been laid being the Legislative Council, mush to the satisfaction of all parties; that the 28th inst. has beep fixed upon se a day of general theskagiving; and that, se • consequence of the state of things the later Is significant of, the King of Code and all the state primers he Poet William have been released. We hear nothing of the Code rebels, but that they are in great dis tr ess from slobathe beyond the frontier. They will probably try and steel Into the British territory in =all pas ties, the native police officials to allow then to re main concealed until their misdeeds have been in a measure forgotten. The exodus of the European soldiers of the late East India Company is what was to be expected. The men were in justice entitled to their discharges, sad this once conceded, they were too anxious to revisit England, and for change from the monotony of barrack life, not to avail themselves of the concession made them. None in this country are to blame for what has occurred, which has really been an inevitable consequence of the Transfer Act, and must have been fore seen by the framers of that act. What has taken piece, however, shows that men do not remain In the seems through li the tame option which has been ac :ceded to the men of the Indian colic, were now to he offered to those of the regiments of the rine, the resat would be the eame-75 per cent. of the men would go. The mutiny at Berhanipore is at an end. A very bitter feeling mean to exist at Berhanepore with Fboth to theremoval of Mejor Maitland, and the up luen t of Colonel Mackenzie. It is said that Major Oland wea removed without inquiry, and that Colonel K. Mackenzie, al a Queen's airier, is legally unable to com mend an Indian regiment. We cannot altogether coincide with either complaint. We know nothing of Major Malt lend, who may be the most competent officer in the empire. It Wi c o h wever, just that the commanding officer of a regiment dleobeys should be removed. His business is to prevent that sort of thing, and if from circumstances, or character, or the virshece of the men, he cannot do It, he must accept his mistatnne, as other moo accept fathoms In life not embed by their own errors. TM appotheineet of Colonel K. Mackenzie te a dif ferent question. It is jut, provided an lodise wind con command a Queen's regiment, and not otherwise. It is, however, we imagine, an exceptional appointment, made for a limited time, in consideration of Colonel litekenzie's repute for determination and habit of control. The ill•feeling pro duced is a strops evidence of the impolicy of maintaining • system under which her Majesty's *oldies can conceive themselves Injured by obedience to her lidejesty'. o ffi cer. The a ff air is, we hope, over. Tile government is by this time convinced that the FOOS& order, wise or otherwise, has coat us an army, and the next move must ho from England. The reecho of the first affair at Meerut ooght to reach us with the mall of 24th June. The following exeunt of the release of the King of Owlet is from the daily Amain of the I Ith instant : •"nui proclamation of the restorstioe of peace and tran quillity throughout her Majesty's dominions in India has been signalised by the release of the en-King of Oude and the other stets pn.oaere so long confined in Fort William. " This took place on Saturday last, about half-past 4 p.m. We undetut ad that the memos bad been for some time previously resolved upon. " Ever since the King was placed in confinement, the Queen, or Khas Mahal me she is celled, has resided at Gar den Reach, and hie been untiring in her exertions to obtain his liberation, employing es her agents Mr. Newman*, of the Calcutta bar, and Mr. Goods], the attorney.' The following le the letter of the Viceroy, semouncing to the King bis liberation:— "To His Majesty the King of Oxide. Sir,—ln sours of the lettere which during the past two years I have had the hamar to receive from your Majesty, request has been made by your Majesty for your release from Fort William. It would have been very agreeable to me to comply with thin request long ago, but the condition of Hindosses, and espe cially of the province of Oode, has made it im possible. Your Majesty may not be fully aware of the use which has been mode of your name in fomenting die settotion and memo ; but you are perhaps informed of the fact that for men than fifteen months 0110 of the most active mends. of ea Ants kr bass the Beduin Sanest Mahal, arks armadas in bee ova person and in that of your Majesty's sou, Seigle Kadr, to repreemt your Majesty's hoar, has supported this prseeeufon by masons of the Witmer* hostility to the British government. Nevertheless, when by the advance of the Commander-in-Chlet's army, the Begun. and her partisans had been driven from the British territory, to booms fugitives in Newel, I caused it to be intimated to her that upon surrendering to the government, she would receive all the consideration which is due to her ma • woman and a member of • royal hen's. She ems told that political power she shouM never have, but that by prompt salmi/nice she would secure a generous treatment and en honourable position for the rest of her life. Unwisely, and influenced by evil adviecre, the Begum ben not availed herself of this off,r. I regret that it hat bees too ; not only for your Majesty'. sake, but also for the sake of many who have beta misted into following her hope less cause, and who, had she accepted the offer. might long en this have returned to their homes in peace and security. But the Segues end times about her are now powerless against the British government, and I am unwilling that your Ma jesty should suffer longer restraint on account of their imp,- tent enmity. Your Majaty Is free to leave Fort William whensoever it may please you to do to. All the members of your Majesty's suite are likewise tree to leave Fort William, but as regards eases of these penman certain conditions of their lib-ration will be communicated to them. I desire to acknowledge the courtesy which has marked your Majesty's oommunicarions to myself, and I have, Oct., (Signed) "CANNING. (TM COpyl temi. CHAS. MACLEOD, trar Foreign ." The secret of the intention to release the l it illa woe kept well. It was known to none hut the releasing offloria up to the eleventh hour. Had it by any chaste become known bef teased, the Bengali schemers would have wade sane thousands by the affair. Strides the en-Kier. a number of other state prisoners, also confined In Fort William, were released on Saturday. Among than were rim Nawah Alli Neely Khan, bete vizier of Oude; Tickent Res, formerly In the service of the Khan Mahal, and who wee captured by the adjutant of H.M. 63ed Regiment while driving furiously through Calcutta ce• night 1.1867. CHINA. arras the Overland CUJI4 Mail, of July 5.) The 14:edon mail of the 10th Nll4 arrived here on the 22nd ult. In our last overland summary it was mentioned that the latest news from Shangtiae represented the British, French, and American ministers as on the eve of their departure from that place for Peking, ria the Gulf of Pechelee. They left cn the 16th ult.; the Hon. Mr. Bruce in her Majesty's ship Magid. enne, with the Coromandel as teuder ; M. de Boar. bonlon in his Imperial Majesty's ship Du Chayla, with the steamer Norzagaray, and his Excellency Mr. Ward, the United States minister, in the Powbatan, with the chartered steamer Toes-wan. Admiral Hope left for the Gulf three days before, in the Chesapeake; and a large British force, consisting of 7 steam ship', 10 gunboats, and 2 troop and store ships were to rendezvous at Sha-lui-tieo, about fifty miles from the month of the Peiho. Every precaution had been taken to force, if necessary, ad mission to Peking. and the proper exchange of the ratified treaties. Between 600 and 600 of the Royal Marines, with 100 of the Royal Engineers, and a number of seamen, were to accompany the Hon. Mr. Bruce; while abundance of provisions ready for land package, with 200 of the Military Train Coolies, would render the expedition in great part inde pendent of the Chinese. These Coolies of the Mi litary Train are all Ilakkat, and were enrolled for service at the taking of Canton, where they served us most faithfully. and were known under the title of the "Bamtoo Rifles." From the attempt made by the Chinese imperial commissioners at Shanghai, it may be inferred that obstacles will be thrown in the way of admission to Peking ; but these have been overcome, and it is extremely unlikely that the Chinese will have re course to any overt acts of opposi•ion. It will be atter the ministers have obtetned admission to the capital that the greatest difficulties will be likely to arise. The obtainment of n personal interview with the Emperor, the dispensing with ceremo nies, which may place the foreign ministers in a false position, and, above all, the carrying out that stipulation of the treaty which provides for a resi dent British minister at Peking, will tax the ener gies and test the firmness of their Excellencies the Hon. Mr. Bruce and M. de Bourboulon. No core have yet come down of an advance up the Peiho, or even of the expedition having reached the Gulf of Pechelee ; but as ten days had elapsed from their de parture when the mail left Shanghai, it was pre gamed that they had been allowed to anted the Peiho without interruption. We areleft entirely toconjecture what may be the end of the diplomatic and military conflict which has been carried on with China for the last two years, which as yet has only resulted in but waiin nee procured a treaty that, if carried oat, must effect immense changes in the &tura of China, and in the position of Europe in Eastern Asia. __......_ .... From the ports there is almost no news of the 1