The Express. — London, England, 1849-11-08 00:00:00

• THE ,EXP: a HE GREAT RAILWAY GUY 1849." a ABHIONB Jr OLD BAILEY LADIES." ▪ IB L B SLAVERY." • CENEB from the LIFE (Ain UNPEOTECTID mum* • REOINTSTREET MELODRAMA." PIPS at ths ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS" mu se. us, kr llowaiber IS. Prlse IL ; 11110.14 M. Ilestainst alit reoo. OUTGOING MAIL& mob hr DMA No* Amnia 'Ed the Ilaited INN bs mob to , Mummer ev g, eria Nev. 9. The Nem ledia IM/kian Hamada, Havanna, Naremi, Heady* New Orionee • llMMos, mad iseleding thine ter Madeira, lit. anardelltiorendne. Nsw Cbili. and Pan. will be ado up en Nor. 17. TM mat was f r Lisbon, lipsia, and Gibraltar will be ands.r ea Nev. 17. TM master o:braltar, Malta, Orem, the Irides lolanda, igypt, Ceylon . India, sad Class, vie ibratbantptaii, wW Is mile op es Um swain of Nov. 20. The sails tie Mareriller, to dm Mediterranean, Egypt, Orybo, lad* liang-Hoeg. he, will be mode ap ea the frOMORS ',Nov. 24. The mans kw Madeira. he Brosilo. sad Bawls brio, will be made op ea Des. 4. WOK WATIIIII AT LONDLIPASIDO_L Two 11.1—airaim 11 . 41 • A•••••••••• . 16 97 Tworasw—ifining. 116 lam Alkurres. • t. Ns. LONDON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8. Tim town ei Brighton is so intimately concocted with this metropolis—it has become so neosseary to our health, to our recreation, and our pleasures—we meet to it so constantly when ill, when ensued, or unoccupied—we hear, on its pleasant cliffs, so regu larly the gossip of our club., the tittle-tattle of the paths, and the prime of the Stock Exchange, that we cannot be uninterested in its local affairs. It is the I most salubrious sad not the lesat ausesible of oar enbrubs: it is at ones our promenade, our ride, oar drive, our hotel, oar hospital, oar church; we cease, therefore, afford to have its peace disturbed with im punity. We may, indeed, wish that it were a more economical place; that the tariffs of the Bedford and the Albion were a trifle lower ; that our weekly bills were a ehmle more reasonable ; that we mould rids and drive, and live, and even bathe, at somewhat lees cost. But the wish is, perhaps, not quite consistent with that great law of political economy, supply and demand, which regulates prices; and, if we wilt suddenly swell the population from 40,000 to 60,000, our ex penses then must (mores the pity), proportionably rise. At all events, for the sake of its advantages, its comforts, its dinner-giving society, its well dressed parades, its flirting shingles, sad its pretty broughams, we endure its cost. But there our en durance stops ; there is a limit to our toleration ; it W 3 pay its prices, we expect Brighton to be par able, quiet, decorous, and well behaved; to conduct itself u becomes our dignity and its charges; to give itself up to enjoyment ; and not to tease us with its squabbles and its wrangles. Against all those who disturb our tranquillity and reran, we hurl the Anathema manual/ea; even though he be the Vicar of the pariah. And, alas! for Brighton and its visitors; it is none other than the vicar who disturbs the peace of the place. He is a perfect bishop in miniature, a Bnom- YIRLDin little. His income is large—larger by ore fourth than that of the Archbishop of Pens; his is great ; his bump of intolerance is well C tr Zp al e l d . , his practice of meddling is confirmed, and his habits of begging are inveterate. Occasion ally the Master of the Ceremonies may be before him with the new arrivals, but the odds are certainly in favour of a race between the Vicar and the Butcher, whilst the Baker calls after him in vain. He bas subscription lists and appeals to your pockets fur every imaginable ecclesiastical object. He'll acquire funds for and build you a new church, and let it too, quicker than any priest in the kingdom; and, some how or other, whilst io other places the bishops of the dioceses get the patronage of the 83 new places cf worship, u church after church arises at Brighton, its Vicar manages not merely to keep their ncumbenoies in his gift, but, as is believed, to aug ment his income whilst diminishing his pastoral du ties. The first step towards a better ecclesiastical state of things et Brighton would, of coarse, be to break up that great town into a series of parishes quoad sacra, and give them independent incumbents ; 5M that step is the last thing our Vicar would pro pose ; if taken, he would cease to be episcopal in in fluence and patronage, and become merely primes inter pares : he would cease to have any share in fees for church services pertormed out of his own church, and be obliged to fall back on his Easter offerings and tithe of fish ; he would be confined to his own district, and not allowed to regulate the af fairs eoolesiastical of 50,000 people. Well, this Vicar of Brighton la an active, bustling, meddlesome, and not very scrupulous ecclesiastic. By begging, and importunities of all sorts, he gets money to build churches; and as the churches are built, some good is undoubtedly done. Bat he builds them, es we have seen, on a wrong principle. Some times, too, on very bad sites. Moreover, when built, he presents ti them injudiciously. Thus, ix instance, he got money for a new church for the fishermen whom be tithes; and there it is in West-street The pews will let at high rents ; and though there are live sittings in it, their occupants, for whom the sub scriptions were obtained, are expected to be editlid by an intotied service ! And all because the incum bent is the Vicar's moo, and a high Poseyite. Nor is this example one of the most flagrant instances of the Vicar's want of judgment. abuse of opportunity, and deficiency in sound well-considered views of church government and extension. His conduct on the ques tion of church rates has brought sandal on the church, and noise and disturbance on the town : hence our complaint against him. An ecclesiastic who runabout a crowded watering place, subscription books in each band and in every pocket, who pokes his blind but begging countenance Into every drawing-room, and whose agents are scour ing all its off-streets, Wight, it would be reasonahle to suppose, have some little asefldence in the Volun tary System. The majority of the fourteen churches in Brighton and all the dissenting places of worship have been built and are maintained Asti that system. And if there be a town in England for which it has due more than for another, it is Brighton. Yet dors its Vicar utterly repudiate, reject, and put to acorn, the Voluntary System to which be and his pa rish owe so much. The priests who, by its agency, can band church after church, won't listen to any re liance on it to maintain the fabric of the Mother Church. Though every other place of worship in the town is, more or less, a testimony in its favour. He'll not tolerate a stone, or a brick in, or • dash of whitewash on, the old pa riah church that does not come out of rates and taxes and fiscal impositions. In 1847, he presided over a vestry meeting, which rejected by a great majority a church rate ; yet, in utter disregard of the rejection, and defi ance of the feelings of the parishioners, the vicar and churchwardens inflicted (under the unsatisfactory de cision of the Braintree case) a minority rate on the parish. This minority rate they have collected as far as they could ; but, though one-third of it is still due, the . Vicar thought it decent to call f or a no th er church rate in September last. Thanks to Mr. CONINOHAM, this cell has been parried. Might by experience, the vestry this time did not refuse a church rate; but, as a large proportion of the former rate was uncol lected, they declined to pass the churchwardens' se counts, and thus deprived them of the o pp or t un ity o f proposing a new rate. Consequently the Vicar is left either to enforce the payment of the arrears of the old rate, or again to impose a new minority We ; and in either event, it is satis factory to know his parishioners are resolved to pm the legality of such • rate again to the teat mid to (wry that question, if necessary, to the high.t td. bu'sal of the country. Such is the position to which the Vicar of has brought the church rate question in that A majority rate he cannot have, and a minority rate his parers are resolved he shall not have, exoipt by the decision of the Privy Council or the House of Lords. There is consequently nothing for him but either to surrender the rate and fall back on the Voluntary Principle, or to indulge in costly litigation for years. Pesos or war? We are curious to know which the vicar will prefer. The town has been waitin g for his decision for some weeks pest. Perhaps, Mr. Weans willAreadr.. Meanwhile there hae, of. course, beets the lead amount of angry oortispoedease .14 tie ltaeai aggro papas on the subject; and into trtlia vicar be. bye good deal of ingenuity and no littlebsd taste dragged the ellitatv. Ind takes shelter ender the inflame of his high character aed exalted positioo. But this sharp trick of hie has not ted one of his lend ing parialtiosers from y telling the Archbishop (detail:MOAT that the view's " precast and habitnsl l node ofprobed is a biting coustant satire en his = as a pesos maker." So his reverense has not, as the lawyers any, " taken much by that usetise." Now it mast sot be suppose d that the people of Brighton are " a mean, .st of radicals;" for, though they have so inherent love of taxation, they have never been backward in taxing themselves w hen public funds were reallyeesdfuL They pay very high poor-rates, partly owing to the wretched system on which the union is managed, bat not a little to the in indictees charity of their visitors, which crowds tbe l town with beggars and paupers. They pay heavy I rate. for the improvement of the town; they built a tows ball that coat them 40,0001 ; have a debt of no less than 140,0001.; and have contracted (whether wisely or not is another matter) to purchase the 'Paribas for 63,0001. Let no man then may, leost of all their vicar, that they reject a penny church-rate to save their pockets. TR= area great many points of similarity la the present position of the several European governineate. All of them were so equally mismanaged nadir the 1 aroient system that abuses and bad government pre. duosd a revolution. In al there countries the govern. leg classes bowed beneath the storm, and plum made the moat humble apologies for past despotisms, end the most solemn promises to grant and to stag ' port liberty for the future. All seised the opportunity to restore their power by military force. and all entered, in consequence, upon a system of reaction which renders the old breach between prince and people wider than ever, and more hopeless to fill up cr repair. All countries are now under military rule, and the first and chief thought with each government is how to raise a revenue to meet not only the extraordinary but the great ordinary expenses. All those countries have tried loans, and in general have decried the paper money issued by their constitutional predeces sors. The consequences have been such ruin, dis content, and loss of credit, that princes have been utterly unable to raise money amongst their own sub jects except by some kind of compulsion. They have tried foreign markets with equally bad success, All, therefore, in their distress are recurring to the same alternative--an income tax. Spain, France, Austria, Prussia, the Pope, have come to place their financial hopes and faith in direct taxation. The late troublesome times, stopping both trade and con sumption, have killed the customs and excise, so that in fact there are no ways and means left save an in come tax. In countries, however, where property is very equally divided, such as Franc., an income tax will be extremely difficult of establishment. For if small fortunes be exempt, the produce of the tax will be small; if small properties are included, the whole Glamor peasant proprietors would organise resistance and a general refusal to pay the tax. The great de partments of France are, indeed, already organising sash a resistance against M. Passe's scheme. The reestablishment of the duty on drinks is likely to have a similar effect upon equal numbers of depart meats. So that the French government is certainly reduced to very great and grave perplexity. It -ign log by military force, it cannot reduce the army ; and yet as long as public order merely depends on inti midation, and as long as the powers of the state are in oontot, it is imposille to expect that revival of consumption and of trade which would fill the tressary by the receipt of customs. The great objection to the republic is its not being • revenue-producing form of government. The objectors do not see that any monarchy by which they could replace it would require even a argerl military force, and would create still more numerous, more wide, and more fatal divisions. Leaving, however, the closely-intermingled ques tions of taxation and of the form of government to be stilled by the struggling factions of France, let us turn our attention to the other side of the Rhine. The Prussian government has proposed an income tax of three per cent. on all yearly thoom s above 1,000 donors; retaining a class tax, or graduated poll tax upon the industrious population. This is graduated for one penny a mouth on the lowest clue of labouring men, to six or seven shillings a month upon th shop keepers not considered to be worth a thousand dol lars a year. The peculiarity of Prussian finance ia, that at lead one-fifth of the revenue proceeds from crown domiens, which, so unlike our Weeds and Forests, are ex ceedingly well managed and prods,. tive. Two-fifths more are raised by direct texition but as the greater part of this is raised by laud tax, paid by non-seigaorial lands, the substitution of as Income tax for this and the iodurry tax, would be a mode of equalising the burdens even more than increasing them. The letter of our Vienna correspondent, which we published a day or two ago describes the income sod property tax which the government of Austtia is intro elucmg, and which is more lenient to the labouring clam than the Prussian class tax. All locale s under 300 aeries are to be exempt. In this n lrtM the land and house tax, valued at 62.3 per cent., is pre carved. The profits of trade are taxed 5 per cent. nes: pos sess d of salaries are to be taxed according to a gra duated scale of from one to ten per cent., a pre eveent e some importance, considering from whence it per cmds. It will be seen from recent letters of oar Roman and Neapolitan correspondents, that the governments of south and central Italy have become fascinated by the same scheme. So that the chief, permanent, and universal result of the insurrections of 1818 and re action of 1849 will be the establishment of a general income and property tax throughout Rump-. Severe as this may weigh at present, ttis system &direct taxation is not one of those results of 1848 v the people will have reason to regret. In the Inc place, it will remove moot the greatest obstacles to German unity, as well as to free trade. It wiil take from governments the excuse of keeping up a protectionist tariff for mere purposes of revenue; and baying accustomed the larger end poorer muses of the population to have their necessaries rind more necessary luxuries untaxed, it will become difficult to tax them hereafter; the only resistance will be found in countries where the land is more subdivided, and is the actual proptrty of the cultivator. In France,for example, the objection. to direct t.xation, as indeed to any taxation, are such, that ill. re is but the one remedy, the irremediable necessity —re duction. We could go on to show the similarity of posi'ion of the different governments of Europe. All of them, for example, are at the present moment more =2. pressed by reactionary than by popular exi- And the reaction in all countries is com posed of pretty much the same elements. These are the landed interest, the sacerdotal interest, the old functionary interest, and the military in t; or which might be joined the capitalist totems , or that which is called the Haute Commerce. It is singular that although in every country the go verment is composed of the inzat repressive, and anti-pspnlar statesmen that could be found with any capacities for office, nevertheless all these mar vative ministers are engaged in a struggle, not against popular exigencies, as we said, but against rigid and reactionary ones. The efforts of Louis Nero Leos, and of BARBA? and DITFAIHIE, to withdraw their shoulders from the triple yoke of military, eacerdotal, and legitimist in- Eaence, are bat too plain. The objections of the Pre- , 'Admit to the late ministry are simply that they did not make these efforts with sufficient energy and reso lution. And yet the President seems little more able than BA.SROT to shake off from his shoulders the triple old man of the mountain. At Berlin, MANTIIIFFEL, the most tort' of officials, is so ont-toried and out-talked by the rem:moist/1, that their extravagance almost drives Aim to be liberal. A month ago, MANTSUPPIL supported the constitu tional dogma that the Prussian House of Commons should have the power of voting or rejecting the budget. The Lord STANLETS of Prussia will not hear even of this; and they actually con emplate the establishment of a Prussian lower chamber without thispomer. In Austria, BCHWANSZNBERO and BACH, bed as they were, are still overridden by HATNAII. NAHVAIS is in a similar predicament at another ex- ,EBB, THURSDAY - - . et: ms ut.* that agier3. ast.Hareded ourtiers. Asa last t• be few Sonosturnsacts,- to be feast* that Ale NAR. vases...lli b. L sway, end their places SW by pewely unary mas, who, baying the insane tax, and the wow ea which it is founded at their dis poni], may porpetwute a aorta% regime upon this Iry tyr to twit own gistifiestien v pewee, and suriebniest, unfit Zeros mess period whose esm sisamment will have some sfinliitity to of 1848, but whom termination will be very different ladled. Int earl. WINDSOR. Nos. 7. The Qmssn sad his Hard Highness Priam Albert. assomkd r 7 last Royal Ingham am Demises of Cam bridppaa, their al Hiahassass the liorodhary (triad Disks and Ditcher Moekleabomg &nibs, sad the Primmer Mary et Cambeidf walked Ms morning id the slopes and Wisdasr-park. ;seism sad Madams Drosys do Lbw, sad Vienna% sad Vissosatess Palmerston took thaw la pastors Imo the Castle this moratag. The royal dimes potty this *main isaladad Captain Rea. Horthass sad Satkville Weal. THE QUEEN DOWAGER. " TM Priory, Nov. 7,1149. "The Queen Dowager paled a tranquil night, Italriag slept SILO horns. In other respells. her Majesty is lamb the seas as yesterday. „ Dann Dann, M.D." A committee of the Lords of her Majesty'. most Honourable Privy Council will meet on Monday, the 12th November, to settle the roll of sheriffs br the earning year. The Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord President of the Privy Conseil) left town yesterday, for Park. Lord Ashley has returned to town, and resumed his daily attendance at the General Board of Health. Despatches were sent off, yesterday evening, from the Colonial-offing for the Governors of Ceylon sad Melte, s. d also for the Lord High Commissioner of the halms lolanda. Lord John Russell had a select party at dinner, on Toady, at his residence, Pembroke Lodge, Hishmond-perk. THE CONDUCT OP THE GOVERNOR OP MALTA.— W • understand that it is intended shortly before the assembling of parlisineat to hold a public meeting In the metropolis, with respect to the conduct of Mr. More O'Ferral at Melts. It is expected that before that time much more detailed intelligence will have reach, d this country than was avallahle at the time of the oorrespoad once of Mr. Hume with Lord John Russell. Very few of the exile. who suffered at Malta were able, like Mr. Ago.-' tiai, to pay their pemage to this country. RESIGNATION OF • MASTER IN CHANCERY. — William Wingfield, Req., one of the Mast.rs of the High Court of Chancery, has retired. The appointment is worth 2.5001. per annum, and is is the gift of the Crown, but is always exercised by the Chancellor . Mr. Wingffeld is the father-in-law of the Lord Chancellor. It has been reported that no fresh appointment will take place, there being, it is said, an understanding that the blasters in Chancery will be limited to their present number. SOCIETY OF ARTS. The first oriinery meeting of the Society of Arts was held in the great room or the society's home, John street, Adelphi, yesterday evening at 8 o'clock, W. TOOLS, Esq., in the chair. Mr. SCOTT RUSSELL read the following report : " The council congratulate the members assembled upon the commencement of the96th year of the society's proceedings. They congratulate the toddy upon their increasing means of usefulness, and the cordiality with whisk their exertioes foe the public good are met on ell sides. Their ordinary revenue has increased in seven years from 8001. to 1,8001. ; the whole of which is directly expended in the promotion of arts, manufactures, and commerce. It is a remarkable fea ture in the present state of the society, that it now expends no more money upon its establishment of oMcen and servants than it di.l in 1841, when its condition was the reverse of prosperous. The present list of fifty-one candidates fur elec tion as members may be appealed to as en event altegether without precedent in the history of this society, and sweets its growing power and usefulness. The council have during the sessile issued • prize-11st for 1849. in its various departments of agriculture, arts, mechanise, and manufactures, in which it will be observed that up. wards of 8001. worth of premiums and medals are offered for competition. They are happy to add, that at the head of the list stand the two gold medals of his Royal Highness the President. The society has to be congratulated on the admirable exhibition of paintings which clothed the walls of the great room during the summer. It was visited by thou sands of person+, who then saw for the first time these great historical pain:tugs. We believe that, until that exhibition, Mr. Etty*. tren•cendent merits were only fully appreciated by the limited circle who had hitherto been fortunate enough to see his greatest works. The council think height to express once more their sense of the liberality and enlightened real for th, promotion of art, with which Sir William Allen, the President of the Academy of Painters of Scotland, and the members of the council, allowed their great works to be exhibitad bete for the first time : and to all the pose:sore of these paintings public thanks are due for their liberality and readiness in sending them for exhibition. It is a matter of pride to this socir y that they have already been the means of making be ter known to the public the character and genius of two living painters so distinguished as Mr. Multeady and Mr. Buy. The council feel it their duty to allude, however briefly, to a great undertaking, which, originating with his Royal Highness Prince Albert, has long tot en an obect of deep interest and gradual preparation, and to which a llusion was made in this room at the last geueral meeting. The members recollect that it was stated on that occasion that the great object of a National Exhibition of Industry was more likely than it bad ever iset,r• appeared to be tarried out t; • succustul Issue. This anticipation is now in • far w-y to be r. alt+ed. But as the council have the inten tion of summoning a special general meeting for the purpose of 1 tying before the society the past history and pre ens p.aition of that great undertaking, they will not go further into that subject, be. caws it is one of too great importance to be treated in a cur s ry manner. But as an appropriate preliminary to such a statement, the council have thought it well to place before members the report of Yr. Digby Wyatt on the great French sip ei'ion of last summer. The council thought it wise that the- society, having entertained from time to time this national s..bject, should pat itself in possession of what ther a untriee bad dune towards such an undertaking, although nothing at all approaching to the grandeur of the eign and the extent of the exhibition had hitherto been undertaken in any country. In Mr. Digby Wyatt the Gotta cil sound a gentleman possessing the requisite professional talent, and the taste and judtment required to carry out this view with the greatest benefit to tee public. You will find, when you hear the report, that he has done it she in a man ner most creditable to himself. Mr. DIGBY WYATT then read the announced report. It gen a sketch of the progress of industrial and art expo- sitions fik France, from the Ant limited attempt in 1797, up to the magi.iftcent, but still very tar from perfect display of nit year —a display, the imperfection of which was mainly avributabls to that short- eightednese wf ieh excluded fo reign pr •dui lions, an omission which the great exposition in Lord a, of 1861, is designed, among other essential objects, to remedy. This was received with much applause, and the motion of Mr. Tots, that the thanks of the meeting be given to the ' auth.v, wee carried with unanimous cordiality. The thanks of the meeting were also given to the exhi. biters of the porcelain, bronzes, itc., whose names we did not catch. THZ CONVICT MARIA MANNING.—After the decl aim pronouneed in the Court of Exchequer Chamber ra ter. day on the appeal of this convict, Mr Solomon, her solicitor, proceeded to Hotsemonger-lane Gaol, and bad an intstvisw with the chaplain, the fire. Mr. Rowe, whom kw mauled to communicire the result to hit unhappy client. Especial care had been taten not to inform the wretched woman of the steps in progress for prosecuting the appeal and the an nouncement of its failure, made to her by the rev. chaplain, was the first intimation she had had of say movement in the matter having b-en made. The °Devitt received the infor mation 'ninon' any remarkable mattifestatitn of feeling. inertly observing, as she boa frequently dose, that "every body was against her, and that justice had not been done her." The wretched women's conduct is marked with great outward propriety of demeanour, but she manifests little matritios. _ . WRICRED.—The Carmarthen Journal Ares the* on Wednesday morning lent, the schooner Con stant*, of N.intes, Barbeau, master. which arrived hem la t we k with • cargo of wheat end flour, dropped down the river with the intention of proceeding to sea by the nest tide. When the vessel rot nearly opposite Towy Cantle she grounded not a ledge of rock, and all efforts of the crew to get her front this awkward position were unavailing. At low water she heeled over and lay on her side ; the crew from this time seemed to homiest all presence of mind, and the captain being absent. not having accompanied her in her voyage down the river, very little or nothing wee done to right her. lust irsfore the evening tide c mmenced flowing , tht captain arrived on the spot, and awing the perilous position of his ship, took the boat for the paves' of reseeding to Pilroath, near which place another French veinal was lying, to request the assistance of the are. • instead, however, of proceeding to the other ship in his Mgt, be was merely landed oo the Llansteph , n road, and walked down, thus causing a waste of valuable time. Before he returned, the tide had timed to a considerable height, and had Jutted the Constanceside down. wards, to the centre of the stream, where, having gradually filled, she sank in deep water r. The steamers, on their passage to this port, came up shortly afterward, and one of them came right over her, knocking in her aide, this, making her almost a perfect wreck, bat we are glad to say the steamer was not damaged. Ship carpenters were busily employed on Thursday la endeavouring te Best her, but without me ccas as yet. The crew were all saved, a nd they also suo• *Wed in meening their clothing and valuables, which were 'scarily lodged at Towy Castle, at which plate the crew were wit hospitably treated by D. Evans, Req., sad his family, who, having heard of As mad essidoss, ha s • toned to the spot and rendered all the aeeiatance they coon. The captain and crew showed a great want of skill in not endeavouring to right the vivid before the worn of the tide, arid in net making her fast to the shore, so that she might s oti float out Into the stream. N, EVENIG', NOVEMBER 8, 1849. &must coNDmox or TSB CITY. JIB. SIMON'S REPOS?. • Kr. SIMINS says fa reference to. beness : I eabsibb slaughtering within thi s t al aZ es both dkut~► env ladinesilidoomptsumEltikswiwastdlitelli""yairialrithiha4l4 thsgkmgi Mae se dreier phAtkeemessys way IM welded , ildleisdp, • bowie new very efemine and alesietm Mamas, la close upsides= ca the slareghterieg of egallee eatitand shoat the edgiest subbase et the 00101•141110, within es *arrow !halts of diatom seek. eametnnees anew, you invariably tad estabkiebod the new swaltaat and still mere grievous nuissaces of gut-spinning. nipudreseleg,besse-boiling, tallow-selang, paunch melang e am Illustrative' of this fact easy be [came la the gatessrapingy I shed of Harrow-alley, adjoining Hatettemierme e Aldine ; or in the Leadenhall slam market, eigillgiseue the slaeghtering-places, where the stinking hides West& lie for many hours together, spread oat over a begs area of ground, waiting for sale, to the great offence oldie neigh , boerhood. finch evils as those to which I bay adverted are inse parable from the proems of slaughtering, however fatefully and cleanlilmeueted • and they may easily be aggravated to an unlim ited extent iulefects in (manage, in water nip ply, or in ventilation, oe the slovenly habits and impulse tuality of those to whom the removal of filth and offal is intrusted. In short, I believe it to be quite impossible so to conduct the process of slaughtering within the City of London as to I remove it from the category of nuisances, or to render it harmless to the health of the population. The =shoe of slaughter-houses at present registered and tolerated within the City amounts to 128, and in 68 of these the slaughtering occurs in vaults and alters. How over whelming an amount of organic decomposition must be fur nished by these out of the blood and offal merely of those "450,000 sheep and 60,000 cattle which annually pass over Blackfrianobridge alone, 'can neither be estimated nor con ceived ; but the influence of that decomposition admits of being measured in its effects on the population, and in the high, synods mortality which denotes an atmosphere over laden with organic poison. IV. The subject of intramural burial is the next on which I have to report, as affecting the health of the City. In compliance with an order of the health committee I have examined, as fully as circumstances would allow, into the requirements of the City of London in respect of burial accommodation, and the result of my inquiry obliges me sepia to express say conviction that the City can no longer with safety or propriety be allured to furnish intramural Lange meat to ha dead. In all those larger parochial burying-grounds where the maintenance of a right to bury an be considered important —in ell such and in most others, too, the soil is saturated and super-saturated with animal matter undergoing slow decomposition. There are, indeed, few of the older burial grounds of the City where the soil does not rise many feet above its original level, testifying to the large amount of animal matter which rote beneath the surface. The vaults beneath churches are, in many instances, similarly overloaded with materials of putrefacties, and the atmosphere whisk should be kept pure, and without admixture for th e helm is hourly tainted with the fetid emanations of the dead For the most part, home* are seen to rise on all sides in is mediate contiguity to the burial ground, forbidding the pee ability of even such ventilation as might diminish the evil, ' and the inhabitants of such houses complain bitterly, es they well may, of the inconvenience which they suffer inns this confined and noxious atmosphere. With respect to bu rial in vaults, which prevails to a very great and danger ous extent lathe city, I may observe that among porous who are ill-informed on the subject there exist erroneous no tions as to the preservation of Indies under thew einem stances. They are supposed, from their complete clones. se remain unchanged for eges, like the embalmed bodies of Egypt end Peru ; or, at lean, if perhaps they undergo some interior and invisible change (aa the Umatilla within its sheath), that there is no interference with the general ar reagement, no breach in the compaetnese of the envelope. Notting can be less correct than this supposition. It is umesemeary that I should detail the process of decay mit occurs within the chaiael house , nor need I inquire kg your information whether indeed i t be true, as alleged, that part of the duty of a sexton consists in tapping the re cent coffins, so as to facilitate the escape of gases which other wine would burst from their confinement. It is sufficient that I should state that whether such be or be not the duty of the functionary in question, a time certainly comet, sooner or later, when every corpse buried in the vault of a aura spreads the products of its decomposition through the air as freely as though no shell had enclosed it. It is watt* orate utmost notoriety that under all ordinary wadi thins of vault sepulture the wooden case of the coffin speedily decays and crumble*, while the interior leaden one, bending with the pressure of whatever mess may be above it, yields, binges, and bursts, as surely as would a hatbox under the weight of a leaden portmanteau. It the accuracy of this description lee doubted, let inquiry be made on a lugs smile after the coffins of 40 years beck —let it be seen how many will appear! If, on the con trary, its accuracy be granted, th'n I apprehend nothing further need be urged to establish the importance of abolish ing a system which maintains in so large a scale the open putrefaction of human remains within place, of frequent resort, and in the midst of populous habitations. It is a very serious matter for consideration, that close beneath the feet of those who attend the services of their church there often lien an almost solid pile of cl-oompos ing human remains, co-extensive with the area of the building, heaped as high as the vaulting will permit, end generally Om I have shown) hut very partially confined. And if it be the cm (as perhaps It may be) that the fre quenters of the place of worship do not complain of any vitiation of the atmosphere, or perhaps do not experience it, not the less is it true that that vitiation occurs, and (whether to the special detriment of the congregation or not) contributes to the overladen putrefactivenessef our Lon don atmoept.ere. In respect of such vaults I do not consider that the mere natation of interments will be sufficient, seeing that at the present moment they contract 'mega them many thousand eeffies as yet tenanted by the materials of decomposition ; and yen after year, if left in their present state, these will be poisoning the air with successive instalments of their pro gressive decay. It se ems to me quite indispensable that some comprehen sive measure should be undertakes for abolishing at once sad for ever all burial within the City of London. Conjointly with the general application to parliament for prohibition et further intramural sepulture, I would recommend that authority be obtained by the City for its several pariah's to recur* the decent removal to extramural cemeteries of seek coffins as already occupy their vaults ; or, failing this measure, I would recommend that all coffins now lying within vaults be walled up is their present resting-places, with uniform impermeable masonry. I have to report that there are houses and localities ethin the City which are irremediably bad—places on which the uninterrupted presence of epidemic disease are stamped se absolutely unfit for human habitation ; places where drain age and water supply indeed are defective, but where the perfection of these necessaries might exist in all probability witheut giving healthiness to the inhabitants. The predoroi sant evil in the cases referred to is their thorough impute- ' bility of ventilation. Tee Iphabitan'e of open streets can hardly conceive the complicated turnings, the narrow inlets, the close wallets ' of houses, and the high barriers of li e ht and air, which as, the common characteristics of our courts and alleys, and which give an additional noxiousness oven to the cm pools and their filthiness. There are very few who, without personal verification, would credit an mown that might be given of the worst of such dwelling places. Let any one, however, who would do lull justice to this frightful subject visit the portion of Bishop[ ate which lies east of Houndsclitch, or the upper portion of Cripplegate, which contains some of the wont, though by no mean, the only in stances of pestilential residence. A man of ordinary diner sions almost hesitates, lest he should wedge himself immov ably In the low and narrow crevice which is called the ea teat co to come such court or alley ; and having paned that ordeal, he finds himself as is a well, with little light, withless ventilation, amid a dense postulation of human being., with ea atmosphere hardly respirable from its closeness sad pollee lien. Toe stranger, during his visit, feels his breathing con strained, as though he were in a diving - bell; and 'epee'. mees afterwards a sensible and immediate relief sa he emerges again into the comparatively open street. Now, I am prepared to show that there are many, very many, courts winds the City, to which the above description accurately applies—courts and alleys hemmed in on all sides by higher bonen, having no possibility of any current of air, and (worst of all) sometimes so constructed back to back as to forbid the advantage of double windows or back. doers, and thus to render the house as perfectly a cads-ear est of the court, se the court is a clef-de-sae out of the next theroughtan. It is surely superfluous to observe that these localities are ' utterly incompatible with health. Among the dense popu lation it is rare to see any other appearance than that of squalid sickness and misery ; and the children, who are re produced with the fertility of a rabbit n arren, perish in early infancy. In the wont localities probably not more than half the children born survive their fifth year, and of the 3,799 deaths registered last year in the City of London generally, 1,410 were at or under seven years of ape. Typhus prevails there too, not as an occasional visitor, but as an habitual pestilence. It is impossible for we, by numbers, to give you an exact knowledge of the fatality of such spots, because in the greater part of the City, hospitals, dispensaries, and private practice divide the treatment of the sick with the Ismochial officers, and diminish the returns of sickners which those officers would etherwire have to show. But this I may tell you, as en illustration of what I state, that in the few houses of Seven Step alley and its two offsets (Amelbsplaos and Turtisruntarei : there occurred last year 183 paroobial mem of fever; in •Inees-plaos and Pnaeorequari, 178 cases (think, gentleme n __ e if this had occurred in Southampton lace and annei-equan 1) ; that behind the seat side of HM►opegate, th e small distance from Widegate-street to Now-street, theme Mee 126 eases; that behind the west side teem Primrose-Wart to Half-moon -street, there were 246 meg; then the parish of Cripplegete had 364 cafes over and shale Ibe =mbar (probably a very erf larg e one) treated by phone genetitienere, by hospitals, and especially by dile Illatilarly, Monett with lose sot informant, I lli rm ingL esallied to trace liner to a terrible extent, in very many saw Imelda oldie City, even on the verge of he better mideness e and sem behind its wealthiest thorough fares; it rtantsetwarest. in Plough-court and place, in Peppletemenre e EfeellPmesurt, Black-hone.slley, Union town. Plittellieweart is Holborn. Field-lane ; in the courts right ems kik of Xispeirret, Smithfield, in Hanging-sword alley, and La vicinity, in Peahen-court. in Bell-alley, and its neighbourhood in Priest's-alley, in Beer-lane, in Fan'* alley he liireminabuildings, and in the whole large epos whisk elealehen Ludgate-hill to beside the river. As a Palliative mitteenn, applicable in many of the least aggravated lutaues, I may suggest the removal of unne cessary walls which intercept the current of air from place to place; the 'kenestion of enactor openings In rarities blind courts ; and, net least, In regard of many houses thus situated, the. admission of Witt and air by additional windows. I easnOt par this portion of the:subject without recording my opinion that the operation of the window tel is is direct opposition to the sanitary interests of the people, and i swat venture te uprise-my hope that some different method of assessment may presently be adopted, is plus of mu whisk presses on the occupier Is proportion to the healthiness of his tenement. I think it very de sirabie, Indeed almost indispeneable, that your honour able court should have the power, under certain circus steams, to order and inform the opening of additional win dows In bonne occupied by large numbers of persons, when your officer of health may report their ventilation defective ; and if it should seem expedient to you to seek this authority from the legislature, it might with the greatest advantage be accompanied by some eoneess:on from her Majesty's govern ment, to the e ffect that the formation of additional windows occurring thus under your orders for the Immune:o neces sities of health and hie, should not occasion any further amassment on the occupiers of the house. STATE OF PUBLIC HEALTH. (From the ftegletrareienerars Quarterly Report.] SOUTH Eastmax Demme The cholera extended in Statue up the Thames to Richmond, Kingston, and Chaney, and through Mitcham south of Wandsworth to Croydon, but made no impression on Epsom or the districts on and south of the Surrey Hills. The population here enjoyed unusual health. At Leather head, with a population of nearly 2,000, " no death," says the registrar," has taken place since May 6, except of two seven months children." The local sanitary committee had every house examined, dunghills removed, drains laid down, and privies moved to • distance from the dwellings. Farn ham was healthy, notwithstanding the bad drainage of parts of the town, and the resort of thousands of strangers of the poorest class to it during the hop-picking. In KENT, the districts on the Thames, the Medway, and coestfrom Graves end, Milton, Rochester, and Chatham, to the Isle of Tieanet, including Margate and Ramsgate, suff-red severely. The deaths in Gravesend are on an average 127 in this quarter ; they were in the lart quarter 640, of whist 193 were by cholera. There are no available sewers, and the drainage falls into rudely-constructed cesspools. The mortality of Margate, Ramsgate, and the Isle of Usenet was more than double the ge; so also was the mortality of Hastings in Sussex; in Brighton the mortality was little less. All these places, it will be borce in mind, were constantly interchang ing pa to of their population with London. Maidstone on the Medway suffered ; but of 43 deaths from cholera in Loose, one of its sub-distric s, all, except two or three, were smone vagrants, chiefly Irish, who same into the parish of East Farleigh to pick hope. In the Isle of Grain (Roo) Folkston', and in several districtsin the itderior of Kere and Sussex, the mortality was belsw, or not wove, the average. Bantasenne.—The deaths its Windsor, Wokiegham, Read ing, Bradfield, Wallingford, and Abingdon were somewhat above the avenge; a certain number of cases occurred in thew river-side districts. The mortality was low in Wantage end Farringdon. Hamrsenut.—The deaths in Portant Island, including Portsmouth, were 1,136; in Southampton, 479; ohLth is about three times the average. The mortality in Purina Island was about 2 per cent., or at the rate of 8 per cent per annum of the population ; and in S eutbampton less. The Wand (says Mr. Martin) is not two feet above high. water mark, and pasts ere below; the drainage is bad Alventoke, adjoining Pollee& Island, suffered ; so did South Stoneham by Southampton, and Winchester, but the latter •o a less ex eat. The mortality was double the average in the Isle of Wight ; and the cholera chiefly affected Newport, Cowen, and Ryde, on the aide of the island against Ports mouth and the Southampton waters ; the mortality was low on the southern side. Many districts of Hccpshire ware unusually healthy. Solnix MIDLAND DIVISION. MIDDLESEX.—Iu Bren:lord toe mortality was three times the ge; and in Staines, the other district up the Thames, there were many deaths trim cholera. Edmon ton and Barnet had many deaths ; but the other districts suf fered less. Mrrroltiniiitie—Royston and Hitchin. also Ware and Hertford-en-the-Lea, and where the New River has its source, suffered severely. So did Watford, ou the railway. BECKINGHANSHIIia.—In Great Marlow-on-the- Thames the mortality was doubled by cholera. High Wy combe also suffered. The other districts. except Rum, were unusually healthy. Oxerottheninem—lo Oxford, on the Isis, 39 persons died from cholera; but no deaths oceurr d in six parishes where the street are wide and clean. In Headington and Withey, also, a certain number of dates occurred from stolen ; the other district, were healthy, exempt Banhury,where 26 persons died of scarlatina. NORTHARPTONSHIRS.—Northamptou has been affee•ed by cholera, but the rest of the county, at well as HuNTINODON SHIRE and BEDFORDSHIRE, have ban healthy. A few cases of cholera acd dive ma have occurred in particular places, but the active sanatory measures employed (particu larly in Bedford) have ki p : the di-ease in check. DAM BRIDOESHIRE.—Ia the Winbeach sub-distriot 80 tit aths Irom cholera have been registered; and in North Witchforti many. Both diidricts sre on the coast side of the Isle of E:y. Cambridge itself and several of the remaining dis tricts have been healthy. EASTIRN DIVISION. Essex.—ln West Ham, east of B .w, and Romford on the north side of the Themes. the deaths were 286 and 278, dot Ole the average. Coolers was equally rife in R ,chford, u:rtb of the Thames, at its mouth. In Oreett and Billericay, intermediate districts bordering on the Thames, the 11107ta• lity was not raised. Maldon, round the Blackwater, suffered slightly; and in Ten4ring, extending north to the Stour, on which the sea-port of Harwich is built, the mortality was high. In Harwich the births were 28, the deaths 111. The districts in the interior from Epping to Chelmsford and COl - and the other more rural districts, were healthy, except Dunmow. The registrar cites an example in which cholera appears to hay:" been conveyed into thie district trots West Ham. SUPPOLK.—lpswich, which is generally an, healthy, had 241 deaths, or somewhat shove the airings number ; a few from cholera, which also destroyed several lives at Lowestoft, in Mutford. Plomesgate and Blything, on the coast, and Stow and Coeford in the interior, were the only other districts of Suffolk in which the mortality was slightly above the ge. Nou FOLIC.—Yar nouth, Norwich, and Depwade, throne's which the Eastern Counties Railway , and the two first con nected by the navieshl• river Ire: l rr are the only 'Ms in which the mortality was sensibly above the average- A' Yarmouth the mortality was not double the average ; and of 65 deaths from cholera in the northern sub-district, 18 were 'of persons landed at Yarmouth, from London vessels, which had taken in water at the port. The r-st of the coast of Norfolk, fenced by sand-banks and cliffs of sar.d and gravel, on which the sea is encroaching, suffered nothing ; and many of the districts in the interior of the county were unusually healthy. BOOTH WsOTYax DIVISION. Wiltshire has presented great contrasts. Highworth, Cricklade, Malmesbury, and Marlborourth have been 'tr ete• icily healthy ; so have Pe wsey and Amesbury on Sabi , bury Plain, which is naturally salubrious ; as well as Tie , bury and Mere, on the borders of Dorsetstore. Ciiippenhom, Caine Davis',, hlelksh me, and Bradford had an excess of Ideathi ; 30 deaths from cholera were raffish red in the Devises sub-district, and the cholera visited Salisbury with fearful violence. The population was 9,490 in 1841, and he average deaths in the lour summer quarters (1845 8) were 48 ; in the summer quarter of 1849 the deaths were 263, of which 161 were from cholera, 33 from diarrhea; 68 from other causes. Salisbury is always an unhealthy place ; it is on slow damp valley, in the midst of water meadows ; the courts and alleys where the lower classes reside, are in a With, state, and derive ao benefit from the general system of cleansing carried on in the main streets. There is a mill dam ; " and any attempt," says Captain Denison, " to Ira prove the general drainage, would be impracticable; it would interfere with too many interests." The surround. ing dirric•a of Wilton and Alderbury suffered ; at &Word, the births were 22, deaths 63 ; 17 deaths from cholera, 12 from diarrheas, aenerally in the overcrowded, small, badly - yen limed houses. The Avon flows from Salisbury through Forditigbridge,Ringwood,and Christchurch to beam. rd ingbridge was infected; Ringwood, lower down the river, and Chrirchurch on the sea, as well as Lymington, were un usually healthy. Donsirentaz.—Taking tho coast dis tric's front the east,the Poole sub-district had 18 deaths from cholera ; but only 45 deaths In all, out of 8,236 ie.babitanta (1841) ; is the Wareham sub-district the mortality wee elighthy above the average; in the Weymouth sub district the deaths were 126 (51 from cholera) in about 10,290 inhk tanti. The mortality of the isle of Portland hat been tee...s olve through the year. In Bridport the deaths in the last summer quarter were 108, somewhat above the avenge; 5 deaths from cholera are mentioned. Dorchester Beek, king north of the Black Down, which separates it from Weymouth, suffered to some extent ; but generally the health of the districts of the interior was above he average. Devorthainn.—The mortality has been higher than the average in the districts on the south coast ,• Exeter has suffered lightly ; in the city and the surrounding district of St. Thomas a few deaths from cholera have occurred ; some of pen me from Plymouth. In Newton Abbot, on the Teign, the deaths were nearly doubled ; in one of its sub districts, Torquay, 45 deaths from cholera were registered in seven days, in the lower part of the town where the sewers are in a bed state. In Plymouth and the adjiiiniog dia•riet Prympthn St. Mary, East Stonehome, and Stoke Demerol, containing 99,859 inhabitants (2,100 military) in 1841. the deaths from all causes were 2.290. The mortality was more than 2 per cent, or more than thre e times the average of the season. The mortality of 2 per cent, in the quarter is at the rate of 8 per cent. it. the year In the beginning of June three cases, one :Tom an emigrant ship, occurred in St. Andrew's, and about the Moe ban 9 deaths in the American Eagle lying in Plymouth Seurat, two miles south of the town ; in July the epidemic broke out, and raged in August and Serember with great viq. lance over all the locality. Tavisttick district, north of Ply mouth, extending over Dartmouth Forest, suffered; hut the cholera appears to have been very math confined to Buck land Monychornm next Plympton St. Mary, and to Tay.- stack town. The mortality was below the average rate in the districts of Central and of North Devon, ex cept in Barnstaple on the west coast, where the deaths from all causes were only 190 in a population of 97,195 (1841). Scarlatina, diarrhea, and cholera were prevalent in the lower parts of Ilfracombe, a healthy place, but a port over against Swansea and Neath, where cholera was exces sively fatal. COANWALL—In St. Ckroians, next Plymouth and the estuary of the Tamar, the deaths from all louses were 306 (five times the average), is a population of 16,120 ; in the little fithieg town of Kingelsod 93 died out Of a population of 789. In Lisheard the mortality was doubled. In Sr. Austell the deaths (277) were nearly tripled ; in the Mevagiasey sub district the births were 16. the deaths 140 to a population of 5,218 ; the inhabitants left the town. Truro end Fabnouth s--24611 attacked. but the death / were not icia e d &ore l i n 60 per Nat Heiman. Penzance, and the Scilly Ithitiql the south-west, with Launceston, Castellani, and in the northeast, were exceedingly healthy. 81118.11 The mortality has been below the na an severs' districts of Boersetsbire; but Brid aewatee to soma extent tram cholera; so did Wells, &trap IbL" end Clucton, lying between the Pa rro t and the Ave% T. Xeynahans and Bath, on the Avon. the mortality was 1 1 0 about 60 per cent. by cholera; in Bedmie s t er the , from Bristol by the Avon, the deaths (440) we ft trip&i..72 mortality about 1 per sant., or at the rate of 4 p ee s o T t. per SIIMAIS. SHEFFIELD ATHENEUM BAD HECHANIcsi 11 opening of th . la.. N eb G rate So t l h ß e Ell. guished and numerous company. Tteunas D., A public sOiree OP to lal oe i l who was received with (led stirution, took place in the Atheneum Booms, Surtey * - y int sai rod a uc t toey hat srherfisinus, and isit. l Sheffield, on Tuesday last, when the members were h - . by a distin Eaq., of fibeffield, occupied the chair, sad after au ia tort' :epTlpi l aeh a veu p are ;eh la Earl l after t:y CARLISLE,sasame introducedtruly said mingham ware almost the only towns over the g idi er indeed l4 111121. 141 canopy of which the blast of the pesUl ooe . Ntiisi fa a moment to po an ise d itself, briht and then in fiul ap away pheres ci which seem to be more susceptible of the belief:l Wors e This was so much the ca.e tkat some persons have tr,a - v a k the works in iron sad steel upon which the indwtsio y N. tives of these two towns are so constantly employed, ay i s sow ke of their countless furnaces were in thwaselrea n e . servatives against the disease. I would n o t I eve yva;;j: too confidently upon any suck theory. I renewer n.."'" in this very town telling you th a t the patro n ""' smithies, forges, and furnaces—the old god Vulc.n, to the- ancient mythology—was married to the w a k e healtho w t hch il . — b ( i c a h n e c e h r e s d ) — s a o n a d inhoyweetheotr cheeks il i a: y vi be tt. , mi la e s: beauty ; but I never heard of ci s bei ng we dd ed to thole d pe m st many lb eats amongst a large portion of the tcwns and mike of England cannon be looked upon as merely as even if the cholera itself should not return in its gig hateful lorm, we know from the greatest gracumultbee g experience that dinar s of the same kind, that ten, and fever are produced by the same causes, that theglieli the same localities, and stake down the same viefiall would only most earnestly exhort you ail to take alee from yourselves, to act upon your own experience, sad by it , tension in time to sanitary precautions, by pettiog senate ..rains In streets, and alleys, and courts where there argu e at present, by the removal of nuisances, by the adraineg fresh air into your rooms, and pure water intoyour human take what will be the beat preservatives, under the Anew, blaming, against the introduction of the revive of this di. order. (Cheers.) Now I must beg your pardon if what 1110 1 said may seem in my position to smell too mach of to shop (laughter and cheers) though I mw: hake f.restune to say that I do not think there is so much wsat el connexion as may be at first apparent between tie saile on w huh I have now ventured to touch and the melee which more especially make the bushiest of tl is even That purpose—it I rightly interpret it—is to at apsn e throw open, and to conmerwe a temple, as it were, fie rot lectual improvement and lot' mental enjoyment (gars, hear.) But it is not from the languid bed of sicknenie not from the troubled couch of fever, it is not from ne g.oorny chamb.rs ut death that we can expect to dumdum lul votaries of intellectual and mental progrem. (lieu.) lii vigorous exercise of the judgment, the buoyant play of %Is fancy, the elastic impulses of tho soul, require t ealthy est um:liaised organs tor their lull display sod d.velopeest The mind and body will almost in every ease—thouga los are brifsiant exceptions—but the general rule it,tl at the mild and body will be found to re act upon each otter, and the who most promote the enlightened care of the physical area will most truly advance the use and esjoyment of !iteration and moral faculties, (Rear, hear.) The undr.ined alley, the unventilated room, and the impure atutobpnera te Whet I have alluded wit but serve to irritate the tempers ler whet we trust bele to provide serene enjoyment, and to clog sal debase the energies for which we shall endeavour hew h furnish fit opportunity and congenial nurture. Now,willite ape ct to the general objects of such an institw ion sinning have I more to say I—fe hat have I to say in addition to gild may have already said iu this town ? There are . thers km to whom this meeting is likely to 'Wen with high gnlii. cation and useful instruction. To them, fp-title:nen, lad Jingly would devolve the tan of further enlightening sad electing you. It has been long thought to be the pelt* of the peerage to be dignified and quiet—(lsughtu sad cheers)—and so far at least as the present octanes it concerned I do no: feel inclined to waive the ptivilege which belong to me. (Renewed Laughter and cheer') But as we tie here in one chamber, as they de row at Paris, only I hope we form a more orderly se. semblage than theirs—(hear, hear)—and the lays d the concert which has been provided for us, and tie ii. ' perience wo have already had of the powers of the musk* prove it must be a more harmonioue one—(laughter)—l would take, bet re I conclude, this opportunity of rang to you that no one in this circle around m'—so ou is the whole extent of this well.proportigned apartment—se one in this town, can go beyond me in the most ordifl ' wish that every kind of proaperity may attend this ma. ' bined institution, w.d in entreating of you who heft as, and all to whom what I say may in any way reach, to uphold and beiriend them with a liberal and distrait nacing, and persevering support. (Cheers.) Do this, ir, do this, ladies and gaud maen. Di it in gratitude; for I would call upon you whose lot in life may penes enable you, when the drudgery of the bu mess of the day is done, to retire to your comfortable—perhaps some of you to your luxurious abodes—and find, when you haw enriched yourselves upon your easy arm-chair by yon well piled fire, the day's newspaper or the last review to help the leisurely pr .cess of your digestion, or may remise your well-stored b.ok-shelves for the rich maguand .bought and the self cted treasures of ages which they tote Alin, I would exhort one and all of you to r. member 11110il is for whom the se commodious coffee rooms, libraries, sal lecture rooms are intended for the purple of promoting their moment re. re ati.n or useful instruction. Why, it is er the hard worked—it is in intention, and I hope Is Is to a gent extent in tr. silty, for the hardworked eons of toil, fur the se t.ficers and architects of your own wealth, for the Wend your enjoyment, for the highly-wrought sinews and our. wrought brain which compose the wonder working Watery of Bagland, it is for those and for them that your liberal is now claimed. (Cheers.) I have said do this en gradate. Do this in prudence also. The prosperity of &talent may wax or wane ; for trade, like love— Spreads its bright wings and be &moment dies. I do not upon an occasion like this seek to enter °maul local question or upon any local controversies; but I matte allowed to remind you that there can be no ad sim guarantee of the prosperity, the peace, and the renown d your own Sheffield as to keep the bulk of its pogellslel occupied, orderly, cheerfeu, and apt to be phased. (Cbsetel As your chairman has very properly ientioded you, life is serious things, and they must suggest themselves to a* mind. Life, the world, and the world beyond, etch the chime and duties, in front of which all else is u Dodd* But our purpose here and now is with a subsi iuy taw' our to amuse the leisure, to refine the taste, strengthen the understanding, to stimulate rill where it may exist, to borrow its lustres ad is communicate them where they would otherwise be U. known. He who makes himself meet acquainted end the ornaments, the 'legumes, the soft humeni ies sheet t row a spell even on ibis rude and jarring world of an will be least inclined to disturb its social order. (Chat..) He who has toted moat the rich flavour of knowledge ' ' be the least tempted to lose the precious hours of time is* haunts of drunkenness and impurity. (Cheers.) Beet . has mastered most sad comprehended most of the !lanced the past and the capacities of the present, will he brut gash lied to digrity and adorn the future. Well, thee, ladies sed gentlemen, we have met here to celebrate and continue et. union of these two institutions, the Sheffield Atha.*** tie Sheffield Mechanics' Institute—a Grecian and all Bar lush name. May they both in their annals hence'ortka they new do in their names, combine the arts and aro* plishments which every grace and every muse conferr.dupel :he ancient Athens, and the needy sense, the patient lad* •ry, the noble enterprise, the household virtues, and the to iegious trust which I fervently pray may long be tbe racteristies of our honoured lingland. (Loud and protrated applause.) _ - - Mr. ROEBUCK, on rising, was vociferously and mel wily cheered. After the plaudits had subsided, he said: This, sir, I em told, is a Mechanics' Institute. las glad to hear it, and I will tell you why. I have asked myself why we have met. I have been told it is Mechanics' Institute: what Is the meaning of that? lite if rue. will allow me, sir, I will say that I think I haw paid some attention is the great business of our lives bete, end I will tell you why I think this is a mater of jet port...nee. Into this world we have imported a eel lament. In the olden time—in three bright eras which „ I have no doubt the noble lord at my right hand we ll knows of—the days of classic literature and law, who repuSlics were talked of and were in being, there was people. But in this monarchy of ours, which is WI/ much decried because it is not a republic— :sid I am jag u much that way Inclined ea meat men—in this monarch!, I say, I fired a great element which did not is. it WOO, and that is the piople. (lieu, hear.) Biome time rises there was a great and a good, a ben. ficent, • baievilest man—l am sure I may so speak of Dr. B.rk b. ck (aPP 110 " ) —he saw the new element which was i^aveduced into w• cisty, and he most wisely said, Let us see it we can't soars' this new element in the favour of good government sod peace and happiness. And for that purpose he endi aroma to introduc. Mechanics' Institutes. Re did do so. 11 s established them throughout the country. And pa sir, have mentioned a period of some ram WI very far lenge, than I like to remember, ttimeg" do remember them—(lsughter)—the period when be teoduced and established this assembly—this very Me; chinks' Institute which I have now the honour. o f , addressing :he created a Mechanics' Institute—fa WO' purpose ? For this, sir. "As in ordinary life we 1 combined towers to serve our other interests—as we 11 _, clubs and vatious other means to provide fur our Ot, and oar social rest ea' ions," he said, " let us m mbm e many he del monster, as it is called, of the ptiple. lig to in his small might maintaining that which we desis . advance, let him contributes to the educivion of hi s clee" thus combining that which the increased knowledge of . mankind ha s enahled us to do, brioging tog , ther all T.L.r. separate powers in that which is called a Mechanics' 4'2 r • r th , wl I