The Express. — London, England, 1849-12-04 00:00:00

ghe erpregs. OUTGOING MAILS. The sails ibr Madeira, the Bras*, sad Bassos Ayres, will be made up Ws day. Dee. 4. The mu mils fur Lisboa, fipsie, and Gibraltar will its ands up ea Die. 7. The ails Me Marseilles, te the Mediterrsame, Egypt, Myles, led's, Ileegatreg . Ate., will be made up oa the ~deg of Des. 7. The for British North America sad eke traital Maw will be made up cm the ember of Deo. 1 4 . The West Leda MAW% easteding Bermuda, Swam" Mama, lioadtams, Now Odom. and Illeatm, aad imludiug times ler Madeira, BR Jese.do.Nissragus. Now Graaads, ChM end Pere, will be Almeadhei cm Des. 17. ChM make GAffeker. Naha, Omer, the loeise lamas. lope, Coyle'', has, sad Cities, via Southamptae, will be wok sp Gs the morning of Doe. 20. ■IOU WATIZ AT LONDON SWIM& Twiseas.r 416. Aka /Maw.. I. As LONDON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4. Oars letter from Widdin, giving an account of the departure of Kosseyn and his companions, will be read with melancholy interest, as well as the indig nant remonstrance addressed by an officer of Damt- ANlSell'e gaff to the side-de-carop of General PASKIE WITSCH. It will be recollected that the Hungarian gesends surrendered on the faith of Russian pro•ec lion • and, as a warrant of that faith , were entertained at the table of the Russian commander, and partoik of his hospitality. It was this reception of those who surrendered at Arad that induced the other Hungarian commanders of corps to surrender also, and, in fact, prevented the continuation of the war. When, es the result of this, these same generals were handed over to perish by the Austrian hangman, it may be judged how far either the Russian or Austrian character for honour, courage. or generosity, has gained by the treacherous conduct and termination of the campaign. The sole principle, however, which governs Austria and Russia is the right of the strongrt. On this alone they both rely—to this they conjointly appeal. By the sword of both has the Gordian knot of Hun gary been cut. By the sword of one, and the.money of both, was Lombardy subdued. By bombardment were the Bohemians quieted, and the Austrian capital cern paled to receive its emperor. Those who wield mili tary mesas of gavernmer t cannot turn their minds or apply their hands to employ any other. Accordingly we find that, in the serious d.fferencis with North Germany,Austria, after having for some time stooped to act the negotiator, has at length determined to play the bully. There can be no doubt of a very fierce, and even warlike, note having been addressed b_y the SCIIWADZENDERG cabinet to th e court of Berlin, threatc:,ing to proceed to any extreme rather than permit the openiog of even the shadow of a German parliament at Erfurt. In the important letter of our Vienna correspondent, published yesterday, it will be sen how Austria is preparing to support, by its attitude, the language and menace of that note. Instead of any reduction of her armies and military expenditure, so loudly called for by the state of her revenues and resources, the Austrian government is making use of its late forced loan (so opportunely driven from our market) to augment both. Austria is making use of that money to threaten Prussia for daring to even essay to found the parliamentary liberties and unity of German. As o y f course this menacing, and military, and anti-liberal policy towards its neighbour, was incompatible with ant thing like copal tutienal government at home, the Austrian cabinet has molved to adjourn sine die the calling of the provincial diets, and of coons every idea and pr.ispect of a general assembly or constitution. Count SCHWARZENBERO held out the hope through the Vienna Gazette and the Times as long as he wanted to gull the English capitalists into lending money. But that " dodge" answered or defeated, the mask is thrown off, and we are to hear no more of an Austrian constitution. This denial and disappointment of el provincial sad liberal hopes ere of course expected to produce discontent. But the Austrian cabinet is prepared for it. The Emperor and his ministers have jest visited Prague, the capital of Bohemia, with great pomp. A deputation from Prague, of the very men who opposed the German ultra-liberals in Vienna, waited on the minister to ask for the cessa tion of the state of Sep and martial law. But the minister merely replied by a sneer, and an observation that the state of siege was destined to last much longer : " Were Ito rates the state of siege," quoth the minister, " the two parties of Ger mans and Sclavooians would cut each other's throats." Thus the only prospect held out by the Austrian statesman is a choice of, or en alternative between, martial law and civil war. And this is said, not merely to the Hungarians, or the Viennese, or the Milanese, but to the Bohemians, to the very popu lations amongst whom the Emperor retired, and amongst whom he refitted his army and his powers. With such a confession of weakness as this avowal, that government can only exist by martial law, maples" too with the known declaration re JELLACUICH and even RADETSKI himself, that the empire could sot be kept in tranquillity without large concessions of freedom, we believe Austria to be incapable of war. She may threaten it. Bat for Austrian armies actually to invade Germany in order to enforce des potism and crush even that small and cautious por tion cf constitutional government and • unitarian system that Prussia seeks to establish—any such at tempt as this would be the commencement of a civil war, of which no one could foresee the end. We believe Austrian statesmen, silly as they are, too prudent to risk this. Incited we do not give the credit of sincerity to any one of their acts or words. They are not sincere in threatening war, no more than they were sincere in promising • constitution. The last week has shown that they are as treacherous and ungrateful to the Sclavonians of Bohemia as to those of Croatia, both of whom must infallibly become as hostile to Austrian dominion as the Magyars them selves. They were not sincere in offering to Germany a commercial union upon any liberal or possible basis ; they were no more sincere in this than their pastimes. in this country who praised their scheme. The sys tem of the Austrian empire is avowedly and lade libly to suffice to itself, a system for which its varied climes, and straggling provinces furnish some kind of foundation. Austria spins its own yarn and weaves it ; makes its own cloths, works its own minim, grows its own tobacco, has the raw material of most of its own manufactures within itself. Its tariff is double that of the German Zollverein ; and the only terms on which it could consent to unite with that body would be an augmentation of the Prussian tariff, and a monopoly of the north German markets for its own manufactures. A union between the Zollverein and Austria would, in fact, be the esta blishment of a great protectionist empire over all central an 4 eastern Europe, and a sacrifice of the nobler interests of trade and freedom to the smaller system of home production and exclusiveness. These who will take the trouble to compare the progress of the Zollverein in imports, exports, oat samptios and revenue with that of Austria during a similar period of years (the population of the two commercial empires being pretty much alike, ever thirty millions), will at:a glance perceive on which aide, and with which system, lie program, develop ment, prosperity and freedom. PUBLIC f- cling is growing alive to Excise iniquities. There is a strong party in the country ready to back the appeal of those who suffer by this system to parliament. They may rely 'on receiving that which they have not hitherto been able to obtain, full representation for their wrongs through an independent press. "Five years ago, sir," writes a soap manufacturer , Mwe endeavoured to arouse public attention to the hardship of our case. We were led on by Messrs. HAWES, wh o were indefatigable in their efforts to obtain justice 1 for ns. It was, with them, a final struggle prior to I their abandonment of the trade, and they engaged in it nobly. But our hopes were crashed. At no period were we able to obtain the slightest assistance from the press. Not a par in London would lend us a corner of its columns. Me Tones, as usual, turned a deaf ear to as. The Morning Chronicle, although then a liberal paper, shuffled us off. From the rest we had et twee less sympathy to expect. But now that the press has turned its attention to the subject, I indeed Lave hopes." If time were in power a government that was open THE EXPRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 4, 1849. FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY. 540 rag. The Chamber finally voted to-day the law on the naturalisation of strangers. The &Me states to-day that at a Council of Ministers held at the Elia* on the 20th ult., • note was read to the Council, from which it appeared that England pronounced in favour of the right of the Roman people to choose its own government. The same journal says, that at a Cabinet Council held in London, it was decided to support Louis Napoleon's policy at Rome, if the President engaged himself no: to separate from England in the affair of the Hunga rian re fugees. The interrogatory of the forty-six persons accused of being concerned in the legitimist conspiracy of the Rue de Rumfort, was brought to a close on Friday ; and subsequently twenty-seven of them were set at liberty. The nineteen ethers detained provisionally in custody comprise those who were proposed for dif ferent grades in the legion of St. Hubert, as also the chaplain and surgeon-major. The semi-official organs of the government have announced a grand review at the Champ de Mars, and a dinner and ball at the Hotel-de-Ville for the 10th inst. But besides these festiviies, that anniversary was to have inhered in a general amnesty, had not circumstances prevented its being granted. It seems that it is only with great difficulty that Louis Napoleon has been induced to abandon this idea. The chief reason for his so doing, or rather for postponing the measure, is, that it would be unconstitutional, the Legislative Assembly having alone the power to vote it. Already the presidential and legislative powers are sufficiently at variance without additional differences being created. It is expected, indeed, that the initiative taken by the President in submitting to the council of ministers a plan for public assistance, at the very moment when a committee is at work on one presented a long time since, will lead to another debate on the question of which must be the pre ponderant power. The republicans do not wait for an amnesty to allow them to present themselves as candidates for election, but in a letter written by Ledru R Alin, dpropos of the last affair in June, he and his friends offer them selves for re-election, thereby caning on the people to quash the sentence of the Criminal Court of Versailles. The Mcmiteur contains a report from the minister of the interior, in which M. Barrot describes the state of the 6th military division, and iu which he admits that the state of siege cannot be maintained. This military division, however, requires a more vigorous administration than others, and therefore he proposes to send M. Lacoste as commissioner, with full powers to act in the matter. The report is followed by a decree appointing M. Lacoste, signed by Louis Napoleon. It is a mea sure which will raise a great cry in the press most probably. It is a step towards greater centralisation of the active governmental powers, and it erects a portion of France as it were into a separate pro-con sulate, of which the chief is invested with full power. said Goedeedse had declared that he could • procure for the , polies authorities several important papers which would lay bare the treasonable plans of several of the leaden of the democratic party • but required a promise from him (Herr Hinkeldey) that the parties in whom hands these papers were should not suffer by their diselesiog them. As prod dent of polies he had made that promise, and sewed them that he should not be punished. Upon hick the informs- I tion was immediately rendered. Upon being einnstiened by the President whether he toosOeted himself empowered to do so, the President of Pollee replied, Certainly ; I only do my duty in pro. seising to let those go unpunished who moist me in discover ing the plans which are still being concocted between here and Pads." He afterwards exclaimed with great violence, " I am responsible only to my superiors in office." I must remark here, that the English . practice of permit- ting a man to turn '• King's evidence,' has hitherto been unknown in Prude, and that the King alone had the power of promising life to any concerned in criminal accusations ; and sinee.the pubbeation of the constitution It is very doubtful, whether this right mill exists, and if so, in whose hands 1 Nevertheless, Herr von Hinkeldey has token it into his own hands. In reference to the extraordinary escape of the accused Ohm from the house, and from the very room of the president of the police, Herr von Hinkeldey explained that he was coin pelted, by most urgent official bruin's. ' to leave Ohm with Ooedsche, neither of whom he found, when he returned to his room. Here is evidently, first of ell, neglect of duty and careless less on the part of the president of police ; and secondly, the further offence, that he neither arrested nor accused the mas, though he knew him perfectly well, who assisted the prisoner to escape. I must add here, also, that Herr Ooedsche gave the following explanations respecting the escape of Ohm ; that when he found Ohm a prisoner in the house of Hin keldey, he reminded the latter that he had pledged his word of honour that Ohm's safety should not be compromised, and th it therefore he ought to oe set free; that Hinkeldey re plied, " If you will undertake the reeponsibility." and at his request had then left him (Ooedsche) alone with Ohm. I need not allude to the impression created by the conduct and explanations of Herr von Hinkeldey ; many persons who are the supporters of the ministry declare that he ought to be dismissed at once. After Hinkeldey came Herr Ooedsche. This witness, after indulging in a long account of terrible conspiracies, each of which was more remarkable than its predecessor, and having uttered a tirade of such immense nonsense that even Waldeck was compelled to laugh, was subjected to a close examination. The witness showed himselt sly and cunning his replies were for the meet part indirect, and be ender, voured at every occasion to return to his discoveries of fright. ful conspired... To all appearance he is himself the soul of the plot invented to sacrifice Waldeck. Out of the many details of this examination, in which numberless con• tredictions were apparent between the evidence of the win nen end of the accused Ohm, and between the evidence given at the present and at former examinations hy the witness himself, I will only mention one fact, that it a letter from Ohm to Ooedsche, which has been discovered, there occurs the following ; " A letter will reach you from we that handwritirg." With the examination of this witness the proceedings of the court tor the day terminated. Tomorrow the examine don of the witnesses will be proceeded with. A number of former deputies have been summoned as witnesses for the defence ; many of them from the most distant parts of the kingdom—one of them from the Russian hounder,; and another from Trier. The well known figures of these men ; excited general interest. to conviction, we should bays little fear that the reason and merits of this case would weigh with the CHANCELLOR Or THE EXCHEQUER. The amount which the revenue receives from the duty upon soap is really comparatively trifling. It averages in the gross say 1,000,0001. a year ; but from this onefuterge, or 250,0001, is to be deducted as drawback repaid directly to exporters and consumers. Suppose we take the net revenue at an average of 750,0004 there is still to be deducted the poste of collection, which are an enormous per centage upon this receipt. We suppose that twelve per cent., or nearly 100,0001. a year, may be sent upon revenue officers and prosecutions in this single branch of excise revenues. The real income, therefore, which the Exchequer would have to abandon by abolishing the excise upon soap would be little more than half a million. A good government, locking at the restrictions upon trade which this duty presents, would certainly endeavour to provide this amount of revenue from some other source, even if it were utterly impossible to save it from the national expenditure. But there is a special reason besides the removal of restrictions upon trade which should weigh witb the government in this matter of soap. The 'Excise, in receiving the revenue, engage themsel tea to perform a certain duty towards those who pay it. It is not much they engage to do for any one : but in the cue of the soap basks, they do pledge and promise them selves that they will protect the honest dealer spainat the competition of the fraudulent. This is their part of the compa.it. Toe honest dealer pays his duty under the excise engagement that he shall be pro tected. Does the excise protect him? In 1841, when the Excise Law was consolidated and improved, an admission was made by the Excise that they had b:en utterly unable to check those frauds in the soap trade, to which the high rate of duty held out so potent a temptation. Did the new bill either remove the temptation or diminish the facilities for fraud? On the contrary, it perpetuated the high rate of duty, and by legalising certain im provement' in the manufacture, et increased the diffi culty of detecting the smuggler. Formerly the process of manufacturing soap was of two or three weeks duration, and refuse or waste was produced equal to about ten hundred weight for every ton of soap made. It was comparatively easy, there fore, for the Excise to ascertain the quantity of soap manufactured; and an additional difficulty presented itself to fraud in the difficulty experienced in disposing of the refuse or residuum. But what is the case now ? By the use of iron, instead of wooden frames, soap can be made, according to the temperature of the weather, in three or four days, instead of u many weeks. Toe substitution of soluble alkalis for kelp and built', in manufacturing the lees, has also brought down the quantity of refuse to almost nothing —so that there is no means of judging by the resi duum what quantity of soap has been manufac tured in a copper. The difficulty of the Excise in detecting fraud is, therefore, greatly enhanced, whilst the temptation to the fraudulent remains the same as it ever was. The Excise in 1841 etgsged with the soap trade to use increased vigilance for the purpose of detecting fraud. And this no doubt they have done. But the Excise cannot alter human nature. They cannot prevent secret complicity with the dishonest on the part of their ill-paid and over-worked officials. These excisemen probably get from 801. to 1201. a year for a , labour which engages their whole time in the boiling house of a soap-factory. Why that officer must be something more than ordinarily honest who will not oetwionally count eleven instead of a dozen frames of soap where it is worth the owner's while to pay him ten or twenty, or even fifty guineas for so slight an error or ant of inattention. And a frame of soap, it will be recollected, may hold from 10 to 14 tons, pay ing a duty ad nearly 151. per ton, or from 1501. to • 2001. a frame. It is a very little while ago that the daily papers contained an account of the seizare of an extensive soapery by the Excise, of which they previously had had no legal cognisance. It appeared by the books of that concern, that its owner or owners had been carrying on for several years a considerable export trade in soap. Upon every ton of soap which they exported they, of coarse, had received the drawback : thus taking from the Exchequer 141. 14s. a ton for soap which had never paid a farthing dn'y. This was the perfection of in genious smuggling, and shows the incapacity of the Excise to collect the revenue it professes to obtain. Into certain manufactures—those, more especially of cotton, linen, flax, and wool, the use of soap enters very largely. A drawback is allowed by government upon all soap used in these various ma nufacture,. Now it is very remarkable that whilst the consumption of them, manufactures hu more than doubled itself in the last ten year., the qusntity of soap used in these trades hai increased only at the rats of about 43 per cent. The cause of this, to a very considerable extent is the use of substitutes.l Cocoa nut oil is cheap, English alkalies are admirabll pure. Toe two combine with perfect facility, and if 1 they are inferior in any respects to well-made soap, the untaxed subs'itnte has at least the ad ventage of economy and convenience. We cannot better show the injurious operation of the soap tax than by referricg to the in direct effect it has upon these manufactures. Take the cue of the calico printer. There are houses in the calico prEting trade that receive from the Exchequer from 5001. to nearly 1,0001, a year, in the shape of drawback on the soap which they consume. This drawback, however, is payable annually only, whilst the purchase of maple probably made monthly, or even with greater frequency. Wily, of course, the loss of the interest upon this money must be charged to the consumer. So that even in purchasing our calicoes we are paying a duty upon soap. But, it may be said, the cotton-printer, if he pleases, may manufacture his own soap. Very true—he may: and many of the larger calico printers could save 20 per cent. by taking that course. But calico printers know better than to put themselves under the Excise. Twenty years have not elapsed since their own trade was emancipated from its shackles, and they have no desire to have another visit from the supervisor and inspector. Besides, the Excise stipulate. that if a calico printer, or other manufacturer, sets up soup-making for himself, he must himself consume all the soap he makes. And they go further than this. They lay it down not only that he shall make no more than he wants, but that he shall make no less! For, say they, if you should happen from accident or other cause to have less of your home made soap than you require, then if you send out and buy a few tons to supply your deficiencies, remember, we shall allow you no drawback what ever upon that ! There is &mother anomaly in this trade. Under the plea of securing the revenue, the licensed soap -1 maker is excluded from the preparation of perfumed soaps. This branch of the trade, which is particularly open to fraud, is permitted to be car ried on solely by perfumers, who melt and remanufac tare the soap, adding thereto such essential oils as may be required previous to their moulding it into the forms in which it is sold. The per timrs, who thus become in reality soap-makers, ens *sly occasionally inspected by the Excise. Doe anybody suppose that the perfumer does not Oplidosally melt a little grease of is urn in his per nning-pan, just to give his soap a little consistency? If such be not the case, all that can be said is, that it is difficult to account for the change which takes place la certain descriptions of perfumed soaps between the pedal of their leaving the soapboiler and being ex posed by the perfumer for sale in his shop window. Unfortunately there are—there can be—no etatis ities of fraud by illicit manufacture. This, however, we do know : that instead of increasing with the opa -1 kw and the comforts of the people, the consumption of map, as shown by the excise, has diminished daring the last twenty years in proportion to the population. Is further proof required that this is in consequence of the extension of illicit trading, and of the inability of the Excite to protect the honest dealer? For our own parts we think it clear that, despite of all their " pains and penalties," the Excise duty on soap is a premium and an encouragement to the fraudulent, whilst to the honest and industrious it is a snare, a trap, and too frequently a legalised mode of robbery. than a I The Times, in a leading article this morning, an nounces that the Neptune ts to be sent with the con victs from the Caps to Van Diemen's Land. On their arrival there the convicts are to receive conditional pardons, with the exception of Mr. Mitchel. PARIS. Dammam 3.1 For Account rioirey. I:Opening Illigtiesg. Lowest. Ceasing. 3 par Cents. 67 35 157 33 ST GS 37 33 57 50 3 per Cents. 9O 20 90 20 90 70 90 20 90 60 5 do. New Loan „ n n n n le per Cents. .' n n n n 4 per Cents. 7 025 II 19 n n Exahange on Logsdon : 80 dm, 33 SO; SO days, 2516. aiderlan,S, 11140 Do. 3, 1842 Do. 4ii Do. 24 — Bank Shares Boosan.—Paris and Rouen, 539 ; Rouen and Hawn, 232 50; Avignon and Marseilles, 220; Strasbourg awl Basle, 102 50 ,• Centre (Vser4on), 305; Bordeaux, 40 2 30; North, 443; Nes and Stms.. Bourg, 307 30; Tours and Nutt., 277 60; (Moans, 740; Versailles (right bank), SIO ; Vereallke (leR bank), 170. ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—The Giornale di .Roma, of the 22nd, announces the departure of General Rostolan and M. de Corcelles for Portici. Don Luigi Sentarelli, a priest, who in September last had escaped from the prisms of the holy office, has been re-arrested at Rome. The Rome and Frascati Railway line has been granted by the government commission to a company under the name of " Societe, Pia-Latins. GERMANY. THE TRIAL OF WALDECK. Our Berlin corresponclant mends as the following report of the second day's, with the conclusion of the first sitting of the court and jury who are trying Wal deck : 13stuax, Nov. 29. The examination having been concluded, Waldeck ad dressed the court in his defence, in a speech which lasted nearly two hours ; his speech was a master piece of cool, clear and perfectly objective description. Even his political opponents declare that he before spoke so well and so effectively. The mere contrast between the diffuse, vapid, and lying oration of his predecessor, and this practical, cutting speech uttered with the calmness of a good consci ence, should be sufficient to decide the verdict of the jury. Walceck oommenced by expressing his indignation at the mode of proceeding adopted towards him; the accusation against him was wanting in precision, and had been dragged out to an unreasonable length, in consequence of which sub- juts most foreign to the ease had been introduced. The question of the genuineness of the D'Ester letters had been inquired into only at the end of the preliminary examina tions, though the whole accusation turned upon them. The accusation was, in fact, without example in the annals of justice ; be was made responsible for the whole his toryof the last year and a half. Entering into the various particulars of the accusation, Waldeck proved the spunousness of the D'Ester letters; his relation to D'Ester had been merely that of • parliamentary soi lage» • the only thing which could possibly be proved agaiesiD'Ester as high treason, was his particip•Con in the revolution in the Palatinate, which occurred at a time when be (Waldeck) was already in prison. The journey to Dres den, in which he (Waldeck) was said to have joined the conspiracy, had lasted only three days, was a mere journey of pleasure ; one of the days he employed in an excursion into Saxon Switzerland, and another in visiting the many galleries of paintings in Dresden. He declared that he had never spoken • word with Ohm, and did not even know him. Waldeck then turned to his own political proceedings subsequent to March ; he defended his democratic principles and the part which they compelled him to take in the parliamentary proceedings. The practical cbjects of the republican the ories of the extreme left he declared to be proved by the adoption of the constitution of the 6th of December, which had resulted from the labours of the National Assembly, of which be had borne no small part. He had never been a member of a club because he believed that it would en. danger the independence of a representative of the people. He had not withheld his ad vice at the meeting in November; bet bad openly declared to the leaders of the national guard that a »pre. mutative of the people had nothing whatever to do with the executive. He vindicated his proceedings in connection with the revolution refusing the taxes, and after refuting in detail the mw of minor accusations brought against him, he con cluded with these words : " What information could I have given to the authorities. I knew nothing more than the whole world was aware of." The impression created by his speech was apparent in the solemn silence which succeeded it. The President announced that the speech was so complete and detailed that he had no further question. to ask. The Bthats.Anwalt then pat a few questions, which Waldeck answered la a calm and collected manner, and the sitting was then closed at half -pest four. The extraordinary and unexpectedly'favourable result of the first day's trial spread like lightning through the city. All the details of the nisi were discussed, and • general opinion expressed that the process must terminate in the acquittal of Waldeck. To-day the examination of the witnesses was to commence, and the number of persons prince was, if possible, still greater than yesterday. A number of ladies occupied the front seats from whence they listened with great attention to the pro. medlar for no less then eight hours. I may as well remark here that the result of to-day's pro ceedings is even more favourable then that of yesterday. It is now hardly possible to say that there Lan 'cessation against Waldeck, and the possibility is barely questioned of Waldeck being able to prove the ramifications of the whole plot spinet him, end of founding an accusation upon it against his present accusers. Only six witnesses were examined to-day, and it is there fore hardky possible that a verdict can be given before Satur day next (Dec. 1). One of these six witnesses was a most important one, no less a person than the president of the po lite, Herr von Hinkeldey. His examination was • most ' interesting scene. Herr von Hinkeldey aide his appearance with all the in , solenos and rudeness of a superior Prussian might say Russian) official. Hs began by asking, " Was steht an ihren dietitian ? " (What are your commands ?) The president of the court reminded him that witnesses were summoned to gamer questions. This somewhat hum ; bled the autocrat of Berlin, but not sufficiently to I prevent him behaving in a similar improper manner on seve ral subsequent stages of his examination ; so that the presi dent felt if called upon to remind him that he ought to behave himself differently before a court of law. Hen Von Hinkeldey was questioned as to his connexion , with the accused Ohm. The following is his characteristic explanations. Herr Ooedsehe, whose name bad been so often mentioned, and whom he knew as a faithful adherent of the King, had often made communications to the police which had subsequently been confirmed upon one occasion the BCCRSE. THE PENINSULAR MAIL. The Oriental Company's steam-packet Pacha, Cap tain John Weeks, arrived at Southampton last night, and landed her mails under the charge of Lieut. W. Perese Newenham, R.N., Admiralty agent. Her dates are :—Gibraltar, Nov. 25 ; Cadiz, 26; Lisbon, 29; Oporto, 30 ; Vigo, 30. Among her cargo are 11 packages of specie and 556 boxes of oranges. A plot had been formed against Thomar, the oppo sition press bringing against him strong charges, al though he still retains the confidence of the Queen. A ministerial crisis is the result. Three of the minis ters will, it is said, be ousted—namely, war, finance, and justice. The quarantines from all the ports in England have been reduced to three days on vessels with un susceptible articles and in ballast ; and leaving Eng land after the 6th December all vessels with the Portuguese Consul's clean bill of health will be ad mitted to free pratique. Our correspondent writes as follows : LISBON, Nov. 28. The sale of all the property, landed and personal, left by the Queen of Don John the Sixth has been advertised for the 21st inst., as well as of all the pri vate property of Don Migul. The sale of the latter appears the assumption of an act of power by a go vernment which may perhaps sooner or later be called into question. Another government ought to have interfered to have prevented so great an outrage of private right ; or at all events, so as to cause the pro duce of the sale of the prince's property to be trans mitted to him, that he might live in a foreign land as one becoming his rank. • The committee appointed to inquire into the frauds • at the Sete Cezas are still prosecuting their inquiries ; further defalcations are)found out of Seshor Paganini, , which swells his embezzlements to 27 contos of rein, • or about 6,5001. The late Baron de Folgose is also I compromised in the frauds, it is said, to the amount of about 400 come, or about 100,0001., and that an in- I fluential politician has endeavoured to avert the ship ' wreck of his effects on behalf of his widow and child. The exhibition of national industry closed on the 24th, but it is re-opened to the public on payment of twopence, a mere nominal sum, for which they receive tickets, which will entitle a successful holder of a number to receive a premium in a lottery, which is to be of the residue unsold of the exhibition ; the amount so paid for tickets is to be distributed to charitable institutions. Many individuals have dis played great philanthropy on the occasion. THE HUNGARIANS AT WIDDIN. WIDDIN, Nov. 7. I returned here this morning from accompanying Koasuth, and the last portion of the emigration, two stations on their route to Schumla. About a fortnight ago arrived, from Constantino ple, two miralant, or colonels, with inetruc.zons to convey the whole emigration from Widdin to Schumla. from Lis moment the munificent hospitality, always intended by Abdul Mejid, was carried out in a con genial spirit. In addition to the pay proportioned to the rank of the refugees, and to the rations liberally distributed since the first complaints reached Constan tinople, hourly proofs were given of the Sultan's magnificent generosity, in which chiefs, officers, and soldiers participated. Lodged in the best houses of the town, the soldiers were all clothed anew from head to foot ; and besides its being intimated that everything would be fur nieht don the road, a large gratuity to defray inci dental expenses, and proportioned to the rank of the recipients, was paid over. Every general received 5,000 piastres, and to Kos• euth 10,000 were presented, besides a new and costly trsvelliug carriage for his journey. The officers dis patched by the Porte upon this mission displayed a prhenance, forethought, and polittne-s, which would have done credit to the most polished circles of the west. Kossuth, Cunt Bsthyani, and Count Za moyski, who, without violation of oriental etiquette, could not refuse the Sultan's present, divided one portion of the gift between the Mullahs and the Greek bishop, to be applied to the relief of their res pective poor, and distributed the rest amongst the subaltern officers and soldiers. This, indeed, is the use to which, a'ter the exampixt of Kossuth, the Hun garian chiefs have all along applied the weekly pay apportioned to them by the Porte. As the Poles, Italians, and Hungarians were to commence their march in three distinct bodies, on the eve of separation a general explanation of all previous misunderstanding took place between the chiefs who came to take of the late president-governor of Hungary an aftctionate leave. Under the influence of his genius, the result, so little to be expected under the disintegrating influence of adversity, has been the complete oblivion of all political differences, and the fusion of all opinions in patriotic unison of tendency. On the morning of the 31st, the Polish legion undertook its march, under the military command of General Vysocki, but headed by Count Zamoyski, to whom the consent of the Polish portion of the emi gration has been awarded by his countrymen. Gen. Vysocki, who represents the republican, and Za moyski the monarchical interests amongst the Poles, have io fact given a touching and salutary example of abnegation of personal interests and opinions for the public good. At an early hour a marquee was pitched outside the citadel of Widdin on a space of ground which, out of compliment, must be called the glacis. Here the Pasha and Turkish authorities were assembled, wait ing for Kossuth, to review the legion and the Turkish Nisam destined for its escort before it commenced its march. Kossuth and his suite made their appearance on horseback. He was dressed according to his habit in very plain civilian clothing, covered by a blue cloak, but wearing the graceful low crowned black felt Hungarian hat, adorned with the white ostrich fea ther, which was distinctive of the Hungarian generals and leaders. Old Dembinski, with his silvery beard, was in the national costume of Poland, and Kossuth% military followers in the drones of their country, from which our own uniforms have been derived, and with which the appearance of Prince Esterhazy at our drawing rooms and levees has familiarised us. Kossuth, after riding down the line, addressed an imprerdve speech to the Polish legion. All publicity and display are distasteful to the simplicity of Kos enth's ts.tes; but in particular he piques himself on never holding out a false hope, or making even an ungrounded insinuation. On this account his appear ance amongst the refugee troops was quite unwonted. He had impoliticly refused to show himself in the camp because he could not give them conscientiously any assurances of safety. On this occasion, after thanking the Poles for their services, he dwelt upon the generous hospitality extended to them by the Sultan and the Turks, but expatiated in particular on the Cheering sympathy of that great nation of the west, and on the humanity of its minister, to which, under Providence, they owed their lives. The effect of his eloquence on this impressionsVe people may be judged—prolonged and deafening cheers for Kossuth and for Hungary, such as perhaps Widdin had never beard before. Then followed cheers for Poland, and a right hearty cheer for the Sultan and the Turks. The Polish legion began its march amidst the good wishes of the Turkish population, one-third of the men lite ndly shedding tears, and all joining in the chorus of their patriotic songs. On the following day this scene was repeated by the departure of the Italian legion, under Colonel Count Monti, and which Kossuth very eloquently addressed in the Italian language. The appear ance of this legion did its commander the greatest credit; after so many disuters, marches, , and fatigues, it turned out without a n y asset- L ante of clothing from the Turks, in better and brighter order than a French regiment of the line • reviewed in the Champ de Mars. This result Colonel Monti brought about by the maintenance of an iron ' discipline, by isolating himself with his men, and sharing their fare, encamped in the midst of cholera, , in a marsh of the Danube. On the Thursday, Gen. Bem, or Mound Puha, embarked in a government L steamer on the Danube in great state. The two other renegade generals, the gallant Kmettel, a magnificent specimen of a Hungarian, and Stein, a short, fat, and fair German, a very questionable acquisition to the Turks, since he was avowedly on the point of making propositions to the Russians—quitted Widdin by land with all due honours, accompanied by a large mod, and the re mainder of the converts to Islamism. After all he foss that has been made of their numbers, it consisted in Coto of 98. As a great prejudice had been excited, there were few there to speed them on their way ; but Kossuth, I believe, • little to their surprise, rode down and took of them all a grateful and affectionate leave. On the ensuing Saturday Kossuth and the Hun garians quitted Widdin. This of course was the great day, and the same ceremonies described at the departure of the Poles was repeated. One thing which seemed much to impress the Turks was the frantic enthusiasm with which all these refugees whom they had seen so dejected, were inarired by the anpeerance and words of Kossuth. A striking and affecting episode was his touching allusion to and their lament over 320 of their number, who had died e cholera, or from previous wont& diving their sojourn at Widdin. A hundred waggons, a guard of honour for Kos @nth, and an escort of four hundred cavalry had been provided by the Turks. Kossuth, heading the co lumn, rodo side by side with General Perrzel and Count Casimir Batthy, any, who wore on his arm a black crape. in mourning for the execution of his cousin. The fact and manner of that nobleman's death have now united in Count Casimir all the suffrages whose aristocratic predilections hscl induced them to think feasible an arrangement with the House of Hapsburg. Two ladies only, the Countess Batthyany, and the Counters Dembinski, accompany the emigration. Alter four hours' march the emigrants halted for the night in a small village on the bulk of the Danube, and last night reached another station six milts further on the road to Seh4mls. Nothing could exceed the kindness or goodwill of the dilihomedan population in both these villages. They st enuously retu-e all payment for their hospi tality. Tire very women, veiled to the eyes, quit their harems, and rush in crowds to see the renowned Magyars and the "great Kossuth" pass by. The peculiar circumstances of the sojourn of the Hunga rians at Widdin have done the work of a cintury in neuttalising the seemingly intractable prejudices of the Islamites. Here, on my return to Widdin, where' everything is again dead, du'l, and silent, the Turks volunteer their friendly greeting and inquire with deep interest after their departed guests. here is hardly a Turk in Widdin who has not picked up a few words of Hungarian. This circumstance so difficult to reconcile with their habitual &Wain for the language of the giaour is, perhaps, mainly to be accounted fur by the impression which has gone abroad amongst them that the Ma rare belong to their own race—an impression the Magyars reciprocate, and which in the future may not be barren of results. G. nerd Damianitch (from an officer of whose staff we publish the following letter) was hanged on the 6h of last month at And. Damianitch, a Hungarian Serb by birth, served before the war broke out as captain in the Austrian infantry. He was one of the bravest and perhaps the ablest of the Hungarian generals. It was his habit in the hottest fire to urge his soldiers on by the remark, " Never fear, you see they cannot hit me, and I eta twice your size." On quitting the B►nat upon one occasion, he addressed a remark ,b!e proclamation to the Servian population in which after reminding them of their former cruelties which had made him utterly ashamed of the race to which he had the misfortune to belong, he threatened if they ventured to hurt a hair of the heads of anv Magyar or German families to exterminate them all on his return, and then blow out his own brains that the last Serb might cease to pollute the soil of Hun gary. Hanged last of his companions he turned to the officials presiding at these executions, and said banteringly, " You know my friends that before the enemy I was always first, why here the last." WIDDIN, Ocronan. 29. TO YAJOR-OBNERAL [MIRROR BOUTOURLINII, CHIBP OP THE bTAPP TO P. X. PRINCE PASKIRWITCH. General—After the capitulation of General Giirgey he addressed a despatch to the garrison of Arad, ordering it to place itself under Russian protection. A council of war wan held in consequence, at whi h it was determined to hold out against the Austrians to the last, but to open negotiations with the Russian Genets! Rudirer. _ . You, general, were under these circumstances sent from the head-quarters of Prince Paskiewitch to Arad, and with you I personally entered into nego tiatiocs on behalf of General Damianitch and of the garrison. You must remember the assurances you gave and the promises you made on that occasion. They were of a nature so positive and solemn as to induce me to invite you into the forms?, and to inspire us all with confidence in you. If your memory fails you I accurately recollect, and prop se here to recall the exact tenour of your words. _ After assuring us of the sympathy of your Emperor with the Hungarian nation, and of his willingness and desire to shield us against Austrian persecution, you guaranteed to us that we should remain under Russian protection till a complete amnesty was pro claimed by Austria, and further the: retention of our baggage, personal property, and arms. We surrendered on these assurances, and in full reliance on the protection of Russia. We could not doubt the honour of your Emperor as pled4ed through the accredited representative of his commander—we could not doubt a soldier's ward. Well General! do you know that in consequence of that credulity, General Damianitch, the brave com mandant of And, has perished by the hangmen's hands, and that the remaining officers who have not sharid his fate, have been sent off, stripped of every thing, as common soldiers to the army of Italy? And if you know these things, as you must know them, what have you to say to avert the universal execration which I call down on the perfidy of your Emperor if you acted by his orders, or on your own murderous duplicity, if you did not? GUSTAV. FRITS. UNITED STATES, iiiiio. AND CANADA. ' arrived from ha y2o y eb e tb s t i o,t_ seL-_ , 774. s T e h b e morningbrings Cambria, b d L r atvienr CaptainaNsSe Shannon, l e y n o o a r n n k ' n announced c e t ton to the 21st, and Halifax 23rd ult. Great loss of life had been occasioned by the r a a less manner in which steamb oa t s are navigatrdi,Z States. Indeed in ship disaste rs thi s mail is ezteei,7 prolific, as will be found by th e meagre we _ ly accounts below : tinkle The cholera bas re-appeared in the loir m - The steamer Constitution, which arrived M I S% • on 15th Nov., from New Orleans, with erai rr Z had upwards of thirty cases of cholera oti bd: 1 1 seventeen of which proved fatal before th e touched the landing. The steamer James INZ: has also arrived when a number of cues of ehol er C board. She was prohibited fro m landitg, by: public authorities, and lay on th e opposite studs, river. The cholera had also agai n ma d e its sioi,e, ant* at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Toe moet interesting news in connexion sei,h o ,. foreign poll( y of this country is f rom Nicaregu.4z.. dates from Leon are 12th and 19. h Ocola t Kith intelligence that the contract for the ship e ga d been unanimously ratified by both houses o f e h ei. ' lature, and has boc-ome a law. Sr, a l so , hesh ,4 treaty f " Alliance, friendship. commerce, lA ,* lion, and protection." The Nicaraguans are overjoyed at the unexpected consequence they have sr l p i i i , d, and the minister of Foreign Affairs, M. addressirg the Chamber, claim, d that the " ide dut , of principles and interests between this country grl the United States of North America, must ose d a uni , e them in the most intimate bonds of fr a t em i and mutu - I advantage." Mr. Squ'ee hos succeeded in obtaining het the republic of Honduras, one of the confalerstr, Nicaragua, the cession of the famous island& T i in the Gulf o; Fonseca, an object of cupidity t e i°4 than one Euopean power. This rrovement what precipitsto d by the rumour that two E t yti l men of war were about to take possession of it. Ti e island of Tigre, not only commands the . gulf betas whole coast. and if the Nicaragua project stooldi e carried out this island will be invaluable to te e Am-ricaca. The rest of our intelligence from North Ametis will b 3 found elsewhere. The only important news from Canada is cas sm i. eated in a telegraphic despatch announeirg Chit t h e Quebec Mining Company hiving re'ustd, or b e i m . unahle,to pay the Indiana for the land they pa r 4,,,i of them, are naily in expectation of an attack. n u* , hundred Indians and thirty whites, with threepass of cannon, were on their way b the miner, la serious conetquencea were apprehended. SHIPWRECKS AND EXPLOSIONS. —T6O HUNDRED LIVES LOST. A telegraphic despatch reached New York the right before the Cambria started, stating that ths steamer Louisiana blew up on the lath Nov., just u she was starting from the wharf at New Orleam, while cr.awded with passengers, nearly twa Misdeed of whom suffe'ed. The scanty particulars of thi s catastrophe obtained by electric telegraph from New Orleans are gleaned from the papers. Nzw ORLIANS, Nov. 16, As. A terrible steamboat explosion occurred here list evenir g. The steamer Louisiana, bound to St. Lang, when about starting from her wharf, burst both ha boile-s, shattering her to atoms, and al-o badly iojnr. ing the steamers Storm and Batons, that were Ipst alongside. The Louisiana was crowded with pus* gets, as were ulso the other two, which had jet arrived. It is supposed that, altogether, 160 lien were lost, besides many wounded. Already 50 deed bodies have been recov:red. The Levee is stream with the dead and dying, and hundreds of one citizens are around the melancholy scene, render. ing all the a-estance in their power to those in whom a spark of life remains. Deed bodies, legal, arms, and heads are scattered every direction, and the eight presented is most awful. It is at present impossible to ascertain the names or number of those who are lost. As soon as they can be collected I will forward you another despatch. Nov. 17. Captain Kennon, of the steamer Louisiana, has been arrested, and held to bail in the sum of 8,000 dollars. The explosion having been attributed to carelessness, a searching investigation will shortly t,ke place. Many more dead bodies have been found, The number of killed, it is believed, will reach 200, besides many dreadfully wounded. The flags of the shipping are all at half-mast. They were meetly emigrgauts, cn their way to settle in the Western country. Nov. 18. Another steamer called The Belle also exploded ea the day after between New Orleans and Mobile, by which the engineer and several hands were killed, and several others more or less wounded. A third steamer called St. Paul, bound from St. Louis to New Orleans, struck a log off Hodc Island on Sundry, the 18:h of November, and sunk to her main deck. Fourthly, the packet-ship Tuscarora, Capt. Turley, from Liverpool for Philadelphia, went ashore about 5 miles south of Cape Henlopen main lighthouse, on the same day. She sailed from Liverpool on the 13th of October, is heavily laden, and has between foot and five hundred passengers. The crew left the vs gel by means of a rope fastened to the shore from the foremast. On Monday her main and mizen mane were cut away and she was abandoned. The fifth disaster happened on the lath ult., whea the new steam-ship Eudora, which left New York fee Rio Janeiro and California, sprung a leak when two days out, and went ashore on Ludlam beach, mu Cape May on Thursday, and discharged her cagoia surf-boats. She is valued at about 50,000 dam ) and the cargo about 20,000 dollars, which was pried• pally insured in Wall-street. Assistance will be mat to her immediately from New York. It was feared that some misfortune had happened to a sixth vessel, the Columbus steamer, from Ph& delphia to Cnarleston. She was considerably ova. due, and was last seen disabled off Cape Hatteras. COMMERCIAL INIELLIGENCE. (From the New York Courier and Inquirer.") NEW YORK, Nov. 19. COTTON. -The 'ilea since our lass, p'r Hibernia, 14th Inst., amount to 3,400 bales. The market, which was dull prior 6 the receipt of the America's advice', became subeequently dememi W unmated, holders evincing much anxiety to realise, elm es lore of two to three dollars per bale on their late receipts from Stria ' nab and Charleston. It is difficult to fix the price at which ,s i 3 r el would operate freely; their view appeaes to be to wilt the cffeet d the Liv rpool market of :be decline on this side, advised perCaledeens and the favourable weather (during the picking moon), and carer re quently incas d estimate of crop advised per Niagara, Hibernia. Thus far a decline only of # to 1 c. has been esta t blTlA our quotations at toot arc nominal. tie have no later table of and exports than last adelsed,but we know the receipts continua basal at southern ports, and that the determination of pl int• re to reins • unchanged. On the subject of crop, the New York c,timate Is to 2,'00,000 hales. When we elate that this is the New Vrt. estimate, we do not wleh to be understood to convey the ides 004 , the public believe in this estimate; but that it Is the one put formrs to produce the effect desired on prices. We adhere to our Fri: one opinion, 2,100,000 bales; but are prepared, notwithsUnarm to see lower prices resulting from the accumulation of early reanei at southern ports. Florida and N. O. Teem, Upland. and Motels. Inferior 9l to - 9 i to -„ Ordinary to good ord. I fie to 9k • et lv Mid. to good mid. Mid. fair to fair Fully fair to fine - toun.-Since the sailing of the last steamer, the market remained in a dull state for the common and inferior kinds, 5, 4 ti* the ordinary fall demand for the better sorts of which the receiptalff leas plenty. The export trade isextremely light, and confined WO to Cmadian in bond, amounting for the week ending on the 1311, 0,800 brie. Our quotations are for Canadian in bandit dole. Tin; inspected and line, 3 dole. to 4 dol.. 311 e. ,• common state anti tea's we-tern, 4 dole. 624 c. to 4 dots. 75e. • straight state and good tern, 4 dole. Ise. to 4 dots. 94c. • good Michigan, 5 dots to 5 oo : 121 e. ; Ohio, 3 dole. 25c. to I dole. 75c. • fair Genesee. 5 dots. IV . ' 3 duls. 25e. Southern kinds, dole. 25;. to 3 dole. 4k. for W'S wine Baltimore, Georgetown, and Fetersburgh city. Ere flour at 2 viols. 87M. to 2 d01e.91c.,• and corn meal, 3 do's. 61c. to 3 . 0. • 12 e. for Jersey, and 3 dots. 25e. for Brandywine. eette.-For wheat the demand is steady, with sales of Gen tile. to 1200. Ohio is held at 105 e. to Ilk.; Canadian, 106 c. to ink.; common and inferior Western, ioe. to lle., quality. Rye is held Barley at 60e. to 6040. Oats are rather better, at to 4k. for Western. is less plentiful, and brings6oc. toi2 Indian corn has declined a trine; mixed western, 62c. to 6 3 e 4 yellow, 63c. to 6k.; round yellow, 64e. The exports to E010 nd ....,. 5 ' Ireland far the week ending on the 13th that., consist of 168 0 ma.. of wheat, and 13,073 halals. corn. Fueearrs are dull ; the rates are to Liverpool for cotton 7- 321 .. 14 per lb.; flour, le. 6d. per bbL ; grain in bulk, 314. to id. per bg-lalf: corn and wheat respectively. To London, Is. 6d. per Dbl. foe o r . and other articles in proportion. To Havre, cotton te. per lb. at A MICR. -The market is dull; moderate eales of sots are 10 %... 7 dots, and pearls at 6 dole. 25e. to 6 dots. 31je. per 1001 M. so• stock in the inspection warehouse is as follows : 111 4 Pot. Pearl. sag First Port Second sort Third met B2 ... IA ••• Condemn:el Stock Nov. 17, 134 ....... 757 8,041 ... S5 OO Stock, Nov. 17, 184 e 1,173 ... 1,053 ;al I indict ! first c] Ca Bu of fot