The Express. — London, England, 1849-12-05 00:00:00

ght expreoo. OUTGOING MAILS. The mat missile for babes, theia, sad Gibesltez will be I made sp ea Doe. 7. TM sulk tea lfsrielllee, to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Calks, ladle, Hoag-Koss, &A., will be made up ea the meek( of Dee. 7. TM xis& fm British Nee* AMIniCS sad the United States will be made sp ea the eves*/ of Dee. 14. TM Wee ladle Nails, melodies bensada, Havasu, Mow Needures, New (Mesas, sad liesieo, sad iseladias • these fee Wks. Bt. .1 sia-deNiessegus , N. Granada, s ATM Pesa, Val he Moselle& ea Dee. 17. ale he Gibraltar, Malts, theme e lo , thcks Islands, Sept, Copes, lade, sad China, irk Ileathimptea, will be mak tip es UM missies ef Dee. 90. The mils for Makin. tha Brasile, sod Bowe Apes, will be made ap as Jas. 4. 11011 WATTS AT LONDON RILIDOI Tan D.—Minim Mt. Pa ihreare. lb. taa Twasaanr—ninamg, On WM— ..... Ahanses. 6 16. NI m• LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5. Fame several private letters which we have seen from ports of the Pacific, as:well as from the accounts of intelligent persons recently returned from thence, we should judge the Califon is fever—that thirst for gold and adventure, now epidemizirg the old world and the new—as by no means even eet at its height. The diggings and washiugs of the hundred and fifty thousand powerful and greedy men who have pounced upon the auriferous region, had shown no signs of exhausting it. The old bout, that there was " bread enough for all" in the new c ottinent is thrown into the shade by the actual and daily discovery of " gold enough." Three pounds sterling a-day is the average amount of a strong man's finding, or a strong man's working. And although there are tome bad chances, some obstinate wronghesds, some unlucky dogs, there are almost as many who get prizes with no great amount of labour, who stumble on what they call a pocket of gold in the cavities of the rock, and who thug repay in an hoer the labour and anxiety cf mosthe. That the tortured surface of California is, however, no bed of roses, becomes sufficiently appa rent from the anxiety of even the moat prudent and fortunate individuals to quit it as soon as they have 'gasped together, not a fortune, but the bar e com mencement of one. A man with fifteen or twenty thousand dollars thinks it high time to quit a shore where there is still such insecurity of property and life, and where, however enormous the gain, the ex ruses of ant e approach to comfort are such as to ex haust even t nu From Icrty to one hundred thou sand dollars a year is the common house rent. Commodities are, indeed, abundant and cheap, if one could but store the m,—cloth to be had fur an old song, bat costs its weight in gold to be converted into apparel. Commerce has poured a fleet of from three to four hundred vessels into the bay of San Francisco, and improvised a very Liverpool in this so lately desert nook of the Pacific ; but not one cargo in twenty has found profitable sale. Yet there have concentrated all the nomad popula tion and all the resources of the Pacific. Every European seeker of fortune has hied in haste from Chili, and Pero, and Buenos Ayres, from the Saud wich Elands, and even from the far Australia, to scratch up gold at its source. The opium clipper has deserted the Ganges and the Canton River: the shepherd from Australia, the malcontent from Hobart Town, the emigrant from New Zealand, have hied to the new El Dorado. Forty thousand Americans are expected from over the Rocky Mountain. The French government, we see, have determined on sending its de portis to the Mar quesas. In six weeks after their landing there they will be all fond in California, where they will cer tainly not find the communist principle established, at lent as far as capital is concerned. Nevertheless, the political effects of this great displacement and subsequent concentration of all the adventurous spirits of four great parts of the world are not to be overlooked. Wt en the treaty with Mexico was concluded, it was impossible to foresee that the most aggressive and unscrupulous and belli gerent portion of the Anglo-American population would be conglomerated precisely on the Mexican frontier, and tempted to regard the nook in which they were located rather as a centre of a new empire than the corner of an old one. This, however, has taken place. And it has hence become utterly impossible 0 hope that the frontier line, as drawn by the nego tiators, can stand, or can for any time be res e ected by the great popular body now in posses:ion of Ca lifornia. Already, indeed, elan are informed, the labours of the Mexican and the American commissioners charged with marking out the frontier have been in fluenced and turned from their course by the exigencies of the population around them. It has, in fact, come to the knowledge of all in California, as well as to the authorities, that the province of Sonora, just on the other side of the Gulf of California, is as rich in auri ferous soil, if not more so, than California itself. • So much the better for the Mexicans, it will be said. But, alas! the Mexicans are no longer masters of the province of Sonora, however it may geogra phically be included within their limits. It is the Indians who have become ine 4 isputed masters of Sonora, which the tribes of the Apaches overrun, and throughout which they have subjected the old Hispano-Indian population into mere serf.. Not confining themselves, as of old, to ransoming towns and villager, and taking from them their tribute of wealth and women, the Apaches are regularly settled 's feudal lords and as a conquering race over the pusillanimous and degenerate Mexicans. These latter, such of them as exist, cannot but desire to share the tate of California, and to be annexed to a brave people, who, whilst they seek gain and enforce conquest have to defend both. An expedition to Sonora from California is al ready meditated. The subjugation of the Apaches is for the Americans no difficult matter ; but to sat about the extraction of gold in this new region would be impossible, unless the territory itself, or a considerable portion of it, were American, and unless their people Finessed a free and near exit to the sea, and, in short, a port like San Francisco. To answer this requirement, it is said that the American com missioner, FRLYONT, demands that the frontier line, instead of running from near Ban Di. go up the Colorado, should, on the contrary, be deflected southwards, so as to cut off and include within the American frontier the northern tip of the Bay of Califoroia. Running across this into Sonora, and thence northward, a good " cantel" of the new auriferous region would be carved for the Americans, and would be amply paid for by them in the security which their defence would bestow on the entire of the region. We have no doubt that this project, as soon as known and beginning to be acted upon, will excite considerable stir both in the capital of Mexico and in Ragland. But for our own part we consider that when the Spanish race has shown itself so imbecile and so effete as to fall into actual subjection to the barbarous Indians, then the Anglo-American advances by right as well as by humanity. And we have neither word to say, nor feeling to entertain, of jealousy. The Anglo-Americans are certainly making tre mendous advances, and threaten, like CHAR, to bestride the world like a Cologne. Commodore Jon to their admiral in the Pacific, at a recent banquet la these seas, gave as a tout," The Two New Stars" that were soon to figure on the American flag, those of the Sandwich Islands and of Cuba. We do not know what his principals in the Navy-office at Washiogtan will say to thelatter part of his wish. But &non may supply the place of Cuba. And as to the Sand wich Islands, they are to all intents and purposes brother JO:!ATIIAN'S already. Our own eentiments on viewing this greatness are, non ineideo, magis miror. AXONOIT the parliamentary papers of last session delivered at this advanced period of the recess, is a bill "for facilitating and better securing the due ad ministration of charitable trust.," which is, in its de tails, so creditable to a government whose measures we are not very frequently enabled to praise, as to reader a notice of it a bare act of justice to mini.ters. If, indeed, this measure be taken as part of the policy which led to the issue of the new Charity Commis sion, and if, whilst this bill deals with charities of minor importance only, that commission will bestow its attention principally on such greater charitable foundations as Lord CREWE'S charity, there is at last some reasonable prospect of seeing the charitable traits of this country admioistered with integrity and economy and fur the public advantage; and the go vernment which achieves so great • reform will richly deserve the public gratitude. Sines the termination of the labours of the old charity commission there have been several attempts THE EXPRESS, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 5, 1849. to organise legal machinery for the better adminis tration of our charities; but as, in each case, the proposal involved such cumbrous and expensive @waves the establishment of a rew law tribunal, to be milled the Court of Trusts, the House of Commons 'break from the responsibility ef its cost, and &mink wisely ; for recent experience of new ends of law (with the excitption to be no ticed) has proved that the contentious hostess at of the community scarcely required them. Thu, present the amount of liminess in the Court of Chan cery is rapidly declining; and the probability is, that were a thorough revision of Chancery prooldure and forms to be made, the reduction of judicial busi ness in that court would be so great, that parliament would be enabled to diminish the number of its judges; for at present half their time and learning is occupied with qu. stions of form. The exoeption re ferred to is, of coarse, the new County Courts, which have not only acted so admirably in the recovery of small debts , which was, and still is, their main ob ject, but whose jurisdiction has been so usefully extended to the administration of insolvency, that it is now proposed to be further enlarged. The delay which has taken place in providing a better system for the administration of smaller chari ' ties, will not haveunprofitable or uneconomical, if, as this bill propene, the sew County Courts shall be the medium for enforcing the due and cheap ful filment of their trusts. For the number and the aggregate value of these charities hears no proportion to the smallness of their individual income. After the conclusion of the former charity commission, an analytical and tabular digest of the trusts they had inquired into, was prepared and printed by order of Parliament, in two large folio volumes; and in look ing over this digest, it will be found that the income of by tar the majority of charitable trusts in England is under 1001. To ensure the better administration of such charities, under the ordinary procedure of the Court of Chan cery, is to condemn them, if not to extinction, at least to serious pecuniary injury, by costs; whilst, to erect a special court of trusts would be to establish a tribu nal for the permanent occupation of which there is no reasonable prospect of providing an adequate amount et business. Thus situated, the bill before us is in tended to provide a better system for keeping the smaller charities of England right without any such exoensire agency as a new legal tribunal. It divides the smaller charities into two classes; those having an annual income of not less than 301., and not more than 1001.; and those that have an income of less than 301.; taking the estimates of their incomes from the analytical digest of the charity commissioners' report before-men mentioned. The former class it still reserves for the administration of the Courts of Chancery; the latter it confides to the care of the new county courts. But, whilst still reserving for Chancery the former, the bill proposes to dispense with informations or bills ; to substitute for them the most inexp'nsive of all equity procedures—petitions ; to refer, as of course, petitions to the Muter ; to give to Masters' orders validity without confirmation, and to get rid of the costly forms known as "states of facts" and " war rants"; in short, it will substitute the simplest mode of procedure in the Curt of Chancery for the most complex, costly, and dilatory. S), with the latter class of cases, it confers all the powers of the Court of Chancery on judges of the new county courts ; it will enab'e them to proceed, on the application of any in terested party, to inquire into the whole state of the charity, to settle and conform schemes for its better administration, to vest all the property, reel or per sonal, in the treasurers of these courts, and not by the expensive formality of long deeds, but by merely en dorsing the vestry order on the old sheepskins, and to compel the acting trustees to file their annual accounts with the clerks of the county courts, where they are to be examined by all the world gratuitously. And the expense of all this need not, if the applicant choose, exceed a few pounds : for there is no good reason why the applicant should not conduct all the proceedings before the judges of the county courts, without the expensive aid of barristers, attor neys, solicitors, or agents ; and every clause in the bill seems to have the fear of law ooh before it. All its provisions are simple and efficacious, and are quite in accordance with our general legal system —a consideration of no little practical impottance ; seeing that it has been a departure from that system on which lawyers have been able to wreck so many admirable projects of law reforms. It may indeed be urged that the limitation in amount of the awes referable to the judges of the county courts is too small ; but recognising the force of that objection, the well working of the @menet oasts by those courts will soon, we may rely on it, secure them an enlarged jurisdiction. There is, however, one limitation in the bill which ought either to be struck out altogether, ere to be fully explained. It is in the 31st section ;by which it is proposed that the previous consent in writing of the ATTOSNEY•GENERAL or of two , justices et the peace of the district in which the charily shall be administered, shall be required to enable " any per son interested in the application," to originate tiese peeseedinge in the county courts. This restriction is very unwise. For, in the first place, it deprives a man of his common law fight to seek redress be wrongs done in that which he is inte rested, and makes that riAht dependent on the whim of the ATTORNET-GENEIIAL, or, worm still, two justices of the peace. Upon ever, known principle of law or morals, this restriction is untenable. But, in the next place, any restriction is foolish : for, in the great majority of cases of charita ble abuses, correction and better administration is en sured by the exertions of persons who are in no way legally "interested" in their reform. And the safest way to prevent improper applications would be to mulct malicious or litigious applicants in costs. The object of the bill is so excellent, and with this exception the details are so welt calculated to ware its object, that the public will expect its enactment next session with the least passible delay. In the meantime the increasing importance of the County Courts, and the prospect of still further augmentation of their powers, render the appointment of compe tent persons as their judges most important and a matter to be closely watched. Hitherto the pablio have no reasonable complaint to make on this head; and the nomination to ajudgeship of so good &lawyer and so excellent a man as Mr. Serjeant DOWLING is proof that the government feels the responsibility which the patronage involves. Assembly seems highly favourable to Louis Napo leon's attempt at extra-parliamentary government and there are few people of note or polities, whether hostile or not to the President. who do not see that he insucceedieg in his intentions. Even M. Thine and M. Guizot admit that France is now destined to pees tbrcogh a Napoleon phase Brae. The Mountain, desirous of learning . something positive as to the truth of certain expressions used by the President of the Republic in the course of an ad dues to the prefers, had charged one of their body to put questions on the subject. Accordingly, after the law on the naturalisation of strangers had passed, M. Bair rose and addressed the Minister of the Inte rior, but that gentleman would give no answer to the . sad the questions were postponed till that Rthree months. vidently the cause of this vote is to be found in the fear of precipitating a conflict. The legitimists, who more than ever are ready to show their dissidence from the majority, and who no doubt would oppose themselves in a body to the prolongation of power to Louie Napoleon, are annoyed at the vote of yester day. The Union, one of its organs, says this morning : In adjoarniog for throe months the interptllotions of M. Bee, the majority clearly refused rov to hear th em e . .m We de not blame thie refusal ;we even appe of modatn of the majority ; but we desire in return that the government shall also know how to appreciate it. If the chamber thinks right to give a new pledge of its love for order, for good her lam between the rat powers, the cabinet and the Elyeee iambi on their part give equivalent pledges. Let them hasten then to *tram the palatal impression produeed by the words ascribed to M. Bonaparte. That is • satisfaction which has become necessary, a satisfaction which the country and the chamber have the right to exact. - - - It is not probable that the request of the Union will be acceded to. In the Assembly to-day, a motion for ordering the liquidation of the debts of the late civil list to the state was negatived. There was no other proceeding worthy of notice. The table of the credits put down in the estimates of 1849 was hung up yesterday at the Assembly. The total value of the credits already voted amounts to 1,653,349,387 f., whilst the total of the receipts is only 1,411,732,017 f. In adding the credits applied for, and not yet voted, amounting to 32,053,733 fr., and the non-valeurs, for additional registration and stamp. datii s, calculated at neatly 16,000,000 fr., the deficit for the present year will amount in round numbers to 289,600,000 fr. When the pardoned insurgents of Jute arrived at Havre, one of them cried. " Vive la Republique Demo critique et Societe!" He was immediately separated from the rest, and sent back to Belle-Isle. The Journal d'Elbeuf says :—" At toe market of Newbourg on Wednesday, and at that of Elbeof the day after, the conversation turned principally on measures taken by the authorities of the department of the Eure to put down the propagation of socialist doctrines in the country districts. Among other facts, it was stated that the mayor of one of the prin cipal communes in the canton of Amfreville bad been suspended by the prefect for negligence in the per formance of his duty. BOURSE. BELGIUM. BRUSSELS, Use.% Thif Nonileur Beige publishes an official aesonat the commerce of Belgium during the year 1848. The general official value of the imports and e during 1848, was 631,600,000 L, being a decre z in 14 per cent. compared with lest year, bat a 'light increase compared with the average of the five pending years. In that sum, the general imports hr hone consumption, direct conveyance in &amass MI he the entrepots, are set down at 333,700,000 E, sod the general exports at 297,900,000 f., being 15 per cent. less than in 1847, but 2 per cent. more than the average of the preceding five years. The official value of the imports for home consumption is declared at 222,600,000 f., being 4 per cent. less than in 1847. The exports of Belgian produce show a falling off of 12 per cent. compared with 1847, but an increase of 1 per cent. compared with the five pre ceding years. Compared with 1847 there has been a felling-off in the number of Belgian vessels inwards of 14 per cent., and of foreign ships of 21 per cent. On the other hand there has been in the vessels outwards an in crease of 18 per cent. for the former, and of 13 per cent. for the latter. With regard to importations and exportations by land there has been a decrease of 3 per cent. in the former, and of 23 par cent in the latter. The country with which Belgium has the most extensive commercial relations is France, the next Holland, the third England, the fourth the Zollverein portion of Germany, and the fifth Boards—the value of the general commercial relations (imp3rts and ex ports) with the first being 86,800,000 f., of which 49,000,0001. are for exports to that republic; with the second, 64,500,000 f. (26,600,000 f. for exports) • with the third (England), 55 , 800,000 1 . ( 26,700,004 for imports into Belgium, and 29,100,000 for exports to England); with the fourth, 42,400,000 f. (for ex ports, 22,400,000) ; and with the fifth 16,000,000 f. (only 600,000 f. for exports). With the whole of America the commercial relations amount in value to 42,600,000 f. (4,600,000 f. for imports). According to the official and permanent rate of value, the vales of the importations into Belgium from England during 1848 was 38,700,000 f., and that of the exportations from the latter to the former country 31,500,000 f. According, however, to the new basis of value, the exportations to, exceed the imports from, England by 2,400,0001., whilst that basis presents a difference of 7,200,000 f. compared to the one drawn up in 1833. The official value of the goods (imported from England) which are destined for-home consumption is 10 per cent. less than that of 1847 and 7 per cent. less than for the five years ending 1847. Raw mate rials figure for 19,700,000 f. amongst the articles for home consumption ; colonial provisions for 145,000,0004, and manufactured good. for 4,500,0004 In 1847, the relative figures were 17,900,000 f., 18,100,000 f., and 6,000,000 f. The falling off has been chiefly in corn, rice, woollen stuffs, cloths, oleaginous grains, and raw sager. On the other band, tt ere has been an increase in raw salt, manure, and woollens. At no period have our exportations to England been so great, exceeding by 99 per cent those of 1847, sad by 132 per cent. the average value for the preceding five years. In those figures are included 12,600,0001. for raw materials, also 12,600,000 f for pre- visions, and 6,300,000 f. for manufactured goods. In 1847, the relative figures were 7,100,000 E, 2,600,0004, and 6,100,0004 Corn and potatoes sloes gave rise to an increase of 9,500,000 f. Zinc, flex, woollens, and butter, furnished altogether an increase of 6,600,000 f. The general official value of the goods in transitu was, in 1848, 115,800,000 t., being a decrease of 19 per cent compared with the previous year. The Mon deur publishes, moreover, a royal ordon- Dance sliming the value assigned to goods in the table of Belgian commerce. For Mone Assiant. PARIS, Deo. 4. Toe (,Openingy. kllgbett. Lowest. Closing S per Cents. ....... 37 50 57 30 37 75 57 30 57 75 3 per Oasts.. 3 do. New Loan— „ s s s s le per Cents.— i " 4 pee Cents .l 1. 91 .• P. Knyrange on Lawton: 30 lays. 33 50; rl asp, 33 35. Seldisn, 5, 1%14 Do. 5, UM „L MI . 1 2.0. - Llll LtAn .- 5 01 D0. 1 37j „ Treararg Bonds 3 Do. 48 Booms Paris and Orions, 740 ; Paris and Roues, AM TS; Rouen and Havre, 13230; Strasbourg and Hale, 10910; Centre (Vin son,. 319 SO ; North, 441 ; Part* and Stnisbourg, 55740; Monteresn and Troyes, 110; Versailles (right bank), MO; Versailles (let amok) 170; Soroeson, 303 73 ; Toots and Nantes, MO. Maws, Nov. Z7.—Three per Cents., 1813-16 pa er. Fours, 11 ; Men 111 paper; Coupons, 7; Bank of R. Fenhcaad, 78 paper. Zuhamp on Laudon, 80.113. ITALY. ROMAN STATES.—Oar correspondent writes: ROME, Nov. 26. I hasten to communicate the intelligence of • hor rible scene which has just taken place at the Quirinal Palace, staining with blood the audience chamber of the most eminent cardinals commissioners. The case, as far as I have been able to make ont, is as follows : Soon after the institution of the Roman civic guard in 1847, it became manifest that instructors practi cally acquainted with military manceuvres would be necessary to drill the peaceable burgesses, and accus tom their hands to the unwonted nee of arms. For this purpose a number of officers were selected from regimen ts uf the line, besides several old soldiers, retired from active service, who prc seated themselves u fully capable of undertaking a similar duty. These officers were permently attached as adjutants and adjutant majors to the several battalions of civic guard, and ' , resolved the pay suitable to their rank; amongst them was an offier of the line, named Ceccarelli, who bad formerly served under Napoleon, and who was appointed adjutant to the third battalion of the Rione Colonna, commanded by , Prince Piombino. When Rome was taken by the French, Oudinot, amongst other meritorious acts, took upon himself to disarm and dissolve the civic, or, as it was then termed, the national guard, with a promise, however (which has never been realised) of re-organising it immediately. Tne adjutants who, with the exception of the musi cians and some few individuals in the administrative department, were the only paid members of the guard, found theme elves suddenly thrown out of employment by this step. Ceccarelli had a wife and family dependent on his exertions, and lost no time in applying for re-admittance to a regiment of the line, with the rank which he had previously occupied, in order to get into pay again as seas as possible ; but his repeated applications to the Mar-slacc failing to produce the desired result, he rosined to loss no more time in that quarter, pre lim*" to appeal directly to the triumvirate of m aim& for redress. His petition was drawn up, the andlemes was granted, and yesterday morning fixed for bin to attend at the Quirinal. When his turn for entering the audience-chamber came, he appears to have handed his petition, as customary, to Cardinal della (lenge, who sat at the head of the table, and after reading the document through expressed his dis approbation of its contents byjleliberately tearing it up. Irritated by ouch a contemptuous refusal, and driven to despair by the crushing of last hopes, Ceccarelli drew forth a dagger, and plunged it into his own breast, falling at the feet of the triumvirate, whose consternation at such a spectacle may be easily imagined. The rumours that immediately spread abroad in the city were, as usual, varied in a thou sand ways. According to some the three cardinals had been murdered ; according to others, only Della Ong* bad fallen victim ; and the most general version was, that Ceccarelli, in order to intimidate their eminence., had approached them with his dagger,but wu repulsed by Della Deng*, who knocked him down with a chair, and that he only stabbed himself when he saw the attendants and carbineers rush in from the ante chamber to secure him. The idea of any struggle whatever having taken place is however erroneous, nor does the official paper, in the account of the event published yesterday evening, hint at anything of the kind, although it states that Ceccarelli was imperious and impatient in his manner, and demanded a sum of money for his immediate relief. The act appears to have proceeded more from de spair than from irritation, as had be seriously medi stated an attack on the cardinal s, he moat probably would have been able to murder all three before any assist ance could have been got, since no one was present in the audience chamber save the eminences and the sup plicant. He is proved to have made every effort to procure employment in other modes as well as in a military capacity, repecially as a bookbinder, being acquainted with that trade, but in the present stagna tion of business he was everywhere unsuccessful. The official report declares that he stabbed himself, with out waiting for the cardinal's answer to his re quest, bat this is too improbable to be admitted. The result of the catastrophe was that the car bineers raised him from the ground and took him into confinement. The wound does not appear tobe mortal. A grand review was prepared for this day, and the prefect of police had announced that no carriages were to appear on the Corso, because the troops would extend from the Piazza di Venezia to the Piazza del Popolo, but the ceremony h-s not taken place. It was thought by many to be an operation meant to distract the attention of the people whilst his holiness entered the city, but the idea seems only to have originated in the circumstance of this being St. Catherine's day, the anniversary of Pio Nono's celebrated hegira. FRANCE. PARIS, TIIIIIMAT, 630 :as. The Patrie mentions the following diplomatic nominations so having been decided on : M. de Montessny, French Minister at Hanover, to replace M. de Rayneval at Naples; M. Edouard Thayer, Director-General of the Post-office, to be Minister Plenipotentiary at Madrid; M. de Persigny, to be charged with a temporary mission to Prussia, in quality of Minister Extraordinary and Plenipoten tiary. Nothing, adds the Paris, has been decided on relative to the nominations to the vacant poets at Hanover, St. Petersburg, and Vienna. M. Led= Rollin's pamphlet, entitled " The Thir teenth of June," has been seized. The official journal contained the following an- nottocement Reports wen la circulation yesterday of a disagrees's.... having anion between the President of the Republic and the ministry an the subject of the excise on drinks. This report has so more foundation than those which have bean circulated by salevolmt persons as to pretended dimensions in the cabinet itself. There has never bean any idea of with drawing the bill. Doubtless it never was intended that the tax in question should be withdrawn for the year 1850; but the question remains the same as regards a period subsequent to 1850. The president thinks be can find in a new organisation of the army reserve a saving which may enable him to do without the excise on drinks at a future period. He has already elaborated this law to a certain extent, and has submitted the homework of it to his countil. He has sent M. Briffault, one of his seeretsries, to Switzerland, to sonsult General Dufour on the subject, and to watch the debates in the Congress there on the military or ganis :tion of Switzerland. Such a plan as this must, and does, require consideration, and it is doubtful that, with all the speed that could be used, it could be so matured as to pass before the debate on the ex cise on drinks. It must be remarked, however, that this debate has been postponed either on purpose or from inexcusable neglect. The report pre-ented on the subject has not yet been printed, and cannot be distributed till Thursday or Friday next, and the debate must be delsTed at least till the 11th. This want of vigour in the GERMANY. The following Mtn is from our own corres pondent : BERLIN, Dic. I. - • I have another piece of diplomatic news to an nounce. I have received authentic information of a note which the Emperor of Russia has sent to an ex alted personage at court here, in which he speaks of the German question. He declares that he neither can nor will interfere so long as matters retain a peaceable appearance, but that in the event of hostili ties occurring he will immediately attack the party by whom they shall be first commenced. Our " good people and bad musicians " ( gukn Leuk and &decker; Bfusikanten) imagine that this is a very favourable declaration for Prussia. To me it seems at least most equivoeaL For from whom do hostilities first premed ? From those who provoke them, or from those who commit the first hostile act ? HAMBURG, Nov. 30.—The ice on the Elbe was crossed by foot passengers this morning, between Newland and Wilhelmsburg, and several hand sledges were also used. At Cuxhaven there was no ioe on the morning of the 30th ; the London mail had been landed, and was to be transmitted by land; 18 ship., with their cargoes, have been frozen in in the Eider. If this severe frost continues the navi gation must be looked upon as closed for the winter. A notice from Konigsberg of the 26:h says that 25 ships under charter parties have been frozen up there ; the greater number were destined for Eng land, and several of them were laden and ready to sail. THE TRIAL OF WALDECK. The Cologne Gaulle of the 2nd inst. publishes an account of the proceedings on the third day of this trial. We extract the following from it. The proceedings commenced at half pest nine. Several witnesses for the defence were examined to peeve the connection of Goedsche with Ohm. One of these whole= said that he had known Ohm under a different memo and hid been in the habit of carrying letters to him from Goodwin, in whose employment witness was. The same witness confirmed Ohm's a &taunt of his being the author of the notorious " llnthullungen." Another witness, the publisher of the lithograph of D'Ester, beneath which ap pears a fie simile of his hunt writing. gave evident* to the effect that the lithograph was only a partially correct imita tion of the handwriting. 'I he remaining portion of the sit ting was consumed by hearing the evidence of the parties appointed to examine and compare the handwriting of the letter in question, with other authentic papers in the handwriting of D'Ester. From their report and testimony it appeared that the handwriting . of the letter in question was in some resptets similar, but in others totally different, to the authenticated handwriting, and further that Ohm's handwriting exhibited some of loity to that of the letter. It wee further proved that the handwriting of the letter was wry similar to that of the lithographic facsimile. [ previous to the adjournment of the court for • short time the Steam An welt communicated the result of the application made by the Ober Staata Minh to the Superior Privy Tri banal of iambic with respect to the decision of the court at the first day's sitting, that the de; artment of public prosecutions could not be doubly represented at the trial. The Superior Court decided that the " Ober Stoats Anwalt " was justified in appearing before the court as public prosecutor in con juac4on with his learned inferior. The President said that when the court resumed he would communicate its decision in the matter. I When the court had resumed, the President announced that the decision of the Superior Court could only be ad mitted en the present occasion. Several witnesses were then called and examined to dis prove the statement mule by Ohm respecting the meetings which be affirmed had taken place at various cafés. These witneuee all denied any knowledge of such m. stings. The landlords of the different houses in which D'Ester lived at various times denied all knowledge of Waldeckle person, or that he had ern , visited D'Ester. This wet confirmed by the production, to the great astonishment of all present, of a public declaration, made by D'Ester before the authorities of the Canton Aargau, in which he denies that he ever was intimately acquainted with Ohm. He had become acquainted with Ohm in searching for lodgings; in which search the accused, Ohm, had intruded his assistance ; and his conduct hal been so suspicious that he (D'Ester) had regarded it as a mut solemn duty to preserve the utmost caution in all his conversation with bin ' • and he finally declared that he had never written a ' , ogle letter to Ohm. The porter of the house in which Waldeck lived denied ever having seen Ohm there. Thetesiimony of the witnesses examined respecting the event of the so-called Major's right, the consultation at the Café Baviere on the night of the 11th Nov., when the dissolu tion of the national guard was ordered, in no wise tended to inculpate Waldeck. Their evidence proved that Waldeck bed spoken with the greatest possible caution and care on that occadoc, and that he had only used expressions similar to " every one should know what he ought se do." At this point of the proceedings the sitting of the court was ad:oar:led until the fallowing day. The examination of the witnesses will then be concluded. Our Berlin correspondent sends us the following account of the fourth day's proceedings in this trial : The examination of the witnesses was brought to a close to-day (Dee. 1). The ease grows mere favourable to Wal deck as it proceeds, and his acensen are gradually entang ling themselves in the meshes of the det which they wove foe his distraction. The proceedings were very interesting • to-day. The authenticity of a letter said to be from D'Ester, and which was also found upon Ohm, and which referred to a debt owing by D'Ester to a wine merchant, was entirely destroyed by th e wine merchant in question declaring that D'Ester bad wrier been in his debt. Another witness testified that he met Waldeck on the day of his arrest at one of the gates of the town, and at the par ticular hour at which Ohm declared he had met and spoken to him at a totally different spot. The servants of Waldeck also gave evidence to the effect that they bad never once seen Ohm at the house of their master. In the cross exami nation whieh was then instituted by the !Beats Anwslt and Waldeck's mantel, Ohm entangled himself is such glaring centred Mims, that his statement of having visited Waldeck many times wee reduced to one single visit, and finally he was so driven into a corner, that he declared it was impos sible for him to r, member every thing that had taken place seven months ago. The witnesses whoee evidence was then taken were all former parliamentary colleagues of Waldeck. They, one and all, declared that Waldeck had never spoken of a republic even in the private meetings of the party to which he belonged, and that he had always spoken of the democratic monarchy as their object, and the psrlisment as the arena in which the struggle wee to be made. His fellow-travellers on the journey to Dresden all agreed that the journey was simply one of pleasure, and that it was by a mere accident they had made the aequitintance of B,kunin, in a hotel in Dresden. Herr von Unruh specially testified that, in November of the put y.ar, Waldeck was opposed to an armed conflict. Another deputy of the former Provian Nati mal Assembly swore that the witting Goedsche triea to bribe him to vote with the Right party in the Chamber, by premising him three dollars ( or every minor occasion, and forty dollars for every imp- rtant occasion. Ooedsehe was able to give only a most stupid explanation to this positive testimoey of the witness. A really touching teens then ensued. An old friend of Waldeck's, an advocate of the Superior Court, was called to give evidence of the character of the accused. The witness spoke in the most expressive manner of the moral pad'' , and dignity of his friend, and the sympathy which the witness seemed to feel for the sorry position of the accused had so treat an effect upon him, that for some time he was quite incapable of proceeding with his evidence. He concluded his evidcnce with these words "It is enough to make one question the justice of the Eternal, to see such a men placed at the bar of a criminal court." I shall only notice one or two o the numerous witnesses who wt re then examined. A friend of Ohm, called by him as a whims to his own character, declared that he always considered Ohm to be a great boast r; that Ohm had only been casually acquainted with D'Ester, and that he (witness) had never once seen him speaking to Waldeck. A book seller proved :that on the day on which Waldeck was ar rested, °Gerlach° came into his chop and demanded a por trait of Waldeck, containing a fac-simile of his handwriting, that he handed him one, that while looking for some other, he perceived that Goedsche bad ;carried it to the window, aed was comparing the fac-simile with some writing on a piece of pap, r, which he hastily plead in an enveltpe as the witness approached. The evidence given by the daughter of the landlord of the house in which Ohm lived was most important. She swore that she her►elf gave to Ohm the seal with which the letters, said to be from D'Ester were sealed, and that Ohm had ex pressly asked for a seal without any particular marks upon it. The Staats-Anwalt and Waldeck's counsel both declined to call any other witnesses. On Monday the case will be summed up, and it is expected that the jury will immediately pronounce their verdict. ACQUITTAL. The Codefine Gazette, of Tuesday, in a telegraphic despatch from Berlin, announces that the accusation sg,inst Waldeck and Ohm had been dropped on Monday by the &eats-Await, and that the jury of course acquitted both prisoners. The Staats-Atealt in his speech characterised the letters said to have been written by D'Ester as the production of a knave. Waldeck was immediately set at liberty, but Ohm was detained; the Staate-Antealt announcing that t.e would be tried again for falsely denouncing Waldeck. Numerous groups of respectable people greeted Wal deck on his appearance in the street. PORTUGAL. ident writes as follows : LISBON, N o y s e As my last letter anticipated a favourable reS e 3,, the municipal elections to the governraentc ae did,L" I have now to inform you th a t th at anticipadeb7. been fully realised, the field h aving been coal I ' e h yielded to ti e ministerial party, with but ve l' re e f e ,„' exceptions. In the midst, however, of the ment caused by this triumph, and while prep were being made for the election o f parochial rities, a circumstance has ocean ( d whi c h not 0,1,Z. astounded the mit isterial party, but excited the tion of the public generally, upon whom it by the cmrpletald a deep impression, from the press haring much occupied upon it. in the shop i f g I must remark that it is the opinion of also „,;,, whom I have c' nvessed, that it is a profoundly d;; Eid scheme, not only to compromise the premiers ,y public, but to oust him altogether from f t : i t cabinet. It appears that, some time Coil, chief of the cabinet wanted an open can* nehy is called a celeche, and that he employ e d a e a , whom be bad been accustomed to empl oy f o • missions, to endeavour to find a second hand ar m of that description for him. A second-keed ones not whi c h il e h fo a u d n bd,e*bnuts stopped, efrda,mwe was s f fo o u n a c d , Senhor Antonio Nunes, which had bee „ ordered tee years since by a Senhor Figueiredo. The t ote having been eruiken to relative to it, agreed to le t t i, Count de Thomar have it for what it already c od i d „ and, b-.dog a friend of the count, both politically ad private, agreed to superintend the fitting it up. 1 4 maker being cognisant of the transaction, tue l a; o , 4 to all those he worked for, as an excuse fur delay of their work, that he was competing a caliche fur to count, to be ready by a certain day, m e . el, 29th October, the king-consort's birth-day ; the ea j ti arms were to be painted upon it. During the p es , gress of the work the c. achmaker was aoy ewhit straitened for cash, and Senhor Figueiredo la c „, ed him money : the latter knowing the day the waft would send the money to the coo rnmaker in K an of the work, requested the servant to take it At certain time, when he (Senhor Figueirtdo) would le iu the shop ; it was so done, the money was tele; and it premed into Senhor Figue ire du's Mends uti le person who had advanced the maker the ro sin to complete the transaction. Senhor Figaerey has been some time a friend of the c es, Wry. dere d him much service, especially in 1817, idea; appears, appears, he wee promise d a commends for hisezeitiry ; and it appears that promise to him has bee n e y r i e; into effect. So it appears the jealousy of theopp m , of the count has been roused into actin, mod they have put forth that the count has sold a commended the order of Christ for so much—a bribe—a cliche, which cost 1501. or thereabouts. Here you hue The I conceive to be the abridgment of the whole ak and upon it your readers will form th.ir oats * biassed judgment. P.S. '1 he ministry met to day, in presence of tie Queen, and, though the Duke de Saldanha had to the prince c me rt in his favour, the Queen, litteting to the explanation given by the Marquis de Free. teira, is convinced of the plot formed agaiust the count de Thomar, and places full confidence in him. No: withstanding, there is a ministerial crisis, Witt' said the ministers of war, finance, and justice will go out. Exchange on London, 541. Discount on Bank notes, 17 to 20 per cent. NEW YORK, Nov. 20. Our domestic news is rather interesting. Ths growth of the city of New York is one of the wet remarkable characteristics of this country. Its IF tura! advantages are very great, and these seem tots appreciated both by capitalists and mere adventure& The number of buildings going up is very large, and among these is a large proportion of princely rel. deuces. For 5,0001. a house may be purchased ins fashionable part of the town, With thirty-three feet frontage, sixty . -five feet depth, with a height of fire stories. The interior, for I have an instance in my eye, is finished in the most costly manner. The halls are paved with marble, the decorations are in the highest style of art,eittery convenience of the kitchen, of bathe, of water c!osets, of ventilation, and of heat ing is carefully attended to. This will doubtless be the residence of some Filmset& merchant, a mks atonal man, who began the world fifteen or twenty years ago without a penny. Before he takes poses sion, the most expensive carpets, mirrors, candelabra, china, aid plate, will be provided fur his comfort, a luxurious carriage will be ready to take him from the door, and servants in liveries (very probably) will usher him into his new home. This is New York, this is American life. If he happens to have a wife, of gocd connections and education, she wiil at ous elide into her new position, and leave her former humble apartments with the belief that she has tally deserved h r good fortune. At once, and as if by magic, she dresses with taste and propriety, falls into the manners of the gay world as if 'Le had always practised them, and if she has wit and beauty she attracts about her the most distinguished of oar male society. She patronises the opera, atterds the most fashionable church of her own particular denomina tion, and floats along in a sea of delight. Use her band, rewarded by the novelty of his new pleasures, looks back to his former career with the satisfaction of feeling that to himself alone he owes his advancement. He next looks forward to see how his prosperity may be prolonged in his family. Generally, if he have chi!dren who have passed their infancy in es eraitted circumstances, his cares are of no avail lbs daughters marry,. and often bzdly, to young mss who have pretensions without money or worth, au the sons, if they have not been disciplined in the school of the father, become gay young men abet town, with no other views than to expend money it the s ake of personal pride or personal pleasure. The second generation, generally, therefore, undoes the work of the first, and the third ends where the fiat began. There is no country in the world where fortieth so easily won or so easily lost as in the Uhited Star It depends entirely on the character of the individri who possesses it whether it is or is nut honour/ and usefully enjoyed. The great wealth of the city of New York is meat' feet not only by the number of its magnitieett par vate residences, but by the official eta:mods annually published of its taxable resources. What we term its real estate, or, in other wads, the real estate of its citizens, is now valued at slut 198,000,000 of Collars, and, according to our tyros of undervaluing for taxation, may be set down as me half more. The perre al property of the inhabitants is estimated at .58,000,000 of debars, and this dal not include, in fact, the plate, the jewellery, the Pi vote BE curities, or the amounts of cash they are P 3 ' trued of. In five years the aggregate of this sir has increased more than 10,000,000 dollars. Ve should like to know of any city in the world whir, in proportion to its age and population, compares with New fork. Take another instance. The last day's receipts g the custom-house for duties has been '73,000 dolhri and the balance in its vaults is within a fraction four millions of dollars, notwithstanding the conrissg drafts on it for the public service. Much of our domestic happiness is, however, clouded by the intelligence that the cholera has made its appearance on our western rivers, and ,IP ) great is the alarm at St. Louis, that the infect* steamers coming from New Orleans are not alloyed to land their passengers. here, in the north, the If' proach of cold weather is considered to be an entire protection. It is now a well-established fact that many large towns in our interior wire not vatted with cholera, though in direct communication dig?, with other places which suffered severely. WO these wu the city of Utica. Miss Frederika Bremer I have not yet had thee's! sure of meeting, as she has been visiting new friar in the country during most of her leisure. Her latest appearance has been among a community of E xists ) in New Jersey, where she entered into all their with a cordiality that quite refreshed her hssta. LA PLATA.—There are a few days later advice.. from Buena Ayres in Liverpool, but no news of say Isr portance. GRATIS VOYAGES TO LIVERPOOL.—A few before the Devonshire steamed up to our quay, the old Did!: pan, charged 7s. 6d. a head for passengers Liverpool; ,or. no sooner was the enemy descried in the di,tance tbstl struck their colours—down the freights come. Furor 1 2e. 6d. ; then to le.: then to 4d.; next to 11. ; al l „ a yp "free gratis for nothing," as the saying coo. ‘""1 0 ; steamers going to Liverpool now all crowded. T histane year we had but one.— Waterford News. AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. The following memorial has been presented to Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston. It is signed, as will be seen, by members of blth houses of parlia ment holding various shades of political opinion : We, the undersigned, desire to express to your lordships, and through your lordship. to the rest of her Majestv's con fidential servants, the deep interest which we have taken in the contest which hu been recently miffed on between the Hungarian nation and the Emperor of Austria. Not ler deep a the interest which we now take in the final settle ment of the question at issue between them, and in the per manent pacification of that great country. Sincerely at tached to the liberties of oar own country, the final nub. lishment of which is due to the successful termination of struggles analogous to that' which have been made from time to time in Hungary—with equal sincerity desirous of maintaining the peace of Europe, we are fully sensible of the great importance that the settlement of the questions at issue should be effected in a manner, and upon terms, satisfactory to the Hungarian natioc, not only for the sake of Hungary herself, but because we apprehend that a settlement unsatis factory to the country, will sow the seed of renewed discon tent, may lead to fresh local disturbances, and by the local disturbance of so large an element of the European system, mar endanger the tranquillity of the whole. The objects of the undersigned are, internal liberty— national independence—European peace. For the attain. ment of these objects we trust the clurt of Vienna will bear in mind that the satisfaction and contentment of Hungary will afford the greatest security. Considering, however, the means by which the authority of the House of Hapsburg has been re-established, the undersigned are of opinion that the occasion permits, even if it does not call for, the intervention of Great Britain, in oounselling the Austrian government respecting the exercise of its restored executive power. With respect to the mode and opportunity of interfering, the un dersigned offer no specific opinion, but we hope that her Majesty's government will not shriek from suggesting to that of Austria, that, since republican France has abolished capital punishments for political offences, it will net be wise to allow a contrast to be drawn unfavourable to the clemency of monarchical governments. (Signed) S. Dawson Rawdon James Wyld &vile C. H. Ogle Charles Pearson Lawrence Heyworth James Clay H. A. Aglemby The O'Gorman Mahon Montford B. M. Willcox Dui* William Pinney Radnor A. E. Cockburn R. M. Milnes Richard Y. Fox T. Townshend W. Sherman Crawford Robert Price Alex. Hasa, Harry Verney W. J. Fox T. S. Duncombe J. Twisell Wawn T. Perronet Thompson J. Pilkington Thomas Wakley Pepe Louden John Sadleir William Hutt Pieice Somerset Butler William Evans William Scholefield Tillman Sidney John Fergus B. Hall Re..bt. A. Stacey P. T. Locke King Thomas E. Headless J. Macgregor John Reynolds W. Marshall E. K. Tenison T. Twieden Hodges Mich. Sullivan John Williams T. Chisholm Anstey T. A. Mitchell James Heywood Charles Cowan Fr. Mowatt Edward N. Buxton Gee. Thompson Dudley Coutts Stuart John O'Brien De Lucy Evans James Kershaw Maurice Power Henry aalwey Wm. Ewart Joseph Locke R. Perfect Will. Collins M. Forster William Fagan. E. H. Banbury Fr. P. Dunne Wm. Clay Nich. IL Power G. W. Fitzwilliam Tomas M'Cullagla W. Lockyer Freestun J. G. Marshall T. Milner Gibson D. Joplin= Norma November, lffift. Filswilliam Northampton Zttland Beaumont K inuaird H►therton Conywtham Gmford _ FORGERY ON THE DARLINGTON BANE.—Oft Mon day last considerable excitement was created is Darlington by the discovery of a forgery upon the house of ?d, sire. Jonathan Backbones and Co. During the previous Saturday, a person, having the appearance of a horse dealer, made a great number of email purchases of different tradesmen and publicans, in each case offering a 61. note for payment, and requesting change. In every et se where this was ascertained the note has been pronounced fictitious. On the game day a number of similar notes were and without detection at Stockton, Middlesborough, and Richmond, doubtless by members of the same gang. Some members of the same gang visited this city . on Saturday, and succeeded in the course of that evening in passing at least 13 of the forged notes by the same means as their confederates employed in other places. We learn from our cones}, ,ndents that Sun derland, Bishop Auckland, Richmond, Northallenon, and a few other towns have been visited ; but it will be satisfactory IU the public to know that, as fares has yet been ascertained, the entire number of notes issued by these adventurers is by I no means con<iderable.—Durham Chronicle. INQUEST ON THE REV. P. STRONG.—The ex tremely sudden death of the Rev. Philip Strong, rector of Mile-end, Colchester and senior rural dean of Lvxden, cc marring last Wednesday evening, as already noticed, led to an inquest, which was held upon the body on Friday afternoon. The two first witneues examined—Eliza Nevard, housemaid in the family of the deceased, and James Smith, footman— showed that on Wednesday night, soon after 10 o'clock, as the rev. gentleman was conducting family devotion, and was uttering the first two words of the Lord's prayer, his voice suddenly ceased, and he fell down and instantly expired. He had previously had several enacts of illness, resembling fainting fits. The next witness, A. Partridge, Eaq., surgeon, gave it as his opinion that the deceased had died of at roue spopiny ; it was possible, he said, that the heart (as was currently reported) might have had somethine to do with it, hut he had not found symptoms of any such affection. Some darn or four yean ago deceased was ill, and sought the ad vice of Dr. Watson, who suspected that something was wrong with the heart, but could not find proof of it. Ver dict, " Died by the visitation of God." It says Grarells