LiteFold/GO huggingface dataset:
meiotic metaphase I (GO:0007132)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiotic anaphase I (GO:0007133)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiotic telophase I (GO:0007134)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiosis II (GO:0007135)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II.
Synonyms: meiosis II nuclear division
meiotic prophase II (GO:0007136)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiotic metaphase II (GO:0007137)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiotic anaphase II (GO:0007138)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
meiotic telophase II (GO:0007139)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
Comment: Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
male meiosis I (GO:0007141)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
Synonyms: male meiosis I nuclear division
male meiosis II (GO:0007142)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.
Synonyms: male meiosis II nuclear division
female meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007143)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
Synonyms: female meiosis; female meiotic division
Comment: Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'.
female meiosis I (GO:0007144)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
Synonyms: female meiosis I nuclear division
meiotic recombination nodule assembly (GO:0007146)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.
female meiosis II (GO:0007147)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
Synonyms: female meiosis II nuclear division
obsolete growth pattern (GO:0007150)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. A process whereby cells develop a specific morphology under a specific set of circumstances.
Synonyms: growth pattern
Comment: This term was made obsolete because the original meaning of the term is unclear, the current definition is incorrect, and it does not describe a biological process.
cell communication (GO:0007154)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
cell adhesion (GO:0007155)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
Synonyms: cell adhesion molecule activity; single organism cell adhesion
homophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007156)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
heterophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007157)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.
Synonyms: agglutination
neuron cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007158)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.
Synonyms: neuron adhesion; neuronal cell adhesion
leukocyte cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007159)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
Synonyms: leukocyte adhesion; leukocyte cell adhesion
cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007161)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
Synonyms: calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule activity
negative regulation of cell adhesion (GO:0007162)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
Synonyms: cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity; down regulation of cell adhesion; down-regulation of cell adhesion; downregulation of cell adhesion; inhibition of cell adhesion
establishment or maintenance of cell polarity (GO:0007163)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
Synonyms: cell polarity; establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity; establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
establishment of tissue polarity (GO:0007164)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
signal transduction (GO:0007165)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
Synonyms: signaling cascade; signaling pathway; signalling cascade; signalling pathway
Comment: Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not.
cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: cell surface receptor linked signal transduction; cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway; cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway
enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway; enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway
receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway (GO:0007168)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and converts GTP to cGMP upon activation, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: cGMP signaling pathway; receptor guanylate cyclase signaling pathway; receptor guanylyl cyclase signalling pathway
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007169)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signalling pathway
obsolete transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ligand binding (GO:0007170)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ligand binding
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a function rather than a process.
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity (GO:0007171)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.
Synonyms: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase dimerization
signal complex assembly (GO:0007172)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.
Synonyms: signal complex formation
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007173)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: EGF receptor signaling pathway; EGF receptor signalling pathway; EGFR signaling pathway; epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway; ERBB1 signaling pathway; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway
epidermal growth factor catabolic process (GO:0007174)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.
Synonyms: EGF breakdown; EGF catabolism; EGF receptor ligand processing; epidermal growth factor breakdown; epidermal growth factor catabolism; epidermal growth factor ligand processing; intracellular EGF processing; receptor-mediated EGF processing
Comment: This term describes the breakdown of epidermal growth factor within the cell, following internalization. For proteolysis events that result in the maturation of an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, see 'epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation ; GO:'.
obsolete regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity (GO:0007176)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.
Synonyms: regulation of EGF receptor activity; regulation of EGFR activity; regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it represents a molecular function. Consider molecular function regulator activity ; GO:0098772 or a child.
cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway (GO:0007178)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway; transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007179)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway; TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway; TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway; TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway; transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
obsolete transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type II receptor (GO:0007180)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: TGF-beta ligand binding to type II receptor; TGFbeta ligand binding to type II receptor; transforming growth factor beta ligand binding to type II receptor
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a function.
transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly (GO:0007181)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.
Synonyms: TGF-beta receptor complex assembly; TGF-beta:type II receptor:type I receptor complex assembly; TGFbeta receptor complex assembly
obsolete common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation (GO:0007182)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.
Synonyms: co-SMAD protein phosphorylation; common mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation; common partner SMAD protein phosphorylation; common-mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it represents a molecular function.
obsolete SMAD protein complex assembly (GO:0007183)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
Synonyms: SMAD protein heteromerization
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it represents a readout for SMAD protein signal transduction ; GO:0060395.
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway (GO:0007185)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
Synonyms: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signalling pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
Synonyms: dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway; G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway; G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer; G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway; G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway; GPCR signaling pathway; GPCR signalling pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger (GO:0007187)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.
Synonyms: G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; GPCR signaling pathway via cyclic nucleotide second messenger