LiteFold/GO huggingface dataset:
obsolete centromere (GO:0005698)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. The region of a eukaryotic chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.
Synonyms: centromere
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is a genetically defined region and not a specific subcellular localization.
polytene chromosome (GO:0005700)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
polytene chromosome chromocenter (GO:0005701)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.
Synonyms: polytene chromosome chromocentre
polytene chromosome weak point (GO:0005702)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.
Synonyms: constriction
polytene chromosome puff (GO:0005703)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.
polytene chromosome interband (GO:0005705)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.
obsolete interphase chromosome (GO:0005707)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during interphase of the cell cycle. Chromosomes are usually decondensed during interphase and each long DNA molecule in a chromosome is divided into a large number of discrete domains that are folded differently.
Synonyms: interphase chromosome
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle.
obsolete mitotic chromosome (GO:0005708)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of mitosis.
Synonyms: mitotic chromosome
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is based on a process.
obsolete prophase chromosome (GO:0005709)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during prophase.
Synonyms: prophase chromosome
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle.
obsolete metaphase chromosome (GO:0005710)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during metaphase. Typically, sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres and chromosomes are covered with a large number of molecules, including ribonucleoproteins.
Synonyms: metaphase chromosome
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle.
obsolete meiotic chromosome (GO:0005711)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of meiosis.
Synonyms: meiotic chromosome
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is based on a process.
chiasma (GO:0005712)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.
recombination nodule (GO:0005713)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
early recombination nodule (GO:0005714)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.
late recombination nodule (GO:0005715)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.
beta-heterochromatin (GO:0005722)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.
alpha-heterochromatin (GO:0005723)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.
obsolete nuclear telomeric heterochromatin (GO:0005724)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus.
Comment: This term was obsoleted because there is no heterochromatin at the telomere and the term had been used inconsistently.
intercalary heterochromatin (GO:0005725)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.
perichromatin fibrils (GO:0005726)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.
extrachromosomal circular DNA (GO:0005727)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
extrachromosomal rDNA circle (GO:0005728)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
Synonyms: extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circle
nucleolus (GO:0005730)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
nucleolus organizer region (GO:0005731)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.
Synonyms: NOR; nucleolus organiser region; nucleolus organizer complex
sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:0005732)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family and associated proteins. Many are involved in a step of processing of rRNA molecules: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation, but other RNA types can be targets as well. The majority fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type, which are conserved across eukaryotes and archaea. Other members include the telomerase RNA and the ribonuclease MRP RNA.
Synonyms: small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein; small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex; small ribonucleoprotein; small ribonucleoprotein protein complex; snoRNP; sRNP
Comment: Note that 'nucleolar' in the name acronym 'snoRNA' is part of the RNA family designation 'small nucleolar', and does not reflect the location of the complex. Both box C/D type and box H/ACA RNAs are found in Archaea (where they are referred to as sRNAs) as well as in Eukaryota. In eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNAs are found in both nucleolar-localized snoRNP complexes and in Cajal body-localized scaRNP complexes.
obsolete small nucleolar RNA (GO:0005733)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: small nucleolar RNA; snoRNA
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
obsolete box H + ACA snoRNP protein (GO:0005735)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: box H + ACA snoRNP protein
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
RNA polymerase I complex (GO:0005736)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
Synonyms: DNA-directed RNA polymerase I activity; DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex
mitochondrion (GO:0005739)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
Synonyms: mitochondria
Comment: Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
mitochondrial envelope (GO:0005740)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
Synonyms: mitochondrion outer membrane; outer mitochondrial membrane; outer mitochondrion membrane
mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex (GO:0005742)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.
Synonyms: GIP complex; mitochondrion outer membrane translocase complex
mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
Synonyms: inner mitochondrial membrane; inner mitochondrion membrane; mitochondrion inner membrane
TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.
Synonyms: mitochondrial inner membrane pre-sequence translocase complex; mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex; mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex; Tim23 complex
Comment: See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
obsolete mitochondrial respirasome (GO:0005746)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
Synonyms: mitochondrial electron transport chain; mitochondrial respiratory chain; mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplex; mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (GO:0005747)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (GO:0005749)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
Synonyms: mitochondrial fumarate reductase complex
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (GO:0005750)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
Synonyms: mitochondrial coenzyme Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex; mitochondrial coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase complex; mitochondrial complex III; mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex; mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex; mitochondrial electron transport complex III; mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex; mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (GO:0005753)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
Synonyms: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (GO:0005754)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
obsolete hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0) (GO:0005755)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
Comment: This term was made obsolete because more specific terms were created.
obsolete mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (GO:0005756)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that this term unnecssarily specified a cellular compartment.
mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex (GO:0005757)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).
Synonyms: mitochondrial PT pore complex; MPTP complex; PTPC
mitochondrial intermembrane space (GO:0005758)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
Synonyms: mitochondrial envelope lumen; mitochondrial membrane lumen
mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
Synonyms: mitochondrial lumen; mitochondrial stroma
mitochondrial ribosome (GO:0005761)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.
Synonyms: 55S ribosome, mitochondrial
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (GO:0005762)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
Synonyms: 39S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial
mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (GO:0005763)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.
Synonyms: 28S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial; mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit complex; mitochondrial ribosomal SSU complex
lysosome (GO:0005764)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
Synonyms: lysosome membrane
primary lysosome (GO:0005766)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
secondary lysosome (GO:0005767)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
endosome (GO:0005768)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
early endosome (GO:0005769)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
late endosome (GO:0005770)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
Synonyms: prevacuolar compartment; PVC
multivesicular body (GO:0005771)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
Synonyms: multivesicular endosome; MVB; MVE
vacuole (GO:0005773)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Synonyms: vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
vacuolar membrane (GO:0005774)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
vacuolar lumen (GO:0005775)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
autophagosome (GO:0005776)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.
Synonyms: autophagic vacuole; initial autophagic vacuole
peroxisome (GO:0005777)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
Synonyms: peroxisomal; peroxisome vesicle
peroxisomal membrane (GO:0005778)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
Synonyms: peroxisome membrane
obsolete integral component of peroxisomal membrane (GO:0005779)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Synonyms: integral to peroxisomal membrane
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it represents protein topology, not a cellular component.
extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane (GO:0005780)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
Synonyms: extrinsic to intraperoxisomal membrane; intra-peroxisomal peripheral membrane
obsolete peroxisome targeting signal receptor complex (GO:0005781)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: peroxisome targeting signal receptor complex
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a single polypeptide rather than a complex; all known peroxisome targeting signal receptors are monomeric.
peroxisomal matrix (GO:0005782)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
Synonyms: peroxisomal lumen