LiteFold/GO huggingface dataset:
antipodal cell differentiation (GO:0009557)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.
embryo sac cellularization (GO:0009558)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Synonyms: cellularization of the embryo sac; female gametophyte cellularization; megagametophyte cellularization
embryo sac central cell differentiation (GO:0009559)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.
Synonyms: embryo sac endosperm mother cell differentiation; female gametophyte central cell differentiation
embryo sac egg cell differentiation (GO:0009560)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Synonyms: female gamete generation; female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
megagametogenesis (GO:0009561)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
Synonyms: embryo sac development from the megaspore; megagametophyte nucleus division
embryo sac nuclear migration (GO:0009562)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.
Synonyms: embryo sac nucleus migration; female gametophyte nuclear migration; female gametophyte nucleus migration; megagametophyte nuclear migration; megagametophyte nucleus migration
synergid differentiation (GO:0009563)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.
Synonyms: synergid cell differentiation
fertilization (GO:0009566)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
Synonyms: cell-cell fusion; https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/31270; syngamy
double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm (GO:0009567)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Synonyms: double fertilization
amyloplast starch grain (GO:0009568)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
Synonyms: amyloplast starch granule
chloroplast starch grain (GO:0009569)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
Synonyms: chloroplast starch granule
chloroplast stroma (GO:0009570)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
proplastid stroma (GO:0009571)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
preprophase band (GO:0009574)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
leucoplast stroma (GO:0009576)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
elaioplast stroma (GO:0009577)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
etioplast stroma (GO:0009578)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
thylakoid (GO:0009579)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
Synonyms: photosynthetic membrane
Comment: A thylakoid is not considered an organelle, but some thylakoids are part of organelles.
obsolete thylakoid (sensu Bacteria) (GO:0009580)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: thylakoid (sensu Bacteria)
Comment: This term was made obsolete because more specific children exist.
detection of external stimulus (GO:0009581)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of external stimulus
detection of abiotic stimulus (GO:0009582)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of abiotic stimulus
detection of light stimulus (GO:0009583)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: detection of light; perception of light
red, far-red light phototransduction (GO:0009585)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
Synonyms: phytochrome signaling pathway; red-sensitive opsin
UV-A, blue light phototransduction (GO:0009588)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.
Synonyms: blue-sensitive opsin; short-wave-sensitive opsin; violet-sensitive opsin
detection of gravity (GO:0009590)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of gravity
obsolete perception of mechanical stimulus (GO:0009591)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of mechanical stimulus
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it was not clear whether the term applied to the whole process of taste perception or just the sensory transduction stage.
detection of chemical stimulus (GO:0009593)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: chemoperception; chemoreception; detection of chemical substance; perception of chemical stimulus; perception of chemical substance
detection of nutrient (GO:0009594)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: detection of nutrients; nutrient sensing; perception of nutrients
detection of biotic stimulus (GO:0009595)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of biotic stimulus
detection of virus (GO:0009597)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of virus
Comment: GO:0009597 is not a child term of 'detection of symbiont ; GO:0009602' to allow annotation of a virus responding to another (often competing) virus.
detection of nematode (GO:0009600)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of nematode
detection of insect (GO:0009601)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: perception of insect
detection of symbiont (GO:0009602)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Synonyms: perception of symbiont; recognition of symbiont
detection of symbiotic fungus (GO:0009603)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: detection of symbiotic fungi; perception of symbiotic fungi; perception of symbiotic fungus
detection of symbiotic bacterium (GO:0009604)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
Synonyms: detection of symbiotic bacteria; perception of symbiotic bacteria; perception of symbiotic bacterium
response to external stimulus (GO:0009605)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
Synonyms: response to environmental stimulus
Comment: Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
tropism (GO:0009606)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
response to biotic stimulus (GO:0009607)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
Synonyms: response to biotic stress
Comment: Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to symbiont (GO:0009608)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
Synonyms: response of host to symbiont
response to symbiotic bacterium (GO:0009609)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.
Synonyms: response to symbiotic bacteria
response to symbiotic fungus (GO:0009610)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.
Synonyms: response to symbiotic fungi
response to wounding (GO:0009611)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
Synonyms: physiological response to wounding
response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0009612)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
Synonyms: chemi-mechanical coupling; mechanical stimulus response
obsolete disease resistance (GO:0009614)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: disease resistance
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'resistance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
response to virus (GO:0009615)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
Synonyms: response to viruses
RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response (GO:0009616)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of regulatory RNAs that protects against foreign organism invasion by restricting viral replication and dissemination.
Synonyms: RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity; VIGS; viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing; viral triggering of virus induced gene silencing; virus induced gene silencing; virus-induced gene silencing; virus-induced PTGS
Comment: Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used as a technique to control plant gene expression; when used in that context, this does not represent a normal biological process and is outside the scope of GO.
response to bacterium (GO:0009617)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
Synonyms: response to bacteria
obsolete resistance to pathogenic bacteria (GO:0009619)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: resistance to pathogenic bacteria
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'resistance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
response to fungus (GO:0009620)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
Synonyms: response to fungi
obsolete resistance to pathogenic fungi (GO:0009622)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: resistance to pathogenic fungi
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'resistance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
response to nematode (GO:0009624)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.
Synonyms: response to nematodes
response to insect (GO:0009625)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.
Synonyms: response to insects
systemic acquired resistance (GO:0009627)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The salicylic acid-mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.
Synonyms: salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
response to gravity (GO:0009629)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
Synonyms: response to gravitational stimulus
gravitropism (GO:0009630)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.
Synonyms: geotropism
cold acclimation (GO:0009631)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.
obsolete freezing tolerance (GO:0009632)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: freezing tolerance
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'tolerance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
obsolete drought tolerance (GO:0009633)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: drought tolerance
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'tolerance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
obsolete heavy metal sensitivity/resistance (GO:0009634)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: heavy metal sensitivity/resistance
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'sensitivity/resistance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.
response to herbicide (GO:0009635)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.
Synonyms: herbicide susceptibility/resistance
response to toxic substance (GO:0009636)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
Synonyms: detoxification response; toxin resistance; toxin susceptibility/resistance
response to blue light (GO:0009637)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
Synonyms: blue light response; blue-light response; response to blue light stimulus
phototropism (GO:0009638)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
response to red or far red light (GO:0009639)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
photomorphogenesis (GO:0009640)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.
Synonyms: plant development in response to light
shade avoidance (GO:0009641)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.
response to light intensity (GO:0009642)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.