LiteFold/GO huggingface dataset:
enterobactin biosynthetic process (GO:0009239)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
Synonyms: enterobactin anabolism; enterobactin biosynthesis; enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation; enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification; enterobactin formation; enterobactin synthesis; enterobactin synthetase; enterochelin biosynthesis; enterochelin biosynthetic process
colanic acid biosynthetic process (GO:0009242)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.
Synonyms: colanic acid anabolism; colanic acid biosynthesis; colanic acid formation; colanic acid synthesis; M antigen biosynthesis; M antigen biosynthetic process
O antigen biosynthetic process (GO:0009243)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
Synonyms: O antigen anabolism; O antigen biosynthesis; O antigen formation; O antigen synthesis
lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process (GO:0009244)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.
Synonyms: lipopolysaccharide core region anabolism; lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthesis; lipopolysaccharide core region formation; lipopolysaccharide core region synthesis; LPS core region biosynthetic process
lipid A biosynthetic process (GO:0009245)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.
Synonyms: lipid A anabolism; lipid A biosynthesis; lipid A formation; lipid A synthesis
glycolipid biosynthetic process (GO:0009247)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).
Synonyms: glycolipid anabolism; glycolipid biosynthesis; glycolipid formation; glycolipid synthesis
K antigen biosynthetic process (GO:0009248)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
Synonyms: K antigen anabolism; K antigen biosynthesis; K antigen formation; K antigen synthesis
protein lipoylation (GO:0009249)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.
Synonyms: peptidyl-lysine lipoylation; protein-lipoic acid cofactor linkage
glucan biosynthetic process (GO:0009250)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
Synonyms: glucan anabolism; glucan biosynthesis; glucan formation; glucan synthesis
glucan catabolic process (GO:0009251)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
Synonyms: glucan breakdown; glucan catabolism; glucan degradation
peptidoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0009252)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls and consisting of long glycan strands of alternating residues of beta-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by short peptides.
Synonyms: murein biosynthesis; murein biosynthetic process; peptidoglycan anabolism; peptidoglycan biosynthesis; peptidoglycan formation; peptidoglycan synthesis
peptidoglycan turnover (GO:0009254)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycans consist of long glycan strands of alternating residues of beta-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by short peptides.
Synonyms: murein turnover
Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate (GO:0009255)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.
10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process (GO:0009256)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
Synonyms: 10-formyl-THF metabolic process; 10-formyl-THF metabolism; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolism
10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process (GO:0009257)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
Synonyms: 10-formyl-THF biosynthesis; 10-formyl-THF biosynthetic process; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate anabolism; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthesis; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate formation; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthesis
10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process (GO:0009258)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
Synonyms: 10-formyl-THF catabolic process; 10-formyl-THF catabolism; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate breakdown; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolism; 10-formyltetrahydrofolate degradation
ribonucleotide metabolic process (GO:0009259)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: ribonucleotide metabolism
ribonucleotide biosynthetic process (GO:0009260)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: ribonucleotide anabolism; ribonucleotide biosynthesis; ribonucleotide formation; ribonucleotide synthesis
ribonucleotide catabolic process (GO:0009261)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: ribonucleotide breakdown; ribonucleotide catabolism; ribonucleotide degradation
deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process (GO:0009262)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process (GO:0009263)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: deoxyribonucleotide anabolism; deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis; deoxyribonucleotide formation; deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process (GO:0009264)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: deoxyribonucleotide breakdown; deoxyribonucleotide catabolism; deoxyribonucleotide degradation
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process (GO:0009265)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.
Synonyms: 2'-deoxyribonucleotide anabolism; 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis; 2'-deoxyribonucleotide formation; 2'-deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
response to temperature stimulus (GO:0009266)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
Synonyms: response to thermal stimulus
cellular response to starvation (GO:0009267)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
response to pH (GO:0009268)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
response to desiccation (GO:0009269)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
Synonyms: desiccation tolerance
phage shock (GO:0009271)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.
fungal-type cell wall biogenesis (GO:0009272)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
Synonyms: chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis; fungal-type cell wall anabolism; fungal-type cell wall biosynthetic process; fungal-type cell wall formation; fungal-type cell wall synthesis
peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis (GO:0009273)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.
Synonyms: cell envelope biosynthesis; cell envelope biosynthetic process; cell wall anabolism; cell wall assembly; cell wall biosynthetic process; cell wall formation; cell wall synthesis
peptidoglycan-based cell wall (GO:0009274)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.
Synonyms: envelope; murein sacculus; peptidoglycan
Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall (GO:0009275)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.
Synonyms: 20-80nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall; cell wall of Gram-positive Bacteria
Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall (GO:0009276)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.
Synonyms: 1-2nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall; cell wall inner membrane
fungal-type cell wall (GO:0009277)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.
Synonyms: beta-glucan-containing cell wall; chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall; chitin-containing cell wall
obsolete murein sacculus (GO:0009278)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. A peptidoglycan polymer that forms the shape-determining structure of the cell all of Gram-negative bacteria.
Synonyms: murein sacculus
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately.
obsolete cell wall inner membrane (GO:0009280)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: OBSOLETE. In Gram-negative bacteria the membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the murein sacculus.
Synonyms: cell wall inner membrane; cytoplasmic membrane
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately.
bacterial-type flagellum (GO:0009288)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
Synonyms: flagellin-based flagellum
pilus (GO:0009289)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
Synonyms: fimbria; fimbriae; fimbrium; pili
unidirectional conjugation (GO:0009291)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.
Synonyms: bacterial conjugation
Comment: Unidirectional conjugation is not a type of not sexual reproduction, since no exchange of gamete occurs and no generation of a new organism: instead an existing organism is transformed.
horizontal gene transfer (GO:0009292)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.
Synonyms: genetic exchange; genetic transfer; lateral gene transfer
transduction (GO:0009293)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus.
Comment: This process occurs both in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.
DNA-mediated transformation (GO:0009294)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.
Synonyms: DNA mediated transformation
nucleoid (GO:0009295)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.
obsolete flagellum assembly (GO:0009296)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The assembly of a flagellum. In bacteria, this is a whiplike motility appendage present on the surface of some species; in eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella are composed of flagellin and have the same basic structure as cilia but are longer in proportion to the cell and present in much smaller numbers.
Synonyms: flagella assembly; flagella biogenesis; flagellum assembly; flagellum biogenesis
pilus assembly (GO:0009297)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The assembly from its constituent parts of a pilus, a short filamentous structure of bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.
Synonyms: fimbria assembly; fimbria biogenesis; fimbriae assembly; fimbriae biogenesis; fimbrial assembly; fimbrium assembly; fimbrium biogenesis; pilus biogenesis; pilus formation
GDP-mannose biosynthetic process (GO:0009298)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
Synonyms: GDP-mannose anabolism; GDP-mannose biosynthesis; GDP-mannose formation; GDP-mannose synthesis
mRNA transcription (GO:0009299)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
Synonyms: cellular mRNA transcription; mRNA biosynthesis; mRNA biosynthetic process; mRNA synthesis
antisense RNA transcription (GO:0009300)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
snRNA transcription (GO:0009301)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.
sno(s)RNA transcription (GO:0009302)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.
Synonyms: snoRNA transcription; sRNA transcription
rRNA transcription (GO:0009303)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.
Synonyms: rRNA biosynthesis; rRNA biosynthetic process; rRNA synthesis
obsolete protein biotinylation (GO:0009305)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The addition of biotin (vitamin B7 / vitamin H) to a protein amino acid.
Synonyms: protein amino acid biotinylation
Comment: This terms was obsoleted because it represents a molecular function as a biological process.
DNA restriction-modification system (GO:0009307)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.
Synonyms: DNA restriction
amine metabolic process (GO:0009308)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Synonyms: amine metabolism; cellular amine metabolic process
amine biosynthetic process (GO:0009309)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Synonyms: amine anabolism; amine biosynthesis; amine formation; amine synthesis
amine catabolic process (GO:0009310)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
Synonyms: amine breakdown; amine catabolism; amine degradation
oligosaccharide metabolic process (GO:0009311)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
Synonyms: multicellular organismal oligosaccharide metabolic process; oligosaccharide metabolism
oligosaccharide biosynthetic process (GO:0009312)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
Synonyms: oligosaccharide anabolism; oligosaccharide biosynthesis; oligosaccharide formation; oligosaccharide synthesis
oligosaccharide catabolic process (GO:0009313)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
Synonyms: multicellular organismal oligosaccharide catabolic process; oligosaccharide breakdown; oligosaccharide catabolism; oligosaccharide degradation
response to radiation (GO:0009314)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
Synonyms: response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus; response to radiation stimulus
Comment: Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.
obsolete drug resistance (GO:0009315)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: drug resistance
Comment: This term was made obsolete because 'resistance' implies a phenotype rather than a biological process.