LiteFold/GO huggingface dataset:
polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering (GO:0039698)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.
Synonyms: polyA stuttering
symbiont-mediated evasion of mRNA degradation by host via mRNA cap methylation (GO:0039699)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a symbiont methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs. This mechanism of immune evasion is used by viruses.
Synonyms: evasion of mRNA degradation by host via mRNA cap methylation; IFIT mRNA restriction evasion by virus; viral mRNA cap methylation
spherule viral factory (GO:0039717)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A cytoplasmic viral factory which is a 50-400nm diameter membrane invagination. Spherules can appear on several enveloped cellular components depending on the virus.
double membrane vesicle viral factory (GO:0039718)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A cytoplasmic viral factory that consists of a double-membrane bound vesicle. Has a diameter of 200-300nm and is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Produced by Picornaviridae, Nidovirales, Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae.
Synonyms: DMV viral factory
negative regulation of vulval development (GO:0040027)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
Synonyms: down regulation of vulval development; down-regulation of vulval development; downregulation of vulval development; inhibition of vulval development
epigenetic regulation of gene expression (GO:0040029)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine methylation of DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.
Synonyms: regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions (GO:0040038)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.
interleukin-20 receptor activity (GO:0042016)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Combining with interleukin-20 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.
Synonyms: IL-20 receptor activity; IL-20R
DNA endoreduplication (GO:0042023)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. An example of this process occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.
Synonyms: DNA endoreplication; DNA re-duplication
Comment: Note that this term is only to be used in situations were this process occurs normally. Not to be used to describe mutant or diseased states.
obsolete fibrolase activity (GO:0042029)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the cleavage of 14-Ala-Leu-15 in insulin B chain and cleavage of 413-Lys-Leu-414 in alpha chain of fibrinogen.
Synonyms: Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix metalloproteinase activity; Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom metalloproteinase activity; fibrinolytic proteinase activity; fibrolase activity
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
fluid transport (GO:0042044)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction (GO:0042062)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.
obsolete regulation of pteridine metabolic process (GO:0042068)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
Synonyms: regulation of pteridine metabolism
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it is an unnecessary grouping class.
obsolete maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0042070)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster.
Synonyms: maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination; maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification; maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination; maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification; maintenance of oocyte nucleus position during oocyte axis determination; oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization; oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus position; oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus anchoring; oocyte nucleus anchoring during oocyte axis determination
Comment: This term was obsoleted because it is a pre-composed term that should be captured as a GO-CAM model.
obsolete cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity (GO:0042072)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
germ-line stem cell division (GO:0042078)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.
Synonyms: germ-line stem cell renewal
obsolete GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process (GO:0042080)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: GPI/GSI anchor anabolism; GPI/GSI anchor biosynthesis; GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process; GPI/GSI anchor formation; GPI/GSI anchor synthesis
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it is a composite term that represents two individual processes.
5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent methyltransferase activity (GO:0042086)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
positive regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042102)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
Synonyms: activation of T cell proliferation; positive regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation; positive regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation; stimulation of T cell proliferation; up regulation of T cell proliferation; up-regulation of T cell proliferation; upregulation of T cell proliferation
alginic acid biosynthetic process (GO:0042121)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
Synonyms: alginate biosynthesis; alginate biosynthetic process; alginic acid anabolism; alginic acid biosynthesis; alginic acid formation; alginic acid synthesis
nitrate assimilation (GO:0042128)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.
Synonyms: assimilatory nitrate reduction
thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity (GO:0042131)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.
Synonyms: thiamin monophosphate phosphatase; thiamin phosphate phosphatase activity; ThMPase
lipoprotein catabolic process (GO:0042159)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
Synonyms: lipoprotein breakdown; lipoprotein catabolism; lipoprotein degradation
lipoprotein modification (GO:0042160)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.
xenobiotic catabolic process (GO:0042178)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it, carried out by individual cells. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.
Synonyms: drug breakdown; drug catabolic process; drug catabolism; drug degradation; exogenous drug breakdown; exogenous drug catabolic process; exogenous drug catabolism; exogenous drug degradation; xenobiotic breakdown; xenobiotic catabolism; xenobiotic degradation
nicotine biosynthetic process (GO:0042179)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
Synonyms: nicotine anabolism; nicotine biosynthesis; nicotine formation; nicotine synthesis
formate catabolic process (GO:0042183)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
Synonyms: formate breakdown; formate catabolism; formate degradation; formic acid catabolic process; formic acid catabolism
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolic process (GO:0042188)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
Synonyms: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane breakdown; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolism; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation; DDT catabolic process; DDT catabolism
N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process (GO:0042202)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.
Synonyms: cyromazine catabolic process; cyromazine catabolism; N-cyclopropylmelamine breakdown; N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolism; N-cyclopropylmelamine degradation
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol (GO:0042210)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.
Synonyms: catabolic process of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD; catabolism of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane breakdown to dimethylsilanediol; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation to dimethylsilanediol
m-cresol catabolic process (GO:0042213)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol.
Synonyms: 3-hydroxytoluene catabolic process; 3-hydroxytoluene catabolism; m-cresol breakdown; m-cresol catabolism; m-cresol degradation; meta-cresol catabolic process; meta-cresol catabolism
terpene metabolic process (GO:0042214)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.
Synonyms: terpene metabolism
neuropeptide F receptor activity (GO:0042263)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Combining with neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of more than 28 residues (typically 28-45) with a consensus C-terminal RxRFamide (commonly RPRFa, but also RVRFa.
Synonyms: NPF receptor activity
Comment: Despite their naming, neuropeptide F (NPF) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF) are not closely related.
sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity (GO:0042284)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acylsphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H+ = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.
Synonyms: delta-4 sphingolipid desaturase activity
obsolete URM1 hydrolase activity (GO:0042290)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete).
Synonyms: URM1 hydrolase activity
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it cannot be determined what its intended meaning was, because the term name is not found in the literature.
obsolete cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase activity (GO:0042315)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of dipeptides, preferentially hydrophobic dipeptides including prolyl amino acids.
Synonyms: cytosol nonspecific dipeptidase activity
Comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
negative regulation of phosphorylation (GO:0042326)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
Synonyms: down regulation of phosphorylation; down-regulation of phosphorylation; downregulation of phosphorylation; inhibition of phosphorylation
Comment: Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process (GO:0042342)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
Synonyms: cyanogenic glycoside breakdown; cyanogenic glycoside catabolism; cyanogenic glycoside degradation
thiamine diphosphate catabolic process (GO:0042358)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
Synonyms: thiamin diphosphate breakdown; thiamin diphosphate catabolic process; thiamin diphosphate catabolism; thiamin diphosphate degradation; thiamin pyrophosphate catabolic process; thiamin pyrophosphate catabolism; thiamine diphosphate catabolism; thiamine pyrophosphate catabolic process; thiamine pyrophosphate catabolism; TPP catabolic process; TPP catabolism
water-soluble vitamin catabolic process (GO:0042365)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
Synonyms: water-soluble vitamin breakdown; water-soluble vitamin catabolism; water-soluble vitamin degradation
hemolymph coagulation (GO:0042381)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.
Synonyms: hemolymph clotting
paraspeckles (GO:0042382)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.
hemocyte differentiation (GO:0042386)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
Synonyms: arthropod blood cell differentiation
biogenic amine biosynthetic process (GO:0042401)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
Synonyms: biogenic amine anabolism; biogenic amine biosynthesis; biogenic amine formation; biogenic amine synthesis; cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process
thyroid hormone metabolic process (GO:0042403)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
Synonyms: thyroid hormone metabolism
norepinephrine metabolic process (GO:0042415)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
Synonyms: levarterenol metabolic process; levarterenol metabolism; noradrenaline metabolic process; noradrenaline metabolism; norepinephrine metabolism
pigment metabolic process (GO:0042440)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
Synonyms: pigment metabolism
hormone metabolic process (GO:0042445)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
Synonyms: cellular hormone metabolic process; hormone metabolism
dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome (GO:0042464)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by an inactivation of a proportion of genes on both of the X chromosomes of the XX sex, leading to a decrease, of half, of the levels of gene expression from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.
triacyl lipopeptide binding (GO:0042497)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.
Synonyms: bacterial triacyl lipopeptide binding; bacterial triacyl lipoprotein binding; triacylated lipopeptide binding
Comment: Note that bacterial lipopeptides are derived from bacterial lipoproteins, but the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably in the literature.
diacyl lipopeptide binding (GO:0042498)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.
Synonyms: bacterial diacyl lipopeptide binding; bacterial diacyl lipoprotein binding; diacylated lipopeptide binding
Comment: Note that bacterial lipopeptides are derived from bacterial lipoproteins, but the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably in the literature.
obsolete protein N-linked glycosylation via arginine (GO:0042543)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: OBSOLETE. The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine.
Comment: The reason for obsoletion is that these term were added in error
pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process (GO:0042559)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
Synonyms: pteridine and derivative biosynthesis; pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process; pteridine-containing compound anabolism; pteridine-containing compound biosynthesis; pteridine-containing compound formation; pteridine-containing compound synthesis; pterin biosynthesis; pterin biosynthetic process
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I (GO:0042590)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
Synonyms: antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I; antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via MHC class I; cross presentation; cross priming; cross-presentation; cross-priming; exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
response to starvation (GO:0042594)
Namespace: biological_process
Definition: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
egg chorion (GO:0042600)
Namespace: cellular_component
Definition: A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
Comment: Note that this term does not refer to the extraembryonic membrane surrounding the embryo of amniote vertebrates as this is an anatomical structure and is therefore not covered by GO.
T cell receptor binding (GO:0042608)
Namespace: molecular_function
Definition: Binding to a T cell receptor, the antigen-recognizing receptor on the surface of T cells.
Synonyms: T lymphocyte receptor binding; T-cell receptor binding; T-lymphocyte receptor binding; TCR binding