LexiconShiftInnovations/SinhalaWikipediaArticles huggingface dataset:
ය.ජර්මානු පාලනයජර්මන් පාලන සමයේ ඉදිවුන පල්ලියක්නැමීබියාව 1884 දී ජර්මානු යටත් විජිතයක් බවට පත්විය.එකල මෙය ජර්මානු නිරිතදිග අප්‍රිකාව නමින් හැදින්විය.[21] කෙසේ වෙතත් කේප් ටවුනහි බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අණ්ඩුකාරවරයා විසින් මෙහි නැමීබියාව ස්වභාවික වරාය ඇතුලු ඇතැම් කොටස් නැමීබියාවේ ප්‍රදේශ කිහිපයක් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් යටත් කර ගත්තේය.1904 සිට 1907 දක්වා කාලය තුල හිරෙරෝ හා නමකුවා ජර්මනියට විරුද්ධව සටන් වැදුනි. ජර්මානු දධිරාජ විසින් ඔවුන් ජනඝාතකයන් ලෙස සළකා දඩුවම් පමුණුවනු ලැබීය.[22]  මෙම යුද්ධයේ දී නාමාවරු 10,000 පමණ සමූල ඝාතනයට ලක්විය.[23][24] මෙම යුද්ධ අවසානයේ 1948 දී නැමීබියාව දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවට අයිතිවිය.දකුණු අප්‍රිකා නිදහස් සටනේ දී බොහෝ අප්‍රිකානු ස්වදේශිකයන් ජර්මානු හුමදා අතින් සමූල ඝාතනයට ලක්විය.[25] කෙසේ වෙතත් නැමීබියාව තුල සිදුවූ මහා ජන සංහාරයන්ට ජර්මානු රජය විසින් නැමීබියානු වැසියන්ගේන් 2004 වසරේ දී නිල වශයෙන් සමාව අයැදීය.[26]දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු පාලනයජර්මන් හමුදාව 1915 දී පළමුවන ලෝක යුද්ධයෙන් පරාජයවීමත් සමග දකුණු අප්‍රිකාවේ පාලනයට නැමීබියාව ලක්විය. It administered it from 19
19 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory (nominally under the British Crown). Although the South African government wanted to annex 'South-West Africa' into its official territory, it never did so. But, it administered the territory as its de facto 'fifth province.' The white minority of South-West Africa elected representatives to the whites-only Parliament of South Africa. They also elected their own local administration, the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive executive powers.Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate. The UN intended that it be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration and a definite schedule to achieve independence of Namibia. After the rise of the National Party in South Africa, it established apartheid in both areas. The
Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN in the 1950s calling for it to grant Namibia independence but was not successful. During the 1960s, as European powers such as France and the United Kingdom granted independence to some colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia.In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate. South Africa continued to exercise de facto rule while SWAPO expanded its guerrilla efforts to end that. In 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.[27]Map of Bantustans, land set aside for black inhabitation, in South West AfricaIn response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People'
s Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence.[28] It was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation[29] of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region.භුමියජර්මානු හා දකුණු අප්‍රිකානු පාලන සමය තුල සුදු ජාතික වානිජ වගාකරුවන් නැම්බියාවට පැමිණියහ.ඔවුන් වගාකලහැකි සරුබිම්කඩවල් තම පාලනයට නතුකර ගත්හ..[30] නැම්බියාවේ  වානිජ නගර කර්මාන්තශාලා ඛනිජ නිධි හා වගාකලහැකි සරුබිම් බොහෝමයක් දකුණු නැම්බියාවට අයත්වේ.නැම්බියාවේ උතුරු කොටස තුල මෙහි ස්වදේශිකයන්වූ ආදිවාසීන් වාසය කරති.South West Africa was formally recognised as Namibia by the UN; the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968.[31] In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435, which laid out a plan for transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 19
88, after years of warfare. The transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers. Under this, South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola, who were sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola against UNITA. Angola also resolved its civil war.A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group), led by Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari, was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process and elections, and to supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set, and the elections process began in e
arnest.After the return of more than 46,000 SWAPO exiles, Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.[32]The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, and established an independent judiciary, legislature, and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia at a ceremony attended by Nelson Mandela of South Africa (who had been released from prison the previous month) and repres
entatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state.[33] Upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa in 1994, the nation ceded Walvis Bay to Namibia.[තහවුරු කර නොමැත]නිදහසින් පසුSince independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although the SWAPO has won every election since independence.[34] The transition from the 15-year rule of President Sam Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly.[35]Since independence, the Namibian government has promoted a policy of national reconciliation. It issued an amnesty for those who had fought on either side during the liberation war. The civil war in Angola spilled over and adversely affected Namibians living in the north
of the country. In 1998, Namibia Defence Force (NDF) troops were sent to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) contingent.In 1999, the national government successfully quashed a secessionist attempt in the northeastern Caprivi Strip.[35] The Caprivi conflict was initiated by the Caprivi Liberation Army (CLA), a rebel group led by Mishake Muyongo. It wanted the Caprivi Strip to secede in order to form its own society.භූවිෂමතාටනැමීබි කාන්තාරයේ වැලිකදුShaded relief map of Namibia.Namibia map of Köppen climate classification.වර්ග කිලෝ මීටර් 825,615 km2 (318,772 sq mi),[36] විශාලත්වයකින් යුත් නැමීබියාව වීශාලත්වයෙන් ලොව 34 වන රජ්‍යයයි. දකුණු අක්ෂාංශ  17° සහ 29° අතර සහ නැගෙනහිර දේශාංශ  11° හා 26° අතර නැමීබියාව පිහිටා ඇත..නැමීබියාව කලහාරී කාන්තාරය හා නැමීබි කාන්තාරයට මයිම්ව පිහිටා ඇත, ඉතාම අඩු වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනයක් ලැබෙන උප සහරා අප්‍රිකානු කලාපයට අයත්ව පිහිටා ඇත.[37]නැමීබියාව ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් භූගෝලිය කලාප පහකට බෙදේ,ඒවා ම
ෙසේය මධ්‍යම සානුව,නැම්බි කාන්තාරය, මහා බෑවුම,බෘෂ්වෙල් සහ කලහාරී කාන්තාරය. සෑම කලාපයකටම කාන්තාරීකරණය වූ භූමි ප්‍රදේශ හමුවේ.නැමීබි මෙන්ම කලහාරී කාන්තාරයන්ට අයත් භූමි ප්‍රදේශ නැමීබියාව අයත්ය.මධ්‍යම සානුව නැමිබියාවේ උතුරේ සිට දකුණට විහිදී යයි.නිරිත දිග කලාපයේ නැමීබි කාන්තාරයට අයත් තැනිබිම් වලින් සමන්විතය.ඔරේන්ජ් රිවර් හෙවත් තැඹිළි නදිය දකුණු දිගින් පිහිටයි.කලහාරී කාන්තාරය නැගෙනහිර දේශ සීමාවේ පිහිටා ඇත.මධ්‍යම සානුව නැමීබියාව උස් භූමි වලට අයත්වන අතර එහි උසම කොටසේ උස මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට මීටර්  2606 හෙවත් අඩි 8550 කින් සමන්විතය.[38] නැම්බියාවේ ජනගහණයෙන් වැඩිම කොටසක් මෙම මධ්‍යම සානු පෙදෙසේ වෙසෙයි.මෙම ප්‍රදේශ සාරවත් පසකින් යුක්තය කෘෂිකර්මය ජීවනෝපාය කරගත් බොහෝ නැම්බියානුවන් මෙම කලාපයේ වාසය කරයි.මෙහි උෂ්ණත්වය ග්‍රීෂ්ම ඍතුවේදී  40° C ඉක්මවයි.The Namib Desert is a broad expanse of hyper-arid gravel plains and dunes that stretches along Namibia's entire coastline. It varies between 100 and many hundreds of kilometres in width. Areas within the Namib include the Skeleton Coast and the Kaokoveld in the
north and the extensive Namib Sand Sea along the central coast.[17]The Great Escarpment swiftly rises to over 2,000 මීටර (6,562 ft). Average temperatures and temperature ranges increase further inland from the cold Atlantic waters, while the lingering coastal fogs slowly diminish. Although the area is rocky with poorly developed soils, it is significantly more productive than the Namib Desert. As summer winds are forced over the Escarpment, moisture is extracted as precipitation.[39]The Bushveld is found in north-eastern Namibia along the Angolan border and in the Caprivi Strip. The area receives a significantly greater amount of precipitation than the rest of the country, averaging around 400 mm (15.7 in) per year. The area is generally flat and the soils sandy, limiting their ability to retain water and support agriculture.[40]The Kalahari Desert, an arid region that extends into South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while
popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. The Succulent Karoo is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo.[41] The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation.[42]Namibia's Coastal Desert is one of the oldest deserts in the world. Its sand dunes, created by the strong onshore winds, are the highest in the world.[43] Because of the location of the shoreline, at the point where the Atlantic's cold water reaches Africa's hot climate, often extremely dense fog forms along the coast.[44] Near the coast there are areas where the dunes are vegetated with hammocks.[45] Namibia has rich coastal and marine resources that remain largely unexplored.[46]Fish River CanyonදේශගුණයNamibia is primarily a large desert and semi-desert plateauNamibia
extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt. Its overall climate description is arid, descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain with less than a 100 mm mean. Temperature maxima are limited by the overall elevation of the entire region: only in the far south, Warmbad for instance, are mid-40 °C maxima recorded.[47]Typically the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, with frequent clear skies, provides more than 300 days of sunshine per year. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. The winter (June – August) is generally dry. Both rainy seasons occur in summer: the small rainy season between September and November, the big one between February and April.[48] Humidity
is low, and average rainfall varies from almost zero in the coastal desert to more than 600 mm in the Caprivi Strip. Rainfall is highly variable, and droughts are common.[49] The last[update] bad rainy season with rainfall far below the annual average occurred in summer 2006/07.[50]Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean, which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country.[49] In Winter, occasionally a condition known as Bergwind (ජර්මන්: Mountain breeze) or Oosweer (Afrikaans: East weather) occurs, a hot dry wind blowing from the inland to the coast. As the area behind the coast is a desert, these winds can develop into sand storms, leaving sand deposits in the Atlantic Ocean that are visible on satellite images.[51]The Central Plateau and Kalahari areas have wide diurnal temperature ranges of up to 30 °C
.[49]Efundja, the annual seasonal flooding of the northern parts of the country, often causes not only damage to infrastructure but loss of life.[52] The rains that cause these floods originate in Angola, flow into Namibia's Cuvelai basin, and fill the oshanas (Oshiwambo: flood plains) there. The worst floods so far[update] occurred in March 2011 and displaced 21,000 people.[53]ජල ප්‍රභවනැමීබියාව යනු ලෝකයේ වියලිම බිම් අතරින් එකකි.මෙහි වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය මිලිමීටර් 350 පමණය.මෙහි වැඩිම වර්ෂාපතනයක් වාර්තාවන ගිනිකොණ දිග ප්‍රදේශයේ වාර්ෂික වර්ෂාපතනය මිලි මීටර් 600 පමණය.මෙමගින් නැමීබියාව යනු කොතරම් වියලි හා ජලය හිඟ භූමියක්ද යන්න තේරුම්ගත හැකිය.නැමීබියාවේ දක්නට ලැබෙන මුළු වර්ෂය පුරා ජලය පවතින එකම ගංගාව හමුවන්නේද දකුණු අප්‍රිකා දේශසීමාව තුලය,මෙම ගංගාව වැසි සමයේදී පිටාර ගලා යයිˌඑබැවින් ගංගාව අසල ජනාවාස පිහිටුවා නැත.බොහෝ දෙනකුට ගංගා ජලය වෙනුවට භූගත ජලය කෙරෙහි විශ්වාසය තැබීමට සිදුවේ.කෘෂිකර්මය පතල් කර්මාන්තය සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය සදහා යොදා ගන්නා ජලයෙන් 80% ක්ම භූගත ජලයයි..[54]වනජීවීන්[සංස්
කරණය]නැමිබියාවේ වනාන්තරයක්Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution.[55] Article 95 states, "The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future."[55]In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project.[56] The Ministry of Environment and Tourism, with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, WWF, and Canadian Ambassador's Fund, together form a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) support structure. Th
e main goal of this project is promote sustainable natural resource management by giving local communities rights to wildlife management and tourism.[57]දේශපාලනයTintenpalast, the centre of Namibia's governmentනැම්බියාව ස්වාධීන හා ඒකීය ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී රාජ්‍යයකි.[58][10] මෙරට ජනාධිපතිවරයා වසර පහකට පත්වේ.ජනාධිපතිවරයා රජ්‍ය නායකයා ලෙස පිළිගනී.[59] කෙසේ වෙතත් ජනපති සතු විධායක බලතල බෙදීයාමක් දැකගත හැක.අගමැතිවරයෙකු හා කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලයටද විධායක බලතල බෙදීයයි.[60][61]විධායකය: විධායක බලතල ජනාධිපති අගමැති ප්‍රමුඛ කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලයට පැවරී ඇත.උප ජනාධිපති හා උප අගමැතිවරයෙක්ද සිටී.ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය: නැම්බියා පාර්ළිමේනුත්ව කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදේ ඒ ඉහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය හා පහළ මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය වශයෙනි..අධිකරණය: අධිකරණය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකි.ශේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය,මහාධිකරණ හා පහළ උසාවි වශයෙන් අධිකරණ ආයතන 3කි.විදේශ සම්භන්ධතාNamibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba. With a small army and a fragile e
conomy, the Namibian Government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region. A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration. Namibia became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990. On its independence it became the fiftieth member of the Commonwealth of Nations.[62]හමුදාවNamibia does not have any enemies[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] in the region but consistently spends more as a percentage of GDP on its military than all of its neighbours, except Angola. Military expenditure rose from 2.7% of GDP in 2000 to 3.7% in 2009, and the arrival of 12 Chengdu J-7 Airguard jets in 2006 and 2008 made Namibia for a short time one of the top arms importers in Sub-Saharan Africa.[63]  By 2015, military expenditure was estimated at between 4% and 5% of GDP.[64][65][66]The constitution of Namibia defined the role of the military as "defending the territory and
national interests." Namibia formed the Namibian Defence Force (NDF), comprising former enemies in a 23-year bush war: the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and South West African Territorial Force (SWATF). The British formulated the plan for integrating these forces and began training the NDF, which consists of a small headquarters and five battalions.The United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG)'s Kenyan infantry battalion remained in Namibia for three months after independence to help train the NDF and to stabilise the north. According to the Namibian Defence Ministry, enlistments of both men and women will number no more than 7,500.පරිපාලන  තොට්ඨාසයනැමීබියාව ප්‍රාන්ත 14 බෙදී පවතීන අතර ඡන්ද කොට්ඨාශ 121 පමණ පවතී. The administrative division of Namibia is tabled by Delimitation Commissions and accepted or declined by the National Assembly. Since state foundation four Delimitation Commissions have delivered their work, the last one in 2013 under the ch
airmanship of Judge Alfred Siboleka.[67]Regional councillors are directly elected through secret ballots (regional elections) by the inhabitants of their constituencies.[68]Local authorities in Namibia can be in the form of municipalities (either Part 1 or Part 2 municipalities), town councils or villages.[69]ආර්ථිකයDowntown WindhoekTsumeb's main roadNamibia's economy is tied closely to South Africa's due to their shared history.[70][71] The largest economic sectors are mining (10.4% of the gross domestic product in 2009), agriculture (5.0%), manufacturing (13.5%), and tourism.[72]Namibia has a highly developed banking sector with modern infrastructure, such as online banking and cellphone banking. The Bank of Namibia (BoN) is the central bank of Namibia responsible for performing all other functions ordinarily performed by a central bank. There are four BoN authorised commercial banks in Namibia: Bank Windhoek, First National Bank, Nedbank and Standard Bank.[73]Acco
rding to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%.[74] "Strict unemployment" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20.2% in 2000, 21.9% in 2004 and spiraled to 29.4% in 2008. Under a broader definition (including people that have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36.7% in 2004. This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed. Labour and Social Welfare Minister Immanuel Ngatjizeko praised the 2008 study as "by far superior in scope and quality to any that has been available previously",[75] but its methodology has also received criticism.[76]In 2004 a labour act was passed to protect people from job discrimination stemming from pregnancy and HIV/AIDS status. In early 2010 the Government tender board announced that "henceforth 100 per cent of all unskilled and semi-skilled labour must be sourced, without exception, from within Namibia".[77]In 20
13, global business and financial news provider, Bloomberg, named Namibia the top emerging market economy in Africa and the 13th best in the world. Only four African countries made the Top 20 Emerging Markets list in the March 2013 issue of Bloomberg Markets magazine, and Namibia was rated ahead of Morocco (19th), South Africa (15th) and Zambia (14th). Worldwide, Namibia also fared better than Hungary, Brazil and Mexico. Bloomberg Markets magazine ranked the top 20 based on more than a dozen criteria. The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank. The countries were also rated on areas of particular interest to foreign investors: the ease of doing business, the perceived level of corruption and economic freedom. In order to attract foreign investment, the government has made improvement in reducing red tape resulted from excessive government regulations making the country one of the least bureaucratic places to do business in the regio
n. However, facilitation payments are occasionally demanded by customs due to cumbersome and costly customs procedures.[78] Namibia is also classified as an Upper Middle Income country by the World Bank, and ranks 87th out of 185 economies in terms of ease of doing business.[79]The cost of living in Namibia is relatively high because most of the goods including cereals need to be imported. Business monopoly in some sectors causes higher profit bookings and further raising of prices.[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] Its capital city, Windhoek is currently ranked as the 150th most expensive place in the world for expatriates to live.[80]Taxation in Namibia includes personal income tax, which is applicable to total taxable income of an individual and all individuals are taxed at progressive marginal rates over a series of income brackets. The value added tax (VAT) is applicable to most of the commodities and services.[81]The B2 between Swakopmund and Walvis Bay, Namibia.Despite the remote nature of
much of the country, Namibia has seaports, airports, highways, and railways (narrow-gauge). The country seeks to become a regional transportation hub; it has an important seaport and several landlocked neighbours. The Central Plateau already serves as a transportation corridor from the more densely populated north to South Africa, the source of four-fifths of Namibia's imports.[82]කෟෂිකර්මයWelcoming sign of the Burgsdorf farm in Hardap.නැමීබියාවේ ජනගහනයෙන් භාගයක්ම කෘෂිකර්මය තම ජීවනෝපාය කරගෙන සිටී .ස්වං පොෂිත කෘෂිකර්මයක් පවතින රාජ්‍යයක් වුවද ඇතැම් ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය ඔවුන්ට විදේශ රටවලින් ආනයනය කරගැනීමට සිදුවී ඇත.අනෙකුත් අප්‍රිකානු රාජ්‍යයන් මෙන්ම නැම්බියාවද ඌන සංවර්ධිත රාජ්‍යයක් ලෙස සැළකේ.ජනගහනයෙන් වැඩි කොටසක් ග්‍රාමීය පෙදෙස්වල වාසය කරති.නාගරිකරණය අවමය.ඒක පුද්ගල ආදායම ඉතා අවම අගයක් ගනී.ජාතික ආදයමෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ප්‍රාථමික නිෂ්පාදන ඇසුරෙන් ලබාගනී.අවම යටිතල පහසුකම් ඇති යැපුම් කෘෂිකර්මය මත රඳා පවතින අතර වානිජ බෝග වගාව අවමය.නැම්බියා ජනගහනයෙන් හරි අඩකගේ පමණ ප්‍රධාන ආදායම් මාර්ගය ක
ෘෂිකර්මයයි.[82]About 4,000, mostly white, commercial farmers own almost half of Namibia's arable land.[83] The governments of Germany and Britain will finance Namibia's land reform process, as Namibia plans to start expropriating land from white farmers to resettle landless black Namibians.[84]Agreement has been reached on the privatisation of several more enterprises in coming years, with hopes that this will stimulate much needed foreign investment. However, reinvestment of environmentally derived capital has hobbled Namibian per capita income.[85] One of the fastest growing areas of economic development in Namibia is the growth of wildlife conservancies. These conservancies are particularly important to the rural, generally unemployed, population.An aquifer called "Ohangwena II" has been discovered, capable of supplying the 800,000 people in the North for 400 years.[86] Experts estimate that Namibia has 7720 km3 of underground water.[87][88]පතල් කර්මාන්තය හා විදුලියP