LexiconShiftInnovations/SinhalaWikipediaArticles huggingface dataset:
roviding 25% of Namibia's revenue, mining is the single most important contributor to the economy.[89] Namibia is the fourth largest exporter of non-fuel minerals in Africa and the world's fourth largest producer of uranium. There has been significant investment in uranium mining and Namibia is set to become the largest exporter of uranium by 2015.[90] Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds.[91] While Namibia is known predominantly for its gem diamond and uranium deposits, a number of other minerals are extracted industrially such as lead, tungsten, gold, tin, fluorspar, manganese, marble, copper and zinc. There are offshore gas deposits in the Atlantic Ocean that are planned to be extracted in the future.[72] According to "The Diamond Investigation", a book about the global diamond market, from 1978, De Beers, the largest diamond company, bought most of the Namibian diamonds, and would continue to do so, because "whatever government event
ually comes to power they will need this revenue to survive".[92]Domestic supply voltage is 220V AC. Electricity is generated mainly by thermal and hydroelectric power plants. Non-conventional methods of electricity generation also play some role. Encouraged by the rich uranium deposits the Namibian government plans to erect its first nuclear power station by 2018, also uranium enrichment is envisaged to happen locally.[93]සංචාරක කර්මාන්තයනැමීබියාවේ වාසය කරන සීබ්‍රාවන්Tourism is a major contributor (14.5%) to Namibia's GDP, creating tens of thousands of jobs (18.2% of all employment) directly or indirectly and servicing over a million tourists per year.[94] The country is a prime destination in Africa and is known for ecotourism which features Namibia's extensive wildlife.[95]There are many lodges and reserves to accommodate eco-tourists. Sport hunting is also a large, and growing component of the Namibian economy, accounting for 14% of total tourism in the year 2000, o
r $19.6 million US dollars, with Namibia boasting numerous species sought after by international sport hunters.[96] In addition, extreme sports such as sandboarding, skydiving and 4x4ing have become popular, and many cities have companies that provide tours.[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] The most visited places include the capital city of Windhoek, Caprivi Strip, Fish River Canyon, Sossusvlei, the Skeleton Coast Park, Sesriem, Etosha Pan and the coastal towns of Swakopmund, Walvis Bay and Lüderitz.[97]The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 – 2013, visited Windhoek.[98] Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resort
s, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek.[99] There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.Namibia's primary tourism related governing body, the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), was established by an Act of Parliament: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000). Its primary objectives are to regulate the tourism industry and to market Namibia as a tourist destination.[100] There are also a number of trade associations that represent the tourism sector in Namibia, such as the Federation of Namibia Tourism Associations (the umbrella body for all tourism associations in Namibia), the Hospitality Association of Namibia, the Association of Namibian Travel Agents, Car Renta
l Association of Namibia and the Tour and Safari Association of Namibia.[101]ජල සැපයුම් හා සනීපාරක්ෂාවNamibia is the only country in Sub-Saharan Africa to provide water through municipal departments.[102] The only bulk water supplier in Namibia is NamWater, which sells it to the respective municipalities which in turn deliver it through their reticulation networks.[102] In rural areas, the Directorate of Rural Water Supply in the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry is in charge of drinking water supply.[102]The UN evaluated in 2011 that Namibia has improved its water access network significantly since independencein 1990. A large part of the population can not, however, make use of these resources due to the prohibitively high consumption cost and the long distance between residences and water points in rural areas.[102] As a result, many Namibians prefer the traditional wells over the available water points far away.[103]Compared to the efforts made to improv
e access to safe water, Namibia is lagging behind in the provision of adequate sanitation.[104] This includes 298 schools that have no toilet facilities.[105] Over 50% of child deaths are related to lack of water, sanitation, or hygiene; 23% are due to diarrhea alone. The UN has identified a "sanitation crisis" in the country.[103]Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence:In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use areflung into the bush.[106] The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common[107
] and has been identified as a major health hazard.[105]ජනවිකාශයA group of Herero women, Windhoek, Namibiaහිමබා ගෝත්‍රිකයන්නැමීබියාවේ දරුවන්නැමීබියාව යනු මොන්ගොලියාවෙන් පසු ඉතා අවම ජනගහනයක් සහිත ස්වයිරී රාජ්‍යයි.[108] නැමීබියා ජනගහනයෙන් වැඩි පිරිස බන්ටු ජාතිකයන්ය.මීට අමතරව ඔවැම්බෝ ජාතිකයන්ද වැඩි ප්‍රතිශතයක් නැමීබියාවේ වාසය කරයී.මොවුන්ගෙන් වැඩි පිරිස උතුරු නැමීබියාවේ වාසය කරති.මීට අමතරව හීරරෝ හිම්බා ධමාරා නාමා යන ජන කොටස්ද නැමීබියාවේ වාසය කරති.In addition to the Bantu majority, there are large groups of Khoisan (such as Nama and San), who are descendants of the original inhabitants of Southern Africa. The country also contains some descendants of refugees from Angola. There are also two smaller groups of people with mixed racial origins, called "Coloureds" and "Basters", who together make up 8.0% (with the Coloureds outnumbering the Basters two to one). There is a large Chinese minority in Namibia.[109]Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin)
make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population.  Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa).[110] The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola.[111] The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).[112]Namibia conducts a census ever
y ten years. After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011.[113] The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be. This is called the de facto method.[114] For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.[115]The 2011 Population and Housing Census counted 2,113,077 inhabitants of Namibia. Between 2001 and 2011 the annual population growth was 1.4%, down from 2.6% in the previous ten–year period.[116]ආගමනැමීබියා ජනගහනයෙන් 80%–90%  ක්‍රිස්තියානි බැතිමතුන්ය,ඔවුන්ගෙන්  75% ප්‍රොතෙස්තන්ත නිකායට අයත් අතර  50%  පමණ දෙනා රෙපෙරමාදු නිකායට අයත්ය. යටත් විජිත බලපෑම නිසා වැඩි දෙනෙක් ක්‍රිස්තියානි බැතිමතුන් වුවද 10%–20%  අතර දෙනෙක් අදිවාසීන්ට අයත් ප්‍රාථමික ආගම් අදහති.[110]ක්‍රිස්තියානි මිෂ
නාරී ක්‍රියාකාරකම් නිසා 19 වන සියවස වනවිට නැමීබියානුවන් වැඩි දෙනෙක් ක්‍රිස්තියානි බැතිමතුන් විය.මේ අතර රෝමානු කතෝලිකයන් මෙතෝදිස්ත යන නිකායන්ට අයත් අයද මේ අතර වෙයි.මොවුන් වැඩි දෙනකුගේ ශාතෘෘ වරයානන් වන්නේ ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සෛ්ය.නැමීබියාව තුල යුදෙවු ආගමිකයන්ද සුළු පිරිසක් වාසය කරති.[117]භාෂාවනැමීබියාවේ රාජ්‍ය භාෂාව ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව වන අතර ඊට අමතරව ජ්ර්මන් බස අප්‍රිකානු බව ආදී විවිධ භාෂාවන් ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි.Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation."[118] Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its
implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system.[119] Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject.[119] As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.[120]According to the 2011 census, the most common languages are Oshiwambo (the most spoken language for 49% of households), Nama/Damara (11.3%), Afrikaans (10.4%), Kavango (9%), Otjiherero (9%).[116][121] The most widely understood and spoken language is English. Both Afrikaans and English are used primarily as a second language reserved for public communication.Most of the white population speaks either German or Afrikaans. Even today, 10
1 years after the end of the German colonial era, the German language plays a role as a commercial language. Afrikaans is spoken by 60% of the white community, German is spoken by 32%, English is spoken by 7% and Portuguese by 1%.[110] Geographical proximity to Portuguese-speaking Angola explains the relatively high number of Portuguese speakers; in 2011 these were estimated to be 100,000, or 4–5% of the total population.[122]ක්‍රීඩානැමීබියානු ජාතික රග්බි කණ්ඩායමනැම්බියාවේ ජනප්‍රියම ක්‍රීඩාව පාපන්දු ක්‍රීඩාවයි.නැම්බියා ජාතික පාපන්දු කණ්ඩායම ජාත්‍යන්තර වශයෙන් බොහෝ සමත්කම් දක්වා ඇත.නැම්බියානු ජාතික රග්බි කණ්ඩායමද කැපී පෙනෙන දක්ෂතා දැක්වූ කණ්ඩායමකි.ඔවුන් 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 සහ 2015 වසර වලදී ලෝක කුසලාන තරඟාවලියන්ට සහභාගීවී ඇත.ක්‍රිකට් හා දැල් පන්දු ක්‍රීඩාවන්ද නැම්බියාවේ ජනප්‍රියම ක්‍රීඩා වෙයි.Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Cham
pionships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon.The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m). He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships. He is also known for humanitarian activities in Namibia and beyond.Golfer Trevor Dodds won on the PGA Tour in 1998 (The Greater Greensborough Open) and won 15 tournaments in his career. He achieved a career high world ranking of 78 in 1998.The Swakopmund Skydiving Club in Swakopmund was founded in 1974, and operates still today from Swakopmund Airport.Professional cyclist and Namibian Road Race Champion Dan Craven represented Namibia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in both the road race and individual time trial.මාධ්‍යAlthough Namibia's population is fairly small, the country has a diverse choice of media; two TV stations, 19 radio stations (without counting community statio
ns), 5 daily newspapers, several weeklies and special publications compete for the attention of the audience. Additionally, a mentionable amount of foreign media, especially South African, is available. Online media are mostly based on print publication contents. Namibia has a state-owned Press Agency, called NAMPA.[123]The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.[123][124][125]The daily newspapers include the private publications The Namibian (English and other languages), Die
Republikein (Afrikaans), Allgemeine Zeitung (German) and Namibian Sun (English) as well as the state-owned New Era (predominantly English). Except for the largest newspaper, The Namibian, which is owned by a trust, the other mentioned private newspapers are part of the Democratic Media Holdings.[123]Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times. Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] and Prime FOCUS. Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine. Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications.[123]The broadcasting sector is dominated by the state-run Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). The public broadcaster offers a TV station as well as a "Nationa
l Radio" in English and nine language services in locally spoken languages. The nine private radio stations in the country are mainly English-language channels, except for Radio Omulunga (Oshiwambo) and Kosmos 94.1 (Afrikaans).Privately held One Africa TV has competed with NBC since the 2000s.[123][126]Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country.[127] The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[තහවුරු කර නොමැත] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia.[123] In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index.[128] In 2013, it was 19th.[129] In 2014 it ranked 22nd [130]Media and journalists in Namibia are repres
ented by the Namibian chapter of the Media Institute of Southern Africa and the Editors' Forum of Namibia. An independent media ombudsman was appointed in 2009 to prevent a state-controlled media council.[123]අධ්‍යාපනයනැමීබියාවේ පාසැලක්නැම්බියාව තුල නිදහස් අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමයක් පවතී.පළමු ශ්‍රේණියේ  සිට හත්වන ශ්‍රේණිය දක්වාවූ ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනයක්ද අටවන ශ්‍රේණියේ සිට දොළහ ශ්‍රේණිය දක්වාවූ ද්වීතිය අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමයක්ද නැම්බියාව තුල පවතී.1998 දී නැම්බියාව තුල ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය හදාරන සිසුන් ප්‍රමාණය 400,325 පමණ විය.එහි ද්වීතීය අධ්‍යාපනය හදාරන ප්‍රමාණය 115,237 පමණ විය.මෙහි පාසැල් තුල ශීෂ්‍ය-ගුරු අනුපාතය1999 දී තිස් දෙකට එකක් (32:1) ලෙස පැවතිණ.[131] [132]බොහෝ පාසැල් රජය මගින් පාලනයවන රජයේ පාසැල්වන අතර පෞද්ගලික පාසැල්ද තිහිපයක් පවතී.මෙහි විශ්ව විද්‍යාල හතරකින් පමණ ගුරුවරුන් පුහුණු කිරීම සිදුකරයි.කෘෂිකර්මය සදහා විශ්ව විද්‍යාල ආයතන තුනක්ද පොලිස් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයක් හා තවත් විශ්ව විද්‍යාල දෙකක් පවතී.සෞඛ්‍යLife expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – amon
g the lowest in the world.[133] The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV.[134] In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off."[135] As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.[136]The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection.[137] Given infection rates this larg
e, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002.[138]මේවාත් බලන්නහිම්බා ජනතාවනැමීබියාව ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි සුචියනැමීබියාව වටසනයොමුවසටහන්↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Afrikaans" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 25 February 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, German" (PDF). Government of Namibia. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.[permanent dead link]↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Khoekhoegowab" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 25 February 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Otjiherero" (PDF). Government of Namibia. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.[permanent dead link]↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Oshiwambo" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 1 March 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙත
ින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Rukwangali" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 25 February 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Setswana" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 25 February 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Communal Land Reform Act, Lozi" (PDF). Government of Namibia. 25 February 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 18 February 2016.↑ "Namibia Demographic and Health Survey 2013" (PDF). The Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) and ICF International. September 2014. p. 30. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 5 July 2021. Only people between 15 and 49 years of age were surveyed.↑ 10.0 10.1 Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). ↑ "Census data" (PDF). cms2.my.na. 10 July 2019 දින මුල් පිටපත (PDF) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2020-10-01.↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Report for Selected
Countries and Subjects". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 24 April 2023.↑ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 20 January 2019.↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 September 2022.↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180 ↑ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532 ↑ 17.0 17.1 Spriggs, A. (2001) "Africa: Namibia". ↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Vedder 1997, පිටු අංකය: 177.↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Drechsler, Horst (1980). ↑ Adhikari, Mohamed (2008).  උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Adhikari" defined multiple times with different content↑ Madley, Benjamin
(2005).  උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Madley" defined multiple times with different content↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Petronella Sibeene (17 April 2009). "Swapo Party Turns 49". New Era.↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Tapscott, Chris (January 1994). "Land reform in Namibia: Why not?". Southern African Report. 9 (3): 12. 24 December 2010 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.↑ Legal Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs↑ Udogu, E. Ike (2012). Liberating Namibia. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 158.↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ 35.0 35.1 "IRIN country profile Namibia". IRIN. March 2007. 17 February 2010 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 12 July 2010. {{cite news}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Brandt, Edgar (21 September 2012). "Land degrad
ation causes poverty". New Era.↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Spriggs, A. (2001) "Africa: Namibia". ↑ Cowling, S. 2001. ↑ van Jaarsveld 1987, Smith et al 1993↑ Spriggs, A. (2001) "Southern Africa: including parts of Botswana, northeastern Namibia, Zimbabwe, and northern South Africa". ↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Sparks, Donald L. "Namibia's Coastal and Marine Development Potential".  උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Sparks" defined multiple times with different content↑ "Paper and digital Climate Section". ↑  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2  {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)↑ Olszewski, John (13 May 2009). "Climate change forces us to recognise new normals". Namibia Economist. 13 May 2011 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.↑ Olszewski, John (25 June 2010). "Understanding Weather – not predicting it". Namibia Economist. 7 Dece
mber 2010 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී.↑ Adams, Gerry (15 April 2011). "Debilitating floods hit northern and central Namibia". United Nations Radio. 20 December 2016 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 26 October 2016.↑ van den Bosch, Servaas (29 March 2011). "Heaviest floods ever in Namibia". The Namibian.↑ Groundwater in Namibia සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2016-07-29 at the Wayback Machine. iwrm-namibia.info.na↑ 55.0 55.1 Stefanova, Kristina (August 2005).   උපුටාදැක්වීම් දෝෂය: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Stefanova" defined multiple times with different content↑ Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Programme Details (n.d.↑ Nature in Local Hands: The Case for Namibia's Conservancies සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2012-11-13 at the Wayback Machine.↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). ↑ Namibia: Constitution. eisa.org.za. ↑ Article 41 of the Constitution of the Republic of Namibia↑ Shivute, Peter (2008). "Foreword". In Bösl, Anton; Horn, Nico (e