Uliberali

Uliberali ni falsafa, mtazamo au msimamo wa kupenda  uhuru na usawa katika jamii. 

Falsafa hiyo imebadilikabadilika katika mfululizo wa nyakati kuanzia msisitizo juu ya ubinafsi hadi ule juu ya ustawi wa jamii.

Vilevile Waliberali wanatofuatiana kadiri ya nchi husika, lakini kwa jumla wanatetea uhuru wa dhamiri, uhuru wa dini, uhuru wa mawazo, uhuru wa kusema na kuandika, haki za kiraia, demokrasia, serikali kutokuwa na dini maalumu na ushirikiano wa kimataifa.

Asili ya jina
Mzizi wa jina hilo ni neno la Kilatini liber, yaani "huru".

Historia
Uliberali ulijitokeza kwa mara ya kwanza katika siasa wakati wa Falsafa ya Mwangaza (Enlightenment), ambapo ilikubaliwa na wanafalsafa na wachumi wengi katika nchi za Magharibi dhidi ya mila za usharifu, dini rasmi na ufalme usio na katiba.

Mwanafalsafa wa karne ya 17 John Locke huko Uingereza ndiye anayehesabiwa mara nyingi kama mwanzilishi wa uliberali. Locke alitetea hoja ya kwamba kila mtu ana haki asili za kuishi, kuwa huru na  kumiliki, akiongeza kwamba serikali hazitakiwi kutenda kinyume cha haki hizo. 

Falsafa hiyo ilichangia mapinduzi katika nchi mbalimbali, kama vile Mapinduzi ya Marekani na Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa na baada ya hapo ilienea haraka Ulaya na Amerika. 

Katika karne ya 20, Uliberali ulizidi kuenea kutokana na ushindi wa nchi zilizoufuata katika vita vikuu vyote viwili.

Hadi leo, vyama vya Kiliberali vinaendelea kutawala au kuathiri nchi mbalimbali duniani kote, na ubepari, kama tokeo la kulinda sana soko huria kwa msingi wa uliberali, ndio mfumo wa uchumi ulioenea karibu duniani kote baada ya ukomunisti kushindikana Urusi na katika nchi nyingine kadhaa.

Hata hivyo hoja nyingi zinazidi kutolewa dhidi ya ubepari na uliberali kwa jumla, kutokana na kuacha umati wa watu pembezoni mwa jamii kwa kuzidiwa katika ushindani usioratibiwa kati ya nchi zilizoendelea na nchi zinazoendelea, watu tajiri na mafukara.

Tanbihi

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Viungo vya nje

 Liberalism an article by Encyclopædia Britannica
 
 
 Liberalism/Antiliberalism A critical survey
 Guide to Classical Liberal Scholarship 

 
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