Greenland

Greenland (kwa Kiswahili Grinilandi pia; kwa Kikalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat = Nchi ya Wagreenland) ni nchi ya kujitawala chini ya ufalme wa Denmark lakini haihesabiwi kuwa sehemu ya Denmark yenyewe.

Eneo la Greenland ni kubwa, lakini idadi ya wakazi ni ndogo sana kwa sababu sehemu kubwa ya nchi (75%) imefunikwa na ganda nene la barafu.

Jina
Jina la Kiswahili limetokana na lile la Kiingereza "Greenland", ambalo ni tafsiri ya jina la Kidenmark "Grønland", linalomaanisha "nchi yenye rangi ya majani mabichi". 

Jina hilo Greenland lilitungwa miaka 1000 iliyopita, kwa sababu wakati ule hali ya hewa duniani ilikuwa na joto zaidi, na hapakuwa na barafu nyingi kama leo.

Jiografia
Kijiografia Greenland, kisiwa kikubwa kuliko vyote duniani, ni sehemu ya bamba la Amerika ya Kaskazini lakini kihistoria na kisiasa kwa karne kadhaa imekuwa na uhusiano wa karibu na Skandinavia (Ulaya ya Kaskazini).

Mlima wa juu wa Greenland ni Mlima Gunnbjørn (m 3,694 juu ya UB) katika Watkins Range. 

Mji mkuu ni Godthaab inayoitwa Nuuk (17,000).

Watu
Wananchi wengi (89.5%) ni wakazi asilia wenye asili ya Asia, ingawa wengi wao wana pia damu ya Kizungu kwa asilimia 25. Lugha yao ndiyo lugha rasmi pekee tangu mwaka 2009. 8.6% ni Wazungu wenye asili ya Skandinavia na wanaongea Kidenmark ambacho kinaendelea kutumiwa na wote katika nafasi kadhaa. Wakazi wengi wanaweza kuongea lugha zote mbili.

Upande wa dini, walio wengi ni Wakristo (96.1%), hasa Walutheri (85%).

Greenland inaongoza duniani kwa asilimia ya watu wanaojiua, pamoja na kuwa na idadi kubwa ya walevi.

Marejeo

Marejeo mengine

 Bardarson, I. (ed. Jónsson, F.) "Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson (Ivar Bårdssön)", (Copenhagen, 1930).
 CIA World Factbook, 2000.
 Conkling, P. W. et al. 2011. The Fate of Greenland: Lessons from Abrupt Climate Change, co-authored with Richard Alley, Wallace Broecker and George Denton, with photographs by Gary Comer, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
 Lund, S. 1959. The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 1. Taxonomical Part. Meddr Gronland. 156(1), pp. 1–245.
 Lund, S. 1959. The Marine Algae of East Greenland. 11. Geographic Distribution. Meddr Gronland. 156, pp. 1–70.
 Steffen, Konrad, N. Cullen, and R. Huff (2005). "Climate variability and trends along the western slope of the Greenland Ice Sheet during 1991–2004," Proceedings of the 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (San Diego).
 Sowa, F. 2013. Indigenous Peoples and the Institutionalization of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Greenland. In: Arctic Anthropology. 50(1), pp. 72-88.
 Sowa, F. 2013. Relations of Power & Domination in a World Polity: The Politics of Indigeneity & National Identity in Greenland. In: Heininen, L. Arctic Yearbook 2013. The Arctic of regions vs. the globalized Arctic. Akureyri: Northern Research Forum, pp. 184-198.www.arcticyearbook.com/ay2013 
 Sowa, F. 2014. Greenland. in: Hund, A. Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth’s Polar Regions. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, pp. 312-316.

Viungo vya nje

 Tovuti rasmi  
 Taarifa za jumla
 Greenland  entry at Denmark.dk.
 
 Greenland entry at Encyclopædia Britannica.
 A guide to Greenlandic Culture  at culture.gl.
 Greenland  at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
 
 Daily updated satellite images from Greenland
 Greenland profile from the BBC News
 Key Development Forecasts for the Kingdom of Denmark from International Futures
 Population in Greenland
 Official statistical information about Greenland from stat.gl.

 Serikali
Government Offices of Greenland 
 Greenlandic Government Information Center , the official English-language online portal (administered by the Greenland Ministry for Foreign Affairs)
Departement of Foreign Affairs of Greenland 
Greenland represented with the Kingdom of Denmark Embassies
Summary vital statistics about Greenland from Naatsorsueqqissaartarfik.

 Ramani
 
Satellite image of Greenland at the NASA Earth Observatory.

 Vyombo vya habari
Oil and Minerals Greenland  at Arctic Journal
Google news Greenland
History of Greenland: Primary Documents 
Geological maps of Greenland 

 Biashara
 World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Greenland

 Safari
Visit Greenland – the official Greenlandic Tourist Board

 Mengineyo
The Norse in the North Atlantic: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Memorial University of Newfoundland.
A Photographer’s View of Greenland  Documentary produced by Murray Fredericks
Vifanord.de – library of scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries.

Denmark
Amerika ya Kaskazini
Nchi za visiwa
Aktiki