Kangaja

Kangaja au vinuka ni samaki wa baharini wa jenasi Acanthurus, Ctenochaetus na Prionurus katika familia Acanthuridae wa oda Perciformes ambao wana rangi kali na jozi ya miiba kwa umbo la vijembe, mmoja kwa kila upande wa msingi wa mkia. Spishi fulani huitwa kinanzua, kingoye, togoo au tongoo pia.

Maelezo
Sifa bainifu ya kangaja ni miiba kwa umbo la vijembe, mmoja au miwili kila upande wa mkia ("mikia ya miiba"), ambayo ni mikali na hatari sana na hutumiwa kama ulinzi uliokithiri. Kwa sababu hii, samaki hawa wana rangi kali za onyo. Pezimgongo na pezimkundu ni makubwa na yanaenea kwa kariba urefu wote wa mwili. Mdomo mdogo una safu moja ya meno yanayotumika kwa kujilisha na miani.

Kangaja wanaweza kujilisha peke yao, lakini mara nyingi husafiri na kujilisha pia katika makundi. Kujilisha katika makundi kunaweza kuwa njia ya kuzonga majibu makali ya ulinzi ya matima wadogo wa jitihada ambao wanajitahidi kulinda sehemu ndogo za miani kwenye miamba ya matumbawe.

Spishi nyingi ni ndogo na zina urefu hadi sm 15-40, lakini baadhi ya wanajenasi wa Acanthurus na Prionurus wanaweza kukua wakubwa zaidi. Samaki hawa wanaweza kukua haraka katika matangi-samaki, kwa hivyo lazima ukubwa wa wastani ukaguliwe na kama wanafaa kabla ya kuwaongeza katika tangi la samaki wa baharini.

Spishi za Afrika
 Acanthurus auranticavus, Kangaja Madoa-machungwa (Orange-socket surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus bariene, Kangaja Macho-doa (Black-spot surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus blochii, Kangaja Mkia-mviringo (Ringtail surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus dussumieri, Kangaja Macho-mlia (Eyestripe surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus gahhm, Kangaja Mweusi (Black surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus leucocheilus, Kangaja Midomo-myeupe (Pale-lipped surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus leucosternon, Kangaja Buluu (Powderblue surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus lineatus, Kangaja Milia (Lined surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus mata, Kangaja Kinyago-njano (Elongate surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus monroviae, Kangaja wa Monrovia (Monrovia doctorfish)
 Acanthurus nigricauda, Kangaja Milia-myeusi (Epaulette surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus nigrofuscus, Kangaja Kahawia (Brown surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus nigroris, Kangaja Milia-buluu (Blue-lined surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus polyzona, Kangaja Punda-milia (Black-barred surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus pyroferus, Kangaja Matamvua-machungwa (Chocolate surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus sohal, Kangaja Sohal (Sohal surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus tennentii, Kangaja Milia-maradufu (Doubleband surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus thompsoni, Kangaja wa Thompson (Thompson's surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus triostegus, Kangaja Mfungwa (Convict surgeonfish)
 Acanthurus xanthopterus, Kangaja Mapezi-njano??? (Yellowfin surgeonfish)
 Ctenochaetus binotatus, Kangaja Madoa-maradufu (Twospot surgeonfish)
 Ctenochaetus striatus, Kangaja Michirizi (Striated surgeonfish)
 Ctenochaetus strigosus, Kangaja Macho-njano (Spotted surgeonfish)
 Ctenochaetus truncatus, Kangaja Macho-dhahabu (Indian gold-ring bristle-tooth)
 Prionurus biafraensis, Kangaja wa Biafra (Biafra doctorfish)

Picha

Marejeo
 Rashid Anam & Edoardo Mostarda (2012) Field identification guide for the living marine resources of Kenya. FAO, Rome.
 Gabriella Bianchi (1985) Field guide to the commercial marine brackish-water species of Tanzania. FAO, Rome.

Viungo vya nje
 Kangaja kwenye hifadhidata ya samaki 

Samaki