Yesu kadiri ya historia

Yesu kadiri ya historia ni ujuzi juu yake unaopatikana kwa kumchunguza kama mtu mwingine yeyote, mbali na imani ya dini, ili kuelewa vizuri maisha yake yalivyokuwa kihistoria.

Fani hiyo inavyodai, ni lazima kuchunguza habari tulizonazo juu yake ili kuthibitisha ukweli wake.

Yesu hakuacha maandiko yoyote. Habari zake zinapatikana hasa katika Biblia, kwa namna ya pekee katika Injili nne na vitabu vingine vya Agano Jipya.

Yapo pia mengine ya Wakristo yasiyokubaliwa na Kanisa kama Neno la Mungu hasa kwa sababu yalichelewa kuandikwa (kuanzia karne ya 2).

Nje ya Ukristo kuna habari fupi kuhusu Yesu katika maandiko ya waandishi wa Roma, Wagiriki na Wayahudi. Habari hizo zinaangaliwa sana kwa sababu zimetungwa na watu wasiomwamini Yesu kidini.

Kwa ujumla zinathibitisha ya kwamba Yesu alikuwepo, na kwamba wakati hao walipoandika alikuwa na wafuasi huko Roma na ya kwamba awali Waroma hawakuelewa tofauti kati ya wafuasi wake na Wayahudi

Kati ya waandishi hao muhimu ni hasa:

1. Mtaalamu Myahudi Flavius Josephus: huyo aliandika miaka 93-94 BK kitabu cha "Antiquitates Judaicae“ (Habari za historia ya Wayahudi) akitaja kifo cha "Yakobo ndugu wa Yesu“ (sura ya 20, 200). 

2. Mwandishi Mroma Tacitus: huyo aliandika mnamo mwaka 117 ya kwamba Kaisari Nero alishtaki kikundi cha “Chrestiani” ya kuwa wamechoma moto mji wa Roma. Aliongeza: “Mtu ambaye ni asili ya jina hilo ni Chrestus aliyeuawa wakati wa Tiberio kwa amri ya Pontio Pilato” (Annales XV,44).

3. Mwandishi Mroma Svetonius: huyo alimtaja “Chrestos” katika kitabu chake juu ya maisha ya Kaisari Klaudio (25,4) ya kwamba huyu amesababisha fujo kati ya Wayahudi wa Roma hivyo Kaisari aliwafukuza wote mjini.

4. Mwanasiasa Mroma Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus: huyo aliacha barua kadhaa zinazotaja Wakristo mnamo mwaka 100 BK. Alimwuliza Kaisari Traianus jinsi ya kushughulikia Wakristo waliokataa kutoa sadaka mbele ya sanamu za Kaisari.

Tanbihi

Marejeo

Brown, Raymond E. (1997) An Introduction to the New Testament. Doubleday ISBN 0-385-24767-2
Daniel Boyarin (2004). Border Lines. The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Doherty, Earl (1999). The Jesus Puzzle. Did Christianity Begin with a Mythical Christ? : Challenging the Existence of an Historical Jesus. ISBN 0-9686014-0-5
Drews, Arthur & Burns, C. Deslisle (1998). The Christ Myth (Westminster College-Oxford Classics in the Study of Religion). ISBN 1-57392-190-4
Ellegård, Alvar Jesus – One Hundred Years Before Christ: A Study in Creative Mythology, (London 1999).
France, R.T. (2001). The Evidence for Jesus. Hodder & Stoughton.
Freke, Timothy & Gandy, Peter. The Jesus Mysteries - was the original Jesus a pagan god? ISBN 0-7225-3677-1
George, Augustin & Grelot, Pierre (Eds.) (1992). Introducción Crítica al Nuevo Testamento. Herder. ISBN 84-254-1277-3

Gowler, David B. (2007). What Are They Saying About the Historical Jesus?. Paulist Press.
Grant, Michael, Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels, Scribner, 1995. ISBN 0-684-81867-1
Meier, John P., A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Anchor Bible Reference Library, Doubleday
 (1991), v. 1, The Roots of the Problem and the Person, ISBN 0-385-26425-9
 (1994), v. 2, Mentor, Message, and Miracles, ISBN 0-385-46992-6
 (2001), v. 3, Companions and Competitors, ISBN 0-385-46993-4
 (2009), v. 4, Law and Love, ISBN 978-0-300-14096-5
Mendenhall, George E. (2001). Ancient Israel's Faith and History: An Introduction to the Bible in Context. ISBN 0-664-22313-3
Messori, Vittorio (1977). Jesus hypotheses. St Paul Publications. ISBN 0-85439-154-1
New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, New Revised Standard Version. (1991) New York, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-528356-2

Wells, George A. (1988). The Historical Evidence for Jesus. Prometheus Books. ISBN 0-87975-429-X
Wells, George A. (1998). The Jesus Myth. ISBN 0-8126-9392-2
Wells, George A. (2004). Can We Trust the New Testament?: Thoughts on the Reliability of Early Christian Testimony. ISBN 0-8126-9567-4
Wilson, Ian (2000). Jesus: The Evidence (1st ed.). Regnery Publishing.

Yesu Kristo