Wadinka

Wadinka ni moja ya makabila ya Sudani Kusini. Ndilo kabila kubwa zaidi nchini, wao ni asilimia kumi na nane ya watu wote wa Sudani Kusini. Kabila hilo lina matawi matatu: Bahr Ga Zal, Bor, na Apadang, na ndani ya matawi matatu kuna koo hamsini na sita.

Wadinka ni Waniloti na wanaishi kandokando ya mto Nile, katika miji mingi kutoka Mangalla hadi Renk katika mikoa ya Bahr el-Ghazal na Greater Upper Nile. 

Wadinka wana vipengele maalum: kwanza, ni warefu sana; wanaume ni warefu kuliko watu wote wa Afrika pamoja na Watutsi wa Rwanda na wa nchi za kandokando. Pia ni weusi kuliko watu wote duniani. 

Katika lugha yao, mtu mmoja anaitwa “Jieng”, na watu wengi wanaitwa “Muonjang”; wanazungumza "Thuonejieng". 

Wadinka hawana mamlaka kuu kati yao wote bali wanatumia koo. Wana machifu ambao husaidia kutoa mwongozo na uongozi. Katika miji, kuna baraza la wazee; wanasaidia kwa kutoa maamuzi. Baraza la wazee hurithishwa toka vizazi na vizazi lakini mara kwa mara watu wanapiga kura pia.

Historia
Kwa kawaida, utamaduni wa Wadinka hufundishwa kwa historia ya mdomo. Hadithi lazima isimuliwe kwa sababu hawakuwa na lugha ambayo imeandikwa katika historia yao.

Wadinka wanaishi katika nchi yote lakini kulikuwa na koo ambayo kwa asili waliishi katika mji wa Khartoum. Katika lugha ya Kidinka, maana ya Khartoum ni mahali ambapo Nile Nyeupe inakutana na Nile ya buluu. 

Wakati wa utumwa, Wadinka walipigana karibu na kusini, kila mwaka kulikuwa na vita zaidi na wao walihamia kusini zaidi. Sasa Wadinka wanaishi katika Sudani Kusini tu, na wao huhamahama kwa malisho na kilimo.

Imani
Wadinka wanaishi kwa jadi kilimo na ufugaji, na wanatumia ng’ombe kama utamaduni wao mkuu. Katika kabila la Wadinka, ng’ombe ni muhimu sana; ng’ombe hutumika kwa mila, mahari, na maziwa. Wadinka wanalima mazao ya chakula na mazao ya biashara. Wanatoa mtama, uwele, mahindi, karanga na mazao mengine mengi.

Wadinka wana dini mbalimbali kama Ukristo, Uislamu, na dini za jadi. Kwa Wadinka, ufugaji wao ni kama imani za kidini. Katika dini za jadi, watu wengi wanafanya uchawi, wana mungu anayeitwa “Nhialic”. Nhialic anazungumza kwa njia ya milki ya mtu. Wakati huo, ni lazima kutoa kafara ya ng’ombe. 

Wakati wavulana wanapofikia umri wa miaka kumi au kumi na moja, wakati wa sherehe ya kimila, huwekewa alama katika paji la uso na huwa wanaume. Kila ukoo una alama tofauti. Wakati wa sherehe, wavulana wanapata majina mapya, na majina mapya yatakuwa majina ya ng’ombe. Majina hayo ni kama Malual, Mabior, Majok, Majak, n.k. Wadinka wanaamini, nguvu inakuja kutoka katika ardhi, asili na mungu.

Jamii
Kulikuwa na vita katika Sudani Kusini, Wadinka wengi walihamia nchi nyingine. 

Kuna Wadinka wengi katika nchi ya Marekani, katika mji wa Kansas City, jimbo la Missouri, mji wa Atlanta jimbo la Georgia, mji wa Omaha jimbo la Nebraska, mji wa Dallas jimbo la Texas, na mji wa Des Moines jimbo la Iowa. 

Kuna watu wengi katika nchi ya Australia pia; wanaishi katika miji mingi kama Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, na Brisbane.

Koo za Wadinka
Rek wa Wau (Dinka Marial Baai), Palieupiny Malual, Pajook Malual (Malual Gieernyaang/ Malual Buoth Anyaar), Paliet Malual, Abiem Malual, Twic Mayaardit, Kuac Ayok, Awan Chan, Awan Mou, Wan Parek, Aguok Kuei, Apuk Tonyrok, Apuk Padooc, Apuk Jurwiir, Konggoor, Abiem Mayaar, Lou Ariik, Lou Paheer, Luac (Luanyjang), Luac (Luanykoth), Akook, Thiik, Jalwau, Nyang Akoc, Abuook, Atok, Noi, Leer, Muok, Yaar Ayiei Cikom, Thony, Gok, Kuei (Agaar), Rup (Agaar), Pakam (Agaar), Parial (Agaar), Yak (Agaar), Atuot, Ciec, Aliap, Bor, Twi (Twic of Jonglei), Nyarweng, Hol, Luac Akok(Luac of Khorfulus), Rut, Thoi, Ruweng Paweny, Ngok Lual Yak (Ngok of Malakal), Dongjol, Nyiel, Ageer, Abialaang, Ruweng Paanaruu, Ruweng Aloor and Ngok Jok (Ngok of Abyei).

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Makabila ya Sudan Kusini