Historia ya Ufaransa

inahusu eneo ambalo siku hizi linaunda Jamhuri ya Ufaransa.

Historia ya awali

Ufaransa ulikaliwa na watu tangu muda mrefu sana. Utafiti wa akiolojia umeonyesha vifaa vya mawe vyenye umri wa miaka laki iliyopita.

Gallia

Watu wa Ufaransa waliingia katika historia andishi kupitia taarifa za waandishi wa Roma ya Kale walioeleza habari za majirani wao Wagallia katika Italia kaskazini na Ufaransa wa leo. Hao Wagallia walikuwa Wakelti na mara kwa mara katika hali ya vita kati yao na Waroma. 

Kuanzia mwaka 58 KK Juliasi Caesar aliteka na kutawala Gallia yote kwa niaba ya Jamhuri ya Roma. 

Gallia ikaendelea kuwa moja ya majimbo tajiri ya Roma na wakazi wengi walitumia lahaja za Kilatini kilichopata kuwa mama wa Kifaransa cha sasa. Lahaja za Kikelti zilibaki katika maeneo ya kando tu, kwa mfano Bretagne. 

Polepole wakazi wengi walipata kuwa Wakristo wa Kanisa Katoliki.

Sehemu ya Milki ya Wafaranki

Wakati wa kuporomoka kwa Dola la Roma makabila ya Kigermanik waliingia katika eneo la Ufaransa na kuchukua utawala mikononi mwao. 

Kabila la Kigermanik la Wafaranki lilitawala sehemu kubwa ya Ufaransa pamoja na Ujerumani ya magharibi mnamo mwaka 500. 

Mfalme wao Chlodwig (tamka klod-vig) alipokea Ukristo wa Kikatoliki kama dini rasmi ya milki yake.

Mfalme Karolo Mkuu alipanua mipaka ya milki hadi Ujerumani ya kaskazini na Italia na mwaka 800 akapokea cheo cha Kaisari wa Roma kwa mikono ya Papa Leo III.

Chanzo cha ufalme wa Ufaransa
Baada ya kifo cha Karolo na mwanawe, milki iligawiwa kati ya warithi kwenye mkataba wa Verdun mwaka 843. 

Miaka 100 baadaye mtemi wa Paris Hugo Capet alichukua nafasi ya wajukuu wa Karolo na wafuasi wake waliendelea kuimarisha mamlaka ya kifalme.

Ugawaji wa mwaka 843 ulikuwa chanzo cha Ufaransa kama nchi ya pekee. Mwanzoni ilijulikana kama "milki ya Wafaranki wa magharibi" ilhali sehemu za Ujerumani ziliitwa "milki ya Wafaranki wa mashariki". Lakini Wagermanik katika Ufaransa walikuwa wameshaacha lugha yao asilia na kutumia kile Kilatini-Kifaransa cha siku zile.

Wafalme wa sehemu walikuwa dhaifu mwanzoni na mamlaka kubwa ilikuwa mikononi wa makabaila katika majimbo ya ufalme.

Ufaransa na Uingereza

Kwa karne kadhaa historia ya Ufaransa ilikuwa na ugumu wa pekee kutokana na mchanganyiko wake na historia ya Uingereza. Mwaka 1066 mtemi William wa Normandi aliyekuwa chini ya mfalme wa Ufaransa alivamia Uingereza na kuwa mfalme huko lakini yeye pamoja na warithi wake waliendelea kuwa watemi wa jimbo la Normandi. Kwa njia hiyo watemi wa Normandi waliingia mara nyingi kwa nguvu katika siasa ya Ufaransa.

Baada ya kifo cha mtawala wa mwisho kutoka ukoo wa Hugo Capet Wanormandi walidai cheo cha mfalme wa Ufaransa na hii ilikuwa chanzo cha vita ya miaka 100. Mwishowe Waingereza walipaswa kuacha karibu mali yote kutoka urithi wa Wanormandi.

Kilele cha ufalme hadi mapinduzi ya 1789

Milki ya Ufaransa iliendelea kuwa nchi yenye nguvu katika Ulaya. 

Katika vita ya miaka 30 (1618 - 1648) iliweza kujipatia nafasi ya mwamuzi katika siasa ya Ulaya bara.

Wakati huohuo matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti yalikuwa yameshaenea na watemi Waprotestanti walitawala maeneo makubwa ya Ufaransa.

Mfalme Louis XIV wa Ufaransa aliona hali hiyo kama [[hatari] kwa mamlaka yake, akafuta ahadi zote kwa Waprotestanti hadi wakaondoka nchini kwa wingi. 

Baada ya Louis XIV, waandamizi wake waliongeza madeni ya serikali kwa vita vingi dhidi ya Uingereza na ujenzi wa majumba makubwa. 

Matatizo makali ya kiuchumi pamoja na mawazo mapya ya Zama za Mwangaza yalisababisha mapinduzi ya Kifaransa ya mwaka 1789. 

Mamlaka ya mfalme iliondolewa na baada ya kipindi jamhuri kutangaziwa ilhali mfalme alishtakiwa kuwa msaliti na kupewa adhabu ya mauti.

Napoleone

Baada ya mapinduzi, Ufaransa uliingia katika vita na falme nyingine za Ulaya zilizoona mapinduzi ni hatari kwao. Wapinzani walikuwa hasa Uingereza, Austria na pia Prussia. Kwa jumla jeshi la kimapinduzi lilifaulu kutetea eneo la Ufaransa na kuingia katika sehemu za Ujerumani, Uholanzi na Italia.

Katika vita hivyo afisa kijana, kwa jina Napoleon Bonaparte, alipanda vyeo haraka hadi kuingia katika siasa; mwaka 1799 alichukua mamlaka yote kwa kutumia cheo cha "konsuli wa kwanza" na tangu 1804 alijiita "Kaisari wa Wafaransa".

Katika vita vya mfululizo aliteka sehemu kubwa ya nchi za Ulaya au kuzilazimisha kumfuata. Baada ya kushinda Prussia na Austria na kutawala Italia pamoja na Hispania alikuwa mkuu wa Ulaya. 

Lakini vita alivyoanzishwa mwaka 1812 dhidi ya Urusi vilikuwa msingi wa kushindwa kwake. 

Mwaka 1814 alipaswa kusalimu amri, akapelekwa kwenye kisiwa cha Elba (Italia); aliporudi barani na kujaribu kuwa mkuu wa Ufaransa tena, jeshi lake lilishindwa katika mapigano ya Waterloo mwaka 1815 na Napoleon akawa mfungwa kwenye kisiwa cha St Helena hadi kifo chake.

Karne mbili za mwisho
Baadaye ufalme ulirudishwa kwa msaada wa nchi zilizoshauriana pamoja kwenye mkutano wa Vienna 1815, lakini ulipinduliwa tena.

Katika karne ya 19 Ufaransa ulijitwalia makoloni mengi, hasa Afrika.

Katika vita vikuu vya kwanza, ulivamiwa na Wajerumani, lakini mwisho uliibuka na ushindi na kurudishiwa mikoa ya Alsace na Lorraine iliyotekwa na Ujerumani katika vita vya mwaka 1870.

Baada ya vita vikuu vya pili ambako nchi ilitekwa na Ujerumani kwa kiasi kikubwa, Ufaransa ulipata katiba mpya na kujiunga na NATO (1949) na mwanzo wa Umoja wa Ulaya (tangu 1951). Ilihesabiwa kati ya washindi wa vita na kupata kiti cha kudumu kwenye Baraza la Usalama la UM.

Wakati huohuo utawala wake juu ya makoloni ulianza kuporomoka. Baada ya kushindwa katika Vita vya kwanza vya Indochina mwaka 1954 Ufaransa ulipaswa kukubali uhuru wa Vietnam Kaskazini, Vietnam Kusini, Laos na Kambodia. 

Makoloni yake mengi katika Afrika yalipata uhuru bila vita mnamo 1960. Ila Aljeria, iliyowahi kutangazwa kuwa sehemu ya Ufaranya yenyewe, ilipata uhuru wake baada ya vita vikali vya kupigania uhuru vya miaka 1954 - 1962.

Katika kipindi hiki cha vurugu jenerali Charles de Gaulle alichaguliwa kuwa rais chini ya katiba mpya iliyounda mfumo wa rais kama kiongozi wa serikali mwenye mamlaka makubwa. 

Vyama mbalimbali vilivyoendelea kutetea itikadi ya de Gaulle hata baada ya kifo chake vinaendelea kuwa mkondo muhimu katika siasa ya Ufaransa na marais walichaguliwa ama kutoka mkondo huo (Jaques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy) au kutoka Chama cha Kisoshalisti (Francois Mitterand, Francois Hollande).

Tangu miaka ya 1980 chama kipya cha Front National kilianza kupata kura kikipinga uhusiano wa karibu na Umoja wa Ulaya na wahamiaji Waislamu kutoka nchi za Afrika ya Kaskazini.

Katika uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2017 ilitokea kwa mara ya kwanza ya kwamba wagombea wa vyama vikubwa walishindwa kupata kura nyingi na awamu ya mwisho ya uchaguzi ilikuwa kati ya mgombea wa kujitegemea Emmanuel Macron (aliyepata urais) na Marie Le Pen wa Front National.

Tanbihi

Marejeo

Ya jumla
 Fenby, Jonathan France: A Modern History from the Revolution to the War with Terror (2016) excerpt
Fierro, Alfred. Historical Dictionary of Paris (1998)  392pp, an abridged translation of his Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris (1996), 1580pp
 Goubert, Pierre. The Course of French History (1991), standard French textbook excerpt and text search; also complete text online
 Haine, W. Scott. The History of France (2000), 280 pp. textbook. and text search; also online edition 
 Jones, Colin, and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. The Cambridge Illustrated History of France (1999) excerpt and text search
 Jones, Colin. Paris: Biography of a City (2004), 592pp; comprehensive history by a leading British scholar excerpt and text search
 McMillan, James F. Twentieth-Century France: Politics and Society in France 1898–1991 (2009)
 Popkin, Jeremy D. A History of Modern France (2005), 384pp; textbook coverage from the 1750s; excerpt and text search
 Price, Roger. A Concise History of France (1993) excerpt and text search
 Raymond, Gino. Historical Dictionary of France (2nd ed. 2008) 528pp

Historia upande wa jamii, uchumi na utamaduni
 Ariès, Philippe. Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (1965)
 Beik, William. A Social and Cultural History of Early Modern France (2009)  excerpt and text search
 Cameron, Rondo.  France and the Economic Development of Europe, 1800–1914: Conquests of Peace and Seeds of War (1961), awide-ranging economic and business history
 Caron, François. An Economic History of Modern France (1979) online edition 
 Charle, Christophe. A Social History of France in the 19th century (1994).
 Clapham, H. G. Economic Development of France and Germany, 1824–1914 (1921). 
 Clough, S. B. France, A History of National Economics, 1789–1939 (1939). 
 Dormois, Jean-Pierre. The French Economy in the Twentieth Century (2004)  excerpt and text search
 Dunham, Arthur L. The Industrial Revolution in France, 1815–1848 (1955) online edition 
 Hafter, Daryl M. and Nina Kushner, eds. Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century France (Louisiana State University Press; 2014) 250 pages; Scholarly essays on female artists, "printer widows," women in manufacturing, women and contracts, and elite prostitution.
 Hewitt, Nicholas, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Modern French Culture (2003) excerpt and text search
 Heywood, Colin. The Development of the French Economy 1750–1914 (1995)  excerpt and text search
 McMillan, James F. France and Women 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics (Routledge, 2000) 286 pp.
 McPhee, Peter. A Social History of France, 1789–1914 (2nd ed. 2004)

Karne za Kati
 Duby, Georges. France in the Middle Ages 987–1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc (1993), survey by a leader of the Annales School excerpt and text search
 Bloch, Marc. Feudal Society: Vol 1: The Growth and Ties of Dependence (1989); Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation(1989) excerpt and text search
 Bloch, Marc. French Rural History an Essay on Its Basic Characteristics (1972)
 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324 (1978) excerpt and text search
 Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. The Peasants of Languedoc (1966; English translation 1974) text search
 Potter, David. France in the Later Middle Ages 1200–1500, (2003) excerpt and text search

Mwanzo wa wakati wa kisasa
 Collins, James B. The state in early modern France (2nd ed. 2009) excerpt and text search
 Davis, Natalie Zemon. Society and culture in early modern France (1975)
, historiography
 Holt, Mack P. Renaissance and Reformation France: 1500–1648 (2002) excerpt and text search
 Holt, Mack P., ed. Society and Institutions in Early Modern France (1991), articles by scholars
 Potter, David. A History of France, 1460–1560: The Emergence of a Nation-State (1995)

Kabla ya mapinduzi
 Doyle, William. Old Regime France: 1648–1788 (2001) excerpt and text search
Doyle, William, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime (2012) 656pp  excerpt and text search; 32 topical chapters by experts
 Goubert, Pierre. Louis XIV and Twenty Million Frenchmen (1972), social history from Annales School
 Jones, Colin. The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon (2002) excerpt and text search
 LeRoy Ladurie, Emmanuel. The Ancien Régime: A History of France 1610–1774 (1999), survey by leader of the Annales School excerpt and text search
 Lynn, John A. The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (1999) excerpt and text search
 Roche, Daniel. France in the Enlightenment (1998), wide-ranging history 1700–89 excerpt and text search
 Wolf, John B. Louis XIV (1968), the standard scholarly biography online edition

Mwangaza
 Baker, Keith Michael. Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century. 1990. excerpt and text search
 Blom, Philipp. Enlightening the World: Encyclopédie, the Book That Changed the Course of History. 2005. 416 pp. excerpt and text search
 Chisick, Harvey. Historical Dictionary of the Enlightenment. 2005. 512 pp
 Davidson, Ian. Voltaire. A Life (2010). 
 Delon, Michel. Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment (2001) 1480pp
 Goodman, Dena. The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment (1994) 338 pp online edition 
 Hazard, Paul. European thought in the eighteenth century: From Montesquieu to Lessing (1965)
 Kaiser, Thomas E. "This Strange Offspring of Philosophie: Recent Historiographical Problems in Relating the Enlightenment to the French Revolution." French Historical Studies 15 (Spring 1988): 549–62. in JSTOR
 Kors, Alan Charles. Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment (4 vol. 1990; 2nd ed. 2003), 1984pp excerpt and tyext search
 Roche, Daniel. France in the Enlightenment. 1998. 736 pp.
 Spencer, Samia I., ed. French Women and the Age of Enlightenment. 1984.
 Vovelle, Michel and Cochrane, Lydia G., eds. Enlightenment Portraits. 1997. 456 pp.
 Wilson, Arthur. Diderot. 1972.

Mapinduzi
 Andress, David. French Society in Revolution, 1789–1799 (1999)
 Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution (1989). online complete edition ; also excerpt and text search
 Doyle, William. The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. (2001), 120pp; online edition 
 Forrest, Alan. The French Revolution and the Poor (1981)
 Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. ed. The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History (ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006)
 Frey, Linda S. and Marsha L. Frey. The French Revolution. (2004) 190pp online edition 
 Furet, François. The French Revolution, 1770–1814 (1996) excerpt and text search
 Furet, François and Mona Ozouf, eds. A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution (1989), 1120pp; long essays by scholars; conservative perspective; stress on history of ideas excerpt and online search from Amazon.com
Hampson, Norman. Social History of the French Revolution (2006)
 Jones, Colin. The Longman Companion to the French Revolution (1989)
 Jones, Colin. The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon (2002) excerpt and text search
Jones, Peter. The Peasantry in the French Revolution (1988)
Lefebvre, Georges. The French Revolution (1962)
Lucas, Colin. ed., The Political Culture of the French Revolution (1988)
 Neely, Sylvia.  A Concise History of the French Revolution (2008)
 Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution (1987), hundreds of short entries.
 Schwab, Gail M., and John R. Jeanneney, eds. The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact (1995) online edition 
 Scott, Samuel F. and Barry Rothaus. Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, 1789–1799 (2 vol 1984), short essays by scholars
 Schama, Simon. Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution (1989), highly readable narrative by scholar excerpt and text search
 Sutherland, D.M.G. France 1789–1815. Revolution and Counter-Revolution (2nd ed. 2003, 430pp) excerpts and online search from Amazon.com

Matokeo yake ya kudumu
 Berenson, Edward, and Vincent Duclert, eds. The French Republic: History, Values, Debates (2011), 38 short essays by leading scholars on the political values of the French Republic  excerpt
 Englund, Steven. "Church and state in France since the Revolution," Journal of Church & State (1992) 34#2 pp 325–61
 Furet, François. Revolutionary France 1770–1880 (1995)  excerpt and text search
 Gildea, Robert. The Past in French History (1994)
 Gildea, Robert. Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799–1814 (2008)
 Harison, Casey. "Teaching the French Revolution: Lessons and Imagery from Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Textbooks," History Teacher (2002) 35#2 pp 137–62 in JSTOR
O'Rourke, Kevin H. "The Worldwide Economic Impact of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815," Journal of Global History (2006), 1#1 pp 123–149.
 Palmer, Robert R. The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760–1800. (2 vol 1959), highly influential comparative history; vol 1 online 
 Stromberg, Roland N. "Reevaluating the French Revolution," History Teacher (1986) 20#1 pp 87–108. in JSTOR

Napoleone
 
 Emsley, Clive. Napoleon 2003, succinct coverage of life, France and empire; little on warfare
 Englund, Steven. Napoleon: A Political Life. (2004). the best political biography excerpt and text search
 Fisher, Herbert. Napoleon (1913) old classic online edition free
 Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. ed. The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History (ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006)
 Grab, Alexander. Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe. (2003), maps; excellent synthesis
 Harold, J. Christopher. The Age of Napoleon (1963) popular history stressing empire and diplomacy
 Markham, Felix. Napoleon 1963. online edition 
 McLynn, Frank. Napoleon: A Biography (2003) stress on military
; evaluation of major books on Napoleon & his wars
 Nafziger, George F. Historical Dictionary of the Napoleonic Era. 2002.
 Nicholls, David. Napoleon: A Biographical Companion. 1999.
 Richardson, Hubert N. B. A Dictionary of Napoleon and His Times (1920) online free 489pp
 Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon: A Life (2014), major scholarly biography, 926 pages; favourable to Napoleon
 Thompson, J. M. Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall (1954), scholarly, well-balanced in topics, but pro-Britain
 Tulard, Jean. Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour (1984)

1815–1870
 Agulhon, Maurice. The Republican Experiment, 1848–1852 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1983) excerpt and text search
 Artz, Frederick. France Under the Bourbon Restoration, 1814–1830 (Harvard University Press,  1931) online
 Campbell, Stuart L. The Second Empire Revisited: A Study in French Historiography (1978)
 Charle, Christophe. A Social History of France in the Nineteenth Century (1994)
 Echard, William E. Historical Dictionary of the French Second Empire, 1852–1870 (1985) online edition 
 Fortescue, William. Revolution and Counter-revolution in France, 1815–1852 (Blackwell, 1988).
 Gildea, Robert. Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799–1914 (2008)
 Jardin, André, and Andre-Jean Tudesq. Restoration and Reaction 1815–1848 (The Cambridge History of Modern France)  (1988)
 Plessis, Alain. The Rise and Fall of the Second Empire, 1852–1871 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1988) excerpt and text search
 Price, Roger. A Social History of Nineteenth-Century France (1987) 403pp. 403 pgs. online edition 
 Spitzer, Alan B. "The Good Napoleon III," French Historical Studies (1962) 2#3 pp. 308–329 in JSTOR; historiography; praises his domestic policies
 Wolf, John B.  France: 1815 to the Present (1940) online free pp 1–348.

1871–1940
 Bernard, Philippe, and Henri Dubief. The Decline of the Third Republic, 1914–1938  (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1988) excerpt and text search
 Bury, J. P. T. France, 1814–1940 (2003) ch 9–16
 Kedward, Rod. France and the French: A Modern History (2007) pp 1–245
 Lehning, James R.; To Be a Citizen: The Political Culture of the Early French Third Republic (2001) online edition 
 McMillan, James F. Twentieth-Century France: Politics and Society in France 1898–1991  (1992)
 Mayeur, Jean-Marie, and Madeleine Rebirioux. The Third Republic from its Origins to the Great War, 1871–1914 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1988) excerpt and text search
 Price, Roger. A Social History of Nineteenth-Century France (1987) 403pp. 403 pgs. complete text online at Questia
 Robb, Graham. The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography, from the Revolution to the First World War (2007)
 Sowerwine, Charles. France since 1870: Culture, Society and the Making of the Republic (2009) excerpt and text search 
 
 Weber, Eugen. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914 (1976) excerpt and text search
 Wolf, John B.  France: 1815 to the Present (1940) online free pp 349–501.
Zeldin, Theodore. France, 1848–1945 (2 vol. 1979), topical approach

Vita vikuu vya kwanza
 Greenhalgh, Elizabeth. Victory through Coalition: Britain and France during the First World War (Cambridge University Press, 2005) 304pp
 Tucker, Spencer, ed. European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia (1999)
 Winter, J. M. Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin, 1914–1919 (1999)

Vichy (1940–44)
  Azema, Jean-Pierre. From Munich to Liberation 1938–1944 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1985)
 Berthon, Simon.  Allies at War: The Bitter Rivalry among Churchill, Roosevelt, and de Gaulle. (2001). 356 pp.
 Funk, Arthur Layton. Charles de Gaulle: The Crucial Years, 1943–1944 (1959) online edition
 Gildea, Robert.  Marianne in Chains: Daily Life in the Heart of France During the German Occupation (2004)  excerpt and text search
 Jackson, Julian. France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944 (2003)  excerpt and text search
 Kersaudy, Francois. Churchill and De Gaulle (2nd ed 1990 482pp
 Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle: The Rebel 1890–1944 (1984; English ed. 1991), 640pp;  excerpt and text search
 Paxton, Robert O.  Vichy France 2nd ed. (2001)  excerpt and text search

Baada ya mwaka 1944
  Berstein, Serge, and Peter Morris. The Republic of de Gaulle 1958–1969 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (2006)  excerpt and text search
 Berstein, Serge, Jean-Pierre Rioux, and Christopher Woodall. The Pompidou Years, 1969–1974 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (2000) excerpt and text search
 Bourg, Julian ed. After the Deluge: New Perspectives on the Intellectual and Cultural History of Postwar France (2004) 426 pp. .
 Cerny, Philip G.  The Politics of Grandeur: Ideological Aspects of de Gaulle's Foreign Policy. (1980). 319 pp.
 Chabal, Emile, ed. France since the 1970s: History, Politics and Memory in an Age of Uncertainty (2015)  Excerpt
 Fenby, Jonathan The General: Charles de Gaulle and the France He Saved (2010) excerpt
 Hauss, Charles. Politics in Gaullist France: Coping with Chaos (1991) online edition 
 Kedward, Rod. France and the French: A Modern History (2007) pp 310–648
 Kolodziej, Edward A. French International Policy under de Gaulle and Pompidou: The Politics of Grandeur (1974) online edition 
 Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle: The Ruler 1945–1970 (1993)
 McMillan, James F. Twentieth-Century France: Politics and Society in France 1898–1991  (1992)
 Northcutt, Wayne. Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 (1992)
  Rioux, Jean-Pierre, and Godfrey Rogers. The Fourth Republic, 1944–1958 (1989) (The Cambridge History of Modern France)
 Sowerwine, Charles. France since 1870: Culture, Society and the Making of the Republic (2009) excerpt and text search
 Williams, Charles. The Last Great Frenchman: A Life of General De Gaulle (1997)  excerpt and text search
 Williams, Philip M. and Martin Harrison. De Gaulle's Republic (1965) online edition

Historiografia
 Daileader, Philip, and Philip Whalen, eds. French Historians 1900–2000: New Historical Writing in Twentieth-Century France (2010), 640pp; excerpt
 Gildea, Robert. The Past in French History (1996)
 Nora, Pierre, ed. Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past (3 vol, 1996), essays by scholars;  excerpt and text search; vol 2 excerpts; vol 3 excerpts
 Pinkney, David H. "Two Thousand Years of Paris," Journal of Modern History (1951) 23#3 pp. 262–264 in JSTOR
 Offen, Karen. "French Women's History: Retrospect (1789–1940) and Prospect," French Historical Studies (2003) 26#4 pp 757+
 Revel, Jacques, and Lynn Hunt, eds. Histories: French Constructions of the Past (1995). 654pp, 64 essays; emphasis on Annales School
 Symes, Carol. "The Middle Ages between Nationalism and Colonialism," French Historical Studies (Winter 2011) 34#1 pp 37–46
 Thébaud, Françoise. "Writing Women's and Gender History in France: A National Narrative?" Journal of Women's History (2007) 19#1 pp. 167–172 in Project Muse

Vyanzo vikuu
 , complete text online

Viungo vya nje

H-France  free daily email discussions and book reviews; oriented to faculty & graduate students since 1995
History of France by French Ministry of Foreign Affairs 
History of France, from Prehistory to Nowadays (in French + English translation)
History of France, from Middle Ages to the 19th century 
History of France: Primary Documents (English interface)
Simon Kitson's Vichy webpage 
"Becoming France," David Bell, The New Republic, 1 April 2009 (in English)

Historia ya Ufaransa
Ufaransa