Homer

Homeri (pia: Homer; kwa Kigiriki: Ὅμηρος homeros) ni jina la mshairi mashuhuri kabisa wa Ugiriki ya Kale. Mashairi makubwa yanayosimulia vita vya Troya (Ilias) na misafara ya mfalme Odiseo (Utenzi wa Odisei) yamehifadhiwa kama kazi zake.

Maswali juu yake 
Wataalamu wa leo hutofautiana kama Homeri alikuwa kweli mtunzi wa mashairi hayo au kama ni sehemu za mashairi haya tu yaliyotungwa naye wakiamini ya kwamba kwa jumla ni mashairi ya kale yaliyowahi kuimbwa kabla yake. Pia kuna wataalamu wanaouliza kama Homeri alikuwa mtu wa kihistoria au kama ni jina tu lililopachikwa kwa mashairi haya.

Maisha 
Kufuatana na mapokeo ya kale Homeri alikuwa mshairi kipofu aliyeishi katika eneo la Ionia (Asia Ndogo) lililokaliwa na walowezi Wagiriki mnamo karne ya 8 KK. Miji mbalimbali ya Ionia hutajwa kama mahali pa kuzaliwa kwake. Jina la mama yake lilikuwa Kreitheïs. Anasemekana alikufa kwenye kisiwa cha Ios.

Kujisomea

Matoleo ya kazi yake
Kwa Kigiriki
 Demetrius Chalcondyles editio princeps, Florence, 1488
 the Aldine editions (1504 and 1517)
 Th. Ridel, Strasbourg, c. 1572, 1588 and 1592.
 Wolf (Halle, 1794–1795; Leipzig, 1804 1807)
 Spitzner (Gotha, 1832–1836)
 Bekker (Berlin, 1843; Bonn, 1858)
 La Roche (Odyssey, 1867–1868; Iliad, 1873–1876, both at Leipzig)
 Ludwich (Odyssey, Leipzig, 1889–1891; Iliad, 2 vols., 1901 and 1907)
 W. Leaf (Iliad, London, 1886–1888; 2nd ed. 1900-1902)
 William Walter Merry and James Riddell (Odyssey i–xii., 2nd ed., Oxford, 1886)
 Monro (Odyssey xiii.–xxiv. with appendices, Oxford, 1901)
 Monro and Allen (Iliad), and Allen (Odyssey, 1908, Oxford).
 D.B. Monro and T.W. Allen 1917-1920, Homeri Opera (5 volumes: Iliad = 3rd edition, Odyssey = 2nd edition), Oxford. ISBN 0-19-814528-4, ISBN 0-19-814529-2, ISBN 0-19-814531-4, ISBN 0-19-814532-2, ISBN 0-19-814534-9
 H. van Thiel 1991, Homeri Odyssea, Hildesheim. ISBN 3-487-09458-4, 1996, Homeri Ilias, Hildesheim. ISBN 3-487-09459-2
 M.L. West 1998–2000, Homeri Ilias (2 volumes), Munich/Leipzig. ISBN 3-598-71431-9, ISBN 3-598-71435-1
 P. von der Mühll 1993, Homeri Odyssea, Munich/Leipzig. ISBN 3-598-71432-7

Tafsiri ya mstari-kwa-mstari
 The Iliad of Homer a Parsed Interlinear, Handheldclassics.com (2008) Text ISBN 978-1-60725-298-6

Tafsiri kadhaa kwa Kiingereza
 Augustus Taber Murray (1866–1940)
 Homer: Iliad, 2 vols., revised by William F. Wyatt, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press (1999).
 Homer: Odyssey, 2 vols., revised by George E. Dimock, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press (1995).
 Robert Fitzgerald (1910–1985)
 The Iliad, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2004) ISBN 0-374-52905-1
 The Odyssey, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1998) ISBN 0-374-52574-9
 Robert Fagles (1933–2008)
 The Iliad, Penguin Classics (1998) ISBN 0-14-027536-3
 The Odyssey, Penguin Classics (1999) ISBN 0-14-026886-3
 Stanley Lombardo (b. 1943)
 Iliad, Hackett Publishing Company (1997) ISBN 0-87220-352-2
 Odyssey, Hackett Publishing Company (2000) ISBN 0-87220-484-7
 Iliad, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN 1-930972-08-3
 Odyssey, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN 1-930972-06-7
 The Essential Homer, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN 1-930972-12-1
 The Essential Iliad, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN 1-930972-10-5
Barry B. Powell (b. 1942)
"Iliad", Oxford University Press (2013) ISBN  978-0199326105  
"Odyssey", Oxford University PressI (2014) ISBN  978-0199360314  
"Homer's Iliad and Odyssey: The Essential Books", Oxford University Press (2014) ISBN  978-0199394074  
 Samuel Butler (1835–1902)
 The Iliad, Red and Black Publishers (2008) ISBN 978-1-934941-04-1
 The Odyssey, Red and Black Publishers (2008) ISBN 978-1-934941-05-8
 Herbert Jordan (b. 1938)
 Iliad, University of Oklahoma Press (2008) ISBN 978-0-8061-3974-6 (soft cover)

Kuhusu Homer
 
 
 
  In German, 5th updated and expanded edition, Leipzig, 2005. In Spanish, 2003, ISBN 84-233-3487-2. In modern Greek, 2005, ISBN 960-16-1557-1.
 https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit13chisrich#page/626/mode/1up David Binning Monro in Encyclopaedia Britannica, volume 12, pages=626-639
 
 Nikoletseas, M. M. ( 2012). The Iliad - Twenty Centuries of Translation. ISBN 978-1469952109

Maandiko muhimu juu ya Homer
  (orig. publ. in German, 1946, Bern)

Maelezo ya maandiko yake
 Ilias:
 P.V. Jones (ed.) 2003, Homer's Iliad. A Commentary on Three Translations, London. ISBN 1-85399-657-2
 G. S. Kirk (gen. ed.) 1985–1993, The Iliad: A Commentary (6 volumes), Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-28171-7, ISBN 0-521-28172-5, ISBN 0-521-28173-3, ISBN 0-521-28174-1, ISBN 0-521-31208-6, ISBN 0-521-31209-4
 J. Latacz (gen. ed.) 2002–, Homers Ilias. Gesamtkommentar. Auf der Grundlage der Ausgabe von Ameis-Hentze-Cauer (1868–1913) (6 volumes published so far, of an estimated 15), Munich/Leipzig. ISBN 3-598-74307-6, ISBN 3-598-74304-1
 N. Postlethwaite (ed.) 2000, Homer's Iliad: A Commentary on the Translation of Richmond Lattimore, Exeter. ISBN 0-85989-684-6
 M. M. Nikoletseas, 2012, The Iliad - Twenty Centuries of Translation.. ISBN 978-1469952109
 M.W. Willcock (ed.) 1976, A Companion to the Iliad, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-89855-5
 Safari za Odiseo:
 A. Heubeck (gen. ed.) 1990–1993, A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey (3 volumes; orig. publ. 1981–1987 in Italian), Oxford. ISBN 0-19-814747-3, ISBN 0-19-872144-7, ISBN 0-19-814953-0
 P. Jones (ed.) 1988, Homer's Odyssey: A Commentary based on the English Translation of Richmond Lattimore, Bristol. ISBN 1-85399-038-8
 I.J.F. de Jong (ed.) 2001, A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-46844-2

Kuhusu tarehe za mashairi yake

Viungo vya nje

 
 
 The Chicago Homer 
 
 
 

Washairi wa Ugiriki ya Kale