Waorthodoksi

[[File:Eastern Orthodoxy by country.png|thumb|450px|Asilimia ya Waorthodoksi duniani nchi kwa nchi:]]Waorthodoksi ni Wakristo wanaofuata mapokeo ya Mitume wa Yesu jinsi yalivyostawi kihistoria katika Ukristo wa Mashariki upande wa mashariki wa Dola la Roma iliyoitwa pia Bizanti na nje ya mipaka yake. Leo hii ni nchi za Ulaya ya Mashariki pamoja na nchi za Mashariki ya Kati ulipoenea baadaye dini ya Uislamu.

JinaKanisa la Orthodoksi' ni jina linalotumika hasa kumaanisha Kanisa la Kikristo linalokubali mamlaka ya kiroho ya mitaguso saba ya kiekumeni tu. Leo, hasa kwa sababu ya uhamiaji, Kanisa la Orthodoksi lipo katika dunia nzima, likijumuisha watu milioni 200 hivi, lakini bado lina idadi kubwa ya waumini katika Ulaya ya Mashariki.

Jina hilo ("Orthodoksi") lina asili ya Kigiriki likitokana na maneno όρθος ("orthos", yaani "nyofu", "sahihi") na δόξα ("doksa", yaani "rai", "fundisho") yaani "wenye fundisho sahihi".

Jina hilo lilitungwa ili kutofautisha Wakristo waliofuata mafundisho rasmi ya imani yaliyotolewa na Mitaguso ya kiekumene dhidi ya mikondo mingine ya wakati ule.

Kwa namna ya pekee jina hilo lilitumika upande wa mashariki, hivi kwamba lilipotokea farakano la mwaka 1054, likabaki kama jina maalumu la makanisa yenye ushirika na Patriarki wa Konstantinopoli (leo Istanbul katika Uturuki).

Muundo
Makanisa ya kujitegemea ya Kiorthodoksi yanayotambuliwa na wote ni kama yafuatayo:
 Upatriarki wa Konstantinopoli
 Upatriarki wa Aleksandria
 Upatriarki wa Antiokia
 Upatriarki wa Yerusalemu
 Upatriarki wa Moscow na Urusi
 Upatriarki wa Peć na Serbia
 Upatriarki wa Romania
 Upatriarki wa Bulgaria
 Upatriarki wa Georgia
 Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Kipro
 Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ugiriki
 Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Poland
 Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Albania
 Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ucheki na Slovakia

Makanisa mengine yaliyojitenga na hayo hayajakubalika.

Uhusiano na Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki na Wakatoliki wa Mashariki
Hivi karibuni hata makanisa mengine ya mashariki yamechagua kujiita hivyo, ingawa yanaendelea kutofautiana kuhusu maazimio kadhaa ya mitaguso mikuu iliyokubaliwa na Wakristo walio wengi. Leo hii wanatofautisha kwa kutumia majina
"Waorthodoksi" kwa makanisa yaliyotokana na kanisa rasmi la Bizanti (Roma Mashariki) (kwa Kiingereza: Eastern Orthodox)
"Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki" kwa makanisa yaliyojitenga na kanisa hili la Bizanti (kwa Kiingereza: Oriental Orthodox)

Hata hivyo pande hizo mbili zinafanana katika teolojia, liturujia na staili za fahari za ibada zao, pia katika sheria kuhusu maaskofu (wasiooa), makasisi na mashemasi (wanaoweza kuwa watu wa ndoa), tena katika umuhimu wa umonaki na maisha ya kiroho. 

Ni vilevile kuhusu Wakatoliki wa Mashariki ambao wana ushirika kamili na Papa wa Kanisa la Roma bila kuacha mapokeo ya Ukristo wa Mashariki.

Marejeo

Vitabu
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Marejeo mengine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Marejeo mengine tena
 Aderny, Walter F. The Greek and Eastern Churches (1908) online
 Hussey, Joan Mervyn. The orthodox church in the Byzantine empire (Oxford University Press, 2010) online 
 Krindatch, Alexei D. ed., Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches (Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2011) online.
 Mascall, Eric Lionel (1958). "The Example of Orthodoxy", in his The Recovery of Unity: a Theological Approach (London: Longmans, Green, and Co.), p. 52-64. N.B.: Caption title; concerns especially the place and example of Eastern Orthodoxy in the Ecumenical Movement.
 
 Parry, Ken. ed., The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity (2010); Comprehensive global coverage.
 Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1869). Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church: with an Introduction on the Study of Ecclesiastical History''. Fourth ed. London: J. Murray.

Viungo vya nje

 An Online Orthodox Catechism published by the Russian Orthodox Church
 OrthodoxWiki
 Orthodox Dictionary  at Kursk Root Hermitage of the Birth of the Most Holy Theotokos
 Orthodox books  – Lives of Holy People at skete.com
 An Orthodox View of Salvation
 IV Pre-Conciliar Pan-Orthodox Conference
 Orthodox Icons and Paintings 
 Prologue from Ohrid – (Saints of the Orthodox Church Calendar)
 A repository with scientific papers on various aspects of the Byzantine Orthodox Church in English and in German 
 IOCC: Gaza’s Orthodox Community Struggles to Endure

Mahusiano na Kanisa Katoliki
 Pope Benedict XIV, Allatae Sunt (On the observance of Oriental Rites), Encyclical, 1755 
 Orientale Lumen – Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II on the Eastern Churches, 1995
 Common Declaration of Pope Benedict XVI and the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, 2006

Ukristo
Waorthodoksi