Kristolojia

Kristolojia (kutoka maneno ya Kigiriki Χριστός, Khristós, Kristo na λογία, logia, elimu) ni tawi la fani ya teolojia linalochunguza hasa imani ya Kanisa kuhusu nafsi na hali za Yesu Kristo kwa kutegemea kwanza Injili na vitabu vingine vya Agano Jipya, lakini pia mapokeo ya Mitume yanavyojitokeza katika mitaguso ya kiekumeni na maandishi ya mababu wa Kanisa.

Wakatoliki wanatia maanani pia mafundisho mengine ya ualimu wa Kanisa, hasa mitaguso mikuu na matamko ya Mapapa. 

Jambo la msingi katika utafiti huo ni uhusiano wa Kristo kama Mwana wa Mungu na Mungu Baba katika umoja wa Roho Mtakatifu. Halafu Kristolojia inachunguza maisha na utume wa Yesu, ili kuelewa zaidi ubinadamu wake na nafasi yake kama Mwokozi wa watu wote. 

Wataalamu wa Kanisa Katoliki, lakini pia Waorthodoksi na wengineo, wanaona Mariolojia ni sehemu muhimu ya Kristolojia, kwa kuwa Maria anachangia kufanya Yesu aeleweke kikamilifu zaidi. na "Ni lazima kurudi kwa Maria, tukitaka kurudia ukweli wa Yesu Kristo".

Historia ya Kristolojia
Mtume Paulo alisisitiza uwepo wa Kristo kabla hajazaliwa na mwanamke (Bikira Maria) na heshima anayostahili kama Bwana (kwa Kigiriki Kyrios, jina lililotumika kutafsiria lile la YHWH, maalumu kwa Mungu wa Israeli).

Baada ya wakati wa Mitume wa Yesu kupita, teolojia ilistawi katika shule mbalimbali, hasa za Aleksandria na Antiokia. Kristolojia ilikuwa sehemu muhimu ya ustawi huo lakini pia ya mabishano yaliyochanganyikana na masuala ya kisiasa zaidi. 

Mitaguso ya kiekumeni ilipaswa yote kujadili suala hilo ili kurudisha amani katika Kanisa na katika dola la Roma. Maamuzi yake yanashikiliwa hadi leo kwa imani na madhehebu karibu yote ya Ukristoingawa mengi yalijitenga, hasa Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi ya Mashariki.

Katika karne ya 13, Thomas Aquinas alikuwa wa kwanza kujaribu kukabili masuala yote ya Kristolojia ili kuifundisha kikamilifu. 

Karne za Kati huko Ulaya magharibi zilitokeza sura tamu ya Yesu kama rafiki anayeleta faraja moyoni.

Tanbihi

Marejeo
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Viungo vya nje
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Christology - full access article

Yesu Kristo
Teolojia
Ukristo