Bernadeta Soubirous

"Bernadeta" (Marie-Bernarde) Soubirous (Lourdes, Hautes-Pyrénées, 7 Januari 1844 - Nevers, Nièvre, 16 Aprili 1879) alikuwa mtawa wa Kanisa Katoliki nchini Ufaransa.

Tarehe 14 Juni 1925 Papa Pius XI alimtangaza mwenye heri na tarehe 8 Desemba 1933 mwenyewe alimtangaza mtakatifu bikira.

Sikukuu yake imepangwa tarehe ya kifo chake au 18 Februari, siku ambapo Bikira Maria alimuahidia kumpatia heri, ingawa si katika maisha ya duniani.

Maisha na urithi

Mtoto wa familia fukara sana, anajulikana hasa kwa njozi za Bikira Maria alizojaliwa kwenye pango la Massabielle kati ya tarehe 11 Februari na 16 Julai 1858, akiwa na umri wa miaka 14. Hatimaye Maria alijitambulisha kama Kukingiwa Dhambi ya Asili, sifa yake iliyotangazwa na Papa Pius IX kuwa dogma ya imani Katoliki miaka 4 ya nyuma.

Ingawa viongozi wa Kanisa walikuwa na shaka kwanza, utafiti uliwafanya wakubali ukweli wa tukio hata inaanzishwa adhimisho la Bikira Maria wa Lourdes na patakatifu palipojengwa mahali pake pamekuwa mahali pa hija panapofikiwa na watu zaidi ya milioni 5 kwa mwaka.

Baada ya kujiunga na utawa na kustahimili kwa unyenyekevu matatizo mengi upande wa mwili (kipindupindu, pumu kali, kifua kikuu n.k.) na wa nafsi (dhuluma kutoka kwa watu wasioamini njozi zake au waliomuonea kijicho kwa hizo), alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 35 tu.

Tazama pia
Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale
Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo
Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika
Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

Marejeo 
 
 Sadler, Anna T. The Wonders of Lourdes, (1875)
 Clarke, SJ, Richard. Lourdes: Its Inhabitants, Its Pilgrims, and Its Miracles, (1888)
 Keyes, Frances Parkinson. Bernadette of Lourdes (1955)
 Laurentin, Rene. Visage de Bernadette, Lourdes (1978), (French)
 Bernadette of Lourdes, St. Gildard, Nevers, France, (1926)
 Annales de Notre Dame de Lourdes (Missionaries of the Immaculate Conception), Lourdes 1871 (French)
 The Wonders of Massabielle at Lourdes (Rev. S. Pruvost), 1925
 Notre Dame de Lourdes (Henri Lasserre), Paris 1870 (French)
 Bernadette (Henri Lasserre), Paris 1879 (year of Bernadette's death), (French)
 Our Lady of Lourdes (Henri Lasserre), June 1906 (English)
 The Miracle Joint at Lourdes From "Essays " by Woolsey Teller, Copyright 1945 by The Truth Seeker Company, Inc. Critique of the Lourdes story.
 Our Lady of Lourdes (Henri Lasserre), 1875 (English)
 La Sainte Vierge a Lourdes, 1877 (French)
 Das Lied von Bernadette (Franz Werfel), 1953 (German)
 The Happening at Lourdes (Alan Neame), 1967
 Lourdes (Ruth Harris), 1999
 After Bernadette (Don Sharkey), 1945
 And I Shall Be Healed (Edeltraud Fulda), 1960
 Saint Bernadette (Margaret Trouncer), 1964
 A Queen's Command (Anna Kuhn), 1947
 Bernadette (Marcelle Auclair), 1958
 A Holy Life: St. Bernadette of Lourdes (Patricia McEachern), 2005
 The Story of Bernadette (Rev. J. Lane), 1997
 The Wonder of Lourdes (John Oxenham), 1926
 Lourdes (Émile Zola), 1895 (German)
 Bernadette Speaks: A Life of Saint Bernadette Soubirous in Her Own Words, René Laurentin, Pauline Books and Media, 2000.
 St. Bernadette (Leonard Von Matt / Francis Trochu), 1957
 Bernadette of Lourdes (J.H. Gregory), 1914 (1st U.S. book)
 Lourdes (Émile Zola), 2000 (English)
 The Miracle of Bernadette (Margaret Gray Blanton), 1958
 My Witness, Bernadette (J.B. Estrade), 1951
 St. Bernadette Soubirous: 1844–1879, by Abbe Francois Trochu, TAN Books and Publishers, Inc., 1957.
 We Saw Her (B.G. Sandhurst), 1953
 Werfel, Franz. The Song of Bernadette, 1942

Magazetini 
 "L'Illustration Journal Universal": Story covering Bernadette and apparitions from time of apparitions (23 October 1858)
 "The London Illustrated News": The Election of Pope Pius XI (11 February 1922)
 "L'Opinion Publique": The Funeral of Pope Pius IX (14 March 1878)
 "The Illustrated London News": The Conclave & Election of the Pope (9 March 1878)
 "The Graphic": With the Lourdes Pilgrims (7 October 1876)
 "Harpers Weekly": French Pilgrims – Romish Superstitions (16 November 1872)
 "The Graphic": A Trip to the Pyrenees (12 October 1872)
 "Harpers Weekly": The Last French Miracle (20 November 1858) – Recounts actual happenings at the time of apparitions
 "St. Paul Dispatch": Throne of St. Peter Made Vacant by the Death of Pope Leo XIII, (21 July 1903)
 "St. Paul Dispatch": Cardinal Sarto (St. Pope Pius X) of Venice Called to Throne of St. Peter, (5 August 1903)
 "The Minneapolis Journal": Pope Pius X is Reported Dead; Relapse Caused by Grief Over War (19 August 1914)

Katika vyombo vingine 
 In 1909 the French short movie Bernadette Soubirous et les Apparitions de Lourdes, directed by Honoré Le Sablais, is the first attempt to tell with the new cinematographic art the story of Bernadette, according to RAI 3 documentary Lourdes. La storia.
 In 1929 the French film La vie merveilleuse de Bernadette directed by Georges Pallu and starring Alexandra as Bernadette.
 In 1935 the Portuguese Georges Pallu directed La Vierge du rocher ("The Virgin of the Rock") with Micheline Masson in the role of Bernadette.
 Bernadette's life was given a fictionalized treatment in Franz Werfel's novel, The Song of Bernadette, which was later adapted into a 1943 film of the same name starring Jennifer Jones as Bernadette and the uncredited Linda Darnell as the Immaculate Conception. Jones won the Best Actress Oscar for this portrayal. 
 In 1961 Daniéle Ajoret portrayed Bernadette in Bernadette of Lourdes (French title: Il suffit d'aimer or Love is Enough) of Gilbert Cresbón.
 Cristina Galbó portrayed Aquella joven de blanco (A Little Maiden in White), Spain, 1965, directed by León Klimovsky. 
 In 1967 a French TV movie L'affaire Lourdes directed by Marcel Bluwal and starring Marie-Hélène Breillat as Bernadette.
 In 1981 Andrea del Boca portrayed Bernadette in a homonymous Argentine television mini-series directed by her father Nicolás del Boca (4 episodes of 1 hour each).
 In 1987, Jennifer Warnes recorded "Song of Bernadette", co-written with Leonard Cohen, for her album of Cohen compositions Famous Blue Raincoat. The first verse refers to the "child called Bernadette" who "saw the Queen of Heaven once". The song has been covered by other well-known artists, including Anne Murray and Bette Midler.
 Bernadette in 1988 and La Passion de Bernadette (The Passion of Bernadette) in 1989 by Jean Delannoy, starring Sydney Penny in the lead role.
 In 1990 Fernando Uribe and Steven Hahn directed a short animated film, Bernadette: La Princesa de Lourdes, produced by John Williams and Jorge Gonzalez, available in English since 1991 with the title Bernadette – The Princess of Lourdes.
 Angèle Osinsky portrayed Saint Bernadette in the Italian TV movie Lourdes, 2000, by Lodovico Gasparini.
 In 2002, the musical Vision by Jonathan Smith and Dominic Hartley, depicting the life of Bernadette, debuted in Liverpool. It has been performed in the UK, France, and Nigeria.
In 2007 an Indian film Our Lady of Lourdes directed by V.R. Gopinath and starring Ajna Noiseux 
 2009 'Bernadette', an opera in three acts by Trevor Jones. First performance 2016 in Gloucestershire, England. www.pcto.webeden.co.uk 
 In 2011 a French film Je m'appelle Bernadette directed by Jean Sagols and starring Katia Cuq (Katia Miran).
 In 2015 "Le Coup de Grâce" an original song about St. Bernadette was published and released on Youtube by American songwriter Orv Pibbs.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNieSdjLa2s

Viungo vya nje 

 The Body of St. Bernadette—Includes reports of her exhumation and photographs of her body and tomb.
 Notes on the Investigation, including facsimile of notes taken during an interview with Bernadette
 Catholic Encyclopedia: Notre-Dame de Lourdes
 Sanctuaires Notre-Dame de Lourdes

Tanbihi

Waliozaliwa 1844
Waliofariki 1879
Mabikira
Watakatifu wa Ufaransa