Input: What may happen if the VR headset lenses are exposed to sunlight or strong light?

Context:
'用户指南 * User Guide 02 CN 11 EN * 包装内含 使用前注意事项 快速引导 产品部件详情说明 操作说明 02 02 03 06 08 01
•本产品支持在系统设置中进行瞳距调节 , 调节时请务必注意，最小瞳距可能会碰触鼻梁。当您佩戴头盔后，您 “显示”中进行手动调节，请注意设置使用不合适的瞳距，可能会引起视觉重影或者眼睛疲劳。 可在“设置” ► •本产品“护眼模式”经德国 TÜV Rheinland 低蓝光认证，通过软件算法降低三色通道中的蓝光量，来达到保护 “护眼” “色彩调节” 眼睛的作用，该模式下画面颜色偏黄，您可根据个人喜好在“设置” 中激活或关闭此功能。 ““显示” ► ► ► 包装内含： VR 头盔 / 手柄 × 2 / 1.5V AA 碱性干电池 × 4/ 眼镜支架 / 遮光鼻托 / 手柄挂绳 × 2 / USB-C 电源适配器 / USB-Cto C 2.0 数据线 / 快速指南 / 用户指南 / 安全与质保指南使用前注意事项 •本产品在开阔的室內环境使用体验最佳，建议至少预留 2×2 米 的空间。使用前请确认身体没有不适且周围环 境安全，特别是佩戴头盔在室内行走移动时，要尽量避免发生意外。 •不建议 12 岁及以下儿童使用本产品，建议将头盔、手柄和配件置于儿童够不到的位置，13 岁以上青少年须在 成人监护下使用，以免发生意外。 •本产品无近视调节功能，近视用户请佩戴眼镜使用并尽量避免近视眼镜被头盔的光学镜片磨伤或刮伤。建议在 使用和收纳时注意防护光学镜片，避免尖锐物体划伤镜片，擦拭清洁时请使用柔软的眼镜布，否则可能划伤镜片， 影响视觉效果。 •长时间使用可能引发轻微的昡晕或者眼疲劳，建议使用 30 分钟后适当休息，可通过眼保健操或观看远处物体缓 解眼疲劳。如果您的身体感到任何不适，请立即停止使用。如果不适持续，请咨询医生。 •当头盔镜片被阳光或紫外线照射时（尤其在户外、阳台、窗台及汽车内存放时），可能导致屏幕出现永久性黄斑。 请尽量避免该情况发生，此种屏幕损坏不在产品的质保范围内。 *本产品最终外观及功能以实物为准，部分地区包装内含物品有所差异，本说明仅供参考。 02 CN
六自由度 VR 体验 本产品可以追踪头盔和手柄前、后、左、右、上、下和旋转的运动状态，您在现实中的肢体运动会实时反映在虚 拟世界中。 由于没有任何线缆的束缚，您在虚拟世界自由探索时请确保游玩区域的安全。 1. 建议准备一个整洁安全的体验空间：至少 2×2 米；保持房间明亮，避免在只有单色的墙或大面积玻璃、镜子类 反射物以及许多移动画面和物体的空间中使用。 2. 撕下 VR 头盔前端摄像头上的保护膜，并佩戴手柄挂绳。 3. 根据开机后的画面提示进行游玩区域的设定。 ❶ 安装电池 按箭头方向拔出电池盖侧边的绝缘纸 快速引导 提示：本产品虚拟的安全区提醒功能，不能完全保证您在设定好的游戏区域中的安全，请时刻注意周围的安全情况。 提示：建议使用 1.5V AA 碱性电池。 按照图示拨动电池盖拨钮打开电池盖更换电池。 03 CN
❷ 手柄开机 ❸ 头盔开机 ❹ 佩戴头盔，调节至清晰舒适的位置 首次开机：拔出绝缘纸，手柄自动开机（蓝灯闪烁） 非首次开机：短按手柄 Home 键开机（蓝灯闪烁） 长按头盔电源键 2 秒（蓝灯常亮） 调节旋钮转动绑带，使后脑垫套在头上，微调绑带长度及佩戴位置至视野清晰 04 提示：近视用户请佩戴眼镜或镜片插件使用，本产品不具备近视调节功能。 CN
❺ 微调顶绑带 微调顶绑带使其受力以减少额头压力 ❻ 瞳 距 调 节 在系统设置：“设置” ► “显示”界面中进行瞳距调节，点击“+”或“-”按钮可微调瞳距直至画面清晰 64mm 请勿 强行 掰动镜 筒，以 免造 成损坏 ！ 请注 意设 置使用 不合适 的瞳 距，可 能 会引起 视 觉重影 或 者眼睛 疲 劳。准 确 的瞳距 设 置有助 于 获得清 晰 的图像 并 减少眼睛 疲劳。 05 CN
产品部件详情说明 头盔状态指示灯 蓝灯常亮：开机进行中或工作状态 黄灯常亮：充电中，电量低于 98% 红灯常亮：充电中，电量低于 20% 绿灯常亮：充电完毕，电量大于 98% 或 充满 蓝灯闪烁：关机进行中 红灯闪烁：电量低于 20% 指示灯熄灭：休眠或关机 06 ① 电源键 开机：长按 2 秒 关机：长按 5 秒 复位：长按 10 秒 开机时，短按休眠 ② ③ ④ ⑤ 状态指示灯 贴脸泡棉 音量键 彩色透视摄像头 使用时请勿遮挡 ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ 顶部绑带 可拆卸 绑带旋钮 环境追踪摄像头 使用时请勿遮挡 ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ USB-C 接口 左 / 右喇叭 距离传感器 佩戴头盔后，系统自动唤醒 摘下头盔后，系统自动休眠 ⑫ ⑬ 眼球追踪摄像头 此功能仅 Pro 版支持 使用时请勿遮挡 面部追踪摄像头 此功能仅 Pro 版支持 使用时请勿遮挡 CN
手柄状态指示灯 熄灭：已连接或者关机 蓝灯常亮：固件升级模式 蓝灯闪烁：连接中 红蓝灯交替慢速闪烁：等待配对 ① ② 摇杆 菜单键 ③ Home 键 开机 : 短按关机 : 长按 6 秒退出应用 : 短按屏幕中心校正 : 长按 1 秒④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 状态指示灯 抓握键 截屏键 扳机键 ⑧ ⑨ 电池盒 打开：拨动拨钮，电池盒弹出 安装：按压直至自动锁紧 追踪光环 使用时请勿遮挡 注：手柄挂绳可按图示将粗绳穿过细绳并锁紧在手柄尾端 07 CN
手柄硬件复位 如果手柄出现按 Home 键和任何按键均无反应或者头盔中虚拟手柄卡死不动的问题可拆装电池重新启动手柄。 近视用户配戴 本设备不具备近视调节功能，头盔可支持佩戴镜框宽度小于 150mm 的大多数标准眼镜。 操作说明 头控模式 未连接手柄的情况下，您可通过转动头部光标及点击头盔音量加减按键进行操作。 切换主控手柄射线 在主控菜单下，短按对应手柄的扳机键可以切换主控手柄的射线。 屏幕中心校正 戴着头盔直视前方，按住手柄 Home 键（或头控模式下头盔上的音量减键）1 秒以上，进行屏幕中心的校正将菜 单拉到当前视野朝向位置。 断开手柄 长按手柄 Home 键直至手柄状态指示灯红灯亮起并伴随振动产生时即可松手，此时手柄关机并断开与头盔的连接。 您无需刻意进行手柄关机操作，在以下状态下手柄会自动关机省电： •头盔进入深度休眠时（摘下头盔后一段时间） •头盔手柄管理界面解绑手柄时 •头盔关机时 添加新手柄 如需添加新手柄（头盔最多可同时连接一对手柄，即左右手柄各一只），或解绑手柄后再次连接 , 可进入“设置” “手 柄”，点击“配对”，同时按住手柄 Home 键和扳机键直至手柄状态指示灯红蓝交替闪烁时即可松开，然后根据 头盔画面提示操作。 ► 休眠 / 唤醒 方式一：摘下头盔一段时间后，系统自动休眠；戴上头盔时，系统自动唤醒。 方式二：短按头盔电源键也可以进行休眠或唤醒操作。 硬件复位 头盔硬件复位 如果头盔出现短按头盔电源键没有反应或头盔的画面卡死等问题，可以长按头盔电源键 10 秒以上重新启动头盔。 08 CN
安装眼镜支架 安装遮光鼻托 如您存在眼镜摩擦光学镜片或者压迫鼻梁的问题，请按照图示安装眼镜支架以增加间隔空间。 您可根据佩戴的舒适度选择是否安装。 如您感觉鼻子处漏光影响体验，请按照图示安装遮光鼻托配件。 由于眼睛空间密闭可能加剧起雾及出汗问题，您可根据喜好选择是否安装。 ❶ 摘下贴脸泡棉 ❷ 将眼镜支架按照图示安装在产品上 ❸ 将贴脸泡棉按照图示安装眼镜支架上 ❶ 摘下贴脸泡棉 ❸ 安装贴脸泡棉❷ 将遮光鼻托按照图示方式安装在贴脸泡棉上 注：按照图示拆卸眼镜支架 09 CN
更换贴脸泡棉 贴脸泡棉多次清洁和长时间使用后会变色和质地变软，您可酌情更换新泡棉。 更换顶绑带 摘下贴脸泡棉 ❸ 安装贴脸泡棉 按照图示捏住顶绑带金属扣，往下压到底然后抽出 ❷ •购买优质热门应用 •畅 聊 社 区， 与 众 多 PICO 玩 家 一起探索 VR 世界 •管理设备更便捷 •参与丰富互动活动 •更多精彩内容等你来发现 ❶ 微 信公 众 号：PICO VR抖音：PICO官 方 旗 舰 店哔 哩 哔 哩：PICO-VR官 方微 博：PICO-VR ❶ ❷ 10 CN
In The Box: VR Headset / 2 Controllers / 4 1.5V AA Alkaline Batteries / Glasses Spacer / Nose Pad / 2 Controller Lan- yards / USB-C Power Adapter / USB-C to C 2.0 Data Cable / Quick Guide / User Guide / Safety and WarrantyGuide Important Health & Safety Notes • This product is designed and intended to be used in an open and safe indoor area, free of anytripping or slipping hazards. To avoid accidents, remain conscious to the potential confines ofyour physical area and respect the boundary of your virtual area whenever you see it. Be sure towear the lanyards when using the Controllers. Make sure that there is enough space around yourhead and body (at least 2 meters by 2 meters) to stretch your arms to avoid damage or injury toyourself, others, and your surroundings. • This product is not recommended for children aged 12 and under. It is recommended to keep headsets,controllers and accessories out of the reach of children. Teenagers aged 13 and over must use it underadult supervision to avoid accidents. • This product is designed to accommodate most prescription glasses. Make sure to wear the VR Headsetin a manner in which the VR Headset lenses do not rub or impair your prescription lenses. • Prolonged use may cause dizziness or eye fatigue. It is recommended to take a break every 30 minutes.Try relieving your eyestrain by looking at distant objects. If you feel any discomfort, stop using the prod- uct immediately. If the discomfort persists, seek medical advice.• Do not expose the optical lenses to direct sunlight or other strong light sources. Exposure to directsunlight may cause permanent yellow spot damage on the screen. Screen damage caused by sunlightexposure or other strong sources of light is not covered by the warranty. • This product supports interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment in system settings. When adjusting,please be aware that with the minimum IPD, it may touch the bridge of the nose. You can adjust the IPDaccording to your actual interpupillary distance in "Settings"►"Display". Please note that using inap- propriate IPD may increase the risk of discomfort. • This product has an “Eye Protection Mode”, certified by TÜV Rheinland (Germany), which can protectyour eyes by reducing blue light in the three color channels using software algorithms. The screen ap- pears yellowish in this mode and you can turn this feature on/off in "Settings"►"Display"►"Color"►“- Eye Protection”. • Protect optical lenses during use and storage to prevent damage, such as scratches or exposure tostrong light or direct sunlight. * Product and packaging are updated regularly, and the functions and contents of the standalone headset may be upgraded in the future.Therefore, the content, appearance and functionality listed in this manual and product packaging are subject to change and may notreflect the final product. These instructions are for reference only. * Carefully read this user guide before using the product and share this information with any other users, as it contains important safetyinformation. Keep the user guide as reference for the future. 11 EN
6 Degrees of Freedom VR The device can track your translational and rotational movements in all directions (up/down, left/right,forward/backward, pitch, roll, and yaw). Your movements in the real world will be captured and translatedto what you see in the virtual world when using the appropriate content. Ensure a safe environment before you start your VR experience. 1. Clear a safe indoor area of at least 2 meters by 2 meters. Keep the room bright, avoid spaces with main- ly single-colored walls, glass, mirrors, moving pictures or other similar objects. 2. Remove the protective film that covers the headset front cameras. Wear the lanyards connected to theControllers. 3. Set up your environment by following instructions on the VR Headset screen. Install Batteries ❶Pull the tab to remove the insulating paper. Quick Guide 2 m 2m This product can not guarantee your safety with guardian system, you will need to always pay attention to the surrounding safety. * Note: 1.5V AA alkaline batteries should be used.Slide the toggle according to arrow direction toopen the battery case. 12 EN
Power on the Controller ❷ First Start: The Controller will start automaticallyafter removing the insulating paper. Others: Short press the Home button for 1second until the status indicator flashes blue.Power on the VR Headset ❸ Long press the Power button for 2 seconds untilthe status indicator turns blue.Wear Your Headset for a Comfortable Fit and View ❹ Adjust the strap dial to turn the strap so that the back of your head rests on the padding. Fine-tune thelength and position of the strap to give a clear view. * Note: You can use this product with prescription glasses or lenses insert. 13 EN
Fine-tune the Top Strap ❺ Fine-tune the head strap to reduce pressure on the forehead. Interpupillary Distance (IPD) Adjustment ❻ In System Setting, go to “Setting” ► “Display” to adjust IPD, tap “+” or “-” button to slightly adjust IPDuntil the picture is clear. 14 64mm Please note that inappropriate IPD setting may cause ghosting or eyestrain.Accurate IPD setting helps you get a clear imaging and ease eyestrain. EN
Product Details VR Headset Status Indicator Legend Blue: Powered on with battery over 20% Yellow: Charging: Battery is less than 98% Red: Charging: Battery is less than 20% Green: Charging: Battery is more than 98% or charge complete Blue flashing: Shutting down Red flashing: Battery is less than 20% Off: Sleeping or Powered off Power Power on: Long press for 2 seconds Power off: Long press for 5 seconds Hardware reset: Long press for 10 seconds Short press to enter sleep or wake up Status Indicator Face Cushion Volume ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ RGB See Through Camera Do not block during use. Top Strap Removable Strap Dial Tracking Cameras Do not block during use. ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ USB-C Interface Left/Right Speaker Proximity Sensor The system wakes upwhen the VR headset isput on, sleeps when VRheadset is taken off. ⑫ ⑬ Eye Tracking Cameras Pro version only. Do not block during use. Face Tracking Camera Pro version only. Do not block during use. 15 EN
Controller Status Indicator Legend Off: Connected or Powered off Blue: Firmware updating in progress Blue flashing: Searching for connection Red and blue flashing alternately: Pairing in progress 16 Joystick Menu ③ ① ② Home Power on: Short pressPower off: Long press for 6 secondsReturn home screen: Short pressScreen recentering: Press for 1 secondStatus Indicator Grip Capture Trigger ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ Battery Case Open: Slide down the toggle andpop up the battery case. Lock: Push the battery case to lock. Tracking Ring Do not block during use. * Note: Pass the Controller Lanyardthrough the string as shown andlock at the end of the Controller EN
Operating Instructions Headset Control Mode If the Controller is not connected, you can interact with the home screen by moving your head to directthe crosshairs over your intended selection and clicking the Volume Up/Down button on the VR Headset. Switch the pointer of the master Controller In the home screen, short press the Trigger of the corresponding Controller to switch the pointer of themaster Controller. Screen re-centering Wear the VR Headset and look straight ahead, press and hold the Home button of the Controller or VRHeadset ( or the Volume Down button of the VR Headset in head control mode) for more than 1 second tore-center the screen. Disconnect the Controller Press and hold the Home button until the status indicator turns red and the Controller vibrates.Controllers will automatically shut down to save power in the following cases:When the VR Headset enters deep sleep (a while after the VR Headset is taken off)When the Controller is unpairedWhen the VR Headset is powered off Add a new Controller If you need to add a new Controller (the VR Headset can only connect one left Controller and one rightController) or reconnect with an unpaired Controller. Go to “Settings” ► “Controller”, click on “Pair”.Press and hold the Home button and the Trigger of the Controller at the same time until the red and bluelights of the Controller flashing alternately, and then follow the instructions on the VR Headset screen. Sleep / Wake up Option 1 (Proximity Sensor) Take off VR Headset for automatic sleeping: wear the VR Headset for automat- ic waking up. Option 2 (POWER Button) Press the Power button of the VR Headset for manual sleeping or waking up. Hardware reset VR Headset reset If the visual in the VR Headset freezes, or the VR Headset does not respond after short press the Powerbutton, you can press the Power button of the VR Headset for more than 10 seconds to reboot the VRHeadset. Controller reset If the virtual Controller, the Home button or any buttons of the Controller doesn\'t respond, remove andreinstall the battery case to restart the Controller. The VR Headset Adjustment This device has no myopia adjustment function. The VR Headset allows wearing most standard glasseswith a frame width of less than 150mm. to install Glasses Spacer to increase the space. You can install or not according to your situation. 17 EN
Install Glasses Spacer Install Nose Pad If you have glasses collision with headset lens or pressure on the bridge of nose, please follow the pictureto install Glasses Spacer to increase the space. You can install or not according to your situation. If you feel light leaking from your nose, please follow the picture to install Nose Pad to block the light.You can consider having it installed at your own discretion. Disassemble the Face Cushion. Install the Glasses Spacer on the Headset. ❸ ❶ ❷ Install the Face Cushion on the Glasses Spacer. Disassemble the Face Cushion. Install the Nose Pad on the Face Cushion. ❶ ❷ Install the Face Cushion on the Headset. ❸ * Note: Disassemble the Glasses Spacer 18 EN
Replace Face Cushion The Face Cushion will have the following phenomena such as color change, surface fluff, soft texture afterlong-term use and repeated cleaning. You can replace a new Face Cushion as needed. Replace Top Strap ❶ ❷ Disassemble the Face Cushion. Pinch the metal buckle of the top strap asshown, press it down and pull it out.Install the Face Cushion on. ❸ ❷ ❶ • Purchase high-quality and trending apps • Join PICO Community and explore the VR worldwith other PICO players• Manage your device with ease • Engage in diverse and interactive activities • More exciting features waiting for you 19 EN
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Answer: Exposure to sunlight or strong light may cause permanent yellow spot damage on the screen.


Input: What was Hugh H. Goodwin's rank in the United States Navy?

Context:
Hugh Hilton Goodwin (December 21, 1900 – February 25, 1980) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. A veteran of both World Wars, he commanded escort carrier  during the Mariana Islands campaign. Goodwin then served consecutively as Chief of Staff, Carrier Strike Group 6 and as Air Officer, Philippine Sea Frontier and participated in the Philippines campaign in the later part of the War.

Following the War, he remained in the Navy and rose to the flag rank and held several important commands including Vice Commander, Military Air Transport Service, Commander, Carrier Division Two and Commander, Naval Air Forces, Continental Air Defense Command.

Early life and career

Hugh H. Goodwin was born on December 21, 1900, in Monroe, Louisiana and attended Monroe High School there (now Neville High School). Following the United States' entry into World War I in April 1917, Goodwin left the school without receiving the diploma in order to see some combat and enlisted the United States Navy on May 7, 1917. He completed basic training and was assigned to the battleship . Goodwin participated in the training of armed guard crews and engine room personnel as the Atlantic Fleet prepared to go to war and in November 1917, he sailed with the rest of Battleship Division 9, bound for Britain to reinforce the Grand Fleet in the North Sea.

Although he did not complete the last year of high school, Goodwin was able to earn an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland in June 1918. While at the academy, he earned a nickname "Huge" and among his classmates were several future admirals and generals including: Hyman G. Rickover, Milton E. Miles, Robert E. Blick Jr., Herbert S. Duckworth, Clayton C. Jerome, James P. Riseley, James A. Stuart, Frank Peak Akers, Sherman Clark, Raymond P. Coffman, Delbert S. Cornwell, Frederick J. Eckhoff, Ralph B. DeWitt, John Higgins, Vernon Huber, Albert K. Morehouse, Harold F. Pullen, Michael J. Malanaphy, William S. Parsons, Harold R. Stevens, John P. Whitney, Lyman G. Miller and George J. O'Shea.

Goodwin graduated with Bachelor of Science degree on June 3, 1922, and was commissioned Ensign in the United States Navy. He was subsequently assigned to the battleship  and took part in the voyage to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before he was ordered to the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport, Rhode Island for submarine instruction in June 1923. Goodwin completed the training several weeks later and was attached to the submarine . He then continued his further training aboard submarine  and following his promotion to Lieutenant (junior grade) on June 3, 1925, he qualified as submariner.

He then served aboard submarine  off the coast of California, before he was ordered for the recruiting duty to San Francisco in September 1927. While in this capacity, Goodwin applied for naval aviation training which was ultimately approved and he was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida in August 1928. Toward the end of the training, he was promoted to lieutenant on December 11, 1928, and upon the completion of the training in January 1929, he was designated Naval aviator.

Goodwin was subsequently attached to the Observation Squadron aboard the aircraft carrier  and participated in the Fleet exercises in the Caribbean. He was transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics in Washington, D.C. in August 1931 and served consecutively under the architect of naval aviation William A. Moffett and future Chief of Naval Operations Ernest J. King.

In June 1933, Goodwin was ordered to the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, where he completed junior course in May of the following year. He subsequently joined the crew of aircraft carrier  and served under Captain Arthur B. Cook and took part in the Fleet exercises in the Caribbean and off the East Coast of the United States.

He was ordered back to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida in June 1936 and was attached to the staff of the Base Commandant, then-Captain Charles A. Blakely. When Blakely was succeeded by William F. Halsey in June 1937, Goodwin remained in Halsey's staff and was promoted to Lieutenant Commander on December 1, 1937. He also completed correspondence course in International law at the Naval War College.

Goodwin was appointed Commanding officer of the Observation Squadron 1 in June 1938 and attached to the battleship  he took part in the patrolling of the Pacific and
West Coast of the United States until September 1938, when he assumed command of the Observation Squadron 2 attached to the battleship .

When his old superior from Lexington, now Rear Admiral Arthur B. Cook, was appointed Commander Aircraft, Scouting Force in June 1939, he requested Goodwin as his Aide and Flag Secretary. He became Admiral Cook's protégé and after year and half of service in the Pacific, he continued as his Aide and Flag Secretary, when Cook was appointed Commander Aircraft, Atlantic Fleet in November 1940.

World War II

Following the United States' entry into World War II, Goodwin was promoted to the temporary rank of Commander on January 1, 1942, and assumed duty as advisor to the Argentine Navy. His promotion was made permanent two months later and he returned to the United States in early 1943 for duty as assistant director of Planning in the Bureau of Aeronautics under Rear admiral John S. McCain. While still in Argentina, Goodwin was promoted to the temporary rank of Captain on June 21, 1942.

By the end of December 1943, Goodwin was ordered to Astoria, Oregon, where he assumed command of newly commissioned escort carrier USS Gambier Bay. He was responsible for the initial training of the crew and was known as a strict disciplinarian, but the crew appreciated the skills he taught them that prepared them for combat. Goodwin insisted that everyone aboard has to do every job right every time and made us fight our ship at her best.

During the first half of 1944, Gambier Bay was tasked with ferrying aircraft for repairs and qualified carrier pilots from San Diego to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, before departed on May 1, 1944, to join Rear admiral Harold B. Sallada's Carrier Support Group 2, staging in the Marshalls for the invasion of the Marianas.

The air unit, VC-10 Squadron, under Goodwin's command gave close air support to the initial landings of Marines on Saipan on June 15, 1944, destroying enemy gun emplacements, troops, tanks, and trucks. On the 17th, her combat air patrol (CAP) shot down or turned back all but a handful of 47 enemy planes headed for her task group and her gunners shot down two of the three planes that did break through to attack her.

Goodwin's carrier continued in providing of close ground support operations at Tinian during the end of July 1944, then turned her attention to Guam, where she gave identical aid to invading troops until mid-August that year. For his service during the Mariana Islands campaign, Goodwin was decorated with Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V".

He was succeeded by Captain Walter V. R. Vieweg on August 18, 1944, and appointed Chief of Staff, Carrier Division Six under Rear admiral Arthur W. Radford. The Gambier Bay was sunk in the Battle off Samar on October 25, 1944, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf after helping turn back a much larger attacking Japanese surface force.

Goodwin served with Carrier Division Six during the Bonin Islands raids, the naval operations at Palau and took part in the Battle of Leyte Gulf and operations supporting Leyte landings in late 1944. He was later appointed Air Officer of the Philippine Sea Frontier under Rear admiral James L. Kauffman and remained with that command until the end of hostilities. For his service in the later part of World War II, Goodwin was decorated with Legion of Merit with Combat "V". He was also entitled to wear two Navy Presidential Unit Citations and Navy Unit Commendation.

Postwar service

Following the surrender of Japan, Goodwin assumed command of Light aircraft carrier  on August 24, 1945. The ship was tasked with air missions over Japan became mercy flights over Allied prisoner-of-war camps, dropping food and medicine until the men could be rescued. She was also present at Tokyo Bay for the Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945.

Goodwin returned with San Jacinto to the United States in mid-September 1945 and he was detached in January 1946. He subsequently served in the office of the Chief of Naval Operations until May that year, when he entered the instruction at National War College. Goodwin graduated in June 1947 and served on Secretary's committee for Research on Reorganization. Upon promotion to Rear admiral on April 1, 1949, Goodwin was appointed Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet under Admiral William H. P. Blandy.

Revolt of the Admirals

In April 1949, the budget's cuts and proposed reorganization of the United States Armed Forces by the Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson launched the wave of discontent between senior commanders in the United States Navy. Johnson proposed the merging of the Marine Corps into the Army, and reduce the Navy to a convoy-escort force.

Goodwin's superior officer, Admiral Blandy was call to testify before the House Committee on Armed Services and his harsh statements for the defense of the Navy, costed him his career. Goodwin shared his views and openly criticized Secretary Johnson for having power concentrated in a single civilian executive, who is an appointee of the Government and not an elected representative of the people. He also criticized aspects of defense unification which permitted the Joint Chiefs of Staff to vote on arms policies of individual services, and thus "rob" the branches of autonomy.

The outbreak of the Korean War in summer 1950 proved the proposal of Secretary Johnson as incorrect and he resigned in September that year. Also Secretary of the Navy, Francis P. Matthews resigned one month earlier.

Later service

Due to the Revolts of the admirals, Blandy was forced to retire in February 1950 and Goodwin was ordered to Newport, Rhode Island for temporary duty as Chief of Staff and Aide to the President of the Naval War College under Vice admiral Donald B. Beary in April 1950. Goodwin was detached from that assignment two months and appointed member of the General Board of the Navy. He was shortly thereafter appointed acting Navy Chief of Public Information, as the substitute for Rear Admiral Russell S. Berkey, who was relieved of illness, but returned to the General Board of the Navy in July that year. Goodwin served in that capacity until February 1951, when he relieved his Academy class, Rear admiral John P. Whitney as Vice Commander, Military Air Transport Service (MATS).

While in this capacity, Goodwin served under Lieutenant general Laurence S. Kuter and was co-responsible for the logistical support of United Nations troops fighting in Korea. The MATS operated from the United States to Japan and Goodwin served in this capacity until August 1953, when he was appointed Commander Carrier Division Two. While in this assignment, he took part in the Operation Mariner, Joint Anglo-American exercise which encountered very heavy seas over a two-week period in fall 1953.

Goodwin was ordered to the Philippines in May 1954 and assumed duty as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces in the Philippines with headquarters at Naval Station Sangley Point near Cavite. He held that command in the period of tensions between Taiwan and China and publicly declared shortly after his arrival, that any attack on Taiwan by the Chinese Communists on the mainland would result in US participation in the conflict. The naval fighter planes under his command also provided escort for passing commercial planes. Goodwin worked together with retired Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, then-Ambassador to the Philippines, and accompanied him during the visits to Singapore, Bangkok and Saigon in January 1955.

On December 18, 1955, Goodwin's classmate Rear admiral Albert K. Morehouse, then serving as Commander, Naval Air Forces, Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD), died of heart attack and Goodwin was ordered to CONAD headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado to assume Morehouse's position. While in this capacity, he was subordinated to Army General Earle E. Partridge and was responsible for the Naval and Marine Forces allocated to the command designated for the defense of the Continental United States.

Retirement

Goodwin retired on June 1, 1957, after 40 years of active service and was advanced to the rank of Vice admiral on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat. A week later, he was invited back to his Monroe High School (now Neville High School) and handed a diploma showing that he had been graduated with the class of 1918. He then settled in Monterey, California where he taught American history at Stevenson school and was a member of the Naval Order of the United States.

Vice admiral Hugh H. Goodwin died at his home on February 25, 1980, aged 79. He was survived by his wife, Eleanor with whom he had two children, a daughter Sidney and a son Hugh Jr., who graduated from the Naval Academy in June 1948, but died one year later, when the Hellcat fighter he was piloting collided with another over the Gulf of Mexico during training.

Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Vice admiral Hugh H. Goodwin:

References

1900 births
1980 deaths
People from Monroe, Louisiana
Military personnel from Louisiana
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy World War II admirals
United States Navy vice admirals
United States submarine commanders
Recipients of the Legion of Merit

Answer: Vice Admiral.


Input: Who was Ralph Rokebye's brother?

Context:
Rokebye, Ralph of Yorks, arm. Gloucester Hall, matric. 9 Nov., 1582, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1585. See Foster's Inns of Court Register.
Rokebye, Ralph of Herts (? Yorks), gent. Broadgates Hall, matric. entry 28 Feb., 1589-90, aged 14. See pedigree in Foster's Yorkshire Collection.
Rokeby, William (brother of Sir Richard, treasurer of Ireland, son of John, of Thundercliffe Grange, Yorks), fellow of King's Hall, Cambridge, D.Can.L.; rector of Sandal 1487, and of Halifax, Yorks, 1502, rector of Fakenham, Norfolk, 1496, chancellor of Ireland 1498, and 1515, bishop of Meath, and privy councillor 1507, archbishop of Dublin 1512, archdeacon of Surrey 1520, until his death 29 Nov., 1521. See Ath. ii. 717; Cotton, i. 25; & Lansdowne MS. 979, ff. 4, 6.
Rolfe, Augustine (Rolfus) M.A. from Queen's Coll., Cambridge, 1595; incorporated 10 July, 1599.
Rolf, Richard B.A. from Emanuel Coll., Cambridge, 1584-5 (incorporated 11 July, 1585); M.A. 1588. See Foster's Graduati Cantab.
Rolfe, William cler. fil. New Coll., matric. 10 March, 1656-7, B.A. 1660, fellow, M.A. 14 Jan., 1663-4; rector of Brampton 1668, and of Stoke Bruern, Northants, 1676, until his death, buried (at Stoke Bruern) 6 Sept., 1693. See Baker's Northants, i. 86.
Rolfe, William s. William, of Stoke-Bruern, Northants, cler. Brasenose Coll. 7 July, 1688, aged 16; student of Inner Temple 1692, buried in the Temple church 1 March, 1692-3. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Rolle, Denis youngest son John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis. Exeter Coll., matric. 15 Feb., 1666-7, aged 17; brother of John same date.
Rolle, Denis s. D., of Heanton, Devon, arm. Exeter Coll. matric. 24 Oct., 1687, aged 17; B.A. 1691, M.A. 1694 (as Denys), rector of Merton, Devon, 1696. See Samuel 1687, & Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.
Rolle, (Sir) Henry of Devon, arm. fil. Broadgates Hall, matric. 14 June, 1594, aged 18; student of Middle Temple 1597 (as son and heir of Henry, of Steventon, Devon, esq.), knighted 23 July, 1603, died in 1617. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Rolle, Henry of Devon, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 20 March, 1606-7, aged 17; bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1618, bencher 1633 (2s. Robert, of Heanton, Devon), M.P. Callington 1621-2, 1624-5, Truro 1625-1626, 1628-9, serjeant-at-law 1640, recorder of Dorchester 1636, a judge of king's bench 1645, chief justice of upper bench 1648-55, died 30 July, 1656, buried in Shapwick church, Somerset; brother of Samuel 1605. See Ath. iii. 416; & Foster's Judges and Barristers.
Rolle, Henry s. Alex., of Tavistock, Devon, gent. Christ Church, matric. 23 March, 1696-7, aged 17.
Rolle, John of Devon, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 30 May, 1589, aged 15; B.A. 8 Feb., 1592-3, M.A. 25 May, 1596.
Rolle, John 1s. John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis. Exeter Coll., matric. 15 Feb., 1666-7, aged 18; of Bicton, Devon; died in his father's lifetime, buried at Bicton 22 April, 1689; brother of Denis 1667, and father of Denis 1698.
Rolle, Richard s. Richard, of Cookeburye, Devon, gent. New Inn Hall, matric. 26 Sept., 1634, aged 18; B.A. from Jesus Coll., Cambridge, 1638, incorporated from Gloucester Hall 17 Dec., 1639, M.A. 2 July, 1642, rector of Sheviocke, Cornwall, 1656; father of the next-named. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rolle, Richard s. R., of Sheviock, Cornwall, cler. St. Alban Hall, matric. 3 July, 1674, aged 17; B.A. 1678.
Rolle, Robert (Rooles or Roales) fellow New Coll. 1551-60 from Mark Lane, city of London, B.A. 26 June, 1555, M.A. 26 July, 1560, B.D. 22 Jan., 1572-3, D.D. June, 1585, a teacher in Westminster school; perhaps canon of Combe (4) in Wells, 1574, and rector of Stoke Climsland, Devon, 1574. See O.H.S. i. 345; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Rolle, Samuel s. Denis, of Great Torrington, Devon, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 16 July, 1687, aged 18, B.A. 1691; bar.-at-law Middle Temple 1697; M.P. Barnstaple 1705, died 1747; see Denis 1687. See Foster's Judges and Barristers.
Rolle, William B.C.L. 14 July, 1528; perhaps vicar of Yarncombe, Devon, 1536. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.
Rolles, Gabriel (Rooles) B.A. from St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 1610-11, M.A. 1614; incorporated 13 July, 1619, rector of East Locking, Berks, 1620, as Rolle. See Foster's Graduati Cantab.
Rolles, Richard gent. Jesus Coll., matric. 1 March, 1632-3, B.A. next day, M.A. 15 Oct., 1635; perhaps created B.D. 20 Dec. 1642, "ex regis gratia," rector of Wavendon, Bucks, and of Witham, Essex, 1646, by the Westminster assembly. See Add. MS. 15,670, p. 70.
Rolles, William s. Richard, of Lewknor, Oxon, gent. St. John's Coll., matrie. 12 March, 1637-8, aged 17, B.A. 9 Nov., 1641, M.A. 6 July, 1644; B.D. from Jesus Coll. 12 Sept., 1661, rector of Wheatfield, Oxon, 1660, and of Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks, 1662. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rolles, William created M.A. from Exeter Coll. 14 April, 1648.
Rolleston, Simon created M.A. 31 Aug., 1636.
Rolleston, Thomas of Devon, gent. Wadham Coll., matric. 12 May, 1620, aged 16.
Rollinson, Francis 1584. See Rallinson.
Rollinson, William s. "Jose," of London, gent. St. John's Coll., matric. 7 March, 1694-5, aged 15; perhaps brother of John Rawlinson, of New Coll. 1692. See page 1236.
Rolt, Edward youngest son of Tho., of London, equitis. Merton Coll., matric. 7 Nov., 1701, aged 15; of Sacomb, Herts, and Chippenham, Wilts, student of Lincoln's Inn, 1702, M.P. St. Mawes 1713, Grantham 1715-22, Chippenham 1722; died 22 Dec., 1722; his father knighted 1 Oct., 1682, and died 9 Sept., 1710. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary.
Rolte, George s. Thomas, of St. Margarets par. Darenth, Kent, pleb. St. Alban Hall, matric. 17 June, 1631, aged 18; B.A. 20 June, 1631, M.A. 29 April, 1634, incorporated at Cambridge 1639.
Romane, Edmund pleb. Balliol Coll., matric. 20 Feb., 1627-8, aged 18; B.A. next day, M.A. 3 June, 1630.
Romaine, Matthew pleb. Balliol Coll., matric. 10 June, 1630, B.A. same day, M.A. 14 May, 1633, vicar of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, 1639; father of the next. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Romayne, Thomas s. Matth., of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, minister. Wadham Coll., matric. 17 July, 1669, aged 17; B.A. from Hart Hall 1673, "the intruded" rector of Stoke Gaylard 1675. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Romayne, William (Ronayne) gent. Trinity Coll., matric. 31 July, 1671, aged 16.
Rome, Harcourt s. William, of London, p.p. Brasenose Coll., matric. 13 Dec., 1672, aged 17.
Rome, William s. G. (? "Gul."), of Northampton (city), pleb. Brasenose Coll., matric. 11 Dec., 1684, aged 16.
Romney, Joseph B.A. from Emanuel Coll., Cambridge, 1610-11, M.A. 1614; incorporated 8 July, 1614, student of Inner Temple 1610, as of London, gent. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Rone, John s. Randolph, of Hanmer, Flints, pleb. Brasenose Coll., matric. 10 Oct., 1634, aged 18; D.D. Trinity Coll., Dublin, 25 Jan., 1666 (as Roane), vicar of Hanmer, Flints, 1644, ejected same year, dean of Clogher 1667, bishop of Killaloe 1675, until his death 5 Sept., 1692. See Cotton's Fasti Ecc. Hib. i. 467.
Rone, William of New Coll. 1661. See Roane.
Roode, Edward (or Rode) B.A. 21 July, 1522, M.A. 26 Nov., 1534; perhaps canon of Southwell 1561-73.
Roode, Edward cler. fil. Merton Coll., matric. 22 Nov., 1650; Eton postmaster 1649, fellow 1651, B.A. 2 March, 1651-2, M.A. 14 Dec., 1655; incorporated at Cambridge 1657, and LL.D. 1671; vicar of Gamlingay, co. Cambridge, rector of one moiety 1661, and of the other 1677; died at Cambridge 1689. See Burrows, 525; & O.H.S. iv. 292.
Roode, Onesiphorus s. Edward, of Thame, Oxon, sacerd. New Inn Hall, matric. 27 Oct., 1637, aged 16, B.A. 1 July, 1641; incorporated at Cambridge 1645; chaplain to the house of lords after the expulsion of the bishops; minister of New chapel, Tuttle-Fields, Westminster, 1648, until ejected in 1660. See Calamy, i. 195.
Rood, Richard M.A. from Pembroke Coll. 5 Dec., 1634.
Rooke, John s. Tho., of Broadwell, co. Gloucester, pleb. Pembroke Coll., matric. 1 March, 1683-4, aged 17; brother of Thomas 1693.
Rooke, John s. Tho., of Whitchurch, Wilts, gent. Balliol Coll., matric. 14 Jan., 1713-14, aged 17.
Rooke, Nicholas s. Arthur, of Totnes, Devon, gent. Exeter Coll., matric. 10 March, 1670-1, aged 16; B.A. 1674, M.A. 1677, rector of Dartington, Devon, 1679. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rooke, Robert "ser." Oriel Coll., matric. 1 April, 1656, B.A. 1659.
Rooke, Robert s. R., p.p. St. Alban Hall, matric. 30 March, 1677, aged 17.
Rooke, Thomas pleb. Christ Church, matric. 3 May, 1659.
Rooke, William (Roock) of Dorset, pleb. Brasenose Coll., matric. entry under date 20 March, 1578-9, aged 19; B.A. from St. Alban Hall 30 Jan., 1582-3, M.A. 9 May, 1586.
Rooke, William of Dorset, gent. New Coll., matric. 12 July, 1605, aged 18; B.A. 21 Feb., 1608-9, chaplain, M.A. 16 Dec., 1611, rector of North Cheriton, Somerset, 1618. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rooke, William s. J., of Workington, Cumberland, p.p. Queen's Coll., matric. 22 Oct., 1669, aged 17; B.A. 1674, M.A. 1677, B.D. 1690, vicar of Plumstead, Kent, 1691, and rector of Hadley, Hants, 1695. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rookes, Christopher (Rokys or Rokkis) B.A. 8 July, 1522, M.A. 1 July, 1527, B.D. supd. Oct., 1540; principal of Magdalen Hall 1529-32, vicar of Stanstead Abbots, Herts, 1534. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rookes, Jonas B.A. from Magdalen Hall 24 April, 1599, M.A. 11 Feb., 1601-2 (2s. William, of Roydes Hall); vicar of Penistone, Yorks, 1619, see Foster's Index Eccl.; styled fellow and bursar of University Coll. in Foster's Yorkshire Collection, possibly brother of the next-named.
Rookes, Robert of Yorks, pleb. Magdalen Hall, matric. 14 May, 1602, aged 19; possibly brother of the last-named.
Ro(o)kes, William demy Magdalen Coll. 1544, B.A. supd. 1551, fellow 1552-71, M.A. 27 April, 1556, B.Med. supd. 24 April, 1561. See Bloxam, iv. 99.
Rookes, William s. William, of Rhodes Hall, Yorks, gent. University Coll., matric. 30 June, 1665, aged 16; died at Oxford in 1667.
Roope, Ambrose s. A., of Dartmouth Parva, Devon, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 15 March, 1671-2, aged 16.
Roope, George s. Ant., of Bradford, Wilts, gent. Hart Hall, matric. 10 Oct., 1702, aged 15.
Roope, John s. Nicholas, of Dartmouth, Devon, gent. Exeter Coll., matric. 17 Nov., 1637, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1638. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Roope, Nicholas of Devon, gent. Broadgates Hall, matric. 6 Feb., 1606-7, aged 18; B.A. 6 Nov., 1610; probably father of the last-named.
Rooper, Thomas s. T., of London, gent. Trinity Coll., matric. 9 July, 1699, aged 16; B.A. 1703, M.A. 19 Feb., 1705-6, as Roper.
Rooper, William of St. Alban Hall 1667. See Roper.
Roos, Brian D.Can.L. or doctor of decrees of the university of Valentia; incorporated 3 Feb., 1510-11; died 1529, buried in the church of Chelray. See Fasti, i. 31.
Root, Isaac pleb. St. John's Coll., matric. 2 July, 1658, admitted to Merchant Taylors' school 1649 (only son of Isaac, merchant taylor); born in Trinity parish 20 Aug., 1641. See Robinson, i. 193.
Roots, Richard s. Tho., of Tunbridge, Kent, gent. St. John's Coll., matric. 26 Dec., 1689, aged 15; demy Magdalen Coll. 1690-1702, B.A. 1693, M.A. 1696, rector of Chilmarck, Wilts, 1702-27, canon of Sarum 1722, rector and vicar of Bishopstone, Wilts, 1728; brother of William 1699. See Rawl. iii. 447, and xix. 90; Bloxam, vi. 111; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Roots, Thomas of Sussex, pleb. Magdalen Hall, matric. entry 17 Nov., 1581, aged 13; B.A. supd. 1 July, 1584, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1594. See Foster's Judges and Barristers.
Rootes, Thomas s. William, of Tunbridge, Kent, pleb. St. John's Coll., matric. 31 Jan., 1628-9, aged 23; B.A. 12 Feb., 1628-9, vicar of Long Stanton All Saints, co. Cambridge, 1630. See Add. MSS. 15,669-70; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Rootes, Thomas pleb. St. John's Coll., matric. 2 July, 1658; B.A. 1661, M.A. 1666; possibly father of Richard 1689, and William 1699.
Roots, William s. Tho., of Tunbridge, Kent, gent. Christ Church, matric. 16 March, 1698-9, aged 18; B.A. 1704; clerk Magdalen Coll. 1705-11, M.A. 1707, rector of Little Berkhampstead, Herts, 1714; brother of Richard 1689. See Bloxam, ii. 85; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Roper, Francis s. Robert, of Trimdon, co. Durham, gent. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 16 Dec., 1661, aged 18; probably identical with Francis, son of Robert, of Kelloe, co. Durham, farmer, was admitted sizar of St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 21 Sept., 1658, aged 16; fellow, B.A. 1662-3, M.A. 1666, B.D. 1673, vicar of Waterbeach, co. Cambridge, 1678, canon of Ely 1686-90, rector of Northwold, Norfolk, 1687, died 13 April, 1719. See Mayor, 138; Surtees' Durham, i. 107; & Foster's Index Eccl.
Roper, John (or Rooper) demy Magdalen Coll., from Berks, M.A. fellow, 1483, D.D. disp. 27 June, 1506, (first) Margaret professor of divinity, 1500, vice-chancellor of the university 1505, and 1511, principal of Salesurry and George Hall, rector of Witney, Oxon, 1493, vicar of St. Mary's church, Oxford, canon of Cardinal Coll. 1532; died May, 1534. See Ath. i. 76; & Landsowne MS. 979, f. 118.
Roper, John B.A. disp. 4 July, 1512.
Roper, Thomas of Trinity Coll. 1699. See Rooper.
Roper, Philip of Kent, arm. Gloucester Hall, matric. 7 Sept., 1588, aged 15 (subscribes Rooper).
Roper, William (subscribes Rooper) of co. Hereford, militis fil. St. Alban Hall, matric. entry dated 5 June, 1607, aged 13; probably of Malmains, Kent, 2nd son of Sir Christopher Roper, afterwards 2nd baron Teynham. See Foster's Peerage.
Roscarrock, Henry of Cornwall, arm. Hart Hall, matric. entry under date 17 Dec., 1576, aged 21; probably son of Thomas, of Roscarrock, and brother of the next, and of Richard 1581.
Roscarrock, John B.A. 11 Feb., 1576-7; perhaps from Exeter Coll. (and 1s. Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall); died 24 Nov., 1608; brother of Henry and Richard. See O.H.S. xii. 65.
Roscarrock, Nicolas (Roiscariot) B.A. supd. 3 May, 1568, student Inner Temple 1571, as of Roscarrock, Cornwall. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Roscarrock, Richard of Cornwall, arm. Broadgates Hall, matric. entry under date circa 1581, aged 19; student of Middle Temple 1583 (as 3s. Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall, esq.), brother of Henry and John. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Rosdell, Christopher of Yorks, pleb. St. Edmund Hall, matric. entry under date 22 Dec., 1576, aged 22, B.A. 4 July, 1576; rector of St. Bennet Sherehog, London, 1579, and vicar of Somerton, Somerset, 1582. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rose, Christopher s. John, of Marlow, Bucks, gent. Christ Church, matric. 13 Feb., 1622-3, aged 21, B.A. same day; rector of Hutton, Essex, 1642. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.
Rose, Christopher s. Giles, of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, gent. Lincoln Coll., matric. 8 July, 1670, aged 15; student of Gray's Inn, 1673. See Foster's Gray's Inn Register.
Rose, Gilbert Augustinian Canon, B.D. supd. 22 May, 1512, and supd. 12 Dec., 1519, for incorporation as D.D.
Rose, Henry "ser." Lincoln Coll., matric. 22 July, 1658, B.A. 16 Jan., 1660-1, fellow 1662 from Pirton, Oxon, M.A. 1663 (incorporated at Cambridge 1688), B.D. 1672; minister of All Saints, Oxford, but running much into debt, and marrying beneath himself, left his fellowship and church about 1674, retired to London, and at length to Ireland. See Ath. iv. 561.
Rose, Hugh s. "Dav. Ni." (Nigg 4to.), of Ross, Scotland, p.p. (subs. pleb.). Balliol Coll., matric. 3 April, 1707, aged 20; B.A. 1709.
Rose, John B.A. 8 June, 1519, fellow Merton Coll. 1523, M.A. 31 March, 1525; one of these names vicar of Shoreham, Kent, 1536. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.
Rose, John of co. Leicester, pleb. Merton Coll., matric. 24 Nov., 1581, aged 21.
Rose, John s. Jeremy, of Swell, co. Gloucester, pleb. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 12 Dec., 1623, aged 15; B.A. 4 July, 1626.
Rose, John s. Rich., of Halberton, Devon, gent. Exeter Coll., matric. 14 May, 1688, aged 17.
Rose, John s. J., of West Derby, co. Lancaster, pleb. University Coll., matric. 7 March, 1712-13, aged 18, B.A. 1716; rector of Bilborough, Notts, 1722. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rose, Jonathan s. Th., of Mickleton, co. Gloucester, pleb. St. Alban Hall, matric. 16 May, 1677, aged 18; B.A. 9 Feb., 1680-1.
Rose, Joseph s. Thomas, of Sturminster Newton, Dorset, pleb. Oriel Coll., matric. 12 Dec., 1623, aged 19.
Rose, Richard B.A. from Exeter Coll. 14 June, 1621; perhaps student of Middle Temple 1622 (as son and heir of John, of Lyme, Dorset, gent.), and M.P. Lyme Regis April-May, 1640, 1640 (l.p.), till his death after 1648. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg. & Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary.
Rose, Richard arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 29 March, 1656; student of Lincoln's Inn 1659, as 4s. Richard, of Wootton Fitzwarren, Dorset, esq. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg.
Rose, Richard s. Richard, of Monks Kirby, co. Warwick, pleb. Magdalen Coll., matric. 3 May, 1672, aged 16 (as Rosse); chorister 1670-6. See Bloxam, i. 95.
Rose, Richard s. R(ichard), of Wyng, Bucks, gent. Trinity Coll., matric. 7 May, 1680, aged 16; bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1699. See Foster's Judges and Barristers.
Rose, Stephen of co. Gloucester, pleb. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 21 Jan., 1619-20, aged 16; B.A. 13 Nov., 1621, M.A. 2 July, 1625, vicar of Aldermaston 1627, and rector of Barkham 1633, and of Arborfield, Berks, 1640, and perhaps of Hartley Mawditt, Hants, 1652. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus.
Rose, Stephen "ser." Lincoln Coll., matric. 19 Nov., 1650.
Rose, Stephen "servi. fil." Magdalen Coll., matric. 19 Nov., 1650 (subscribes "serv.").
Rose, Stephen "ser." Magdalen Coll., subscribed 23 Nov., 1655; B.A. from Wadham Coll. 1659, vicar of Cold Overton, co. Leicester, 1662-3, and rector of Woolhampton, Berks, 1667-95, father of Temple. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rose, Temple s. Step., of Woolhampton, Berks, cler. Trinity Coll., matric. 29 March, 1693, aged 17, B.A. 1696.
Rose, Thomas Minorite, B.D. 22 June, 1509.
Rose, Thomas of Herts, pleb. Magdalen Hall, matric. 10 Oct., 1589, aged 15.
Rose, Thomas s. Seth, of Telscombe, Sussex, sacerd. Oriel Coll., matric. 5 June, 1640, aged 18; his father rector of Telscombe 1604, etc. See Foster's Index Eccl.
Rose, Thomas s. Edw.,

Answer: Sir Richard.


Input: What is the name of the most active fan club?

Context:
Football Club Urartu (, translated Futbolayin Akumb Urartu), commonly known as Urartu, is an Armenian professional football team based in the capital Yerevan that currently plays in the Armenian Premier League. The club won the Armenian Cup three times, in 1992, 2007 and 2016. In 2013–2014, they won the Armenian Premier League for the first time in their history.

In early 2016, the Russia-based Armenian businessman Dzhevan Cheloyants became a co-owner of the club after purchasing the major part of the club shares. The club was known as FC Banants until 1 August 2019, when it was officially renamed FC Urartu.

History

Kotayk
Urartu FC were founded as FC Banants by Sarkis Israelyan on 21 January 1992 in the village of Kotayk, representing the Kotayk Province. He named the club after his native village of Banants (currently known as Bayan). Between 1992 and 1995, the club was commonly referred to as Banants Kotayk. During the 1992 season, the club won the first Armenian Cup. At the end of the 1995 transitional season, Banants suffered a financial crisis. The club owners decided that it was better to merge the club with FC Kotayk of Abovyan, rather than disband it. In 2001, Banants demerged from FC Kotayk, and was moved from Abovyan to the capital Yerevan.

Yerevan

FC Banants was relocated to Yerevan in 2001. At the beginning of 2003, Banants merged with FC Spartak Yerevan, but was able to limit the name of the new merger to FC Banants. Spartak became Banants's youth academy and later changed the name to Banants-2. Because of the merger, Banants acquired many players from Spartak Yerevan, including Samvel Melkonyan. After the merger, Banants took a more serious approach and have finished highly in the league table ever since. The club managed to lift the Armenian Cup in 2007.
Experience is making way for youth for the 2008 and 2009 seasons. The departures of most of the experienced players have left the club's future to the youth. Along with two Ukrainian players, Ugandan international, Noah Kasule, has been signed.

The club headquarters are located on Jivani Street 2 of the Malatia-Sebastia District, Yerevan.

Domestic

European

Stadium

The construction of the Banants Stadium was launched in 2006 in the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan, with the assistance of the FIFA goal programme. It was officially opened in 2008 with a capacity of 3,600 seats. Further developments were implemented later in 2011, when the playing pitch was modernized and the capacity of the stadium was increased up to 4,860 seats (2,760 at the northern stand, 1,500 at the southern stand and 600 at the western stand).

Training centre/academy
Banants Training Centre is the club's academy base located in the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan. In addition to the main stadium, the centre houses 3 full-size training pitches, mini football pitches as well as an indoor facility. The current technical director of the academy is the former Russian footballer Ilshat Faizulin.

Fans
The most active group of fans is the South West Ultras fan club, mainly composed of residents from several neighbourhoods within the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan, since the club is a de facto representer of the district. Members of the fan club benefit from events organized by the club and many facilities of the Banants training centre, such as the mini football pitch, the club store and other entertainments.

Achievements
 Armenian Premier League
 Winner (1): 2013–14.
 Runner-up (5): 2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2018.

 Armenian Cup
 Winner (3): 1992, 2007, 2016.
 Runner-up (6): 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2021–22

 Armenian Supercup
 Winner (1): 2014.
 Runner-up (5): 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2016.

Current squad

Out on loan

Personnel

Technical staff

Management

Urartu-2

FC Banants' reserve squad play as FC Banants-2 in the Armenian First League. They play their home games at the training field with artificial turf of the Urartu Training Centre.

Managerial history
 Varuzhan Sukiasyan (1992–94)
 Poghos Galstyan (July 1, 1996 – June 30, 1998)
 Oganes Zanazanyan (2001–05)
 Ashot Barseghyan (2005–06)
 Nikolay Kiselyov (2006–07)
 Jan Poštulka (2007)
 Nikolay Kostov (July 1, 2007 – April 8, 2008)
 Nedelcho Matushev (April 8, 2008 – June 30, 2008)
 Kim Splidsboel (2008)
 Armen Gyulbudaghyants (Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 1, 2009)
 Ashot Barseghyan (interim) (2009)
 Stevica Kuzmanovski (Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2010)
 Rafael Nazaryan (Jan 1, 2011 – Jan 15, 2012)
 Volodymyr Pyatenko (Jan 17, 2013 – June 30, 2013)
 Zsolt Hornyák (July 1, 2013 – May 30, 2015)
 Aram Voskanyan (July 1, 2015 – Oct 11, 2015)
 Tito Ramallo (Oct 12, 2015 – Oct 3, 2016)
 Artur Voskanyan (Oct 3, 2016 – Aug 11, 2018)
 Ilshat Faizulin (Aug 12, 2018 –Nov 24, 2019)
 Aleksandr Grigoryan (Nov 25, 2019 –Mar 10, 2021)
 Robert Arzumanyan (10 March 2021–24 June 2022)
 Dmitri Gunko (27 June 2022–)

References

External links
 Official website
 Banants at Weltfussball.de

Urartu
Urartu
Urartu
Urartu

Answer: South West Ultras fan club.


Input: What is the recommended space for using the VR headset?

Answer: It is recommended to have at least a 2x2 meter space for using the VR headset.


Input: What is the correct expression for the derivative of the function?

Context:
\section{Introduction}

Derivate is one of the most important topics not only in mathematics, but also in physics, chemistry, economics and engineering. Every standard Calculus course provides a variety of exercises for the students to learn how to apply the concept of derivative. The types of problems range from finding an equation of the tangent line to the application of differentials and advanced curve sketching. Usually, these exercises heavily rely on such differentiation techniques as Product, Quotient and Chain Rules, Implicit and Logarithmic Differentiation \cite{Stewart2012}. The definition of the derivative is hardly ever applied after the first few classes and its use is not much motivated.

Like many other topics in undergraduate mathematics, derivative gave rise to many misconceptions \cite{Muzangwa2012}, \cite{Gur2007}, \cite{Li2006}. Just when the students seem to learn how to use the differentiation rules for most essential functions, the application of the derivative brings new issues. A common students' error of determining the domain of the derivative from its formula is discussed in \cite{Rivera2013} and some interesting examples of the derivatives, defined at the points where the functions themselves are undefined, are provided. However, the hunt for misconceptions takes another twist for the derivatives undefined at the points where the functions are in fact defined.

The expression of the derivative of the function obtained using differentiation techniques does not necessarily contain the information about the existence or the value of the derivative at the points, where the expression for the derivative is undefined. In this article we discuss a type of continuous functions that have the expression for the derivative undefined at a certain point, while the derivative itself at that point exists. We show, how relying on the formula for the derivative for finding the horizontal tangent line of a function, leads to a false conclusion and consequently to missing a solution. We also provide a simple methodological treatment of similar functions suitable for the classroom.

\section{Calculating the Derivative}

In order to illustrate how deceitful the expression of the derivative can be to a students' eye, let us consider the following problem.

\vspace{12pt}

\fbox{\begin{minipage}{5.25in}

\begin{center}

\begin{minipage}{5.0in}

\vspace{10pt}

\emph{Problem}

\vspace{10pt}

Differentiate the function $f\left(x\right)=\sqrt[3]{x}\sin{\left(x^2\right)}$. For which values of $x$ from the interval $\left[-1,1\right]$ does the graph of $f\left(x\right)$ have a horizontal tangent?

\vspace{10pt}

\end{minipage}

\end{center}

\end{minipage}}

\vspace{12pt}

Problems with similar formulations can be found in many Calculus books \cite{Stewart2012}, \cite{Larson2010}, \cite{Thomas2009}. Following the common procedure, let us find the expression for the derivative of the function $f\left(x\right)$ applying the Product Rule:
\begin{eqnarray}
f'\left(x\right) &=& \left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)'\sin{\left(x^2\right)}+\left(\sin{\left(x^2\right)}\right)'\sqrt[3]{x} \notag \\ &=& \frac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2}}\sin{\left(x^2\right)}+2x\cos{\left(x^2\right)}\sqrt[3]{x} \notag \\ &=& \frac{6x^2\cos{x^2}+\sin{x^2}}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2}} \label{DerivativeExpression}
\end{eqnarray}

Similar to \cite{Stewart2012}, we find the values of $x$ where the derivative $f'\left(x\right)$ is equal to zero:
\begin{equation}
6x^2\cos{x^2}+\sin{x^2} = 0
\label{DerivativeEqualZero}
\end{equation}

Since the expression for the derivative (\ref{DerivativeExpression}) is not defined at $x=0$, it is not hard to see that for all values of $x$ from $\left[-1,1\right]$ distinct from zero, the left-hand side of (\ref{DerivativeEqualZero}) is always positive. Hence, we conclude that the function $f\left(x\right)$ does not have horizontal tangent lines on the interval $\left[-1,1\right]$.

However, a closer look at the graph of the function $f\left(x\right)$ seems to point at a different result: there is a horizontal tangent at $x=0$ (see Figure \ref{fig:FunctionGraph}).

First, note that the function $f\left(x\right)$ is defined in $x=0$. In order to verify if it has a horizontal tangent at this point, let us find the derivative of the function $f\left(x\right)$ using definition:
\begin{eqnarray}
f'\left(0\right) &=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{f\left(0+h\right)-f\left(0\right)}{h}} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{h}\sin{\left(h^2\right)}}{h}} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\left(\sqrt[3]{h} \cdot {h} \cdot \frac{\sin{\left(h^2\right)}}{h^2}\right)} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\sqrt[3]{h}} \cdot \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{h} \cdot \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sin{\left(h^2\right)}}{h^2}} \notag \\
&=& 0 \cdot 0 \cdot 1 = 0 \notag
\end{eqnarray}
since each of the limits above exists. We see that, indeed, the function $f\left(x\right)$ possesses a horizontal tangent line at the point $x=0$.

\section{Closer Look at the Expression for the Derivative}

What is the problem with the standard procedure proposed by many textbooks and repeated in every Calculus class? The explanation lies in the following premise: the expression of the derivative of the function does not contain the information as to whether the function is differentiable or not at the points where it is undefined. As it is pointed out in \cite{Rivera2013}, the domain of the derivative is determined \emph{a priori} and therefore should not be obtained from the formula of the derivative itself.

In the example above the Product Law for derivatives requires the existence of the derivatives of both functions at the point of interest. Since the function $\sqrt[3]{x}$ is not differentiable in zero, the Product Rule cannot be applied.

In order to see what exactly happens when we apply the Product Rule, let us find the expression for the derivative using definition of the derivative:
\begin{eqnarray}
f'\left(x\right) &=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{f\left(x+h\right)-f\left(x\right)}{h}} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{x+h}\sin{\left(x+h\right)^2}-\sqrt[3]{x}\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}{h}} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{x+h}-\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}{h}\sin{\left(x^2\right)}} + \notag \\
&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\left(\sin{\left(x+h\right)^2}-\sin{\left(x^2\right)}\right)}{h}\sqrt[3]{x+h}} \notag \\
&=& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{x+h}-\sqrt[3]{x}}{h}} \cdot \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\sin{\left(x^2\right)}} +  \notag \\&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sin{\left(x+h\right)^2}-\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}{h}} \cdot \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\sqrt[3]{x+h}} \notag \\
&=& \frac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2}} \cdot \sin{\left(x^2\right)}+2x\cos{\left(x^2\right)} \cdot \sqrt[3]{x} \notag
\end{eqnarray}
which seems to be identical to the expression (\ref{DerivativeExpression}).

Students are expected to develop a skill of deriving similar results and know how to find the derivative of the function using definition of the derivative only. But how `legal' are the performed operations?

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=6.0in]{sin.pdf}
	\vspace{.1in}
	\caption{Graph of the function $g\left(x\right)=\sqrt[3]{x}\cos{\left(x^2\right)}$}
	\label{fig:GFunction}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Let us consider each of the following limits:
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{x+h}-\sqrt[3]{x}}{h}} \notag \\
&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}\notag \\
&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sin{\left(x+h\right)^2}-\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}{h}}\notag \\
&& \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\sqrt[3]{x+h}}.
\end{eqnarray*}
The last three limits exist for all real values of the variable $x$. However, the first limit does not exist when $x=0$. Indeed
\begin{equation*}
\lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{0+h}-\sqrt[3]{0}}{h}} = \lim_{h\rightarrow0}{\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{h^2}}} = + \infty
\end{equation*}

This implies that the Product and Sum Laws for limits cannot be applied and therefore this step is not justifiable in the case of $x=0$. When the derivation is performed, we automatically assume the conditions, under which the Product Law for limits can be applied, i.e. that both limits that are multiplied exist. It is not hard to see that in our case these conditions are actually equivalent to $x\neq0$. This is precisely why, when we wrote out the expression for the derivative (\ref{DerivativeExpression}), it already contained the assumption that it is only true for the values of $x$ that are different from zero.

Note, that in the case of $x=0$ the application of the Product and Sum Laws for limits is not necessary, since the term $\left(\sqrt[3]{x+h}-\sqrt[3]{x}\right)\sin{\left(x^2\right)}$ vanishes.

The correct expression for the derivative of the function $f\left(x\right)$ should be the following:
\begin{equation*}
f'\left(x\right)  =
\begin{cases}
\frac{6x^2\cos{\left(x^2\right)}+\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2}}, & \mbox{if } x \neq 0 \\
0, & \mbox{if } x = 0
\end{cases}
\end{equation*}

The expression for the derivative of the function provides the correct value of the derivative only for those values of the independent variable, for which the expression is defined; it does not tell anything about the existence or the value of the derivative, where the expression for the derivative is undefined. Indeed, let us consider the function
\begin{equation*}
g\left(x\right) = {\sqrt[3]{x}}\cos{\left(x^2\right)}
\end{equation*}
and its derivative $g'\left(x\right)$
\begin{equation*}
g'\left(x\right) = \frac{\cos{\left(x^2\right)}-6x^2\sin{\left(x^2\right)}}{3\sqrt[3]{x^2}}
\end{equation*}

Similar to the previous example, the expression for the derivative is undefined at $x=0$. Nonetheless, it can be shown that $g\left(x\right)$ is not differentiable at $x=0$ (see Figure \ref{fig:GFunction}). Therefore, we provided two visually similar functions: both have the expressions for their derivatives undefined in zero, however, one of these functions possesses a derivative, but the other one does not.

\section{Methodological Remarks}

Unfortunately, there exist many functions similar to the ones discussed above and they can arise in a variety of typical Calculus problems: finding the points where the tangent line is horizontal, finding an equation of the tangent and normal lines to the curve at the given point, the use of differentials and graph sketching. Relying only on the expression of the derivative for determining its value at the undefined points may lead to missing a solution (as in the example discussed above) or to some completely false interpretations (as in the case of curve sketching).

As it was discussed above, the expression for the derivative does not provide any information on the existence or the value of the derivative, where the expression itself is undefined. Here we present a methodology for the analysis of this type of functions.

Let $f\left(x\right)$ be the function of interest and $f'\left(x\right)$ be the expression of its derivative undefined at some point $x_{0}$. In order to find out if $f\left(x\right)$ is differentiable at $x_{0}$, we suggest to follow a list of steps:

\begin{enumerate}
  \item Check if the function $f\left(x\right)$ itself is defined at the point $x_{0}$. If $f\left(x\right)$ is undefined at $x_{0}$, then it is not differentiable at $x_{0}$. If $f\left(x\right)$ is defined at $x_{0}$, then proceed to next step.
  \item Identify the basic functions that are used in the formula of the function $f\left(x\right)$, that are themselves defined at the point $x_{0}$, but their derivative is not (such as, for example, the root functions).
	\item Find the derivative of the function $f\left(x\right)$ at the point $x_{0}$ using definition.
\end{enumerate}

The importance of the first step comes from the fact that most students tend to pay little attention to the functions domain analysis when asked to investigate its derivative. Formally, the second step can be skipped, however it will give the students the insight into which part of the function presents a problem and teach them to identify similar cases in the future. the difficulty of accomplishing the third step depends on the form of the function and sometimes can be tedious. Nevertheless, it allows the students to apply the previously obtained skills and encourages the review of the material.

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=6.0in]{cos.pdf}
	\vspace{.1in}
	\caption{Graph of the function $g\left(x\right)=\sqrt[3]{x}\cos{\left(x^2\right)}$}
	\label{fig:GFunction}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion}

We discussed the misconception, that the expression of the derivative of the function contains the information as to whether the function is differentiable or not at the points, where the expression is undefined. We considered a typical Calculus problem of looking for the horizontal tangent line of a function as an example. We showed how the search for the values that make the expression of the derivative equal zero leads to missing a solution: even though the expression of the derivative is undefined, the function still possesses the derivative at the point. We provided an example of the function that similarly has the expression for the derivative undefined, however the function is not differentiable at the point. We also presented the methodological treatment of such functions by applying the definition of the derivative, which can be used in the classroom.

Answer: It depends on the value of x, either 0 or (6x^2cos(x^2)+sin(x^2))/(3(x^2)^(1/3)).


Input: What award did Brooksley Born receive in 2009?

Context:
Brooksley Elizabeth Born (born August 27, 1940) is an American attorney and former public official who, from August 26, 1996, to June 1, 1999, was chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency which oversees the U.S. futures and commodity options markets. During her tenure on the CFTC, Born lobbied Congress and the President to give the CFTC oversight of off-exchange markets for derivatives, in addition to its role with respect to exchange-traded derivatives, but her warnings were ignored or dismissed, and her calls for reform resisted by other regulators.<ref name="nytimes">Goodman, Peter S. The Reckoning - Taking Hard New Look at a Greenspan Legacy, The New York Times, October 9, 2008.</ref> Born resigned as chairperson on June 1, 1999, shortly after Congress passed legislation prohibiting her agency from regulating derivatives.

Early life and education
Born graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School (San Francisco, California) at the age of 16. She then attended Stanford University, where she majored in English and was graduated with the class of 1961.  She initially wanted to become a doctor, but a guidance counsellor at Stanford advised her against medicine, so she majored in English literature instead.

She then attended Stanford Law School, one of only seven women in her class.  She was the first female student ever to be named president of the Stanford Law Review. She received the "Outstanding Senior" award and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1964.

Legal career
Immediately after law school Born was selected as a law clerk to judge Henry Edgerton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. It was during this time that she met her first husband, Jacob C. Landau, who was a journalist covering the Federal courts at the time. Following her clerkship, she became an associate at the Washington, D.C.-based international law firm of Arnold & Porter. Born was attracted to Arnold & Porter because it was one of the few major law firms to have a woman partner at that time, Carolyn Agger, who was the head of the tax practice. Born took a two-year leave of absence from Arnold & Porter to accompany her first husband to Boston, where he had received a fellowship. During that time she worked as a research assistant to law professor Alan Dershowitz.

Born's early career at Arnold & Porter focused on international trade law, in which she represented a number of Swiss industries and the government of Switzerland. She developed a practice representing clients in numerous complex litigation and arbitration cases involving financial market transactions. Among her high-profile cases was the matter of the Hunt Brothers attempt to corner the market in silver in the 1970s. She made partner at Arnold & Porter, after moving to a three-day schedule to help raise her second child, and eventually rose to be the head of the firm's derivatives practice.

Born was among the first female attorneys to systematically address inequities regarding how the laws treated women. Born and another female lawyer, Marna Tucker, taught what is considered to have been the first "Women and the Law" course at Catholic University’s Columbus School of Law. The class exclusively concerned prejudicial treatment of women under the laws of the United States, past and present.  Born and Tucker were surprised to discover that there was no textbook on the issue at the time.  Born is also one of the co-founders of the National Women's Law Center. Born also helped rewrite the American Bar Association rules to make it possible for more women and minorities to sit on federal bench.

During her long legal career, and into her retirement, Born did much pro bono and other types of volunteer work. She was active in the American Bar Association, the largest professional organization of lawyers in the United States.  Initially Born was named a member of the governing council of the ABA's Individual Rights Section, eventually becoming chairperson.  Born and Tucker founded the ABA Women's Caucus, the first organization of female lawyers in the ABA.  She held several other senior positions in the ABA, including being named the first woman member of the ABA's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary.  As a member of the Judiciary Committee, Born provided testimony and opinion on persons nominated for federal judgeships. In 1980 she was named chair of the committee.  As chair of the committee, Born was invited to address the U.S. Congress regarding the nomination of Judge Sandra Day O'Connor to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In 1993, Born's name was floated as a possible candidate for Attorney General of the United States, but Janet Reno was nominated.

In July 2009, Nancy Pelosi appointed Brooksley Born as a commissioner to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC).

Born and the OTC derivatives market
Born was appointed to the CFTC on April 15, 1994, by President Bill Clinton. Due to litigation against Bankers Trust Company by Procter and Gamble and other corporate clients, Born and her team at the CFTC sought comments on the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives, a first step in the process of writing CFTC regulations to supplement the existing regulations of the Federal Reserve System,  the Options Clearing Corporation, and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Born was particularly concerned about swaps, financial instruments that are traded over the counter between banks, insurance companies or other funds or companies, and thus have no transparency except to the two counterparties and the counterparties' regulators, if any.  CFTC regulation was strenuously opposed by Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan, and by Treasury Secretaries Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers. On May 7, 1998, former SEC Chairman Arthur Levitt joined Rubin and Greenspan in objecting to the issuance of the CFTC's concept release. Their response dismissed Born's analysis and focused on the hypothetical possibility that CFTC regulation of swaps and other OTC derivative instruments could create a "legal uncertainty" regarding such financial instruments,  hypothetically reducing the value of the instruments. They argued that the imposition of regulatory costs would "stifle financial innovation" and encourage financial capital to transfer its  transactions offshore. The disagreement between Born and the Executive Office's top economic policy advisors has been described not only as a classic Washington turf war, but also a war of ideologies,  insofar as it is possible to argue that Born's actions were consistent with Keynesian and neoclassical economics while Greenspan, Rubin, Levitt, and Summers consistently espoused neoliberal, and neoconservative policies.

In 1998, a trillion-dollar hedge fund called Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) was near collapse.  Using mathematical models to calculate debt risk, LTCM used derivatives to leverage $5 billion into more than $1 trillion, doing business with fifteen of Wall Street's largest financial institutions.  The derivative transactions were not regulated, nor were investors able to evaluate LTCM's exposures.  Born stated, "I thought that LTCM was exactly what I had been worried about".  In the last weekend of September 1998, the President's working group was told that the entire American economy hung in the balance.  After intervention by the Federal Reserve, the crisis was averted.  In congressional hearings into the crisis, Greenspan acknowledged that language had been introduced into an agriculture bill that would prevent CFTC from regulating the derivatives which were at the center of the crisis that threatened the US economy.  U.S. Representative Maurice Hinchey (D-NY) asked "How many more failures do you think we'd have to have before some regulation in this area might be appropriate?"  In response, Greenspan brushed aside the substance of Born's warnings with the simple assertion that "the degree of supervision of regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market is quite adequate to maintain a degree of stability in the system". Born's warning was that there wasn't any regulation of them.  Born's chief of staff, Michael Greenberger summed up Greenspan's position this way: "Greenspan didn't believe that fraud was something that needed to be enforced, and he assumed she probably did. And of course, she did."  Under heavy pressure from the financial lobby, legislation prohibiting regulation of derivatives by Born's agency was passed by the Congress.  Born resigned on June 1, 1999.

The derivatives market continued to grow yearly throughout both terms of George W. Bush's administration. On September 15, 2008, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers forced a broad recognition of a financial crisis in both the US and world capital markets.  As Lehman Brothers' failure temporarily reduced financial capital's confidence, a number of newspaper articles and television programs suggested that the failure's possible causes included the conflict between the CFTC and the other regulators.Faiola, Anthony, Nakashima, Ellen and Drew, Jill. The Crash: Risk and Regulation - What Went Wrong, The Washington Post, October 15, 2008.

Born declined to publicly comment on the unfolding 2008 crisis until March 2009, when she said: "The market grew so enormously, with so little oversight and regulation, that it made the financial crisis much deeper and more pervasive than it otherwise would have been." She also lamented the influence of Wall Street lobbyists on the process and the refusal of regulators to discuss even modest reforms.

An October 2009 Frontline documentary titled "The Warning"  described Born's thwarted efforts to regulate and bring transparency to the derivatives market, and the continuing opposition thereto. The program concluded with an excerpted interview with Born sounding another warning: "I think we will have continuing danger from these markets and that we will have repeats of the financial crisis -- may differ in details but there will be significant financial downturns and disasters attributed to this regulatory gap, over and over, until we learn from experience."

In 2009 Born, along with Sheila Bair of the FDIC, was awarded the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award in recognition of the "political courage she demonstrated in sounding early warnings about conditions that contributed" to the 2007-08 financial crisis.  According to Caroline Kennedy, "Brooksley Born recognized that the financial security of all Americans was being put at risk by the greed, negligence and opposition of  powerful and well connected interests.... The catastrophic financial events of recent months have  proved them [Born and Sheila Bair] right."  One member of the President's working group had a change of heart about Brooksley Born.  SEC Chairman Arthur Levitt stated "I've come to know her as one of the most capable, dedicated, intelligent and committed public servants that I have ever come to know", adding that "I could have done much better. I could have made a difference" in response to her warnings.

In 2010, a documentary film Inside Job further alleged that derivatives regulation was ineffective from the Clinton administration on. Along with fellow whistleblower, former IMF Chief Economist Raghuram Rajan, who was also scorned by the economic establishment, Brooksley Born was cited as one of the authorities arguing that financial derivatives increase economic risk.

 Personal life
Born is married to Alexander E. Bennett (also retired from Arnold & Porter).  She has five adult children - two from a previous marriage to Jacob Landau and three stepchildren. Notably, Born was named a partner at Arnold & Porter while working part-time so she could raise her two young children.  When both of her children were school-age, Born returned to practice full-time.

References

External links
Attorney profile at Arnold & Porter
Brooksley Born (2009 Winner) of the Profiles in Courage Award, with acceptance speech transcript and NECN video

Profile at MarketsWiki
Speeches and statements
"Testimony Of Brooksley Born Chairperson of the CFTC Concerning The Over-The-Counter Derivatives Market", before the House Committee On Banking And Financial Services, July 24, 1998.
"The Lessons of Long Term Capital Management L.P.", Remarks of Brooksley Born, Chairperson of the CFTC, Chicago-Kent-IIT Commodities Law Institute, Chicago, Illinois, October 15, 1998.
 Interview: Brooksley Born for "PBS Frontline: The Warning", PBS, (streaming VIDEO 1 hour), October 20, 2009.
Articles
Manuel Roig-Franzia. "Credit Crisis Cassandra:Brooksley Born's Unheeded Warning Is a Rueful Echo 10 Years On", The Washington Post, May 26, 2009
 Taibbi, Matt. "The Great American Bubble Machine", Rolling Stone'', July 9–23, 2009

1940 births
American women lawyers
Arnold & Porter people
Clinton administration personnel
Columbus School of Law faculty
Commodity Futures Trading Commission personnel
Heads of United States federal agencies
Lawyers from San Francisco
Living people
Stanford Law School alumni
21st-century American women
Stanford University alumni

Answer: In 2009, Brooksley Born received the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award.


Input: When did Margaret Way start self-publishing her books as e-books?

Context:
Margaret Way (b. Brisbane d. Cleveland, Queensland, Australia ) was an Australian writer of romance novels and women's fiction. A prolific author, Way wrote more than 120 novels since 1970, many through Mills & Boon, a romance imprint of British publisher Harlequin UK Ltd., owned by Harlequin Enterprises.

Biography
Before her marriage, she was a well-known pianist, teacher, vocal coach and accompanist. She began writing when her son, Laurence Way, was born, a friend took a pile of Mills & Boon books to her, she read all and decided that she also could write these types of novels. She began to write and promote her country with her stories set in Australia. She sold her first novels in 1970. Margaret Way lives with her family in her native Brisbane. Beginning in 2013, Margaret began to self-publish, releasing her first "e-book" mid-July.

Margaret died on the 10th of August 2022 in Cleveland, Queensland.

Bibliography

Single Novels
King Country (1970)
Blaze of Silk (1970)
The Time of the Jacaranda (1970)
Bauhinia Junction (1971)
Man from Bahl Bahla (1971)
Summer Magic (1971)
Return to Belle Amber (1971)
Ring of Jade (1972)
Copper Moon (1972)
Rainbow Bird (1972)
Man Like Daintree (1972)
Noonfire (1972)
Storm Over Mandargi (1973)
Wind River (1973)
Love Theme (1974)
McCabe's Kingdom (1974)
Sweet Sundown (1974)
Reeds of Honey (1975)
Storm Flower (1975)
Lesson in Loving (1975)
Flight into Yesterday (1976)
Red Cliffs of Malpara (1976)
Man on Half-moon (1976)
Swan's Reach (1976)
Mutiny in Paradise (1977)
One Way Ticket (1977)
Portrait of Jaime (1977)
Black Ingo (1977)
Awakening Flame (1978)
Wild Swan (1978)
Ring of Fire (1978)
Wake the Sleeping Tiger (1978)
Valley of the Moon (1979)
White Magnolia (1979)
Winds of Heaven (1979)
Blue Lotus (1979)
Butterfly and the Baron (1979)
Golden Puma (1980)
Temple of Fire (1980)
Lord of the High Valley (1980)
Flamingo Park (1980)
North of Capricorn (1981)
Season for Change (1981)
Shadow Dance (1981)
McIvor Affair (1981)
Home to Morning Star (1981)
Broken Rhapsody (1982)
The Silver Veil (1982)
Spellbound (1982)
Hunter's Moon (1982)
Girl at Cobalt Creek (1983)
No Alternative (1983)
House of Memories (1983)
Almost a Stranger (1984)
A place called Rambulara (1984)
Fallen Idol (1984)
Hunt the Sun (1985)
Eagle's Ridge (1985)
The Tiger's Cage (1986)
Innocent in Eden (1986)
Diamond Valley (1986)
Morning Glory (1988)
Devil Moon (1988)
Mowana Magic (1988)
Hungry Heart (1988)
Rise of an Eagle (1988)
One Fateful Summer (1993)
The Carradine Brand (1994)
Holding on to Alex (1997)
The Australian Heiress (1997)
Claiming His Child (1999)
The Cattleman's Bride (2000)
The Cattle Baron (2001)
The Husbands of the Outback (2001)
Secrets of the Outback (2002)
With This Ring (2003)
Innocent Mistress (2004)
Cattle Rancher, Convenient Wife (2007)
Outback Marriages (2007)
Promoted: Nanny to Wife (2007)
Cattle Rancher, Secret Son (2007)
Genni's Dilemma (2008)
Bride At Briar Ridge (2009)
Outback Heiress, Surprise Proposal (2009)
Cattle Baron, Nanny Needed (2009)

Legends of the Outback Series
Mail Order Marriage (1999)
The Bridesmaid's Wedding (2000)
The English Bride (2000)
A Wife at Kimbara (2000)

Koomera Crossing Series
Sarah's Baby (2003)
Runaway Wife (2003)
Outback Bridegroom (2003)
Outback Surrender (2003)
Home to Eden (2004)

McIvor Sisters Series
The Outback Engagement (2005)
Marriage at Murraree (2005)

Men Of The Outback Series
The Cattleman (2006)
The Cattle Baron's Bride (2006)
Her Outback Protector (2006)
The Horseman (2006)

Outback Marriages Series
Outback Man Seeks Wife (2007)
Cattle Rancher, Convenient Wife (2007)

Barons of the Outback Series Multi-Author
Wedding At Wangaree Valley (2008)
Bride At Briar's Ridge (2008)

Family Ties Multi-Author
Once Burned (1995)

Hitched! Multi-Author
A Faulkner Possession (1996)

Simply the Best Multi-Author
Georgia and the Tycoon (1997)

The Big Event Multi-Author
Beresford's Bride (1998)

Guardian Angels Multi-Author
Gabriel's Mission (1998)

Australians Series Multi-Author
7. Her Outback Man (1998)
17. Master of Maramba (2001)
19. Outback Fire (2001)
22. Mistaken Mistress (2002)
24. Outback Angel (2002)
33. The Australian Tycoon's Proposal (2004)
35. His Heiress Wife (2004)

Marrying the Boss Series Multi-Author
Boardroom Proposal (1999)

Contract Brides Series Multi-Author
Strategy for Marriage (2002)

Everlasting Love Series Multi-Author
Hidden Legacy (2008)

Diamond Brides Series Multi-Author
The Australian's Society Bride (2008)

Collections
Summer Magic / Ring of Jade / Noonfire (1981)
Wife at Kimbara / Bridesmaid's Wedding (2005)

Omnibus in Collaboration
Pretty Witch / Without Any Amazement / Storm Over Mandargi (1977) (with Lucy Gillen and Margaret Malcolm)
Dear Caliban / Heart of the Eagle / Swans' Reach (1978) (with Jane Donnelly and Elizabeth Graham)
The Bonds of Matrimony / Dragon Island / Reeds of Honey (1979) (with Elizabeth Hunter and Henrietta Reid)
The Man Outside / Castles in Spain / McCabe's Kingdom (1979) (with Jane Donnelly and Rebecca Stratton)
Winds From The Sea / Island of Darkness / Wind River (1979) (with Margaret Pargeter and Rebecca Stratton)
Moorland Magic / Tree of Idleness / Sweet Sundown (1980) (with Elizabeth Ashton and Elizabeth Hunter)
The Shifting Sands / Portrait of Jaime / Touched by Fire (1982) (with Jane Donnelly and Kay Thorpe)
Head of Chancery / Wild Heart / One-Way Ticket (1986) (with Betty Beaty and Doris Smith)
Heart of the Scorpion / The Winds of Heaven / Sweet Compulsion (1987) (with Janice Gray and Victoria Woolf)
One Brief Sweet Hour / Once More With Feeling / Blue Lotus (1990) (with Jane Arbor and Natalie Sparks)
Marry Me Cowboy (1995) (with Janet Dailey, Susan Fox and Anne McAllister)
Husbands on Horseback (1996) (with Diana Palmer)
Wedlocked (1999) (with Day Leclaire and Anne McAllister)
Mistletoe Magic (1999) (with Betty Neels and Rebecca Winters)
The Australians (2000) (with Helen Bianchin and Miranda Lee)
Weddings Down Under (2001) (with Helen Bianchin and Jessica Hart)
Outback Husbands (2002) (with Marion Lennox)
The Mother's Day Collection (2002) (with Helen Dickson and Kate Hoffmann)
Australian Nights (2003) (with Miranda Lee)
Outback Weddings (2003) (with Barbara Hannay)
Australian Playboys (2003) (with Helen Bianchin and Marion Lennox)
Australian Tycoons (2004) (with Emma Darcy and Marion Lennox)
A Mother's Day Gift (2004) (with Anne Ashley and Lucy Monroe)
White Wedding (2004) (with Judy Christenberry and Jessica Steele)
A Christmas Engagement (2004) (with Sara Craven and Jessica Matthews)
A Very Special Mother's Day (2005) (with Anne Herries)
All I Want for Christmas... (2005) (with Betty Neels and Jessica Steele)
The Mills and Boon Collection (2006) (with Caroline Anderson and Penny Jordan)
Outback Desire (2006) (with Emma Darcy and Carol Marinelli)
To Mum, with Love (2006) (with Rebecca Winters)
Australian Heroes (2007) (with Marion Lennox and Fiona McArthur)
Tall, Dark and Sexy (2008) (with Caroline Anderson and Helen Bianchin)
The Boss's Proposal (2008) (with Jessica Steele and Patricia Thayer)
Island Heat / Outback Man Seeks Wife / Prince's Forbidden Virgin / One Night Before Marriage / Their Lost-and-found Family / Single Dad's Marriage Wish (2008) (with Robyn Donald, Marion Lennox, Carol Marinelli, Sarah Mayberry and Anne Oliver)
Australian Billionaires (2009) (with Jennie Adams and Amy Andrews)
Cattle Baron : Nanny Needed / Bachelor Dad on Her Doorstep (2009) (with Michelle Douglas)

External links
Margaret Way at Harlequin Enterprises Ltd

Australian romantic fiction writers
Australian women novelists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women romantic fiction writers

Answer: Margaret Way started self-publishing her books as e-books in 2013.


Input: What hedge fund's collapse in 1998 highlighted the need for regulation of derivatives?

Context:
Brooksley Elizabeth Born (born August 27, 1940) is an American attorney and former public official who, from August 26, 1996, to June 1, 1999, was chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency which oversees the U.S. futures and commodity options markets. During her tenure on the CFTC, Born lobbied Congress and the President to give the CFTC oversight of off-exchange markets for derivatives, in addition to its role with respect to exchange-traded derivatives, but her warnings were ignored or dismissed, and her calls for reform resisted by other regulators.<ref name="nytimes">Goodman, Peter S. The Reckoning - Taking Hard New Look at a Greenspan Legacy, The New York Times, October 9, 2008.</ref> Born resigned as chairperson on June 1, 1999, shortly after Congress passed legislation prohibiting her agency from regulating derivatives.

In 2009, Born received the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award, along with Sheila Bair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, in recognition of the "political courage she demonstrated in sounding early warnings about conditions that contributed" to the 2007-08 financial crisis.

Early life and education
Born graduated from Abraham Lincoln High School (San Francisco, California) at the age of 16. She then attended Stanford University, where she majored in English and was graduated with the class of 1961.  She initially wanted to become a doctor, but a guidance counsellor at Stanford advised her against medicine, so she majored in English literature instead.

She then attended Stanford Law School, one of only seven women in her class.  She was the first female student ever to be named president of the Stanford Law Review. She received the "Outstanding Senior" award and graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1964.

Legal career
Immediately after law school Born was selected as a law clerk to judge Henry Edgerton of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. It was during this time that she met her first husband, Jacob C. Landau, who was a journalist covering the Federal courts at the time. Following her clerkship, she became an associate at the Washington, D.C.-based international law firm of Arnold & Porter. Born was attracted to Arnold & Porter because it was one of the few major law firms to have a woman partner at that time, Carolyn Agger, who was the head of the tax practice. Born took a two-year leave of absence from Arnold & Porter to accompany her first husband to Boston, where he had received a fellowship. During that time she worked as a research assistant to law professor Alan Dershowitz.

Born's early career at Arnold & Porter focused on international trade law, in which she represented a number of Swiss industries and the government of Switzerland. She developed a practice representing clients in numerous complex litigation and arbitration cases involving financial market transactions. Among her high-profile cases was the matter of the Hunt Brothers attempt to corner the market in silver in the 1970s. She made partner at Arnold & Porter, after moving to a three-day schedule to help raise her second child, and eventually rose to be the head of the firm's derivatives practice.

Born was among the first female attorneys to systematically address inequities regarding how the laws treated women. Born and another female lawyer, Marna Tucker, taught what is considered to have been the first "Women and the Law" course at Catholic University’s Columbus School of Law. The class exclusively concerned prejudicial treatment of women under the laws of the United States, past and present.  Born and Tucker were surprised to discover that there was no textbook on the issue at the time.  Born is also one of the co-founders of the National Women's Law Center. Born also helped rewrite the American Bar Association rules to make it possible for more women and minorities to sit on federal bench.

During her long legal career, and into her retirement, Born did much pro bono and other types of volunteer work. She was active in the American Bar Association, the largest professional organization of lawyers in the United States.  Initially Born was named a member of the governing council of the ABA's Individual Rights Section, eventually becoming chairperson.  Born and Tucker founded the ABA Women's Caucus, the first organization of female lawyers in the ABA.  She held several other senior positions in the ABA, including being named the first woman member of the ABA's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary.  As a member of the Judiciary Committee, Born provided testimony and opinion on persons nominated for federal judgeships. In 1980 she was named chair of the committee.  As chair of the committee, Born was invited to address the U.S. Congress regarding the nomination of Judge Sandra Day O'Connor to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In 1993, Born's name was floated as a possible candidate for Attorney General of the United States, but Janet Reno was nominated.

In July 2009, Nancy Pelosi appointed Brooksley Born as a commissioner to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC).

Born and the OTC derivatives market
Born was appointed to the CFTC on April 15, 1994, by President Bill Clinton. Due to litigation against Bankers Trust Company by Procter and Gamble and other corporate clients, Born and her team at the CFTC sought comments on the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives, a first step in the process of writing CFTC regulations to supplement the existing regulations of the Federal Reserve System,  the Options Clearing Corporation, and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Born was particularly concerned about swaps, financial instruments that are traded over the counter between banks, insurance companies or other funds or companies, and thus have no transparency except to the two counterparties and the counterparties' regulators, if any.  CFTC regulation was strenuously opposed by Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan, and by Treasury Secretaries Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers. On May 7, 1998, former SEC Chairman Arthur Levitt joined Rubin and Greenspan in objecting to the issuance of the CFTC's concept release. Their response dismissed Born's analysis and focused on the hypothetical possibility that CFTC regulation of swaps and other OTC derivative instruments could create a "legal uncertainty" regarding such financial instruments,  hypothetically reducing the value of the instruments. They argued that the imposition of regulatory costs would "stifle financial innovation" and encourage financial capital to transfer its  transactions offshore. The disagreement between Born and the Executive Office's top economic policy advisors has been described not only as a classic Washington turf war, but also a war of ideologies,  insofar as it is possible to argue that Born's actions were consistent with Keynesian and neoclassical economics while Greenspan, Rubin, Levitt, and Summers consistently espoused neoliberal, and neoconservative policies.

In 1998, a trillion-dollar hedge fund called Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) was near collapse.  Using mathematical models to calculate debt risk, LTCM used derivatives to leverage $5 billion into more than $1 trillion, doing business with fifteen of Wall Street's largest financial institutions.  The derivative transactions were not regulated, nor were investors able to evaluate LTCM's exposures.  Born stated, "I thought that LTCM was exactly what I had been worried about".  In the last weekend of September 1998, the President's working group was told that the entire American economy hung in the balance.  After intervention by the Federal Reserve, the crisis was averted.  In congressional hearings into the crisis, Greenspan acknowledged that language had been introduced into an agriculture bill that would prevent CFTC from regulating the derivatives which were at the center of the crisis that threatened the US economy.  U.S. Representative Maurice Hinchey (D-NY) asked "How many more failures do you think we'd have to have before some regulation in this area might be appropriate?"  In response, Greenspan brushed aside the substance of Born's warnings with the simple assertion that "the degree of supervision of regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market is quite adequate to maintain a degree of stability in the system". Born's warning was that there wasn't any regulation of them.  Born's chief of staff, Michael Greenberger summed up Greenspan's position this way: "Greenspan didn't believe that fraud was something that needed to be enforced, and he assumed she probably did. And of course, she did."  Under heavy pressure from the financial lobby, legislation prohibiting regulation of derivatives by Born's agency was passed by the Congress.  Born resigned on June 1, 1999.

The derivatives market continued to grow yearly throughout both terms of George W. Bush's administration. On September 15, 2008, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers forced a broad recognition of a financial crisis in both the US and world capital markets.  As Lehman Brothers' failure temporarily reduced financial capital's confidence, a number of newspaper articles and television programs suggested that the failure's possible causes included the conflict between the CFTC and the other regulators.Faiola, Anthony, Nakashima, Ellen and Drew, Jill. The Crash: Risk and Regulation - What Went Wrong, The Washington Post, October 15, 2008.

Born declined to publicly comment on the unfolding 2008 crisis until March 2009, when she said: "The market grew so enormously, with so little oversight and regulation, that it made the financial crisis much deeper and more pervasive than it otherwise would have been." She also lamented the influence of Wall Street lobbyists on the process and the refusal of regulators to discuss even modest reforms.

An October 2009 Frontline documentary titled "The Warning"  described Born's thwarted efforts to regulate and bring transparency to the derivatives market, and the continuing opposition thereto. The program concluded with an excerpted interview with Born sounding another warning: "I think we will have continuing danger from these markets and that we will have repeats of the financial crisis -- may differ in details but there will be significant financial downturns and disasters attributed to this regulatory gap, over and over, until we learn from experience."

In 2009 Born, along with Sheila Bair of the FDIC, was awarded the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award in recognition of the "political courage she demonstrated in sounding early warnings about conditions that contributed" to the 2007-08 financial crisis.  According to Caroline Kennedy, "Brooksley Born recognized that the financial security of all Americans was being put at risk by the greed, negligence and opposition of  powerful and well connected interests.... The catastrophic financial events of recent months have  proved them [Born and Sheila Bair] right."  One member of the President's working group had a change of heart about Brooksley Born.  SEC Chairman Arthur Levitt stated "I've come to know her as one of the most capable, dedicated, intelligent and committed public servants that I have ever come to know", adding that "I could have done much better. I could have made a difference" in response to her warnings.

In 2010, a documentary film Inside Job further alleged that derivatives regulation was ineffective from the Clinton administration on. Along with fellow whistleblower, former IMF Chief Economist Raghuram Rajan, who was also scorned by the economic establishment, Brooksley Born was cited as one of the authorities arguing that financial derivatives increase economic risk.

 Personal life
Born is married to Alexander E. Bennett (also retired from Arnold & Porter).  She has five adult children - two from a previous marriage to Jacob Landau and three stepchildren. Notably, Born was named a partner at Arnold & Porter while working part-time so she could raise her two young children.  When both of her children were school-age, Born returned to practice full-time.

References

External links
Attorney profile at Arnold & Porter
Brooksley Born (2009 Winner) of the Profiles in Courage Award, with acceptance speech transcript and NECN video

Profile at MarketsWiki
Speeches and statements
"Testimony Of Brooksley Born Chairperson of the CFTC Concerning The Over-The-Counter Derivatives Market", before the House Committee On Banking And Financial Services, July 24, 1998.
"The Lessons of Long Term Capital Management L.P.", Remarks of Brooksley Born, Chairperson of the CFTC, Chicago-Kent-IIT Commodities Law Institute, Chicago, Illinois, October 15, 1998.
 Interview: Brooksley Born for "PBS Frontline: The Warning", PBS, (streaming VIDEO 1 hour), October 20, 2009.
Articles
Manuel Roig-Franzia. "Credit Crisis Cassandra:Brooksley Born's Unheeded Warning Is a Rueful Echo 10 Years On", The Washington Post, May 26, 2009
 Taibbi, Matt. "The Great American Bubble Machine", Rolling Stone'', July 9–23, 2009

1940 births
American women lawyers
Arnold & Porter people
Clinton administration personnel
Columbus School of Law faculty
Commodity Futures Trading Commission personnel
Heads of United States federal agencies
Lawyers from San Francisco
Living people
Stanford Law School alumni
21st-century American women

Answer: Long Term Capital Management (LTCM).