UN General Assembly
2025

First, analyze where we are and second, give my proposals on what we might want to do together. To understand what's currently happening in the world, I'd like to raise three different but yet related developments. First, it seems to me that there's a growing tension between multilateralism, in other words, an order based on the rule of law, and those that speak the language of multi-polarity or transactionalism. So, difference between multilateralism and multi-polarity. Now, I can understand the temptation and the rationale of the proponents of multi-polarity and transactionalism, but can they solve the world's biggest challenges such as climate change or sustainable development? Today, I see many states, both big and small, pursuing transactional or multi-vectorial foreign policies. In essence, their aim is to diversify their relations with multiple actors rather than aligning with any one particular block. Now, this can be opportunistic, but it may also be justified and reasonable. This depends on political choices. A transactional or multi-vectorial foreign policy is dominated by interests. Interests drive practical choices of states and this is entirely legitimate.