Canadian Spine SocietyAbstract ID 19. Program Code CPSS01. Pediatric Spine Frailty Index predicts morbidity and mortality in spinal deformity surgeryAbstract ID 99. Program Code CPSS02. Evaluation of biplane radiographic systems for scoliotic patientsAbstract ID 180. Program Code CPSS03. Rate of spinal osteochondromas diagnosed via advanced imaging in pediatric patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas: a systematic review and meta-analysisAbstract ID 137. Program Code CPSS04. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studiesAbstract ID 61. Program Code CPSS05. Enhanced recovery pathway for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion surgery: a matched controlled analysisAbstract ID 193. Program Code CPSS06. Integrated approach to back pain in the adolescent populationAbstract ID 38. Program Code CPSS07. Traumatic spinal cord injury in children and adolescents: a 20-year review from the Hospital for Sick ChildrenAbstract ID 93. Program Code CPSS08. Prevalence and prognosis of scapular pain following surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study to guide preoperative counsellingAbstract ID 150. Program Code CPSS09. Preoperative zoledronate is safe for children with medical complexity undergoing posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosisAbstract ID 15. Program Code CPSS10. Allogeneic transfusion is associated with adverse events in idiopathic scoliosis surgeryAbstract ID 56. Program Code A11. Defining the gaps in transitional care to adulthood for patients in pediatric surgical specialties: a scoping reviewAbstract ID 81. Program Code A12. Effect of mixing dissimilar metals on serum metal ion levels following spinal deformity surgeryAbstract ID 184. Program Code A13. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has poor correlation with postoperative neurological deficits in non-cord level adult deformity surgeryAbstract ID 94. Program Code A14. Role of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) in enhancing intraoperative neuromonitoring for spinal deformity surgery — results from a prospective multicentre studyAbstract ID 9. Program Code A15. Does fat matter? The association between extension of fusion and paraspinal muscle fat infiltrationAbstract ID 47. Program Code A16. Pelvic incidence to lumbar lordosis association varies by Roussouly morphotypeAbstract ID 102. Program Code A17. Association between rod and fusion mass fractures in adult spinal deformity: a retrospective cohort studyAbstract ID 8. Program Code A18. Design and implementation of a novel morselized bone interbody cage in posterior lumbar spinal fusion: a biomechanical studyAbstract ID 86. Program Code A19. Decompression versus decompression plus fusion for stable degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: comparing outcomes using propensity score–matched dataAbstract ID 176. Program Code A20. Reoperation rates for decompression and fusion versus decompression alone for degenerative spondylolisthesis: a comparative analysisAbstract ID 186. Program Code B21. Modic change is not associated with occult discitis or poor clinical outcome among patients treated surgically for lumbar disc herniation: prospective cohort studyAbstract ID 145. Program Code B22. Machine learning–driven clinical and imaging clustering of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: implications for stratified surgical careAbstract ID 68. Program Code B23. Which psychosocial measures are most strongly related to surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative pathology of the spine?Abstract ID 111. Program Code B24. Acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with degenerative spinal disorders and maladaptive psychological processes: an observational studyAbstract ID 128. Program Code B25. Assessing construct validity of the Spine Adverse Events Severity System: impact of adverse event severity grade on longitudinal patient-reported outcomes)Abstract ID 72. Program Code B26. A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing traditional midline versus paramedian approaches to the lumbar spine for elective posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion proceduresAbstract ID 96. Program Code B27. Uniportal versus biportal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review and updated meta-analysisAbstract ID 152. Program Code B28. Why business tools are essential for managing a spine programAbstract ID 172. Program Code B29. Relationship between fatty infiltration, frailty, and outcomes after spinal surgeryAbstract ID 143. Program Code C30. Clinical trajectory and outcomes with surgical intervention for traumatic central cord syndrome: impact of mechanism of injuryAbstract ID 13. Program Code C31. Optimal tracheostomy timing following traumatic complete spinal cord injury: a comparative analysis of ultra-early, early and delayed practiceAbstract ID 123. Program Code C32. Early stabilizatio
Year: 2025
Type: review
Language: en
Topic: Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Vivien Chan
raw_affiliation_strings: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Rachelle Imbeault
raw_affiliation_strings: Faculté de médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Jack Legler
raw_affiliation_strings: McGill University, Montréal, Que
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Khaled Skaik
raw_affiliation_strings: Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
McGill University, Montréal, Que
Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Hannah Fonteyne
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Marie J. Beaulieu
raw_affiliation_strings: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Armaan K. Malhotra
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Faculté de médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Antoine Dionne
raw_affiliation_strings: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
Hôpital Sacré Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Orthopedic Surgery, Montréal, Que
Faculté de médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Samuel Yoon
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Vivien Chan
raw_affiliation_strings: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Daisy A. Lu
raw_affiliation_strings: Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Que
Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Que
Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Parham Rasoulinejad
raw_affiliation_strings: London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
Western University, London, Ont
McGill University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Tiffany Lung
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Abdullah T. Eissa
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Jennyfer Paulla Galdino Chaves
raw_affiliation_strings: NSW Spine Specialists, Sydney, Australia
NSW Spine Specialists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que
raw_author_name: Taryn Ludwig
raw_affiliation_strings: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
raw_author_name: Eliana Seider
raw_affiliation_strings: Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Ali Ahmadi
raw_affiliation_strings: Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: James J. Young
raw_affiliation_strings: University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Fyn, Denmark
raw_author_name: Andrew Glennie
raw_affiliation_strings: Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, N.S
Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Mark A. MacLean
raw_affiliation_strings: Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, Pa
UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, Penn
Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Karlo Pedro
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
McGill University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Daniel P. Smith
raw_affiliation_strings: Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Saint John, N.B
Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
raw_author_name: Nathan Evaniew
raw_affiliation_strings: Alberta Spine Foundation, Calgary, Alta
Combined Orthopedic and Neurosurgery Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Calgary Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
raw_author_name: Celina Nahanni
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
raw_author_name: Andrew Glennie
raw_affiliation_strings: Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, N.S
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
raw_author_name: Kaike Lobo
raw_affiliation_strings: State University of Pará, Belem, Para, Brazil
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
raw_author_name: Aazad Abbas
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
raw_author_name: Ronit Kulkarni
raw_affiliation_strings: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Karlo Pedro
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Ahmad Essa
raw_affiliation_strings: Shamir Medical Center, Assaf Harofeh, Zerifin, Israel
Shamir Medical Center, Tzreffin, Israel
Shamir Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
Shamir Medical Center, Tzzrfin, Israel
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Samuel Yoon
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Said Sadiqi
raw_affiliation_strings: Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Antoine Dionne
raw_affiliation_strings: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
Hôpital Sacré Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Orthopedic Surgery, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Vivian Huong Hoang Thien Le
raw_affiliation_strings: Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Najmedden A. Attabib
raw_affiliation_strings: Canada East Spine Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, N.B
Canada East Spine Centre, Saint John, N.B
Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Saint John, N.B
Division of Neurosurgery, Zone 2, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, N.B
Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
Horizon Health Network Department of Neurosurgery, Saint John, N.B
Saint John Regional Hospital Horizon Health Network/Dalhousie University, Saint John, N.B
raw_author_name: Husain Shakil
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Maude Duguay
raw_affiliation_strings: Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Louis Carrier
raw_author_name: Christopher J. Nielsen
raw_affiliation_strings: University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Brent Rosenstein
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Ali M. Fazlollahi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Ruheksh Raj
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
raw_author_name: Brandon J. Herrington
raw_affiliation_strings: Western University, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Mathieu Chayer
raw_affiliation_strings: Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Que
Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Hussein Samhat
raw_affiliation_strings: Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Que
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Jordan J. Levett
raw_affiliation_strings: Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Nadav Rinott
raw_affiliation_strings: McGill University, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Andy Liu
raw_affiliation_strings: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: James McDonald
raw_affiliation_strings: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
raw_author_name: Guillaume Lonjon
raw_affiliation_strings: Clinique St Jean Sud de France, Montpellier, France
Clinique St. Jean Sud de France, Montpellier, France
raw_author_name: Armaan K. Malhotra
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Abdul Al-Shawwa
raw_affiliation_strings: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
raw_author_name: Isaac Wangai
raw_affiliation_strings: London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Vishwathsen Karthikeyan
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Nikolaus Koegl
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Neurosurgery, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Daniel Kurtz
raw_affiliation_strings: Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Newton Cho
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Raphaële Charest-Morin
raw_affiliation_strings: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
University of British Columbia; Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Vancouver, B.C
Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C
Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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raw_affiliation_strings: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Anne Versteeg
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University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Husain Shakil
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Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: William Chu Kwan
raw_affiliation_strings: Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Alexandra Rocha
raw_affiliation_strings: London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
Western University, London, Ont
Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Marco Perez Caceres
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
raw_author_name: Christopher S. Lozano
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Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Emily Bangsboll
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University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
raw_author_name: Nathan Evaniew
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Combined Orthopedic and Neurosurgery Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Calgary Spine Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
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Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Newton Cho
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University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
raw_author_name: Omar Siddiqi
raw_author_name: Ramon Guerra Barbosa
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Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Que
Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Que
l'Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Que
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Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
raw_author_name: Thamer Alfawaz
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raw_author_name: Vishwathsen Karthikeyan
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Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Yan G.M.D. Silva
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Healthcare Institution of South Iceland, Selfoss, Arborg, Iceland
Healthcare Institution of South Iceland, Selfoss, Iceland
Hospital Ortopedico do Estado, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Hospital Ortopédico do Estado, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Hospital do Estado, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Spine Surgery-Hospital Ortopédico do Estado (Soc. Ben. Israelita Albert Einstein), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
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raw_author_name: Geneviève L. Belanger
raw_affiliation_strings: Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
raw_author_name: Jenna Smith-Forrester
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Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, N.S
London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Lauren Barter
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raw_author_name: Rachael Jaffe
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Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and B.C. Children's Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
raw_author_name: Sarah Bradley
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London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Lauren I. Daunt
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University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Chien Yew Kow
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Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia and B.C. Children's Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
raw_author_name: Chloe Cadieux
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University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Christopher J. Nielsen
raw_affiliation_strings: University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Paweł Łajczak
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Medical University of Silesia, Katovice, Poland
London Health Sciences Centre Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, London, Ont
raw_author_name: Chien Yew Kow
raw_affiliation_strings: Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Jennyfer Paulla Galdino Chaves
raw_affiliation_strings: NSW Spine Specialists, Sydney, Australia
NSW Spine Specialists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
raw_author_name: Victoria Smith
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University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
raw_author_name: Mark Abdelnour
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Washington University, St Louis, Mo
raw_author_name: Chloe Cadieux
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University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
raw_author_name: Abdullah T. Eissa
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raw_author_name: Vivien Chan
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Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Columbia University, New York, N.Y
raw_author_name: Lily Switzer
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raw_author_name: Karim Aboelmagd
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raw_author_name: Nuno M. Batista
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