Time-Resolved Leader Spectra of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes observed at the Telescope Array Surface Detector
Year: 2025
Type: article
Topic: Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Ny Thi Kieu
raw_affiliation_strings: Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: R. U. Abbasi
raw_affiliation_strings: Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: Marcelo Magalhães Fares Saba
raw_affiliation_strings: INPE - National Institute for Space Research
raw_author_name: Paul Krehbiel‬
raw_affiliation_strings: New Mexico Tech
raw_author_name: F. J Gordillo-Vazquez
raw_affiliation_strings: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC
raw_author_name: Mark A. Stanley
raw_affiliation_strings: LANL
raw_author_name: Diego Rhamon Reis da Silva
raw_affiliation_strings: National Institute for Space Research
raw_author_name: J.W. Belz
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: Tom A. Warner
raw_affiliation_strings: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
raw_author_name: Willam Rison
raw_affiliation_strings: Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
raw_author_name: D. Rodeheffer
raw_affiliation_strings: Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research
raw_author_name: Ivan Toucedo Cruz
raw_affiliation_strings: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
raw_author_name: Davide Mazzucco
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: Tyler Knight
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: Jackson R. Remington
raw_affiliation_strings: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
raw_author_name: J. Mazich
raw_affiliation_strings: Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: Ryan LeVon
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: K. Smout
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: A. Petrizze
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: T. Abu-Zayyad
raw_affiliation_strings: Loyola University Chicago
raw_author_name: Monica Allen
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: D.R. Bergman
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: I. Buckland
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: William Campbell
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: B.G. Cheon
raw_affiliation_strings: Hanyang University
raw_author_name: K. Endo
raw_affiliation_strings: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: A. Fedynitch
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: T. Fujii
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Metropoliitan University
raw_author_name: K. Fujisue
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: K. Fujita
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: M. Fukushima
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: Greg Furlich
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: Z. Gerber
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: N. Globus
raw_affiliation_strings: Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN
raw_author_name: William Hanlon
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: N. Hayashida
raw_affiliation_strings: Kanagawa University
raw_author_name: H. He
raw_affiliation_strings: Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN,
raw_author_name: K. Hibino
raw_affiliation_strings: Kanagawa University
raw_author_name: R. Higuchi
raw_affiliation_strings: Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory, RIKEN
raw_author_name: Daisuke Ikeda
raw_affiliation_strings: Kanagawa University
raw_author_name: Takaaki Ishii
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Yamanashi
raw_author_name: Dmitry Ivanov
raw_affiliation_strings: Volga State University of Technology
raw_author_name: S. Jeong
raw_affiliation_strings: SungKyunKwan University
raw_author_name: C.C.H. Jui
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
raw_author_name: K. Kadota
raw_affiliation_strings: Tokyo City University
raw_author_name: F. Kakimoto
raw_affiliation_strings: Kanagawa University
raw_author_name: O. Kalashev
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
raw_author_name: Katsuaki Kasahara
raw_affiliation_strings: Shibaura Institute of Technology
raw_author_name: Y. Kawachi
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: K. Kawata
raw_affiliation_strings: ICRR, University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: I. Kharuk
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
raw_author_name: E. Kido
raw_affiliation_strings: Unknown
raw_author_name: H.B. Kim
raw_affiliation_strings: Hanyang University
raw_author_name: J.H. Kim
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
Unknown
raw_author_name: S.W. Kim
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University,
University of Utah
raw_author_name: R. Kobo
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Metropolitan University
Department of Physics, SungKyunKwan University,
raw_author_name: I. Komae
raw_affiliation_strings: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: K. Komatsu
raw_affiliation_strings: Shinshu University
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: K. Komori
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Electro-Communication University
Shinshu University
raw_author_name: C. Koyama
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
Osaka Electro-Communication University
raw_author_name: M. Kudenko
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: M. Kuroiwa
raw_affiliation_strings: Shinshu University
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
raw_author_name: Y. Kusumori
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Electro-Communication University
Shinshu University
raw_author_name: M. Kuznetsov
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Osaka Electro-Communication University
raw_author_name: Y.J. Kwon
raw_affiliation_strings: Yonsei University
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
raw_author_name: K.H. Lee
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Physics and The Research Institue of Natural Science, Hanyang University
Yonsei University
raw_author_name: M.J. Lee
raw_affiliation_strings: Sungkyunkwan University
Department of Physics and The Research Institue of Natural Science, Hanyang University
raw_author_name: B. Lubsandorzhiev
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sungkyunkwan University
raw_author_name: J.P. Lundquist
raw_affiliation_strings: Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences
raw_author_name: A. Matsuzawa
raw_affiliation_strings: Shinshu University
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica
raw_author_name: H. Matsushita
raw_affiliation_strings: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
Shinshu University
raw_author_name: J.A Mathews
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: J.N. Matthews
raw_affiliation_strings: Unknown
University of Utah
raw_author_name: K. Mizuno
raw_affiliation_strings: Shinshu University
Unknown
raw_author_name: M. Mori
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Electro-Communication University
Shinshu University
raw_author_name: M. Murakami
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Electro-Communication University
raw_author_name: S. Nagataki
raw_affiliation_strings: RIKEN
Osaka Electro-Communication University
raw_author_name: K. Nakagawa
raw_affiliation_strings: Graduate School ofScience, Osaka Metropolitan University
RIKEN
raw_author_name: M. Nakahara
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Metropolitan University
Graduate School ofScience, Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: T. Nakamura
raw_affiliation_strings: Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University
Osaka Metropolitan University
raw_author_name: T. Nakayama
raw_affiliation_strings: Shinshu University
Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering, Shinshu University
raw_author_name: Y. Nakayama
raw_affiliation_strings: Osaka Electro-Communication University
Shinshu University
raw_author_name: Toshiyuki Nonaka
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
Osaka Electro-Communication University
raw_author_name: S. Ogio
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa,
University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: H. Ohoka
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa,
raw_author_name: N. Okazaki
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: M Onishi
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: A. Oshima
raw_affiliation_strings: College of Engineering, Chubu University
University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: H. Oshima
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
College of Engineering, Chubu University
raw_author_name: S. Ozawa
raw_affiliation_strings: Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute for Information and Communications Technology
University of Tokyo
raw_author_name: I. H. Park
raw_affiliation_strings: Sungkyunkwan University
Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute for Information and Communications Technology
raw_author_name: K.Y. Park
raw_affiliation_strings: Hanyang University
Sungkyunkwan University
raw_author_name: M. Potts
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
Hanyang University
raw_author_name: M. Przybylak
raw_affiliation_strings: Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research
University of Utah
raw_author_name: Maxim S. Pshirkov
raw_affiliation_strings: Lomonosov Moscow State University
Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research
raw_author_name: Carsten Rott
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Utah
Lomonosov Moscow State University
raw_author_name: Grigory Rubtsov
raw_affiliation_strings: INR RAS
University of Utah
raw_author_name: Dongsu Ryu
raw_affiliation_strings: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
INR RAS
raw_author_name: H. Sagawa
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Tokyo
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
raw_author_name: N. Sakaki
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo