Omission of main effects from regression models with a ratio variable as the focal exposure can result in bias and inflated type I error rates
Year: 2025
Type: article
Language: en
Topic: Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Matthew J. Valente
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: mjvalente@usf.edu
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America. Electronic address: mjvalente@usf.edu
raw_author_name: Biwei Cao
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America
raw_author_name: Daniëlle D.B. Holthuijsen
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
raw_author_name: Martijn J.L. Bours
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
raw_author_name: Simone J.P.M. Eussen
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America
raw_author_name: Matty P. Weijenberg
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
raw_author_name: Judith J.M. Rijnhart
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America