Bradycardia in Athletes: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Risks
Year: 2025
Type: article
Language: en
Topic: Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Paolo D’Ambrosio
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia (P.D., G.M.M.)
Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., P.M.K., J.M.K., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Jarne De Paepe
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.R., R.W.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiology and Organ Systems, LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Luke W. Spencer
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., P.M.K., J.M.K., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Monique Ohanian
raw_affiliation_strings: Inherited Heart Diseases Lab (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., D.F.), Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Kristel Janssens
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The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (K.J.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Amy M. Mitchell
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Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: M. Darragh Flannery
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Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Youri Bekhuis
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.R., R.W.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiology and Organ Systems, LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Rik Pauwels
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Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.R., R.W.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiology and Organ Systems, LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Boris Delpire
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Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.R., R.W.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiology and Organ Systems, LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., G.C.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Christophe Dausin
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Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Stephanie J. Rowe
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Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., P.M.K., J.M.K., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (S.J.R., A.L.G.)
Heart, Exercise and Research Trials Lab, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia (P.D., L.W.S., K.J., A.M.M., M.D.F., S.J.R., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Tim Van Puyvelde
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Hartcentrum Bonheiden Lier, Bonheiden, Belgium (T.V.P.)
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
raw_author_name: Paul E. Young
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Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Magdalena J. Soka
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Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Renee Johnson
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School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia (R.J., E.G., D.F.)
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
raw_author_name: Chenglong Yu
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raw_author_name: Gwilym M. Morris
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School of Medicine and Public Health, Newcastle University, Callaghan, NSW, Australia (G.M.M.)
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Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia (R.J., E.G., D.F.)
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
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Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.M.K., J.M.K.)
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Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.M.K., J.M.K.)
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Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (J.D.P., Y.B., R.P., B.D., T.V.P., T.R., R.W., G.C.)(and Movement Sciences)(C.D.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia (M.O., P.Y., M.S., R.J., E.G., D.F., A.L.G.)
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