Focused Ultrasound in Brain Tumors: Mechanisms, Imaging Guidance, and Emerging Clinical Applications
Year: 2025
Type: article
Language: en
Topic: Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Ali Nabavizadeh
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Kazim Narsinh
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Timothy J Kaufmann
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: HaoLi Liu
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Antonios N. Pouliopoulos
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Francesco Prada
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Vijay Agarwal
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Benjamin M. Ellingson
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Francesco Sanvito
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Richard G. Everson
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Ying Meng
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Dheeraj Gandhi
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Susan M. Chang
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Patrick Y. Wen
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Nicolle Sul
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Lauren Hadley
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Suzanne Leblang
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Bhavya R. Shah
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Costas D. Arvanitis
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Terry C. Burns
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Shayan Moosa
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
raw_author_name: Graeme F. Woodworth
raw_affiliation_strings: From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA
From the Department of Radiology (A.N.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (K.N.), University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (T.K., S.C.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Radiology (H.L., T.B.), National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (A.P.), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery (F.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.A.), Alpheus Medical, Oakdale, MN, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences (B.E., F.S.), Department of Neurosurgery (R.E.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (Y.M.), Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Radiology (D.G.), Department of Neurosurgery (G.W.), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (P.W.), Boston, MA, USA; Baptist Health (M.A.), Miami, FL, USA; Focused Ultrasound Foundation (N.S., L.P., S.L.), Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology and Neurological Surgery (B.S.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.A.), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery (S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA