Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Year: 2025
Type: article
Language: en
Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Authors and affiliations:
raw_author_name: Sarah Brooke Sirota
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Rose Grace Bender
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
raw_author_name: Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Amanda Movo
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Lucien R Swetschinski
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Daniel T Araki
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
raw_author_name: Chieh Han
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Eve E Wool
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Jiawei He
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Austin Carter
raw_affiliation_strings: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
raw_author_name: Ahmed A.J. Jabbar
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
raw_author_name: Mohammad Amin Aalipour
raw_affiliation_strings: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raw_author_name: Hasan Aalruz
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
raw_author_name: Zahra Abbasi Dolatabadi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Medical-surgical Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raw_author_name: Hedayat Abbastabar
raw_affiliation_strings: Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raw_author_name: Samar Abd ElHafeez
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
raw_author_name: Ashraf Nabiel Abdalla
raw_affiliation_strings: College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
raw_author_name: Mohammed Altigani Abdalla
raw_affiliation_strings: Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
raw_author_name: Abdullah
raw_affiliation_strings: Medicine Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
raw_author_name: Emad M. Abdallah
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
raw_author_name: Nadin M.I. Abdel Razeq
raw_affiliation_strings: School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
raw_author_name: Atef Abdelkader
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
raw_author_name: Sherief Abd-Elsalam
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
raw_author_name: Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab
raw_affiliation_strings: Health Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
raw_author_name: Meriem Abdoun
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Health, University of Setif Algeria, Sétif, Algeria
Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Sétif, Algeria
raw_author_name: Arman Abdous
raw_affiliation_strings: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
raw_author_name: Mostafa M. Abdrabou
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
raw_author_name: Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz
raw_affiliation_strings: Baxshin Hospital, Baxshin Research Center, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
raw_author_name: Deldar Morad Abdulah
raw_affiliation_strings: Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
raw_author_name: Auwal Abdullahi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Toufik Abdul-Rahman
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine
raw_author_name: Kulmira Abdykerimova
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of General Surgery and Clinical Anatomy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
raw_author_name: Habtamu Abebe Getahun
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
raw_author_name: Armita Abedi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
raw_author_name: Asrat Agalu Abejew
raw_affiliation_strings: School of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
raw_author_name: Syed Hani Abidi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
raw_author_name: Olifan Zewdie Abil
raw_affiliation_strings: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
raw_author_name: Olumide Abiodun
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Richard Gyan Aboagye
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
raw_author_name: Hassan Abolhassani
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raw_author_name: Ulric Sena Abonie
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
raw_author_name: Abdullahi Tunde Aborode
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Nagah M. Abourashed
raw_affiliation_strings: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
raw_author_name: Dariush Abtahi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raw_author_name: Zhanar Abu
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
raw_author_name: Rana Kamal Abu Farha
raw_affiliation_strings: Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
raw_author_name: Fuad Hamdi A. Abuadas
raw_affiliation_strings: Community Health Nursing Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
raw_author_name: Aminu Kende Abubakar
raw_affiliation_strings: Division of Population Data Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
raw_author_name: Usman Abubakar
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
raw_author_name: Nermeen Abu-Elala
raw_affiliation_strings: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Rus Sudr, Egypt
raw_author_name: Eman Abu-Gharbieh
raw_affiliation_strings: Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
raw_author_name: Ahmad Y Abuhelwa
raw_affiliation_strings: Department Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
raw_author_name: Hana J Abukhadijah
raw_affiliation_strings: Clinical Trials Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Genomics and Precision Medicine Program, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
raw_author_name: Dina Abushanab
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
raw_author_name: Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
raw_author_name: Krishna Prasad Acharya
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Government of Nepal (GoN), Lalitpur, Nepal
raw_author_name: Swetha Acharya
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
raw_author_name: Meshack Achore
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
raw_author_name: Ousman Adal
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
raw_author_name: Lisa C Adams
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
raw_author_name: Isaac Yeboah Addo
raw_affiliation_strings: Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
raw_author_name: Tajudeen Adesanmi Adebisi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, Nigeria
NMC Healthcare, Independent Consultant, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
raw_author_name: David Adedia
raw_affiliation_strings: School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
raw_author_name: Kamoru Ademola Adedokun
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
Graduate Program Division, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
raw_author_name: Nurudeen A Adegoke
raw_affiliation_strings: Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Translational Research Team, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
raw_author_name: Victor Adekanmbi
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
raw_author_name: Olumide Thomas Adeleke
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Miracle Ayomikun Adesina
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Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
raw_author_name: Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Idowu Peter Adewumi
raw_affiliation_strings: University of Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
raw_author_name: Mache Tsadik Adhana
raw_affiliation_strings: School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
raw_author_name: Ripon Kumar Adhikary
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
raw_author_name: Atman Adiba
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raw_author_name: Usha Adiga
raw_affiliation_strings: Apollo Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research Chittoor, Apollo Hospital, Chittoor, India
raw_author_name: Mohd Adnan
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
raw_author_name: Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
raw_author_name: Giuseppina Affinito
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raw_author_name: Saira Afzal
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Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
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raw_author_name: Percival Delali Agordoh
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raw_author_name: Anurag Agrawal
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raw_author_name: Williams Agyemang-Duah
raw_affiliation_strings: Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
raw_author_name: Mahsa Ahadi
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raw_author_name: Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
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raw_author_name: Adamu Adamu Ahmad
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Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mawz, Oman
raw_author_name: Aqeel Ahmad
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Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mawz, Oman
raw_author_name: Danish Ahmad
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School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
raw_author_name: Faisal Ahmad
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World Health Organization, World Health Organisation, Islamabad, Pakistan
raw_author_name: Ijaz Ahmad
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raw_author_name: Khurshid Ahmad
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raw_author_name: Muayyad M Ahmad
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raw_author_name: Rabbiya Ahmad
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Department of Pharmacy Practice, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda