The modulation effect of pi‒pi interactions on the electronic and photochromic properties of viologen complexes containing N,N′-bis(carboxyethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium
Zhao, Guozheng; Liu, Jinjian; RSC Advances 11 (2021) 24500–24507; doi:10.1039/D1RA02469H

data_7243233
_publ_section_title
;
 The modulation effect of pi--pi interactions on the electronic and
 photochromic properties of viologen complexes containing
 N,N&#x2032;-bis(carboxyethyl)-4,4&#x2032;-bipyridinium
;
_journal_issue                   40
_journal_name_full               'RSC Advances'
_journal_page_first              24500
_journal_page_last               24507
_journal_paper_doi               10.1039/D1RA02469H
_journal_volume                  11
_journal_year                    2021
_chemical_formula_moiety         'H12 O6 Zn, C14 H12 N2 O4, C8 H4 O4, 3(H2 O)'
_chemical_formula_sum            'C22 H34 N2 O17 Zn'
_chemical_formula_weight         663.88
_space_group_crystal_system      triclinic
_space_group_IT_number           2
_space_group_name_Hall           '-P 1'
_space_group_name_H-M_alt        'P -1'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens   mixed
_atom_sites_solution_primary     iterative
_audit_creation_date             2019-04-22
_audit_creation_method
;
Olex2 1.2
(compiled 2018.05.29 svn.r3508 for OlexSys, GUI svn.r5506)
;
_audit_update_record
;
2019-04-22 deposited with the CCDC.	2021-06-28 downloaded from the CCDC.
;
_cell_angle_alpha                99.701(4)
_cell_angle_beta                 105.305(4)
_cell_angle_gamma                99.451(4)
_cell_formula_units_Z            2
_cell_length_a                   7.6374(3)
_cell_length_b                   14.0781(7)
_cell_length_c                   14.1339(8)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used    4895
_cell_measurement_temperature    273(2)
_cell_measurement_theta_max      72.2390
_cell_measurement_theta_min      7.1740
_cell_volume                     1409.59(13)
_computing_cell_refinement       'CrysAlisPro 1.171.39.27b (Rigaku OD, 2015)'
_computing_data_collection       'CrysAlisPro 1.171.39.27b (Rigaku OD, 2015)'
_computing_data_reduction        'CrysAlisPro 1.171.39.27b (Rigaku OD, 2015)'
_computing_molecular_graphics    'Olex2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_publication_material  'Olex2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_structure_refinement  'ShelXL (Sheldrick, 2015)'
_computing_structure_solution
;
Superflip (Palatinus & Chapuis, 2007;Palatinus & van der Lee, 2008;
Palatinus et al., 2012)
;
_diffrn_ambient_temperature      273(2)
_diffrn_detector                 'CCD plate'
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean 16.0710
_diffrn_detector_type            Eos
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 0.998
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 0.973
_diffrn_measurement_details
;
List of Runs (angles in degrees, time in seconds):

  # Type    Start    End  Width  t~exp~   \w     \q     \k     \f   Frames
  1  \w    -26.00  21.00   1.00    1.00    --    0.00  77.00 120.00   47
  2  \w     44.00  69.00   1.00    1.00    --    0.00  57.00-120.00   25
  3  \w    -12.00  26.00   1.00    1.00    --    0.00  57.00-120.00   38
  4  \w     33.00  67.00   1.00    1.00    --    0.00  77.00 120.00   34
  5  \w    -77.00 -51.00   1.00    1.00    --    0.00 178.00-120.00   26
  6  \w     25.00 118.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26  77.00 -60.00   93
  7  \w     13.00  70.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26 -57.00  60.00   57
  8  \w     68.00 115.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26  57.00 -90.00   47
  9  \w    -17.00  74.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26 -38.00 150.00   91
 10  \w      7.00  71.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26 -57.00 -30.00   64
 11  \w     47.00 110.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26-125.00-120.00   63
 12  \w      8.00  70.00   1.00    1.00    --   55.26 -19.00 -30.00   62
 13  \w     68.00 107.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51-111.00 -90.00   39
 14  \w     39.00  64.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51-111.00-150.00   25
 15  \w     45.00 133.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -38.00-120.00   88
 16  \w     64.00 132.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -50.00 -60.00   68
 17  \w    104.00 150.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 178.00-120.00   46
 18  \w     90.00 170.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51  50.00-180.00   80
 19  \w     91.00 140.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51  64.00 -90.00   49
 20  \w     42.00 130.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -92.00 -30.00   88
 21  \w     49.00  79.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -77.00-180.00   30
 22  \w    108.00 134.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -77.00-180.00   26
 23  \w     80.00 178.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51  25.00-120.00   98
 24  \w     86.00 159.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51  25.00 150.00   73
 25  \w     57.00 127.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -50.00  30.00   70
 26  \w     73.00 104.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51-111.00-150.00   31
 27  \w     42.00  93.00   1.00    5.00    --  110.51 -50.00-180.00   51
;
_diffrn_measurement_device       'four-circle diffractometer'
_diffrn_measurement_device_type  'Xcalibur, Eos, Gemini'
_diffrn_measurement_method       '\w scans'
_diffrn_orient_matrix_type
'CrysAlisPro convention (1999,Acta A55,543-557)'
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_11      -0.0114391000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_12      -0.0478343000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_13      0.0891441000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_21      -0.1022113000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_22      -0.0992694000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_23      -0.0739329000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_31      0.1880729000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_32      -0.0283914000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_33      0.0048665000
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator  graphite
_diffrn_radiation_probe          x-ray
_diffrn_radiation_type           CuK\a
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength     1.54184
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents  0.0262
_diffrn_reflns_av_unetI/netI     0.0344
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full 0.998
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_max 0.973
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max       9
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min       -7
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max       13
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min       -17
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max       17
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min       -17
_diffrn_reflns_number            9194
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_full 0.998
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_max 0.973
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full        67.684
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max         72.340
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min         4.110
_diffrn_source                   'fine-focus sealed X-ray tube'
_diffrn_source_type              'Enhance (Cu) X-ray Source'
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu    1.959
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max  1.00000
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min  0.44451
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type   multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details
;
CrysAlisPro 1.171.39.27b (Rigaku Oxford Diffraction, 2015)
Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics,
 implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm.
;
_exptl_crystal_colour            yellow
_exptl_crystal_colour_primary    yellow
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn    1.564
_exptl_crystal_description       block
_exptl_crystal_F_000             692
_exptl_crystal_size_max          0.4
_exptl_crystal_size_mid          0.2
_exptl_crystal_size_min          0.2
_refine_diff_density_max         0.919
_refine_diff_density_min         -1.015
_refine_diff_density_rms         0.148
_refine_ls_extinction_method     none
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref   1.070
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment    constr
_refine_ls_matrix_type           full
_refine_ls_number_parameters     394
_refine_ls_number_reflns         5434
_refine_ls_number_restraints     0
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all      1.070
_refine_ls_R_factor_all          0.0527
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt           0.0498
_refine_ls_shift/su_max          0.001
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean         0.000
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0866P)^2^+0.5403P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme      calc
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt          0.1317
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref         0.1347
_reflns_Friedel_coverage         0.000
_reflns_number_gt                5028
_reflns_number_total             5434
_reflns_threshold_expression     'I > 2\s(I)'
_cod_data_source_file            d1ra02469h2.cif
_cod_data_source_block           liujj0421f
_cod_original_cell_volume        1409.58(12)
_cod_database_code               7243233
_shelx_shelxl_version_number     2014/7
_chemical_oxdiff_formula         'C H O N Br Zn'
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_t_max   0.695
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_t_min   0.508
_reflns_odcompleteness_completeness 99.88
_reflns_odcompleteness_iscentric 1
_reflns_odcompleteness_theta     66.97
_olex2_refinement_description
;
1. Fixed Uiso
 At 1.2 times of:
  All C(H) groups, All C(H,H) groups
 At 1.5 times of:
  All O(H,H) groups
2.a Free rotating group:
 O15(H15A,H15B), O17(H17A,H17B), O16(H16A,H16B)
2.b Rotating group:
 O7(H7A,H7B), O5(H5A,H5B), O8(H8A,H8B), O10(H10A,H10B), O9(H9A,H9B), O6(H6A,H6B)
2.c Secondary CH2 refined with riding coordinates:
 C2(H2A,H2B), C13(H13A,H13B)
2.d Aromatic/amide H refined with riding coordinates:
 C3(H3), C6(H6), C19(H19), C20(H20), C18(H18), C17(H17), C9(H9), C11(H11),
 C5(H5), C10(H10), C4(H4), C12(H12)
;
_shelx_res_checksum              67958
_olex2_submission_special_instructions 'No special instructions were received'
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_details
;
Empirical correction (ABSPACK) includes:
- Absorption correction using spherical harmonics
- Frame scaling
;
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_full_max 1.763
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_full_min 0.611