Planarisation or a twist? Using steric engineering to unlock the origin of mechanofluorochromic red-shifts.
McDonald, Peter W.; Goerigk, Lars; Ritchie, Chris; Chemical science 16 (2025) 15320–15332; doi:10.1039/d5sc04257g

data_1575183
_publ_section_title
;
 Planarisation or a twist? Using steric engineering to unlock the origin
 of mechanofluorochromic red-shifts.
;
_journal_issue                   34
_journal_name_full               'Chemical science'
_journal_page_first              15320
_journal_page_last               15332
_journal_paper_doi               10.1039/d5sc04257g
_journal_volume                  16
_journal_year                    2025
_chemical_formula_moiety         'C24 H18 F4 N2 O2'
_chemical_formula_sum            'C24 H18 F4 N2 O2'
_chemical_formula_weight         442.40
_chemical_name_systematic
2-(4-(diphenylamino)-3,5-dimethylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-3-oxocyclopent-1-en-1-olate
_space_group_crystal_system      monoclinic
_space_group_IT_number           14
_space_group_name_Hall           '-P 2ybc'
_space_group_name_H-M_alt        'P 1 21/c 1'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens   geom
_atom_sites_solution_primary     dual
_audit_creation_date             2025-05-25
_audit_creation_method
;
Olex2 1.5
(compiled 2025.04.05 svn.rf049d14d for OlexSys, GUI svn.r7224)
;
_audit_update_record
;
2025-06-06 deposited with the CCDC.	2025-07-18 downloaded from the CCDC.
;
_cell_angle_alpha                90
_cell_angle_beta                 95.4390(10)
_cell_angle_gamma                90
_cell_formula_units_Z            4
_cell_length_a                   11.60080(10)
_cell_length_b                   17.7066(2)
_cell_length_c                   9.86380(10)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used    12814
_cell_measurement_temperature    123.03(10)
_cell_measurement_theta_max      79.4180
_cell_measurement_theta_min      3.8010
_cell_volume                     2017.01(4)
_computing_cell_refinement       'CrysAlisPro 1.171.42.70a (Rigaku OD, 2022)'
_computing_data_collection       'CrysAlisPro 1.171.42.70a (Rigaku OD, 2022)'
_computing_data_reduction        'CrysAlisPro 1.171.42.70a (Rigaku OD, 2022)'
_computing_molecular_graphics    'Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_publication_material  'Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_structure_refinement  'SHELXL 2019/3 (Sheldrick, 2015)'
_computing_structure_solution    'SHELXT  (Sheldrick, 2015)'
_diffrn_ambient_environment      N~2~
_diffrn_ambient_temperature      123.03(10)
_diffrn_detector                 'Hybrid Pixel Array Detector'
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean 10.0000
_diffrn_detector_type            HyPix
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 1.000
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 0.981
_diffrn_measurement_details
;
List of Runs (angles in degrees, time in seconds):

  # Type    Start    End  Width  t~exp~   \w     \q     \k     \f   Frames
  1  \w    -80.00 -18.00   0.50    1.00    --  -90.00  93.00  70.00  124
  2  \w    -68.00 -17.00   0.50    1.00    --  -90.00  30.00 -60.00  102
  3  \w    -77.00  21.00   0.50    0.22    --  -50.51  93.00  70.00  196
  4  \w    -99.00 -44.00   0.50    0.22    --  -50.51   0.00  90.00  110
  5  \w   -161.00 -83.00   0.50    1.00    --  -90.00 -93.00 -41.00  156
  6  \w   -119.00 -73.00   0.50    0.22    --  -50.51-125.00-150.00   92
  7  \w   -119.00 -73.00   0.50    0.22    --  -50.51-125.00  30.00   92
  8  \w   -119.00 -73.00   0.50    0.22    --  -50.51-125.00 120.00   92
  9  \w     43.00  82.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -77.00   0.00   78
 10  \w     43.00  71.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -45.00  90.00   56
 11  \w     99.00 128.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -77.00   0.00   58
 12  \w     44.00  76.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -45.00 -90.00   64
 13  \w     41.00  66.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -45.00-150.00   50
 14  \w     46.00  76.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -45.00-120.00   60
 15  \w     41.00  74.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -45.00 -60.00   66
 16  \w     40.00  66.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00-150.00   52
 17  \w     40.00  65.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00-180.00   50
 18  \w     40.00  66.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00  30.00   52
 19  \w     40.00  66.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00   0.00   52
 20  \w     40.00  65.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00 -60.00   50
 21  \w     40.00  65.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00 -30.00   50
 22  \w     40.00  66.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -30.00 120.00   52
 23  \w     63.00 118.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50   0.00  60.00  110
 24  \w    106.00 152.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50  93.00  70.00   92
 25  \w    138.00 167.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50  45.00-150.00   58
 26  \w    104.00 129.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50  45.00-150.00   50
 27  \w     63.00 115.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50   0.00 -90.00  104
 28  \w     41.00 106.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -93.00 -41.00  130
 29  \w     41.00 106.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -94.00  30.00  130
 30  \w     41.00 101.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -94.00 120.00  120
 31  \w    -13.00  78.00   0.50    0.22    --   50.51 -93.00 -41.00  182
 32  \w     34.00  93.00   0.50    0.22    --   50.51-125.00-150.00  118
 33  \w     41.00  82.00   0.50    1.00    --  111.50 -94.00-180.00   82
;
_diffrn_measurement_device       'four-circle diffractometer'
_diffrn_measurement_device_type  'XtaLAB Synergy, Dualflex, HyPix'
_diffrn_measurement_method       '\w scans'
_diffrn_orient_matrix_type
'CrysAlisPro convention (1999,Acta A55,543-557)'
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_11      0.0301859000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_12      0.0777257000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_13      0.0639237000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_21      -0.1298093000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_22      0.0195101000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_23      -0.0066273000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_31      -0.0056468000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_32      -0.0338424000
_diffrn_orient_matrix_UB_33      0.1431584000
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator  mirror
_diffrn_radiation_probe          x-ray
_diffrn_radiation_type           'Cu K\a'
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength     1.54184
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents  0.0416
_diffrn_reflns_av_unetI/netI     0.0304
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_max 0.981
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max       14
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min       -14
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max       22
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min       -22
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max       12
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min       -8
_diffrn_reflns_number            21537
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_full 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_max 0.981
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full        67.684
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max         80.304
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min         3.828
_diffrn_source                   'micro-focus sealed X-ray tube'
_diffrn_source_type              'PhotonJet (Cu) X-ray Source'
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu    1.014
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max  1.00000
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min  0.58185
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type   multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details
;
CrysAlisPro 1.171.42.70a (Rigaku Oxford Diffraction, 2022)
Empirical absorption correction using spherical harmonics,
implemented in SCALE3 ABSPACK scaling algorithm.
;
_exptl_crystal_colour            'clear yellowish yellow'
_exptl_crystal_colour_lustre     clear
_exptl_crystal_colour_modifier   yellowish
_exptl_crystal_colour_primary    yellow
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn    1.457
_exptl_crystal_description       irregular
_exptl_crystal_F_000             912
_exptl_crystal_preparation       oil
_exptl_crystal_recrystallization_method dichloromethane/methanol
_exptl_crystal_size_max          0.1
_exptl_crystal_size_mid          0.07
_exptl_crystal_size_min          0.05
_refine_diff_density_max         0.472
_refine_diff_density_min         -0.409
_refine_diff_density_rms         0.050
_refine_ls_extinction_coef       0.0005(2)
_refine_ls_extinction_expression Fc^*^=kFc[1+0.001xFc^2^\l^3^/sin(2\q)]^-1/4^
_refine_ls_extinction_method     'SHELXL-2019/2 (Sheldrick 2019)'
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref   1.035
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment    constr
_refine_ls_matrix_type           full
_refine_ls_number_parameters     292
_refine_ls_number_reflns         4328
_refine_ls_number_restraints     0
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all      1.035
_refine_ls_R_factor_all          0.0525
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt           0.0468
_refine_ls_shift/su_max          0.000
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean         0.000
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0588P)^2^+1.3116P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme      calc
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt          0.1255
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref         0.1300
_reflns_Friedel_coverage         0.000
_reflns_number_gt                3817
_reflns_number_total             4328
_reflns_threshold_expression     'I > 2\s(I)'
_cod_data_source_file            d5sc04257g2.cif
_cod_data_source_block           pm3_24_dcm_meoh_a_pre_auto
_cod_depositor_comments
'Adding full bibliography for 1575172--1575185.cif.'
_cod_database_code               1575183
_shelx_shelxl_version_number     2019/3
_chemical_oxdiff_formula         C22H18F4N2O2
_chemical_oxdiff_usercomment     'yellow block'
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_t_max   0.951
_shelx_estimated_absorpt_t_min   0.905
_diffrn_oxdiff_digest_hkl
;
0144f0ceb5f062c3a7924ac4c2c707b91378a6
;
_olex2_refinement_description
;
1. Fixed Uiso
 At 1.2 times of:
  All C(H) groups
 At 1.5 times of:
  All C(H,H,H) groups
2.a Aromatic/amide H refined with riding coordinates:
 C16(H16), C8(H8), C15(H15), C12(H12), C2(H2), C4(H4), C9(H9), C1(H1),
 C11(H11), C5(H5), C6(H6), C10(H10)
2.b Idealised Me refined as rotating group:
 C19(H19A,H19B,H19C), C18(H18A,H18B,H18C)
;
_shelx_res_checksum              48609
_olex2_exptl_crystal_mounting_method oil
_olex2_submission_original_sample_id '5a 123 K'
_olex2_submission_special_instructions 'No special instructions were received'
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_details
;
Empirical correction (ABSPACK) includes:
- Absorption correction using spherical harmonics
- Frame scaling
;
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_full_max 1.692
_oxdiff_exptl_absorpt_empirical_full_min 0.736