Adding a Pinch of Salt: Using Ionic Mixed-Crystal Seeds to Search for New Solid Forms
Abdel Rahman Al Ahmad; Thierry Maris; Christian Pellerin; James D. Wuest; Crystal Growth & Design 23 (2023) 7472–7481; doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00884

data_4519451
_publ_section_title
;
 Adding a Pinch of Salt: Using Ionic Mixed-Crystal Seeds to Search for New
 Solid Forms
;
_journal_name_full               'Crystal Growth & Design'
_journal_page_first              7472
_journal_page_last               7481
_journal_paper_doi               10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00884
_journal_volume                  23
_journal_year                    2023
_chemical_formula_moiety         '2(Cl), 3(H2 O), C12 H14 N2'
_chemical_formula_sum            'C12 H20 Cl2 N2 O3'
_chemical_formula_weight         311.20
_chemical_name_common            'Paraquat Dichloride Trihydrate'
_chemical_name_systematic
;
1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridin-1-ium bis(chloride) trihydrate
;
_space_group_crystal_system      monoclinic
_space_group_IT_number           14
_space_group_name_Hall           '-P 2ybc'
_space_group_name_H-M_alt        'P 1 21/c 1'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens   difmap
_atom_sites_solution_primary     dual
_cell_angle_alpha                90
_cell_angle_beta                 108.852(1)
_cell_angle_gamma                90
_cell_formula_units_Z            4
_cell_length_a                   9.0643(2)
_cell_length_b                   16.0149(3)
_cell_length_c                   11.2228(2)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used    9993
_cell_measurement_temperature    150
_cell_measurement_theta_max      60.648
_cell_measurement_theta_min      4.347
_cell_volume                     1541.75(5)
_computing_cell_refinement
;
SAINT (2013) V8.40B; Integration Software for Single Crystal Data.
Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI 53719-1173.
;
_computing_data_collection
;
APEX 3 (2019) Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI 53719-1173.
;
_computing_data_reduction
;
SAINT (2013) V8.40B; Integration Software for Single Crystal Data.
Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, WI 53719-1173.
;
_computing_molecular_graphics    'Olex2 1.3 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_publication_material  'Olex2 1.3 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_structure_refinement  'XL  (Sheldrick, 2008)'
_computing_structure_solution    'SHELXT 2018/2 (Sheldrick, 2018)'
_diffrn_ambient_temperature      150
_diffrn_detector                 'CMOS Area detector'
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean 10.42
_diffrn_detector_type            'Bruker CMOS Photon III '
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 0.984
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 0.987
_diffrn_measurement_device       'k-geometry diffractometer'
_diffrn_measurement_device_type  'Bruker Venture Metaljet'
_diffrn_measurement_method       '\w and \f scans'
_diffrn_radiation_collimation    'Focusing mirrors'
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator  'Helios MX Mirror Optics'
_diffrn_radiation_probe          x-ray
_diffrn_radiation_type           'Ga K\a'
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength     1.34139
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents  0.0311
_diffrn_reflns_av_unetI/netI     0.0228
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full 0.984
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_max 0.987
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max       11
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min       -11
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max       16
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min       -20
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max       14
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min       -14
_diffrn_reflns_number            25232
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_full 0.984
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_max 0.987
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full        53.594
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max         60.618
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min         4.346
_diffrn_source                   'Metal Jet'
_diffrn_source_current           2.86
_diffrn_source_power             0.199914
_diffrn_source_target            Ga
_diffrn_source_type              'Gallium Liquid Metal Jet Source'
_diffrn_source_voltage           69.9
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu    2.548
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max  0.4146
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min  0.3168
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type   multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details
;
SADABS-2016/2 (Bruker,2016/2) was used for absorption correction.
wR2(int) was 0.1188 before and 0.0487 after correction.
The Ratio of minimum to maximum transmission is 0.7641.
The \l/2 correction factor is Not present.
;
_exptl_crystal_colour            'clear light colourless'
_exptl_crystal_colour_lustre     clear
_exptl_crystal_colour_modifier   light
_exptl_crystal_colour_primary    colourless
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn    1.341
_exptl_crystal_description       Block
_exptl_crystal_F_000             656
_exptl_crystal_recrystallization_method
'crystallzed from DMSO/H2O on a microscope slide'
_exptl_crystal_size_max          0.24
_exptl_crystal_size_mid          0.1
_exptl_crystal_size_min          0.08
_refine_diff_density_max         0.369
_refine_diff_density_min         -0.245
_refine_diff_density_rms         0.042
_refine_ls_extinction_coef       .
_refine_ls_extinction_method     none
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref   1.081
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment    refall
_refine_ls_matrix_type           full
_refine_ls_number_parameters     255
_refine_ls_number_reflns         3503
_refine_ls_number_restraints     43
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all      1.075
_refine_ls_R_factor_all          0.0262
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt           0.0259
_refine_ls_shift/su_max          0.002
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean         0.000
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0427P)^2^+0.2832P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme      calc
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt          0.0748
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref         0.0751
_reflns_Friedel_coverage         0.000
_reflns_Friedel_fraction_full    .
_reflns_Friedel_fraction_max     .
_reflns_number_gt                3417
_reflns_number_total             3503
_reflns_threshold_expression     'I > 2\s(I)'
_cod_data_source_file            S05_Pq-Cl2_3H2O_P21_c.cif
_cod_data_source_block           jw22641
_cod_database_code               4519451
_cod_database_fobs_code 4519451