Synthesis of carbazoles <i>via</i> aryl C-H activation triggered by surfactant-associated palladium nanoparticles under microwave-assisted heating.
Alam, Safiul; Khan, Aminur; Mallick, Asifur Rahaman; Islam, Md Samiul; Sarkar, Abhimanyu; Show, Bibhutibhushan; Ahmed, Jakir; Kumar, Amit; Maruani, Antoine; Dhimane, Hamid; Organic & biomolecular chemistry 24 (2026) 1279–1294; doi:10.1039/d5ob01749a

data_7160967
_publ_section_title
;
 Synthesis of carbazoles <i>via</i> aryl C-H activation triggered by
 surfactant-associated palladium nanoparticles under microwave-assisted
 heating.
;
_journal_issue                   6
_journal_name_full               'Organic &amp; biomolecular chemistry'
_journal_page_first              1279
_journal_page_last               1294
_journal_paper_doi               10.1039/d5ob01749a
_journal_volume                  24
_journal_year                    2026
_chemical_formula_moiety         '0.5(Br4 Pd0.999), C19 H42 N'
_chemical_formula_sum            'C19 H42 Br2 N Pd0.5'
_chemical_formula_weight         497.55
_chemical_name_systematic        SB_JA_61
_space_group_crystal_system      triclinic
_space_group_IT_number           2
_space_group_name_Hall           '-P 1'
_space_group_name_H-M_alt        'P -1'
_atom_sites_solution_hydrogens   geom
_audit_creation_date             2025-10-13
_audit_creation_method
;
Olex2 1.5
(compiled 2023.03.06 svn.rbb2c1857 for OlexSys, GUI svn.r6748)
;
_audit_update_record
;
2025-10-13 deposited with the CCDC.	2025-12-23 downloaded from the CCDC.
;
_cell_angle_alpha                84.934(4)
_cell_angle_beta                 82.326(4)
_cell_angle_gamma                88.275(4)
_cell_formula_units_Z            4
_cell_length_a                   8.8718(10)
_cell_length_b                   13.5374(15)
_cell_length_c                   19.143(2)
_cell_measurement_reflns_used    9907
_cell_measurement_temperature    101.00
_cell_measurement_theta_max      29.113
_cell_measurement_theta_min      2.680
_cell_volume                     2269.2(4)
_computing_cell_refinement       'SAINT V8.40B (?, 2016)'
_computing_data_reduction        'SAINT V8.40B (?, 2016)'
_computing_molecular_graphics    'Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_publication_material  'Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009)'
_computing_structure_refinement  'SHELXL 2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015)'
_computing_structure_solution    'SHELXT 2018/2 (Sheldrick, 2018)'
_diffrn_ambient_temperature      101.00
_diffrn_detector                 'Bruker APEX2 area detector'
_diffrn_detector_area_resol_mean 7.9
_diffrn_detector_type            'CCD area detector'
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_full 1.000
_diffrn_measured_fraction_theta_max 1.000
_diffrn_measurement_device       'three-circle diffractometer'
_diffrn_measurement_device_type  'Bruker SMART APEX2 area detector'
_diffrn_measurement_method       '\w and \f scans'
_diffrn_radiation_monochromator  'mirror optics'
_diffrn_radiation_probe          x-ray
_diffrn_radiation_type           MoK\a
_diffrn_radiation_wavelength     0.71073
_diffrn_reflns_av_R_equivalents  0.0711
_diffrn_reflns_av_unetI/netI     0.0492
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_full 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_Laue_measured_fraction_max 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_max       10
_diffrn_reflns_limit_h_min       -10
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_max       16
_diffrn_reflns_limit_k_min       -16
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_max       22
_diffrn_reflns_limit_l_min       -22
_diffrn_reflns_number            57238
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_full 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_point_group_measured_fraction_max 1.000
_diffrn_reflns_theta_full        25.023
_diffrn_reflns_theta_max         25.023
_diffrn_reflns_theta_min         1.929
_diffrn_source                   'microfocus sealed X-ray tube'
_diffrn_source_type              'Incoatec I\ms'
_exptl_absorpt_coefficient_mu    3.956
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_max  0.7459
_exptl_absorpt_correction_T_min  0.5311
_exptl_absorpt_correction_type   multi-scan
_exptl_absorpt_process_details
;
SADABS-2016/2 (Bruker,2016/2) was used for absorption correction.
wR2(int) was 0.0906 before and 0.0698 after correction.
The Ratio of minimum to maximum transmission is 0.7120.
The \l/2 correction factor is Not present.
;
_exptl_crystal_colour            'clear yellowish colourless'
_exptl_crystal_colour_lustre     clear
_exptl_crystal_colour_modifier   yellowish
_exptl_crystal_colour_primary    colourless
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn    1.456
_exptl_crystal_description       plate
_exptl_crystal_F_000             1024
_exptl_crystal_preparation       'Dissolved in DCM'
_exptl_crystal_recrystallization_method 'Slow evaporation'
_exptl_crystal_size_max          0.8
_exptl_crystal_size_mid          0.5
_exptl_crystal_size_min          0.1
_refine_diff_density_max         2.153
_refine_diff_density_min         -1.165
_refine_diff_density_rms         0.132
_refine_ls_extinction_method     none
_refine_ls_goodness_of_fit_ref   1.023
_refine_ls_hydrogen_treatment    constr
_refine_ls_matrix_type           full
_refine_ls_number_parameters     418
_refine_ls_number_reflns         8014
_refine_ls_number_restraints     302
_refine_ls_restrained_S_all      1.025
_refine_ls_R_factor_all          0.0689
_refine_ls_R_factor_gt           0.0484
_refine_ls_shift/su_max          0.001
_refine_ls_shift/su_mean         0.000
_refine_ls_structure_factor_coef Fsqd
_refine_ls_weighting_details
'w=1/[\s^2^(Fo^2^)+(0.0484P)^2^+15.4257P] where P=(Fo^2^+2Fc^2^)/3'
_refine_ls_weighting_scheme      calc
_refine_ls_wR_factor_gt          0.1196
_refine_ls_wR_factor_ref         0.1357
_reflns_Friedel_coverage         0.000
_reflns_number_gt                6241
_reflns_number_total             8014
_reflns_threshold_expression     'I > 2\s(I)'
_cod_data_source_file            d5ob01749a2.cif
_cod_data_source_block           sb_ja_61
_cod_original_formula_sum        'C19 H42 Br2 N Pd0.50'
_cod_database_code               7160967
_shelx_shelxl_version_number     2018/3
_olex2_refinement_description
;
1. Fixed Uiso
 At 1.2 times of:
  All C(H,H) groups
 At 1.5 times of:
  All C(H,H,H) groups
2. Uiso/Uaniso restraints and constraints
C014 \\sim C015 \\sim C016 \\sim C017 \\sim C018: within 2A with sigma of 0.02
and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.05 within 2A
Uanis(C016) \\sim Ueq: with sigma of 0.01 and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.02
Uanis(C018) \\sim Ueq: with sigma of 0.01 and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.02
Uanis(C019) \\sim Ueq: with sigma of 0.01 and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.02
Uanis(C017) \\sim Ueq: with sigma of 0.02 and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.04
Uanis(C01A) \\sim Ueq: with sigma of 0.01 and sigma for terminal atoms of 0.02
3. Rigid body (RIGU) restrains
 All non-hydrogen atoms
 with sigma for 1-2 distances of 0.004 and sigma for 1-3 distances of 0.004
4.a Secondary CH2 refined with riding coordinates:
 C009(H00A,H00B), C00B(H00F,H00G), C00C(H00H,H00I), C00E(H00M,H00N), C00F(H00O,
 H00P), C00H(H00T,H00U), C00I(H00V,H00W), C00J(H00X,H00Y), C00L(H00Z,HB),
 C00M(H00,HC), C00N(H1,HD), C00O(H2,HE), C00P(H3,HF), C00R(H4,HI), C00T(H10,HL),
  C00U(H5,HM), C00V(H11,HN), C00W(H12,HO), C00Y(H13,HR), C00Z(H14,HS),
 C010(H01A,H01B), C011(H01C,H01D), C012(H01E,H01F), C013(H01G,H01H), C014(H01I,
 H01J), C015(H01K,H01L), C016(H01M,H01N), C017(H01O,H01P), C018(H01Q,H01R),
 C019(H01S,H01T)
4.b Idealised Me refined as rotating group:
 C00A(H00C,H00D,H00E), C00D(H00J,H00K,H00L), C00G(H00Q,H00R,H00S), C00K(H7,H,
 HA), C00Q(H8,HG,HH), C00S(H9,HJ,HK), C00X(H6,HP,HQ), C01A(H01U,H01V,H01W)
;
_shelx_res_checksum              66030
_olex2_exptl_crystal_mounting_method 'Standard Crystal mounting'
_olex2_submission_special_instructions 'No special instructions were received'