Bank of England: What does the governor do?
20 December 2019
The 121st governor of the Bank of England has been named as Andrew Bailey. It's a job that can affect the everyday finances of people across the UK. So what does it involve? The Bank of England is the UK's central bank. Unlike High Street banks, a central bank does not hold accounts or issue loans to the public. Its main job is to manage the overall state of the economy, and the stability of the financial system. A central bank can also be a lender to other banks. In the UK, the central bank acts as the government's bank and a lender of last resort in times of financial difficulty. For example, in 2007 it loaned PS27bn to Northern Rock, before the government took control during the financial crisis. It also produces banknotes and stores the UK's gold reserves, (400,000 bars worth more than PS200bn), as well as those of other central banks. The Bank of England was founded as a private bank in 1694, mainly to fund a war against France. It had 17 clerks and two doormen. Today it employs more than 4,000 people. The Bank was privately owned until after World War Two, when it was nationalised. The current governor is Mark Carney. His term was officially due to end on 31 January, but he has now agreed to extend it until 15 March to allow for what chancellor Sajid Javid described as an "orderly handover". Mr Carney has been in the role since 2013. Officially the post is to last for eight years, but Mr Carney agreed to a five-year term with the option of three more. He agreed to extend his term twice, staying on longer in the post because of the delays to Brexit. Mr Bailey will take over on 16 March and will serve a full eight-year term. The governor is responsible for overseeing the Bank's three main responsibilities: - Inflation: The Bank tries to keep the cost of living stable. To do this it sets interest rates each month, to make sure prices rise at its own target of 2% a year - Financial system: This connects people who want to save, invest or borrow money. The Bank monitors risks in the system and acts to reduce them, like loaning to banks if they need it. It shares responsibility for this with the Treasury and the regulatory body, the Financial Conduct Authority - Individual banks: It ensures individual banks, building societies and insurers are run well The governor also chairs important committees in the Bank that work towards its targets: the Monetary Policy Committee; Financial Policy Committee; and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Mr Bailey will also represent the UK in meetings of international organisations like the G7 and the International Monetary Fund. The job advert for the role of governor was first put up in 2019, by then Chancellor Philip Hammond. The Treasury plays an important part in appointing to the role, and hired a recruitment firm that specialises in placing women in top jobs. However, Mr Bailey's appointment means hopes that the Bank could have been led by a female governor for the  first time in its history have been dashed. The job description said that the successful candidate should have led a large financial organisation before, as well as having an "acute political sensitivity and awareness" and good communication skills. Besides the staff, the head has four deputy governors. Each one is responsible for looking after a particular bit of the Bank's work, such as monitoring the stability of the financial system. Mr Bailey will start off on a base salary of PS495,000, compared with Mr Carney's base salary of PS480,000 in 2018-19. But last year, Mr Carney, who is Canadian, received a total pay package of PS881,574. That included an accommodation allowance for PS250,000. The Bank said this accounts for the difference in the cost of living in London rather than Ottawa.
The Bank of England is the UK's central bank. Unlike High Street banks, a central bank does not hold accounts or issue loans to the public. Its main job is to manage the overall state of the economy, and the stability of the financial system. A central bank can also be a lender to other banks. In the UK, the central bank acts as the government's bank and a lender of last resort in times of financial difficulty. For example, in 2007 it loaned PS27bn to Northern Rock, before the government took control during the financial crisis. It also produces banknotes and stores the UK's gold reserves, (400,000 bars worth more than PS200bn), as well as those of other central banks. The Bank of England was founded as a private bank in 1694, mainly to fund a war against France. It had 17 clerks and two doormen. Today it employs more than 4,000 people. The Bank was privately owned until after World War Two, when it was nationalised.
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What is the Bank of England?
The current governor is Mark Carney. His term was officially due to end on 31 January, but he has now agreed to extend it until 15 March to allow for what chancellor Sajid Javid described as an "orderly handover". Mr Carney has been in the role since 2013. Officially the post is to last for eight years, but Mr Carney agreed to a five-year term with the option of three more. He agreed to extend his term twice, staying on longer in the post because of the delays to Brexit. Mr Bailey will take over on 16 March and will serve a full eight-year term.
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Who is the governor now?
The governor is responsible for overseeing the Bank's three main responsibilities: - Inflation: The Bank tries to keep the cost of living stable. To do this it sets interest rates each month, to make sure prices rise at its own target of 2% a year - Financial system: This connects people who want to save, invest or borrow money. The Bank monitors risks in the system and acts to reduce them, like loaning to banks if they need it. It shares responsibility for this with the Treasury and the regulatory body, the Financial Conduct Authority - Individual banks: It ensures individual banks, building societies and insurers are run well The governor also chairs important committees in the Bank that work towards its targets: the Monetary Policy Committee; Financial Policy Committee; and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Mr Bailey will also represent the UK in meetings of international organisations like the G7 and the International Monetary Fund.
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What does the governor do?
The job advert for the role of governor was first put up in 2019, by then Chancellor Philip Hammond. The Treasury plays an important part in appointing to the role, and hired a recruitment firm that specialises in placing women in top jobs. However, Mr Bailey's appointment means hopes that the Bank could have been led by a female governor for the  first time in its history have been dashed. The job description said that the successful candidate should have led a large financial organisation before, as well as having an "acute political sensitivity and awareness" and good communication skills.
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What skills do they need?
Besides the staff, the head has four deputy governors. Each one is responsible for looking after a particular bit of the Bank's work, such as monitoring the stability of the financial system.
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Do they have any helpers?
Mr Bailey will start off on a base salary of PS495,000, compared with Mr Carney's base salary of PS480,000 in 2018-19. But last year, Mr Carney, who is Canadian, received a total pay package of PS881,574. That included an accommodation allowance for PS250,000. The Bank said this accounts for the difference in the cost of living in London rather than Ottawa.
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How much do they get paid?