International Women's Day 2017: History, strikes and celebrations
6 March 2017
You might have seen International Women's Day mentioned in the media or heard friends talking about it. But what is it for? When is it? Is it a celebration or a protest? And is there an equivalent International Men's Day? For more than a century people around the world have been marking this day, and this year women's strikes are planned in more than 30 countries. Read on to find out why. International Women's Day grew out of the labour movement to become a UN-recognised annual event. The seeds of it were planted in 1908, when 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding shorter working hours, better pay and the right to vote. It was the Socialist Party of America who declared the first National Woman's Day, a year later. The idea to make the day international came from a woman called Clara Zetkin. She suggested the idea in 1910 at an International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. There were 100 women there, from 17 countries, and they agreed unanimously. It was first celebrated in 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. The centenary was celebrated in 2011, so this year we're technically celebrating the 106th International Women's Day. Things were made official in 1975 when the United Nations (UN) started celebrating the day and setting an annual theme. The first one (in 1996) was "Celebrating the past, Planning for the Future". This year's focuses on "Women in the Changing World of Work" - UN figures show that only half of working age women are represented in the labour force globally. International Women's Day has become a date to celebrate how far women have come in society, in politics and in economics, while the political roots of the day mean strikes and protests are organised to raise awareness of continued inequality. 8 March. Clara's idea for an International Women's Day had no fixed date. It wasn't formalised until a war time strike in 1917 when Russian women demanded "bread and peace" - and four days into the women's strike the Tsar was forced to abdicate and the provisional government granted women the right to vote. The date when the women's strike commenced on the Julian calendar, which was then in use in Russia, was Sunday 23 February. This day in the Gregorian calendar was 8 March - and that's when it's celebrated today. There is indeed, on 19 November. But it has only been marked since the 1990s and isn't recognised by the UN. People celebrate it in more than 60 countries, including the UK. The objectives of the day are "to focus attention on men's and boys' health, improve gender relations, promote gender equality and highlight positive male role models". The theme for 2016 was Stop Male Suicide. International Women's Day is a national holiday in many countries including Russia, where the sales of flowers doubles during the three or four days around 8 March. In China, many women are given a half-day off work on 8 March, as advised by the State Council although many employers don't always pass the half day on to their female employees. In Italy, International Women's Day or la Festa della Donna is celebrated by the giving of mimosa blossom. The origin of this tradition is unclear but it is believed to have started in Rome after World War II. In the US, the month of March is Women's History Month. A presidential proclamation issued every year honours the achievements of American women. An International Women's Day campaign has taken on the theme #BeBoldForChange and women's strike are planned in more than 30 countries around the world. Earlier this year, millions of protesters in the US and around the world took to the streets in favour of women's rights after the election of Donald Trump to the US presidency. The organisers of the Washington march have now called for women to walk out of their workplaces on International Women's Day - they say it will "highlight the economic power and significance that women have in the US and global economies".  Organisers are asking women to "take the day off work, avoid shopping except for small, women-and minority-owned businesses, and wear red in solidarity". Strikes are being organised in other countries too - more than 30, according to organisers of the International Women's Strike. Campaigners against Ireland's abortion laws are also holding strikes across the country, demanding that the Irish government call a referendum to repeal the 8th Amendment, which gives an unborn foetus the same rights as a pregnant woman. BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre. On 8 March, BBC 100 Women will be showcasing inspirational stories from women in the UK and across the world: from India's first school for grandmothers to comedians showing you how to respond to sexist banter. Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation.
International Women's Day grew out of the labour movement to become a UN-recognised annual event. The seeds of it were planted in 1908, when 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding shorter working hours, better pay and the right to vote. It was the Socialist Party of America who declared the first National Woman's Day, a year later. The idea to make the day international came from a woman called Clara Zetkin. She suggested the idea in 1910 at an International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. There were 100 women there, from 17 countries, and they agreed unanimously. It was first celebrated in 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. The centenary was celebrated in 2011, so this year we're technically celebrating the 106th International Women's Day. Things were made official in 1975 when the United Nations (UN) started celebrating the day and setting an annual theme. The first one (in 1996) was "Celebrating the past, Planning for the Future". This year's focuses on "Women in the Changing World of Work" - UN figures show that only half of working age women are represented in the labour force globally. International Women's Day has become a date to celebrate how far women have come in society, in politics and in economics, while the political roots of the day mean strikes and protests are organised to raise awareness of continued inequality.
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1. When did it all start?
8 March. Clara's idea for an International Women's Day had no fixed date. It wasn't formalised until a war time strike in 1917 when Russian women demanded "bread and peace" - and four days into the women's strike the Tsar was forced to abdicate and the provisional government granted women the right to vote. The date when the women's strike commenced on the Julian calendar, which was then in use in Russia, was Sunday 23 February. This day in the Gregorian calendar was 8 March - and that's when it's celebrated today.
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2. When is it?
There is indeed, on 19 November. But it has only been marked since the 1990s and isn't recognised by the UN. People celebrate it in more than 60 countries, including the UK. The objectives of the day are "to focus attention on men's and boys' health, improve gender relations, promote gender equality and highlight positive male role models". The theme for 2016 was Stop Male Suicide.
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3. Is there an International Men's Day?
International Women's Day is a national holiday in many countries including Russia, where the sales of flowers doubles during the three or four days around 8 March. In China, many women are given a half-day off work on 8 March, as advised by the State Council although many employers don't always pass the half day on to their female employees. In Italy, International Women's Day or la Festa della Donna is celebrated by the giving of mimosa blossom. The origin of this tradition is unclear but it is believed to have started in Rome after World War II. In the US, the month of March is Women's History Month. A presidential proclamation issued every year honours the achievements of American women.
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4. How is Women's Day celebrated around the world?
An International Women's Day campaign has taken on the theme #BeBoldForChange and women's strike are planned in more than 30 countries around the world. Earlier this year, millions of protesters in the US and around the world took to the streets in favour of women's rights after the election of Donald Trump to the US presidency. The organisers of the Washington march have now called for women to walk out of their workplaces on International Women's Day - they say it will "highlight the economic power and significance that women have in the US and global economies".  Organisers are asking women to "take the day off work, avoid shopping except for small, women-and minority-owned businesses, and wear red in solidarity". Strikes are being organised in other countries too - more than 30, according to organisers of the International Women's Strike. Campaigners against Ireland's abortion laws are also holding strikes across the country, demanding that the Irish government call a referendum to repeal the 8th Amendment, which gives an unborn foetus the same rights as a pregnant woman.
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5. What is happening this year?
BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year. We create documentaries, features and interviews about their lives, giving more space for stories that put women at the centre. On 8 March, BBC 100 Women will be showcasing inspirational stories from women in the UK and across the world: from India's first school for grandmothers to comedians showing you how to respond to sexist banter. Follow BBC 100 Women on Instagram and Facebook and join the conversation.
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What is 100 women?