Juan Guaidó: US backs opposition leader as Venezuela president
24 January 2019
US President Donald Trump has said he recognises Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president. The announcement came minutes after the 35-year-old declared himself acting leader in Caracas on Wednesday. A number of South American countries, including Brazil, Colombia and Peru, have also recognised Mr Guaido as Venezuela's legitimate president. It comes amid mass protests against President Nicolas Maduro who has overseen years of economic freefall. Hyperinflation, power cuts and shortages of basic items have driven millions of people out of Venezuela. Mr Maduro was sworn in for a second term earlier this month, after a vote marred by an opposition boycott and widespread claims of vote-rigging. In response to Mr Trump's recognition of the opposition leader, Mr Maduro broke diplomatic ties with the US and gave its diplomatic staff 72 hours to leave Venezuela. He accused Washington of trying to govern Venezuela from afar and said the opposition was seeking to stage a coup. "We've had enough interventionism, here we have dignity, damn it!" he said in a televised address from the presidential palace. Some counter-demonstrations are also being held in support of Mr Maduro, but these are reported to be on a much smaller scale. Earlier on Wednesday, Mr Guaido told a cheering crowd in Caracas that the protests would continue "until Venezuela is liberated". "I swear to formally assume the national executive powers as acting president," he said, while raising his right hand. Mr Guaido, who is head of the National Assembly, called on the armed forces - who have so far backed Mr Maduro - to disobey the government. But Venezuela's defence minister has condemned Mr Guaido, who has promised to lead a transitional government and hold free elections. The BBC's Latin America Editor Candace Piette says Mr Maduro has worked hard to keep the military leadership on his side, giving officers key government posts and offering lucrative oilfield services contracts to military-linked firms. Some 13 people had been killed during Wednesday's protests, the rights group the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflicts said. In a statement, Mr Trump described Mr Maduro's leadership as "illegitimate" and said the country's congress was the only "legitimate branch of government" in the country. "The people of Venezuela have courageously spoken out against Maduro and his regime and demanded freedom and the rule of law," his statement said. The statement also said the US would hold Mr Maduro's regime "directly responsible" for any threats to the safety  of the Venezuelan people. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo rejected Mr Maduro's move to cut ties with the US, saying that the US did not recognise him as leader and would instead conduct relations "through the government of interim President Guaido". Mr Pompeo urged Venezuela's military to support efforts to restore democracy and said the US would back Mr Guaido in his attempts to establish a government. A senior US official also said "all options are on the table" and suggested tougher sanctions could be imposed on Venezuela. In the announcement, Mr Trump also urged other nations to follow suit in supporting Mr Guaido. So far, seven South American countries - Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina and Paraguay - have done so. Canada has also given its backing to Mr Guaido, while European Council President Donald Tusk said he hoped the EU would "unite in support of democratic forces". But Mexico, Bolivia and Cuba have expressed support for Mr Maduro. The Organization of American States (OAS) has also recognised Mr Guaido as president. "Our congratulations to @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela," Secretary General Luis Almagro said in a tweet. In 2017 Venezuela announced it would withdraw from the organisation, which aims to aid co-operation across the continent - accusing it of meddling in its internal affairs. By Jonathan Marcus, BBC Diplomatic Correspondent Several Latin American countries have followed the US lead, underscoring the regional antipathy to a regime that has compounded Venezuela's many problems. The question is what happens next? Does the Trump administration have a coherent plan for raising the pressure on the Maduro regime - freezing assets and so on? Crisis could simply lead to a greater calamity for the Venezuelan people. Much will depend on which way the Venezuelan military jumps. For now, its generals may be backing the current regime. But will the lower ranks remain loyal to Mr Maduro or will they heed the growing unrest inside the country and the chorus of powerful voices coming from abroad? Mr Guaido was a relatively unknown figure until he became president of Venezuela's opposition-controlled parliament earlier this month. Upon taking up the role, he said he had a constitutional right to assume the presidency until fresh elections were held. As a student, he led protests against the late socialist leader Hugo Chavez who handpicked Mr Maduro as his successor. His appointment as National Assembly leader has energised the opposition, which has been fragmented in recent years. The opposition won parliamentary elections in 2015, but in 2017 Mr Maduro set up a separate body, the constituent assembly, which has taken over legislative powers. Mr Maduro, who took office in 2013 after the death of Hugo Chavez, has been condemned at home and abroad for alleged human rights abuses and for his handling of the economy. There are severe shortages of basic items such as medicine and food, and an estimated three million people have fled the country. The annual inflation rate reached 1,300,000% in the 12 months to November 2018, according to a study by the National Assembly. Wednesday's demonstrations come just two days after 27 National Guard soldiers were reported to have revolted against the government at a guard post in the capital, Caracas. But there is still a loyal core of people who support the government and say that Venezuela's problems are caused by a right-wing opposition supported by the US and hostile neighbours. They say that US sanctions have hampered the government by making it hard to restructure its debt.
In response to Mr Trump's recognition of the opposition leader, Mr Maduro broke diplomatic ties with the US and gave its diplomatic staff 72 hours to leave Venezuela. He accused Washington of trying to govern Venezuela from afar and said the opposition was seeking to stage a coup. "We've had enough interventionism, here we have dignity, damn it!" he said in a televised address from the presidential palace. Some counter-demonstrations are also being held in support of Mr Maduro, but these are reported to be on a much smaller scale. Earlier on Wednesday, Mr Guaido told a cheering crowd in Caracas that the protests would continue "until Venezuela is liberated". "I swear to formally assume the national executive powers as acting president," he said, while raising his right hand. Mr Guaido, who is head of the National Assembly, called on the armed forces - who have so far backed Mr Maduro - to disobey the government. But Venezuela's defence minister has condemned Mr Guaido, who has promised to lead a transitional government and hold free elections. The BBC's Latin America Editor Candace Piette says Mr Maduro has worked hard to keep the military leadership on his side, giving officers key government posts and offering lucrative oilfield services contracts to military-linked firms. Some 13 people had been killed during Wednesday's protests, the rights group the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflicts said.
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What's the latest?
In a statement, Mr Trump described Mr Maduro's leadership as "illegitimate" and said the country's congress was the only "legitimate branch of government" in the country. "The people of Venezuela have courageously spoken out against Maduro and his regime and demanded freedom and the rule of law," his statement said. The statement also said the US would hold Mr Maduro's regime "directly responsible" for any threats to the safety  of the Venezuelan people. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo rejected Mr Maduro's move to cut ties with the US, saying that the US did not recognise him as leader and would instead conduct relations "through the government of interim President Guaido". Mr Pompeo urged Venezuela's military to support efforts to restore democracy and said the US would back Mr Guaido in his attempts to establish a government. A senior US official also said "all options are on the table" and suggested tougher sanctions could be imposed on Venezuela. In the announcement, Mr Trump also urged other nations to follow suit in supporting Mr Guaido. So far, seven South American countries - Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina and Paraguay - have done so. Canada has also given its backing to Mr Guaido, while European Council President Donald Tusk said he hoped the EU would "unite in support of democratic forces". But Mexico, Bolivia and Cuba have expressed support for Mr Maduro. The Organization of American States (OAS) has also recognised Mr Guaido as president. "Our congratulations to @jguaido as acting President of #Venezuela," Secretary General Luis Almagro said in a tweet. In 2017 Venezuela announced it would withdraw from the organisation, which aims to aid co-operation across the continent - accusing it of meddling in its internal affairs.
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What does the US say?
Mr Guaido was a relatively unknown figure until he became president of Venezuela's opposition-controlled parliament earlier this month. Upon taking up the role, he said he had a constitutional right to assume the presidency until fresh elections were held. As a student, he led protests against the late socialist leader Hugo Chavez who handpicked Mr Maduro as his successor. His appointment as National Assembly leader has energised the opposition, which has been fragmented in recent years. The opposition won parliamentary elections in 2015, but in 2017 Mr Maduro set up a separate body, the constituent assembly, which has taken over legislative powers.
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Who is Juan Guaido?
Mr Maduro, who took office in 2013 after the death of Hugo Chavez, has been condemned at home and abroad for alleged human rights abuses and for his handling of the economy. There are severe shortages of basic items such as medicine and food, and an estimated three million people have fled the country. The annual inflation rate reached 1,300,000% in the 12 months to November 2018, according to a study by the National Assembly. Wednesday's demonstrations come just two days after 27 National Guard soldiers were reported to have revolted against the government at a guard post in the capital, Caracas. But there is still a loyal core of people who support the government and say that Venezuela's problems are caused by a right-wing opposition supported by the US and hostile neighbours. They say that US sanctions have hampered the government by making it hard to restructure its debt.
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Why are people protesting?