Case: Southern Roadways Ltd., Madurai, Byits Secretary Vs. S.M. Krishnan

3. The facts are substantially undisputed. The appellant-company under the name as Southern Roadways Ltd., is engaged in the business of transport of goods and parcels to different places in Southern India. It has appointed commission agents at various stations for the purpose of carrying on its business. S. M. Krishnan-respondent was one such agent appointed at Madras city. Clause III of the agreement by which he was appointed provides that the respondent should arrange a suitable godown and engage employees. Clause XI provides for his removal from service at any time without notice. It also provides that upon removal of the agent the company could occupy the godown. The company could also utilise the services of employees engaged by the respondent. As per the agreement perhaps at the suggestion of the respondent, the company took on lease a godown at No. 10, Srinivasan Road, T. Nagar, Madras. The godown was put in possession of the respondent for the purpose of carrying on his agency business of theIn the course of the companys audit, it was discovered that the respondent had mismanaged the business and misappropriated the income of the company. By letter dated October 13, 1988, the company terminated his agency with effect from October 14, 1988. He was informed that the company would be taking possession of the godown and carrying on the business on its own. By subsequent letter, he was also intimated that the company has taken possession of the godown on October 15, 1988 and another agent called R. Sundarajan was appointed in his place. The respondent however, prevented R. Sundarajan and also the company from carrying on business at the godown premises. The company, therefore, had to institute a suit for declaration of its right to carry on business in the said premises. Permanent injunction restraining the respondent from interfering was also sought for. The suit was based on two separate grounds. The first related to legal right of the company to carry on its business after termination of agency of the respondent; the second concerned the factum of taking actual possession of the premises on October 15,Pending suit, the company moved the High Court for temporary injunction. The temporary injunction was for restraining the respondent from interfering with the possession of the premises and the business thereof. The learned Single Judge (M. Srinivasan, J.) acceded to that request. The Judgepointed out already, in this case, there is no denial of the lease arrangement between the owner of he premises and the plaintiff. The defendant does not claim to be the owner of the premises nor does not he put forward any rival title as against the plaintiff. The only claim of the defendant is that he is possession and that he has been paying the rent to the owner. He does not claim that he took possession as a lessee from the owner. Though there is a specific averment in the plaint and the affidavit of the plaintiff that there is a lease arrangement between the plaintiff and the owner, there is not denial of the same by the defendant. In these circumstances, the defendant cannot claim that he is in possession pursuant to any right ensured in him.As to the possession of the premises, heclaim made by the plaintiff that it took possession on October 15, 1988 is acceptable in view of the fact that the defendant was never the lessee under the owner of the premises. The defendant was only looking after the business as an agent of the plaintiff and as such he was permitted to enter the premises and he cannot claim independent possession.;In the circumstances of the case, there can be not doubt that the plaintiff has been in legal and actual possession of the premises on the date of the suit. The fact that the business has been temporarily shifted to another place in view of the threat meted out to the plaintiffs agent will not disentitle the plaintiff to get injunction. The plaintiff is certainly entitled to carry on its business at No. 10, Srinivasan Road, T. Nagar, Madras - 600 017, having taken the premise on lease. It is not open to the defendant to prevent the plaintiff from carrying on such business.The respondent was thus restrained by means of temporary injunction from interfering with the companys transport business in goods and parcels at the suitThe respondent took up the matter in the appeal before the Division Bench of the High Court. The Division Bench consisting of Sathidev and Padmini Jesudurai, JJ., accepted the appeal and vacated the temporary injunction. The conclusion of learned Judges is largely based on the actual possession of the premises claimed by the company. They found it hard to accept that claim andplaintiff will not be entitled to the relief sought for unless it establishes than its claim that possession of the property was handed over to it on October 15, 1984 is true. The defendant has consistently been contending that possession was not handed over to the plaintiff on October 15, 1984 and that he continues to be in actual and physical possession of the property even now. No material has been placed before the court to substantiate the claim of the plaintiff that possession was taken over on October 15,In the face of these documents and in the absence of any material to show that possession of the suit property was taken by the plaintiff on October 15, 1988, it would be impossible for this Court to grant the plaintiff, the relief ofto the companys right to treat the respondent as trespasser, the Division Benchthe defendant could be characterised as a trespasser, the validity of the termination of the agency and the rights of the parties, following that, have also to be determined and this could be done only during

Reasoning: 17. We wish to add that it is not every agent who is in a fiduciary position vis-a-vis his principal. For example if A appoints B to be his agent merely to sign a memorandum and places no particular trust in B, the doctrine of fiduciary relations would not apply. Likewise, where the principal authorises an agent to do particular or specified acts, the doctrine of fiduciary relation may not arise. What we want to emphasise is, in all cases of general agency, the relation may be generally fiduciary, but in other kinds of agencies, the relation may vary with the confidence which the principal chooses to repose in the agent. It may also depend upon the power which the agent exercises over the subject matter under the terms of the contract of agency or by virtue of the incident of law and usage of the business which the relationship implies. Thus the fiduciary element in agency, though the key to much of the law governing this relation, is not the essential element in theThe crux of the matter is that an agent holds the principals property only on behalf of the principal. He acquires no interest for himself in such property. He cannot deny principals title to property. Nor he can convert it into any other kind or use. His possession is the possession of the principal for all purposes. As the Kerala High Court in Narayani Amma v. Bhaskaran Pillai (AIR 1969 Ker 214 : 1968 Ker LJ 738) observed : (AIR p. 217, paraagent has no possession of his own. What is called a caretakers possession is the possession of the principal.So much is, we think, established law as regards agents right to property belonging to the principal. Dr. Chitale, learned counsel for the respondent, however, cited in this context, two decisions : (i) Abdul Nabi Sahib v. Bajan Sahib (AIR 1944 Mad 221 : (1944) 1 MLJ 87) and (ii) Jemma v. Raghu (AIR 1977 Ori 12 : 42 Cut LT 940). In the former case of the Madras High Court, the suit was for a permanent injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with the plaintiffs peaceful possession and enjoyment of the suit properties and performance of the religious services. The defendant admitted that he was agent of the plaintiff but set up title to the property in himself as done. He has also set up title by adverse possession. On these claims, Kunhi Raman, J.,the plaintiff had not got possession of the property, it would not be sufficient to show that he was in constructive possession and the theory of constructive possession as between the principal and agent, cannot be relied upon by the principal for the purpose of meeting the contention of the description raised on behalf of the defendant, who is the agent.If the defendant in the above case, has admitted that he was the agent of the plaintiff and yet set up title to the property of his principal, the above observation may not be consistent with the settled principle of law. We have already stated that the agent acquires no interest in the property of the principal and he cannot, therefore, non-suit the principal on the possessory title asThe second case in Jemma v. Raghu (AIR 1977 Ori 12 : 42 Cut LT 940) referred to us is the decision of the Orissa High Court. That case dealt with the general principle that the plaintiff who is not in possession of the suit premises is not entitled to relief of injunction. The plaintiff must ask for recovery of possession. But this principle has no application with regard to dispute between the principal and agent in respect of principalsIn this case, the respondents possession of the suit premises was on behalf of the company and not on his own right. It is, therefore, unnecessary for the company to file a suit for recovery of possession. The respondent has no right to remain in possession of the suit premises after termination of his agency. He has also no right to interfere with the companys business. The case, therefore, deserves the grant of temporary injunction. The learned Single Judge of the High Court in our judgment, was justified in issuing the injunction. The Division Bench of the High Court was clearly in error in vacating it