Case: Liberty Talkies and Others Vs. State of Gujarat

Under the Bombay Entertainments Duty Act 1 of 1923 entertainment duty is chargeable on the total collections from the visitors to a theatre. On March 18, 1960 the Collector, Junagarh issued instructions to his subordinate officers directing them to levy entertainment duty at the prescribed rate only on the net price receivable by the proprietor of the theatre and not on the total amount including entertainment duty collected from the visitors. Entertainment duty so computed was paid till January 1962 by the appellants who own a theatre atJanuary 11, 1962 the Government of Gujarat issued a memorandum that "the duty (entertainment duty) is a percentage of the payment for admission i.e. the amount which a person pays for being admitted to witness the entertainment, inclusive of the various items mentioned in clause (b) of section 2 ofthe Bombay Entertainment Duty Act, 1923. The amount which a person pays includes both sums-(i) what the Manager has to pay by way of duty; and (ii) what the Manager can retain as Net receipts and hence the duty has to be charged on the total amount payable by the person buying the ticket, including any SLIM charged separately by way of duty." Pursuant to that notification entertainment duty was levied on the gross sum levied and paid by the visitors for admission to thea petition moved in the High Court of Gujarat the appellants challenged the validity of the memorandum dated January 11, 1962 and the notice of demand issued pursuant thereto and urged that the primary liability for payment of entertainment duty is by the Act imposed upon the visitor to the theatre, and that the proprietor of the theatre is merely an agent of the Government for collecting the duty: and that the proprietor has under the Act to pay the duty which he collects from the visitors; and that he cannot be required to pay an amount which he does not collect from the visitors. The High Court rejected the petitions and against the order of the High Court this appeal has been preferred.

Reasoning:
In our judgment entertainment duty is a payment which the proprietor is required to make as a condition for enabling visitors to attend or continue to attend the entertainment. Without such a payment the visitor cannot be admitted to the entertainment under s. 4(1) of the Act. That being so the expression "payment for admission" includes entertainment duty.We agree with the High Court that the appellant was liable to pay duty computed in the manner provided by S. 3 ( 1 ) (b) (ii) on the total amount received by the proprietor. But the method of levy of entertainment duty from the proprietors involves some hardship. It is implicit in the Act that the proprietor is entitled "to pass on the liability" for payment of entertainment duty to the visitors. But the visitor only pays the amount represented by the stamp affixed on the ticket. A proprietor paying entertainment duty on the total amount, received by him from the visitor will never be able to collect the full entertainment duty from the visitor. Apart of the duty payable by him Will have to come out of the amount received by him as net charge for the ticket. But we are dealing with a taxing statute and questions of hardship cannot justify us in departing from the provisions of ss. 3 and 4 of the Act. The Legislature must be deemed to have contemplated that only a part of the entertainment duty levied by the Government may be collected in the manner provided from the visitors to the theatre and the balance shall be paid by the proprietors. It may be observed that between March, 18, 1960 and January 11, 1962 the appellant collected and paid the duty which was actually received from the visitors to the theatre by stamps affixed on the tickets issued to them according to the notification issued by the Collector. It was thereafter when a fresh memorandum dated January 11, 1962 was issued requiring the proprietors of the theatres to pay tax on the aggregate amount of the net value of the ticket and the entertainment duty that the proprietor was called upon to pay the difference. Till January 11, 1962 the proprietor acted pursuant to the memorandum dated March 18, 1960 issued by the Collector and collected the duty and paid it over. The Government of Gujarat later advised that the method of collection notified by the Collector was not the correct method. But the Act contains no provision for reopening assessments already made. When pursuant to return by the proprietor, payments were made and accepted under S. 4 (2) (b), the tax may be deemed to be assessed and paid, and the State cannot thereafter reopen the concluded assessments and seek to levy tax or duty which hasAct and the Rules framed there under prescribe the method of collection of entertainment duty. On each ticket issued to a person entitling him to enter the theatre for entertainment, a revenue stamp of a specified face value is affixed. The total amount that the visitor pays consists of two items, the net charge which the proprietor makes for the. ticket and the value of the stamp. Under the memorandum issued on March 18, 1960 the aggregate of the duty received by the appellants was paid over to the Government and the net value of the tickets remained with the proprietor. Under the memorandum issued on January 11, 1962, the duty payable to the Government was calculated at the appropriate rate applicable to the aggregate of the net value of the ticket and the duty paid by the visitor. In consequence of the notification the proprietor could collect from the visitor the amount shown as entertainment duty on the ticket but he was obliged to pay duty equal to the amount computed on the total amount paid by the visitor at the appropriate rate. The difference between the entertainment duty computed on the total value of the ticket and the value of the stamp affixed on the ticket was therefore borne by the3A provides for payment of duty at the appropriate rates on complimentary tickets. By that section entertainment duty at the appropriate rates prescribed under s. 3 is payable as if full payment had been made for admission to the entertainment according to the class of seat or accommodation which the holder of such, ticket shall, be deemed to have been admitted for payment for the purpose of the Act. Section 4 providesmethod of levy of6 provides for exemptions from payment of entertainment duty in certain specific classes of cases. Section 7 authorises the State Government to make rules for securing the payment of the entertainment duty and generally for carrying into effect the provisions of the Act. The expression "entertainment" is defined in s. 2(a) as including any exhibition, performance, amusement, game or sport to which persons are admitted for payment. A cinematograph show is "entertainment" within the meaning of the Act. Section 2(b) defines "payment for admission" asany payment for seats or other accommodation in a place of entertainment.(iv) any payment for any purpose whatsoever connected with an entertainment which a person is required to make as a condition of attending or continuing to attend the entertainment in addition to the payment, if any, for admission to the2(c) defines "proprietor" in relation to any entertainment as including any person responsible for, or for the time being in charge of, the managementsection 3 the duty is levied at the rates prescribed on all payments for admission and the method of levy is prescribed by s. 4(2). The proprietor is enjoined by S. 4(1) not to admit any person to an entertainment without a ticket. The proprietor pays the entertainment duty determined in the manner provided by clauses (a), (b) &(c) of(2) of s. 4. He is permitted by the Act to collect entertainment duty on the net amount receivable by him, but he does not on that account become an agent for the Government. The charge is by s. 3 on payments received by the proprietor for admitting visitors to entertainment. Even where a ticket is not issued for an individual show but payment is received "by means of a lump sum" as subscription or contribution to any society, or by. season ticket or for the right of admission to a series of entertainments or during ascertain period of time, or for any privilege, right, facility, thing combined with the right of admission to any entertainment without further payment or at a reduced charge, the entertainments duty is payable on the lump sum: see s. 3 (2). Where a complimentary ticket is issued the duty is payable by the proprietor at the appropriate as if full payment had been made rate prescribed under the Act for admission to the entertainment. These provisions leave no room for doubt that liability for payment of the duty is imposed upon the proprietor and not upon the visitors to the theatre. Under s. 4(1) on the ticket for admission to any entertainment, an impressed, embossed, engraved or adhesive stamp (.not before used) issued by the State Government of the value specified. in s. 3 must be affixed. The price which the visitor pays for a ticket for admission to an entertainment is the value of the stamp affixed and the net value of the ticket. But the statutory liability to pay the entertainment duty is imposed upon the proprietor and not on the visitor. The proprietor it is true passes on a part of the duty payable by him to the visitor, but even in respect of that amount he does not act as an agent of the Government.The rules framed under the Bombay Entertainments Dirty Act, 1923 do not also suggest a contrarysimilar provision is made in respect of "plural tickets" where a number of persons are to be admitted on a single ticket. The use of the expression "affixed to it a stamp of the value of the duty payable out of the said price of admission" does not support the view that the amount of entertainment duty represented by the ticket alone is payable by the proprietor. It only means that the proprietor shall specify on the ticket the amount chargeable by him to the visitor and the duty in respect of which the stamp has been affixed. Rule 7 cannot operate to modify the charging section 3, nor section 4 relating to the method of levy. Rule; 15 and 23 which are referred to in r. 7 also do not support the submission made by counsel for the appellant. Rule 15 deals with unstamped tickets and r. 23 deals with the form of exemption granted by the District Magistrate or the Commissioner of Police. Rule 16 imposes. a duty upon every proprietor either making a consolidated payment under cl. (a) of(2) of s. 4 or making payment in accordance with return of the payments for admission under cl. (b) ofof s. 4, within ten days of the date of entertainment and to submit to the prescribed officer a return in Form "B" showing the number of tickets (not being complimentary tickets) issued at each rate, the serial number of tickets issued, the gross amount received by sale of tickets and the amount of duty payable to the State Government. Under section 4(2) (a) the consolidated payment is a percentage of the gross sum (.not charge and the entertainment duty) received by the proprietor on account of payments for admission to the entertainment. That duty is charged under s. 4 (2) (b) in accordance with the returns relating to the payments for admission to the entertainment, under r. 16 the duty is again chargeable on the gross amount received by the proprietor. The definition of the expression "payment for admission" in S. 2(b) of the Act, is an inclusive definition; it includes by clause (iv) payment for any purpose whatsoever "connected with an entertainment which a person is required to make as a condition of attending or continuing to attend the entertainment".In our judgment entertainment duty is a payment which the proprietor is required to make as a condition for enabling visitors to attend or continue to attend the entertainment. Without such a payment the visitor cannot be admitted to the entertainment under s. 4(1) of the Act. That being so the expression "payment for admission" includes entertainment duty.We agree with the High Court that the appellant was liable to pay duty computed in the manner provided by S. 3 ( 1 ) (b) (ii) on the total amount received by the proprietor. But themethod of levy ofentertainment duty from the proprietors involves some hardship. It is implicit in the Act that the proprietor is entitled "to pass on the liability" for payment of entertainment duty to the visitors. But the visitor only pays the amount represented by the stamp affixed on the ticket. A proprietor paying entertainment duty on the total amount, received by him from the visitor will never be able to collect the full entertainment duty from the visitor. Apart of the duty payable by him Will have to come out of the amount received by him as net charge for the ticket. But we are dealing with a taxing statute and questions of hardship cannot justify us in departing from the provisions of ss. 3 and 4 of the Act. The Legislature must be deemed to have contemplated that only a part of the entertainment duty levied by the Government may be collected in the manner provided from the visitors to the theatre and the balance shall be paid by the proprietors. It may be observed that between March, 18, 1960 and January 11, 1962 the appellant collected and paid the duty which was actually received from the visitors to the theatre by stamps affixed on the tickets issued to them according to the notification issued by the Collector. It was thereafter when a fresh memorandum dated January 11, 1962 was issued requiring the proprietors of the theatres to pay tax on the aggregate amount of the net value of the ticket and the entertainment duty that the proprietor was called upon to pay the difference. Till January 11, 1962 the proprietor acted pursuant to the memorandum dated March 18, 1960 issued by the Collector and collected the duty and paid it over. The Government of Gujarat later advised that the method of collection notified by the Collector was not the correct method. But the Act contains no provision for reopening assessments already made. When pursuant to return by the proprietor, payments were made and accepted under S. 4 (2) (b), the tax may be deemed to be assessed and paid, and the State cannot thereafter reopen the concluded assessments and seek to levy tax or duty which has