Case: HIYA ASSOCIATES Vs. NAKSHATRA PROPERTIES PVT. LTD

These appeals arise from the final judgment and order dated 21.07.2017 & 26.07.2017 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Writ Petition No.6733 of 2017 whereby the High Court allowed the writ petition filed by the respondent herein, set aside theorder dated 26.09.2016 passed by the Small Causes Court, Appellate Bench, Mumbai in R.A. No.333/2015 and restored the order dated 28.10.2015 of the Executing Court in Execution Application No.31/2013 in R.A.E. SuitThe issue involved in these appeals is short. Few facts, however, need mention to appreciate the issue, which is the subject matter of theseare the defendantsand the respondent is the plaintiff in the civil suit out of which these appealsThe issue arises out of evictionsuit, which resulted in passing of a compromise decree followed by its execution. So far as the present appeals are concerned, they arise out of an order passed in the executionled a suit (No.872/2007)in the Court of Small Causesat Mumbai against the appellants(defendants) for their evictionfrom the suit premises. The eviction was claimed inter alia on the ground of unauthorized user ofthe suit premises by the appellants (defendants) which, according to the respondent (plaintiff), amounted to the change of user under the provision of Section 16(1)(n) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act,1999 (hereinafter referred to as?the Act?). It is not necessary to set out the facts in the pleadings of theDuring the pendency of the suit, the parties, i.e., the appellants and respondent, compromised the matter and accordingly filed their consent terms on which the compromise was arrived at betweenThe Court accordingly, by order dated 05.09.2007, pronounced the judgment and disposed of thesuit in accordance with the consent terms. In terms of the compromise, the defendants (appellants) were to handover the vacant possession of the suit premisesto the plaintiff (respondent) on or before 31.01.2009 and the defendants (appellants) were also liable to pay Rs.5000/- per day by way of mesne profitsif they fail to handover possession of the suit premises afterto handover the vacant possession of the suit premises to the plaintiff (respondent) in terms of the compromise, the plaintiff (respondent) filed an execution application (No.31/2013) for execution of the consent decreeand prayed therein for issuance of possession warrant in respect of the suit premises against the defendantsThe defendants (appellants) filed their reply and raised several objections on facts and law including maintainability of the execution application. By order dated 28.10.2015, the Executing Court overruled all the objections on merits and, in consequence, held that the execution application filed by the plaintiff (respondent) is maintainable in law and the consent decree is, therefore, executable against the defendants (appellants).The Executing Court, therefore, directed issuance of warrant of possession againstthe defendants (appellants) in relation to the suitThe defendants (appellants)felt aggrieved and filed revision before the Small Causes Court at Mumbai. The Revisionary Court, by order dated 26.09.2016, allowed the revision, set aside the order dated 28.10.2015 passed by the Executing Court and remanded the case to the Executing Court for deciding the objection raised by the defendants(appellants) against the execution application afresh on merits. One of the reasons to remand the case to the Executing Courtwas that the Revisionary Court allowed the defendants (appellants) to file additional documents (Ex.22), which they had filed for the first time in the revisione plaintiff (respondent)felt aggrieved by the order of the Revisionary Court and filed writ petition under Article 227 of the Constitution of India in the High Court of Bombay. By impugned order, the High Court allowed the writ petition, set aside the order of the Revisionary Court and restored the order of the Executing Court, which gives rise to filing of the present appeals by way of special leave by the defendants (appellants) in this Court.

Reasoning:
In our opinion, the Revisionary Court committed twoerrors. In the first place, it should not have remanded the case to the Executing Court for its fresh consideration on merits but it should have decided the revision on merits in accordance withIt is for the reason that the Executing Court had already decided all objections raised by the defendants (appellants) on merits and had found no merit therein. The Revisionary Court was, therefore, under legal obligation to decide the legality and correctness of the findings recorded by the Executing Court on its merits in its revisionary jurisdiction instead of remanding the case to the Executing Court.Indeed, we do not find any justifiable reason, which could justify remand having regard to the nature of the objections raised by the defendants (appellants) before the Executing Court. In other words, this was not the case, which needed remand to the Executing Court for its fresh decision onIn our opinion, the remand ofa case to the Subordinate Court is considered necessary when the Superior Court while exercising its appellate or revisionary jurisdiction findsthat the Subordinate Court has failed to decide some material issues arising in the case or there is some procedural lacuna noticed in the trial, which has adversely affected the rights of the parties while prosecuting the suit/proceedings or whensome additional evidence is considered necessary to decide the rights of the parties which was not before the Trial Court etc. (See Order 41 Rules 23, 23-A, 24 and 25 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908). Such was not the caseSecond error committed by the Revisionary Court was that it allowed the defendants (revision petitioners) to file additional documents (Ex.22) to prove theirIn our opinion, the documents sought to be filed by thedefendants (revision petitioners) were neither relevant and nor material for deciding the legality and correctness of the order passed by the Executing Court. The legality and correctness of the order impugned in the revision could be decided one way or the other without the aid of any additional document but on the basis of material already on record keeping in view the law laid down by this Court in several decided cases on the issue in question.Indeed, if the Executing Court could decide the issue finally at its level, the Revisionary Court too could do the same at itsIn our view, the issue in question was not required to be decided under Order 21 Rule 97 of the Code of Civil Procedure but it should have been so decidedkeeping in view the law laid down by this Court in the case of Roshanlal vs. Madan Lal (AIR 1975 SC 2130  ) which lays down the principle as to how the issue of such a nature needs to be dealt with by the Executing Court when it is raised by the judgment debtor in executionIt is due to these two aforementioned reasons, we are of the considered view that the order passed by the Revisionary Court is not legally sustainable.So far as the impugned order passed by the High Court is concerned, in our view, the High Court having noticed the aforementioned errors in the order of the Revisionary Court should have remanded the case to the Revisionary Court for deciding the revision afresh on merits in accordance with law. Instead, the High Court itself went into the question on merits and upheld the order of the Executing Court. This, in our opinion, the High Court should not have done and left it for the Revisionary Court toBy these observations, we do not mean that the High Court had no jurisdiction to decide the issue but having regard to the nature of objections, remedy available to the parties to have finding on the question arisingin the case one way or the other from the Revisionary Court and to put the record straight, it was not called for in thisy these observations, we do not mean that the High Court had no jurisdiction to decide the issue but having regard to the nature of objections, remedy available to the parties to have finding on the question arisingin the case one way or the other from the Revisionary Court and to put the record straight, it was not called for in thisIt is for these reasons, we consider it proper to set aside the impugned order and also the order of the Revisionary Court and remand the case to the Revisionary Court to decide the defendants? (appellants?) revision afresh on merits in accordance withThe Revisionary Court would decide the legality and correctness of the order passed by the Executing Court dated 28.10.2015 on merits keeping in view the law laid down by this Court in Roshanlal (supra) and other cases on the subject.