Case: Attilli Swamy and Another Vs. State of Hyderabad (Now Andhra Pradesh) and Another

They were the contractors of the Marredpally and Balamrai Sendhi and toddy shops for the Akbari year. They alleged in the plaint that though they had complied with all the terms of the contract they were not put in possession of the number of trees earmarked for the two shops at the time of auction. In particular it was alleged that 1600 trees in Shengaram village and 710 trees in Ibrahimnagar which were earmarked for the shops were never given to the plaintiffs but, instead they were allotted to other contractors. As a result of the failure of the Excise authorities to give allotted trees to the plaintiffs they suffered losses and were unable to pay the instalments. Despite the representations of the plaintiffs the contract in their favour was terminated and the shops wered on May 19, 1952. The Government of Hyderabad demanded from the plaintiffs a sum of Rs. 79,8 said to be the Akbari arrears due by the plaintiffs to the Government. Notice was served on the plaintiff by affixture on October 22, 1952. Thereafter on June 3, 1955, the suit out of which the appeal arises was filed to recover a sum of Rs. 1, 54,2. The suit was contested by the Government of Hyderabad. The allegation that the agreed number of trees were not given to the plaintiffs was denied. With regard to the trees in Ibrahimnagar village, it was stated that the trees were never taken from the plaintiff and that they had not been allotted to anyone else. It was stated in regard to the trees in Shengaram village that the trees had been wrongly allotted to the plaintiffs and therefore on the request of the plaintiffs they were allowed to purchase toddy from the Government Depot, equal to the yield of 1250 trees, as a special concession. It was pleaded that the suit was barred by the provisions of Section 41(1) of the Hyderabad Akbari Act and that in any case the suit was barred by limitation under Section 41(2) of the Hyderabad Akbari Act3. The learned Additional Chief Judge held that the suit was barred by limitation under Section 41(2) of the Hyderabad Akbari Act. On merits, the learned Additional Chief Judge held that there was no shortage of allotment of trees in regard to Balamrai shop either with regard to Quarardad or Takmilla quota. In regard to the Marredpally shop, the learned Additional Chief Judge found that 1600 trees in Shengaram village were taken away from the shops quota as they had already been allotted to the shop of the some other contractor. The learned Judge also found that in lieu of the Shengaram trees, the plaintiffs asked for and were granted permission to purchase toddy from the Government Depot, the quantity so permitted representing the yield of 1250 trees. On that basis the learned Judge came to the conclusion that there was shortage of 350 Sendhi trees out of the quota of trees earmarked for the Marredpally shop. It was held that there was no shortage of Takmilla trees. The learned Judge found that there was no breach of contract on the part of the Government and that the Government was entitled to terminate the contract of the plaintiffs and reaction the shops when the plaintiffs failed to pay the installments. On those findings the learned Additional Chief Judge dismissed the suit4. The plaintiffs preferred an appeal to the High Court. On merits the High Court upheld the finding of the trial Judge. The High Court also held that the suit was barred by boths (1) and (2) of Section 41 in regard to the claim for damages. It was, however, held that the relief of injunction was not so barred and that the Government was not entitled to claim Rs. 1042 of the monthly rental for twelve months, in view of the fact that there was a shortage of 350 trees in respect of the Marredpally shop. Since there was a variation of the decree of the trial Court, though in favour of the plaintiffs and though of an insubstantial nature, the plaintiffs sought and obtained a certificate under Article 133(1)(a) of the Constitution. They have filed the present appeal.

Reasoning:
6. On the merits, we are unable to see any ground for disturbing the concurrent finding of fact arrived at by the trial Court and the High Court. It is true that the High Court has not specifically referred to the particular documents to which the learned counsel for the appellants drew our attention. The learned Judge of the High Court did not refer to the documents probably because no reliance was placed upon those documents before them. The trial Judge, however, did refer to those documents for what they were worth. We do not think that these documents make any difference to the concurrent finding of fact arrived at the courts below. As indicated by us at the outset the express complaint of the plaintiff in regard to thet of trees was only in respect of 710 trees in Ibrahimnagar and 1600 trees in Shengaram. There was no reference in the plaint to the allegedy of 1675 trees in Nalgonda District. In the evidence of PW 2, (the first plaintiff) and PW 3 (the agent of the plaintiffs) it was stated that these 1675 trees became unavailable because of communist troubleWe are, therefore, unable to say that there was any shortage in the allotment of trees in Ibrahimnagar village. The Government expressly admitted that 1600 trees in Shengaram village had been wrongly included in the Marredpally shops quota and, therefore, they had to be deleted. To compensate, the plaintiffs were allowed to purchase toddy from the Government Depot. The quantity permitted to be purchased was the equivalent of the yield of 1250 trees. The shortage of trees in Shengaram village was, therefore, rightly estimated by the lower courts at 350. We do to think it is necessary for us to probe any further into the matter as we are satisfied that the findings are correctThe argument of the learned counsel was that the very requirement of good faith in order to claim immunity showed that the immunity conferred was in respect of tortious acts and not breaches of contract. Whatever merit there may be in this submission insofar as it relates to the bar under Section 41(1), the submission has no force in relation to the bar under Section 41(2). Section 41(2) is not confined to actions for damages as is the case under Section 41(1) but extends to "all actions". Good faith does not have to be established to plead the bar of limitation under Section 41(2) though it is necessary to claim immunity Section 41(1). Again the act complained of in the action may even be an act alleged to have been done in accordance with the Act and not merely an act done in accordance with the Act as under Section 41(1). Having regard to the wide language employed in Section 41(2), we are unable to see any justification for confining thats for damages arising out of tortious acts only. In Raghunandhan Reddy v. State of Hyderabad, through Secretary of Government, Revenue Department (AIR 1963 AP 110 ) Jaganmohan Reddy and Chandrasekhara Sastry, JJ. had occasion to construe Section 41 of the Hyderabad Akbari Act. There Jaganmohan Reddy, J., observed as follows (at p. 115) :It would appear thatn (1) bars suits for damages against Government or against Akbari Officers for acts done in good faith, whilen (2) prescribes a period of limitation of six months for all actions which may be lawfully brought against Government or against Akbari Officers. Learned advocate for the appellant, Shri Raghuvir, sought to contend that this is confined to suits for damages, but later recognised the force of the contention of the learned Government pleader that all suits which can be lawfully brought, whether for damages or otherwise, are governed by the limitation prescribed, therein. There is in our view no difficulty in the applicability of this section to the present suit in as much as it arises out of the action of the Excise Commissioner and the Excise Department in claiming loss incurred by the Government as a result of the purported breach of contract by the appellantIn the present case the plaintiffs themselves have mentioned in the plain that the cause of action for the suit arose on May 8, 1952, when the two shops were, on September 30, 1952, when the period of the contract expired and on July 30, 1952 when the Government gave a reply to their notice disclaiming all liability on the part of the Government for the loss alleged to have been occasioned to the plaintiff. Whatever date is taken as the starting point the suit is clearly barred by limitation under Section 41(2).