Case: Itc Agro-Tech Limited &amp; Others Vs. The State of Maharashtra, Represented By The Government Pleader &amp; Others

1. In Writ Petition No.3278 of 1991, the first petitioner is a public limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 with its registered office at 31, Sarojini Devi Road, Secunderabad500 003 and is engaged, inter alia, in the business of manufacture and sale of edible oils, including refined Sunflower Oil and refined Groundnut Oil. It has its refineries/factories at two places in the State of Andhra Pradesh and it purchases oil seeds from various sources, including the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees, Farmers and other agencies in the State of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. These oil seeds are subsequently crushed/processed and refined oil is produced in the factories/refineries in Andhra Pradesh and are sold as refined edible oils in packages of 15 kg., 5 kg., 2 kg., and 1 kg. containers in the brand names of "Sundrop", Crystal" and "Sudham" respectively. The Company has various sales outlets in many parts of the country and in the State of Maharashtra as well, where it has been carrying on its activities of marketing the refined Sunflower and Groundnut oils, namely, through its CF agents located at Chunilal Compound Retiwala Industrial Estate, Anant Ganpat Pawar Cross Lane No.2, Byculla, BombayThe respondent no.1 is the State of Maharashtra and respondent no.3 is a statutory body established under the Bombay Agricultural Produce Regulation Marketing Act, 1939 and subsequently it was deemed to be established under the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963 (for short "the Act"). The respondent no.2 is the Director of Agricultural Marketing within the meaning of Section 2 (f) of the Act. The respondent no.1State of Maharashtra by exercising its powers under Section 62 of the Act issued a Notification dated 27/9/1987 amending the entries in the Schedule to the said Act, asIn Item III, the following entry shall be added,Splits (Dal) of pulses";(2) In item VI, after the word "Gul", the word "Sugar" shall be inserted;"Sugar" shall be inserted;(3) In item IX, the following entry shall be added,Ghee";(4) after item "XVI" the following items shall be added, namelyWheat flour.XVIII, Dry fruits.XIX, Edible Oils."Consequently, the respondent no.2 issued a notification dated 20/6/1988 in exercise of his powers under Section 4(1) of the Act read with the notification dated 21/8/1976 declaring that the agricultural produce stated in the said notification shall be regulated in the market area of the respondentwith effect from 1/7/1988 and the agricultural produce so incorporated, included edible oils. The respondent no.3, therefore, called upon theto obtain a licence under Section 7 of the Act vide notice dated 6/12/1990. By its reply dated 7/8/1991, thetook a stand that the Act was not applicable to it and the demand made by the respondent no.3 for payment of market fees and supervision charges was illegal. The Company has, therefore, challenged the notifications dated 27/9/1987 and 20/6/1988 and prayed for setting aside both the notifications. It has further prayed for a declaration that the commodity "refined edible oil" does not come within the purview of the Act and that the respondent no.3 has no authority or jurisdiction to call upon theto take out any licence or demand any levy or guarantee of any nature whatsoever from the petitioners and that the petitioner no.1 being the seller of its own industrial products, namely, refined edible oil is not liable to take out any licence or pay any fees or charges as contemplated by any of the provisions of the Act, Rules and

Reasoning: 5. Writ Petition No.6270 of 1996 has been filed by I.V.P. Limited and anr. raising the very same challenge as raised in Writ Petition No.3278 of 1991. M/s. I.V.P. Ltd. is also a public limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the manufacture of edible oils and vanaspati etc. So far as vanaspati is concerned, the respondenthad called upon it to pay the market fees and supervision charges and the said demand has been challenged by M/s. I.V.P. Ltd. in Writ Petition No.353 of 1998 and the same petition has been decided today along with Writ Petition No.1341 of 1998 by us holding that vanaspati is an agricultural produce, the challenge to the notification dated 27/9/1987 is unsustainable, the doctrine of quid pro quo is not applicable for the statutory claim of market fees demanded under Section 31 of the Act. We have also held that the petitioners who are the sellers of vanaspati are traders within the meaning of Section 2(t) and read with Section 31(3) of the Act. We further noted that the decision of this court in the case of Chaware Oil Industries (Supra) is not applicable after Section 31 of the Act came to be amended by Maharashtra Act No.27 of 1987. We have also held that the levy of supervision charges as contemplated under Chapter(Section 34A to 34C) of the Act is not per se recoverable and it is the payment made to the State Government in lieu of the staff appointed by the State Government and, therefore, the demand of supervision charges made by the respondent no.3 has been held to be illegal, for the present. In short, we have upheld the validity of the notification dated 27/9/1987. In Writ Petition No.6270 of 1996, thehas also challenged the demand for supervision charges and the power of Respondent No.3 to recover interest on the payment of market fees etc., by relying upon itsNo.14(A). The grounds of challenge to the impugned notifications and the orders in Writ Petition No.6270 of 1996 are almost the same as have been set out by the very same petitioner in Writ Petition No.353 of 1998 (for vanaspati). Our findings recorded in the common judgment in Writ Petition Nos.353/98 and 1341/98 (Original Side) are applicable in the instant petitions as well.So far as the petitioners challenge to the notification dated 20/6/1988 issued by the respondent no.2 is concerned, the same challenge is no more res integra in view of the decision of this court (DB) in the case of M/s. Daulatram Tikamdas Vs. State of Maharashtra (Writ Petition No.139 of 1990 decided on 17/6/2005) by relying upon the earlier decision of this court dated 10/8/1978 in the case of Popatlal Kisandas Kaga and ors. vs. State of Maharashtra and anr. (Special Civil Application Nos.1477/1972 and 124/1975). The challenge to the notification dated 20/6/1988 issued under Section 4(1) of the Act by the respondent no.2 was rejected by this court in the case of M/s. Daulatram Tikamdas (Supra) and, therefore, the same challenge in these petitions is required to be dismissed.While deciding Writ Petition Nos.353/98 and 1341/98 we have referred to the law laid down by the Apex Court in the case of M/s. Tungabhadra Industries Ltd. vs. Commercial Tax Officer 412) (AIR 1961 SC 412  ). We may usefully reproduce the following observations relating to "edible oils", in the saidraw groundnut oil is converted into refined oil, there is no doubt processing, but this consists merely in removing from raw groundnut oil that constituent part of the raw oil which is not really oil. The elements removed in the refining process consist of free fatty acids, phosphotides and unsaponifiable matter. After the removal of thismatter therefore the oil continues to be groundnut oil and nothing more. The matter removed from the raw groundnut oil not being oil cannot be used, after separation, as oil or for any purpose for which oil could be used. In other words, the processing consists in thecontent of the raw oil being separated and removed, rendering the oily content of the oil 100 per cent. For this reason refined oil continues to be groundnut oil within the meaning of Rule 5(1)(k) and 18(2) notwithstanding that such oil does not possess the characteristic colour, or taste, odour, etc. of the raw groundnut oil."Having regards to the process stages in the production of refined edible oil from the oil seeds as noted hereinabove and the fact that the oil seeds are subjected to undergo these processes so as to produce edible oils, we do not have any hesitation in our mind to hold that edible oils are agricultural produce. There is no doubt that oil seeds which are agricultural produce are listed separately in the notification dated 20/6/1988 as well as in the schedule to the Act but that does not mean that once the oil seeds are subjected to payment of market fees, no demand for market fees can be made on the edible oils produced from such seeds, unless of course it is the case of the petitioners that the oil seeds so procured were subjected to the recovery of market fees by the respondentand not by any other APMCs either in the State of Maharashtra or in the State of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. By following our view in Writ Petition Nos.353/98 and 1341/98 we reject the challenge to the notifications dated 27/9/1987 and 20/6/1988, in the instant petitions.8. In the case of Belsund Sugar Co. Ltd. vs. State of Bihar and ors. (AIR 1999 SC 3125  ) the following observations of the Constitution Bench also support ourfar as the alternative contention is concerned, he submitted that even though wheat is an agricultural produce, atta, maida, suzi manufactured out of the same cannot be said to be agricultural produce as it is a produce of the factory and not of an agriculturist. This contention of Shri Ranjit Kumar also cannot be sustained for the simple reason that agricultural produce as defined by S. 2(1), as already noted earlier, would include all agricultural produce whether processed,or manufactured out of any primary agricultural produce. Wheat is a produce of agriculture, therefore, any product resulting after processing such basic raw material or which results after process of manufacture is carried on qua such basic raw material would remain agricultural produce...."We have already noted that the oil seeds are subjected to the different processes so as to produce "refined edible oils" or "edible oils" and, therefore, the edible oils, in whatever form, are agricultural produce within the meaning of Section 2(1)(a) of the Act.9. While opposing the contentions of the petitioners that the market fees having been paid in the State of Andhra Pradesh or Karnataka, the respondent no.3 cannot demand the same on the sale of refined edible oils, Mr. Singhvi, the learned Sr. Counsel appearing for the respondents rightly relied upon the followingR.K. Porwal vs. State of Maharashtra (AIR 1981 SC 1127  )(b) Ram Chandra Kailash KumarCo. vs. State of U.P. and ors. (AIR 1980 SC 1124  )(c) Mahaluxmi Rice Mills and ors. vs. State of U.P. and ors. (1998) 6 SCC 590  )We may usefully reproduce the following observations made by the Constitution Bench in the case of Ram Chandra Kailash Kumarshall show hereinafter that in a particular market area market fee cannot be levied both in relation to the transaction of purchase and sale of paddy and the rice produced from the same paddy. Fee can be charged only on one transaction. This finds support from the unamended Rules as they are, wherein it is to be found(2) of R.66. But we find nothing in the provisions of the Act or the Rules to warrant the taking of the view that in another market area the Market Committee of that area cannot levy fee on a fresh transaction of sale and purchase taking place in that area. Supposing the Wheat is purchased in market area X by a trader from a producer, fee will be chargeable under Section 17(iii)(b)(2). If the same Wheat is taken to another market area say Y and another transaction of sale and purchase takes place there between a trader and a trader the market fee will be leviable under(3). It is also not correct to say that the agricultural produce must have been produced in the market area in which the first levy is made. It might have been produced in another market area or even outside the State of Uttar Pradesh but if a transaction of sale and purchase takes place of an agricultural produce as defined in the Act and covered by the notification within a particular market area then fee can be charged in relation to the said transaction."