Case: State Of Madras Vs. S. G. Jayaraj Nadar &amp; Sons

Grover, J.1. This is an appeal from a judgment of the madras High Court in a matter arising out of the Madras General Sales Tax Act, 1959, hereinafter called the "Act".2. The assessee is a dealer in motor cars, trucks, scooters, motor spare parts and certain other goods. He returned a turnover of Rs. 42, 09.912-12 for the assessment year 1951-62. The Commercial Tax Officer on scrutiny of accounts determined the turnover at Rs. 68, 06, 331-49. During the assessment proceedings it was found that the assessee had not included in the monthly return in Form A-2, three item of turnover. The first was a sum of Rs. 1, 95, 311-21 relating to delivery charges which the assessee had paid to certain Calcutta dealers from whom he had made purchases of cars, trucks, scooters etc. The second item was of Rs. 2, 21, 247-97 which related to the sales of motor parts. The third item was of Rs. 1, 56, 539-25 being the aggregate of the sale proceeds of firewood. The assessing authority served a notice on the assessee to show cause why these items should not be brought to tax. The assessee filed objections which were rejected. The assessing authority found that the delivery charges paid by the assessee were included in the cost price when the cars, trucks, scooters etc. were sold by it and sales tax at 7% had been collected by the assessee on the delivery charges. As regards the second item it was held that the assessee had failed to maintain separate accounts contrary to the rules in respect of the first sales of parts and as it was not possible to separate the first sales from the general entries in the account books it was necessary to make assessment on best judgment. The assessment was completed but certain penalty was levied on the assessee. The assessee appealed to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner who took the view that the failure of the assessee to disclose the taxable turnover in the monthly returns was due to a bona fide impression on the assesseeâ€™s part that it would be sufficient if correct figures were furnished at the time of the final assessment. He, therefore, imposed a nominal penalty. The Board of Revenue in exercise of its power under sec. 34 of the Act set aside the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. According to the Boardâ€™s finding the failure of the assessee to disclose the turnover in question was deliberate and called for no lenient treatment. An appeal was filed against the order of the Board of Revenue to the Madras High Court. The High Court allowed the appeal so far as the first and third items were concerned. As regards the second item it decided against the assessee.Sec. 12(2) of the Act is in the following terms :"If no return is submitted by the dealer under sub-sec. (1) within the prescribed period, or the return submitted by him appears to the assessing authority to be incomplete or incorrect, the assessing authority shall, after making such enquiry as it may consider necessary, assess the dealer to the best of its judgment :Provided that before taking action under this sub-section the dealer shall be given a reasonable opportunity of proving the correctness or completeness of any return submitted by him".3. The question is whether penalty can be levied while making the assessment under sub-sec. (2) of the above section merely because an incorrect return has been filed. The High Court was of the view that it is only if the assessment has to be made to the best of the judgment of the assessing authority that penalty can be levied. It seems to us that the High Court came to the correct conclusion because sub-secs. (2) and (3) have to be read together. Sub-sec. (2) empowers the assessing authority to assess the dealer to the best of its judgment in two events; (1) if no return has been submitted by the dealer under sub-sec. (1) within the prescribed period and (ii) if the return submitted by him appears to be incomplete. Sub-sec. (3) empowers the assessing authority to levy the penalty only when it makes an assessment under sub-sec. (2). In other words when the assessing authority has made the assessment to the best of its judgment, it can levy a penalty. It is well known that the best judgment assessment has to be on an estimate which the assessing authority has to make not capriciously but on settled and recognised principles of Justice. An element of guess work is bound to be present in best judgment assessment but it must have a reasonable nexus to the available material and the circumstances of each case. (See The State of Kerala vs. C. Velukutty). Where account books are accepted along with other records there can be no ground for making a best judgment assessment.4. In the present case the High Court found that the turnovers involved in the first and the third items were not determined on the basis of any estimate of best judgment. The quantum of turnovers in respect of both these items were based on the assesseeâ€™s account books. It has almost been conceded on behalf of the Revenue before us that the determination of the turnovers relating to the aforesaid two items was made from the entries in the books of account of the assessee. The true position, therefore, was that certain items which had not been included in the turnover shown in the returns filed by the assessee were discovered from his own account books and the assessing authority included those items in his total turnover.

Court's decision (1 = petition accepted / positive for appellant, 0 = rejected / negative): 0

Reasoning from the judgment:
0[ds]The High Court was of the view that it is only if the assessment has to be made to the best of the judgment of the assessing authority that penalty can be levied.It seems to us that the High Court came to the correct conclusion because sub-secs. (2) and (3) have to be read together. Sub-sec. (2) empowers the assessing authority to assess the dealer to the best of its judgment in two events; (1) if no return has been submitted by the dealer under sub-sec. (1) within the prescribed period and (ii) if the return submitted by him appears to be incomplete. Sub-sec. (3) empowers the assessing authority to levy the penalty only when it makes an assessment under sub-sec. (2). In other words when the assessing authority has made the assessment to the best of its judgment, it can levy a penalty. It is well known that the best judgment assessment has to be on an estimate which the assessing authority has to make not capriciously but on settled and recognised principles of Justice. An element of guess work is bound to be present in best judgment assessment but it must have a reasonable nexus to the available material and the circumstances of eachaccount books are accepted along with other records there can be no ground for making a best judgment assessment.4. In the present case the High Court found that the turnovers involved in the first and the third items were not determined on the basis of any estimate of best judgment. The quantum of turnovers in respect of both these items were based on the assesseeâ€™s account books. It has almost been conceded on behalf of the Revenue before us that the determination of the turnovers relating to the aforesaid two items was made from the entries in the books of account of the assessee. The true position, therefore, was that certain items which had not been included in the turnover shown in the returns filed by the assessee were discovered from his own account books and the assessing authority included those items in his totalseems to us that the High Court came to the correct conclusion because(2) and (3) have to be read together.(2) empowers the assessing authority to assess the dealer to the best of its judgment in two events; (1) if no return has been submitted by the dealer under(1) within the prescribed period and (ii) if the return submitted by him appears to be incomplete.(3) empowers the assessing authority to levy the penalty only when it makes an assessment under(2). In other words when the assessing authority has made the assessment to the best of its judgment, it can levy a penalty. It is well known that the best judgment assessment has to be on an estimate which the assessing authority has to make not capriciously but on settled and recognised principles of Justice. An element of guess work is bound to be present in best judgment assessment but it must have a reasonable nexus to the available material and the circumstances of eachcase. (See The State of Kerala vs. C. Velukutty). Whereaccount books are accepted along with other records there can be no ground for making a best judgment assessment.4. In the present case the High Court found that the turnovers involved in the first and the third items were not determined on the basis of any estimate of best judgment. The quantum of turnovers in respect of both these items were based on the assesseeâ€™s account books. It has almost been conceded on behalf of the Revenue before us that the determination of the turnovers relating to the aforesaid two items was made from the entries in the books of account of the assessee. The true position, therefore, was that certain items which had not been included in the turnover shown in the returns filed by the assessee were discovered from his own account books and the assessing authority included those items in his total