Case: COMMISSIONER OF CENTRAL EXCISE, DELHI-III Vs. KAP CONES

approval, as we perceive, is in favour of the assesses as the mandate is that the Committee of Chief Commissioners would apply its mind before recommending to file an appeal, for frivolous and unnecessary appeals are not filed. In fact, the provision has been enacted to prevent filing of unwarranted and undeserving appeals. Simultaneously, it also engrafts a procedure by which there is assured transparency and objectivity against loss of revenue and an erroneous decision goes on unchallenged. In that event, it would affect the fundamental sanctity behind the apposite fiscal principle, which is an inseparable part of good governance. 24. There can be no scintilla of doubt that an order passed or decision taken Under Section 35-E by the Board/Committee of Chief Commissioners is the date of the order or decision. It is not a quasi-judicial order determining a dispute or rights of parties, for there is no adjudication. We have already referred to the proviso that has been added to Sub-section (3) to Section 35-E by Finance Act, 2014 wherein it is stipulated that the Board has the power to extend the time for passing an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) by a period of 30 days. We are disposed to think as it is evident that the legislature is aware of the fact that there can be delay in filing of the appeals in spite of the time limit and procedure prescribed in Section 35-E of the Act and, therefore, Section 35-B(4) has been made applicable to the Appellants preferred after necessary approval/sanction/direction Under Section 35-E of the Act. The reduction of the period has ensured equality and parity between the appeals, one preferred by the Assessee and the other preferred by the revenue. The only thing is that the appeal preferred by the revenue has to be after satisfaction of conditions mentioned in Section 35-E of the Act. It is difficult to conceive that after the amendment brought in by the Finance Act, 2008 that the legislative intent is to put the revenue or the State at a disadvantage. It is not the intention of the legislature to deny and prevent the revenue from preferring an appeal which is barred by limitation or the delay in preferring an appeal cannot be condoned even if sufficient cause is shown. If such an interpretation is placed after 2008 amendment, it would be counter productive and not in consonance with the legislative intent which is clear as Section 35-B(4) has been made applicable to appeals which are preferred after taking recourse to the mechanism provided Under Section 35-E. 25. As stated earlier, we must advert to the proviso inserted to Sub-section (3) to Section 35-E by the Finance Act, 2014. The said proviso has a different purport. It empowers the Board to extend the time of passing of an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) by a period of 30 days. Once an order has been passed by the Board in exercise of the said power under the proviso, there would be no need and necessity to file an application seeking condonation of delay for the periods specified, which cannot exceed 30 days. The insertion of the said proviso by Finance Act, 2014 does not negate and is not contrary to the legislative mandate by Section 35-E as it existed prior to or after insertion of the said proviso. 26. Learned Counsel has commended us to the decision in Commissioner of Customs and Central Excise v. Hongo India Private Limited and Anr. (2009) 5 SCC 791. In the said case, the Court was dealing with Section 35-H which relates to limitation for filing a reference to the High Court. In view of the specific language of the said provision which provided only for 180 days period or no further period for filing of a reference, it had been held that the period is not extendable but absolute and in that context it had been held Section 5 of the Limitation Act would not be applicable. Thus, the authority in the said case is distinguishable. Be it noted, the said situation having changed by inserting Sub-Section 3A in Section 35-H of the Central Excise Act w.e.f. 1.7.1999. 27. At this juncture, we think it appropriate to refer to the Full Bench decision of the tribunal in Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. (supra). In the said case, interpreting the provisions, the Full Bench of the tribunal has recorded the following conclusion: The Tribunal has ample power to condone the delay in filing the appeal including the one filed Under Section 35E(4) of the said Act. The period which can be condoned in relation to filing of the appeal Under Section 35E(4) of the said Act would include the period availed by the review committee in terms of Section 35E(1) or 35E(2) of the said Act. As regards the appeals by the Department in terms of Section 35E(4), the same should be filed within one month from the date of communication of the order Under Sub-section (1) or Sub-section (2) of the said section but not beyond four months from the date of communication of order of the adjudicating authority to the review committee. In case there is any delay in this regard, the same can be condoned in exercise of powers Under Section 35B(5), on being satisfied about sufficient cause for such delay and power to condone the delay would include the period availed Under Section 35E(1) or (2) by the reviewing committee to decide about filing of the appeal. 28. In our considered opinion, the analysis made by the Full Bench is correct in view of the opinion expressed by us in the preceding paragraph and accordingly we hold the said view to the correct. We are obliged to note with profit that the members deciding the lis by the impugned order should have kept themselves abreast to the Full Bench decision of the tribunal so that there would not have been two views as regards the same proposition.

Decision (1 = appeal accepted, 0 = rejected): 1

Explanation:
1[ds]9. It is necessary to state at the beginning that there is no cavil over the factual scenario. Therefore, we are only required to scrutinise in the statutory backdrop and regard being had to the amendments from time to time and the proposition stated in the authority in M.M. Rubber (supra) whether tribunal has jurisdiction to condone the delay in such a circumstance. We need not have to address the extent of delay and sufficiency of the cause stated in the application for condonation of delay, for the centripetal issue that has arisen for consideration in singularityis whether the tribunal has the jurisdiction or authority to condone the delay.18. It is apt to note here that the controversy in the instant case is governed by the 2008 amendments. We have referred to 2014 amendment, as by the said amendment it has been stipulated that the Board has power to extend the time for passing an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) by a period of 30 days. We shall overt to the impact of the same at a later stage.19. At this juncture, it is necessary to state that the Appellate Tribunal has been conferred power Under Sub-Section 5 to admit an appeal after the expiry of the period referred to in Sub-Section 3 of the said Section. The tribunal, as has been stated earlier, has ruled that it has no jurisdiction as the competent authority had not passed the order within the period of three months and there was delay of eight days on its part. For the aforesaid view, it has relied upon the decision in M.M. Rubber (supra). The question that arose for consideration therein was what was the relevant date for the purpose of calculation of the period of one year provided Under Section 35E(1)? In the said case, it was contended before the tribunal by the Assessee that the relevant date of the Collectors (adjudicating authority) order for the purposes of Section 35E(3) should be taken as November 28, 1984, the date when the order was passed and not December 21, 1984 when it was received by the Department and on that basis the order of the Board Under Section 35E(1) of the Act should be held as beyond the period of one year from the date of decision or order of the adjudicating authority and, therefore, the application before the tribunal Under Section 35E(4) of the Act was incompetent. The tribunal accepted the said contention and held that application was not maintainable.20. Before this Court, it was contended by the revenue that mere writing an order in file kept in the office is no order in the eyes of law and, therefore, limitation would start only from the date of receipt of the order by the revenue. A submission was also canvassed that departmental authorities and the private Respondents are to be treated equally as aggrieved persons for the purposes of calculating the time for making the direction Under Section 35E(3) of the Act. The Court scanned the anatomy of Section 35 especially Section 35E and proceeded to interpret the words from the date of decision or order. In that context, the Court referred to number of authorities and proceeded to state thus:12. It may be seen therefore, that, if an authority is authorised to exercise a power or do an act affecting the rights of parties, he shall exercise that power within the period of limitation prescribed therefor. The order or decision of such authority comes into force or becomes operative or becomes an effective order or decision on and from the date when it is signed by him. The date of such order or decision is the date on which the order or decision was passed or made: that is to say when he ceases to have any authority to tear it off and draft a different order and when he ceases to have any locus paetentiae. Normally that happens when the order or decision is made public or notified in some form or when it can be said to have left his hand. The date of communication of the order to the party whose rights are affected is not the relevant date for purposes of determining whether the power has been exercised within the prescribed time.13. So far as the party who is affected by the order or decision for seeking his remedies against the same, he should be made aware of passing of such order. Therefore courts have uniformly laid down as a rule of law that for seeking the remedy the limitation starts from the date on which the order was communicated to him or the date on which it was pronounced or published under such circumstances that the parties affected by it have a reasonable opportunity of knowing of passing of the order and what it contains. The knowledge of the party affected by such a decision, either actual or constructive is thus an essential element which must be satisfied before the decision can be said to have been concluded and binding on him. Otherwise the party affected by it will have no means of obeying the order or acting in conformity with it or of appealing against it or otherwise having it set aside.After so stating, the Court proceeded to hold thus:18. Thus if the intention or design of the statutory provision was to protect the interest of the person adversely affected, by providing a remedy against the order or decision any period of limitation prescribed with reference to invoking such remedy shall be read as commencing from the date of communication of the order. But if it is a limitation for a competent authority to make an order the date of exercise of that power and in the case of exercise of suo moto power over the subordinate authorities orders, the date on which such power was exercised by making an order are the relevant dates for determining the limitation. The ratio of this distinction may also be founded on the principle that the government is bound by the proceedings of its officers but persons affected are not concluded by the decision.21. After so stating, the three-Judge Bench opined that Section 35-E comes under the latter category of an authority exercising its own powers under the Act. It is not correct to equate the Board, as contended by the revenue, to one of the two parties to a quasi-judicial proceeding. The Court further held that the power Under Section 35-E is a power of superintendence conferred on a superior authority to ensure that the subordinate officers exercise their powers under the Act correctly and properly and, therefore, it is not correct to equate the Board to one of the two parties to a quasi-judicial proceeding before the Collector and the Boards right Under Section 35-E to the exercise of the right of appeal by an aggrieved Assessee from an order passed to its prejudice, and, therefore, when a time limit is provided for exercise of such a power, that should be exercised within specified period from the date of the order sought to be reconsidered. After so observing, the Court proceeded to state thus:...To hold to the contrary would be inequitable and will also introduce uncertainties into the administration of the Act for the following reason. There appears to be no provision in the Act requiring the endorsement, by a Collector, of all orders passed by him to the Board. If there is such a practice in fact or requirement in law, the period of one year from the date of the order is more than adequate to ensure action in appropriate cases particularly in comparison with the much shorter period an Assessee has within which to exercise his right of appeal. If, on the other hand, there is no such requirement or practice and the period within which the Board can interfere is left to depend on the off-chance of the Board coming to know of the existence of a particular order at some point of time, however distant, only administrative chaos can result. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the period of one year fixed Under Sub-section (3) of Section 35-E of the Act should be given its literal meaning and so construed the impugned direction of the Board was beyond the period of limitation prescribed therein and therefore invalid and ineffective.23. Thus, as per the scheme of the Act, Sub-section (4) of Section 35-B(5) of the Act authorises the appellate tribunal to admit an appeal or permit filing of memorandum of cross-objections after expiry of relevant period if the tribunal is satisfied there was sufficient cause for not presenting the appeal within that period. As stated earlier, the power Under Sub-section (4) of Section 35-B has been made applicable to appeals preferred following the administrative procedure prescribed Under Section 35-E of the Act. The statutory position as it existed in 1984, as we find, has undergone a change by the amendment made under the Finance Act, 2008. Under the changed circumstances, it would not be appropriate to restrict and bar an application of the provisions of Sub-section (4) of Section 35-E to the period after passing of an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) of Section 35-E of the Act. We are inclined to think so as the amendment made by the Finance Act, 2008, the legislature, in effect, has equated the period of limitation prescribed Under Sub-section (3) of Section 35-E with the period prescribed for the Committee of the Chief Commissions Under Section 35-E of the Act. Earlier, that is, before the Finance Act, 2005, the legislature had prescribed and given a longer period of limitation to the Board or the Committee of the Chief Commissioners which could be two years or one year. The said extended period or concession granted to the Board or the Committee of Chief Commissioners was withdrawn by the Finance Act, 2008. The only concession available to the revenue is the additional period of one month. The postulates regarding approval, as we perceive, is in favour of the assesses as the mandate is that the Committee of Chief Commissioners would apply its mind before recommending to file an appeal, for frivolous and unnecessary appeals are not filed. In fact, the provision has been enacted to prevent filing of unwarranted and undeserving appeals. Simultaneously, it also engrafts a procedure by which there is assured transparency and objectivity against loss of revenue and an erroneous decision goes on unchallenged. In that event, it would affect the fundamental sanctity behind the apposite fiscal principle, which is an inseparable part of good governance.24. There can be no scintilla of doubt that an order passed or decision taken Under Section 35-E by the Board/Committee of Chief Commissioners is the date of the order or decision. It is not a quasi-judicial order determining a dispute or rights of parties, for there is no adjudication. We have already referred to the proviso that has been added to Sub-section (3) to Section 35-E by Finance Act, 2014 wherein it is stipulated that the Board has the power to extend the time for passing an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) by a period of 30 days. We are disposed to think as it is evident that the legislature is aware of the fact that there can be delay in filing of the appeals in spite of the time limit and procedure prescribed in Section 35-E of the Act and, therefore, Section 35-B(4) has been made applicable to the Appellants preferred after necessary approval/sanction/direction Under Section 35-E of the Act. The reduction of the period has ensured equality and parity between the appeals, one preferred by the Assessee and the other preferred by the revenue. The only thing is that the appeal preferred by the revenue has to be after satisfaction of conditions mentioned in Section 35-E of the Act. It is difficult to conceive that after the amendment brought in by the Finance Act, 2008 that the legislative intent is to put the revenue or the State at a disadvantage. It is not the intention of the legislature to deny and prevent the revenue from preferring an appeal which is barred by limitation or the delay in preferring an appeal cannot be condoned even if sufficient cause is shown. If such an interpretation is placed after 2008 amendment, it would be counter productive and not in consonance with the legislative intent which is clear as Section 35-B(4) has been made applicable to appeals which are preferred after taking recourse to the mechanism provided Under Section 35-E.25. As stated earlier, we must advert to the proviso inserted to Sub-section (3) to Section 35-E by the Finance Act, 2014. The said proviso has a different purport. It empowers the Board to extend the time of passing of an order Under Sub-sections (1) and (2) by a period of 30 days. Once an order has been passed by the Board in exercise of the said power under the proviso, there would be no need and necessity to file an application seeking condonation of delay for the periods specified, which cannot exceed 30 days. The insertion of the said proviso by Finance Act, 2014 does not negate and is not contrary to the legislative mandate by Section 35-E as it existed prior to or after insertion of the said proviso.26. Learned Counsel has commended us to the decision in Commissioner of Customs and Central Excise v. Hongo India Private Limited and Anr. (2009) 5 SCC 791.In the said case, the Court was dealing with Section 35-H which relates to limitation for filing a reference to the High Court. In view of the specific language of the said provision which provided only for 180 days period or no further period for filing of a reference, it had been held that the period is not extendable but absolute and in that context it had been held Section 5 of the Limitation Act would not be applicable. Thus, the authority in the said case is distinguishable. Be it noted, the said situation having changed by inserting Sub-Section 3A in Section 35-H of the Central Excise Act w.e.f. 1.7.1999.27. At this juncture, we think it appropriate to refer to the Full Bench decision of the tribunal in Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. (supra). In the said case, interpreting the provisions, the Full Bench of the tribunal has recorded the following conclusion:The Tribunal has ample power to condone the delay in filing the appeal including the one filed Under Section 35E(4) of the said Act. The period which can be condoned in relation to filing of the appeal Under Section 35E(4) of the said Act would include the period availed by the review committee in terms of Section 35E(1) or 35E(2) of the said Act. As regards the appeals by the Department in terms of Section 35E(4), the same should be filed within one month from the date of communication of the order Under Sub-section (1) or Sub-section (2) of the said section but not beyond four months from the date of communication of order of the adjudicating authority to the review committee. In case there is any delay in this regard, the same can be condoned in exercise of powers Under Section 35B(5), on being satisfied about sufficient cause for such delay and power to condone the delay would include the period availed Under Section 35E(1) or (2) by the reviewing committee to decide about filing of the appeal.28. In our considered opinion, the analysis made by the Full Bench is correct in view of the opinion expressed by us in the preceding paragraph and accordingly we hold the said view to the correct. We are obliged to note with profit that the members deciding the lis by the impugned order should have kept themselves abreast to the Full Bench decision of the tribunal so that there would not have been two views as regards the same proposition.