Case: Mamoo Vs. Ramunni

tenant includes a kanomdar. S.13 provides that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, custom, usage or contract or in any decree or order of court, every tenant shall have fixity of tenure in respect of his holding, and no land from the holding shall be resumed except as provided in S.14 to 22 of the Act. The only question in this appeal is whether the contesting defendants are kanomdars and therefore tenants within the meaning of the Act.5. The contesting defendants claimed (1) that the rights granted by Mayan to Baithan under the deed (Ex. A-3) dated February 5, 1929 are kanom rights, and (2) the deed (Ex. B-2) dated February 27, 1941 operates as a valid assignment of the aforesaid kanom rights by Baithan to defendants 1 to 5.6. Mr. Viswanatha Sastry contended that the rights granted by Ex. A-3 were rights of a usufructuary mortgagee, and were not kanom rights. We think that this contention is not open to Mr. Viswanatha Sastry. In the High Court, the appellants expressly conceded that Ex. A-3 was a kanom within the meaning of the Kerala Agrarian Relations Act, 1960. The definition of kanom in S.2(22) of the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963 is for all practical purposes the same as the definition of kanom in S.2(18) of the Kerala Agrarian Relation Act, 1960. Having regard to the admissions made by the appellants in the High Court, it must be held that Ex. A-3 was a kanom within the meaning of the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963.7. Mr. Viswanatha Sastry next contended that Ex. B-2 is a deed of surrender and cannot be construed as a deed of assignment of the kanom rights in favour of defendants 1 to 5. Now, Ex. B-2 is styled release deed in respect of kanom right, and its operative part reads as follows:"Since I have this day received to satisfaction in ready cash the sum of Rs. 935 made up of the above balance purappad of Rs. 135 and the kanom amount of Rs. 800, and which you have paid to me, the entire rights, liabilities, and claims belonging to me under the aforesaid kanom deed No. 266 and marupat deed No. 267, have been surrendered to you."It may be noticed that the kanom deed No. 266 is Ex. A-3 and the marupat deed No. 267 is Ex. A-4.8. Exhibit B-2 was registered. It was executed for a consideration paid by defendants 1 to 5 to Baithan. It discloses an intention to transfer the kanom rights of Baithan to defendants 1 to 5; its operative words are capable of passing the title, and on its true construction, it operates as an assignment. Mr. Viswanatha Sastry suggested that Ex. B-2 was stamped as a release and not as an assignment. But the paper book does not disclose the amount of the stamp paid on it. Moreover, the nomenclature of the deed and the amount of the stamp paid on it, though relevant, are not conclusive on the question of construction.9. In Mussumat Oodey Koowur v. Mussumat Ladoo (1870) 13 M.I.A. 585, the Privy Council held that a petition admitting that the petitioner had no claim to a certain estate did not operate as a conveyance of her subsequently acquired title, the petition having been filed in a pending suit by a petitioner having no present interest in the estate with a view to avoid an objection as to want of parties, and without receiving any consideration for the transfer of her future title. This case is an authority for the proposition that a bare admission in a document that the executant has no interest in a property, made without any consideration cannot pass his subsequently acquired title to the property. In Jadu Nath Poddar v. Rup Lal Poddar (1906) ILR. 33 Cal. 967, 983, 984, Dharam Chand v. Mauji Sahu (1912) 16 C.L.J. 436, Marak Lall v. Magoo Lall (1915) 22 C. L. J. 380, & Mathuramohan Saha v. Ram Kumar Saha (1915) 20 C.W.N. 370, 378, Mookerjee, J. held that a deed of release or relinquishment could not operate as a conveyance and could at most be taken as an admission that the executant had no interest in the property. But those cases do not lay down a proposition of universal application that a deed styled a deed of release cannot operate as a conveyance. In Hemendra Nath Mukherji v. Kumar Nath Roy 12 C.W.N. 478, by a registered deed called a deed of disclaimer the executants relinquished all their right, title and interest and claim in the properties in favour of the releasee upon the condition that the releasee would discharge certain debts and the executants would be under no liability to pay those debts. Though the deed was stamped only as a release and not with ad valorem stamp, Maclean, C.J. held that on its true construction it was a transfer. We think that a registered instrument styled a release deed releasing the right, title and interest of the executant in any property in favour of the releasee for valuable consideration may operate as a conveyance, if the document clearly discloses an intention to effect a transfer. In the instant case, Ex. B-2 clearly discloses an intention to transfer all the rights of Baithan to defendants 1 to 5, and though the word "surrender" is used and though the deed is styled a release deed, it operates as an assignment.10. In view of this finding, it must follow that the kanom rights under Ex. A-3 were duly vested in defendants 1 to 5, and they became the kanomdars, and consequently, they are protected from evictionunder the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963.11. In view of this conclusion, it is not necessary to consider whether Ex. A-8 operated as an assignment of Korans leasehold rights in respect of items 3, 4 and 5 of the suit properties in favour of Abubacker and whether Ex. A-10 operated as a sub-lease by Abubacker to Raman.

Decision (1 = appeal accepted, 0 = rejected): 0

Explanation:
0[ds]We think that this contention is not open to Mr. Viswanatha Sastry. In the High Court, the appellants expressly conceded that Ex.was a kanom within the meaning of the Kerala Agrarian Relations Act, 1960. The definition of kanom in S.2(22) of the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963 is for all practical purposes the same as the definition of kanom in S.2(18) of the Kerala Agrarian Relation Act, 1960. Having regard to the admissions made by the appellants in the High Court, it must be held that Ex.was a kanom within the meaning of the Kerala Land Reforms Act,the paper book does not disclose the amount of the stamp paid on it. Moreover, the nomenclature of the deed and the amount of the stamp paid on it, though relevant, are not conclusive on the question ofthink that a registered instrument styled a release deed releasing the right, title and interest of the executant in any property in favour of the releasee for valuable consideration may operate as a conveyance, if the document clearly discloses an intention to effect a transfer. In the instant case, Ex.clearly discloses an intention to transfer all the rights of Baithan to defendants 1 to 5, and though the word "surrender" is used and though the deed is styled a release deed, it operates as an assignment.was registered. It was executed for a consideration paid by defendants 1 to 5 to Baithan. It discloses an intention to transfer the kanom rights of Baithan to defendants 1 to 5; its operative words are capable of passing the title, and on its true construction, it operates as an assignment.think that a registered instrument styled a release deed releasing the right, title and interest of the executant in any property in favour of the releasee for valuable consideration may operate as a conveyance, if the document clearly discloses an intention to effect a transfer. In the instant case, Ex.clearly discloses an intention to transfer all the rights of Baithan to defendants 1 to 5, and though the word "surrender" is used and though the deed is styled a release deed, it operates as an assignment.In view of this finding, it must follow that the kanom rights under Ex.were duly vested in defendants 1 to 5, and they became the kanomdars, and consequently, they are protected from evictionunder the Kerala Land Reforms Act, 1963.11. In view of this conclusion, it is not necessary to consider whether Ex.operated as an assignment of Korans leasehold rights in respect of items 3, 4 and 5 of the suit properties in favour of Abubacker and whether Ex.operated as aby Abubacker to Raman.