Case: Abdul Kadir Shamsuddin Bubere Vs. Madhav Prabhakar Oak

We are clearly of opinion that merely because some allegations have been made that accounts are not correct or that certain items are exaggerated and so on that is not enough to induce the court to refuse to make a reference to arbitration. It is only in cases of allegations of fraud of a serious nature that the court will refuse as decided in Russells case (1880) 14 Ch D 471 to order an arbitration agreement to be filed and will not make a reference. We may in this connection refer to Minifie v. Railway Passengers Assurance Co., (1881) 44 LT 552. There the question was whether certain proceedings should be stayed; and it was held that notwithstanding the fact that the issue and the evidence in support of it might bear upon the conduct of a certain person and of those who attended him and so might involve a question similar to that of fraud or no fraud, that was no ground for refusing stay. It is only when serious allegations of fraud are made which it is desirable should be tried in open court that a court would be justified in refusing to order the arbitration agreement to be filed and in refusing to make a reference. 18. Let us therefore turn to the allegations in this case to see what their nature is. These allegations are that (i) the accounts were not made up to date, and even on demand by the respondents, the appellant did not bring them up to date; (ii) the statements of accounts which were shown by the appellant were not complete and did not appear to be correct; and (iii) the whole stock of goods was not to be found therein and the debit items appeared to be exaggerated and incorrect. These were the only allegations with respect to the accounts in the application and they do not in our opinion amount to serious allegations of fraud against the appellant which would necessitate that there should be a trial in open court. Such allegation as to the correctness or otherwise of entries in the accounts are often made in accounts suits; but they in our opinion are not such serious allegations of fraud as to induce a court to order that the arbitration agreement should not be filed and no reference should be made. Besides these allegations as to accounts the respondents also said that an injunction should be granted restraining the appellant from removing the stock so as to avoid misappropriation thereof pending the appointment of a receiver. That was not an actual allegation of misappropriation; it merely said that the respondents were afraid that there might be misappropriation in future unless an injunction was issued and a receiver appointed. Further in the affidavit in support of the application for appointment of receiver after referring to their own conclusions from the state of accounts, the respondents said that they had not received the true and complete account of the felling of the jungle, ready goods, the goods sold and the goods in balance from the appellant. They also said that they suspected that on their conclusions from the accounts supplied to them, there might be misappropriation of the goods and of money. They further alleged that in the accounts shown to them, the sale of charcoal was shown at a rate much lower than the prevailing market rate and under these circumstances the respondents apprehended that if the work of the sale of goods remained in the hand of the appellant the real price of the goods would not be realised. There is no allegation, however, that in actual fact the appellant had made secret profits by selling goods at a higher price and showing a lower price in the account. The respondents pointed the entries in the account which owed the lower rate of the sale price in support of their apprehension that if the work of sale of goods remained in the hand of the appellant the real price would not in future be realised. A perusal therefore of the application under S. 20 and the affidavit filed in support of the application for appointment of receiver does not disclose any serious allegations of fraud against the appellant. What it discloses is that the respondents were not satisfied with the accounts submitted to them and were suspicious that they did not disclose the true and complete state of affairs. Such allegations, as we have already remarked are often made in account suits and if they were to be sufficient ground for not referring an account suit to arbitration, on the ground of fraud, hardly any arbitration agreement in a matter in which accounting would be necessary could be referred to arbitration. That is why we emphasise that even in the leading case of Russel, (1880) 14 Ch D 471, the learned Master of the Rolls was at pains to point out that it could not necessarily be said in a case of accounts that no reference to arbitration should be made, even though questions relating to accounts which might involve misconduct amounting even to dishonesty on the part of some partner might arise in the arbitration proceedings and even cases where moral dishonesty or moral misconduct is attributed to one party or the other might be referred to arbitration. It seems to us that every allegation tending to suggest or imply moral dishonesty or moral misconduct in the matter of keeping accounts would not amount to such serious allegation of fraud as would impel a court to refuse to order the arbitration agreement to be filed and refuse to make a reference. Looking to the allegations which have been made in this case we are of opinion that there are no such serious allegations of fraud in this case as would be sufficient for the court to say that there is sufficient cause for not referring the dispute to arbitration. This contention of the appellant must also therefore fail.

Decision (1 = appeal accepted, 0 = rejected): 0

Explanation:
0[ds]If that is so, there could be no objection on this ground to the filing of the arbitration agreement; but even if that is not so, we are of opinion that that is no ground in the circumstances of this case for not referring the dispute to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration clause in the agreement of February 27, 1953. Babaji had a brother Yeshwant and Anant is his son. It is not disputed that Babaji was holding eight annas share in the forest on behalf of the Joint family consisting of himself and his nephew Anant, and his personal share in it was half, i.e., four annas. On his death his personal share would go to his widow Ambikabai while Anant would have the remaining half. Anant appears to be the eldest male member of the family now alive. Therefore, in a sense the High Court was right in holding that Anant would represent the entire interest of the joint family which consisted of eight annas share in this forest. But even if this was not so because at one stage at any rate Ambikabai was also a party to the agreement of May 5, 1952, we can see no reason why the dispute as between the appellant and the respondents should not be referred to arbitration. The share of Ambikabai as we have already stated above is not in dispute. Ambikabai was not a party to the agreement of February 27, 1953, though she was a party to the agreement dated May 5, 1952. The appellant was also a party to the earlier agreement of May 1952 and knew that Ambikabai had a share in this forest. Even so, he entered into the agreement of February 27, 1953, with the two respondents and agreed to the disputes between him and the respondents being referred to arbitration. We fall to see how he can now say that the disputes between him and the respondents should not be referred to arbitration because Ambikabai was not a party to the agreement of February 1953. The reason why Ambikabai did not join in the application under S. 20 was that she was not a party to the agreement of February 1953 and could not therefore apply under S,.20; but that is no reason why the dispute between the appellant and the two respondents should not be referred to arbitration, particularly when there is no dispute as to the share of Ambikabai in this forest. All that would happen would be that the arbitrator would decide the dispute between the appellant and the respondents and give an award leaving out the share of Ambikabai, the extent of which is not in dispute. The matter might have been different if the share of Ambikabai was in dispute; but as the share of Ambikabai and its extent are not in dispute, the arbitrator can go into accounts and give an award with respect to the parties before him, leaving out the four annas share of Ambikabai. We see no reason why where parties entered into an arbitration agreement of this nature knowing full well that there was another person who was interested but leaving her out, the court should not send the parties to the forum chosen by them, even if the other person who might be interested and whose share is not in dispute cannot be made party before the arbitrator. We are therefore of opinion that even if Anant may not be able to represent the interest of Ambikabai in the arbitration proceedings that will follow in this case, that is no reason for not giving effect to the arbitration clause in the agreement of February 27, 1953 as between the parties to that agreement. The contention therefore of the appellant on this point must fail10. Re. (2)- It is true that in the application under S.20 the respondents have asked for the agreement of February 27, 1953 to be filed in court and the dispute in connection with that agreement and the agreement of October 22, 1948 to be referred to arbitration, and have not specifically asked for reference of the agreement of May 5, 1952, even though it was included in the agreement of February 1953. But as already indicated, the agreement of May 1952 is merely in confirmation of the agreement of 1948 and when the arbitrator goes into the dispute between the parties he will necessarily have to refer to the agreement of May 1952, so far as it is relevant. The agreement of May 1952 had to be entered into because of the death of Babaji. It is merely supplementary to the main agreement which is of October 22, 1948. In the circumstances when the dispute is referred to the arbitrator under the agreement of February 1953, with respect to the agreement of October 1948, the arbitrator will be entitled to look into the confirmatory agreement of 1952, for the main agreement was that of October 1948. We agree with the view of the trial court in this connection that the pleadings in muffasal courts cannot be considered too strictly; even the trial court was prepared in case the matter should be referred to arbitrator to ask the arbitrator to consider also the agreement of May 1952. The agreement of May 1952 would have to be considered by any arbitrator who is going into the dispute arising out of the agreement of October 1948. In the circumstances we are of opinion that it cannot be said that the reference desired in this case is piecemeal and splits up the cause of action. The contention of the appellant on this score must also fail11. Re. (3)- The contention under this head is that the dispute sought to be referred was not covered by the arbitration clause. We have already set out the arbitration clause and as we read it we find it is of very wide import, It provides for reference to arbitration of all disputes arising out of agreements of October 22, 1948, May 5, 1952 and February 27, 1953. It also provides for reference of all disputes arising out of the jungle cutting or export or in any other way in view of this wide language of the arbitration clause it cannot be possibly said that the dispute. which has been raised in the present case is outside the terms of the arbitration clauseThese words do not in our opinion in any way cut down the wide amplitude of the arbitration clause; at the best they can only mean that the appellant was free to raise the contentions which he had raised in this letter for the decision of the arbitrator. Nor do these words confine the agreement of February, 1953, only to the dispute arising out of the agreement with Divkar as contended for on behalf of the appellant. We are therefore of opinion that the dispute raised in this case is covered by the arbitration clause, and the contention of the appellant in this behalf must also fail12. Re. (4)- We now turn to the question of fraud.It is neither necessary nor desirable to lay down in general terms what would be sufficient cause which would entitle a court to refuse to order the agreement to be filed and thus refuse to make an order of reference. The court will have to decide on the facts of each case whether sufficient cause has been made out for not ordering the agreement to be filed and not making the order of reference14. This case certainly lays down that where allegations of fraud are made, the party against whom such allegations are made may successfully resist the reference to arbitration17. There is no doubt that where serious allegations of fraud are made against a party and the party who is charged with fraud desires that the matter should be tried in open court, that would be a sufficient cause for the court not to order an arbitration agreement to be filed and not to make the reference. But it is not every allegation imputing some kind of dishonesty, particularly in matters of accounts, which would be enough to dispose a court to take the matter out of the forum which the parties themselves have chosen. This to our mind is clear even from the decision in Russells case (1880) 14 Ch D 471. In that case there were allegations of constructive and actual fraud by one brother against the other and it was in those circumstances that the court made the observations to which we have referred aboveWe are clearly of opinion that merely because some allegations have been made that accounts are not correct or that certain items are exaggerated and so on that is not enough to induce the court to refuse to make a reference to arbitration. It is only in cases of allegations of fraud of a serious nature that the court will refuse as decided in Russells case (1880) 14 Ch D 471 to order an arbitration agreement to be filed and will not make a reference.These were the only allegations with respect to the accounts in the application and they do not in our opinion amount to serious allegations of fraud against the appellant which would necessitate that there should be a trial in open court. Such allegation as to the correctness or otherwise of entries in the accounts are often made in accounts suits; but they in our opinion are not such serious allegations of fraud as to induce a court to order that the arbitration agreement should not be filed and no reference should be made. Besides these allegations as to accounts the respondents also said that an injunction should be granted restraining the appellant from removing the stock so as to avoid misappropriation thereof pending the appointment of a receiver. That was not an actual allegation of misappropriation; it merely said that the respondents were afraid that there might be misappropriation in future unless an injunction was issued and a receiver appointed. Further in the affidavit in support of the application for appointment of receiver after referring to their own conclusions from the state of accounts, the respondents said that they had not received the true and complete account of the felling of the jungle, ready goods, the goods sold and the goods in balance from the appellant. They also said that they suspected that on their conclusions from the accounts supplied to them, there might be misappropriation of the goods and of money. They further alleged that in the accounts shown to them, the sale of charcoal was shown at a rate much lower than the prevailing market rate and under these circumstances the respondents apprehended that if the work of the sale of goods remained in the hand of the appellant the real price of the goods would not be realised. There is no allegation, however, that in actual fact the appellant had made secret profits by selling goods at a higher price and showing a lower price in the account. The respondents pointed the entries in the account which owed the lower rate of the sale price in support of their apprehension that if the work of sale of goods remained in the hand of the appellant the real price would not in future be realised. A perusal therefore of the application under S. 20 and the affidavit filed in support of the application for appointment of receiver does not disclose any serious allegations of fraud against the appellant. What it discloses is that the respondents were not satisfied with the accounts submitted to them and were suspicious that they did not disclose the true and complete state of affairs. Such allegations, as we have already remarked are often made in account suits and if they were to be sufficient ground for not referring an account suit to arbitration, on the ground of fraud, hardly any arbitration agreement in a matter in which accounting would be necessary could be referred to arbitration. That is why we emphasise that even in the leading case of Russel, (1880) 14 Ch D 471, the learned Master of the Rolls was at pains to point out that it could not necessarily be said in a case of accounts that no reference to arbitration should be made, even though questions relating to accounts which might involve misconduct amounting even to dishonesty on the part of some partner might arise in the arbitration proceedings and even cases where moral dishonesty or moral misconduct is attributed to one party or the other might be referred to arbitration. It seems to us that every allegation tending to suggest or imply moral dishonesty or moral misconduct in the matter of keeping accounts would not amount to such serious allegation of fraud as would impel a court to refuse to order the arbitration agreement to be filed and refuse to make a reference. Looking to the allegations which have been made in this case we are of opinion that there are no such serious allegations of fraud in this case as would be sufficient for the court to say that there is sufficient cause for not referring the dispute to arbitration. This contention of the appellant must also therefore fail.