Case: Kamta Prasad Aggarwal Etc Vs. Executive Officer, Ballabgarh &amp; Anr

concerned. The provisions of the 1956 Act however continued to be applicable to the State of Haryana and also to the Union Territory of Chandigarh under the relevant provisions of law.8. The Panchayat Samiti, Ballabgarh issued a notice on 19 September, 1962 that it intended to levy professional tax at the maximum rate of Rs. 200/- per annum according to the Schedule specified under the 1961 Act. It may stated here that the Districts Boards in the State of Punjab had imposed a tax on professions, trades, callings and employments. The Districts Boards were abolished in consequence of the 1961 Act. There was however a saving provision in the 1961 Act. Section 64 of the 1961 Act provided that a Panchayat Samiti shall be deemed to have imposed tax at the rate at which immediately before the commencement of the Act it was lawfully levied by the District Board of the District in which Panchayat Samiti is situate until a provision to the contrary is made by the Panchayat Samiti with the previous sanction of the Government. The rates which were adopted by the Panchayat Samiti were different rates on different slabs of income. Income exceeding Rupees 10,000/- was subjected to a tax of Rs. 200/- per annum. It is this levy of additional professional tax against which appellants complain.9. The contention of the appellants that the imposition of tax by the Panchayat Samiti amounts to double taxation and is, therefore, illegal is unsound. A tax on profession is not necessarily connected with income. This is clear from the tax on professions imposed by several municipal authorities at certain rates mentioned in the relevant statutes. A tax on income can be imposed if there is income. A tax on profession can be imposed if a person carries on a profession. Such a tax on profession is irrespective of the question of income.10. Article 276(2) as well as the proviso has the combined effect which precludes a challenge on the ground that the tax on profession is a tax on income or that it exceeds Rs. 250/- per annum. The proviso saves existing taxes. The proviso states that notwithstanding that a profession tax exceeds Rs. 250/- per annum it can continue to be levied until provision to the contrary is made by Parliament by law.11. The provisions of Art. 276(2) were contended by counsel for the appellants to indicate that the total of taxes imposed on professions, trades, callings and employments by the State. Municipality or any other authority should not exceed Rs. 250/- per annum. It was said that the words "total amount by way of taxes" shall not exceed Rs. 250/-. That is totally misreading the Article. It cannot be denied that the State Legislature has power to impose taxes. The words in Article 276 that the total amount payable to the State or to any one Municipality, District Board, Local Board or other local authority cannot mean that the word or is used in a conjunctive sense as a substitute for the word and. The word or is used in disjunctive sense. The proviso to Article 276(2) not only supports that construction but also makes the provision clear. In the proviso to Article 276(2) it is mentioned that if before the commencement of the Constitution any State or any municipal board or authority had imposed a tax exceeding the limit of Rs. 250/- such tax may continue. Therefore, when the proviso speaks of any State or any such municipality it indicates that both can tax separately to the limit imposed by the Article.12. Again, the language of Article 276(2) shows that the Constitution uses the words "any one person" in juxtaposition with any one municipality, district board, local board or other authority. The provisions are clear in their effect that the word "or" occurring between the words "the State" and the words "to any one municipality" cannot be read as the word "and" in a conjunctive sense.13. The words "the total amount payable in respect of any one person to the State or to any one municipality, district board, local board or other authority" mean that tax of and up to the sum of Rs. 250/- can be imposed by any one of the authorities mentioned. If the Constitution wanted the total taxes to be imposed by the State and other authorities to be Rs. 250/- the Constitution would have said that the total amount payable in respect of any one person by way of tax on professions, trades, callings and other employments shall not exceed Rs. 250/- per annum whether imposed by the State, municipality, district board, local board or other authority. Further, if the total of the taxes be a sum of Rs. 250/- as contended for by counsel for the appellants it will mean that if a person is paying professional tax of Rs. 150/- to the State, the local authority can impose on him a similar tax up to the balance sum of Rs. 100/-.14. That may lead to two consequences. One is that one of the authorities will have to tax persons with lower income while those with higher income will escape any payment of tax. The other is that if one authority will impose a tax of the balance sum left after considering the amount imposed by the State all the authorities may not impose taxes. That will be entirely a wrong construction. The High Court was right in reaching the conclusion that the State as well as the authorities mentioned in Article 276 of the Constitution can each impose tax up to a limit of Rs. 250/-. One and the same person may be engaged in more than one of the items suggested in Article 276, namely, professions, trades, callings and employments. Such imposition of tax on more than one item in respect of one and the same person cannot be anything but taxes. The word "total" relates to an authority levying various taxes and not to all authorities put together.15.

Decision (1 = appeal accepted, 0 = rejected): 0

Explanation:
0[ds]A tax on profession is not necessarily connected with income. This is clear from the tax on professions imposed by several municipal authorities at certain rates mentioned in the relevant statutes. A tax on income can be imposed if there is income. A tax on profession can be imposed if a person carries on a profession. Such a tax on profession is irrespective of the question of income.10. Article 276(2) as well as the proviso has the combined effect which precludes a challenge on the ground that the tax on profession is a tax on income or that it exceeds Rs. 250/- per annum. The proviso saves existing taxes. The proviso states that notwithstanding that a profession tax exceeds Rs. 250/- per annum it can continue to be levied until provision to the contrary is made by Parliament byis totally misreading the Article. It cannot be denied that the State Legislature has power to impose taxes. The words in Article 276 that the total amount payable to the State or to any one Municipality, District Board, Local Board or other local authority cannot mean that the word or is used in a conjunctive sense as a substitute for the word and. The word or is used in disjunctive sense. The proviso to Article 276(2) not only supports that construction but also makes the provision clear. In the proviso to Article 276(2) it is mentioned that if before the commencement of the Constitution any State or any municipal board or authority had imposed a tax exceeding the limit of Rs. 250/- such tax may continue. Therefore, when the proviso speaks of any State or any such municipality it indicates that both can tax separately to the limit imposed by the Article.12. Again, the language of Article 276(2) shows that the Constitution uses the words "any one person" in juxtaposition with any one municipality, district board, local board or other authority. The provisions are clear in their effect that the word "or" occurring between the words "the State" and the words "to any one municipality" cannot be read as the word "and" in a conjunctive sense.13. The words "the total amount payable in respect of any one person to the State or to any one municipality, district board, local board or other authority" mean that tax of and up to the sum of Rs. 250/- can be imposed by any one of the authorities mentioned. If the Constitution wanted the total taxes to be imposed by the State and other authorities to be Rs. 250/- the Constitution would have said that the total amount payable in respect of any one person by way of tax on professions, trades, callings and other employments shall not exceed Rs. 250/- per annum whether imposed by the State, municipality, district board, local board or other authority. Further, if the total of the taxes be a sum of Rs. 250/- as contended for by counsel for the appellants it will mean that if a person is paying professional tax of Rs. 150/- to the State, the local authority can impose on him a similar tax up to the balance sum of Rs. 100/-.That may lead to two consequences. One is that one of the authorities will have to tax persons with lower income while those with higher income will escape any payment of tax. The other is that if one authority will impose a tax of the balance sum left after considering the amount imposed by the State all the authorities may not impose taxes. That will be entirely a wrong construction. The High Court was right in reaching the conclusion that the State as well as the authorities mentioned in Article 276 of the Constitution can each impose tax up to a limit of Rs. 250/-. One and the same person may be engaged in more than one of the items suggested in Article 276, namely, professions, trades, callings and employments. Such imposition of tax on more than one item in respect of one and the same person cannot be anything but taxes. The word "total" relates to an authority levying various taxes and not to all authorities put together.