Case: M/s. George Oakes Private Limited &amp; Others Vs. State of Madras

tax could be included in the total turnover, tax on the tax so included could be levied only at 3 pies for every rupee, but the additional tax at 6 pies for every rupee could not be levied. It is not necessary to refer to all the orders that were passed in the several cases, but the following extract from one of them may be read :- that when sales tax collected is included in the turnover, it will be proper to tax that amount only at the minimum rate of 3 pies in the rupee under S. 3(1) of the Act. 5. The State of Madras then filed in the High Court applications for revision under S. 12(B)(l) of the Madras General Sales tax Act, and the High Court held that the tax could be levied on the consolidated amount not only at 3 pies for every rupee of turnover but also at 6 pies in respect of the turnover relating to goods liable to the additional tax. In doing so, the High Court merely followed its earlier decision reported in State of Madras v. Bangalore Automobiles, 1956-7 STC 537 : (AIR 1957 Mad 682 ). The High Court, however, granted certificates of fitness, and these appeals have been filed. Earlier, the High Court had decided in Sundarajan and Co. Ltd. v. State of Madras, 1956-7 STC 105 : ((S) AIR 1956 Mad 298 ) that the Madras General Sales Tax (Definition of Turnover and validation of Assessments) Act, 1954 was validly enacted and was constitutional. The decision in 1956-7 STC 105 : (( S) AIR 1956 Mad 298 ), was approved by this Court recently in George Oakes (Private) Ltd. v. State of Madras, 1961-12 STC 476 :(AIR 1962 SC 1037 ) and though the point was raised in these appeals, it was not pressed at the hearing. 6. The question that is now raised and which alone survives, is whether the additional tax can be included in the, turnover relating to the special goods and the resultant sum taxed at 6 pies for every rupee. In the earlier appeals ending with the decision of this Court in Messrs. George Oakes case, 1961-12 STC 476 : (AIR 1962 SC 1037 ) above mentioned it was contended that the inclusion of the tax in the turnover would amount to the levy of a tax on tax, and that the power to levy the tax extended only to the levy of the tax on the price paid for the goods by the purchaser, which price did not include the tax paid separately. It was pointed out by this Court that the word price in so far as the purchaser is concerned, includes the tax also, and that in laws dealing with sales tax, turnover has, in England and America also, been held to include the tax. The reason for such inclusion is stated to be that the dealer who realises the tax does not hand it over forthwith to Government but keeps it with him, and turns it over in his business before he parts with it. Thus, the tax becomes, for the time being, a part of the circulating capital of the tradesman, and is turned over in his business. Again, it was said that the price paid by the purchaser was not so much money for the article plus tax but a composite sum. Therefore, in calculating the total turnover, there is nothing wrong in treating the tax as part of the turnover, because turnover means the amount of money which is turned over in the business. In the case in which we have referred, the Validating Act was declared valid and constitutional. In the present appeals, we are required to work out the result of the Validating Act in respect of the additional tax, because in so far as the collection of tax at 3 pies for every rupee of turnover is concerned, no difficulty presents itself. 7. The scheme of the Act shows that there is to be a tax of 3 pies on every rupee of turnover for all classes of goods except those which might be exempted. Then there is a further additional tax of 6 pies on every rupee of the turnover in respect of certain classes of goods. This additional tax is leviable not on the total turnover but on the turnover in each year relating to such goods. The words relating to such goods show that the turnover for purposes of the additional tax is the total of all sale prices including, of course, the tax at 3 pies relating to the special goods. The additional tax is then levied on that turnover. But then, in determining the taxable turnover in respect of the special goods, the tax chargeable at 6 pies for every rupee must be included. The necessary consequence is that for those goods which bear a tax of 3 pies on every rupee, the tax would be calculated on total amounts received by the tradesman including the tax at 8 pies for every rupee, and for those goods which bear the additional tax, the tax would be calculated on the total amount received by the tradesman including the tax at 9 pies per rupee. In this way, the tradesman pays tax at the rate of 3 pies for every rupee on all the goods and an additional tax of 6 pies on every rupee of the turnover relating to certain classes of goods. But, though he pays tax on the tax charged by him in the price, the tax at different rates goes into different turnovers, and there is no additional tax at 6 pies on those goods on which such tax is not imposed by the Act. 8. In our opinion, this is what the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer has ordered, and the High Court was right insetting aside the order of the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal, and restoring the order of the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer.

Decision (1 = appeal accepted, 0 = rejected): 0

Explanation:
0[ds]In the earlier appeals ending with the decision of this Court in Messrs. George Oakes case, 1961-12 STC 476   : (AIR 1962 SC 1037  ) above mentioned it was contended that the inclusion of the tax in the turnover would amount to the levy of a tax on tax, and that the power to levy the tax extended only to the levy of the tax on the price paid for the goods by the purchaser, which price did not include the tax paid separately. It was pointed out by this Court that the word price in so far as the purchaser is concerned, includes the tax also, and that in laws dealing with sales tax, turnover has, in England and America also, been held to include the tax. The reason for such inclusion is stated to be that the dealer who realises the tax does not hand it over forthwith to Government but keeps it with him, and turns it over in his business before he parts with it. Thus, the tax becomes, for the time being, a part of the circulating capital of the tradesman, and is turned over in his business. Again, it was said that the price paid by the purchaser was not so much money for the article plus tax but a composite sum. Therefore, in calculating the total turnover, there is nothing wrong in treating the tax as part of the turnover, because turnover means the amount of money which is turned over in the business. In the case in which we have referred, the Validating Act was declared valid and constitutional. In the present appeals, we are required to work out the result of the Validating Act in respect of the additional tax, because in so far as the collection of tax at 3 pies for every rupee of turnover is concerned, no difficulty presents itself7. The scheme of the Act shows that there is to be a tax of 3 pies on every rupee of turnover for all classes of goods except those which might be exempted. Then there is a further additional tax of 6 pies on every rupee of the turnover in respect of certain classes of goods. This additional tax is leviable not on the total turnover but on the turnover in each year relating to such goods. The words relating to such goods show that the turnover for purposes of the additional tax is the total of all sale prices including, of course, the tax at 3 pies relating to the special goods. The additional tax is then levied on that turnover. But then, in determining the taxable turnover in respect of the special goods, the tax chargeable at 6 pies for every rupee must be included. The necessary consequence is that for those goods which bear a tax of 3 pies on every rupee, the tax would be calculated on total amounts received by the tradesman including the tax at 8 pies for every rupee, and for those goods which bear the additional tax, the tax would be calculated on the total amount received by the tradesman including the tax at 9 pies per rupee. In this way, the tradesman pays tax at the rate of 3 pies for every rupee on all the goods and an additional tax of 6 pies on every rupee of the turnover relating to certain classes of goods. But, though he pays tax on the tax charged by him in the price, the tax at different rates goes into different turnovers, and there is no additional tax at 6 pies on those goods on which such tax is not imposed by the Act8. In our opinion, this is what the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer has ordered, and the High Court was right insetting aside the order of the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal, and restoring the order of the Deputy Commercial Tax Officer.