Case: Nirmal Trading Company Vs. Commissioner Of Income Tax, Central (Calcutta)October 10, 1

R. S. Pathak, J. 1. This appeal by certificate under S.66A(2) of the Indian Income tax Act, 1922 relates to the application of Explanation. 2 to S.24 (1) of the Indian Income tax Act. 2. The assessee deals in paper, hessian and B. Twill. After assessment by the Income Tax Officer for the assessment year 1955-56, and thereafter an appeal disposed of by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in second appeal found that certain transaction entered into by the assessee could not be described as "speculative transactions" within the meaning of Explanation 2 to S.24 (1) of the Indian Income tax Act, 1922 and allowing the appeal it directed that the loss suffered by the assessee should be set off under S.24 (1) of the Act. At the instance of the Revenue, the Appellate Tribunal referred the following question to the High Court at Calcutta for its opinion :-"Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the loss of Rs. 1,03,688/- was the result of speculative transactions within the meaning of Explanation 2 to S.24 (1) of the Indian Income tax Act, 1922, and therefore, was not allowable to be set off under S.24 (1) of the said Act?" The High Court has answered the question in favour of the revenue. 3. It appears the assessee entered into several transactions of sale and purchase with different parties, and the transactions were settled by handing over delivery orders. There is no evidence that actual delivery of the goods was evereffected either to the assessee or to subsequent purchasers from him. All that passed were the delivery orders and payment by cheque. The High Court has taken the view that in the absence of actual delivery the transactions attracted Explanation 2 to S.24 (1) and must be regarded as "speculative transactions." It seems to us that the High Court is right, having regard to the law laid down by this Court in Devenport and Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. Commr. of Income tax, West Bengal, (1975) 100 ITR 715 . It is urged on behalf of the assessee that the case falls under Raghunath Prasad Poddar v. Commr. of Income tax, Calcutta (1973) 90 ITR 140 (SC). But that decision has been overruled by this Court in Davenport and Co. P. Ltd. (supra), and in any event no question of invoking that decision arises because in the present case there has never been any suggestion that actual delivery of goods was ultimately effected. The case o the assessee throughout has been that handing over of the delivery orders was sufficient as constituting actual delivery of the goods.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]3. It appears the assessee entered into several transactions of sale and purchase with different parties, and the transactions were settled by handing over delivery orders. There is no evidence that actual delivery of the goods was evereffected either to the assessee or to subsequent purchasers from him. All that passed were the delivery orders and payment by cheque. The High Court has taken the view that in the absence of actual delivery the transactions attracted Explanation 2 to S.24 (1) and must be regarded as "speculative transactions." It seems to us that the High Court is right, having regard to the law laid down by this Court in Devenport and Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. Commr. of Income tax, West Bengal, (1975) 100 ITR 715  But that decision has been overruled by this Court in Davenport and Co. P. Ltd. (supra), and in any event no question of invoking that decision arises because in the present case there has never been any suggestion that actual delivery of goods was ultimately effected. The case o the assessee throughout has been that handing over of the delivery orders was sufficient as constituting actual delivery of the goods.