Case: SAI WARDHA POWER GENERATION LIMITED Vs. THE TATA POWER COMPANY LIMITED DISTRIBUTION & ORS

L. NAGESWARA RAO, J. 1. The question that arises for our consideration in these Appeals is whether Tata Power Company Limited- Distribution (hereinafter, TPC-D) is entitled to levy wheeling charges for the power supplied to Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (hereinafter, HPCL) and wheeling charges for the power sourced from Sai Wardha Power Generation Limited (hereinafter, SWPGL) through open access. The Maharashtra Electricity Regulation Commission (hereinafter, the Commission) allowed the petition filed by HPCL and held that TPC-D is not entitled to levy wheeling charges. Consequently, the Commission directed TPC-D to refund the amounts collected from HPCL, in the form of wheeling charges. The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity allowed the appeal filed by TPC-D and set aside the order of the Commission. Aggrieved thereby, the SWPGL and HPCL have filed the above Appeals. 2. Tata Power Company Limited (TPC) was granted an integrated licence for supply of electricity under the provisions of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910. HPCL has been receiving electricity from TPC on its 22 kV distribution network since 1955. In 2005, HPCL augmented its oil refining facility by installing additional units. HPCL requested TPC to supply additional power to feed its load requirement of 70 MW on 100 per cent redundancy basis. The supply was required to be enhanced to extra high voltage (EHV) level. A power supply agreement was executed between TPC and HPCL on 20 th October, 2005 for providing power supply of 110 kV to HPCLs expansion project at Chembur. The actual supply of 70 MW power started in the year 2008 after the construction of 2x110 kV facility and the requisite regulatory approvals. 3. In the meanwhile, as per the directions of the Commission, TPC trifurcated its assets and segregated them into different entities for generation, transmission and distribution for the purpose of accounting and tariff determination in the year 2006. The Commission determined separate tariffs for Tata Power Company Limited-Generation, Tata Power Company Limited- Transmission and Tata Power Company Limited-Distribution businesses for the first time on 03.10.2006. Thereafter, separate tariffs were determined by the Commission for Tata Power Company Limited-Generation, Tata Power Company Limited-Transmission and Tata Power Company Limited-Distribution. While approving the request for construction of 2x110 kV lines for power supply of 70 MW to HPCL on 16.10.2007, the Commission directed TPC that the other consumers in the vicinity may also be supplied power from the 2x110 kV distribution lines. By the tariff order dated 04.06.2008, the Commission permitted the capitalization of the 2x110 kV distribution lines in the books of accounts of TPC-D. Undisputedly, HPCL has been paying wheeling charges i.e. charges for the right to use of the distribution network since 2008. 4. In the year 2014, TPC filed applications before the Commission for grant of transmission licence and distribution licence under the Electricity Act, 2003. On 17.04.2014, a representation was made by TPC classifying 2x110 kV lines as part of the transmission system and 33 kV and lower lines as part of the distribution system. The Commission granted Transmission Licence No. 1 of 2014 to Tata Power Company-Transmission (TPC-T) on 14.08.2014. HPCL applied to TPC-D on 04.11.2015 for availing 21.02 MW short term open access for getting power as a group active user from SWPGL which was approved by TPC-D. HPCL executed a power purchase agreement with SWPGL on 08.07.2016 with partial supply of electricity on open access. HPCL sought approval of TPC-D for the use of its distribution network. 5. On 10.10.2016, TPC-T filed an application before the Commission for amendment of the transmission licence No.1 of 2014. TPC-T stated in the said application that inclusion of the 2x110 kV lines in its network is an inadvertent error as the lines were always part of the distribution system. Thereafter, HPCL filed a petition on 13.04.2017 before the Commission for a declaration that TPC-D was not entitled to levy and collect wheeling charges and wheeling losses on the supply of electricity through open access on the 110 kV Trombay - HPCL lines 1 and 2 including the feeder lines. The Commission passed an order on 12.03.2018 allowing the petition filed by HPCL holding that TPC-D is not entitled to levy wheeling charges. The said order was set aside by the Tribunal on 22.03.2018. In the meanwhile, the Commission disallowed the application filed by the TPC Transmission for modification of Transmission Licence No. 1 of 2014 by an order dated 01.08.2018. The Appellate Tribunal set aside the order of the Commission dated 01.08.2018, disallowing the application for modification of the transmission license, and remanded the matter back for fresh consideration. 6. The petition filed by HPCL was allowed by the Commission by holding that 2x110 kV Trombay - HPCL lines are part of the transmission system of TPC-T as per the transmission licence issued on 14 th August, 2014. As long as the lines remained part of the transmission licence, the TPC-D cannot claim wheeling charges as a distribution licensee. The submission on behalf of the TPC-D that 2x110 kV lines should be considered as its distribution assets was rejected by the Commission on the ground that extra high voltage network of 66 kV and above have to be treated as part of the transmission network. The Commission held that the wheeling charges of TPC-D was determined only for 11/22/33 kV lines. On the basis of the principle of segregation between HT and EHT levels in Maharashtra, the Commission held that EHV feeders emanating from the Trombay generating station squarely fall within the definition of transmission lines under Section 2 (72) of the Electricity Act, 2003. The Commission relied upon the Central Electricity Authority (T echnical Standards for Construction of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations, 2010 (hereafter referred to as the CEA Regulations, 2010) which demarcate distribution and transmission boundaries on the basis of voltage levels. As per the CEA Regulations 2010, voltage levels from 0.415 kV to 33 kV are included under the distribution head and 66 kV to 765 kV AC and 500 kV DC voltage levels are included under transmission head. On the basis of the above findings, the Commission allowed the petition filed by HPCL and directed TPC-D to refund the amounts collected from HPCL on the said count. 7. The Appellate Tribunal framed two principal issues for consideration which are as follows: Issue No.1: Whether the 110 kV HPCL feeders are part of the Distribution system of TPC-D or can qualify as transmission lines in terms of the statutory framework and in the facts of the present case? Issue No.2: Whether the erroneous submission of TPC-T regarding 110 kV HPCL feeders in the transmission licence No.1 exempt HPCL from payment of wheeling charges? 8. By placing reliance on an earlier judgment of the Tribunal dated 14.12.2012 in Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited vs. Orissa Electricity Regulatory Commission in Appeal No.30 of 2012, the Tribunal held that the 110 kV HPCL feeders from Trombay Generation Station Bus-Bar to HPCL installation at its premises for use of electricity are an essential part of the TPC Distribution system. The Tribunal observed that these feeders from their inception were being used for supplying electricity to HPCL. The Tribunal was also of the view that an arrangement for stepping down electricity at consumers installation cannot be treated as a sub-station as defined in Section 2 (69) of the Electricity Act. Following the judgment in OPTCL, the Tribunal observed that there is no embargo that the distribution network of a distribution licensee cannot include a line of 110 kV voltage level. Issue No.2 was also answered in favour of TPC-D. The Tribunal declared that 110 kV feeders are integral part of the distribution network of TPC-D and that on the basis of voltage defined in the CEA Regulations 2010, the status of the licence cannot be changed from distribution to transmission. The Tribunal directed the Commission to re- determine the wheeling charges at EHT level 110 kV by accepting the submission of HPCL that it was made to pay higher wheeling charges. 9. We have heard Mr. Anand K. Ganesan, learned counsel for SWPGL, Mr. Varun Pathak, learned counsel for HPCL and Mr. Maninder Singh, learned Senior Counsel for TPC-D. 10. TPC-D raised a preliminary objection relating to the maintainability of the appeal filed by SWPGL on the ground that it lacks locus standi. According to TPC-D, the dispute essentially is between HPCL and TPC-D. SWPGL which has stopped supplying power to HPCL on 30.09.2017 cannot be permitted to challenge the order passed by the Commission. HPCL has filed an appeal against the judgment of the Tribunal which has to be adjudicated on merits. Therefore, we have heard the learned counsel for SWPGL as well. 11. It was contended on behalf of HPCL that 110 kV HPCL line is a transmission line. The metering for HPCL is done at TPC-D sub-station which is admittedly a transmission asset. As a matter of fact, the sale of electricity is completed at the TPC-D sub-station. It was argued that on behalf of HPCL that a consumer can be connected directly to a transmission network. HPCL submitted that the judgment of the Tribunal in OPTCL is erroneous. Inclusion of 2x110 kV lines in the transmission assets by TPC-D is a factor that cannot be ignored while deciding the entitlement of TPC-D to impose wheeling charges by treating the 2x110 kV lines as part of the distribution system. 12. It was submitted on behalf of the SWPGL that there is no prohibition or bar in the Electricity Act preventing a consumer from being directly connected to the network of a transmission licensee. Undisputedly, 2x110 kV Trombay - HPCL lines have been declared to be part of transmission assets by TPC-T. The plea of inadvertence taken by TPC-D has to be rejected in view of availability of abundant material. SWPGL referred to the roll out plan of the distribution network made by TPC which deals only with lines upto 33 kV. According to SWPGL, the capital investment plans of distribution network also include only 11 kV and 33 kV voltage level lines. The learned counsel appearing for SWPGL submitted that the order of the APTEL is liable to be set aside. 13. On behalf of the TPC-D, it was argued that trifurcation took place in the year 2005 and since then, tariff was being determined separately for transmission and distribution. HPCL has been paying wheeling charges till 2018. There is no doubt that HPCL was receiving electricity from TPC-Ds distribution network since 1955. Reliance was placed on the tariff order dated 04.06.2008, wherein the Commission permitted capitalization of 2x110 kV distribution lines in books of accounts of TPC-D. It was argued on behalf of TPC-D that no transmission charges have ever been demanded or recovered for 110 kV assets. It was contended that the application filed for amendment of the transmission licence ought to have been decided by the Commission before taking up the instant dispute. A detailed submission was made on the network roll out plan to submit that the plan was qua a broad basis of consumers who are connected at 11kV/22kV/33kV and lower voltage levels. It was submitted that the network rolls out plan was only towards development of network backbone which is generally at levels below 33 kV. It was further urged on behalf of the TPC-D that the 110 kV lines were always treated as a distribution asset and it was only due to inadvertence that they were included in the transmission license in 2014. 14. The basis for the order of the Commission dated 12.03.2018, allowing the petition filed by the HPCL is two- fold. Firstly, the Commission held that transmission licence was granted to TPC-T on 14.08.2014, in which the two110 kV Trombay - HPCL lines were shown as a part of TPC-T. The Commission observed that as long as the lines remained part of the transmission licence, TPC-D cannot claim wheeling charges. The Commission further observed that HPCL is directly connected to 110 kV transmission system in terms of TPC-Ts transmission licence and not to the distribution network of TPC-D. The Commission remarked that mere filing of a petition by TPC-T for amendment of its transmission licence does not entitle TPC-D to levy wheeling charges. The Commission further referred to the submission of TPC-D in case No.47 of 2016 that the assets of TPC-D do not include any part of TPCs transmission network. The submission of TPC-D relating to the inadvertent error in showing 2x110 kV lines in the transmission network was rejected. 15. Secondly, the Commission relied upon an E-mail of the Maharashtra State Load Despatch Centre (MSLDC) dated 11.12.2015 addressed to SWPGL in which it was stated that no wheeling charges can be levied on HPCL as it was connected at 110 kV level. The Commission referred to the CEA Regulations, 2010 and Central Electricity Authoritys Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria) 2013 and Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Transmission Open Access) Regulations, 2016 to hold that all lines up to 33 kV shall be part of the distribution system and those above 33 kV form part of transmission lines. 16. The order of the Commission was set aside by the Tribunal. The Tribunal observed that 2x110 kV HPCL feeder was being used for supplying electricity since inception and hence it is an integral part of TPC-D system. By placing reliance on a judgment in OPTCL, the Tribunal held that HPCL cannot receive power supply directly from TPC-T. The Tribunal further held that there is no embargo on the inclusion of the 2x110 kV lines in the distribution network and distribution can be undertaken at high voltage levels forming high voltage distribution system. While answering the second point, the Tribunal held that a consumer can directly be connected to the works of a transmission licensee. However, in the instant case, HPCL was paying wheeling charges from a long time to TPC-D. Hence, the 2x110 kV lines are part of the distribution system of TPC-D. Further, the T echnical Regulations framed by the CEA defining level of voltage for distribution and transmission heads were held to be generic in nature by the Tribunal. 17. Admittedly, separate licenses for transmission and distribution to TPC-T and TPC-D respectively were granted in 2014. There is no dispute that TPC-T included the 2x110 kV lines in its transmission assets. The network roll out plan submitted by TPC-D included lines upto 33 kV in its distribution network. An application was filed by TPC-T for amendment of the licence which is pending before the Commission, following the remand by the Tribunal. The Tribunal did not advert to the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of the transmission licence. The Tribunal also did not refer to its order by which it set aside the order of the Commission disallowing the application for amendment of the transmission license and remanded the matter back to the Commission. The Tribunal committed an error in ignoring the existing transmission licence of TPC-T before coming to a conclusion that 2x110 kV lines are part of the distribution network. The Tribunal ought to have directed the Commission to adjudicate the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of the transmission licence. Thereafter, the Tribunal should have decided an appeal, if any, filed against the decision of the Commission on the application for amendment before taking up the appeal filed by TPC-T against the order of Commission dated 12.03.2018. The Tribunal stressed on the fact that HPCL was receiving power from TPC-D from a very long time for which reason, the 2x110 kV lines should form part of the distribution system of the TPC-D. The Tribunal was wrong in not taking note of the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of its transmission licence in which the 2x110 kV lines were included in the transmission network. Till the transmission licence of TPC-T is not modified, the 2x110 kV lines form part of the transmission network of TPC-T. The Tribunal could not have held that 2x110 kV lines should be included in the distribution system of TPC-D. 18. The CEA Regulations 2010, the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Transmission Open Access) Regulations, 2016 and the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Distribution Open Access) Regulations, 2016 provide for demarcation between the transmission and distribution boundaries on the basis of voltage. The Tribunal erred in ignoring the said Regulations while holding that 2x110 kV lines are part of the distribution system. 19. We are of the opinion that the judgment of the Tribunal is required to be set aside and that the matter should be remanded back for fresh consideration. Therefore, we are not expressing any opinion on the findings recorded by the Tribunal on interpretation of the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003. As a matter of fact, the transmission licence issued to TPC-T includes 2x110 kV lines as part of the transmission system. Therefore, it is not open to TPC-T to contend that 2x110 kV line is a part of the distribution system of TPC-D till the transmission licence is modified. It is essential that the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of its transmission licence is decided first. If the application filed for amendment by TPC-T is allowed and reaches finality, the 2x110 kV lines will not form part of the transmission network. On the other hand, if the application of TPC-T for amendment of its licence is rejected, TPC-D cannot have a case for seeking inclusion of 2x110 kV lines in its distribution system for imposing wheeling charges on HPCL.

Decision reasoning: 1[ds]17. Admittedly, separate licenses for transmission and distribution to TPC-T and TPC-D respectively were granted in 2014. There is no dispute that TPC-T included the 2x110 kV lines in its transmission assets. The network roll out plan submitted by TPC-D included lines upto 33 kV in its distribution network. An application was filed by TPC-T for amendment of the licence which is pending before the Commission, following the remand by the Tribunal. The Tribunal did not advert to the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of the transmission licence. The Tribunal also did not refer to its order by which it set aside the order of the Commission disallowing the application for amendment of the transmission license and remanded the matter back to the Commission. The Tribunal committed an error in ignoring the existing transmission licence of TPC-T before coming to a conclusion that 2x110 kV lines are part of the distribution network. The Tribunal ought to have directed the Commission to adjudicate the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of the transmission licence. Thereafter, the Tribunal should have decided an appeal, if any, filed against the decision of the Commission on the application for amendment before taking up the appeal filed by TPC-T against the order of Commission dated 12.03.2018. The Tribunal stressed on the fact that HPCL was receiving power from TPC-D from a very long time for which reason, the 2x110 kV lines should form part of the distribution system of the TPC-D. The Tribunal was wrong in not taking note of the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of its transmission licence in which the 2x110 kV lines were included in the transmission network. Till the transmission licence of TPC-T is not modified, the 2x110 kV lines form part of the transmission network of TPC-T. The Tribunal could not have held that 2x110 kV lines should be included in the distribution system of TPC-D18. The CEA Regulations 2010, the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Transmission Open Access) Regulations, 2016 and the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (Distribution Open Access) Regulations, 2016 provide for demarcation between the transmission and distribution boundaries on the basis of voltage. The Tribunal erred in ignoring the said Regulations while holding that 2x110 kV lines are part of the distribution system19. We are of the opinion that the judgment of the Tribunal is required to be set aside and that the matter should be remanded back for fresh consideration. Therefore, we are not expressing any opinion on the findings recorded by the Tribunal on interpretation of the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003. As a matter of fact, the transmission licence issued to TPC-T includes 2x110 kV lines as part of the transmission system. Therefore, it is not open to TPC-T to contend that 2x110 kV line is a part of the distribution system of TPC-D till the transmission licence is modified. It is essential that the application filed by TPC-T for amendment of its transmission licence is decided first. If the application filed for amendment by TPC-T is allowed and reaches finality, the 2x110 kV lines will not form part of the transmission network. On the other hand, if the application of TPC-T for amendment of its licence is rejected, TPC-D cannot have a case for seeking inclusion of 2x110 kV lines in its distribution system for imposing wheeling charges on HPCL.