Case: M/s. Aditya Mindrals Pvt. Ltd Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, Andhra Pradesh

Bharucha, J. 1. These appeals have been referred to a Constitution Bench to resolve the apparent conflict between the judgments of two Benches of this Court, of three learned Judges each, in Pingle Industries Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Hyderabad, 1960(40) I.T.R. 67 and Gotan Lime Syndicate v. Commissioner of Income tax, Rajasthan & Delhi, 1966(59) I.T.R. 718. The common question to be considered reads thus : "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the sum of Rs. 10,752/- paid by the assessee in the accounting year was not expenditure allowable as a deduction in computing the business profit of the assessee-company ?" 2. The appellant-assessee obtained a lease dated 8th march, 1972 from Aditya Minerals Private Limited. It was a term of the lease deed that "the Lessor will grant lease of the land more particularly described in Schedule `A attached to this lease deed and forming part of the same for a period of Fifteen years from first December, One thousand nine hundred and seventy one at a monthly rent of Rs. 35/- (Rupees Thirty Five) only per acre." Clause 2 of the lease deed stated "that the Lessee shall deposit with the Lessor by way of the guarantee for due performance of this lease deed for fifteen years, the amount equal to the rent of lease of land for the full period of lease which will be adjustable against rent of every month. This entire guarantee deposit shall not cary any interest payable to the Lessee by the Lessor." The lease deed granted to the assessee the liberty "to use the land for excavation purposes and subsidiary purposes".3. for the assessment years in question, the assessee claimed the rent amounts worked out at Rs. 10,752/- per annum as revenue expenditure. The claim of the assessee in this behalf was turned down by the authorities, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal and, finally, by the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, against whose judgment the assessee is in appeal. 4. We find that there is a material difference in the facts of the case of Pingle Industries Ltd. and the facts of the case of Gotan Lime Syndicate. As the judgment in Gotan Lime Syndicate, relief upon by the assessee, clearly shows, in that case "there is no payment once for all; it is an yearly payment of dead-rent and royalty. it sitrue half if a capital sum is arrived at and payment is made every year by chalking out the capital amount in varouos instalments, the payment does not lose its character as a capital payment if the sum determined was capital in nature. But it is an important fact in this case that it is a case of an annual payment of royalty or dead-rent". The judgment adds that the case of Pingle Industries Ltd. was "distinguishable because, on the facts, it was a lump sum payment in instalments for acquiring an enduring advantage; it has relation to the raw material to be obtained." The Court thus accepted the argument on behalf of Gotan Lime Syndicate that what it got was a right to get lime for manufacturing and the payment had a direct relation to the amount of lime that was removed. 5. In the case before us, as indicated by the lease deed, what was to be paid by the asessee was rent for the land that was leased. It was payable at the rate of Rs. 35/- per acre per month. the assessee was required to pay in advance the rent calculated at this rate for the entire period of the lease, i.e., fifteen years, in the form of a "deposit". The deposit was "by way of the guarantee for due performance of this lease deed for fifteen years", that is, towards fifteen years rent. It was adjustable against the rent of each month and it carried no interest.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]5. In the case before us, as indicated by the lease deed, what was to be paid by the asessee was rent for the land that was leased. It was payable at the rate of Rs. 35/per acre per month. the assessee was required to pay in advance the rent calculated at this rate for the entire period of the lease, i.e., fifteen years, in the form of a "deposit". The deposit was "by way of the guarantee for due performance of this lease deed for fifteen years", that is, towards fifteen years rent. It was adjustable against the rent of each month and it carried no interest.