Case: Lalit Mohan Deb & Ors Vs. Union Of India & Ors

Palekar, J.1. This is an appeal by certificate granted by the Judicial Commissioner, Tripura under Article 132 (1) of the Constitution on the ground that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution.2. The appellants belong to the cadre of Assistants employed in the Civil Secretariat, Tripura Administration, Agartala. The State of Tripura was integrated with the Union of India in 1949. In the year 1953 the Administrative set up in Tripura was reorganised and the reorganisation was given retrospective effect form 1st April, 1950. The Assistants in the Civil Secretariat were given the pay-scale of Rupees 80-4-160-5-180. The Second Pay Commission which was appointed by the Government of India later recommended the revision of the pay-scale of Tripura employees so as to bring them, as far as possible, at par with the scales prevalent in the State of west Bengal. Accordingly, the pay- scales of the Assistants in the Seceretariat were revised as follows:CHART3. By a later notification dated 4-2-1964, the Government of India promulgated the Tripura Employees (Revision of pay and Allowances) Rules of 1963, in exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution and this notification was given retrospective effect from 1-4-1961. The pay of the Assistants was revised in the manner shown below:CHART4. In the meantime the Administration of Tripura held a test for the selection of Assistants to fill the 25% selection grade posts. The respondents 4 to 20 were some of the Assistants who were selected. The appellants have not challenged that selection but their grievance is that there should be only one class of Assistants with the same Scale of pay because all the Assistants do the same type of work and secondly they should be given the revised scale of Rs. 225-10-325-15-400. instead of Rupees 150-5-195-EB-5-250. They contended that in so far as the rules of 1963 did not contain any guidance for the selection of candidates for the said 25% of the posts, the executive authority was left to unguided and uncanalized power to select Assistants arbitrarily, and, hence, violated the protection given under Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. To enforce their the appellants filed a Writ Petition in the Court of the Judicial Commissioner at Tripura but the same was dismissed. The learned Judicial Commissioner, however, has granted a certificate to appeal to this court on the ground that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution was involved.5. Mr. Chagla appearing on behalf of the Union of India and the Tripura Administration who are the first three respondents in this appeal raised a preliminary objection to the effect that the certificate granted by the learned Judicial Commissioner was not justified on the ground that a substantial question of law as to the interpretion of Constitution was involved. Since we are satisfied that there is no merit in the appeal it is not necessary to consider the preliminary objection.6. The Writ Petition was really misconceived. There were 101 posts of Assistants in the Secretariat Prior to 1-7-1959 their pay scale was Rupees 80-4-160-5-180. All the Assistants were entitled to this scale. When the scale was revised with effect from 1-7-1959 two scales were introduced:CHARTIn other words 25% of the posts were placed in the selection grade in the scale of Rs. 150-10-300/- and the rest continued in their old scale. Later when the 1963 rules came into effect from 1-4-1961 all those in the selection grade were placed in the scale of Rs. 225-10-325-15-400 while the rest of them who were in the 80-1180 grade were given the scale of Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250. If the contention is that there should be a uniform scale of pay that would only mean that the Assistants who were placed in the selection grade should not be allowed that grade but, like the appellants, should be placed in the uniform grade of Assistants in the scale of Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250/- That would be the only result of the contention of the appellants. They gain nothing thereby except to drag down the other Assistants who have been placed in the selection grade. Being aware of this situation, the appellants asked that all the Assistants should be placed in the scale given to the selection grade i.e. Rupees 225-10-325-15-400/- a relief which the courts could, obviously, not grant. It is for the Administration to determine how many Assistants should be in the Secretariat and what should be their scale of pay. The normal scale of Assistants is Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250/. It would not be possible for a court to direct that that scale be revised and something more be given to the Assistants. That is not the function of the courts.7. Mr. Sen on behalf of the appellants did not challenge the right of the Administration to have scales of pay in the same category of posts. Provision of a selection grade in the same category of posts is not a new thing. This has been recognised by the Central Pay Commission in para 10 of Chapter X of the Report. The Commission observed "with the object of providing incentive to employees who have no outlets or very limited outlets for promotion to higher posts, we are recommending in a number of cases that a certain percentage of the posts in the grade-usually 10 per cent-should carry a somewhat higher scale of pay even though there will be no change in the duties. Following the terminology in vogue we have described these posts as selection grade posts. "It is well recognised that a promotion post is a higher post with a higher pay. A selection grade has higher pay but in the same post. A selection grade is intended to ensure that capable employees who may not get a chance of promotion on account of limited outlets of promotions should at least be placed in the selection grade to prevent stagnation on the maximum of the scale. Selection grades are, therefore, created in the interest of greater efficiency. In the present case it is explained in the reply affidavit filed on behalf of the Administration that the basis for selection of some of the Assistants to the higher scale is seniority-cum-merit which is one of the two or three principles of promotion widely accepted in the Administration and duly recognised by the Pay Commission in Chapter XXXXV of the Report. Mr. Sen was, therefore, quite right in not challenging the right of the Administration to create a selection grade in the category of Assistants.8. Mr. Sen, however challenged the existing rule of 1963 because it no where uses the word Selection grade. Under the rule in respect of the Assistant, two scales are mentioned as follows:CHARTAnd though 25% post in the cadre of Assistants are given the higher scale of pay it is not stated therein as to who are the lucky Assistants who are to get this higher scale of pay. This, in his submission, is bound to lead to arbitrary selection which would violate the protection of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. It is true that the rule by itself does not say that these 25% comprise selection grade posts but there is hardly any doubt that it refers to selection posts. This will be clear from the context. In the column "Existing scale of pay" the two grades are shown and against these two grades the revised scale of pay are also shown. These 75% of the posts of Assistants who were prior to 1-4-1961 in the grades of Rs. 80- Rs. 180/- are placed in the revised scale of Rs.150-250/- 25% of the posts whose existing scale of pay was Rs. 150 - Rs. 300/- are to be given after 1.4.1961 the scale of Rs. 225/- Rs.400/- Now the 25% of the posts whose exiting scale prior to 1-4-1961 was Rs. 150-10-300/- actually comprised what, was known as the selection grade when it was first created as shown above, on 1-7-1959. The posts of the Assistants who were placed in the selection grade of Rs. 150-10-300/- with from 1-7-1959 continue to be the posts for which a revision of Rs. 225 - Rs. 400/- was made in the rules of 1963. Therefore, it one reads the revision made with effect from 1-7-1959 together with the revision from 1-4-1961 one feels no doubt that the higher revised scale of pay in the 1963 Rules was for the 25% posts in the selection grade of Assistants.9. It is true that there are no statutory rules regulating the selection of Assistants to the selection grade. But the absence of such rules is no bar to the Administration giving instructions regarding promotion to the higher grade as long as such instructions are not inconsistent with rule on the subject. The point was considered by this court in Sant Ram Sharma v. State of Rajasthan, 1968 (1) SCR 111 = (AIR 1967 SC 1910 ) and it was declared that in the absence of statutory rules regulating promotion to selection grade posts the Government is competent to issue administrative instructions as long as those instructions are not inconsistent with the rules already framed Mr. Sens argument is based on the absence of any statutory rule in this respect. Therefore, there is no question of any inconsistency with existing rule. In their affidavit in reply the Administration has stated that the appointment to the selection grade is made on the basis of seniority- cum-merit based upon a test open to all Assistants carried out in accordance with a prescribed procedure. It appears that there is a Departmental Promotion Committee whose business it is to prepare a promotion list of such Assistants who after passing the necessary tests are to be appointed in the selection grade. It is on the basis of this selection that respondents 4 to 20 and some others were appointed in the selection grade after they passed the tests and were selected by the Departmental Promotion Committee. The appellants did not appear for these tests and, therefore, can have no complaint about the selection. In fact they have not challenged the selection and appointment of respondents 4 to 20 in the selection grade posts.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]Since we are satisfied that there is no merit in the appeal it is not necessary to consider the preliminary objection.6. The Writ Petition was really misconceived. There were 101 posts of Assistants in the Secretariat Prior to 1-7-1959 their pay scale was Rupees 80-4-160-5-180. All the Assistants were entitled to this scale. When the scale was revised with effect from 1-7-1959 two scales wereother words 25% of the posts were placed in the selection grade in the scale of Rs. 150-10-300/- and the rest continued in their old scale. Later when the 1963 rules came into effect from 1-4-1961 all those in the selection grade were placed in the scale of Rs. 225-10-325-15-400 while the rest of them who were in the 80-1180 grade were given the scale of Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250. If the contention is that there should be a uniform scale of pay that would only mean that the Assistants who were placed in the selection grade should not be allowed that grade but, like the appellants, should be placed in the uniform grade of Assistants in the scale of Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250/- That would be the only result of the contention of the appellants. They gain nothing thereby except to drag down the other Assistants who have been placed in the selection grade. Being aware of this situation, the appellants asked that all the Assistants should be placed in the scale given to the selection grade i.e. Rupees 225-10-325-15-400/- a relief which the courts could, obviously, not grant. It is for the Administration to determine how many Assistants should be in the Secretariat and what should be their scale of pay. The normal scale of Assistants is Rs. 150-5-195-EB-5-250/. It would not be possible for a court to direct that that scale be revised and something more be given to the Assistants. That is not the function of the courts.7. Mr. Sen on behalf of the appellants did not challenge the right of the Administration to have scales of pay in the same category of posts. Provision of a selection grade in the same category of posts is not a new thing. This has been recognised by the Central Pay Commission in para 10 of Chapter X of the Report. The Commission observed "with the object of providing incentive to employees who have no outlets or very limited outlets for promotion to higher posts, we are recommending in a number of cases that a certain percentage of the posts in the grade-usually 10 per cent-should carry a somewhat higher scale of pay even though there will be no change in the duties. Following the terminology in vogue we have described these posts as selection grade posts. "It is well recognised that a promotion post is a higher post with a higher pay. A selection grade has higher pay but in the same post. A selection grade is intended to ensure that capable employees who may not get a chance of promotion on account of limited outlets of promotions should at least be placed in the selection grade to prevent stagnation on the maximum of the scale. Selection grades are, therefore, created in the interest of greater efficiency. In the present case it is explained in the reply affidavit filed on behalf of the Administration that the basis for selection of some of the Assistants to the higher scale is seniority-cum-merit which is one of the two or three principles of promotion widely accepted in the Administration and duly recognised by the Pay Commission in Chapter XXXXV of the Report. Mr. Sen was, therefore, quite right in not challenging the right of the Administration to create a selection grade in the category ofthough 25% post in the cadre of Assistants are given the higher scale of pay it is not stated therein as to who are the lucky Assistants who are to get this higher scale of pay. This, in his submission, is bound to lead to arbitrary selection which would violate the protection of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. It is true that the rule by itself does not say that these 25% comprise selection grade posts but there is hardly any doubt that it refers to selection posts. This will be clear from the context. In the column "Existing scale of pay" the two grades are shown and against these two grades the revised scale of pay are also shown. These 75% of the posts of Assistants who were prior to 1-4-1961 in the grades of Rs. 80- Rs. 180/- are placed in the revised scale of Rs.150-250/- 25% of the posts whose existing scale of pay was Rs. 150 - Rs. 300/- are to be given after 1.4.1961 the scale of Rs. 225/- Rs.400/- Now the 25% of the posts whose exiting scale prior to 1-4-1961 was Rs. 150-10-300/- actually comprised what, was known as the selection grade when it was first created as shown above, on 1-7-1959. The posts of the Assistants who were placed in the selection grade of Rs. 150-10-300/- with from 1-7-1959 continue to be the posts for which a revision of Rs. 225 - Rs. 400/- was made in the rules of 1963. Therefore, it one reads the revision made with effect from 1-7-1959 together with the revision from 1-4-1961 one feels no doubt that the higher revised scale of pay in the 1963 Rules was for the 25% posts in the selection grade of Assistants.9. It is true that there are no statutory rules regulating the selection of Assistants to the selection grade. But the absence of such rules is no bar to the Administration giving instructions regarding promotion to the higher grade as long as such instructions are not inconsistent with rule on the subject. The point was considered by this court in Sant Ram Sharma v. State of Rajasthan, 1968 (1) SCR 111  = (AIR 1967 SC 1910 ) and it was declared that in the absence of statutory rules regulating promotion to selection grade posts the Government is competent to issue administrative instructions as long as those instructions are not inconsistent with the rules already framed Mr. Sens argument is based on the absence of any statutory rule in this respect. Therefore, there is no question of any inconsistency with existing rule. In their affidavit in reply the Administration has stated that the appointment to the selection grade is made on the basis of seniority- cum-merit based upon a test open to all Assistants carried out in accordance with a prescribed procedure. It appears that there is a Departmental Promotion Committee whose business it is to prepare a promotion list of such Assistants who after passing the necessary tests are to be appointed in the selection grade. It is on the basis of this selection that respondents 4 to 20 and some others were appointed in the selection grade after they passed the tests and were selected by the Departmental Promotion Committee. The appellants did not appear for these tests and, therefore, can have no complaint about the selection. In fact they have not challenged the selection and appointment of respondents 4 to 20 in the selection grade posts.