Case: Collector of Central Excise, Bombay Vs. Kohinoor Mills, Bombay

MAJMUDAR, J.1. These appeals involve a common question for our consideration. It is to the effect "when yarn was manufactured in the weaving department of a composite textile mill and was captively consumed in the spinning department for manufacturing fabric therefrom, whether any excise duty was payable on the manufactured yarn prior to 15-7-1977 when an earlier notification dated 18-6-1977 exempting such yarn from payment of excise duty was in operation, only because the ultimate fabrics got manufactured from such yarn on and from 15-7-1977 when the earlier notification stood rescinded." * 2. Civil Appeals Nos. 103 and 104 of 1988 are moved by the Collector of Central Excise of Bombay being aggrieved by the order passed by the Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as "the Tribunal") which has taken the view that such yarn would not be liable to pay any duty while Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990 is moved by the assessee against the order of the Tribunal which has taken a contrary view. In order to appreciate the contours of this controversy, it is necessary to note a few relevant facts. 3. There is no dispute that the assessee textile mills in both the sets of appeals are composite textile mills. Composite textile mill is one which contains two departments amongst others, namely, spinning and weaving departments. In the weaving department yarn is manufactured. That yarn is captively consumed in the spinning department of the same mill and ultimately cotton fabric emerges. It is also not in dispute that once yarn is manufactured even for captive consumption in the weaving department, it has to bear excise duty as a commercial commodity is said to have emerged. When this yearn is utilised in the spinning department of the composite mill and fabric is manufactured out of it, excise duty has to be paid on the fabric as per the tariff rate operating at the relevant time. The dispute in the present case arose because from 18-6-1977 there was in operation an exemption notification issued by the Central Government in exercise of its powers conferred under Rule 8 of the Central Excise Rules, 1944. The said Notification No. 132 of 1977 reads as under "In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-rule (1) of Rule 8 of the Central Excise Rules, 1944, the Central Government hereby exempts cellulosic spun yarn and cotton yarn falling under sub-item III(i) of Item No. 18 and Item No. 18-A(i) respectively, of the First Schedule to the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 (1 of 1944), when used for weaving of cotton fabrics falling under Item No. 19 in a composite mill, free from whole of the duty of excise leviable thereonProvided that when such yarn is produced in a factory other than such composite mill, the procedure set out in Rule 96-E of the Central Excise Rules, 1944 is followedExplanation. - For the purposes of this notification composite mill means a manufacturer who is engaged in spinning of cotton yarn or weaving of cotton fabrics or processing of cotton fabrics with the aid of power and has a proprietary interest in at least two of such manufacturing activities." * It may be mentioned at this stage that there was also in operation from the same date 18-6-1977 Notification No. 131 of 1977 which first granted partial exemption from excise duty to cotton yarn. But because of Notification No. 132 of 1977, such yarn when captively consumed in the composite textile mill got fully exempted4. Consequently the cotton yarn manufactured by the assessee composite textile mills from 18-6-1977 onwards had not to bear any excise duty when such yarn was removed for captive consumption and used for that purpose by the same mills in its spinning department for manufacturing fabrics. This exemption was partially withdrawn by a later notification dated 15-7-1977. The said notification reads as under "Cotton Fabrics (Tariff Item 19)Notification No. 226/77-C.E. dated 15-7-1977In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-rule (1) of Rule 8 of the Central Excise Rules, 1944, read with sub-section (3) of Section 3 of the Additional Duties of Excise (Goods of Special Importance) Act, 1957 (58 of 1957), and in supersession of the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Revenue and Banking, No. 135 of 1977 - Central Excises, dated 18-6-1977, the Central Government hereby exempts cotton fabrics, falling under sub-item 1 of Item No. 19 of the First Schedule to the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 (1 of 1944) and specified in column (2) of the Table hereto annexed (hereafter in this notification referred to as the Table) from so much of the duty of excise leviable thereon as is in excess of the duty specified in the corresponding entry in column (3) theretoTABLES. Description Rate of dutyNo(1) (2) (3)1. Cotton fabrics in which the average count fifteen per cent adof yarn is 41s or more. valorem2. Cotton fabrics (other than those in whichthe average count of yarn is 41s or more), -(i) does not exceed four rupees two per cent advalorem(ii) exceeds four rupees but does not three per cent adexceed six rupees valorem(iii) exceeds six rupees but does not four per cent adexceed seven rupees valorem(iv) exceeds seven rupees but does not six per cent adexceed eight rupees valorem(v) exceeds eight rupees but does not eight per cent adexceed nine rupees valorem(vi) exceeds nine rupees but does not ten per cent adexceed ten rupees valorem(vii) exceeds ten rupees but does not twelve per cent adexceed eleven rupees valorem(viii) exceeds eleven rupees but does fourteen per centnot exceed twelve rupees ad valorem(xi) exceeds twelve rupees fifteen per cent advalorem." 5. The Excise authorities contended that even though the yarn might have been manufactured in the spinning department of the composite mill concerned between 18-6-1977 and 14-7-1977 if such yarn was captively consumed and ultimately resulted into fabric and if such fabric was removed from the factory gate after 15-7-1977, the captively consumed yarn out of which such fabric was manufactured must bear the duty of excise as per notification dated 15-7-1977. That stand of the Excise authorities was based on proviso (1) contained in the notification dated 15-7-1977. The said proviso reads as under. "Provided further that in cases where cotton fabrics have been produced in a composite mill or are produced therein and in the production of such cotton fabrics cellulosic spun yarn falling under sub-item III(i) of Item No. 18 of the said First Schedule or cotton yarn falling under Item No. 18-A(i) of the said First Schedule, or both, on which no duty of excise was paid prior to the 15th day of July, 1977, was or is used, the duty payable on such fabrics shall be -(a) at the appropriate rate of duty as specified in this notification plus(b) the duty payable on such cellulosic spun yarn or cotton yarn or both, as the case may be, under the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Revenue and Banking, No. 131/77 - Central Excises, dated the 18th June, 1977." A mere look at the said proviso shows that under the notification dated 15-7-1977 two types of cotton yarns manufactured by the composite textile mills, were sought to be taxed by way of excise duty as per Notification No. 131 of 1977, namely, (1) cotton yarn manufactured prior to 15-7-1977 and removed for captive consumption and utilised in production of fabrics; and (2) cotton yarn already manufactured prior to 15-7-1977 but removed for captive consumption from and after 15-7-1977 for manufacturing of fabrics. This is clearly discernible from the words "where cotton fabrics have been produced in a composite mill or are produced therein and in the production of such cotton fabrics .... cotton yarn .... on which no duty of excise was paid prior to the 15th day of July, 1977, was or is used ...." * The dispute centres around the cotton yarn in the first category. In Civil Appeals Nos. 103 and 104 of 1988, the Tribunal has taken the view following the decisions of the Bombay High Court in Shreeram Mills Ltd. v. Union of India 1982 ELT 457 (Bom)) and the Gujarat High Court in Aryodaya Spg. and Wvg. Co. Ltd. v. Union of India 1981 ELT 274 (Guj)) that when cotton yarn is manufactured prior to 15-7-1977 and is removed for captive consumption and used by the composite textile mill in manufacturing fabric prior to that date no excise duty can be charged thereon even if the fabrics is manufactured out of it after 15-7-1977. In Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990 on the other hand, another bench of the Tribunal took the view placing reliance on the decision of this Court in Wallace Flour Mills Co. Ltd. v. CCE ( 1989 (4) SCC 592 : 1990 SCC(Tax) 10 : 1989 (44) ELT 598 ) that it is not the date of manufacture but the date of clearance of the manufactured commodities that is relevant for deciding the tax liability and as cotton fabric was cleared after 15-7-1977, the input of yarn would be liable to be taxed as per the notification holding the field after 15-7-1977 6. We have heard learned counsel for the parties in support of their respective cases. In our view the contention canvassed on behalf of the Revenue cannot be accepted. The reasons are obvious. It has to be kept in view that charge under the Central Excise Act is fastened on a manufactured item once manufacture takes place. But the liability to pay the duty thereon will have to be decided in the light of the appropriate tariff applicable at the time when such manufactured commodity is cleared by the manufacturer as per the provisions of the Excise Rules. In this connection, Rule 19(1) of the Central Excise Rules, 1944 becomes relevant. It reads as under "9. Time and manner of payment of duty. - (1) No excisable goods shall be removed from any place where they are produced, cured or manufactured or any premises appurtenant thereto, which may be specified by the Collector in this behalf, whether for consumption, export or manufacture of any other commodity in or outside such place, until the excise duty leviable thereon has been paid at such place and in such manner as is prescribed in these Rules or as the Collector may require and except on presentation of an application in the proper form and on obtaining the permission of the proper officer on the form :" * 7. It, therefore, becomes obvious that the duty becomes payable on a manufactured item once it is removed from the place of manufacture for consumption, export or manufacture of any other commodity in or outside such place. There is an explanation of sub-rule (2) of Rule 9, which is relevant for the present purpose. It reads as under "Explanation. - For the purposes of this rule, excisable goods, produced, cured or manufactured in any place and consumed or utilised -(i) as such or after subjection to any process or processes; or(ii) for the manufacture of any other commodity;Whether in a continuous process or otherwise, in such place or any premises appurtenant thereto, specified by the Collector under sub-rule (1), shall be deemed to have been removed from such place or premises immediately before such consumption or utilisation." 8. A conjoint reading of Rule 9(1) and Explanation makes it clear that if a manufactured item covered by the charge of excise duty by the charging provisions of the Central Excise Act is captively consumed, it would amount to removal of such manufactured item. Consequently once the yarn is manufactured in the weaving department of the composite textile mills and is taken to the spinning department for being captively utilised by way of consumption in spinning department, and gets consumed, it is deemed to have been removed within the meaning of Rule 9(1). Once that happens, the liability of such manufactured yarn to pay excise duty at the then prevalent rate of duty is crystallised. Thereafter, the question as to when subsequently the fabric is manufactured or emerges or is removed from factory gate becomes irrelevant for the purpose of deciding the question of liability of excise duty on such captively consumed yarn. 9. It is not in dispute between the parties that in the present case captively consumed yarn was manufactured on and from 18-6-1977 and removed to spinning department and was utilised in the spinning department prior to 15-7-1977. Thus such yarn falls in the first category of yarn to which we have referred to earlier. The liability to pay excise duty on such yarn, therefore, has to be decided prior to 15-7-1977 in the light of Rule 9(1) read with Explanation and subject to the relevant exemption notification then holding the field. Once that happens, it has to be held that as at the relevant time the earlier Notification No. 132 of 1977 of 18-6-1977 was holding the field under which such yarn was wholly exempt from payment of excise duty, no excise duty was to be paid thereon. The view taken by the Tribunal, therefore, in Civil Appeals Nos. 103 and 104 of 1988 cannot be found fault with. That was in conformity with the view taken by the Gujarat and the Bombay High Courts in the earlier mentioned cases. We concur with the same. 10. The latter view taken by the Tribunal in judgment under appeal in Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990 seeks to rely to the decision of this Court in Wallace Flour Mills case ( 1989 (4) SCC 592 : 1990 SCC(Tax) 10 : 1989 (44) ELT 598 ). In that case this Court was not concerned with the manufacture and utilisation of a commodity by way of captive consumption. It was a case dealing with manufacture of food articles by an assessee company. After their manufacture but before they could be removed from the factory gate for home consumption, the rate of duty changed. It was, therefore, held that the said products had to bear the excise duty in the light of the prevailing tariff rate when such manufactured items were removed from the factory gate for home consumption. The said view was obviously based on operation of Rule 9(1). Explanation to Rule 9(1) was not attracted on the facts of the case. Such is not the present situation where the manufactured yarn is not removed in its then existing condition from the factory gate for home consumption. On the contrary, it was removed for being utilised for captive consumption prior to 18-7-1977. It is, therefore, not possible to uphold the view taken by the Tribunal in Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990. At this stage it is also appropriate to note that the Explanation to Rule 9(1) and Section 49 inserted with retrospective effect by the rule-making authorities were upheld by this Court in the case of J. K. Cotton Spg. & Wvg. Mills Ltd. v. Union of India 1987 Supp(SCC) 350 : 1988 SCC(Tax) 26). A later Bench of the Bombay High Court in the case of Union of India v. Hindustan Spg. & Wvg. Mills Ltd. ( 1992 (61) ELT 531 (Bom)) (ELT at p. 535) has taken the same view which has appealed to us. According to us no other view is possible on the scheme of the relevant provisions of the Act and the Rules. We respectfully concur with the view of the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Union of India v. Hindustan Spg. & Wvg. Mills case ( 1992 (61) ELT 531 (Bom)) .

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]In our view the contention canvassed on behalf of the Revenue cannot be accepted. The reasons are obvious. It has to be kept in view that charge under the Central Excise Act is fastened on a manufactured item once manufacture takes place. But the liability to pay the duty thereon will have to be decided in the light of the appropriate tariff applicable at the time when such manufactured commodity is cleared by the manufacturer as per the provisions of the Excise Rules. In this connection, Rule 19(1) of the Central Excise Rules, 1944 becomes relevant. It reads asTime and manner of payment of duty.(1) No excisable goods shall be removed from any place where they are produced, cured or manufactured or any premises appurtenant thereto, which may be specified by the Collector in this behalf, whether for consumption, export or manufacture of any other commodity in or outside such place, until the excise duty leviable thereon has been paid at such place and in such manner as is prescribed in these Rules or as the Collector may require and except on presentation of an application in the proper form and on obtaining the permission of the proper officer on the form :"It, therefore, becomes obvious that the duty becomes payable on a manufactured item once it is removed from the place of manufacture for consumption, export or manufacture of any other commodity in or outside such place. There is an explanation of(2) of Rule 9, which is relevant for the present purpose. It reads asFor the purposes of this rule, excisable goods, produced, cured or manufactured in any place and consumed oras such or after subjection to any process or processes; or(ii) for the manufacture of any other commodity;Whether in a continuous process or otherwise, in such place or any premises appurtenant thereto, specified by the Collector under(1), shall be deemed to have been removed from such place or premises immediately before such consumption or utilisation.A conjoint reading of Rule 9(1) and Explanation makes it clear that if a manufactured item covered by the charge of excise duty by the charging provisions of the Central Excise Act is captively consumed, it would amount to removal of such manufactured item. Consequently once the yarn is manufactured in the weaving department of the composite textile mills and is taken to the spinning department for being captively utilised by way of consumption in spinning department, and gets consumed, it is deemed to have been removed within the meaning of Rule 9(1). Once that happens, the liability of such manufactured yarn to pay excise duty at the then prevalent rate of duty is crystallised. Thereafter, the question as to when subsequently the fabric is manufactured or emerges or is removed from factory gate becomes irrelevant for the purpose of deciding the question of liability of excise duty on such captively consumedIt is not in dispute between the parties that in the present case captively consumed yarn was manufactured on and fromand removed to spinning department and was utilised in the spinning department prior toThus such yarn falls in the first category of yarn to which we have referred to earlier. The liability to pay excise duty on such yarn, therefore, has to be decided prior toin the light of Rule 9(1) read with Explanation and subject to the relevant exemption notification then holding the field. Once that happens, it has to be held that as at the relevant time the earlier Notification No. 132 of 1977 ofwas holding the field under which such yarn was wholly exempt from payment of excise duty, no excise duty was to be paid thereon. The view taken by the Tribunal, therefore, in Civil Appeals Nos. 103 and 104 of 1988 cannot be found fault with. That was in conformity with the view taken by the Gujarat and the Bombay High Courts in the earlier mentioned cases. We concur with theThe latter view taken by the Tribunal in judgment under appeal in Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990 seeks to rely to the decision of this Court in Wallace Flour Mills case ( 1989 (4) SCC 592 : 1990 SCC(Tax) 10 : 1989 (44) ELT 598 ). In that case this Court was not concerned with the manufacture and utilisation of a commodity by way of captive consumption. It was a case dealing with manufacture of food articles by an assessee company. After their manufacture but before they could be removed from the factory gate for home consumption, the rate of duty changed. It was, therefore, held that the said products had to bear the excise duty in the light of the prevailing tariff rate when such manufactured items were removed from the factory gate for home consumption. The said view was obviously based on operation of Rule 9(1). Explanation to Rule 9(1) was not attracted on the facts of the case. Such is not the present situation where the manufactured yarn is not removed in its then existing condition from the factory gate for home consumption. On the contrary, it was removed for being utilised for captive consumption prior toIt is, therefore, not possible to uphold the view taken by the Tribunal in Civil Appeal No. 5408 of 1990. At this stage it is also appropriate to note that the Explanation to Rule 9(1) and Section 49 inserted with retrospective effect by theauthorities were upheld by this Court in the case of J. K. Cotton Spg. & Wvg. Mills Ltd. v. Union of India 1987 Supp(SCC) 350 : 1988 SCC(Tax) 26). A later Bench of the Bombay High Court in the case of Union of India v. Hindustan Spg. & Wvg. Mills Ltd. ( 1992 (61) ELT 531 (Bom)) (ELT at p. 535) has taken the same view which has appealed to us. According to us no other view is possible on the scheme of the relevant provisions of the Act and the Rules. We respectfully concur with the view of the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court in Union of India v. Hindustan Spg. & Wvg. Mills case ( 1992 (61) ELT 531 (Bom))