Case: Chief Mining Engineer, M/s. East India Coal Company Limited Vs. Rameshwar & Others

Shelat, J. 1. These appeals by special leave arise out of applications filed by workmen of the Appellant-company claiming bonus under the Scheme framed by the Central Government under the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Bonus Schemes Act, 46 of 1948 and railway fares and leave wages under the award of the Industrial Tribunal (Colliery Disputes) which came into effect as from February 22, 1954. The Central Government Labour Court at Dhanbad allowed their claim under Section 33-C (a) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. 2. Mr. Gokhale for the appellant-company challenged the correctness of the Labour Courts decision and raised the following contentions :-(1) that the Labour Court had no jurisdiction to try these applications under Section 33-C (2) : (a) because Section 33-C (2) contemplates recovery of money payable under an award, settlement or under the provisions of Chapter V-A of the Industrial Disputes Act only and not under any other statute or scheme framed thereunder; (b) that under Section 33-C (2) the benefit capable of being computed in terms of money is a non-monetary benefit and not a claim for money itself; and (c) that the proceedings under Section 33-C (2) being in the nature of execution proceedings substantial questions between an employer and his employee cannot be adjudicated by the Labor Court under this Section; (2) that in any case these applications were barred by limitation prescribed by the said bonus Scheme and/or due to laches on the part of the respondents; (3) that under the said Scheme the respondents are not entitled to bonus as they were employed as domestic servant and were during the relevant period performing domestic and personal work, and (4) that the direction to pay bonus for the period prior to the dates on which these respondents were employed was invalid. 3. The contention as-to jurisdiction of the Labour Court depends on the true construction of Section 33-C (2) as it stood in 1962 when these applications were filed and before its amendment by Act 36 of 1964. Section 33-C (2) has so far been the subject matter of decision by this Court in three cases, viz., Punjab National Bank Ltd. v. Kharbanda, 1962 Supp (2) SCR 977 = (AIR 1963 SC 487 ), Central Bank of India v. Rajagopalan, 1964-3 SCR 140 = (AIR l964 SC 743) and Bombay Gas Co. Ltd. v. Gopal Bhiva, 1964-3 SCR 709 = (AIR 1964 SC 752 ). 4. The following propositions on the question as to the scope of Section 33-C (2) are deducible from these three decisions : -(1) The legislative history indicates that the legislature after providing broadly for the investigation and settlement of disputes on the basis of collective bargaining, recognised the need of individual workmen of a speedy remedy to enforce their existing individual rights and therefore inserted Section 33A in 1950 and Section 33-C in 1956. These two Sections illustrate cases in which individual workmen can enforce their rights without having to take recourse to Sec. 10 (1) and without having to depend on their union to espouse their case. (2) In view of this history two considerations are relevant while construing the scope of Section 33-C. Where industrial disputes arise between workmen acting collectively and their employers such disputes must be adjudicated upon in the manner prescribed by the Act, as for instance under Section 10 (1). But having regard to the legislative policy to provide a speedy remedy to individual workmen for enforcing their existing rights, it would not be reasonable to exclude their existing rights sought to be implemented by individual workman. Therefore though in determining the scope of Section 33-C care should be taken not to exclude cases which legitimately fall within its purview, cases which fall, for instance under Section 10 (1), cannot be brought under Section 33C. (3) Section 33-C which is in terms similar to those in Section 20 of the Industrial Disputes (Appellate Tribunal) Act l950 is a provision in the nature of an executing provision; (4) Section 33-C (1) applies to cases where money is due to a workman under an award or settlement or under Chapter VA of the Act already calculated and ascertained and therefore there is no dispute about its computation. But sub-section (2) applies both to non-monetary as well as monetary benefits. In the case of monetary benefit it applies where such benefit though due is not calculated and there is a dispute about its calculation; (5) Section 33-C (2) takes within its purview cases of workmen who claim that the benefit to which they are entitled should he computed in terms of money even though the right to the benefit on which their claim is based is disputed by their employers. It is open to the Labour Court to interpret the award or settlement on which the workmens right rests. (6) The fact that the words of limitation used in Section 20 (2) of the Industrial Disputes (Appellate Tribunal) Act 1950 are omitted in Section 33-C (2) shows that the scope of Section 33-C (2) is wider than that of Section 33-C (1) Therefore, whereas sub-section (1) is confined to claims arising under an award or settlement or Chapter V-A, claims which can be entertained under sub-section (2) are not so confined to those under an award, settlement or Chapter VA. (7) Though the court did not indicate which cases other than those under sub-section (1) would fall under sub-section (2), it pointed out illustrative cases which would not fall under sub-section (2), viz., cases which would appropriately be adjudicated under Section 10 (1) or claims which have already been the subject-matter of settlement to which Sections 18 and 19 would apply. (8) Since proceedings under Sec. 33-C(2) are analogous to execution proceedings and the Labour Court called upon to compute in terms of money the benefit claimed by a workman is in such cases in the position of an executing court, the Labour Court like the executing court in execution proceedings governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, is competent under Section 33-C (2) to interpret the award or settlement where the benefit is claimed under such award or settlement and it would be open to it to consider the plea of nullity where the award is made without jurisdiction. 5. It is clear that the right to the benefit which is sought to be computed must be an existing one, that is to say, already adjudicated upon or provided for and must arise in the course of and in relation to the relationship between an industrial workman and his employer. Since the scope of sub-section (2) is wider than that of sub-s. (1) and the sub-section is not confined to cases arising under an award, settlement or under the provisions of Chapter V-A, there is no reason to hold that a benefit provided by a statute or a Scheme made thereunder, without there being anything contrary under such statute or Section 33-C (2), cannot fall within sub-section (2). Consequently, the benefit provided in the bonus scheme made under the Coal Mines Provident Fund and Bonus Schemes Act, 1948 which remains to the be computed must fall under sub-section (2) and the Labour Court therefore had jurisdiction to entertain and try such a claim, it being a claim in respect of an existing right arising from the relationship of an industrial workman and his employer.The contention that the Labour Court had no jurisdiction because the claim arose under the said scheme or because the benefit was monetary or because it involved any substantial question between the Company and the workmen must, in view of the said decisions, fail. 6. These applications were made in 1962 though they related to claims for the years commencing from 1948 and onwards. The contention therefore was that part of these claims, at any rate, must be held to be barred either by limitation or by reason of laches on the part of the workmen. The answer to this contention is clearly provided in the case of Bombay Gas Co., 1964-3 SCR 709 = (AIR 1964 SC 752 ) (supra) where a distinction was drawn between considerations which would prevail in an industrial adjudication and those which must prevail in a case filed under a statutory provision such as Section 33-C (2).This Court pointed out there that whereas an industrial dispute is entertained on grounds of social justice and therefore a Tribunal would in such a case take into consideration factors such. As delay or laches, such considerations are irrelevant to claims made under a statutory provision unless such provision lays down any period of limitation. The Court held that there is no justification in inducting a period of limitation provided in the Limitation Act into the provisions of Section 33-C (2) which do not lay down any limitation and that such a provision can only be made by legislature ii it thought fit and not by the Court on an analogy or any other such consideration. It is a matter of some significance that though the legislature amended Section 33-C by Act 36 of 1964 and introduced limitation in the Section, it did so by means of a proviso only in respect of claims made under sub-section 1 but did not provide any limitation for claims under sub-s. (2).In view of this fact and the decision in Bombay Gas Companys case, 1964-3 SCR 709 - (AIR 1964 SC 752 ) (supra) Mr. Gokhale conceded that he could not press the contention that the present claims were barred by limitation or laches. 7. Some reliance however was sought to be placed on Cl. 3 of S. 9-A of the Bonus Scheme. Section 9-A contemplates that the employer has first to tender the bonus payable to the workman under the Scheme. If the bonus, in spite of the tender, remains unclaimed for six months after such tender, he is required to have it credited in the Reserve Account established under the Scheme. The Section then provides by Cl. 2 that the bonus amount shall be paid in the seventh month from the end of the quarter to which it relates by depositing it in such government treasury as may be prescribed and the original challan of such deposit shall be sent within the time set out therein to the Coal Mines Provident Fund Commissioner. Clause (3) then provides that a workman who desires payment of arrears of bonus payable to him shall apply to the said Commissioner within three years from the last date of the quarter to which the bonus relates. The period of three years of limitation thus applies to applications for payment by the Commissioner from the deposit made in the treasury and has no application to claims under S. 33-C (2) which as aforesaid makes no provision for limitation. 8. The contention that the respondents workmen, though admittedly the employees of the appellant company, were not entitled to bonus under the Scheme as they were doing domestic and personal work, viz., of supplying water at the residence of certain junior officers of the Company throughout the relevant period, is also not tenable. The relevant portion of S. 1 of the Bonus Scheme relied on by the Company reads as follows :-"1. Class of employees eligible to qualify for bonus-Except as hereinafter provided every employee in a coal mine to which this Scheme applies shall be eligible to qualify for bonus. Exceptions - An employee in a coal mine shall not be entitled to a bonus under the Scheme for the period during which - (a) ................... (b) he is employed as a mali, sweeper or domestic servant on domestic or personal work . ... . ". Under this Section every employee of the Company except as therein provided is eligible for bonus The exception provides that a person though an employee in a colliery is not entitled to bonus inter alla for the period during which he is employed as a mali, sweeper or domestic servant on domestic and personal work. Two conditions are therefore necessary to render an employee ineligible for bonus: (1) that he is employed as a mali, a sweeper or a domestic servant and (2) that he performs during the relevant period domestic or personal work.To render an employee ineligible for bonus under this exception both the Capacity and the nature of work are relevant Factors. It follows that even though an employee is employed as a mali, a sweeper or a domestic servant if he does non-domestic or non-personal work he will be entitled to bonus and would lose his right to it only during that period that he does domestic or personal work. In Bhowra Colliery v. Its Workmen, 1982-1 Lab LJ 378 (SC) this Court construed this very exception and held that if the concerned workmen were employed and worked as garden mazdoors and malis to look after the gardens attached to the bungalows occupied by the Colliery officers they would not be eligible for the bonus notwithstanding the fact that the bungalows were owned by the Colliery, the workmen were Collierys employees and worked under the Companys orders and were liable to be transferred from one job to another. Thus the employment of a person as a mali, sweeper or a domestic servant and discharge by him of domestic or personal work as distinguished from non-domestic and non-personal work i.e., work relating to the colliery, are necessary conditions before the exception can apply. 9. In new of the admitted position that the respondents-workmen were employees of the Company the burden of proof that they fell within the exception is clearly on the Company. In its written statement the Company no doubt averred that these workmen were employed as domestic servants and carried out domestic and personal duties and were therefore not eligible for the bonus. But it is clear from the evidence of the two witnesses examined by the Company that the Company failed to establish either that the respondent were employed as domestic servants or that they were exclusively engaged on domestic or personal work. On the other hand, from the evidence of Sibu, one of the respondent workmen, it appears that the respondents were employed in the colliery, that they were not assigned the exclusive duty of supplying water at the residence of the junior officers but that they supplied water at certain pit heads. On this evidence the Labour Court has given a finding that they were engaged in supplying water at certain points in the colliery. In these circumstances the Labour Court was justified in coming to the conclusion that the exception did not apply. 10. The last contention which remains to be considered was that the Labour Court was not right in awarding the claim of the workmen in full, both as regards bonus and railway fares and leave wages. According to the Company, none of these workmen was in its employment in 1948, that they were appointed at different dates end that they would at best be entitled to bonus for the period during which they were so employed. This contention has, however, no force in view of the Company not having disputed the quantum of relief claimed by the workmen both as regards bonus as also the railway fares and leave wages. 11.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]5. It is clear that the right to the benefit which is sought to be computed must be an existing one, that is to say, already adjudicated upon or provided for and must arise in the course of and in relation to the relationship between an industrial workman and his employer. Since the scope of sub-section (2) is wider than that of sub-s. (1) and the sub-section is not confined to cases arising under an award, settlement or under the provisions of Chapter V-A, there is no reason to hold that a benefit provided by a statute or a Scheme made thereunder, without there being anything contrary under such statute or Section 33-C (2), cannot fall within sub-section (2). Consequently, the benefit provided in the bonus scheme made underthe Coal Mines Provident Fund and Bonus Schemes Act, 1948 which remains to the be computed must fall under sub-section (2) and the Labour Court therefore had jurisdiction to entertain and try such a claim, it being a claim in respect of an existing right arising from the relationship of an industrial workman and his employer.The contention that the Labour Court had no jurisdiction because the claim arose under the said scheme or because the benefit was monetary or because it involved any substantial question between the Company and the workmen must, in view of the said decisions, failThe answer to this contention is clearly provided in the case of Bombay Gas Co., 1964-3 SCR 709   = (AIR 1964 SC 752  ) (supra)The period of three years of limitation thus applies to applications for payment by the Commissioner from the deposit made in the treasury and has no application to claims under S. 33-C (2) which as aforesaid makes no provision for limitation8. The contention that the respondents workmen, though admittedly the employees of the appellant company, were not entitled to bonus under the Scheme as they were doing domestic and personal work, viz., of supplying water at the residence of certain junior officers of the Company throughout the relevant period, is also not tenableThus the employment of a person as a mali, sweeper or a domestic servant and discharge by him of domestic or personal work as distinguished from non-domestic and non-personal work i.e., work relating to the colliery, are necessary conditions before the exception can apply9. In new of the admitted position that the respondents-workmen were employees of the Company the burden of proof that they fell within the exception is clearly on the Company. In its written statement the Company no doubt averred that these workmen were employed as domestic servants and carried out domestic and personal duties and were therefore not eligible for the bonus. But it is clear from the evidence of the two witnesses examined by the Company that the Company failed to establish either that the respondent were employed as domestic servants or that they were exclusively engaged on domestic or personal work. On the other hand, from the evidence of Sibu, one of the respondent workmen, it appears that the respondents were employed in the colliery, that they were not assigned the exclusive duty of supplying water at the residence of the junior officers but that they supplied water at certain pit heads. On this evidence the Labour Court has given a finding that they were engaged in supplying water at certain points in the colliery. In these circumstances the Labour Court was justified in coming to the conclusion that the exception did not apply10. The last contention which remains to be considered was that the Labour Court was not right in awarding the claim of the workmen in full, both as regards bonus and railway fares and leave wages. According to the Company, none of these workmen was in its employment in 1948, that they were appointed at different dates end that they would at best be entitled to bonus for the period during which they were so employed. This contention has, however, no force in view of the Company not having disputed the quantum of relief claimed by the workmen both as regards bonus as also the railway fares and leave wagesA contemplates that the employer has first to tender the bonus payable to the workman under the Scheme. If the bonus, in spite of the tender, remains unclaimed for six months after such tender, he is required to have it credited in the Reserve Account established under the Scheme. The Section then provides by Cl. 2 that the bonus amount shall be paid in the seventh month from the end of the quarter to which it relates by depositing it in such government treasury as may be prescribed and the original challan of such deposit shall be sent within the time set out therein to the Coal Mines Provident Fund Commissioner. Clause (3) then provides that a workman who desires payment of arrears of bonus payable to him shall apply to the said Commissioner within three years from the last date of the quarter to which the bonus relates.The period of three years of limitation thus applies to applications for payment by the Commissioner from the deposit made in the treasury and has no application to claims under S.33C(2) which as aforesaid makes no provision for