Case: Amit Vs. State of Maharashtra & Another

Oral Judgment: (P.N. Deshmukh, J.) 1. Rule. Rule is made returnable forthwith. Heard finally by consent of learned counsel of both the parties. None for non-applicant no.2 though served. 2. This application is filed for quashing of FIR registered vide Crime No.247 of 2017 dated 1st July, 2017 for the offence punishable under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, on the basis of report lodged by non-applicant no.2 against the applicant. 3. In his complaint non-applicant no.2 alleged that Mahesh Patil, who was his elder brother, died of committing suicide and during the course of investigation police recovered one suicide note from the pant pocket of deceased which was identified by him to be in the hand writing of his deceased brother. As per contents therein, due to outstanding of loan instalments, the executive of the Finance Company, who had provided funds, was insisting him to make payment of loan and for this reason deceased Mahesh was under mental stress. According to non-applicant no.2, from the suicide note it is further revealed that applicant is one of the office bearers of Bajaj Finance Company and as he had insisted him for making payment of loan, deceased committed suicide upon which, on the basis of report lodged by non-applicant no.2, offence as aforesaid came to be registered. 4. Learned counsel for applicant submitted that from the contents of report no ingredients of Section 306 Indian Penal Code can be said to be established. According to him, at the most deceased can be said to be the victim of circumstance alone and has therefore contended that as applicant is innocent having no nexus with death of Mahesh Patil, application is liable to be allowed. 5. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor, on the other hand, submitted that from the contents of report, ingredients of Section 306 Indian Penal Code are clearly made out as from it, it is found that the deceased had specifically mentioned that because of the continuous harassment by the applicant, he committed suicide as was frustrated and has also contended that involvement of applicant to have instigated for commission of suicide by deceased is further established from the statements of witnesses and from Call Detail Report (C.D.R.) establishing frequent phone calls by applicant to deceased. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor thus, on relying upon the law laid down in the case of Didigam Bikshapathi ..vs.. state of Andhra Pradesh reported in 2007 LawSuit (SC)1419 submitted that the application is liable to be dismissed. 6. Considering the contents of report as aforesaid of the alleged calling and requests made by applicant to deceased for payment of loan, by itself establish fact of deceased being defaulter in paying the instalments of loan on due date. Apart from the applicant, from the FIR it is also revealed that co-accused Sachin Bramhe, who is office bearer of Mahendra Finance Company is also alleged with same act of requesting deceased to make payment of unpaid instalments of loan amount. In view of facts as aforesaid, the only role which can be attributed to applicant is of his doing job by contacting deceased for payment of monthly instalments of the loan amount paid to him. In fact, from the document filed in support of the application, which is the loan statement of account of Bajaj Finance Company, it is noted that postdated cheques issued by non-applicant no.2 to the applicants company are repeatedly bounced for insufficient funds and therefore on calling by non-applicant no.2, applicant visited non-applicant no.2 and collected cash amount against the dishonoured cheques. These facts by itself are sufficient to establish fact of deceased having obtained loan amounts of which instalments were due to be paid by him and even according to the non-applicant no.2, for that reason deceased Mahesh was under mental stressed. 7. In the background of above facts, we find it useful to refer to Section 107 Indian Penal Code and to section 306 Indian Penal Code, 1860, which are reproduced here below : Section 107 Indian Penal Code, 1860 defines abetment to mean that a person abets the doing of a thing if he firstly instigates any person to do that thing or secondly engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy and in order to the doing of that thing or thirdly, intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission the doing of that thing. Section 306 IPC reads as under: 306. Abetment of suicide – if any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. From a bare reading of the provision, it is clear that to constitute an offence under Section 306 IPC, the prosecution has to establish: (i) that a person committed suicide, and (ii) that such suicide was abetted by the accused. In other words, an offence under Section 306 would stand only if there is an abetment for the commission of the crime. 8. As per Section 107 of I.P.C., a person can be said to have abetted in doing a thing, if he, firstly, instigates any person to do that thing; or secondly, engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing, or thirdly, intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing. 9. Explanation to Section 107 states that any wilful misrepresentation or wilful concealment of material fact which he is bound to disclose, may also come within the contours of abetment. It is manifest that under all the three situations, direct involvement of the person or persons concerned in the commission of offence of suicide is essential to bring home the offence under Section 306 IPC. 10. Therefore, the question for consideration is whether the allegations levelled against the appellant in the FIR and the material collected during the course of investigations, would attract any one of the ingredients of Section 107 IPC 11. In view of above required ingredients to be established for the purpose of attracting offence under Section 306 Indian Penal Code, when the contents of report as well as of suicide note, which is made available by the prosecution, is perused; plane reading thereof would reveal that due to obtaining such funds from various financial institutions deceased was in a great stress and was depressed. As against this, in a case of Didigam Bikshapathi, (cited supra) relied by the prosecution, the suicide note clearly referred to the acts of the accused and the roles played by them and as such, involvement of accused is found to be established. 12. The legal position with regard to essential ingredients necessary to attract the provisions of Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code are now well settled. The Division Bench of this Court in the case of Seema Bhoosreddy ..vs.. State of Mah., reported in 2012(2) Mh.L.J. (Cri) 459, relying upon the decisions of the Honble Supreme Court in Madan Mohan Singh ..vs.. State of Gujrat reported in (2010)8 SCC 628 and in S.S.Chheema ..vs.. Vijay Kumar Mahajan reported in 2010 ALL MR (Cri) 3298 in para 18 thereof has held thus - 18. It can thus, be clearly seen that for proceeding further with the trial against the accused for an offence punishable under Section 306, it is necessary for the prosecution to at least, prima facie, establish that the accused had an intention to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to commit suicide. In the absence of availability of such material, the accused cannot be compelled to face trial for the offence punishable under Section 306. As held by the Apex Court, an abetment involves mental process of instigating the person or intentionally aiding the person for doing of a thing. Without a positive act on the part of the accused in aiding or instigating or abetting the deceased to commit suicide, the said person cannot be compelled to face a trial. Unless there is clear mens rea to commit the offence or an active act or direct act which led the deceased to commit suicide seeing no option or the act intending to push the deceased into such a position, the trial against the accused under Section 306 cannot be permitted. 13. In the light of aforesaid legal position when the material on record is considered on its face value, it can be seen that non-applicant no.2 who is brother of deceased and the first informant, has lodged report on the basis of contents of suicide note which was shown to him by police that, prior to the death, deceased had obtained loan and the loan instalments were outstanding for which the executive of the Finance Company had visited him requesting for making payment of outstanding loan amounts. According to non-applicant no.2/ complainant, he was also aware of said fact and stated that for this reason deceased used to be under mental stress. In view of above stated fact thus, there appears no reason to continue prosecution for the offence under Section 306 of Indian Penal Code as it is necessary for the prosecution to at least prima facie establish that accused had an intention to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to commit suicide. Abetment involves mental process of instigating a person or intentionally aiding a person in doing of a thing and without a positive act on the part of the accused in aiding or instigating or abetting the deceased to commit suicide, the said persons cannot be compelled to face the trial. 14. In the present case, taking the allegations at its face value, it cannot be said that any positive or proximate act is attributed to the present applicant. Assuming for a moment that the allegation that the applicant had contacted deceased personally or telephonically, that too, repeatedly asking for payment of installments, that cannot be said to be an instigation to a person to commit suicide, more particularly when according to the complainant, deceased was under mental stress and as such, being a sensitive person, possibility of deceased having no tolerance to face the situation of his owing any amount to financial institutions due to failure on his part to not to pay monthly instalments in time and as such being under mental stress leading to commit suicide also cannot be ruled out. There is no material to indicate that applicant had either any intention to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to commit suicide as there is no reference to any direct or active part of applicant which led deceased to commit suicide. Even the chit found in the pant pocket of the deceased does not contain any such material to indicate any instigation or abetment on the part of applicant that could be treated as having led deceased to commit suicide.

Decision reasoning: 1[ds]6. Considering the contents of report as aforesaid of the alleged calling and requests made by applicant to deceased for payment of loan, by itself establish fact of deceased being defaulter in paying the instalments of loan on due date. Apart from the applicant, from the FIR it is also revealed thatd Sachin Bramhe, who is office bearer of Mahendra Finance Company is also alleged with same act of requesting deceased to make payment of unpaid instalments of loan amount. In view of facts as aforesaid, the only role which can be attributed to applicant is of his doing job by contacting deceased for payment of monthly instalments of the loan amount paid to him. In fact, from the document filed in support of the application, which is the loan statement of account of Bajaj Finance Company, it is noted that postdated cheques issued byt no.2 to the applicants company are repeatedly bounced for insufficient funds and therefore on calling byt no.2 and collected cash amount against the dishonoured cheques. These facts by itself are sufficient to establish fact of deceased having obtained loan amounts of which instalments were due to be paid by him and even according to thet no.2, for that reason deceased Mahesh was under mental stressedFrom a bare reading of the provision, it is clear that to constitute an offence under Section 306 IPC, the prosecution has to establish: (i) that a person committed suicide, and (ii) that such suicide was abetted by the accused. In other words, an offence under Section 306 would stand only if there is an abetment for the commission of the crime8. As per Section 107 of I.P.C., a person can be said to have abetted in doing a thing, if he, firstly, instigates any person to do that thing; or secondly, engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing, or thirdly, intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing11. In view of above required ingredients to be established for the purpose of attracting offence under Section 306 Indian Penal Code, when the contents of report as well as of suicide note, which is made available by the prosecution, is perused; plane reading thereof would reveal that due to obtaining such funds from various financial institutions deceased was in a great stress and was depressed. As against this, in a case of Didigam Bikshapathi, (cited supra) relied by the prosecution, the suicide note clearly referred to the acts of the accused and the roles played by them and as such, involvement of accused is found to be established13. In the light of aforesaid legal position when the material on record is considered on its face value, it can be seen thatt no.2 who is brother of deceased and the first informant, has lodged report on the basis of contents of suicide note which was shown to him by police that, prior to the death, deceased had obtained loan and the loan instalments were outstanding for which the executive of the Finance Company had visited him requesting for making payment of outstanding loan amounts. According tot no.2/ complainant, he was also aware of said fact and stated that for this reason deceased used to be under mental stress. In view of above stated fact thus, there appears no reason to continue prosecution for the offence under Section 306 of Indian Penal Code as it is necessary for the prosecution to at least prima facie establish that accused had an intention to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to commit suicide. Abetment involves mental process of instigating a person or intentionally aiding a person in doing of a thing and without a positive act on the part of the accused in aiding or instigating or abetting the deceased to commit suicide, the said persons cannot be compelled to face the trial14. In the present case, taking the allegations at its face value, it cannot be said that any positive or proximate act is attributed to the present applicant. Assuming for a moment that the allegation that the applicant had contacted deceased personally or telephonically, that too, repeatedly asking for payment of installments, that cannot be said to be an instigation to a person to commit suicide, more particularly when according to the complainant, deceased was under mental stress and as such, being a sensitive person, possibility of deceased having no tolerance to face the situation of his owing any amount to financial institutions due to failure on his part to not to pay monthly instalments in time and as such being under mental stress leading to commit suicide also cannot be ruled out. There is no material to indicate that applicant had either any intention to aid or instigate or abet the deceased to commit suicide as there is no reference to any direct or active part of applicant which led deceased to commit suicide. Even the chit found in the pant pocket of the deceased does not contain any such material to indicate any instigation or abetment on the part of applicant that could be treated as having led deceased to commit suicide.