Case: State of Punjab and Another Vs. Dina Nath

MADON, J.1. This appeal by special leave from the Judgment and decree in Second Appeal of the Punjab and Haryana High Court involves the determination of the question whether section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, applies to an attachments and sale in revenue recovery proceedings adopted under the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887 (hereinafter referred to as "the said Act").2. The facts which have given rise to this question are that Dina Nath the Respondent along with one Gora Lal and Sat Pal, had been granted a liquor vending licence for the year 1968-69 by the Excise and Taxation Department of the State of Punjab, Patiala Division, in respect of which they had to pay a sum of Rs. 1, 38, 000 as licence fee. The licences paid a sum of Rs. 86, 450, leaving the balance unpaid in spite of repeated reminders. Ultimately, recovery proceedings under the said Act were started by the department and the Collector. Excise and Taxation Department, Patiala, by his order dated January 16, 1976, issued a proclamation prohibiting the transfer or creation of a charge by the Respondent of his half share in an immovable property consisting of a plot of land bearing Khewat No. 374, Khatuni NO. 511. Khasra No. 39710-19, situate in village Ghagga, with a building constructed thereon . The auction in respect of the said share of the Respondent in the said property was notified for June 14, 1977. Just a day prior to the holding of the said auction sale the Respondent filed a suit in the Court of Sub-Judge, 1st Class, Patiala-C, being Suit No. 472/13-6- 77, against the State of Punjab and the Collector-cum-Deputy Excise and Taxation Commissioner, Patiala Division, for a permanent injunction restraining the State and the Collector-cum-Deputy Excise and Taxation Commissioner from auctioning his said half share. The contention of the Respondent was that a part of the building standing on the said plot of land was being used by him for his residence and he had no other residential house and, therefore , his said half share was exempt from attachment under clause (ccc) of the proviso to sub-section (l) of section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as the Code), inserted in the said section 60 by a State amendment. The proviso to sub-section (I) of the said section 60 sets out the properties which are not liable to attachment or sale, and the said clause (ccc) provides as follows:"(ccc) one main residential house and other buildings attached to it (with the material and the sites thereof and the land immediately appurtenant thereto and necessary for their enjoyment) belonging to a judgment-debtor other than an agriculturist and occupied by him;Provided that the protection afforded by this clause shall not extend to any property specifically charged with the debt sought to be recovered."3. It is pertinent to note that in the said suit the Respondent did not challenge his liability to pay the amount claimed from him. Several contentions were raised in the written statement filed by the Appellants, who were the defendants to the said suit, including the contention that the property attached and notified for sale was not exempt from attachment and sale. The Appellants also contested the jurisdiction of the court. The Trial Court upheld both these contentions and dismissed the suit with costs. The Respondent then filed an appeal to the District Judge, Patiala, being Civil Appeal No. 554 of 5.9.79. The Additional District Judge, Patiala, who heard the said appeal, dismissed it with costs. The Respondent thereupon approached the Punjab and Haryana High Court in second appeal, being Regular Second Appeal No. 294 1 of 1980. The learned, Single t - Judge of the High Court, who heard the said appeal, after observing that "the conclusion arrived at by the trial court on facts was per- verse whereas the appellate court applied totally a wrong law in deciding the appeal", allowed the said second appeal, holding that the portion of the said building used for residence was exempt from attachment and sale under clause (ccc) of the proviso to the said section 60, while that portion in which the liquor shop was situated was liable to be attached, and accordingly issued a permanent injunction with regard to the portion in which the Respondent was residing and dismissed the suit so far as it related to the portion of the building in which the liquor shop was situated. The parties were further directed tn bear their own costs. The question of jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain and try the suit filed by the Respondent does not appear to have been raised before the High Court. It is against this judgment and decree of the High Court that this appeal is directed.In our opinion, the learned Single Judge of the High Court was wrong both in his criticism of the subordinate courts an d in allowing the Respondents said Second Appeal. Section 60 of the Code specifies the properties which are liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree. The opening words of sub-section (I) of section 60 are "The following property is liable to attachment and sale in execution of a decree". Clause (2) of section 2 of the Code defines the term "decree". The relevant provisions of the said definition are as follows:"(2) "decree" means the formal expression of an adjudication which, so far as regards the Court expressing it, conclusively determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit and may be either preliminary of final...."4. Section 60 of the Code thus applies only to execution of the decrees of civil courts and declares what properties are liable to be attached and sold in execution of such a decree and the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 60 sets out the properties which are not liable to such attachment or sale, The opening words of the said proviso are "Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or, sale, namely".:- The expression "such attachment or sale" in the said proviso refers to the attachment and sale mentioned in sub section (1) of section 60, that is, to attachment and sale in execution of a a decree. On a plain reading of the said section 60, it is clear that section has no application to attachment and sale in any proceedings other than in execution of a decree of a civil court., The provisions of section 60 of the Code do not apply to an attachment and sale under any of her statute made expressly applicable thereto. So far as the said Act is concerned, it contains a complete code providing for the modes and machinery for recovery of arrears of revenue. The attachment in a question was levied under the provisions of the said Act and the sale which was notified was also under the provisions of the said Act. The attachment levied on, and the auction sale notified in respect of, the Respondents half share in the said property were not in execution of any decree of a civil court but were in pursuance of the order made by an officer authorized to adopt proceedings under the said Act for recovery of revenue due to the State. There is no provision in the said Act which makes the provisions of section 60 of the Code applicable to attachment and sale for recovery of revenue under the said Act. The properties, if my, which are exempt from attachment and sale in revenue recovery proceedings under the said Act would be only such properties as are so exempted by the said Act. There is no provision in the said Act corresponding to cl. (ccc) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 60 of, the Code, and the half share of the Respondent in the said property was, therefore, not exempt from attachment and sale in revenue recovery proceedings adopted under the said Act. Consequently, the Respondents suit was liable to be dismissed on this ground alone.Fo

Decision reasoning: 1[ds]Section 60 of the Code thus applies only to execution of the decrees of civil courts and declares what properties are liable to be attached and sold in execution of such a decree and the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 60 sets out the properties which are not liable to such attachment or sale, The opening words of the said proviso are "Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or, sale, namely".:- The expression "such attachment or sale" in the said proviso refers to the attachment and sale mentioned in sub section (1) of section 60, that is, to attachment and sale in execution of a a decree. On a plain reading of the said section 60, it is clear that section has no application to attachment and sale in any proceedings other than in execution of a decree of a civil court., The provisions of section 60 of the Code do not apply to an attachment and sale under any of her statute made expressly applicable thereto. So far as the said Act is concerned, it contains a complete code providing for the modes and machinery for recovery of arrears of revenue. The attachment in a question was levied under the provisions of the said Act and the sale which was notified was also under the provisions of the said Act. The attachment levied on, and the auction sale notified in respect of, the Respondents half share in the said property were not in execution of any decree of a civil court but were in pursuance of the order made by an officer authorized to adopt proceedings under the said Act for recovery of revenue due to the State. There is no provision in the said Act which makes the provisions of section 60 of the Code applicable to attachment and sale for recovery of revenue under the said Act. The properties, if my, which are exempt from attachment and sale in revenue recovery proceedings under the said Act would be only such properties as are so exempted by the said Act. There is no provision in the said Act corresponding to cl. (ccc) of the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 60 of, the Code, and the half share of the Respondent in the said property was, therefore, not exempt from attachment and sale in revenue recovery proceedings adopted under the said Act. Consequently, the Respondents suit was liable to be dismissed on this ground alone.