Case: Indian Aluminium Co. Ltd Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal

S.K. Das, J. 1. This is an appeal with special leave from an order dated May 29 1956 passed by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (Calcutta Bench), Calcutta, disallowing the assessees claim for deducting a sum of Rupees 1,24,199 odd under the provisions of Section 10(2)(xv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. 2. The assessee, appellant before us, is a public limited company with its registered office in Calcutta. Its principal business is the manufacture of aluminium ingots, sheets, circles, aluminium alloys, etc, and production of various aluminium or alloy products. Under a deed of agreement dated January 31, 1947 made with the appellant, the Aluminium Laboratories Ltd., Montreal, Canada, a foreign company, having laboratories and research facilities in Canada and United Kingdom, agreed in consideration of an annual retainer fee to provide regularly and diligently technical and engineering informations, advice, and service, etc. to the appellant on the basis of research carried on in their laboratories. The case of the appellant was that such technical and engineering informations, etc. were essential for the maintenance of the standard of its products on a par with those of other competitors in the field. The remuneration which the foreign company had to be paid was payable at Montreal in Canadian dollars. For seven accounting years ending on September 30 each year, from l944-50, the appellant owed to the foreign company on account of technical fees and dues under the Agreement diverse sums amounting to Rs. 2,50,808/- which the appellant duly credited from year to year to the account of the foreign company. Owing to the difficulties of exchange control and regulation the appellant was unable to make actual payment of the bulk of the said sum to the foreign company. On or about March 16, 1951, the Income-tax Officer concerned in assessing the appellant held that (1) the said sum of Rs. 2,50,808/- credited to the account of the foreign company was chargeable under the Indian Income-tax Act; (2) the appellant was liable under Ss. 18(3A) and 18(3B) of the Act to deduct and pay appropriate income-tax and super tax on the sums as and when they were credited to the account of the foreign company and (3) as there was no such deduction and payment the appellant should be deemed to be an assessee in default within the meaning of S 18(7) of the Act. The total income-tax and super-tax on the sums credited as aforesaid amounted to Rs. 1,24,199. 3 nP. The Income-tax Officer gave the appellant time to pay up the said amount on or before March 30, 1951. 3. There was an appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner who held that though the sums payable to the foreign company were chargeable to income-tax, the liability to deduct and pay tax under Ss. 18(3A) and 18(3B) arose not when the sums were credited to the account of the foreign company but at the time, of actual physical payment. He, therefore, set aside the order of the Income-tax Officer. 4. On appeals against the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, both by, the appellant and the Income-tax Officer, the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, Calcutta Bench, held against the appellant on both the points and restored the order of the Income-tax Officer. In consequence of the said decision and to save itself from the consequences of a drastic recovery proceeding the appellant paid the amount on or about April 16, 1953. However, the appellant, simultaneously took up the matter with the foreign company and requested the company to reimburse the appellant in the matter of the tax paid on behalf of the foreign company. The foreign company, however, repudiated its liability to pay the tax. Thereupon, as a matter of commercial expediency and necessity the appellant treated the sum of Rs. 1,24,199 odd paid to Government as an extra expenditure incurred in its business and claimed a deduction in respect thereof under S. 10(2)(xv) of the Act, in the assessment proceedings for the year 1954-55. The appellant claimed that the amount paid was expended "wholly and exclusively for the purpose of carrying on its business. 5. The Income-tax Officer concerned disallowed the claim. There was an unsuccessful appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. An appeal was then taken to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and by the order complained of, namely, the order dated May 29, 1956, the Tribunal dismissed the appeal. The appellant thereupon applied to the Tribunal under S. 66 (1) of the Act to make a reference to the High Court on the question as to whether the sum, of Rs. 1,24,199.3 nP. incurred by the appellant during the relevant accounting year was deductible under S. 10(2)(xv) of the Act. The Tribunal rejected the application on the ground that the question did not arise from the order of the Tribunal. The High Court of Calcutta also rejected the appellants application under S. 66(2)of the Act. The appellant then moved this Court for special leave to appeal from the order of the Tribunal dated May 29, 1956 and special leave was granted by an order dated February 10. 1958:. No special leave to appeal was asked for nor was such leave granted, in respect of the subsequent order of the Tribunal dated November 12, 1956, rejecting the application for a reference to the High Court or the order of the High Court dated July 24, 1957, by which the High Court rejected the application under S.66(2)of the Act. 6. The question which has arisen in this appeal by way of a preliminary objection, is whether in the circumstances set out above, special leave to appeal from the decision of the Tribunal dated May 29, 1956 was properly given under Art. 136 of the Constitution and whether the appellant is entitled to ask this Court to exercise its discretion under the said Article when it did not move against the subsequent orders of the Board and the High Court under S. 66 of the Act. 7. This question fell for consideration in very similar circumstances in Chandi Prasad v. State of Bihar, Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959: (AIR. 1961 SC 1708) in which we have delivered judgment to-day. As a matter of fact this appeal was heard along with Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959: (AIR 1961 SC 1708 ) and full arguments were heard from Counsel for both sides. Following the decision in Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959; (AIR 1961SC1708) we hold that special leave to appeal from the decision of the Tribunal dated, May 29, 1956, was not properly granted in this case and the appellant is not entitled to ask us to exercise our power under Art. 136 of the Constitution, when it did not move against the subsequent orders of the Board and the High Court. 8. We accordingly uphold the preliminary objection and dismiss the appeal with costs.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]7. This question fell for consideration in very similar circumstances in Chandi Prasad v. State of Bihar, Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959: (AIR. 1961 SC 1708)   in which we have delivered judgment to-day. As a matter of fact this appeal was heard along with Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959: (AIR 1961 SC 1708  ) and full arguments were heard from Counsel for both sides. Following the decision in Civil Appeals Nos. 170-172 of 1959; (AIR 1961SC1708) we hold that special leave to appeal from the decision of the Tribunal dated, May 29, 1956, was not properly granted in this case and the appellant is not entitled to ask us to exercise our power under Art. 136 of the Constitution, when it did not move against the subsequent orders of the Board and the High Court8. We accordingly uphold the preliminary objection and dismiss the appeal with costs.