Case: Commissioner Of Income-Tax, Madras Vs. M. K. Stremann, Madras

Sikri, J.1. This is an appeal by special leave directed against the judgment of the Madras High Court answering a question referred to it by the Appellate Tribunal against the Revenue. The Appellate Tribunal had referred the following three questions:1. Whether there was material for the Tribunal to reach the conclusion that the various assets in question belonged only to the assessee in his individual capacity till 19th December, 1952?2. If the answer to the first question is in the affirmative, whether the deed, Annexure B aforesaid, amounted to a transfer of assets to the three minor children aforesaid so as to attract the provisions of S. 16(3)(a)(iv) of the Income-tax Act?3. If the answer to the first question is in the negative, the Income-tax Officer having rejected the claim of partition under S. 25A and the assessee not having independently appealed against such decision, whether the assessee is entitled in law to any modification of the assessment other than the status alone?Question No. 1 was answered by the High Court in favour of the Revenue; question No. 2 against the Revenue and question No. 3 in favour of the assessee. The respondent, M. K. Stremann, hereinafter referred to as the assessee, has not filed any appeal against the answer given to question No. 1 and this has become final. From the way the questions have been worded, we are only concerned with the point whether the High Court rightly answered question No. 2.2. The facts relevant for the disposal of this appeal are as follows. The father of the assessee, Kulandavelu Mudaliar, was an agent of Muller and Phipps (India) Ltd., for the sale of its pharmaceutical preparations in Madras. While he was an agent, the assessee was employed as an assistant by the said Company. Kulandavelu died on July 27, 1938, leaving a house property at Ayalur Muthiah Mudali Street, a few insurance policies and income-tax refunds due to him. The assessee realised a total amount of Rs. 26,600 from these and with these proceeds he purchased a house at No. 3, Varadarajulu Naidu Street in December, 1945. There is no dispute that this property was joint Hindu family property.3. On the retirement of his father as agent of Muller and Phipps Ltd., the assessee was appointed as agent in his individual capacity. From 1938-39 till 1952-53, he was assessed as an individual not only on the income from the agency but also incomes from joint Hindu family property. He maintained only one set of accounts both for his income from the agency and from J. H. F. property. In 1944, one son was born, and another son was born in 1945.4. On December 19, 1952, the assessee executed a deed of partition and on its basis claimed before the Income-tax Officer, in the course of assessment proceedings for the assessment year 1953-54. (accounting year ending March 31, 1953) that an order under S. 25A be passed and separate assessments made on each of the members of the erstwhile family as from December 19, 1952. The Income-tax Officer held that the mere existence of any ancestral property, however, small would not render all self acquired property part and parcel of the joint family assets by the mere fact that the incomes are not separately accounted for. He held that there was no partition but simply a case of donation made by the assessee of his own self-acquired property and S.16(3)(a) (iv) was attracted. In the alternative, he held that assuming that the assessees assets have been "thrown into the common stock and after becoming assets of the joint family was divided between him and minor children, S. 16 (3) (a) (iv) is again attracted because the said section applies to both the direct and indirect transfers of the assets to minor children...... It would have been an indirect transfer to minor children if the transfer is effected by the interposition of a joint family by a legal fiction."5. On appeal, art additional point was sought to be made by the asscssee that the commission business was ancestral business in his hands, but the Appellate Assistant Commissioner did not accede to this contention. He further held that the Income-tax Officer was justified in ignoring the partition deed.6. The Appellate Tribunal held that there was no evidence that all assets and liabilities including the agency business were transferred to the JHF in 1944, when his first son was born, or later. It further observed.“The first time we hear of the family possessing the assets in question is the deed of dissolution in which there is a recital to that effect. This certainly cannot constitute an unequivocal declaration of the admitted individual investing his self-acquired properties with the character of joint family property referred to in the judgment in 1955-28 ITR 352 : ((S) AIR 1955 Mad 623 ) Subramania Ayyar v. Commissioner of Income. tax".Accordingly, it held that the partition deed came within the ambit of S. 16. As stated above, the Appellate Tribunal referred there questions to the High Court. The High Court answered the questions in the manner mentioned above.7. Mr. Rajagopala Sastri, the learned counsel for the Revenue, has urged the following points:(1) That question No. 2 did not arise out of the order of the Appellate Tribunal and the High Court should have refused to answer the question.(2) That before the partition there was no antecedent blending of self-acquired properties with ancestral property.(3) That the partition deed effects a direct transfer of assess to the minor children within S. 16(3)(a)(iv).8. The first point was not raised before the High Court or in the statement of the case in this Court. We accordingly cannot allow this point to be raised at this stage.9. The second point depends on the interpretation of the partition deed, dated December 19, 1952. This deed was executed between the assessee, his two minor sons and minor daughter, the latter three being represented by their mother. It recites that the father of the assessee died on July 27, 1938, leaving a house and other movable investment and cash and that the assessee succeeded to the said property and the agency of Messrs Muller and Phipps. Then follow two clauses which are important and they are:Whereas the party of the first part has been earning commission and acquiring properties and blending his money with the assets inherited from his father and treating the entire properties extant before and after the birth of the parties of the second and third parts till this date as joint family property without making any discrimination or distinction;Whereas the party of the first part is desirous of making the legal character of the assets that exist now and the legal relationship between the parties definite and to make an arrangement of partition of the parties of the first, second and third parts and also to provide for making jewels, maintenance and marriage for the party of the fourth part, in exercise of his powers as a Hindu father, in order to ensure peaceful enjoyment and friendly relationship between the parties and to keep his own future earnings separate with powers to deal with them in any manner he liked. "10. Mr. Sastri contends that as the recital in the first clause reproduced above has been found to be false, there is no antecedent blending of the self-acquired property with ancestral property before it is partitioned among the parties. He says that all the clauses took effect on the, signature of the deed, and no moment of time elapsed between the alleged blending and partition. We are unable to accede to this contention. In the first clause above, it is recited that the assessee has been blending his money with inherited assets till this date. In other words, it asserts a continuous course of conduct ending with the day when the deed was executed. The deed seems to be carefully drafted and the assessee must have given instructions as to the contents of the draft. When instructions are given that the self-acquired property is to be treated as joint family property, in our opinion, at that moment the property assumes the character of joint family property. On execution, the deed becomes evidence of a preexisting fact, i.e., of throwing the self-acquired property into the hotchpotch. The words "till this date" are significant and must be given effect to. The High Court, in our opinion, was right in observing that "the partition proceeded on the basis that the self-acquired properties were made available for partition along with the only item of joint family property. That itself constituted proof that antecedent to the partition, however short the interval, there was blending of the self-acquired properties of the assessee with his ancestral joint family property". We agree with the High Court that "whether the averment in relation to the past was supported by other evidence or not, it certainly was unequivocal that the properties dealt with at the partition were treated by the volition of the assessee as the properties available for partition between the members of the joint family. It was certainly an unequivocal declaration that all the properties dealt with under that partition had been impressed with the character of joint family properties, properties belonging to joint family of the assessee and his sons. The genuineness of the transaction itself was never in issue. The result was that at least on 19th December, 1952, antecedent to the partition, the properties became impressed with the character of joint family property. There was a partition on 19th December, 1952. Thereafter, the properties allotted to the shares of the assessee and his divided sons were held by them in severally."11. We have just pronounced judgment in The Commissioner of Income-tax, Gujarat v. Keshavlal Lallubhai, Civil Appeal No. 1022 of 1963, dated 9-11-1964 : (AIR 1965 SC 866 ), and following that judgment we hold that there is no force in the third point raised by Mr. Sastri.

Decision reasoning: 0[ds]We are unable to accede to this contention. In the first clause above, it is recited that the assessee has been blending his money with inherited assets till this date. In other words, it asserts a continuous course of conduct ending with the day when the deed was executed. The deed seems to be carefully drafted and the assessee must have given instructions as to the contents of the draft. When instructions are given that the self-acquired property is to be treated as joint family property, in our opinion, at that moment the property assumes the character of joint family property. On execution, the deed becomes evidence of a preexisting fact, i.e., of throwing the self-acquired property into the hotchpotch. The words "till this date" are significant and must be given effect to. The High Court, in our opinion, was right in observing that "the partition proceeded on the basis that the self-acquired properties were made available for partition along with the only item of joint family property. That itself constituted proof that antecedent to the partition, however short the interval, there was blending of the self-acquired properties of the assessee with his ancestral joint family property". We agree with the High Court that "whether the averment in relation to the past was supported by other evidence or not, it certainly was unequivocal that the properties dealt with at the partition were treated by the volition of the assessee as the properties available for partition between the members of the joint family. It was certainly an unequivocal declaration that all the properties dealt with under that partition had been impressed with the character of joint family properties, properties belonging to joint family of the assessee and his sons. The genuineness of the transaction itself was never in issue. The result was that at least on 19th December, 1952, antecedent to the partition, the properties became impressed with the character of joint family property. There was a partition on 19th December, 1952. Thereafter, the properties allotted to the shares of the assessee and his divided sons were held by them in severally."11. We have just pronounced judgment in The Commissioner of Income-tax, Gujarat v. Keshavlal Lallubhai, Civil Appeal No. 1022 of 1963, dated 9-11-1964 : (AIR 1965 SC 866  ), and following that judgment we hold that there is no force in the third point raised by Mr. Sastri.The first point was not raised before the High Court or in the statement of the case in this Court. We accordingly cannot allow this point to be raised at this stage.