Kushalkhemka/embedding-cve-nvd-dataset huggingface dataset:
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27232 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T14:28:40 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.879Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: The RTSPLive555.dll ActiveX control in Pelco Digital Sentry Server 7.18.72.11464 has a SetCameraConnectionParameter stack-based buffer overflow. This can be exploited by a remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary attacker-supplied code. The victim would have to visit a malicious webpage using Internet Explorer where the exploit could be triggered. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://support.pelco.com/s/article/What-is-the-Digital-Sentry-software-release-revision-history - https://g
ferences: - https://support.pelco.com/s/article/What-is-the-Digital-Sentry-software-release-revision-history - https://github.com/vitorespf/Advisories/blob/master/Pelco_Digital_Sentry_Server-RSTPLive555%20Activex%20Buffer%20overflow.txt
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27233 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T03:44:04 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.868Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: An issue was discovered in Mutare Voice (EVM) 3.x before 3.3.8. On the admin portal of the web application, password information for external systems is visible in cleartext. The Settings.asp page is affected by this issue. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.mutare.com/security-adv-mutare-2021-004-mutare-voice/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27234 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T03:43:52 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.082Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: An issue was discovered in Mutare Voice (EVM) 3.x before 3.3.8. The web application suffers from SQL injection on Adminlog.asp, Archivemsgs.asp, Deletelog.asp, Eventlog.asp, and Evmlog.asp. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.mutare.com/security-adv-mutare-2021-002-mutare-voice/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27235 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T03:43:36 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.958Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: An issue was discovered in Mutare Voice (EVM) 3.x before 3.3.8. On the admin portal of the web application, there is a functionality at diagzip.asp that allows anyone to export tables of a database. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.mutare.com/security-adv-mutare-2021-003-mutare-voice/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27236 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T03:43:23 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.949Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: An issue was discovered in Mutare Voice (EVM) 3.x before 3.3.8. getfile.asp allows Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion, which can be leveraged to achieve Remote Code Execution. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.mutare.com/security-adv-mutare-2021-001-mutare-voice/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27237 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-02-16T18:23:00 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.821Z Vendors: n/a Products: n/a Problem Types: n/a Description: The admin panel in BlackCat CMS 1.3.6 allows stored XSS (by an admin) via the Display Name field to backend/preferences/ajax_save.php. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://github.com/BlackCatDevelopment/BlackCatCMS/commits/release-1.4/upload/backend/preferences/ajax_save.php - https://github.com/BlackCatDevelopment/BlackCatCMS/compare/1.3.6...1.4Beta - https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49565
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27239 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:29 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.140Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: Multiple Routers Problem Types: CWE-121 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R6400 and R6700 firmware version 1.0.4.98 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the upnpd service, which listens on UDP port 1900 by default. A crafted MX header field in an SSDP message can trigger an overflow of a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attack
lt. A crafted MX header field in an SSDP message can trigger an overflow of a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-11851. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-206/ - https://kb.netgear.com/000062820/Security-Advisory-for-Stack-based-Buffer-Overflow-Remote-Code-Execution-Vulnerability-on-Some-Routers-PSV-2020-0432
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27240 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:30 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.876Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 7.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: SolarWinds Products: Patch Manager Problem Types: CWE-502 Description: This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of SolarWinds Patch Manager 2020.2.1. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the DataGridService WCF service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization
service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of Administrator. Was ZDI-CAN-12009. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-207/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27241 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:31 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.888Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.1 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H) Vendors: Avast Products: Premium Security Problem Types: CWE-59 Description: This vulnerability allows local attackers to delete arbitrary directories on affected installations of Avast Premium Security 20.8.2429 (Build 20.8.5653.561). An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the AvastSvc.exe module. By creating a directory junction, an attacker can abuse the service to delete a directory.
thin the AvastSvc.exe module. By creating a directory junction, an attacker can abuse the service to delete a directory. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to create a denial-of-service condition on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-12082. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-208/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27242 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:31 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.970Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: Parallels Products: Desktop Problem Types: CWE-787 Description: This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.0.1-48919. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Toolgate component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption conditio
issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-11926. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013 - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-209/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27243 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:32 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.988Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: Parallels Products: Desktop Problem Types: CWE-190 Description: This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.0.1-48919. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Toolgate component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before a
issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before allocating a buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-11924. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013 - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-210/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27244 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:33 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.881Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.5 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N) Vendors: Parallels Products: Desktop Problem Types: CWE-125 Description: This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.0.1-48919. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Toolgate component. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the
mponent. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-11925. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013 - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-211/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27245 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-29T21:05:33 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.952Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.1 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: TP-Link Products: Archer A7 Problem Types: CWE-693 Description: This vulnerability allows a firewall bypass on affected installations of TP-Link Archer A7 prior to Archer C7(US)_V5_210125 and Archer A7(US)_V5_200220 AC1750 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of IPv6 connections. The issue results from the lack of proper filtering of IPv6 SSH connections. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities t
k of proper filtering of IPv6 SSH connections. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12309. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-214/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27246 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:53 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.729Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: TP-Link Products: AC1750 Problem Types: CWE-121 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of TP-Link Archer A7 AC1750 1.0.15 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of MAC addresses by the tdpServer endpoint. A crafted TCP message can write stack pointers to the stack. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the root use
stack pointers to the stack. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the root user. Was ZDI-CAN-12306. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-215/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27247 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:54 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.883Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.5 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) Vendors: Tencent Products: WeChat Problem Types: CWE-125 Description: This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Tencent WeChat 2.9.5 desktop version. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the WXAM decoder. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an
he issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-11907. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-217/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27248 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:54 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.106Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: D-Link Products: DAP-2020 Problem Types: CWE-121 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2020 v1.01rc001 Wi-Fi access points. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the processing of CGI scripts. When parsing the getpage parameter, the process does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. A
does not properly validate the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-10932. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-203/ - https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10201
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27249 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:55 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.144Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: D-Link Products: DAP-2020 Problem Types: CWE-78 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2020 v1.01rc001 Wi-Fi access points. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the processing of CGI scripts. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to
tion of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-11369. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10201 - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-204/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27250 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:56 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.143Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.5 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) Vendors: D-Link Products: DAP-2020 Problem Types: CWE-73 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2020 v1.01rc001 Wi-Fi access points. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the processing of CGI scripts. When parsing the errorpage request parameter, the process does not properly validate a user-supplied path prior to using it in file operations. An attacker ca
ameter, the process does not properly validate a user-supplied path prior to using it in file operations. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose stored credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-11856. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10201 - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-205/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27251 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:56 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.869Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-319 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR Nighthawk R7800. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability The specific flaw exists within handling of firmware updates. The issue results from a fallback to a insecure protocol to deliver updates. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12308. Additional Ana
s. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12308. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-247/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27252 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:57 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.107Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-78 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R7800 firmware version 1.0.2.76. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the vendor_specific DHCP opcode. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerab
er validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12216. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-248/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27253 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-04-14T15:45:58 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.037Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-122 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR Nighthawk R7800. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the rc_service parameter provided to apply_bind.cgi. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it
ovided to apply_bind.cgi. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12303. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-249/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27254 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-05T20:00:23 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.867Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.3 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-259 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of NETGEAR R7800. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the apply_save.cgi endpoint. This issue results from the use of hard-coded encryption key. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12287. Additional Analyst Notes: -
age this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12287. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-252/ - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27255 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-05T20:00:24 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.644Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.3 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-306 Description: This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R7800 firmware version 1.0.2.76. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the refresh_status.aspx endpoint. The issue results from a lack of authentication required to start a service on the server. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZD
tart a service on the server. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12360. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-263/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27256 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-05T20:00:25 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:16.076Z Severity: HIGH (CVSS 8.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-78 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R7800 firmware version 1.0.2.76. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the rc_service parameter provided to apply_save.cgi. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string
ce parameter provided to apply_save.cgi. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-12355. Additional Analyst Notes: - CVE Program Container: References: - https://kb.netgear.com/000062883/Security-Advisory-for-Multiple-Vulnerabilities-on-Some-Routers-Satellites-and-Extenders - https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-262/
CVE ID: CVE-2021-27257 State: PUBLISHED Published: 2021-03-05T20:00:26 Last Updated: 2024-08-03T20:48:15.995Z Severity: MEDIUM (CVSS 6.5 CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N) Vendors: NETGEAR Products: R7800 Problem Types: CWE-295 Description: This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to compromise the integrity of downloaded information on affected installations of NETGEAR R7800 firmware version 1.0.2.76. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the downloading of files via FTP. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the certificate presented by the server. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction w