resistance training and sarcopenic obesity elderly women

Conditions: Sarcopenic Obesity; Inflammation; Functional Capacity

Summary: in this manuscript, we investigated the effect of resistance training (rt) on body composition, functional capacity, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in sarcopenic obesity elderly women, using a randomized controlled trial.

to investigate the effects of resistance training (rt) program on body composition, functional capacity, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in sarcopenic obesity elderly women. this study is a randomized controlled trial. thirty-seven sarcopenic obesity (so) elderly women were randomly allocated into two groups: a training group (tg, n=18) or a non-exercising control group (cg, n=19). a supervised rt program was performed by tg for 12 weeks and cg did not perform any type of physical exercise during this period. body composition (dxa), functional capacity \[(muscular strength, and the 10 m walk test (10mw), and rising from sitting position test (rsp)\] and blood sample measurements (after a 12 h fasting) were performed pre- and post-training. the investigation was carried out over a period of 16 weeks, with 12 weeks dedicated to the rt program and 4 weeks allocated for measurements. anthropometric, muscular strength, body composition, and blood samples measurements were performed at weeks 1-2, and 15-16. a supervised progressive rt was performed between weeks 3-14. the cg did not perform any type of physical exercise during this period. however, given the possible positive effects of exercise, elderly women of this group were incorporated into a new exercise program after the end of this experiment. data distribution was tested using the shapiro wilk test. descriptive statistics are presented as means and standard deviations. student's independent t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the control and intervention groups regarding the general characteristics and clinical conditions (categorical variables), respectively. two-way analysis of covariance (ancova) for repeated measures was applied for comparisons, with baseline scores used as covariates. when f-ratio was significant, bonferroni's post hoc test was employed to identify the mean differences. between group effect size (es) was calculated to verify magnitude of the difference between groups. the z-score of the percentage changes (from pre- to post-training) of the raw data for each parameter was calculated, and a total z-score, derived from the all components was calculated. to verify the differences among groups on total z-scores, a test t independent also was applied. for all statistical analyses, significance was accepted at p\< 0.05. the data were analyzed using statistica software version 13.2 (statsoft inc., tulsa, ok, usa).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 60 years old or more; * presented sarcopenic obesity so \[which was defined by the simultaneous presence of sarcopenia and obesity (batsis et al., 2015; studenski et al., 2014), whereas women were considered sarcopenic if appendicular lean soft tissue (lst) \<15.02 kg, and obese if percentage of body fat ≥ 35% (batsis et al., 2015)\]; * physically independent; * free from cardiac or orthopedic dysfunction; * not receiving hormonal replacement and/or thyroid therapy; * not using equipment that would compromise the accomplishment of protocols and tests; * not performing any regular physical exercise more than once a week over the six months preceding the beginning of the investigation. exclusion criteria: * individuals with any metallic implant or artificial pacemaker, who had undergone surgery, who were unable to perform the tests and trainings; * volunteers who failed the medical examination for any reason; * refused or were unable to give consent.

Keywords: resistance training inflammatory markers functional capacity