soybean oil trial of cardiovascular risk

Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease; Diabetes; Metabolic Syndrome

Summary: the study will determine the effects of different types of soybean oils on biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. there will be four 4-week diet periods in which participants will consume the following oils, within the context of a controlled diet: soybean oil, high-oleic soybean oil, blend of high oleic soybean oil \& fully hydrogenated soybean oil, and blend of palm olein \& palm stearin.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 30 to 70 years at beginning of study * ldl-cholesterol between 120 and 160 mg/dl * less than 2+ risk factors for coronary heart disease (risk factors include: blood pressure \> 140/90 mm hg or on blood pressure medication; hdl-cholesterol \< 40 mg/dl; age greater than 45 yrs for males \& greater than 55 yrs for females; family history of premature coronary heart disease (chd in male first degree relative \<55 years; chd in female first degree relative \<65 years) exclusion criteria: * presence of kidney disease, liver disease, gout, hyperthyroidism, untreated or unstable hypothyroidism, certain cancers, gastrointestinal disease, pancreatic disease, other metabolic diseases, or malabsorption syndromes * use of prescription or over-the-counter medications or supplements that alter lipid metabolism. * women who have given birth during the previous 12 months * pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant or become pregnant during the study * lactating women * type 2 diabetes requiring the use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin * history of bariatric or certain other surgeries related to weight control * use of prescription or over-the-counter antiobesity medications or supplements (e.g., phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, caffeine) during and for at least 6 months prior to the start of the study or a history of a surgical intervention for obesity * unwillingness to abstain from herbal supplements for two weeks prior to the study and during the study * smokers or other tobacco users (during 6 months prior to the start of the study) * history of eating disorders or other dietary patterns which are not consistent with the dietary intervention (e.g., vegetarians, very low fat diets, high protein diets) * known (self-reported) allergy or adverse reaction to study foods * active cardiovascular disease (such as a heart attack or procedure within the past three months or participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within the last three months, stroke, or history/treatment for transient ischemic attacks in the past three months, or documented history of pulmonary embolus in the past six months) * unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with study staff * self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months and/or current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems (long-term participation in alcoholics anonymous is not an exclusion) * other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the principal investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol

Keywords: prevention