Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
pilot study using an nmda antagonist to modulate transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) effects on sensory discrimination

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation which uses a very weak constant current to temporarily excite the brain area of interest via small electrodes placed on the scalp. currently, tdcs is being used as a tool to investigate mental processes (cognition) and motor function (movement) in healthy controls and to treat neurological (i.e. stroke) and psychiatric (i.e. depression and dementia) patients. tdcs has been found to improve motor processes and cognitive performance, including attention and memory functions. this study will attempt to examine the effects of tdcs on a specific aspect of short term memory to sounds measured from electrical activity (eeg) from the top of the scalp. this study will also assess the effect of a drug, dextromethorphan (dmo), commonly found in cough syrup, which is thought to regulate tdcs treatment through brain receptors. the study involves four laboratory test sessions. eeg assessments will be done in two sessions involving 'anodal' tdcs stimulation (to temporarily excite cortical activity locally), one session with dmo treatment and one with placebo treatment, and two sessions involving 'sham' tdcs stimulation (device is turned off), with the same dmo and placebo treatments. these findings will contribute to our understanding of the brain chemistry involved in tdcs treatment and its effects on cognitive abilities.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy, medication free * non-smoker * right-handed exclusion criteria: * any current or past axis i or axis ii disorder including a current or recent history of alcohol/substance abuse * a clinically significant medical illness or organic brain disorder known to cause psychosis or cognitive impairment * any neurological diagnosis (including epilepsy) * recent head trauma (\<6 months) * metallic implants or any electrical device (e.g., pacemaker) in the body * major learning disability * body mass index \>38kg/m¬2 * use of illicit drugs * abnormal hearing
compare two guidance techniques for botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of limb spasticity and focal dystonia

Conditions: Spasticity; Focal Dystonia; Tremor, Limb

Summary: this study seeks to compare the use of ultrasound and electrophysiologic techniques to target muscles for the treatment of spasticity and focal dystonia of the limbs. the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of two ways of locating the muscle for botulinum toxin (bont) injection for the treatment of focal hand dystonia and upper limb spasticity. electrophysiologic guidance, using electrical stimulation, and ultrasound are the standard ways of locating muscles during a treatment of bont injection.

this is a study to investigate the use of two targeting techniques for botulinum toxin (bont) injection for the treatment of focal hand dystonia and upper limb spasticity: electrophysiologic guidance, using electrical stimulation, and ultrasound. subjects will be selected from the clinical programs of both icahn school of medicine at mount sinai and the national institutes of health who are already receiving onabotulinum toxin a injections clinically. the study will consist of four visits. visit one consists of screening subjects who will then be consented and randomized to one of the two treatment techniques for their ona-bont injection: 1) electrophysiologic guidance using electrical stimulation or 2) ultrasound. visit 2 will occur at week 4 where the subjects will return for a follow up visit to have blinded evaluator measurements of efficacy and strength and capture safety data. visit 3 will be at week 12 when subjects will cross over and have the alternate treatment technique during their ona-bont injection. visit 4 will occur at week 16 as the final assessment where subjects will have measurements of efficacy and strength and capture safety data by the blinded evaluator.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years or older * confirmed diagnosis of focal upper extremity dystonia (fhd) or upper limb spasticity * stable onabotulinumtoxina dose regimen with a stable response as judged by the physician and patient for at least 2 treatment sessions. exclusion criteria: * contraindications to botulinum toxin * pregnancy or nursing * cognitive impairment that prevents reliable outcome measures of self-report

Keywords: comparison botulinum toxin treatments ultrasound electrophysiologic spasticity focal dystonia
the effects of vitamin b6 supplementation on pain thresholds and tolerance

Conditions: Pain

Summary: this clinical trial aims to explore the effect of vitamin b6 supplementation on pain thresholds and tolerance in healthy adults using thermal and electrical stimulation. researchers will compare a placebo group to high-dose vitamin-b6 to see if vitamin b6 increases pain thresholds and tolerance.

the main questions it aims to answer are: * how does vitamin b6 affect pain thresholds and tolerance following a single 100mg dose? * how does vitamin b6 affect pain thresholds following daily supplementation for up to a month? * does vitamin b6 supplementation affect measures related to the experience of pain, such as state anxiety, sleep, diet, and mood at different time points

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * over the age of 18 years * fluent speaker of english language exclusion criteria: * under 18 years * presence or history of chronic pain * presence of neuropathic/nerve pain * raynaud's syndrome * using any vitamin supplementations that contain vitamin b6 at more than the rda, or combinations of b vitamins. * on any medication that is gaba agonistic * any use of analgesic/anti-inflammatory medication up to 48 hours prior to any of the testing sessions. * any heart conditions * newly acquired tattoos on the pain stimulation site

Keywords: vitamin b6 gaba excitation-inhibition balance
aequalis pyrocarbon ide; replacing the humeral head in hemi-arthroplasty

Conditions: Osteoarthritis; Avascular Necrosis; Traumatic Arthritis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of the aequalis pyrocarbon humeral head in hemiarthroplasty at 24 months.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult subject 22 years or older. * scapula and proximal humerus must have reached skeletal maturity. * clinical indication for hemiarthroplasty due to primary diagnosis of arthritis or avascular necrosis. primary arthritis for this study includes osteoarthritis with pain and/or post-traumatic arthritis. * willing and able to comply with the protocol. * willing and able to sign the informed consent formed (or the legally authorized representative will sign for the subject). exclusion criteria: * active local or systemic infection, sepsis, or osteomyelitis. * in the opinion of the clinician, there is insufficient bone stock to support implants in the humeral metaphysis or poor bone quality. * in the opinion of the clinician, there is insufficient bone stock or excessive deformation of the native glenoid to allow normal functioning of the glenohumeral joint. * in the clinician's opinion, the subject is unwilling or unable to be compliant with the recommendations of the healthcare professional. * metabolism disorders that could compromise bone formation, or osteomalacia. * infection at or near the implant site, distant foci of infections that could spread to the site of the implant, or systemic infection. * rapid destruction of the joint, marked bone loss, or bone resorption apparent on x-ray. * known allergy or suspected allergy to implant materials. * female subjects who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the study period. * medical conditions or balance impairments that could lead to falls. prior arthroplasty or prior failed rotator cuff repair on the affected shoulder; (successful rotator cuff surgery may be included). * a rotator cuff that is not intact and cannot be reconstructed. subjects with a massive rotator cuff tear (\>5cm) will be excluded. * nonfunctional deltoid muscle. * neuromuscular compromise condition of the shoulder (e.g., neuropathic joints or brachial plexus injury with a flail shoulder joint). * known active metastatic or neoplastic diseases, paget's disease, or charcot's disease. * currently, within the last 6 months, or planning to be on chemotherapy or radiation. * known alcohol or drug abuse as defined by dsm-5. * taking greater than 5mg/day corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone) excluding inhalers, within 3 months prior to surgery. * currently enrolled in any clinical research study that might interfere with the current study endpoints. * known history of renal or hepatic disease/insufficiency. * anatomy cannot be replicated using current available system sizes.
manual diaphragmatic release technique on exercise capacity and sleep quality

Conditions: Diabetes

Summary: to investigate if there is a significant effect of manual diaphragmatic release technique on exercise capacity, sleep quality, chest expansion, adl, fatigue and quality of life in older adults with type ii diabetes.

participants, including both genders, will have a history of diabetes type ii for more than one year. they will be well controlled with hba1c≤7. patients will be aged from 55 years and above and had a body mass index less than 30 kg/m². patients will follow up on the training program and instructions. they will be medically stable.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * history of diabetes type ii for more than one year. * they will be well controlled with hba1c≤7. * patients will be aged from 55 years and above and had a body mass index less than 30 kg/m². * patients will follow up on the training program and instructions. they will be medically stable. exclusion criteria: * chest diseases. * diaphragmatic hernia, clinical evidence of phrenic nerve injury, recent abdominal or thoracic surgery, or history of traumatic lesion possibly affecting diaphragm. * history of myocardial infarction and/or cardiothoracic surgery * unstable medical status. * cognitive disability hindering responding to the questionnaires.
fujifilm feature comparison reader study to compare old vs new processing

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Summary: the purpose of the feature comparison study is to evaluate general mammographic features in images of the same breast when reconstructed with modified (isr and dviim) processing as compared to the original processing (fbp with edr and mfp).

this clinical research is a retrospective, feature comparison reader study with an enriched sample of 600 (100 per radiologist) breast screening or diagnostic cases which were selected from the library of mammograms collected under fujifilm protocol fmsu2013-004a (all subjects previously provided written informed consent agreeing their image data and supporting documentation could be used for future research and investigations). six mqsa-qualified and board-certified mammographers representing various experience levels, will be shown dbt images of a breast with the modified processing side-by-side the same breast with the original processing on the aspire bellus ii workstation.. one breast per subject (two views per breast; cc and mlo) will be evaluated by the readers. readers will be blinded to the image reconstruction and presentation processing methods. each reader will be given a different sample of cases to review. approximately 600 total cases (100 cases per reader) will compose the sample. the order of the subjects and location (left or right review workstation high resolution monitor) of the images with modified processing will be randomized for each reader. the primary objective is the readers' assessment for each of the 7 general mammographic features. the null hypothesis is that the pooled proportion of cases judged as non-inferior with modified image processing is \ 0.50. if the 95% ci does not contain values \<0.50, then the null hypothesis will be rejected. these hypotheses will be evaluated for each of the 7 general mammographic features. if all 7 null hypotheses are rejected, then it will be concluded that the modified imaging features are non-inferior to the original imaging

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female subjects participating in fmsu2013-004a protocol with known clinical status exclusion criteria: * female subjects that did not have known clinical status in fmsu2013-004a
narcotic use after minor hand surgery

Conditions: Pain, Postoperative; Minor Surgical Procedures; Narcotics Use

Summary: this study evaluates the effect of larger or smaller opioid prescriptions following minor surgery on the amount of narcotic used, patient reported satisfaction, refill requests, and leftover narcotic.

patients are randomized to receive prescriptions for either 10 or 30 tabs of 5 mg hydrocodone/325 mg acetaminophen following minor hand surgery. patients are allowed to request additional medication as needed. patients are contacted by phone 10-14 days after their surgery to answer a questionnaire regarding number of pills taken, number of refills requested, number of remaining pills, their satisfaction with their pain control and their surgery, and their opinion regarding the appropriateness of the prescription size.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients undergoing minor hand surgery by a participating surgeon within the study period exclusion criteria: * narcotic use within previous 3 months * concurrent procedure * acute trauma * pregnancy * allergy or other contraindication or intolerance to hydrocodone or acetaminophen * post-operative complications * inability to provide personal consent to the procedure or the research
total thyroidectomy with harmonic scalpel®

Conditions: Thyroid Neoplasm; Goiter; Thyroid Nodule

Summary: harmonic scalpel is a new surgical instrument. its use has been recommended in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy. few randomized controlled trials has been published. however they had small sample sizes, used intermediate outcomes and included different surgical procedures. our objective is to asses the use of harmonic scalpel in patients submitted to total thyroidectomy using surgical complications, operative time, drainage volume, postoperative pain, length of stay and costs as outcomes. our hypothesis is that harmonic scalpel decreases operative time,drainage volume, postoperative pain, length of stay and costs without increasing surgical complications

this is a multicentric open phase iv randomized controlled trial comparing patients submitted to total thyroidectomy comparing standard surgical procedure versus harmonic scalpel assisted procedure. adult patients with benign or malignant thyroid disease and normal function will be included. patients with giant goiter, hyperthyroidism, non differentiated thyroid carcinoma, locally invasive tumors, neck dissection, previous neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy, video assisted surgery and severe comorbidities will be excluded. calculated sample size was 280 patients. outcomes will be assessed by an independent monitor. all centers will made a previous standardization of surgical procedures.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult (\>18 y/o) * benign or malignant thyroid disease * proposal of total thyroidectomy * normal thyroid function exclusion criteria: * giant goiter * hyperthyroidism * non differentiated thyroid carcinoma * locally invasive tumors * neck dissection as a part of procedure * previous surgery, radiotherapy or i131 therapy on neck * video-assisted or endoscopic thyroidectomy * severe comorbidities * coagulation disorders

Keywords: thyroidectomy thyroid neoplasm postoperative complications cost effectiveness
intranasal dexmedetomidine vs midazolam-ketamine combination for premedication of pediatric patients

Conditions: Premedication; Oculocardiac Reflex

Summary: the aim of this study is using intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal midazolam-ketamine combination for premedication and preventing the oculocardiac reflex of pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

preanesthetic medication in pediatrics is very helpful in relieving anxiety, fear and psychological trauma due to maternal deprivation. midazolam and ketamine are commonly used for this purpose. dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2 -agonist with a more selective action on the alpha 2 adrenoreceptor when administered via the nasal mucosa bioavailability of dexmedetomidine is too high. intranasal route is an effective way to administer premedication and sedation to children. the oculocardiac reflex is a major complication of pediatric strabismus surgery.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery * the pediatric patients between 2-11 years old * asa physical status i-ii * the patients whose parents give permission for this study exclusion criteria: * a known drud allergy or hypersensitive reaction to drugs used * mental retardation * cardiac arrhythmia or congenital cardiac disease * organ disfunction (liver , kidney) * nasal pathology * psychotropic treatment

Keywords: dexmedetomidine intranasal strabismus surgery premedication oculocardiac reflex
comparison of ciprofol-based and propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on postoperative quality of recovery

Conditions: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Postoperative Complications; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Postoperative Recovery

Summary: ciprofol is a novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivatives and is proved have much higher potency and tighter binding toward ɣ-aminobutyric acid type a (gabaa) receptor while maintaining a fast on-set and recovery time compared to propofol. except lower incidence of hypotension and respiratory depression, it has no injection pain and infusion syndrome compared with propofol. there is no study to investigate overall postoperative functional recovery in patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia (tiva) using ciprofol yet. however, according to study, early quality of recovery according to qor-15 score is associated with one-month postoperative complications after elective surgery. therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in the quality of postoperative recovery between ciprofol-based and propofol-based tiva in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. the qor-15 questionnaire score, pain, nausea/vomiting, and the frequency of complications are evaluated and compared between the two groups.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery under endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia * american society of anesthesiologists (asa) classification: i to iii; * age ≥ 60 years, bmi \< 30 kg/m2; * unconscious speech audiovisual impairment or unable to cooperate; * informed consent has been signed. exclusion criteria: * taking any sedative, opioid, or sleep aid drugs; * psychiatric or neurological disorder; * allergic to ciprofol, propofol or soy, or a family history of malignant hyperthermia; * severe liver and kidney dysfunction; * operation duration \< 2 hours; * plan to the intensive care unit with tracheal catheter; * have participated in this study or other clinical studies.

Keywords: ciprofol propofol
calcitonin therapy on incidence and severity of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury

Conditions: Calcitonin; Neuropathic Pain; Spinal Cord Injury

Summary: this prospective randomized double blinded study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of early pharmacologic intervention with calcitonin on the incidence or the severity of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury

pain after spinal cord injury can be classified into five categories: musculoskeletal, visceral, at-level, above-level, and below-level neuropathic pain. calcitonin has previously been shown to be effective in the management of acute pain following amputation, vertebral fractures and other neuropathic conditions. also it was used in a previous study to prevent complex regional pain syndrome in severe hemiplegic patients after stroke

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients aged ≥18 years, with spinal cord injury at any level and any degree of completeness in the early stage of trauma. exclusion criteria: * intake of anticonvulsants medications. * evidence of neuropathic pain. * evidence of previous allergic reaction to calcitonin. * patients with renal, hepatic and cardiac dysfunction or neurological disorders . * brain damage or major trauma to extremities or abdomen.

Keywords: calcitonin neuropathic pain spinal cord injury
fluid balance and clinical outcomes

Conditions: Fluid Balance; Input and Output; Inflammatory Mediators; Acute Kidney Injury; Mortality

Summary: this study is about investigating the relationship of postoperative fluid balance, inflammation and acute kidney injury. this is a non-interventional study (no drug administration). the investigators will collect baseline demographic data, postoperative fluid balance status by intake-output data, follow routine labs and collect 1 blood sample (0.5ml) with morning lab draws on day 1 and 5ml urine samples on day 1 and 2.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18 years or older, and * undergoing elective cardiothoracic surgery(s), alone or in combination with other procedures/surgery(s): thoracic aortic aneurysm, cardiac valves, coronary artery bypass grafting, abdominal thoracic aneurysm, and other cardiovascular surgery. exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * history of any organ transplant * preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (iabp) * current use of natriuretic peptides * esrd patients on dialysis * estimated gfr \< 30ml/min using mdrd equation.
internet telehealth for pediatric asthma case management

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: the original and primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of chess with nurse case management on asthma control (symptom-free days), and adherence factors of children aged 4-12. the investigators have expanded the scope of the specific aims. the criteria for their expanded aim is to also interview low-income african-american caregivers to gain an understanding of how they conceptualize their child's asthma, and what they consider to be barriers or facilitators to managing their child's asthma. there is no change in the investigators' original aim.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * parents of children, aged 4-12 with moderate to severe asthma

Keywords: pediatric asthma
assessment of atrophogenic potential of triple combination cream for treatment of melasma

Conditions: Melasma

Summary: evaluate atrophogenic potential of long-term use of tri-luma cream on facial melasma through biopsy examination.

same as above.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects must have a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe melasma * subjects willing to undergo biopsy four times throughout the study, two biopsies at baseline (one in a melasma involved area and one in a non-involved area). the third and fourth biopsies will be performed at 3 months and 6 months, respectively; in order to avoid variability in histopathological findings, * subjects must have substantial melasma involvement of the cheeks and be willing to have the same general site biopsied at the baseline, month 3 and month 6 visits. exclusion criteria: * subjects with diagnosis of dermal melasma * subjects who foresee intensive uv exposure during the study (mountain sports, uv radiation, sunbathing, etc.) * subjects who have used retinoids, steroids, and/or skin lightening products 4 weeks prior to study entry * subjects who show signs of poikiloderma of civatte (mandibular hyperpigmentation) * subjects with a history of hypertrophic scarring or a history of keloids * subjects who are unable to avoid the use of a class 1 steroid during their participation in the study