Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
viral dynamics of omicron in children

Conditions: SARS-CoV2 Infection, COVID-19

Summary: sars-cov-2 transmission is dependent on multiple factors, which may be related to either host-virus interaction or the environment. while there have been several studies evaluation viral dynamics and transmission risk in adults, there is limited pediatric data available. the objective of this study is to characterize the period of communicability for children less than 19 years of age with sars-cov-2 infection with the omicron variant.

the goal of our study is to assess the viral dynamics of sars-cov-2 infection in children \< 19 years with acute infection to inform public health practice. specific aims: 1. describe the kinetics of sars-cov-2 viral load in children with acute sars-cov-2 infection 2. assess the impact of various host factors on viral dynamics, including age (\<1 year, 1-4 years, 5-11 years, 12-18 years), symptoms, clinical severity (hospitalization vs. outpatient), comorbidities (immunocompromised vs. not immunocompromised), vaccination (none, 1 dose, 2 doses) 3. estimate the time point at which children are less likely to be infectious 4. assess the sensitivity of self-collected rapid antigen testing (rat) in children, compared to pcr (e.g. assess rat test performance in children)

Eligibility criteria:
to be included in the study, the participant must be: 1. less than 19 years of age 2. have a positive molecular or rapid antigen test in the previous 48 hours 3. if symptomatic, onset of any covid-19 symptom within last 72 hours. 4. if asymptomatic, evidence to support acute infection (e.g. negative pcr in the last 5 days, known household exposure where index case is clear) 5. able to collect daily samples
comparing effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid treatment on knee osteoarthritis

Conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis

Summary: to compare the efficacy and structural change of intraarticular single platelet-rich plasma(prp) versus novel crosslinked hyaluronic acid(ha)(hyajointplus) for the treatment of early stage knee osteoarthritis(oa). this was a prospective, double-blind, rct with an allocation ratio of 1:1.

in the prp group, an aeon acti-prp set was used and an approximately 4-ml prp volume was yielded and was used in a single-dose treatment. in the ha group, hyajoint plus containing 60 mg of purified sodium hyaluronate was used in a single-dose treatment. all prp and ha injection syringes were covered with opaque envelop, and the intra-articular injection procedure was performed by the same physician without ultrasound or other imaging guidance.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients older than 50 years 2. a diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis 3. kellgren-lawrence (k-l) grading scale smaller than 3 4. both male and female. exclusion criteria: 1. patients younger than 50 years of age 2. k-l grade 3 or more 3. history or active presence of clinically significant inflammatory articular or rheumatic disease other than oa 4. generalized oa 5. the detection of rapidly progressive oa before the start of the trial 6. underwent any previous lower extremity surgery 7. excessive mechanical axis deviation (varus \> 5°, valgus \> 5°) 8. body mass index larger than 30 9. history or presence of malignant disorders 10. systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, severe cardiovascular diseases, hematologic diseases, immune-deficiencies, and infections 11. systematic or intra-articular corticosteroid therapy in the previous 3 months 12. prior treatment with ha in the past 6 months 13. anticoagulants or antiaggregants therapy in the preceding 30 days 14. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications in the preceding 7 days 15. platelet count less than 150,000/ml of blood 16. hemoglobin values less than 12g/dl of blood.
tobacco use and uptake of covid-19 vaccinations

Conditions: COVID-19; Smoking; Tobacco Use; Vaccination Refusal

Summary: this is an observational study of participants in two general population health surveys (finsote 2018 and 2020) who are followed up for their covid-19 vaccinations or end of follow-up. the primary objective is to examine the association between tobacco use and covid-19 vaccine uptake and between-dose spacing.

most high income countries have rolled out covid-19 vaccinations, with the promise of reducing incident covid-19 infections and preventing hospitalizations and deaths. a high vaccination coverage is crucial for several reasons: (i) to reduce the number of new covid-19 cases, (ii) to diminish selective pressures leading to the emergence of new variants of concern, (iii) to prevent severe covid-19 outcomes, such as hospitalizations and deaths, and (iv) to potentially reduce the risk of post-acute covid-19 symptoms. smokers are at higher risk of covid-19 hospitalizations and deaths and might thus benefit greatly from high vaccination coverage. however, evidence suggests that they may be less likely to be vaccinated, as smokers are less likely to adhere to preventive measures in general and have lower adherence to other vaccines. reports of a protective role of smoking on the risk of covid-19 infection might have also reduced the perceived risks from being infected. evidence regarding tobacco use and covid-19 vaccine hesitancy is mixed. some studies have shown greater mistrust in covid-19 vaccine benefits and greater vaccine hesitancy and lower vaccine acceptance compared to non-smokers, while other studies have reported no differences by smoking status or lower levels of vaccine hesitancy in smokers compared to non-smokers. few studies have examined the relationship between tobacco use and vaccine uptake, showing that smokers had higher odds of being vaccinated. these studies, however, are not representative of the general population and relied on self-reported vaccination status, resulting in higher risk of selection and information bias. the investigators will expand current knowledge by examining two forms of tobacco use in finland -smoking and smokeless tobacco use (snus)- and by analysing the spacing between vaccine doses. the study will use data from nationally representative surveys in finland linked to vaccination registries, which reduces the risk of selection and information bias.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * permanent residents of finland * registered in the population register at the moment of sampling * aged 20 and over * participated in the finsote surveys in 2018 or 2020 * provided consent for register linkage exclusion criteria: * temporary residents in finland or tourists * age less than 20 years old * did not participate in finsote surveys in 2018, 2019 and 2020 * did not provide consent for register linkage

Keywords: tobacco use smoking covid-19 sars-cov-2 vaccinations cohort studies
the radiation protection for dose reduction in the cardiac catheter lab study: the reduce trial

Conditions: Radiation Exposure; Radiation Exposure to Operator; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Safety

Summary: doctors and nurses who perform heart procedures using x-ray guidance are exposed to radiation, which can be harmful over time. this exposure increases the risk of certain health problems, including cancers, eye damage (cataracts), and dna damage. although protective lead clothing is used to reduce exposure, it is heavy, uncomfortable, and can cause muscle and joint problems for those who wear it daily. a new radiation protection device, called rampart, may help reduce radiation exposure for heart specialists and their teams. it could also allow them to wear lighter protective gear-or none at all-making their work safer and more comfortable. this study will compare the radiation levels received by doctors and nurses during heart procedures when using rampart versus standard protection. by doing so, we hope to find out if this new device can better protect medical teams from radiation, improving both their safety and well-being.

recent decades have seen major increases in x-ray guided procedures in interventional cardiology, radiology and vascular surgery. exposure to ionising radiation is known to be an inherent risk and remains a serious and unresolved threat to the health of operators and their team. it is associated with an increased incidence of brain and blood cancers, cataracts, and recent mechanistic data indicates significantly increased dna damage in those without leaded leg protection. although existing standard radiation protection measures somewhat reduces exposure, all cardiac catheter lab personnel still receive a certain dose of radiation and continue to accumulate lifetime exposure. furthermore, leaded personal protective equipment is heavy, leads to orthopaedic complications, and detracts from operator comfort. novel radiation protection devices such as rampart may significantly reduce radiation doses to cardiac catheter lab personnel, and potentially allow the use of lighter lead, or no lead at all. in this study we aim to investigate if use of rampart significantly reduces radiation exposure, when compared with standard radiation protection. standard coronary intervention procedures will be randomised to rampart or standard (radiation protection), and operators and cath lab team doses will be compared.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all procedures involving adult patients (\>18 year of age) * male or female patients * planned to undergo either an elective or urgent coronary intervention procedure involving ionising radiation in the cardiac catheter lab, via the right and or left radial arteries. exclusion criteria: * procedures involving patients less than 18 years of age * patients unable to give valid consent * pregnancy * femoral approach procedure

Keywords: radiation exposure radiation exposure to operator radiation injuries radiation safety
impact of physical and occupational therapy in new bmt patients

Conditions: Bone Marrow Transplantation; Bone Marrow Disease

Summary: this is a single-site, non-randomized, observational study designed to evaluate the impact of adding physical and occupational therapy consultation upon inpatient admission for a bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the purpose of this study is to investigate whether consultation with physical and occupational therapists as part of the general admission order set for patients scheduled for bone marrow transplant will result in reduced complications, morbidity, length of inpatient stay, 30-day readmission, and 90-day mortality. baseline data collection will be used to determine eligibility. this study will be partially retrospective (pre-implementation of physical and occupational therapy consultation order) and partially prospective.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age ≥ 18 years at the time of admission for bone marrow transplantation (bmt) 2. received bmt exclusion criteria: 1. no history of inpatient admission for bmt

Keywords: exercise physical therapy
reliability of hertel exophthalmometer measurements

Conditions: Standardization of Hertel Measurements

Summary: the purpose of this research study is to learn about the variability in proptosis measurements. measurements will be recorded using the hertel exophthalmometer. this noninvasive tool is an instrument designed to measure the forward protrusion of the eye and may be used normally during a general eye exam. this instrument provides a method of evaluating and recording the progression and regression of the prominence of an eye caused by disorders such as thyroid disease and tumors of the orbit.

aim 1. in order to determine intrauser reliability of the hertel exophthalmometer, patients will have 2 independent exams using the hertel exophthalmometer on the same day performed by each of the same researcher (either dac or hlp) in a blinded fashion. for each patient, we will independently measure the base value and the values for the right and left eye proptosis, respectively, using the same hertel exophthalmometer. a randomization process will be employed to determine which researcher (either dac or hlp) will take the first set of measurements. the distance of the observer from the patient will be standardized for all measurements. patient research data will be de-identified and recorded for each patient and subsequently analyzed for interobserver reliability. aim 2. in order to determine interuser reliability of the hertel exophthalmometer, patients will have a second independent exam on the same day by the second observer as determined for aim 1 above. for each patient, we will independently measure the base value and the values for the right and left eye proptosis, respectively, using the same hertel exophthalmometer. the distance of the observer from the patient will be standardized for all measurements. patient research data will be de-identified and recorded for each patient and subsequently analyzed for interobserver reliability. aim 3. variability in hertel measurements may be related in large part to differences in the base measurement. the base measurement is determined by the bony orbital structures and should not be significantly affected over time by the soft tissue remodeling commonly seen in ted and most other orbital disease processes. we will have the second observer re-measure the same patient using the same hertel exophthalmometer by beginning with the same base measurement determined by the first observer. again, all measurement distances will be standardized. no other information will be provided to the second observer other than the beginning base measurement. patient research data will again be de-identified prior to recording the information and subsequently analyzed to determine if beginning with the same base improves interobserver reliability.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients will be at least 18 years old and will be able to converse in written and spoken english. exclusion criteria: * none

Keywords: hertel exophthalmometer proptosis eye disease
assessment of two filling materials for teeth-tissue supported overdenture

Conditions: Jaw, Edentulous, Partially

Summary: methods: 28 patients with bilateral remaining first premolar in the maxillary or mandibular arch were enrolled in the study. dome shaped preparations of the abutments were performed. the amalgam and composite restorations were randomly assigned to either the right or left remaining premolar; then conventional steps of overdenture fabrication and insertion were accomplished. patients were followed up for 3 years.

for all cases, root planning and supra- and subgingival scaling were carried out utilizing an ultrasonic scaler. for all cases, all teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated during the patients' first visit. local anaesthesia was achieved by local infiltration. after anaesthesia, an endodontic access cavity was established. canals were prepared using the crowndown technique. the ideal working length was determined using an electronic apex locator and periapical radiographs. the canals were cleaned and shaped. the final instrumentation size was determined as three sizes larger than the first file binding at the working length. master apical files ranged from #25 to #50, depending on both root anatomy and initial diameter of the root canal.irrigation was always performed with 5.25% naocl solution. obturation using gutta-percha. the master gutta-percha cone was coated with ah plus, obturation was carried out utilizing the lateral compaction technique. afterwards, selective etching of enamel for 30 seconds then rinsing and dryness were done followed by application of universal bonding agent with agitation action which was then light cured for 20 seconds. it was then followed by core buildup with light cured nano-filled composite body.. as for the amalgam, high-copper non-gamma 2 spherical and lathe cut amalgam was used. for all patients, fabrication of new dentures was employed. data were statistically described in terms of mean, standard deviation (sd), 95% ci, median and range. data were tested for the normal assumption using kolmogorov smirnov test. comparison between the study groups was done using student t test for independent samples. two-sided p values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ibm spss. survival analysis was done using kaplan maier statistics

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * presented with partially edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches particularly with bilaterally remaining any of these teeth ; #33 #34 #35 #43 #44 #45 #13 # 14#15 #23 # 24 #25 * good periodontal support and grade i mobility. * they were medically free. exclusion criteria: * medically compromised * grade ii and grade iii mobility

Keywords: overdenture nanocomposite amalgam survival wear
a study comparing modified lund concept and cerebral perfusion pressure-targeted therapy in secondary brain ischaemia.

Conditions: Brain Injuries; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Summary: secondary brain ischaemia (sbi) usually develops after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (sah) and severe traumatic brain injury (tbi). the current management strategies are based on intracranial pressure-targeted therapy (icp-targeted) with cerebral microdialysis monitoring (modified lund concept) or cerebral perfusion pressure-targeted therapy (cpp-targeted). we present a randomised controlled study to compare the two management strategies. the hypotheses of the study were: * sbi developed after aneurysmal sah and severe tbi share the same crucial characteristics and any treatment applied will essentially treat the same underlying pathophysiology. * icp-targeted therapy with cerebral microdialysis monitoring according to the modified lund concept is superior to cpp-targeted therapy in managing comatose patients with sbi after aneurysmal sah and severe tbi. sixty comatose operated patients with sbi following aneurysmal sah and severe tbi were randomized into icp-targeted therapy with cerebral microdialysis monitoring and cpp-targeted therapy groups. mortality rates in both groups were calculated and biochemical signs of cerebral ischaemia were analysed using cerebral microdialysis. outcome for cerebral microdialysis was measured as poor outcome (glasgow outcome scale score 1, 2 and 3) or good outcome (glasgow outcome scale score 4 and 5).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage who had anterior circulation aneurysm rupture only * multiple anterior aneurysm rupture * severe traumatic brain injury with isolated head injury and intradural focal lesions only exclusion criteria: * glasgow outcome score of 3 with or without brainstem reflexes * significant co-morbidities * posterior circulation aneurysm * multisystem injuries * diffuse axonal injuries

Keywords: traumatic brain injury subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary brain ischemia microdialysis modified lund concept cerebral perfusion pressure intracranial pressure
exercise and asthma in obese adults

Conditions: Asthma in Overweight Adults

Summary: this pilot study will use an unmasked, parallel group, randomized design. thirty adult overweight or obese subjects with mild-moderate persistent asthma will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 12-weeks of home-based moderate intensity aerobic exercise versus no intervention. the study will include 2 clinic visits and 12 telephone calls. exercise testing to assess physical fitness levels will occur during visits 1 and 2. blood sampling for biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and other assessments will be done.

the primary aim of this pilot study is to recruit and retain obese adults with mild-moderate persistent asthma for a study protocol that includes exercise at a moderate intensity level in a home-based setting. the investigators primary hypothesis is that compared to no intervention, 12-weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise will attenuate serum levels of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), and other pro-inflammatory markers. the investigators will also analyze the effect of the intervention on fitness levels, pulmonary function, asthma symptoms, asthma control, and asthma-related quality of life. given that this is a proof of concept/feasibility study, there is no primary outcome measure. the following measures will be assessed: * obesity related biomarkers and other markers of inflammatory responses: * asthma symptoms and asthma control measures: * lung function * fitness levels and physical activity levels:

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * physician diagnosed asthma * currently prescribed a daily controller asthma medication as evidence of mild-moderate persistent asthma * body mass index bmi ≥ 30-45 kg/m2 exclusion criteria: * individuals who undergo aerobic exercise regularly (3 or more times per week for more than 20 minutes) 6 months prior to the study * participants with very severe obesity (who obese class iii) - bmi≥ 45 kg/m2 * individuals with other clinically significant major illnesses, such as congenital heart disease, juvenile arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, or other conditions that would limit participation in the exercise protocol or interfere with study measurements will not be eligible. * uncontrolled hypertension (resting systolic blood pressure \> 150mmhg, and/or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmhg despite anti-hypertension medications. * current use of beta blockers * currently pregnant, pregnant during the previous six months, or planning to become pregnant in the next three months as obtained by self-report. * participants who have experienced a clinically significant exacerbation within the past 6 weeks will be excluded. this includes an unscheduled physician visit, emergency room visit, or hospitalization related or use of systemic corticosteroids for asthma. * unable or unwilling to provide consent * unable or unwilling to perform the exercise protocol and provide study measurements, * inability to perform baseline measurements * intend to move out of the area within 3 months from the start of the study * inability to be contacted by telephone