evaluation of postoperative neurocognitive impairment

Conditions: Neurocognitive Disorder; General Anesthesia; Total Intravenous Anesthesia; Sevoflurane Anaesthesia; Breast Surgery

Summary: in this prospective study, the effects of different anesthesia methods (total intravenous anesthesia and inhaled anesthesia) on neurocognitive function will be examined in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection. mini-mental state examination and mini-cog tests will be administered at specific intervals pre and postoperatively. anesthesia management will follow standard protocols, and the researcher will not intervent in these processes. the relationship between the type of anesthesia and neurocognitive outcomes will be evaluated based on the collected data.

during the preoperative evaluation process, after identifying patients with breast cancer who will undergo breast-conserving surgery and who will not undergo axillary lymph dissection, who meet the inclusion criteria in the study, neurocognitive evaluations of these patients will be performed by the anesthesiologist with the mini-mental state assessment (mmdd) test and mini-cog test 24 hours before the preoperative period. these two tests will be repeated by the same doctor in the preoperative waiting room on the day of the operation. from the preoperative waiting room, patients will be taken to the operation room after premedication with 2mg intravenous midazolam. after all patients are monitored with standard american society of anesthesia monitoring (heart rate, peripheral saturation, noninvasive artery monitoring) and electro encephalography monitoring (patient state index (psi)), the initial values will be recorded before surgery. during induction, 1-2mg/kg propofol, 2mcg/kg fentanyl and 0.8mg/kg rocuronium will be administered and then the patient will be intubated. patients will be monitored to be normothermic by body temperature monitoring. if peroperative heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressure values increase by more than 20% of the presurgical basal value, remifentanil will be administered as an intravenous infusion between 0.05-2mcg/kg/min to all patients. during the peroperative period, noninvasive arterial pressure values, saturation values, heart rate, patient state index values, suppression rates and times, body temperature values will be recorded on the follow up form as values before the operation, at the beginning of the operation, at 30minute intervals from the beginning of the operation, and before and after extubation at the end of the operation. during surgery, peroperative anesthesia management will be determined as the ideal anesthesia method for the patient, as deemed appropriate by the relevant anesthesiologist, and there will be no intervention by the anesthesiologist performing the neurocognitive evaluation. heart rate, saturation, noninvasive arterial pressure values will be recorded upon entry and exit from the postoperative recovery unit. postoperative pain monitoring will be done with visual analog scala(vas), and to patients with a visual analog scala value above 3, tramadol 100mg every 6 hours, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 100mg every 6 hours, and paracetamol 1000mg every 6 hours will be given intravenously if necessary. mmdd test and mini-cog test will be repeated in all patients by the anesthesiologist just before being transferred from the postoperative recovery unit to the ward and at the 24th hour, 3rd day, and 5th day postoperatively. after all neurocognitive evaluations of the patients are performed at planned intervals for 1 week, which anesthesia method was applied to the patients in the peroperative period will be determined from the anesthesia follow-up sheet and the total time and amount used will be recorded. patients who underwent total intravenous anesthesia and inhaler anesthesia will be included in the study. patients whose anesthesia management is changed during the case will be considered excluded from the study. anesthesia management of patients during the preoperative and peroperative periods will be planned and implemented as deemed appropriate by the anesthesiologist who follows the patient during the surgery, regardless of this planned study. the researcher performing the neurocognitive evaluation will not have any intervention or knowledge in these processes. the reason why this study was planned as a prospective study is that neurocognitive evaluations are performed prospectively. there will be no intervention in the patient's preoperative, peroperative and postoperative anesthesia management. at the end of the study, the relationship between neurocognitive values and total intravenous anesthesia and inhaled anesthetics will be compared.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female patients with early stage breast cancer who will undergo breast-conserving surgery exclusion criteria: * patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy * patients who will undergo axillary lymph dissection and total mastectomy * asa 4-5 patients * patients without voluntary consent * patients with previous surgery or vertebrobasilar insufficiency * patients with carotis stenosis * patients with a visual analog scale above 4 in the postoperative recovery unit * patients in whom cerebral oxygenation decreased by 15% from the beginning in cerebral oximetry monitoring during the perioperative period * patients with bleeding that disrupts hemodynamics during follow-up and bleeding greater than 20% of body volume * patients with postoperative intensive care unit follow-up * patients with a decrease of more than 20% from the baseline systolic value (based on ward monitoring) during follow-up * patients with intraoperative ventilation failure, patients with hypercarbia, hypocarbia * patients whose patient state index value falls below 25, which is sufficient for the depth of anesthesia, during anesthesia induction or maintenance. * patients with known neurological, psychiatric, unstable cardiovascular, renal or hepatic system disease * patients with uncontrolled hypertension * patients with greater than 1st degree heart block * patients allergic to α2 adrenergic receptor agonist * patients who cannot speak and do not know turkish * alcohol and substance addicted patients * patients who have used opioids in the last 24 hours * patients who developed sepsis during postoperative follow-up * patients with a history of recurrent surgery

Keywords: neurocognitive disorder general anesthesia mini mental state assessment mini-cog test