urinary metabonomics of two major patterns of nafld

Conditions: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Summary: nafld(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nafld) is a common liver disease with a high morbidity which seriously influence people's health. in clinical, there are two major traditional chinese medicine(tcm) patterns which are the pattern of "liver depression and spleen deficiency" and pattern of "damp-heat in the interior", according to tcm patterns, the treatment is effective, but not used worldwide. while the development of metabonomics provides a tool to investigate the correlation of tcm patterns and metabonomics which will promote the further development of tcm. currently researches on nafld patterns based on metabolomics were limited. our study was undertaken to investigate the correlation of tcm patterns and metabonomics, to evaluate the application of urinary metabonomics in nafld: whether it can be used in tcm patterns auxiliary classification of nafld. in addition, the investigators also aim to discover novel biomarkers for the noninvasive early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). in this study, urine samples from humans of three divided groups (healthy controls, the group of "liver depression and spleen deficiency" pattern and group of "damp-heat in the interior pattern) were collected, then 4℃, 15 min 3000 rpm centrifuged and - 80℃ cryopreserved. the metabolic profile changes were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(gc/ms) with principal component analysis (pca), partial least squares-discriminate analysis (pls-da) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (opls-da). furthermore, biochemical examination were also carried out to compare among these three groups. base on literature survey, the investigators inferred that there should be metabolic differences between the two patterns of nafld. if the investigators hypothesis is correct, the investigators can find different metabolites which can be used discriminate between nafld and healthy population, different patterns through urinary metabonomics. the results will be attractive which mean a lot: it will prove the importance of the four diagnosis methods of tcm used in differential analysis by metabonomics; it will validate the classification of tcm syndromes is scientific; it will shed light in the study of tcm syndromes; it will find biology markers to help diagnosis, treatment and pattern discrimination.

1. both genders between the ages of 18-60 years, eligible for study through a screening test confirming the presence of nafld according to diagnostic criteria. 2. the patients will fill in a syndromes questionnaire for tcm information. 3. based on the symptoms, tongue and pulse conditions by four diagnostic information, the nafld patients will be randomized into the group of "liver depression and spleen deficiency" pattern and group of "damp-heat in the interior" pattern. 4. then urine samples of the patients will be collected.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. the existence of fat in liver parenchyma scatters the beam of ultrasound more than a non-fatty liver. although ultrasonography might have some limitations for the grading of nafld, its availability makes it an appropriate tool for nafld screening.the radiologist was not informed about the clinical. 2. nafld indicates the lack of any evidence of ongoing or recent consumption of significant quantities of alcohol. 3. both genders between the ages of 18-60 years, eligible for study through a screening test confirming the presence of nafld as defined above. 4. based on tongue, pulse conditions and other four diagnostic information, the nafld patients who have the symptoms which can be recognized as "liver depression and spleen deficiency" pattern or "damp-heat in the interior" pattern. exclusion criteria: 1. history of diabetes mellitus or any metabolic disease 2. alcohol consumption \> 20 g/day. 3. presently having acute diseases or other untreated illness requiring treatment. 4. impaired hepatic or renal functions. 5. lactation, pregnancy or unwillingness to use an effective form of birth control for women of childbearing years. 6. history or presence of any condition, in the investigator's opinion, that would endanger the individual's safety or affect the study result. if any of conditions above exists, the subjects were excluded.

Keywords: nafld (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nafld) urinary metabonomics tcm pattern "liver depression and spleen deficiency" pattern, "damp-heat in the interior" pattern