Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
efficacy and safety of cryotherapy versus 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of actinic keratosis

Conditions: Actinic Keratoses

Summary: the goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effectiveness and safety of two treatments-cryotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-for actinic keratosis, a common skin condition caused by long-term sun exposure. cryotherapy is a treatment that uses extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy abnormal cells, and 5-fu is a topical cream applied to the skin to treat lesions by interfering with cell growth. the main questions this trial aims to answer are: * which treatment, cryotherapy or 5-fu, is more effective in reducing the number of actinic keratosis lesions? * what are the side effects associated with each treatment? * how do these treatments impact patient satisfaction, cosmetic outcomes, and health-related quality of life? participants will: * undergo a baseline assessment where their demographics information such as age, sex, race, smoking status, and medical history are recorded, along with the number and severity of actinic keratosis lesions. * receive both cryotherapy and 5-fu, with each treatment applied to different areas of their body. the area of the body to receive each treatment is decided by a random process (like flipping a coin). * complete weekly surveys to monitor for side effects during and after the treatment period. * return to the clinic for follow-up assessments at 3 months and 12 months.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years of age or older * has a clinical diagnosis of 10 or more aks in the head, neck, or extremities areas * able to give informed consent themselves * willing to return for follow up visits exclusion criteria: * cognitively impaired * incarcerated * non-english speakers * immuno-comprised status * received any kind of treatment for ak within the past 2 months * use of systemic retinoids within the past 3 months * suspicion of cancer in the target area * porphyria * genetic skin cancer disorders * allergy to trial drugs or peanut/soy products * pregnancy or breast-feeding

Keywords: cryotherapy 5-fluorouracil
helping others toward positive emotions in people with heart failure

Conditions: Heart Failure

Summary: heart failure (hf) affects 5 million people in the us and is the most common cause of hospitalization in elderly adults. one-third of patients who are hospitalized with hf have major depression. depressed hf patients have double the rates of morbidity and/or mortality and worse health-related quality of life than non-depressed hf patients. the investigators previous pilot research suggests that a brief cognitive therapy (ct) intervention may improve short-term cardiac survival among depressed hospitalized hf patients compared to non-depressed hf patients who received usual care. therefore, the investigators will conduct a larger study to evaluate the effects of the intervention on longer cardiac event-free survival, symptoms of depression, health-related quality of life, and stress levels in patients with hf. the investigators hypothesize that patients in the intervention group will experience longer cardiac event-free survival, lower levels of depressive symptom, better health-related quality of life, and lower salivary cortisol levels at follow-up than patients who receive usual care.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * admitted to the hospital with a primary or secondary diagnosis of congestive heart failure or admitted to the hospital for cardiac reasons and has a history of chronic heart failure * american college of cardiology/ american heart association stage c hf * 21 years or older exclusion criteria: * co-existing terminal illness likely to be fatal within the next 12 months * end-stage hf (defined as american college of cardiology stage d hf) * cognitive impairment that precludes the ability to give informed consent * active suicidality (defined choosing option 1, 2 or 3 on item 9 of the phq-9) * history of the death of a spouse or child within the past month * history of psychotic illness or bipolar illness * current alcohol dependence or other substance abuse * non-english speaking or possessing any other communication barrier

Keywords: heart failure depression depressive symptoms cognitive therapy hospitalization quality of life
a study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of xmab24306 in combination with daratumumab in participants with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Summary: this study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and activity of xmab24306 in combination with a multiple myeloma (mm)-targeting monoclonal antibody capable of inducing antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (adcc) in participants with relapsed or refractory (r/r) mm who have received a minimum of three prior treatments, including at least one immunomodulatory drug (imid), one proteasome inhibitor (pi), and one anti-cd38 monoclonal antibody.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * life expectancy of at least 12 weeks * measurable disease, as defined by the protocol * participants must have received a minimum of 3 prior lines of therapy, including at least one pi, one imid, and an anti-cd38 monoclonal antibody * best response of stable disease or better with at least one prior anti-cd38 monoclonal antibody containing line of treatment exclusion criteria: * any anti-cancer therapy within 3 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, with exceptions defined by the protocol * prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation * autologous stem cell transplantation within 100 days prior to initiation of study treatment * significant cardiovascular disease * known clinically significant liver disease * active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency * known active infection requiring iv anti-microbial therapy within 14 days prior to first study drug administration * primary or secondary plasma cell leukemia * current cns involvement by mm * other protocol defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply
imaging and serological biomarkers of autonomic dysfunction after ischemic stroke

Conditions: Acute Ischemic Stroke; Transient Ischemic Attack

Summary: the goal of this observational study is to * to investigate the prevalence and time course of autonomic dysfunction in acute ischemic stroke patients; * to evaluate the influence of lesion location on autonomic dysfunction; * to identify patterns of structural and functional brain connectivity within the central autonomic control circuits associated with autonomic dysfunction; and * to explore causal models of the link between brain lesions; cardiac, immunological and endocrine biomarkers; and dysautonomia. researchers will compare patients with acute ischemic stroke to patients with transient ischemic attacks to study the effect of acute ischemic brain lesions. participants will * undergo cardiovascular autonomic function testing; * receive structural and functional mr imaging; * provide blood samples for determinaton of serological biomarkers auf dysautonomia.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of either * acute ischemic stroke with either an ischemic lesion visible on ct/mri or persistent focal deficits 24 hours after symptom onset, or * transient ischemic attack with transient clinical deficits including motor or speech disturbance and not restricted to isolated vertigo/dizziness, visual disturbance, or sensory disturbance. * symptom onset within 72h prior to hospital admission, * a pre-stroke/tia ability to walk without help from another person (modified rankin scale score \< 4), * age \> 18 years, and * informed consent by either the patient or a legal representative (including a spouse) exclusion criteria: * in-hospital stroke, * contraindications to mr imaging (e.g., claustrophobia, pregnancy, pacemakers, implants), * known moderate to severe dementia, * previous structural brain damage (except leukoariosis due to cerebral small vessel disease), * hemodynamically relevant stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery, or * left heart failure with estimated left ventricular ejection fraction \< 50%, * concomitant systemic illness that can lead to dysautonomia, such as an active infection, thyroid disease, or neurodegenerative disorder (e.g. pd, msa).

Keywords: autonomic dysfunction cardiovascular dysregulation brain-heart axis stroke-heart syndrome acute ischemic stroke transient ischemic attack autonomic function test central autonomic network network lesion mapping lesion symptom mapping resting-state fmri functional brain network structural brain network diffusion tensor imaging
effectiveness of kinesio tapping for the treatment of patients with acute low back pain: a randomized control trial

Conditions: Low Back Pain

Summary: the objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of kinesio taping (kt) for the treatment of patients with acute low back pain. in this study a total of 56 patients with acute low back pain were randomly allocated to the experimental group, kt along with conventional physical therapy (pt), or the control group, conventional pt alone.

the objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of kinesio taping (kt) for the treatment of patients with acute low back pain. in this study a total of 56 patients with acute low back pain were randomly allocated to the experimental group, kt along with conventional physical therapy (pt), or the control group, conventional pt alone. 28 patients received kt in addition to conventional pt while 28 patients received conventional pt alone for two weeks. oswestry disability index (odi) and numeric pain rating scale (nprs) were used for the measurement of outcomes.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * both genders * age between 18 and 60 years * history of lbp less than exclusion criteria: * patients having diagnosed conditions of spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, lumbar stenosis, spinal tumor, lumber fracture, renal disease and trauma were excluded from the study. * patients either with chronic lbp (duration more than 3 months) or contraindicated to kt (skin allergy or pre-existing skin lesion or infection) were also excluded. * female pregnant patients were also excluded from the study.

Keywords: low back pain, kinesio tapping, conventional physical therapy, oswestry disability index
dentists' attitudes towards pharmacological management of acute pain in children and adolescents - a follow-up survey

Conditions: Pain Management

Summary: the aim of this study is to investigate swedish dentists' attitudes about pain management when treating children and adolescents by assessing 1) dentists' recommendations for the use of pre- and postoperative analgesics, (2) use of local anaesthesia during treatment of primary and permanent teeth, and (3) if the use of these strategies differs between general dental practitioners (gdp) and specialist paediatric dentists (spd). all swedish spds (including post-graduate dentists in paediatric dentistry), circa 150 in total, and approximately 1,000 gdps in county skåne, sweden will be invited to answer a questionnaire.

this survey study is follow-up to a survey carried out in 2014, addressed to swedish general dental practitioners (gdps) and specialist paediatric dentists (spds). the aim of this study is to investigate swedish dentists' attitudes about pain management when treating children and adolescents by assessing 1) dentists' recommendations for the use of pre- and postoperative analgesics, 2) use of local anaesthesia during treatment of primary and permanent teeth, and 3) if the use of these strategies differs between gdps and spds. all spds (including post-graduate dentists in paediatric dentistry) in sweden, circa 150 in total, and approximately 1,000 gdps, will be invited to answer the questionnaire. to be included gdps need to have registered addresses in county skåne, sweden, and be accredited to provide dental care to children and adolescents by region skåne, the regional public health and dental care provider. a questionnaire along with written information about the study and two consent forms will be mailed to presumptive study participants. those willing to participate in the study are asked to return (postage prepaid) one signed consent form and the completed questionnaire. the questionnaire is adapted from one previously used in sweden. it contains demographic questions, and questions regarding work situation. these questions are followed by four clinical scenarios, and questions relating to use of pain management practices. responses are given on a 5-point likert scale. the final questions are open ended and concern the use of pre- and postoperative analgesics.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: general dental practitioners with a civil registration address in county skåne, sweden. specialist paediatric dentists in sweden. exclusion criteria: not accredited to provide dental care to children and adolescents (applies to general dental practitioners). ≥ 65 years of age
whole blood bactericidal activity (wba) against mycobacterium tuberculosis of rifampicin in healthy volunteers

Conditions: Tuberculosis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the bactericidal activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis of standard and high doses of rifampicin. pharmacokinetics (pk) and whole blood bactericidal activity (wba) will be measured in healthy volunteers following a single dose of rifampicin at standard dose (10mg/kg) or at high dose (20mg/kg or 30mg/kg).

wba is an ex vivo model for measuring the combined effects of administered drugs, host factors and strain factors on mycobacterial killing. if performed in parallel with pk measurements, the method can be used to evaluate the effect of drugs throughout the dosing cycle. this study aims to compare different doses of rifampicin in the wba model, compare activity of rifampicin on wba by different mycobacterium tuberculosis strain types and assess the host immune response following drug administration.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. aged 21 and above 2. male or female willing to comply with the study visits and procedures 3. willing and able to provide written informed consent exclusion criteria: 1. women who are currently pregnant or breastfeeding 2. signs of active tb 3. on immunosuppressant, antibiotic or any medication known to have interaction with rifampicin 4. previous allergy to rifampicin 5. evidence of renal or hepatic dysfunction or any clinically significant deviation from normal during screening including laboratory determinations 6. known hepatic disease or alcohol abuse 7. current use of any other drugs, over the counter medications and herbal preparations that are known or potential inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome p450 enzymes 8. any other significant condition that would, in the opinion of the investigator, compromise the volunteer's safety or outcome in the trial 9. current participation in other clinical intervention trial or research protocol

Keywords: tuberculosis whole blood bactericidal activity wba rifampicin
long-term outcomes of colonic stent as a "bridge to surgery" for malignant large-bowel obstruction

Conditions: Stent Occlusion; Long-term Oncologic Results

Summary: study of long-term outcomes of colonic stent as a "bridge to surgery" for malignant large-bowel obstruction.

prospective observational with retrospective analisis study of patients with left-sided malignant colonic obstruction undergoing stenting between april 2006 and april 2018 in parc tauli university hospital. we assessed all patients with intent-to-treat and per protocol analyses in postoperative and long-term follow-up variables.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with complete malignant colonic obstruction confirmed by ct. * elective surgery. * location in transverse, left or sigmoid colon. * patients who signed the informed consent documentation and agreed to undergo the procedure. exclusion criteria: * benign pathology and palliative treatment. * unresectable lesion (intraoperative), severe ischemia or cecal perforation, fecal or advanced purulent peritonitis, emergency surgery. * previous chemotherapy.

Keywords: malignant colonic obstruction self-expandable metallic stent
volume ct of the wrist and carpus after trauma

Conditions: Wounds and Injuries; Wrist Injuries

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate whether standard volume computed tomography (ct) has impact on treatment in patients with suspicion of fractures of the wrist and carpus.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients (18 years and older) who are referred to our hospital for conventional radiography of the wrist and carpus * recent trauma mechanism (within 3 days before presentation) * clinical suspicion of fractures of the wrist and carpus. the carpus includes all carpal bones, but does not include the metacarpal bones. exclusion criteria: * patients who were not evaluated by a clinician before imaging was performed. * open fractures * no informed consent or no prospective data collection could be obtained. informed consent cannot be obtained in case patients do not speak or understand dutch. * patients who cannot be positioned in upright position, immobilized on a spine board or transferred to the intensive care unit and cannot undergo upright ct

Keywords: radius fracture scaphoid fracture tomography, x-ray computed
dpbrn reasons for placing the first restoration on permanent tooth surfaces

Conditions: Dental Caries

Summary: the purpose of this study was to document the reasons for placing the first restoration ("filling") on a previously un-restored surface in a permanent ("adult") tooth.

the aims of this study were to (1) quantify dpbrn practitioner-investigators pre-operative and post-operative assessments of the depth of the caries lesion being treated; (2) quantify the prevalence of dental material types used to restore the first restoration in a permanent tooth surface; and (3) test the hypothesis that dpbrn practitioner investigators in the "assessment of caries diagnosis and caries treatment" study who stated that they wait until the caries lesions reach dentin before they place the first restoration are in fact more likely in this study to do restoration in teeth that have caries reaching into dentin. the aims were met by enrolling 230 dpbrn practitioner-investigators in the "reasons for placing the first restoration on permanent tooth surfaces" study, each of whom recorded information about approximately 50 consecutive restorations that they placed on unrestored surfaces. this study about restorative treatment received by patients provided the opportunity to record the variations in the treatment provided, and also provided a basis for subsequent future studies to investigate how defects on fillings develop over time. these results will also be related to the findings from "assessment of caries diagnosis and caries treatment" study where practitioners outlined how they detected dental decay, the stage at which the decay was treated by placing fillings, and how they rely on preventive measures to stop the decay process without placing fillings.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants directly involved in this study were patients who sought dental treatment in the practitioner-investigators' practices * any tooth surface that was previously unrestored was eligible for this study, provided that it was on a permanent ("adult") tooth. this means that permanent first molars were eligible, which typically erupt at about age 6 years. this means that persons age 6 and older were enrolled in the study and there was no upper age limit. exclusion criteria:

Keywords: dental caries assessments dental materials
diagnostic accuracy of mr in myositis

Conditions: Myositis; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic

Summary: a prospective observational study to determine the effectiveness of magnetic resonance (mr) imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of idiopathic myopathy in adult humans.

idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by skeletal muscle inflammation leading to proximal muscle weakness, often with tenderness, and occasionally dermatological manifestations. diagnosis is clinical and is based on the bohan and peter criteria which comprises clinical examination, serological markers, electromyography (emg) and muscle biopsy. this has relatively poor sensitivity and specificity. muscle biopsy in particular has a false negative rate of 10-15% and is invasive. clinical criteria also lack the discriminatory power to differentiate between recurrent (or breakthrough) myopathy and myopathy secondary to treatment with corticosteroid. magnetic resonance (mr) imaging has the advantage of being non-invasive, and is able to discriminate between different tissues, and to identify areas of inflammation. the aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of mr sequences in the diagnosis of myopathy, monitoring of treatment response, and in differentiating between breakthrough myopathy and steroid-induced myopathy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * any adult patient referred for an mr scan with a suspected clinical diagnosis of myopathy. exclusion criteria: * patient unable or unwilling to have an mr scan. * standard mr exclusion criteria will apply.

Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging
antibiotic treatment effects on intratumoral bacteria modulation in surgical patients with oral cancer

Conditions: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oral Cancer; Head and Neck Cancer; Head and Neck Carcinoma

Summary: the goal of this phase ii single arm clinical study is to evaluate the effect of antibiotics (metronidazole) and oral chlorhexidine (chx) in reducing the bacteria load within tumors of patients undergoing surgery for oral cancer.

the prognosis for patients with locally advanced, non-human papillomavirus (hpv) associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) remains poor. the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment in hnscc presents a significant barrier to both conventional and immune-based therapies. recent studies have indicated that dysbiotic oral microbiota, particularly in the context of periodontal disease, can contribute to chronic oral mucosal inflammation and the recruitment of suppressive immune cell infiltrates. bacterial-induced chronic inflammation may play a crucial role in treatment resistance in hnscc. understanding the impact of microbial modulation on the tumor immune microenvironment in hnscc could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. in this single-arm phase ii clinical trial, oral cancer patients will be treated with oral metronidazole and chx rinses prior to surgery. investigator will assess the ability for the treatment to reduce the absolute amount of intratumoral bacteria and evaluate changes in the intratumoral bacterial community and infiltrating immune cells.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity * must have planned surgery for curative intent * participants ≥ 18 years of age * participants must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document exclusion criteria: * known allergy to metronidazole and/or chlorhexidine * severe liver or kidney disease as determined by history of laboratory tests * participants actively drinking alcohol (unable to abstain for the 10 day antibiotic period) * recurrent oral cancer after prior radiation or chemoradiation * participants with unresectable oral cancer * participants unable to tolerate and/or absorb oral medication * participants currently or have taken other antibiotics within the prior 60 days * participant is pregnant

Keywords: metronidazole chlorhexidine