Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
endovenous laser therapy (evlt) for sapheno-popliteal incompetence and short saphenous vein (ssv) reflux: a rct

Conditions: Venous Insufficiency; Varicose Veins

Summary: varicose veins are a common problem, affecting up to a third of the western adult population. most suffer with aching, discomfort, pruritis, and muscle cramps, whilst complications include oedema, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, ulceration, phlebitis, and bleeding. this is known to have a significant negative effect on patient's quality of life (qol). surgery has been used for many years, but it is known that there is a temporary decline in qol post-op. this was demonstrated in our pilot study. surgery leads to painful and prolonged recovery in some patients and has the risks of infection, haematoma and nerve injury. recurrence rates are known to be significant. duplex of veins post surgery has demonstrated persistent reflux in 9-29% of cases at 1 year, 13-40% at 2 years, 40% at 5 years and 60% at 34 years. 26% of nhs patients were 'very dissatisfied' with their varicose vein surgery. newer, less invasive treatments are being developed. it would be advantageous to find a treatment that avoided the morbidity of surgery, one that could be performed as a day-case procedure under a local anaesthetic, a treatment that could offer lower recurrence rates and allow an early return to work. these should be the aims of any new treatment for varicose veins. endovenous laser treatment (evlt) is performed under a local anaesthetic and uses laser energy delivered into the vein to obliterate it. the vein therefore need not be tied off surgically and stripped out. the aim of this study is to compare the clinical, cost effectiveness and safety of surgery and evlt.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary, symptomatic, varicose veins * isolated sapheno-popliteal (spj) incompetence, leading to reflux in the short saphenous vein (ssv) on duplex ultrasound * ssv of 4mm distally * ability to give informed written consent exclusion criteria: * inability to give informed written consent * symptomatic or complicated varicose veins not attributable to spj/ssv reflux * evidence of deep venous reflux on duplex scan

Keywords: randomised controlled trial venous insufficiency varicose veins quality of life clinical effectiveness cost effectiveness
safe time for apnea after preoxygenation

Conditions: Anesthesia, General

Summary: the use of 100% oxygen during the induction of general anesthesia is always preferable to have enough time to secure the airway by endotracheal intubation, because preoxygenation with a low oxygen concentration may reduce the safe time for apnea. however, using a low oxygen concentration during preoxygenation might prevent the formation of atelectasis. there is still no clear conclusion about the best oxygen concentration for preoxygenation. our study is designed to evaluate the safety of preoxygenation with 80%, 60%, 40%, 30% and 21% oxygen by the safe time for apnea during the induction of general anesthesia.

we decide to add 3 groups (80%, 60%, and 40% oxygen) in our study to fully evaluate the safety of preoxygenation with different oxygen concentration. zijia li 2018.3.2

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * nonsmoking patients aged 18 years to 60 years * undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery * pulse oxygen saturation ≥95% when breathing air quietly in bed * american society of anesthesiologists(asa) physical status class i-ii * informed consent can be obtained exclusion criteria: * a suspected difficult airway * be allergic to midazolam, propofol , fentanyl or cisatracurium * severe disease of respiratory system or cardiovascular system,or obstruction of the digestive tract * oxygen reserve is suspected low,or patient who does not tolerate hypoxemia well * a history of mental disorder or patient who can not collaborate well * body mass index more than 30 kg/㎡

Keywords: preoxygenation oxygen concentration
evaluation of memory skills in patients receiving radiation therapy for brain metastases

Conditions: Cognitive/Functional Effects; Metastatic Cancer; Radiation Toxicity

Summary: rationale: assessment of patients undergoing radiation therapy may help to determine the effects of the treatment and may help improve cancer treatment. purpose: this clinical trial is studying the memory skills in patients receiving radiation therapy for brain metastases.

objectives: i. determine the feasibility of performing a test battery consisting of five neurocognitive measures and a quality of life instrument following radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases. outline: patients undergo radiotherapy 5 days a week for 3 weeks. quality of life and neurocognitive function is assessed before study, at completion of radiotherapy, and at 1 month after completion of radiotherapy. patients are followed at 1 month. projected accrual: a total of 50 patients will be accrued for this study over 5 months.

Eligibility criteria:
disease characteristics: histologically proven primary malignancy no primary site of hematopoietic origin (leukemia) no leptomeningeal involvement at least 1 measurable brain metastasis by ct or mri patient characteristics: age: not specified performance status: zubrod 0-1 life expectancy: at least 3 months hematopoietic: not specified hepatic: not specified renal: not specified other: not pregnant or nursing fertile patients must use effective contraception neurological function classification 0-2 no major medical illnesses or psychiatric impairments that would preclude study prior concurrent therapy: biologic therapy: not specified chemotherapy: not specified endocrine therapy: not specified radiotherapy: no prior radiotherapy to the brain surgery: not specified

Keywords: tumors metastatic to brain radiation toxicity cognitive/functional effects
gsk573719 dose ranging study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Summary: the study will evaluate the dose response, safety, and pharmacokinetics of gsk573719 compared with placebo in subjects with copd.

this is multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over, incomplete block design study to evaluation of 5 doses of gsk573719 administered once-daily and 3 doses of gsk573719 administered twice-daily over 14 days in subjects with copd and will include tiotropium as an open-label active control. the pharmacokinetic profile of gsk573719 will also be evaluated.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a signed and dated written informed consent prior to study participation * males or females of non-childbearing potential * 40 to 80 years of age * copd diagnosis * 10 pack-years history or greater of cigarette smoking * post-bronchodilator fev1/fvc ratio of 0.70 or less * post-bronchodilator fev1 of 35 to 70% of predicted normal exclusion criteria: * asthma * other significant respiratory disorders besides copd, including alpha-1 deficiency * previous lung resection surgery * use of oral steroids or antibiotics for a copd exacerbation within 6 weeks of screening * hospitalization for copd or pneumonia within 3 months of screening * any significant disease that would put subject at risk through study participation * bmi greater than 35 * pacemaker * significantly abnormal ecg, holter, or clinical lab finding (including hepatitis b or c) * cancer * allergy or hypersensitivity to anticholinergics or inhaler excipients * diseases that would contra-indicate the use of anticholinergics * use of oral corticosteroids within 6 weeks of screening * use of long-acting beta-agonists within 48 hours of screening * use of tiotropium within 14 days of screening * use of theophyllines or anti-leukotrienes within 48 hours of screening * use of short-acting bronchodilators within 4 to 6 hours of screening * use of investigational medicines within 30 days of screening * use of high dose inhaled corticosteroids * use of long-term oxygen therapy, cpap or nippv * previous use of gsk573719

Keywords: dose ranging chronic bronchitis long-acting muscarinic antagonist cross-over copd emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) anticholinergic
a randomized trial of a be-ehr module to guide the care of older adults with diabetes

Conditions: Diabetes

Summary: this rct will test a new electronic health record module to improve guideline-compliant care of older adults with diabetes. the module incorporates effective behavioral economics (be) principles to improve the degree to which care of older adults is compliant with choosing wisely (cw) guidelines; this generally involves less aggressive targets for hba1c, and reductions of medications other than metformin. the implementation of the module is triggered by patient scheduling and medication prescribing in epic. the be principles include suggesting alternatives to medications, requiring justification, setting of appropriate default order sets, and incorporation of anchoring and checklists to guide behavior.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient at nyulh primary care or endocrinology practice * practices that have patients aged 75 or older * practices that have a diagnosis of diabetes in the ehr chart exclusion criteria: • under age 75
prospective observational analysis of circulating endocan levels in patients presenting with acute diverticulitis

Conditions: Diverticulitis

Summary: quantify the level of endocan in blood samples collected from patients with acute diverticulitis in the emergency department. determine if endocan levels are correlated with the severity of diverticulitis according to the wses classification. assess whether patients requiring emergency surgical intervention have higher endocan values compared to others.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who have signed informed consent * patients who are affected by acute diverticulitis after clinical evaluation and imaging (i.e. u.s. or cect) exclusion criteria: * immunosuppressed patients * patients suffering chronic inflammatory diseases * patients with concomitant malignancy, cardiac, renal and haepatic failure * history of major vascular surgery (aneurysmectomy) * pregnant women * patients participating in other studies that may interfere with the outcome of the intervention.

Keywords: endocan acute diverticolitis diverticulitis classification
visual performance of functional intraocular lenses in cataracts

Conditions: High Myopia; Cataract

Summary: this is a prospective, multi-center, randomized comparative study. the purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the postoperative visual outcomes and quality of vision of two diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (iols) in patients with high myopic cataracts.

binocular implantation of two types of trifocal iols was performed in patients with high myopic cataracts. postoperative uncorrected distance (unva), intermediate (uiva), near (unva), and best-corrected distance visual acuity (bcva) were measured. defocus curve, high-order aberrations, modulation transfer function curve, strehl ratio and reading ability were compared between the two groups. the functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena were surveyed using questionnaires.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * required binocular cataract extraction * age \> 21 years * length of optic axis \> 26 mm exclusion criteria: * irregular corneal astigmatism \> 0.3 um; * amblyopia; previous ocular surgery; * ocular pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma with field defects; * requirements for further ocular surgery (other than nd:yag capsulotomy) or retinal laser treatments during the study

Keywords: visual performance trifocal iol high myopic cataract
clinical performance of biofinity toric versus air optix for astigmatism

Conditions: Astigmatism

Summary: the aim of this study is to compare the clinical performance of the biofinity toric (comfilcon a) contact lens, versus air optix for astigmatism (lotrafilcon b) over 1 month of daily wear.

single masked, open label, randomized, bilateral, crossover study design comparing comfilcon a against lotrafilcon b lenses over 1 month of daily wear for each study lens. each subject will be randomized to wear the test lens (comfilcon a) or the control lens (lotrafilcon b) for one month of daily wear before repeating the schedule for the second pair without a washout period.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: a person is eligible for inclusion in the study if he/she: * is between 18 and 40 years of age (inclusive) * has had a self-reported visual exam in the last two years * is an adapted soft toric contact lens wearer * has a contact lens spherical prescription between +6.00 to - 10.00 (inclusive) * have no less than 0.75diopter (d) of astigmatism and no more than 2.25d in both eyes. * can achieve best corrected spectacle distance visual acuity of 20/25 (0.10 logmar) or better in each eye. * can achieve a distance visual acuity of 20/30 (0.18 logmar) or better in each eye with the study contact lenses. * has clear corneas and no active ocular disease * has read, understood and signed the information consent letter. * patient contact lens refraction should fit within the available parameters of the study lenses. * is willing to comply with the wear schedule (at least 5 days per week, \> 8 hours/day assuming there are no contraindications for doing so). * is willing to comply with the visit schedule exclusion criteria: a person will be excluded from the study if he/she: * has a contact lens prescription outside the range of the available parameters of the study lenses. * has a spectacle cylinder less than -0.75d or more than -2.25 d of cylinder in either eye. * has a history of not achieving comfortable contact lens wear (5 days per week; \> 8 hours/day) * has contact lens best corrected distance vision worse than 20/25 (0.10 logmar) in either eye. * presence of clinically significant (grade 2-4) anterior segment abnormalities * presence of ocular or systemic disease or need of medications which might interfere with contact lens wear. * slit lamp findings that would contraindicate contact lens wear such as: * pathological dry eye or associated findings * pterygium, pinguecula, or corneal scars within the visual axis * neovascularization \> 0.75 mm in from of the limbus * giant papillary conjunctivitis (gcp) worse than grade 1 * anterior uveitis or iritis (past or present) * seborrheic eczema, seborrheic conjunctivitis * history of corneal ulcers or fungal infections * poor personal hygiene * has a known history of corneal hypoesthesia (reduced corneal sensitivity) * has aphakia, keratoconus or a highly irregular cornea. * has presbyopia or has dependence on spectacles for near work over the contact lenses. * has undergone corneal refractive surgery. * is participating in any other type of eye related clinical or research study.
do probiotics reduce the risk of severe necrotising enterocolitis (nec) in infants born before 32 weeks gestation?

Conditions: Enterocolitis, Necrotizing

Summary: necrotising enterocolitis (nec) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in very preterm infants. this study aims to determine whether nec rates are different between infants who receive probiotics versus infants who do not receive probiotics. the study has a retrospective cohort design and will utilise routinely collected data from the uk national neonatal research database (nnrd). the cohort will comprise all infants born before 32 weeks gestation and cared for in neonatal units in england and wales between 2016 and 2022. a propensity score matched approach will be used to conduct two comparisons: i) the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (nec) between who do and those who do not receive probiotics in the first 14 days of life ii) the risk of nec between babies who receive the two most common probiotic products used in uk units, (labinic and proprems).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * eligible infants must have been born at less than 32 weeks gestation and be cared for in a english or welsh unit which contributes data to the national neonatal research database (this includes all nhs neonatal units in england and wales). * infants born in the period january 1st, 2016, to december 31st, 2022 (7 years) will be included. exclusion criteria: * they have missing data for any of: gestational age at birth, birth weight, year of birth and date of death (for those that died). * their nnrd record does not include details of their first admission or begins after day 3 of life. * the absolute value of their recorded birthweight for gestational age z score exceeds 4 or is missing. * they die in the first two postnatal days of life. * they have a major congenital abnormality

Keywords: probiotics
screening and identification of human urate transporter hurat1 microrna

Conditions: Urinary Calculi

Summary: this study intends to use in patients with renal tissue and blood samples, screening and identification of renal tissue hurat1 regulating the expression of micro-rna, for further study of uric acid stone formation mechanism and the occurrence of clinical preventive uric acid stones provide new clues and new intervention targets.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: a、b group were enrolled standards: ① aged 18-65 years old; ② comply with percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy indications for surgery; ③ ect tips ipsilateral normal or mildly impaired renal function. group c patients were enrolled standards: ① aged 18-65 years old; ② normal renal function, not associated with urinary calculi in patients; ③ cancer patients met radical nephrectomy indications for surgery; ④ emergency trauma patients suffering from kidney resection surgical indications. exclusion criteria: * aged \ 65 years; ② neurological disease or cognitive dysfunction; ③ can not be corrected or uncorrected coagulopathy; ④ associated with diabetes, hypertension and other metabolic diseases; ⑤ accompanied by tuberculosis, hepatitis, hiv and other infectious diseases; ⑥ poor tolerance to anesthesia and surgery, such as: severe cardiopulmonary disease, coagulation disorders, etc.; ⑦ ultrasound, renal imaging examination revealed renal cortex was significantly thinner (renal cortical thickness \<1.5cm), structural variation; ⑧ with severe systemic or urinary tract infection; ⑨ ect tips ipsilateral renal function is severely impaired or solitary kidney.
evaluating the addition of regional analgesia to reduce postoperative delirium in patients having hip fracture surgery.

Conditions: Delirium; Hip Fracture

Summary: post operative delirium is common after hip fracture surgery and is associated with increased length of hospital stay, delayed recovery and increased mortality. postoperative delirium can also decrease a patient's quality of life and increase treatment costs. anesthesia and pain relief (analgesia) treatments may also influence the incidence of delirium, but more research is needed into which techniques are effective in improving patient outcomes, care and decreasing costs. this pilot study compares the addition of regional analgesia as part of general anesthesia to determine the incidence of delirium following hip surgery. this is a collaborative study involving anesthesia, orthopedic surgery and geriatrics in the improvement of patient care.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria (must meet all 3): * greater than or equal to 65 years * have a hip fracture requiring surgery * written informed consent for participation of study prior to surgery. exclusion criteria: * contraindication to peripheral nerve block or local anaesthetics * unable to do delirium or cognitive testing due to language, vision or hearing impairment * unable to communicate with research staff due to language barriers * history of chronic opioid use (longer than 1 month) * contraindication to general anesthesia

Keywords: analgesia regional analgesia femoral nerve block older persons frail
evaluation of pleural effusion at assiut university hospital

Conditions: Pleural Effusion

Summary: pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the tissue layers that line the lungs and chest cavity. it has an estimated prevalence of 320 per 100,000 people in industrialized countries. the cause of the pleural effusion remains unclear in a substantial percentage of patients with persistently exudative effusions.

they are classified broadly into exudative and transudative effusion based on light's criteria. several methods have been proposed for the identification of pleural effusion etiology including pleural fluid cytology, pleural biopsy, thoracoscopy and computerized tomography. however, these technologies have their own limitations. the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion is a vexing problem, since pleural fluid cytology findings are positive in only 60% of cases on average. tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) can be positive in 80% of cases. thoracoscopy will establish the diagnosis in approximately 95% of cases, but this interventional procedure may not be available at all facilities. a new approach is needed to detect the cause of undiagnosed pleural effusions. diagnosis of idiopathic pleural effusion was made after a minimum of one year follow up with detailed exploration including computed tomographic scanning to exclude other causes of effusion such as malignant pleural effusion. because immunoglobulin g4 (igg4)-related disease is recognized as a fibroinflammatory condition of unknown cause that can affect multiple organs including the lungs and pleura, igg4 might be related to certain idiopathic pleural effusions. the criteria of common radiological findings of igg4-related lung disease include hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, thickening of perilymphatic interstitium with or without subpleural and/or peribronchovascular consolidation.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients with exudative pleural effusion admitted to assiut university hospital in period of october 2017 to october 2018 exclusion criteria: * patients with transudative pleural effusion