Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
thermal imaging to diagnose and monitor suspected bacterial infections

Conditions: Infections, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Bacterial

Summary: the purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of using thermal images to diagnose bacterial pneumonia instead of a chest x-ray in the future. more specifically, the objectives of this study are: 1) to determine if thermal imaging, using a commercial thermal camera can detect areas of heat emitted from the chest in similar locations to where a chest x-ray shows focal consolidation consistent with bacterial pneumonia; 2) to evaluate whether changes in heat emitted from the chest changes over time if it is possible to obtain serial images of the chest.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subject sent for a clinical chest x-ray (not research) to rule out pneumonia * thermal images obtained using flir one within 4 hours of the chest x-ray * signed informed consent obtained * subject is a patient at a participating clinic at massachusetts general hospital exclusion criteria: * none

Keywords: imaging, diagnostic feasibility
pilot study of cbt with tdcs for adults being treated for obsessive compulsive disorder

Conditions: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Summary: this pilot study aims to compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) versus sham stimulation, delivered immediately prior to cognitive-behavioral therapy (cbt) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd), on patient-reported outcomes. the investigator hypothesize that patients who receive active stimulation will experience greater improvement in ocd symptoms than those who receive sham stimulation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) * resident of state of wisconsin * enrolled in ocd intensive outpatient program (iop) at rogers behavioral health in oconomowoc, wi * ability to communicate effectively using written and spoken english exclusion criteria: * metal in the body of any kind (e.g., braces, pacemakers, metal plates or screws, intracranial electrodes, implanted devices/defibrillators, prostheses) * currently taking medication that reduces seizure threshold (e.g., clomipramine) * cranial pathologies (e.g., holes, plates) * history of seizure or black-out concussion * pregnancy * previous treatment at rogers behavioral health

Keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder ocd transcranial direct current stimulation tdcs cognitive behavior therapy cbt
cytomegalovirus (cmv) transmission by frozen breast milk in preterms

Conditions: Cytomegalovirus

Summary: cytomegalovirus infection threatens preterm infant. we investigated, whether thawed breast milk is a mode of transmission

preterm infants are at risk of symptomatic human cytomegalovirus infections transmitted by breast milk. this study evaluates incidence, timing, and clinical rlevance of acquired human cmv infections in preterm infants younger than 32 weeks of gestational age receiving maternal thawed frozen breast milk until 33 completed weeks of gestational age.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * preterm infants of less than 32 weeks of gestation exclusion criteria: * preterm infant of 32 weeks of gestational age or older, feeding with solely formula milk * ourborn infants * retroviral infection * cmv status of mother unclear * informed consent missing

Keywords: cytomegalovirus breast milk preterm infants transmission transmission of cmv via thawed frozen breast milk
cervical lidocaine-prilocaine cream vs glyceryl trinitrate cream in nulliparous women with lng-iud insertion

Conditions: Contraception

Summary: the aim of the present study is to compare safety and efficacy of cervical lidocaine-prilocaine cream versus glyceryl trinitrate cream on pain perception during levonorgestrel- intrauterine device insertion among nulliparous women: a randomized double-blind controlled trial


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * young and adolescent women requesting lng-iud insertion exclusion criteria: * parous women and contraindications to lng-iud placement or to the study drugs.
presbyopic phakic intraocular lens for myopia correction

Conditions: Presbyopia; Myopia

Summary: this is a prospective single-center study of implantations of the presbyopic version of phakic intraocular lens ipcl (eyeoluk, united kingdom).

participants are impanted with the phakic intraocular lens ipcl (eyeoluk, united kingdom) and monitored during 2 years period. visual acuity for near and distance is evaluated, along with refraction and endothelium cell density.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * cdva \< 0.3 logmar * presbyopia with moderate to high myopia * phakic exclusion criteria: * corneal endotehleial cell density below 2000 cells/mm2 * corneal dystrophies * acd less than 2.8 mm * history or current uveitis * acute ocular inflammation * glaucoma * chronic uveitis * previous intraocular or refractive surgery * preexisting ocular pathologic which may affect postoperative results
use of mhealth to increase physical activity for patients recently hospitalized with acute heart failure

Conditions: Heart Failure

Summary: the aim of this trial is to determine if a mobile application that promotes physical exercise in the follow-up of patients recently hospitalized with acute heart failure can improve exercise capacity after 6 months and physical activity levels compared to the standard follow-up. a randomized clinical trial will be conducted with 100 consecutive patients aged +18 years, hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure in a tertiary referral hospital who own a mobile phone compatible with myplan and access to wi-fi or mobile data. at discharge, patients will be randomly assigned in two groups; the intervention group will be followed with a smartphone application to promote physical activity, whereas the control group will take responsibility in their adherence to exercise recommendations. main study variables will be functional capacity after 6 months, which will be evaluated using the six minute walking test, and physical activity levels, using the international physical activity questionnaire (ipaq). the study will be analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. the project has been authorized by the local committee for ethics in clinical research.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged +18 years * hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure in a tertiary referral hospital * owning a mobile phone compatible with myplan and access to wi-fi or mobile data (either the patient or the caregiver) exclusion criteria: * nyha iv patients * currently listed for heart transplant * left ventricular assist device recipient * ventricular arrhythmia within prior 6 months * uncontrolled arterial hypertension or resting heart rate \>100 bpm * acute myocarditis or pericarditis * severe aortic stenosis * hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy * advanced av block * muscle-skeletal or neurologic disease preventing to perform study procedures * acs within prior month * severe lung disease * moderate or severe cognitive impairment * unable/unwilling to consent * projected life expectancy \<6 months * clinical judgment concerning other safety issues
comparison of surveillance colonoscopy techniques in patients with ibd

Conditions: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Summary: we propose a randomized controlled study to determine the detection rates of neoplasia with high definition colonoscopy alone, high definition dye spraying chromoendoscopy or high definition iscan virtual chromoendoscopy in patients with long standing colitis (8 years from diagnosis except primary sclerosing cholangitis when surveillance starts at diagnosis) cd or uc. we hypothesized that these novel endoscopic techniques using high definition colonoscopy with virtual chromoendoscopy -iscan 2 and 3 may be superior to high definition colonoscopy alone and similar to using dye spraying chromoendoscopy for detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in patients with long standing ibd. we will aim to demonstrate if we can avoid dye spraying during the procedure and save expense and considerable time. in addition, we can hope to produce evidence and inform the way in which we perform surveillance colonoscopy especially without large number of multiple random biopsies but only few targeted" smart and intelligent" biopsies using high definition colonoscopy with iscan technique as is already the european practice in several centres.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: clinical and histological diagnosis of uc or colonic cd-extensive or pancolitis. uc -cd disease duration 8 years from diagnosis uc-cd with associated primary sclerosing cholangitis from diagnosis ulcerative colitis activity index mayo score 0-1 (inactive disease) crohn's disease activity index - harvey bradshaw score \<4 (dysplasia detection requires quiescent inflammatory bowel disease) exclusion criteria: known intraepithelial neoplasia or colorectal cancer or other neoplasia coagulopathy which may prevent biopsies pregnancy inability to obtain informed consent

Keywords: dysplasia, inflammatory bowel disease
assess the efficacy and safety of repeat intravitreal injections of foselutoclax (ubx1325) in patients with dme (aspire)

Conditions: Diabetic Macular Edema; Retinal Disease; Macular Edema; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Diseases; Eye Diseases; Edema

Summary: the goal of this clinical trial is to assess the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of foselutoclax (ubx1325) in patients with diabetic macular edema. the main questions the study aims to answer are: * assess the efficacy of foselutoclax compared to aflibercept * assess the safety and tolerability of foselutoclax

this study is intended to assess the efficacy and safety of foselutoclax, a phosphate pro-drug, and its active parent molecule (ubx0601, a bcl-xl inhibitor) following repeat intravitreal (ivt) injections of foselutoclax in patients with diabetic macular edema (dme). approximately 50 patients will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 into either the foselutoclax arm,10 μg given 8 weeks apart, or the control arm of aflibercept, 2 mg every 8 weeks in order to assess the primary objective. all patients will be followed for approximately 36 weeks. the injector will be unmasked but the evaluator will remain masked throughout the study. this study will enroll participants ≥18 years of age with active dme disease despite treatment, with best corrected visual acuity (bcva) between 70 to 30 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (etdrs) letters (equivalent to 20/40 to 20/250 on the snellen chart). once patients meet inclusion/exclusion criteria, patients will receive 3 run-in injections of aflibercept approximately 4 weeks apart, with the last aflibercept injection 4-6 weeks prior to day 1.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients aged ≥18 years. * patients with nonproliferative dr and dme * center-involved dme with central subfield thickness (cst) ≥325-900 μm * bcva in the se (most affected) of 70 to 30 etdrs letters (equivalent to 20/40 to 20/250 on the snellen chart) exclusion criteria: * concurrent disease in the study eye (se) or structural damage, other than dme, that could compromise bcva, prevent bcva improvement, require medical or surgical intervention during the study period, confound interpretation of the results, or interfere with assessment of toxicity or color fundus photography (cfp) in the se. * significant media opacities, including cataract, or posterior capsule opacification, which might interfere with va, assessment of toxicity, or fundus imaging in either eye. * any medical condition that is uncontrolled and may prevent participation in this study, as determined by the investigator or disqualify individuals from enrollment.

Keywords: dme
benign prostatic hypertrophy treatment patterns & outcomes: marketscan

Conditions: Prostatic Hyperplasia

Summary: this retrospective study aims to assess treatment patterns within 1 year of initiating bph treatment, including 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (5ari) monotherapy, alpha-blocker (ab) monotherapy, early combination therapy, and delayed combination therapy. the marketscan database will be utilized for this study (2000-2008)


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male * aged 50 years or older * a diagnostic claim for bph * at least one prescription claim for a 5ari or ab in the enrollment period * continuous eligibility for 6 months prior to and 12 months after index prescription date exclusion criteria: * diagnosis of prostate or bladder cancer during the study period * any prostate-related surgical procedure within 1 month of the index prescription date * prescription claim for finasteride 1 mg for male pattern baldness during the study period

Keywords: enlarged prostate benign prostatic hyperplasia alpha-blocker 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
high intensity focused ultrasound (hifu) for parathyroid adenoma

Conditions: Parathyroid Adenomas

Summary: this study aims to determine whether hifu treatment is a safe and effective alternative to an operation to remove all or part of the affected gland. the objective is to achieve biochemical cure (assessed by normal calcium level in the blood at six weeks, six months and one year after therapy) without affecting the patient's voice or ability to swallow.

primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine condition in which one or more of the four parathyroid glands in the neck releases too much parathyroid hormone (pth). this leads to excess calcium in the blood and if untreated it can cause osteoporosis, kidney stone formation, deterioration of kidney function and disturbance in heart rhythm. surgery to remove all or part of the affected gland(s) is expected to cure 95% of such patients. in current practice all such patients undergo localisation techniques using sestamibi scanning and neck ultrasonography to demonstrate the position of the enlarged/overactive parathyroid gland. these radiological tests are positive in some two thirds of patients, who can be operated through a minimally invasive procedure focused on the exact localisation pinpointed by the scans. this study uses a procedure that does not require a surgical incision. precise imaging of the parathyroid glands allows the exact position of the tumour to be found from outside the body. a high intensity focused ultrasound beam produces heat, but only in a small specific area. exact positioning of the ultrasound beam targets the tumour cells and kills them without harming the surrounding healthy tissues.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) * moderate/severe hypercalcaemia (ca\>2.8mmol/l) * positive sestamibi scan demonstrating a cervical parathyroid adenoma * adenoma visible on ultrasound scan exclusion criteria: * large adenoma (\>15mm) * deep adenoma (\>20mm from skin surface * familial disease (eg members of men-1 families) * inability to complete questionnaires in english without making mistakes or needing help with translation

Keywords: primary parathyroid adenomas
clinical-pathological evaluation of pit-nets

Conditions: Pituitary; Cancer; Neuroendocrine Tumors

Summary: pituitary adenomas, namely pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitnets), are recognized as rare neoplasia by national and international institutions. albeit most pitnets are slow-growing with an indolent behavior, about one-third do not achieve biochemical control, recur, re-grow, and resist conventional treatments. the predictors of aggressive behavior have not been identified for pitnets. in 2013 trouillas and coworkers developed a five tiered clinicopathological score by mixing histopathological data and clinico-radiological evidence of invasion. this system proved of prognostic value. nonetheless, unlike for net of gut and lung, no formal grading and/or staging tools were developed. in addition, pitnets have not been thoroughly investigated by radiomics to predict clinical behavior, nor have druggable pathways been elucidated in pitnet cells to unveil new potential therapeutic approaches. the first aim of this project is to define grading and staging tools for pitnets based on: i) lineage-specific transcription factors ; ii) cell type specification by hormone production (prolactin, tsh, lh, fsh, acth, gh or none); iii) integration of standard radiological measures with recognized tools for clinical and pathological staging. the second aim of this project is to investigate radiomics features as predictors of pitnets behavior, prognosis, and treatment outcome. the third aim of this project is to investigate whether the expression of molecular biomarkers \[vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), epithelial growth factor receptor (egfr), somatostatin receptors 1-5 (sstrs), fibroblast growth factor (fgf), mtor (mammalian target of rapamycin), programmed cells death 1 (pd1) and its ligands (pd-l1), and cytotoxic t lymphocyte associated protein 4 (ctla4)\] may impact on patients prognosis. identifying new molecular pathways may help fine-tune and schedule the emerging targeted therapies for aggressive pitnets, including mtor inhibitors, vegf, egfr, and immune check-point inhibitors. this study will investigate a large multicenter retrospective series of 740 pitnet patients and a prospective cohort of 200 patients to reach these objectives.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * consecutive patients older than 18 years; * availability of tumor samples for the required pathology analyses; * clinico-radiological follow-up of at least 5-10 years exclusion criteria: - not applicable for this study
intermittent theta burst stimulation (itbs) for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether the itbs is an effective treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

this study will evaluate whether the intermittent theta burst stimulation (itbs), a new high frequency tms protocol is efficient in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. neuroimaging studies demonstrate that hypoactivity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ldlpfc) was associated with negative symptoms. the investigators hypothesize that itbs applied to ldlpfc will improve negative symptoms and will improve activity of the ldlpfc measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * schizophrenia according to dsm-iv * negative symptoms for at least 6 weeks * medication resistance according to kane et al., 1988 * age between 18 and 50 years old * informed consent exclusion criteria: * contraindication to tms * pregnancy

Keywords: itbs negative symptoms
safety and efficacy of phenylephrine 2.5%-tropicamide 1% microdose ophthalmic solution for pupil dilation

Conditions: Mydriasis

Summary: this study evaluated pupil dilation after administration of fixed combination tropicamide-phenylephrine (tr/ph) vs. placebo. participants attended 3 visits. at each visit, after baseline measurements, either the study drug or placebo was administered to both eyes, then pupil dilation and safety assessments were performed at specific time intervals.

volunteer participants were screened for study eligibility during a screening visit and enrolled after signing the study-specific informed consent form. subjects meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria were scheduled for 3 treatment visits, which were at least 2 days, but no more than 7 days apart. at each treatment visit, baseline measurements were taken, then either the study drug or placebo was administered to both eyes. afterwards, efficacy and safety assessments were performed at 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, 120, and 180 minutes. participants' treatment assignments for each treatment visit were equally randomized using 1 of 2 sequences - abb or baa, where a was the study drug and b was the placebo.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ability to provide written consent and return for all study visits * photopic pupil diameter \<= 3.5 mm in each eye exclusion criteria: * allergy to phenylephrine hydrochloride, tropicamide, or benzalkonium chloride * history of benign prostatic hyperplasia * use of a benzodiazepine, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressant, anticonvulsant, or cholinergic drug * history of closed-angle glaucoma * anatomically narrow anterior chamber angles * ocular surgery or laser treatment of any kind * history of chronic or acute uveitis * history of traumatic iritis or hyphema * history of traumatic mydriasis or angle recession * history of heterochromia * irregularly-shaped pupil secondary to ocular trauma or congenital defect. * history of neurogenic pupil disorder * history of anterior chamber intraocular lens (iol) or iris-fixated iol * history of iris surgery, iris atrophy, or iris-cornea apposition/touch * unwilling or unable to discontinue use of contact lenses at treatment visits. * current active eye disease for which topical or systemic ophthalmic medication is necessary, except for dry eye disease managed using artificial tears. * presence of a severe/serious ocular condition, or any other unstable medical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may preclude study treatment and/or follow-up * pregnancy or lactation
letrozole or tamoxifen citrate in treating older postmenopausal women undergoing surgery for breast cancer

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Summary: rationale: estrogen can cause the growth of breast cancer cells. hormone therapy using letrozole may fight breast cancer by blocking the uptake of estrogen. tamoxifen citrate may fight breast cancer by blocking the use of estrogen by the tumor cells. it is not yet known whether letrozole or tamoxifen citrate is more effective when given before surgery in treating older women with breast cancer. purpose: this randomized phase iii trial is studying letrozole to see how well it works compared with tamoxifen citrate in treating older postmenopausal women undergoing surgery for breast cancer.

objectives: primary * investigate the changes in ki67 and pcna in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive (er+) breast cancer after 4 months of treatment with letrozole vs tamoxifen citrate. secondary * compare the response after 4 months of therapy. * define the resistant forms of cancer in patients treated with these regimens. * define the molecular signature predictive of sensitivity or resistance to er+ breast adenocarcinoma by gene and serum protein profiling. * search for serum protein profiles predictive of recurrence-free interval. outline: patients are randomized into 1 of 2 intervention arms. * arm i: patients receive oral letrozole once daily for 16 weeks. * arm ii: patients receive oral tamoxifen citrate once daily for 16 weeks. patients in both arms then undergo surgery. blood and tumor tissue samples are collected at baseline and after completion of neoadjuvant therapy for changes in ki67 and pcna and serum protein profiling analysis. after completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 6 months for 3 years, and then once a year for 5 years.

Eligibility criteria:
disease characteristics: * histologically confirmed invasive breast adenocarcinoma * clinically t2 tumor and/or \> 1 cm by echography * estrogen receptor (er)-positive and \> 10% of the tumor cells positive * no er-negative disease * no prior breast cancer * no metastatic or inflammatory breast adenocarcinoma patient characteristics: * postmenopausal * no cardiac function that could contraindicate surgery or medical treatment (e.g., radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) * no prior malignancies within the past 5 years except for nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * no mental incapacitation that would preclude consent * no contraindication to tamoxifen citrate or letrozole prior concurrent therapy: * more than 8 days since prior hormone-replacement therapy or other treatment (i.e., phytoestrogen) for menopause * no concurrent therapy that would modify the expression of the genes regulated by estrogen * no concurrent participation in another clinical study

Keywords: estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer stage ia breast cancer stage ib breast cancer stage ii breast cancer stage iiia breast cancer