Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in older patients with asthma

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: the aim of the randomized controlled study is to investigate the effects of nmes superimposed on voluntary contraction combined with patient education and exercise training program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

when initial assessments will be completed, patients will be assigned to one of two possible sequences by simple randomization: superimposed nmes group (sg) or control group (cg). all volunteers will receive an copd patient education program for once and conventional physiotherapy exercise program for copd with the duration of 8 weeks. additionally, superimposed nmes will be applied on quadriceps muscle of both limbs at the same time with voluntarily contraction of quadriceps muscle in sg. all patients will be assessed in terms of functional capacity, pulmonary functions, quadriceps muscle endurance and strength, dyspnea, respiratory muscle strength and quality of life at the baseline and at the end of study. data will be collected from all the patients at baseline and at the end of study (8 weeks) by the same physiotherapist who also will supervise the exercise sessions.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. having stable asthma 2. participating to the study in a voluntary basis 3. being 65 - 75 years old 4. having 2 point or over score from "modified medical research council (mmrc)" dyspnea scale 5. being motivated to participate and follow exercise program exclusion criteria: 1. having an asthma exacerbation in a last month 2. other respiratory problems 3. ischemic heart disease 4. congestive heart disease 5. pacemaker 6. acute cor pulmonale 7. neurological diseases 8. osteoporosis 9. smoking

Keywords: asthma neuromuscular electrical stimulation quadriceps muscle strength quality of life
training in shared decision-making of cystic fibrosis centers competences in the treatment of cf related diabetes in adult patients

Conditions: Diabetes; Cystic Fibrosis

Summary: diabetes affects half of cystic fibrosis patients aged 30 years and older. it develops asymptomatically for a long time. also, two options are possible: start insulin treatment now with the additional constraints associated with cystic fibrosis or wait while monitoring the patient's clinical status and initiate insulin treatment when he has developed symptoms and therefore later. in practice, the choice between these two options takes place over two medical consultations without a formalized shared decision-making process between the doctor and the patient. shared decision-making is a decision-making process in which the healthcare provider and the patient learn about patients care options and then deliberate to reach a common agreement on the decision taken. shared decision-making seemed particularly relevant to us in cystic fibrosis where there are complex treatment options with variable short-, medium- and long-term side effects and where the disease and its treatments have a high impact on the patient's quality of life.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: concerning the patient : * patient major * patient affected by cystic fibrosis * patient able to understand french * patient sable on respiratory and nutritional status * patient with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the glucose tolerance test (ogtt) * patient with normal fasting blood sugar concerning the health professionals : medical and paramedical professionals practising in the adult cystic fibrosis centers competences (doctors, nurses, dieticians, psychologists, physiotherapists, etc...) exclusion criteria: * patient with transplant * patient who have received insulin therapy

Keywords: cystic fibrosis shared decision-making treatments of diabete
training second-grade dyslexic students using a computerized program in assiut, egypt

Conditions: Dyslexia

Summary: dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. it is characterized by difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition, by poor spelling and decoding abilities, difficulty reading words in isolation and difficulty with oral reading (slow, inaccurate, or labored). these difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected with other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. the phonological deficit hypothesis is the dominant explanatory theory of developmental dyslexia. despite this, impaired phonological processing alone cannot explain all clinical symptoms of dyslexia. many students with dyslexia have multiple deficits other than phonological deficits. of these accused deficits are visual perceptual processing deficits, auditory processing deficits, multisensory spatial attention deficits as well as cerebellar dysfunction. the current mandatory criterion for the diagnosis of dyslexia, below-average achievement, implies waiting to failure. this approach for diagnosis (must fail approach) would delay intervention for rehabilitation. furthermore, the cut-off scores would result in over or under inclusion of cases and appear to be the least reliable and valid approach to diagnosis. both methods lack a deeper understanding of the underlying reading difficulty, their neurobiological basis, and hence represent barriers against scientifically-based interventions. however, improved understanding of the neurobiological basis of dyslexia will facilitate evidence-based effective intervention.

this study will be carried out along seven stages; 1- identification of students with reading disability using arabic reading achievement test (rat); 2- construction of a computerized arabic cognitive abilities diagnostic battery for reading (cadb-r); 3- standardization of the constructed battery; 4- detailed study of the cognitive profile; 5- construction of a computerized cognitive abilities training battery for reading (catb-r); 6- application of the training battery; 7- reassessment.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 2nd-grade primary school students * poor scholastic achievement: less than mean - sd score on arabic reading achievement test * normal neurological, basic audiological, and ophthalmological examination * both sexes included exclusion criteria: * student refused to participate * abnormal neurological, audiological or ophthalmological examination

Keywords: dyslexia training egypt
appetite hormones in binge eating disorder

Conditions: Binge Eating Disorder

Summary: this study investigates the hormones that the body produces in response to food intake and in response to stress, and the way that stress influences food intake. in particular, it compares the hormone levels and food intake of people with and without binge eating disorder. in order to find out how these appetite- and stress-related hormones are linked to brain activity, the study also includes an fmri scan, a non-invasive procedure that looks at which regions of the brain are most active during a food-related scenario.

the objectives are to study appetite-related hormones regulating food intake under normal conditions and following a stressor in the morning and evening (when most binge episodes occur), to help reveal biological mechanisms in bed. we plan to enroll: 32 obese ss with bed (16m, 16f), 32 obese ss without bed (16m, 16f) and 32 normal-weight ss without bed (16m, 16f). height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat will be assessed during a first appointment. on two different days separated by at least a week, ss will ingest a fixed liquid meal once in the morning and once in the evening. appetite ratings and collections of blood and saliva to measure hormones will continue for 2 hours after the fixed meal. this will be followed on each day by a laboratory stress protocol (socially evaluated cold pressor test; secpt), and then consumption of an ad libitum meal 30 minutes later. on one day during the protocol, the participant will collect saliva using a swab immediately after waking and again at 08.00. in order to capture more naturalistic eating episodes, all ss will additionally record food intake, rate appetite, and measure salivary cortisol before and after one evening meal, and one after-dinner snack (or after-dinner binge for bed ss). on two additional days, we will use fmri to assess brain activation in response to high-palatability food (hpf) relative to low-palatability food (lpf) or non-food (nf) visual cues following the secpt and a control condition using warm water. on each day, following the fmri scan, an ad libitum meal will be consumed.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi of 20-25 or 30-50 * stable weight(± 4%) for at least 3 mo * premenopausal and have regular menstrual cycles (28 d ± 5), not be pregnant or lactating, and not be within 1 y of childbirth * must like pizza and be willing to consume it during the ad libitum meal exclusion criteria: * significant medical or psychiatric conditions * current and past 3-mo use of certain prescribed medications, especially those that could affect body weight, such as antidepressants and stimulants as well as smoking, or excess alcohol (\> 3 drinks/d) * vigorously exercise for more than 6 h/wk * left-handed, with known claustrophobia for a scanner enclosure, or have metal implants, non-removable metallic dental retainers, pacemakers, or permanent eyeliner or large tattoos that contain metallic pigment

Keywords: appetite hormones binge eating disorder obesity cortisol stress
preventing problem behavior among middle school students

Conditions: Substance Use Disorders; Health Promotion

Summary: problem behaviors such as drug use, violence, and school misconduct increase during adolescence. this study evaluated a program designed to prevent problem behaviors in middle school students; the program includes classroom instruction for students and home instruction for parents.

the prevalence of problem behaviors, such as school misconduct, underachievement, and dropout; tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use; and violence and delinquency, increases dramatically during adolescence. these behaviors place youths at an increased risk for school failure, involvement in the criminal justice system, and chronic substance abuse. the purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a comprehensive program of interventions, called going places, that includes participatory classroom curriculum, parent education, and enhanced school environment. the primary goal of these components was to help students learn social competence skills that will help them make positive decisions in their lives. the classroom curriculum component was integrated into the participating schools' regular language arts curriculum in grades 6 through 8. the curriculum provided instruction in and opportunities to practice interpersonal communication, self-management, problem solving, and conflict management. brief videotapes with student actors served as trigger films to stimulate student interest, provide models, and motivate prosocial behavior. parents in the participating schools received instruction via videotape and print materials and participated in student homework exercises. the emphasis was on encouraging parents to remain involved, adopt creative monitoring practices, and foster adolescent autonomy by establishing rules and conditions leading incrementally to greater independence. students in the seven charles county, maryland, middle schools were randomized either to the going places intervention group or to the usual education control group. the intervention was sequentially structured, with curricula implemented in each grade of middle school. questionnaires were administered to all middle school students at the beginning of the 6th grade (before the intervention) to establish baseline levels of substance use, school misconduct, parent and peer influences, and school climate. students completed surveys in the spring of grades 6, 7, and 8. a final follow-up survey was completed in the fall of ninth grade. the surveys assessed standard measures of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use, school misconduct, and participation in school activities. the surveys also included items related to psychosocial, parental, and school factors.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * attends participating middle schools * reads at grade level

Keywords: adolescence parenting school primary prevention school-based intervention
diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and the evaluation of perinatal brain injury

Conditions: Brain Injury, Fetus and Neonate

Summary: the researchers' objective is to use diffusion-tensor imaging (dti) to evaluate infants diagnosed with cerebral white matter injury during the neonatal period and identify antenatal risk factors, electronic fetal heart rate monitoring abnormalities, and umbilical arterial gas results that are associated with cerebral white matter injury. the researchers' hypothesis is that this new imaging technique will help us better understand how these devastating injuries occur.

maternal and neonatal data will be collected as well as the umbilical arterial gas results and the electronic fetal heart rate tracing of the labor. infants will have a head ultrasound at 24-72 hours, 10-14 days, and at 4-6 weeks to look for cerebral white matter injury, as standard of care. all infants with a birth weight \ 1500 grams with white matter injury diagnosed by ultrasound will be imaged as well as the subsequent delivery born within 7 days of that gestational age without brain injury. all infants will have the dti brain scan at 12-18 months of age corrected for the degree of prematurity, and will also have a formal neurological assessment at that time.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all infants born at our hospital at \< 1500 grams * all infants born at our hospital at \> 1500 grams with brain injury or severe metabolic acidosis exclusion criteria: * major congenital malformations * chromosomal abnormality

Keywords: perinatal brain injury diffusion-tensor imaging
evaluation of a low-cost cpap device on hospitalized covid-19 patients

Conditions: Covid19; Hypoxemia

Summary: the aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary safety and performance of a low-cost locally-made venturi-based non-invasive positive pressure ventilator (nippv) device for hypoxemic covid-19 patients. the device administers continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) therapy using the jet-mixing or venturi effect to increase the volume flow rate of oxygenated air from a pressurized cylinder by entraining the atmospheric air. to provide cpap therapy, this high flow of oxygenated air is delivered to the patient via a low-cost non-vented mask with a tight seal with a high-efficiency particulate air (hepa) filter connected to the exhalation limb. the tight seal and hepa filter ensures a minimal risk of aerosol generation and thus the device can be used without a negative pressure room. the system consists of the developed venturi-based flow-generator, a standard 22mm breathing tube, a standard y-connector, a non-vented cpap mask (e.g., snorkel mask, helmet), a hepa filter, and a positive end expiratory pressure (peep) valve. the bench-top testing of the device is done in the laboratories of buet and was verified that the device performs within the cpap guidelines provided by the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (mhra), uk. this study aims to assess the safety of and efficacy of the device in three different steps: (1) design validation, (2) clinical feasibility and (3) pilot clinical trial for safety and efficacy evaluation. only if the device successfully passes the parts 1 and 2, the investigators will proceed to the final clinical trial in step 3. in this final step, the investigators aim to conduct a randomized controlled trial (rct) evaluating for non-inferiority of the cpap intervention compared to standard hfno treatment. the number of ventilator-free days will be used as the primary outcome for efficacy, while patient recovery, death, or need of intubation and other adverse events will be used as secondary outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≥ 18 years * confirmed or suspected covid-19 patient (by rt-pcr) having severe pneumonia and hypoxemia (spo2 ≤90%) who did not respond to standard oxygen therapy (non-rebreather mask on 15l/min at 100% fio2). exclusion criteria: * severely hypoxemic patients (spo2≤85%) * patients with low respiratory drive or requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation * patients with contraindications for cpap * pregnant status * age \> 65 years
dynamic profiles of cytokine/chemokine in severe acute respiratory syndrome

Conditions: SARS

Summary: severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov). the major clinical features of sars include fever, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and a rapid progression of pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiologic images. the sars-related deaths have resulted mainly from pulmonary complications, including progressive respiratory failure due to alveolar damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). pathological changes in sars suggest that sars sequelae such as infiltration of pmn in lung tissue, multiple organ dysfunction and ards have been associated with cytokines and chemokine dysregulation. some patients still manifested lung injury at a time when the viral load was falling also supports the immune nature of the lung damage. we therefore undertook an analysis of dynamic production of cytokine/chemokines in sars patients with an initial normal chest radiograph in order to improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and improve patient management.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * sars group: patients with sars exclusion criteria: * hospital acquired pneumonia
effect of coffee on gastro-esophageal disease in patients with symptoms of reflux

Conditions: GERD

Summary: investigation evaluating the effect of coffee on gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

many patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (gerd) report that drinking coffee causes heartburn. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of coffee on gastro-esophageal acid reflux, and its relation to esophageal motility parameters in patients who are already scheduled to undergo 48 hour wireless ph testing as a result of having symptoms suggestive of gerd. the specific aims are to evaluate the effects of coffee on gerd during daily life and to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism by which coffee induces reflux.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * persons undergoing wireless ph testing for diagnosis and treatment of gerd exclusion criteria: * those under the age of 18 * pregnant and lactating women * those who do not meet the inclusion criteria

Keywords: gerd gastro-esophageal disease
rct - epidural anesthetic cocktail following endoscopic lumbar discectomy

Conditions: Lumbar Disc Herniation

Summary: the study aims to study the effect of intraoperative epidural application of anesthetic cocktail following endoscopic lumbar discectomy in improving postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, time at first dose analgesia, post-operative opioid consumption, functional outcomes, time return to work, and postoperative complications

this is a randomized controlled trial study the effects of epidural anesthetic cocktail. the cocktail, consists of triamcinolone 40 mg, marcaine 5 mg, and morphine 3 mg, is soaked in the gelfoam size 1x2 cm and applied on the epidura before removal of the endoscope. 54 participants are deivided into two arms, experimental and placebo group, and randomized into the trial. primary objective is the odi score from patient-reported function outcome at 3 months with secondary objective as mentioned above.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18-60 * lumbar radiculopathy * no prior spinal surgery or recurrent lumbar disc herniation * plan for endoscopic discectomy after failed conservative for at least 6 weeks * single-level herniation confirmed by mri which correlated with symptoms exclusion criteria: * allergic or contraindicated to amide-type anesthesia, opioid, nsaids, or steroids * cauda equina syndrome * concomitant with other abnormalities * unable to answer questionnaires * cannot tolerate surgery due to medical comorbidities
airway epithelium gene expression: aegis ide

Conditions: Lung Cancer

Summary: the purpose of the research study is to develop a new, more sensitive, and less invasive test for diagnosing lung cancer at an earlier stage, when it can more easily be cured. the investigators hypothesize that certain genes are expressed differently in current and former smokers who have lung cancer, and this difference in gene expression may be a biomarker for lung cancer.

allegro diagnostics is funding this multi-center study to validate and extend a new diagnostic tool measuring global gene expression in airway epithelial cells obtained at routine bronchoscopy in suspect lung cancer patients. the test, which is highly sensitive and specific for lung cancer, measures the levels of expression of genes in cells brushed from the large bronchi during diagnostic bronchoscopy. similar brushings of epithelial cells from the nose will be analyzed to determine if gene expression in these cells can be used as a screening tool in subjects who may have now or be at risk for developing lung cancer in the future.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients being evaluated for the diagnosis of possible lung cancer or "rule out lung cancer" and undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy * all patients are required to be at least 21 years of age and be able to understand and sign the informed consent form * patient must be a current or former cigarette smoker exclusion criteria: * a pulmonary physician does not recommend that bronchoscopy be performed * inability to understand the written consent form and comply with requirements of the study * history of prior primary lung cancer * immediately prior to bronchoscopy, the patient has been on a mechanical ventilator for \>24 consecutive hours.

Keywords: lung cancer smoker former smoker gene expression bronchoscopy