Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
pediatric epilepsy trial in subjects 1-24 months

Conditions: Epilepsy

Summary: this study is being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lamictal added to the current therapy of pediatric patients age 1-24 months old with partial seizures. the medication used in this study has been approved by fda for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in patients 2 years and older.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * have a confident diagnosis of epilepsy * must be experiencing 4 or more reliably detectable partial seizures per month while receiving at least 1 anti-epileptic drug (aed) * must weigh at least 7 lbs if currently receiving enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs (eiads) or weigh at least 15 lbs if currently receiving non-enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs (non-eiads) * have no underlying chronic metabolism problems * have normal lab results * have a normal electrocardiogram (ecg) exclusion criteria: * have a diagnosis of severe, progressive myoclonus. * have seizures not related to epilepsy. * have previously demonstrated sensitivity or allergic reaction to the study drug or its related compounds. * have progressive or unstable condition of the nervous system. * used experimental medication within 30 of enrollment into the study. * have any significant, chronic heart, kidney, liver or stomach/intestinal (gi) condition. * current use of the medication felbamate. * current use of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth). * following a ketogenic diet. * receiving vagal nerve stimulation (vns).

Keywords: partial seizures pediatric epilepsy
microneedling with topical preparations in the treatment of atrophic post-acne scars

Conditions: Acne Scars - Mixed Atrophic and Hypertrophic

Summary: to examine the anti-scarring effect of topical glycolic acid 35% combined with microneedling against that of topical insulin combined with microneedling for post acne scars

acne vulgaris (av) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of skin that develops from sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles. typically av begins at puberty and may continue through adulthood affecting the comedogenic areas of face, back and chest . one of the undesirable outcomes of acne is acne scars that are divided into two main types based on a loss (atrophic) or gain (hypertrophic) of collagen. atrophic type is the most common type, further subdivided into three subtypes: icepick, boxcar and rolling scar . post acne scars occur in nearly 75% of patients with acne affecting both male and female equally . acne scars impair quality of life and may be a risk factor for depression, suicide, low academic performance and unemployment . there are different therapeutic modalities for atrophic acne scars including microneedling, chemical peeling, laser, filler, surgical procedures (punch excision, punch grafts) and fat transfer. microneedling is considered safe for all skin types. it is performed by dermapen or dermaroller to induce new collagen formation that remains for a few months after the procedure. microneedling enhances the effect of topical preparations when used combined with them due to increasing their absorption by creating small channels through the epidermis to the dermis . it was reported that combination of glycolic acid (ga) with microneedling gave excellent results in treatment of post acne scars compared to microneedling alone. glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that decreases corneocytes cohesion leading to increasing keratinocytes turnover rate and faster desquamation . it was found that glycolic acid increases dermal hyaluronic acid and collagen gene expression through increasing the secretion of il6 . the administration of topical human insulin was investigated for the treatment of atrophic post-acne scars and concluded that topical insulin following microneedling was associated with significant improvement. topical insulin induces collagen formation and neovascularization through synthesis of transforming growth factor (tgf b1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all types of facial atrophic acne scars * patients aged \>18 years * both sexes exclusion criteria: * pregnancy and lactation * active acne or any active facial lesion * history of keloid scar * history of systemic diseases as dm or hypotension * bleeding and coagulation disorders * infection and immunosuppression
ceftriaxone vs levofloxacin on cytokine expression in pneumococcal pneumonia

Conditions: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare levofloxacin vs ceftriaxone impact on the cytokine production in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.

bacterial alveolar invasion is followed by a compartmentalized inflammatory response. data suggest that some antimicrobials may induce a differential release of cytokines, with the potential of either accelerating or down regulating cytokine production. the aim of our study was to compare the effects of ceftriaxone compared with levofloxacin on cytokine systemic concentrations in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with an acute febrile respiratory illness accompanied by a new radiographic infiltrate consistent with this diagnosis. * and with a confirmed pneumococcal aetiology exclusion criteria: * age \< 18 years, * pneumonia distal to endobronchial obstruction, * pulmonary tuberculosis, * bronchiectasis, * known allergy to b-lactams or fluoroquinolones, * underlying systemic autoimmune disease * immunocompromised states including patients on maintenance oral corticosteroids, hiv infection, * pregnancy, * patients that received antimicrobial therapy in the 15 days preceding the current episode and those who had received fluoroquinolones in the last month, or non steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy in the last two weeks. * patients with renal failure (serum creatinine \> 2 mg / dl), * and patients with a documented pneumococcal pneumonia in the previous 4 weeks

Keywords: fluorquinolones, b-lactams, immunomodulation.
evaluation of closed incision negative pressure dressing (prevena) to prevent lower extremity amputation wound complications

Conditions: Amputation; Amputation; Postoperative, Sequelae; Wound Dehiscence; Seroma; Wound Infection, Surgical; Lymph Leakage

Summary: this study is a prospective, multi-center, two-arm, unblinded, and randomized controlled trial with a goal of evaluating the impact of a closed incision negative pressure dressing (prevena) on incidence of post-operative wound complications and medical costs in patients undergoing lower extremity amputation.

this is a prospective, multi-center, two-arm, unblinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a closed incision negative pressure dressing (prevena™ peel \& place™ dressing kit) on incidence of post-operative wound complications in patients undergoing above-the-knee (aka) or below-the-knee (bka) amputation. up to 440 subjects at approximately five (5) participating sites will be randomized to receive either the prevena dressing or a standard care dressing. the incision will be assessed for complications at post-op day 5 or day 6 and at approximately 30 days after discharge. the primary outcome of this study is reported wound complications, including dehiscence (opening of the incision), seroma, lymph leak, infection (deep or superficial), hematoma (blood clots), ischemia (decreased blood supply), and necrosis (tissue death) a major complication is defined as any wound complication requiring intravenous or oral antibiotics, reoperation and/or hospital readmission. all data (demographics, medical history, and clinical outcomes) will be collected via medical record review

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. male or female adults 18 years or older 2. patients undergoing above-knee amputation (includes the revision of emergency guillotine amputations) 3. patients undergoing below-knee amputation (includes the revision of emergency guillotine amputations) 4. informed consent signed by patient exclusion criteria: 1. minors under 18 years 2. women who are pregnant or breastfeeding 3. patients undergoing emergent or guillotine amputation 4. patients having both legs amputated 5. patients with sensitivity to silver 6. unwilling or unable to provide informed consent 7. inability to comply with planned study procedures
the role of lactate in lipolysis and catabolism in humans

Conditions: Hyperlactatemia; Healthy; Lactate

Summary: lactate may have anti-lipolytic effects when plasma concentrations of lactate reach levels similar to those seen during high intensity exercise. this study aims to investigate how lactate concentrations similar to those achieved during high intensity exercise affects lipolysis in humans. in addition to this, to investigate how increased lactate concentrations affects glucose- and amino acid metabolism. 8 healthy males will be included. study participants will undergo two separate investigation days that will be identical except for the interventions: 1. intravenous sodium d/l-lactate 2. intravenous sodium chloride. the study consists of a 3-hour basal period followed by a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. during the study we will: * estimate insulin sensitivity during the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (m value) * use tracer kinetics to estimate lipid-, glucose and amino acid metabolism using \[9,10-3h\]-palmitate, \[3-3h\]-glucose, \[15n\]-phenylalanine, \[15n\]-tyrosine, \[2h4\]-tyrosine and \[13c\]-urea. * do muscle- and adipose tissue biopsies for analyses of signaling pathways involved in regulation of lipid-, glucose and amino acid metabolism. * do blood samples of relevant hormones, metabolites and cytokines. * use indirect calorimetry to estimate study participants' resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient during the basal period. * estimate cardiac ejection fraction by echocardiography and measure blood pressure during both the basal- and clamp period.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male * \>18 years of age * bmi \>19 and below 30 * written and verbal consent to participation exclusion criteria: * chronic illness * daily use of medicine * affected blood samples at screening, as assessed by the pi * does not speak and understand danish * assessed unsuitable by pi.

Keywords: lipolysis catabolism glucose metabolism aminoacid metabolisme
samsca post-marketing general drug use-results survey in patients with hyponatremia in siadh

Conditions: Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion

Summary: the purpose of this study is to confirm the safety of tolvaptan in patients with hyponatremia in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) in japan


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects with a definite diagnosis of siadh in reference to "diagnostic and treatment manual of the hypersecretion of vasopressin (siadh), revised in 2018" exclusion criteria: -
the role of 18f-fdg and 68ga-fapi pet/ct in the diagnosis and the efficacy evaluation of advanced colorectal cancer (peritoneal metastasis with/without other metastases)

Conditions: Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Summary: this study aims to investigate the value of 18f-fdg and 68ga-fapi pet/ct in evaluating the outcome of conversion therapy and the prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer (peritoneal metastasis with/without other metastases)

the investigators will number all participants, create a medical record file, and record their basic information (gender, age) as well as contact information and medical history information. all participants will undergo 18f-fdg and 68ga-fapi pet/ct at baseline and after 3 months of conversion therapy. the imaging response measurements will be compared with the histopathological or clinical assessment results as gold standard.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. histologically confirmed colorectal cancer, clinical or other imaging suspicion of peritoneal metastasis with or without other distant metastases. 2. patients voluntarily enrolled in this study by signing an informed consent form 3. age ≥ 18 years 4. expected life expectancy ≥ 3 months 5. adequate organ and bone marrow function 6. willingness to adhere to the study protocol and follow-up programme exclusion criteria: 1. pregnant or breastfeeding women. 2. patients with a history of other malignant diseases in the last 5 years, except cured skin cancer and carcinoma in situ of cervix 3. severe mental disease, uncontrolled epilepsy, or central nervous system disease 4. subjects with current concurrent interstitial pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease, or subjects with previous interstitial pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease requiring hormonal therapy, or subjects with other conditions that may interfere with the judgement and management of immune-related pulmonary toxicity, e.g., pulmonary fibrosis, organising pneumonia (e.g., occlusive bronchiectasis), pulmonary fibrosis, organising pneumonia (e.g., occlusive bronchiectasis), pneumoconiosis, drug-associated pneumonia, idiopathic pneumonia, active pneumonia, or severe pulmonary impairment on ct; and active tuberculosis

Keywords: 68ga-fapi pet/ct diagnosis advanced colorectal cancer efficacy evaluation
computer-delivered pfi for anxiety sensitivity/alcohol intervention for hazardous drinkers with elevated anxiety sensitivity

Conditions: Alcohol Drinking; Anxiety; Coping Behavior

Summary: hazardous alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the united states. further, it is highly comorbid with anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders; hazardous alcohol use is associated with increased anxiety/depression. indeed, 'affectively-vulnerable hazardous drinkers' (i.e., drinkers with elevated negative mood states or psychopathology) are 'at risk' for higher drinking rates, more problematic drinking, worsened mental health, and greater disability. specialty care options are needed to address the unique 'affective needs' of hazardous drinkers. one promising intervention approach is to employ personalized feedback interventions (pfi). these interventions are brief, efficient, and have been shown to be effective in a number of settings and across an array of populations. however, pfis have not been evaluated among affectively vulnerable hazardous drinkers. in order to address the heterogeneity of negative mood states and disorders among hazardous drinkers, there is a need to theoretically orient the intervention approach on underlying transdiagnostic processes that underpin affective psychopathology. anxiety sensitivity (as), the tendency to fear anxiety-related sensations, is a core transdiagnostic vulnerability factor underlying the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders, other emotional disorders, and hazardous drinking. as is malleable in response to psychosocial interventions, making it a prime risk factor to target in prevention/intervention programs, including pfi approaches. integrated treatments that address hazardous drinking via as are nonexistant. as most hazardous drinkers typically do not access treatment because of such barriers as cost, time commitments, stigma, and logistics (e.g., travel, scheduling appointments), there is a need to develop an accessible, brief, integrated tool to explicitly address the drinking-affective vulnerability comorbidity via as. to address this public health gap, the current proposal seeks to employ a computer-delivered integrated pfi that directly addresses hazardous drinking-as in a personalized manner. hazardous drinkers with elevated as will be randomly assigned to receive one session of pfi or attention information control with follow-up assessments at one week and one month post-intervention. the pfi will focus on targeted feedback about drinking behaviors, as, and adaptive coping strategies.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * elevated anxiety sensitivity, hazardous drinking exclusion criteria: * current mental health/substance treatment
an educational program to improve cardiac arrest diagnostic accuracy of ambulance telecommunicators

Conditions: Heart Arrest; Heart Arrest, Out-Of-Hospital; Cardiac Arrest; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Cardiac Arrest, Sudden; Cardiopulmonary Arrest

Summary: cardiac arrest is the number one cause of death in canada. it is often the first symptom of cardiac disease for the victims. eighty-five percent of victims collapse in their own home. fifty percent collapse in the presence of a family member. bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) can improve the chance to survive a cardiac arrest by three to four times, but needs to be started quickly. in most communities, less than 30% of victims receive cpr before the ambulance arrives. currently, only 8% of cardiac arrest victims can leave the hospital alive. many things have been tried to improve the number of times people do cpr. so far, the only thing that really increased the number of times that someone did cpr is when 9-1-1 attendants started to give cpr instructions to callers over the phone. the only problem is that about 25% of cardiac arrest victims gasp for air in the first few minutes. this can fool the 9-1-1 callers and attendants into thinking that the victim is still alive. the investigators have looked at all the studies on how to help 9-1-1 attendants to recognize abnormal breathing over the phone. the investigators have also learned what should be taught after finishing a large survey with 9-1-1 attendants from across canada. this survey was done with the help of psychologists and other education experts. it measured the impact of attitudes, social pressures, and 9-1-1 attendants' perceived control over their ability to recognize abnormal breathing and cardiac arrest. then the investigators developed a teaching tool which helped ottawa 9-1-1 attendants recognize abnormal breathing. when they could do that, they could also recognize more cardiac arrest. the main goal of this project is to use the tool developed in ottawa in more centres to help 9-1-1 attendants save the lives of even more cardiac arrest victims across canada.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: we will enroll all patients with prehospital cardiac arrest (absence of a detectable pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea): * that are of presumed cardiac origin; * that occur in the catchment area of our participating sites; and * for which resuscitation is attempted by a bystander and/or the emergency responders. exclusion criteria: * cardiac arrest witnessed by paramedics after their arrival (no opportunity for bystander intervention); * patients younger than 16 years of age (cardiac arrest usually respiratory and rare in this population); * patients who are "obviously dead"; * trauma victims, including hanging and burns; or * patients with cardiac arrest clearly of other non-cardiac origin including drug overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, drowning, exsanguination, electrocution, asphyxia, hypoxia related to respiratory disease, cerebrovascular accident and documented terminal illness.

Keywords: cardiac arrest bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr dispatch-assisted cpr instructions agonal breathing
the prognostic impact of tumor location in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients

Conditions: Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer; Bladder Cancer

Summary: based on large sample size studies at home and abroad, the prognosis of patients with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer in different sites undergoing transurethral bladder tumor resection was determined, providing important guidance for subsequent clinical treatment and surgical instrument development.

background most bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (nmibc), and transurethral resection of bladder tumors (turbt) is the standard treatment. however, postoperative recurrence poses a challenge, and the influence of bladder tumor location on prognosis is unclear. this study aims to investigate how tumor location affects nmibc patients' prognosis undergoing turbt, and seeks optimal surgical approaches. methods conducted a multicenter study, including chinese nmibc data from 15 hospitals (1996-2019) and seer 17 registries (2000-2020). analyzed patients initially diagnosed with nmibc undergoing turbt or partial cystectomy, excluding cases with lost follow-up or missing data. studied overall survival (os), disease-specific survival (dss), and recurrence-free survival (rfs). employed kaplan-meier, cox regression, and propensity score matching to explore the association between tumor location and prognosis. stratified populations were analyzed to minimize bias. findings this study, involving 118,477 nmibc patients, highlighted tumor location as a crucial factor impacting post-turbt prognosis. anterior wall and dome tumors independently predicted adverse outcomes in both cohorts. for anterior wall tumors, chinese cohort showed os hr 4.35, p \< 0.0001; rfs hr 2.21, p \< 0.0001; seer os hr 1.10, p = 0.0001; dss hr 1.13, p = 0.0183. dome tumors displayed similar trends (chinese nmibc cohort os hr 7.91, p \< 0.0001; rfs hr 2.12, p \< 0.0001; seer os hr 1.05, p = 0.0087; dss hr 1.14, p = 0.0006). partial cystectomy significantly improved dome tumor survival compared to standard turbt (p \< 0.01). interpretation this study reveal that nmibc tumor location significantly influences turbt treatment outcomes. specifically, tumors in the anterior wall and bladder dome have worse post-turbt prognosis. compared to turbt, partial cystectomy improves prognosis for bladder dome tumors. this study guides personalized treatment and prognosis management for nmibc patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. initially diagnosed with non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (nmibc) who underwent turbt or partial cystectomy. 2. the follow-up data of the patients were complete. 3. the tumor location information were complete. exclusion criteria: 1. patients with unknown survival time or missing tumor location information were excluded. 2. exclude patients with missing pathological results. 3. exclude patients who have had turbt before.
glymphatic mri study

Conditions: Sleep Deprivation

Summary: this study aims at identifying neuroimaging markers of glymphatic function in humans.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ability to undergo mri without anesthesia * calculated gfr greater or equal to 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 exclusion criteria: * inability to obtain consent * subject is incarcerated, pregnant, or lactating or suspects they may be pregnant * known allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to gadolinium * three or more drug allergies from separate drug classes * recent or expected beed for imaging with iodinated contrast * contraindications to mri: claustrophobia, weight greater than maximum mri scanner capacity, presence of metallic foreign body, or implanted devices not documented as mri safe * history of neurosurgical procedure or cervical surgery * current use of anticoagulation medications * contraindication to lumbar puncture (creatinine or inr elevated above laboratory standard cutoffs)
number of rotavirus (rv) related hospitalizations in belgium - season 2010-2011

Conditions: Infections, Rotavirus

Summary: this study aims to confirm the statistically significant decline in rotavirus related and in acute gastro-enteritis (age) related hospital admissions that was observed in 11 participating hospitals, after the introduction of rv vaccines in belgium in 2006.

this retrospective study will use anonymised data, extracted from hospital databases during the period of the 1st of june 2010 until the 31st of may 2011. ims health sales data will be used to provide rotavirus vaccine coverage estimates (rotarix and rotateq) for the belgian population during the study period. any additional source of vaccine coverage status describing rotavirus vaccine uptake in the study population will also be reported.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * child aged ≤5 years; * a stool sample has been provided for a rotavirus detection test during the study period; * laboratory test result of rotavirus is available. exclusion criteria: not applicable.

Keywords: belgium hospitals rotavirus