Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
the value of black spots in diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy

Conditions: Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Summary: the study aims to: 1. explore the properties of mesenchymal black spots, and to determine the value of mesenchymal black spots in diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy (cle). 2. evaluate the incidences of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and gastric cancer in patients with gastric mesenchymal black spot during cle imaging.

gastric intestinal metaplasia (gim) is confirmed to be a risk factor that may lead to the development of intestinal type gastric cancer. previous study has shown that confocal laser endomicroscopy promising in the diagnosis of gim. the investigators have found an elevated incidence of mesenchymal black spots in patients with gim during previous cle imaging. this study aims to explore the properties of mesenchymal black spots, and to determine the value of mesenchymal black spots in diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients will include male or female aged between 18 and 80 years with indications for upper-endoscopy , but without any disease of heart, liver or kidney. exclusion criteria: * patients who are allergic to fluorescein sodium * patients who are unwilling to sign or give the informed consent form * patients with impaired cardiac, liver or renal function * patients with coagulopathy * patients with pregnancy or breastfeeding

Keywords: gastric intestinal metaplasia confocal laser endomicroscopy
95% effective dose(ed95) of remimazolam during dexmedetomidine pretreatment

Conditions: Lung Cancer; Anesthesia Induction

Summary: general anesthesia with double-lumen endobronchial tubes intubation is the main anesthesia method in thoracic surgery.however, double-lumen endobronchial tubes intubation can produce greater stimulation and cause more cardiovascular reactions, and the ideal anesthetic drugs can effectively reduce adverse reactions.remimazolam is a new type of benzodiazepine drug that can be safely used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, and it is an ideal and short-acting anesthetic alternative.as the new drug has had a short clinical entry time.there are few clinical data in all aspects, so it is necessary to clarify its rational use in the induction of anesthesia.dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, and it is currently the most popular adjunct to clinical anesthesia.however, the clinical data of anesthesia induction by dexmedetomidine combined with remimazolam are rarely reported. in the case of prior use of dexmedetomidine, to explore 50% effective dose (ed50) and ed95 of remimazolam for the induction of anesthesia to inhibit the cardiovascular response of double-lumen bronchial intubation, in order to provide more data for the rational use of remimazolam and a reference for clinical rational drug use.

this study is a clinical trial of adaptive design dose exploration evaluating the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on the effective dose of remimazolam tosilate inhibiting cardiovascular response to intubation of double-lumen endobronchial tubes.following the design principle, conduct dynamic exploration by sequential method, using the near ed95 drug dose for subjects according to the pretest.to determine whether the next subject increases or decreases the pre-set fixed drug dose according to the previous subject. the trial was stopped when seven exchange points occurred, at which point the total sample size was obtained. for more detailed measures, please follow us below.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * optional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (vats) * more than 18 years old * american association of anesthesiologists (asa) grade i\~iii exclusion criteria: * systolic pressure ≥160 mmhg or diastolic pressure ≥110 mmhg or heart rate ≥ 110 beats / min in the operating room when quietly * long-term use of analgesia or sedation drugs before surgery * pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy possibility and planned pregnancy * allergy history of the test drug * mental illness or an inability to communicate normally.

Keywords: anaesthetic remimazolam cardiovascular reaction
trial of prophylactic decompressive craniectomy for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Conditions: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal

Summary: decompressive craniectomy has been reported for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (asah). but no prospective randomised controlled trials have yet been undertaken to confirm its effect.the purpose of the study is to determine whether decompressive craniectomy combine aneurysm clipping surgery or endovascular coiling will improve clinical outcomes of poor-grade asah patients.

aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (asah) is a worldwide health burden with high fatality and permanent disability rates. decompressive craniectomy, which is beneficial in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, may indirectly relieve the mass effect, decrease perihematomal tissue pressure, improve blood flow, reduce secondary brain damage and improve outcome without further damage to the brain due to surgery. early therapy with either surgical clipping or neuroradiologic intervention with endovascular coiling is the primary treatment for asah. but whether decompressive craniectomy should be employed during the clipping surgery or immediately after coil embolization still have considerable controversy. 80 patients will be recruited to the trial over 12 months. follow-up will take 6 months with analysis and reporting taking 6 months.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age\>18yrs and age\<60yrs * it shows subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) based on computed tomography (ct) scan on admission * aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage confirmed by computed tomography angiography (cta), magnetic resonance angiography (mra) or digital subtraction angiography (dsa) * presentation to our institution in world federation of neurological societies (wfns) grade iii to v neurological condition with lateral hematoma * duration from onset to admission is within 48 hours exclusion criteria: * traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage * patients with cerebral herniation or highly possible to occur before surgery * neurosurgery contraindicated * patients with obvious evidence of acute hydrocephalus on admission * intracranial aneurysm combined with cerebral arteriovenous malformation * patients with obvious evidence of irreparable brainstem or thalamic injury * duration from onset to admission is more than 48 hours * disturbance of communication or poor compliance to blood collection, imageological examination and follow-up

Keywords: subarachnoid hemorrhage decompressive craniectomy cerebral aneurysm
efficacy of treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder

Conditions: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Summary: the purpose of these questionnaires is to give us an overview of how ocd has affected your life and perhaps also to give us some clues about things that may have set you up to experience ocd.

for us to evaluate the efficacy of our treatment programs, we are interested in your responses before and after treatment. we use two methods to evaluate the efficacy of our treatments: questionnaires and interviews with a member of the anxiety disorders clinic. as part of standard clinic procedure, each person in the program completes an in-person interview with a staff member who will determine your suitability for treatment. if you have received this questionnaire packet, it is likely that your concerns will be appropriately addressed in the anxiety disorders clinic. the purpose of the questionnaire packet is to assess the severity of your obsessive-compulsive disorder; its impact on your functioning, and factors that may contribute to the onset or maintenance of your ocd (e.g., depression, personal standards). we will ask you to complete this questionnaire again when you have completed your treatment along with a brief telephone interview with a staff member of the anxiety disorders clinic.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients referred to the anxiety disorders clinic who receive a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder, and are accepted for treatment at the clinic. exclusion criteria: * individuals who either have not sought treatment for anxiety at the anxiety disorders clinic or patients who did not receive a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Keywords: obsessive compulsive disorder anxiety treatment efficacy
osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

Conditions: COPD,; Osteoporosis

Summary: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are at increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. osteoporosis, however, may be equally as disabling as copd, and may impair respiratory function even further if the patient experiences vertebral compressions. in this study, we will survey the prevalence, correlations and effectiveness of intervention of osteoporosis in copd patients.

copd has a multiple etiology and organ impaired inflammatory disease. in clinical characteristic include airway inflammatory response, cili mobility impairment and lung consolidation change; the others change includes: other functional impairments such as malnutrition, body mass loss, osteogenesis and osteoporosis. the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia patients is generally higher than in healthy subjects and some other chronic disease. patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. risk factors such as smoking, advanced age, physical inactivity, malnutrition, and low weight may be responsible, but a number of pathophysiological explanations including the presence of a chronic inflammatory state with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and protein catalytic enzymes may also be involved. the use of oral glucocorticoids is also a significant risk factor. osteoporosis, however, may be equally as disabling as copd, and may impair respiratory function even further if the patient experiences vertebral compressions and loss of height the number of patients with osteoporosis is rising and osteoprosis becomes an important medical and public health issue as the population gets older including taiwan. osteoporosis is a silent disease and it is thus important to screen for osteoporosis institute treatment an dreduce fracture incidence. in this study, we will survey the prevalence, correlations and effectiveness of intervention of osteoporosis in copd patients. this study purpose hope can understand patient's osteoporosis status, pulmonary function impairment and exercise intolerance. then, we may be can prevent the unnecessary of fracture and maintance of bone mineral contains by the pulmonary rehabilitation program training in osteoporosis copd patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. * with osteoporosis. exclusion criteria: * could not receive six-minutes walking test. * could not receive mobile-based pulmonary rehabilitation. * acute exacerbation of copd recent 3 months.
reducing up-set stomach and vomiting after surgery using essential oils

Conditions: Nausea

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine if aromatherapy (essential oil) is effective at reducing up-set stomach and vomiting after surgery and in reducing the need for up-set stomach medications

if participants decide to take part in this study, they will be asked to use choose a small nasal inhaler from a bag, open the sealed package, and inhale from the nasal inhaler 3 times, inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth, just prior to entering the operating room. during recovery in the post-operative acute care unit (pacu), nausea severity will be rated using a 0-3 scale where zero indicates no nausea. if your score is 1-3, participants will be instructed/assisted in using a nasal inhaler 3 times, inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. after 5 minutes, nausea scores will be collected again and if the score is the same or higher, participants will be asked to use the nasal inhaler again in the same manner as before. if their nausea has not resolved after the second use, they will be give anti-nausea medication that a surgeon ordered. this process will be repeated again whenever you complain of nausea, until they are discharged from the hospital.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * post-op surgical patients at least 18 years of age or older * the ability to understand and follow directions for use of essential oils * the ability to understand and give informed consent to study * the ability to understand, read and write english * ambulatory or short-stay/23-hour patients exclusion criteria: * history of any pulmonary disease, including but not limited to: asthma, copd, osa, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary and ear, nose, throat (ent) surgery patients * allergy to any of the ingredients in the essential oils * sensitivity to strong odors
clinical study of a fluid accommodating intraocular lens (iol) design

Conditions: Cataract

Summary: the purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the surgical, refractive, and visual outcomes with implantation of an investigational intraocular lens (iol).

in this study, eligible subjects will receive cataract surgery with iol implantation in both eyes. iol implantation in the second eye is intended to occur between 7 and 15 days after iol implantation in the first eye. subjects will be followed for 1 year after implantation. this study will enroll 2 cohorts. cohort 1 subjects will be randomized to receive either the test iol (bal-faiol) or the control iol (monofocal). cohort 2 subjects will receive the test iol only (bal-faiol). cohort 2 will follow cohort 1. this study will be conducted in central america.

Eligibility criteria:
key inclusion criteria: * able to understand and sign an institutional review board / international ethics committee approved informed consent form; * willing and able to attend all scheduled study visits as required by the protocol; * diagnosed with bilateral cataracts requiring removal by phacoemulsification with a clear corneal incision; * other protocol-specified inclusion criteria may apply. key exclusion criteria: * subjects taking medications that may affect accommodation; * clinically significant eye abnormalities as specified in the protocol; * previous eye surgery as specified in the protocol; * other protocol-specified exclusion criteria may apply.

Keywords: iol intraocular lens
efficacy and safety of latanoprost/timolol for primary open angle glaucoma

Conditions: Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Summary: intraocular pressure (iop) is the most important modifiable risk factor to prevent and delay progression of glaucoma. iop reduction has been proven to delay the onset and progression of glaucoma, and uncontrolled iop is constantly associated with progression of visual field loss. medical therapy is the first line in iop reduction for primary open angle glaucoma (poag). it is a known fact that glaucoma patients often require addition of a second antiglaucoma medications when disease progresses or tachyphylaxis occurs. it was reported that more than 50% of patients require 2 or more medications to achieve optimum iop control. nevertheless, compliance and adherence are often impaired with multiple-drug therapy. combining two ocular hypotensive agents in one bottle may help patients adhere to therapeutic regimen by reducing the number of medications used and the total number of doses administered.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 and above 2. able to provide informed consent 3. diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral, mild to moderate poag 4. the poag treated with only two antiglaucoma exclusion criteria: 1. advanced poag 2. patient with contraindication for topical use of a-blocker and prostaglandin analogue 3. patient with contraindication for systemic use of a-blocker 4. patient on systemic use of a-blocker such as metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol 5. history of orbital or ocular trauma. 6. history of cataract surgery less than 6 months. 7. history of previous ocular surgery; e.g. vitreoretinal surgery, corneal transplantation or glaucoma surgery 8. any active eye infections or corneal ulceration. 9. patient with ocular surface disease 10. other ocular disease that might interfere with iop measurements or result 11. precious eye i.e patient with only one good eye 12. contact lens is not allowed within 1 week before the start of study and during the study
travoprost ophthalmic topical cream for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Conditions: Open Angle Glaucoma; Ocular Hypertension

Summary: the goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the safety of travoprost ophthalmic topical cream and how well it works in lowering high intraocular pressure (iop) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (oag) or ocular hypertension (oht). a low dose, medium dose and high dose of travoprost ophthalmic topical cream will be compared to timolol maleate ophthalmic solution, 0.5% and to travoprost ophthalmic solution, 0.004%.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male or female, 18 years of age or older at the screening visit; * willing and able to provide written informed consent on the irb/iec-approved informed consent form; * diagnosis of oag (including pigmentary and pseudoexfoliative) or oht in both eyes; * qualifying iop in the study eye; * best-corrected visual acuity of approximately 20/80 snellen in each eye exclusion criteria: * sensitivity or allergy to travoprost or timolol; * bronchial asthma, a history of bronchial asthma, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; * history of or current sinus bradycardia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, or cardiogenic shock; * history of cerebrovascular insufficiency; * any form of glaucoma other than open-angle glaucoma * advanced visual field loss or cup-to-disc ratio of 0.8 or greater * non-qualifying prior surgeries or procedures in either eye
effects of post-session supplemental hydromorphone on drug seeking behavior in opioid dependent individuals

Conditions: Heroin Dependence; Opioid-Related Disorders

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether knowledge of post-session hydromorphone (hyd) availability reduces drug seeking behavior in heroin dependent individuals.

drug dependence is often characterized by severe drug seeking behavior. learning to understand, predict, and control this maladaptive choice behavior may lead to improved prevention and treatment strategies. hyd is a drug that is currently used as a cough suppressant and to relieve pain. the purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which opioid drug seeking behavior by heroin dependent individuals can be reduced by environmental factors, including supplemental opioid drug availability, drug price, and alternative non-drug reinforcers. specifically, this study will determine whether knowledge of post-session hyd availability influences drug seeking behavior in heroin dependent individuals, who are maintained on buprenorphine during their participation. participants in this observational study will take part in multiple trials in which they have the opportunity to choose either hyd or money. on the first two experimental days, prior to choice sessions, participants will receive a sample of the drug doses that can be chosen. during test sessions, participants will have 12 opportunities to choose either drug or money. participants will use a computer to earn choices. respiration rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure will be monitored throughout choice trials. supplemental hyd will be made available following some choice sessions. self-report questionnaires will be completed at different times during the study. participants will be maintained on buprenorphine throughout the study, with a minimum 2-week lead before the experiment, and a fixed 3-week detoxification after study completion.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * opioid dependent, as determined by the structured clinical interview for dsm-iv (scid) and addiction severity index (asi) * positive urine test for opiates * willing to use an adequate form of contraception for the duration of the study * reads and writes english exclusion criteria: * psychiatric illness, as determined by the dsm-iv criteria * history of or current neurological disease, including structural abnormalities, seizures, infection, peripheral neuropathy, and head traumas * history of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, chest pain, or edema * systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm hg or less than 95 mm hg; pr diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm hg * pulmonary disease, including obstructive pulmonary disease, cor pulmonale, tuberculosis, and asthma * systemic disease (e.g., endocrinopathies, liver or kidney failure, myxedema, hypothyroidism, addison's disease, autoimmune disease) * current alcohol or sedative drug dependence * pregnant or breastfeeding * currently receiving treatment for opioid dependence * known phobia of injections

Keywords: behavioral economics drug self administration opioid
effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture (ea) on polycystic ovary syndrome

Conditions: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Summary: low-frequency electroacupuncture (ea) can decrease serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-ohp), androstenedione (a) and testosterone (t)of young women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) stimulation test ，also，we hypothesize that ea is more efficiency in improving ovulation rate and menstrual cycle than sham acupuncture.

first, patients will be recruited according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. second, baseline measurements (including menstrual frequency,human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) stimulation test,physical examination,trans-abdomen ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries, serum levels of sex hormone steroids) will be taken. third, each patient will receive 32 sessions of acupuncture in 16 weeks, twice a week. last, the above baseline measurements will be taken again as soon as the treatment is finished and menstrual frequency will be recorded during the 12 weeks of follow-up after the treatment.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 1) unmarried women with age between 18 and 28 years and without bearing requirement within 4 months. * 2) confirmed diagnosis of pcos according to the rotterdam criteria: oligomenorrhea(menstrual cycle\> 35 days, and less than 8 cycles per year), or amenorrhea (menstrual cycle\> 90 days) and one of the following two criteria; clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and/or polycystic ovarian morphology. exclusion criteria: * 1) patients with hyperprolactinemia. * 2) patients with androgens secrete increased abnormal which caused by adrenal or ovarian tumors. * 3) patients with uncorrected thyroid disease\[thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) \ 5.5 miu/ml\]except the patients with normal tsh in the past 1 year. * 4)suspected cushing syndrome patients. * 5)patients who received estrogen, progesterone or oral contraceptives oral contraceptives and hormone medications within the past 1 months. it takes at least one month to eliminate these medicines, or it will influence the results * 6) patients who received other medications that have influence on reproductive function. or metabolism within the past 2 months( such as anti obesity medications，anti diabetic medications， traditional chinese medicine and so on). * 7)patients who took acupuncture treatment within the past 3 months. * 8)patient who are unwilling to give written consent to the study.

Keywords: electro-acupuncture hcg stimulation test menstrual frequency polycystic ovary syndrome randomized controlled trial