Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in surgical patients with abdominal sepsis

Conditions: Sepsis; Glucocorticoid

Summary: a retrospective study of sepsis patients with abdominal infections who underwent abdominal surgery was conducted in an attempt to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of sepsis after abdominal surgery, risk factors, and to analyze the prognosis of the patients, to reveal indicators of predictive value for the prognosis of patients with sepsis, with a view to providing certain evidence for optimizing the perianesthesia management of patients with sepsis.

background and aims: abdominal sepsis refers to a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the presence of infection, inflammation, and tissue damage within the abdominal cavity. glucocorticoids (gcs) play an important role in regulation of the host immune and inflammation responses involved in sepsis and surgery. this study aimed to investigate the potential impact of intraoperative gcs administration on the clinical outcome of surgical patients with abdominal sepsis. methods: this retrospective cohort study included a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of surgical patients afflicted with abdominal sepsis at 2 medical centers from january, 2008, through december, 2022. patients were classified into low-gcs, high-gcs, and non-gcs groups according to the dosage of steroids used intraoperatively, and in-hospital mortality was designated as the primary outcome.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * meeting the sepsis 3.0 criteria ; * patient's age ≥ 18 years; * emergency or elective abdominal surgery. exclusion criteria: * history of severe cardiopulmonary, hepatic, renal, or other organ damage; * preoperative presence of infection other than abdominal; * unplanned secondary surgery； * receiving preoperative glucocorticoid therapy.

Keywords: abdominal sepsis surgical patients risk factors general anesthesia retrospective
drug-drug interaction study to estimate the effect of pf-07321332/ritonavir and ritonavir on midazolam in healthy participants

Conditions: Healthy Participants

Summary: the purpose of this study is to estimate the effect pf-07321332/ritonavir and ritonavir on midazolam (a cytochrome p450 \[cyp\]3a4 substrate) in healthy adult participants.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative (urine or serum) pregnancy test. 2. body mass index (bmi) of 17.5 to 30.5 kg/m2; and a total body weight \>50 kg (110 lb). - exclusion criteria: 1. positive test result for sars-cov-2 infection at the time of screening or day -1. 2. evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurological, or allergic disease (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at the time of dosing). 3. clinically relevant abnormalities requiring treatment (eg, acute myocardial infarction, unstable ischemic conditions, evidence of ventricular dysfunction, serious tachy or brady arrhythmias) or indicating serious underlying heart disease (eg, prolonged pr interval, cardiomyopathy, heart failure greater than new york heart association (nyha) 1, underlying structural heart disease, wolff parkinson-white syndrome). 4. any condition possibly affecting drug absorption (eg, gastrectomy, cholecystectomy). 5. history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, hepatitis b, or hepatitis c; positive testing for hiv, hbsag, or hepatitis c virus (hcvab). hepatitis b vaccination is allowed. 6. other medical or psychiatric condition including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation/behavior or laboratory abnormality or other conditions or situations related to covid-19 pandemic (eg, contact with positive case, residence, or travel to an area with high incidence) that may increase the risk of study participation or, in the investigator's judgment, make the participant inappropriate for the study.

Keywords: drug-drug interaction midazolam covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus)
femoral triangle block: early mobilization and postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

Conditions: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Anesthesia, Conduction; Pain, Postoperative; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Summary: the objective of this trial is to compare the efficacy of three different nerve blocks as an analgesic option after total knee arthroplasty (tka), based on muscle strength, mobilization and pain. the adductor canal block has been proposed as an equally effective technique to the femoral nerve block in terms of pain control after a tka, with the benefit of preserving muscle function. we hypothesize that a block performed at the apex of the femoral triangle would best balance analgesia with quadriceps function.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects of any gender, from 18 to 90 years old that accept to participate in the study. * programmed primary total knee arthroplasty surgery exclusion criteria: * emergent surgery * reinterventions * unstable psychiatric pathology, dementia * kidney or hepatic disease that contraindicates the use of nsaids and/or paracetamol. * allergy to amides local anesthesics, nsaids, opioids and/or paracetamol. * daily use of opioids greater than 30 mg of morphine (or equivalent) * patients under 18 or over 90 years old. * drug abuse * rejection to be a participant of the study.
safety, tolerability and pk of imeglimin in japanese volunteers

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: this study will assess the pharmacokinetics of single and repeated doses of imeglimin in healthy japanese subjects, and the safety and tolerability of single and repeated doses of imeglimin in healthy japanese subjects.

combined single and repeated dose groups with 3 escalating doses

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male or female japanese subjects, deemed healthy on the basis of a clinical history, physical examination, ecg, vital signs, and laboratory tests of blood and urine * body mass index in the range 18.0-25.0 kg/m2 * willing to use reliable contraception * able to give fully informed written consent. exclusion criteria: * pregnant or lactating woman, or sexually active woman of child-bearing potential not using reliable contraception * clinically relevant abnormal findings at the screening assessment * clinically significant vital signs outside the acceptable range at screening * clinically relevant abnormal medical history, surgery or concurrent medical condition * acute or chronic illness * estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 * severe adverse reaction to any drug or sensitivity to the trial medication or its components * significant food allergy; vegetarian or vegan * use of vitamins, herbal medicines, or over-the-counter medication (with the exception of paracetamol \[acetaminophen\]) within 7 days before first dose of trial medication, or prescribed medication during the 14 days before first dose of trial medication * participation in other clinical trials of unlicensed or prescription medicines, or loss of more than 400 ml blood, within the 3 months before first dose of trial medication * drug or alcohol abuse * smoking of more than 5 cigarettes daily * possibility that subject will not cooperate * positive test for hepatitis b \& c, hiv * objection by a general practitioner.
aromatherapy with lavender essential oil in patients with multiple sclerosis

Conditions: Aromatherapy; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multiple Sclerosis

Summary: the study was conducted with patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) who applied to the neurology outpatient clinic of atatürk university research hospital, met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. at the time of the study, 96 patients were interviewed. 26 patients were excluded from the study because they did not meet the research criteria, and 70 multiple sclerosis patients constituted the research sample. 1 person from the control group and 1 person from the experimental group did not continue to work and 1 person developed a lavender allergy. the study was completed with 63 multiple sclerosis patients.

patient description, fatigue severity scale and pittsburgh sleep quality index were applied to the patients at the first interview. lavender oil in 15 ml opaque dark colored bottles closed with metal caps to prevent volatility to the venture group (oleum lavandula angustifolia/ haccp, halal food, iso 22000:2005, iso 14001:2015, iso 9001:2015, iso 45001:2018) certificates) and 40 2×2 cotton pads were delivered. studies have reported that the most common use of aromatherapy is three drops, three days a week. patients were asked to apply lavender oil 30 minutes before going to bed. deep breathing increases the concentration of aromatic substances in the body. the time it takes for essential oils to be absorbed into the blood circulatory system is about 30 minutes for complete absorption by the body.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * being 18 years or older, * having been diagnosed with ms at least 1 year ago, * verbal communication (hearing and speaking) * no problem with sense of smell, * not having an allergy to lavender, * having fatigue and sleep problems for the last 3 months, * not applying an intervention that helps to fall asleep, * pittsburgh sleep quality index ≥5, * fatigue severity scale ≥4. exclusion criteria: * having had an attack in the last month, * having dsm-iv axis i disorder, * pregnancy, * using sleeping pills, * breastfeeding
metabolic changes in hypothyroid patients

Conditions: Hypothyroidism

Summary: hypothyroidism is a frequent condition in danish women, but often overlooked. along with fatigue one of the main symptoms is weight gain as a result to significantly decreased energy expenditure. this study was undertaken to elucidate changes in glucose, lipid and amino acid turnover in these patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * newly diagnosed hypothyroidism with tsh over 40 mu/l, etiology chronic autoimmune thyroiditis * healthy controls matched regarding sex, age and body mass index exclusion criteria: * pregnancy, breastfeeding

Keywords: hypothyroidism glucose turnover clamp insulin resistance lipid turnover amino acid turnover
airway inflammation in swimmers

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: studies have shown that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and asthma is high and increasing in elite athletes. the inflammation seen in the airways of elite athletes might differ from the inflammation seen in the airways of "ordinary" asthmatics and it might represent a different kind of asthma. the primary purposes are 1. to investigate the type of airway inflammation in young swimmers. 2. to investigate the acute changes in airway inflammation after a short training session.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * swimmer exclusion criteria: * current smoker or more than 3 pack-years

Keywords: asthma airway inflammation sport
effects of including a chronic pain neuroscience education program for individuals with knee oa

Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee

Summary: research participants diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis will be randomized through a draw using sealed opaque envelopes indicating two groups: 1. therapeutic exercises, 2. therapeutic exercises + chronic pain neuroscience education program. the primary outcome will be functional performance using a patient-reported measure, the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (koos). the selected secondary outcomes will be pain intensity by the numerical pain scale (end), physical function reported by the patient by the patient-specific functional scale (efep), pain self-efficacy questionnaire (pseq), functional mobility by the timed up and test (tug), general effect perceived through the global perception scale (epg), muscle strength through maximum voluntary isometric contraction (mvic) and functionality and disability through the world health organization disability assessment schedule (whodas).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (knee pain for \> 3 months * morning stiffness \<30 minutes * crepitus * bone tenderness, and absence of palpable heat and/or diagnosis established radiographically (determined by kellgren and lawrence grade 1 to 3 on a scale 1 up to 4) exclusion criteria: * hip oa * severe osteoporosis * fibromyalgia * medical history of tumors or cancer * active inflammatory joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, gout) * undergoing any lower extremity joint replacement * neurological diseases (parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, motor neuron disease, alzheimer's disease, cognitive and cardiopulmonary impairment that may prevent or limit the performance of exercises, use of a gait assistance device, history of recent knee trauma. * having undergone any form of treatment involving physiotherapy, intra-articular corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories or chondroprotective in the last six months
lung disease collection (qatar): evaluation of the lungs of individuals with lung disease

Conditions: Lung Disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Asthma

Summary: the purpose of this protocol is to obtain biologic samples from the blood and lungs from patients with lung diseases in order to study the causes and indications of these disorders, learn how these lung disease manifest and progress, and how the lung disease can be treated.

the lung diseases are disorders associated with functional and/or structural derangements to the alveolar structures, airways, pulmonary blood vessels, pleura and/or mediastinum. the purpose of this protocol is to obtain biologic materials from the blood and lungs from these patients in order to: (1) develop an understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders; and (2) identify individuals who will be suitable candidates for other protocols such as those involving investigational new drugs. as such, this protocol is part of the "infrastructure" for all of our human lung-related studies such as genomic/gene expression studies of airway epithelium and alveolar macrophages in all individuals with chronic obstructive lung disease (copd), asthma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis compared to normal non-smokers and smokers, and studies of mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. this protocol, to be carried out at weill cornell medical college - qatar and hamad medical corporation, qatar, parallels a similar approved protocol irb #0005004440, entitled, "evaluation of the lungs of individuals with lung disease with segmental bronchopulmonary lung lavage, bronchial brushing, and bronchial wall biopsy", ongoing at weill cornell medical college - new york.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: inclusion/exclusion criteria for part a * must provide informed consent * males and females, age 18 years and older * evidence of lung disease by at least one of the following: 1. symptoms consistent with pulmonary disease; 2. chest x-rays and/or chest ct consistent with lung disease; 3. pulmonary function tests consistent with lung disease; 4. lung biopsy consistent with lung disease; 5. family history of lung disease; 6. diseases of organs with known association with lung disease; and 7. individuals suspected of having lung disease based on history and/or physical examination * undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy as dictated by their standard clinical care exclusion criteria: * patient refuses consent. patients enrolled in part a of the protocol will not undergo screening procedures/tests. these patients are undergoing a fiberoptic bronchoscopy as dictated by their standard clinical care and additional samples will be taken for research purposes.

Keywords: lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) asthma smokers non-smokers
dynamics of the microbiome in the premature infant

Conditions: Infection

Summary: the purpose of the study is to describe the dynamics of the microbiome in the premature infant as a means to adapt the premature infant gut to affect better health outcomes.

the study team will collect samples of blood and stool from preterm infants once a week from the first week of life until 8 weeks after delivery. blood samples will be collected from left over blood that is being collected for clinical management. no extra blood draws will be done for research purposes only. samples of leftover breast milk will be collected once weekly from the first week of life until 8 weeks after delivery. while the baby is in the hospital the study team will collect information about the growth and development as well as events that happen during their intensive care nursery (icn) hospitalization. in addition, blood and stool will be collected, as well as information about the growth when the infant returns to the duke special infant care clinic for developmental check-ups at 6 and 12 months of age. the blood will be approximately 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) and will be done at the same time that labs for clinical management are being done. a single maternal blood sample (approximately 2 teaspoons) and stool sample will be collected after delivery. information will also be collected from the medical record.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 1500 grams or less at birth * infants without genetic diseases or gross anomalies * mother has to be planning on providing breast milk to the infant exclusion criteria: * infants with genetic diseases or gross anomalies * parents who are not willing to give consent

Keywords: very low birth weight (vlbw) microbiome
physiological manipulation and surface electrical stimulation in post stroke dysphagia patients

Conditions: Dysphagia Following Cerebrovascular Accident

Summary: dysphagia is common diagnosed problem after stroke in geriatric population. digestive system is one of the key systems of human body in which the ingested food is broken down, softened and manipulated in the form of a bolus before actual swallowing. later however the bolus reaches the stomach where the further disintegration of food is ascertained before it is sent out to intestines where actual absorption of nutrients takes place. a highly active neurological and physiological status ensures a safe travel of food from oral cavity to stomach which otherwise may pose risk of aspiration. such debilitating conditions are more scientifically known as dysphagia and may present themselves in the form of challenges at oral, pharyngeal and esophageal levels. although oropharyngeal phase is considered as the key factor leading to aspiration, severe dietary, nutritional and pulmonary challenges may also result. the rehabilitation and efficacy of treatment is seriously linked to an immaculate diagnosis and therapy options available. this study is dedicated to find the effects of present day options including physiological manipulation and surface electrical stimulations for patients who have had developed dysphagia as a result of stroke. it further aims to find the prevailing trends and options available to slp's rendering services for dysphagia management. the study is conceived utilizing a mixed method approach whereby both qualitative and quantitative designs will be benefitted. one population of the study comprise stroke patients in the age range of 30-65 years diagnosed to have dysphagia and seeking help at public and private hospitals in lahore district. a purposive sampling technique will be utilized to select the sample. the sample will be divided into three experimental groups and will be subjected to different treatment options. the treatment will continue for a period of 12 weeks and later will be evaluated in pre-post comparisons in terms of severity of dysphagia. data will be interpreted in terms of percentages, frequencies and means etc., etc. an inferential statistical comparison (one way anova) will be conducted to find any significant difference in the treatment groups. another population of the study will comprise speech language professionals rendering services to dysphagic patients, conveniently sampled and interviewed. the qualitative analysis will yield information about present day options and preferences among slp's for respective audience.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * post stroke dysphagia patients will be included. exclusion criteria: * any other co-morbid condition (parkinson disease, alzheimer disease) will be excluded. * drug intake, history of alcohol \& smoking will be excluded.

Keywords: physiological manipulation electrical stimulation
ketamine's effect changes the cortical electrophysiological activity related to semantic affective dimension of pain

Conditions: Acute Pain; Chronic Pain, Widespread; Schizophrenia

Summary: this is a clinical trial that intend to determine the effects of s-ketamine on event-related potentials associated with semantic affective pain-processing

ketamine is a unique anesthetic with neural effects that are distinct from more commonly-used γ-aminobutyric acid agonists. evidence suggest that analgesic effect of ketamine is primarily related to the affective than the sensorial aspects of pain interpretation. the investigators investigated whether ketamine, a noncompetitive nmda antagonist, would modify the perceived emotional valence of pain-related words when compared to non-pain-related ones in healthy volunteers. using a single session double-blind parallel placebo-controlled design, 24 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive intravenous s-ketamine (n=12) or placebo (n=12). during infusion (plasmatic target of 60 ng/ml), the effects of ketamine were recorded using eeg and oddball behavioral data was monitored. evoked potentials (n200 and p300 components) were recorded during performance of a semantic written word oddball task containing pain-related (targets) and non-pain-related words (standards). expected results: the findings of this study can help in the understanding of neurophysiologic mechanisms involved in ketamine's effects both in psychiatric diseases as in the treatment of postoperative acute and chronic pain.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male healthy subjects with higher education level exclusion criteria: * do not understand portuguese language * obese patients (bmi \> 27 kg/m2) * use of nsaid, steroids, analgesics, anticonvulsant drugs, as well as alpha and beta-blockers * score ≥ 13 on beck ii questionnaire * sleep deprivation in the night before evaluation

Keywords: ketamine erp oddball