(mitraclip in non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy)

Conditions: MITRAL REGURGITATION

Summary: functional mitral regurgitation (fmr) is a common finding in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef). the presence of a relevant fmr (grade ≥2) is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality. cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt) has been shown to be effective in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced lvef. in selected patients, crt has been linked to clinical improvement and reduced mortality. importantly, 38% of patients with clinical indication for crt present moderate or severe (fmr). although fmr might be reduced after crt, the persistence of a relevant fmr (≥2) after crt ranges between 40% and 50% and is an independent predictor of no clinical response. in these patients, surgical fmr correction is frequently turned down as a result of a high surgical risk. percutaneous repair of the mitral valve with the mitraclip system has demonstrated promising results in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced lvef5. in a cohort of patients with no response to crt and fmr ≥2, auricchio et al showed significant clinical improvement with lvef recovery and reduction in left ventricle (lv) volumes after mitraclip. the absence of randomization, the retrospective nature of the study and the subsequent selection biases were however major limitations that impeded solid conclusions. the objective of the present study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the mitraclip system in non-responders to crt and fmr ≥2.

study hypothesis: in patients with no response to crt and significant fmr (grade ≥2, 100%), the mitraclip system will be associated with improved functional class, lvef recovery and reduced lv volumes. to our knowledge, no registered randomized studies with a similar design are being conducted. main objective: to compare the efficacy and safety of optimal medical treatment and mitraclip versus optimal medical treatment alone (control) in non-responders to crt and symptomatic fmr ≥2.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. crt implanted between 6 months and 5 years before inclusion. 2. absence of clinical response to crt defined by baseline nyha 3 or nyha 2 with a hospital admission for hf within the last 12 months. 3. adequate crt therapy (correct stimulation in \>98% heart beats). 4. correct position of the cardiac leads. 5. patients with atrial fibrillation will be included but balanced in both groups (the presence of af is and independent factor of clinical response). 6. wide qrs (\>0.12) and lbbb pre-crt. 7. lvef 15-40% (as a surgical risk criteria). 8. left ventricle end-diastolic diameters \<75 mm (as anatomical criteria for mitraclip feasibility). exclusion criteria: 1. severe renal insufficiency (dfge \<30). 2. life expectancy \< 1 year. 3. anatomical contraindication for mitraclip (in order to avoid selection biases, all patients must be mitraclip candidates). 4. hemodynamic instability before inclusion defined by sbp \<70 mmhg or the need of inotropic treatment within the previous 3 months. 5. inadequate treatment compliance or difficult follow-up.

Keywords: mitral regurgitation