Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (he): a pilot study

Conditions: Hepatic Encephalopathy

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine if fmt can reverse hepatic encephlopathy (he) in cirrhotic patients who continue to have breakthrough episodes of he despite maintenance therapy with lactulose and/or rifaximin or metronidazole.

subjects receive fmt from a single donor by colonoscopy at week 0 and by enema at weeks 1-4. he is measured by inhibitory control test and stroop as well as serum ammonia levels.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. adult (age \> 18 years of age) cirrhotic patients of various etiology, on lactulose and/or rifaximin or flagyl for at least 4 weeks as secondary prophylaxis 2. abnormal inhibitory control test, defined as greater than 5 lures. 3. an infectious etiology which may cause he has been ruled out exclusion criteria: 1. those with tense ascites 2. those who do not provide assent 3. those who are judged to have a life expectancy of less than 3 months, 4. those who had tips within 3 months, 5. those with neurologic diseases such as dementia, parkinson's disease, and structural brain lesions 6. pregnancy 7. those with intestinal obstruction 8. those with alcoholic hepatitis 9. those with active alcohol or substance abuse 10. those without stable social support 11. those who have a concurrent infection, such as sbp, pneumonia or uti 12. those with creatinine clearance less than 50% compared to baseline 13. those with recent hospital admission, defined as within one month of enrollment, for hepatic encephalopathy
e-cigarette vs. nicotine inhaler comparisons

Conditions: Smoking

Summary: the goal of this study is to get information from current smokers about how they feel towards both the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and the nicotine oral inhaler. this will include beliefs, harms, appeal, ease of use, enjoyment, and their use for helping people stop smoking.

subjects will be seen at baseline, then 3-days post-baseline, then 9 days post-baseline for post product use questionnaires and carbon monoxide monitoring. the time frame for follow up is 6 months post baseline visit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects will be smokers 18 years or older, who have had no previous experience with either the e-cigarette or the nicotine oral inhaler, and will be recruited from the local community. they can currently smoke any amount or frequency and with any level of motivation to stop smoking. exclusion criteria: * exclusion criteria include recent (within 2 weeks) myocardial infarction or angina, poorly controlled asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , active substance abuse, pregnancy, or current use of any other cessation medications
hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by hypo-boost for local advanced nsclc

Conditions: Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Summary: the primary objective is to assess the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by hypo-boost combined with concurrent weekly chemotherapy in unresectable la-nsclc patients.

patients receive four cycles of weekly docetaxel(25mg/㎡) and nedaplatin(25mg/㎡), each of 1 day's duration, concurrent with split-course thoracic radiotherapy of 40 gy/10 fractions and 28 gy/7 fractions administered in the first and second courses, respectively, with one-month break. the primary end point is progression-free survival, which is the time that passes from the first day of radiotherapy to the date at which disease progresses. progression-free survival will be calculated using the kaplan-meier method.toxicities will be graded according to ctcae v. 4.0.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pathologic confirmation of nsclc. * patients have measurable or evaluable lesions based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (recist) criteria. * unresectable phase iiia(n2) and iiib lung cancer confirmed by pet/ct, ct or mri. * whole lung v20\>=35% when giving 60gy which is the minimum dose of radical irradiation. * eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) performance status 0-1. * previously treated with chemotherapy or treatment-naive * no previous chest radiotherapy, immunotherapy or biotherapy * hemoglobin≥10 mg/dl, platelet≥100000/μl,absolute neutrophil count ≥1500/μl * serum creatinine ≤1.25 times the upper normal limit(unl), or creatinine clearance≥60 ml/min * bilirubin ≤1.5 times unl, ast（sgot）≤2.5 times unl ,alt（sgpt）≤2.5 times unl,alkaline phosphatase ≤5 times unl * fev1 \>0.8 l * cb6 within normal limits * patients and their family signed the informed consents exclusion criteria: * previous or recent another malignancy, except nonmelanoma skin cancer or cervical cancer in situ * contraindication for chemotherapy * malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. * women in pregnancy, lactation period, or no pregnancy test 14 days before the first dose * women who has the probability of pregnancy without contraception * tendency of hemorrhage * in other clinical trials within 30 days * addicted in drugs or alcohol, aids patients * uncontrollable seizure or psychotic patients without self-control ability * severe allergy or idiosyncrasy * not suitable for this study judged by researchers

Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer hypofractionated radiotherapy
position related changes in macular hole morphology before and after surgery

Conditions: Macular Holes

Summary: macular hole is a full thickness retinal defect in the very centre of the retina that gives the sharpest vision. the condition causes a substantial deterioration of visual acuity, and operative measures are necessary in order to close the defect and improve the visual function. a macular hole has varying degrees of retinal oedema surrounding the hole edges. the oedema is maintained by continuous of liquid into the tissue and effectively prevents spontaneous closure. for that reason it is essential for macular hole closure that the macula has minimal contact with intraocular fluid in the very early postoperative phase. this is why the treatment included a long-lasting intraocular gas tamponade and typically, one week of face-down positioning (fdp) after surgery.our aim is to investigate the impact of diurnal, orthostatic, and gravitational variations on macular hole morphology before and after surgery. the participants will be examinated with optical coherence tomography 8-10 am, 1 pm, and 3 pm. between 8 am and 1 pm ,the patient is encouraged to an upright position. after the 1 pm examination, the patient will be positioned flat on the side of the eye with macular hole until the 3 pm examination. the surgery will be performed before 10 am. postoperatively a randomization to face down positioning or no positioning until 3 am. optical coherence tomography images through gas tamponade is made at 3 am.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary macular hole * able to sign informed consent * signed informed consent exclusion criteria: * previous vitreoretinal surgery in the study eye * secondary macular holes caused by other conditions than vitreomacular traction * myopic macular hole, i.e. excessive myopia (more than -6 dioptres) * posttraumatic macular hole * macular holes secondary to retinal detachment or other retinal diseases
d-serine monotherapy for schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar) agonist, added to classical or atypical antipsychotic medication, has reduced negative, depressive, and cognitive symptomatology. we will be investigating the effect of d-serine, (dsr), a selective and potent nmdar agonist, as monotherapy for treatment resistant schizophrenics. 40 subjects on stable doses of risperidone will be randomized under double-blind conditions into a treatment group, which will receive d-serine 2100 mg, or a control group, which will continue to receive risperidone. treatment will continue for 14 weeks. symptoms and side effects will be rated biweekly with the cgi, panss, bprs, sas, aims, and uku. before and after the trial subjects will undergo neuropsychological assessments. baseline and post-trial levels of amino acids relevant to glutamatergic neurotransmission (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, glycine, serine, alanine) will be assessed. the primary outcome measures of the study will be the panss total scores and the positive and negative symptom cluster scores.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. dsm-iv criteria for chronic schizophrenia 2. treatment resistant 3. aged 18-70 4. two months on stable risperidone dose 5. panss positive symptom cluster score \>20 6. panss negative symptom cluster score \>22 exclusion criteria: 1. substance abuse 2. concurrent dsm iv axis i disorder 3. serious medical disorder 4. concurrent drug therapy that can obscure the effect of risperidone or dsr.

Keywords: schizophrenia nmda d-serine
pain neuroscience education and gradual exposure to exercise in factory workers with chronic low back pain

Conditions: Low Back Pain

Summary: this study aims to compare the effectiveness of a pain neuroscience education (pne) based programe and gradual exposure to exercise versus pilates on disability levels associated with chronic low back pain in factory workers. there will be two arms each one receiving one type of intervention over 8 weeks.

this will be a pilot randomized controlled and experimental study. there will be two groups, one group will receive an intervention strategy based in basic postural re-education exercises (pilates) and self-management strategies, and the other group will perform a program based in pain neuroscience education and gradual exposure to exercise. both interventions will be delivered in the physiotherapy office of a paper industry. participants will be randomly allocated according to the work team they belong, to an intervention arm. the inclusion criteria to participate in the study are: to have nonspecific low back pain lasting longer than three months, felt in the anatomic region below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, without referred leg pain and not related to any specific pathology such as lumbar fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, cauda equina syndrome, infection or tumour and not receiving treatment for low back pain. participants will be excluded if during the physical examination they show altered sensorial signs indicative of radiculopathy; red flags such as weight loss without a particular cause, cancer diagnosis or sustained use of corticoids; presence of any rheumatic, neurologic or cardiorespiratory disease that prevent the practice of physical exercise. once inclusion criteria have been ascertained, participants will be assessed for sociodemographic and anthropometric data, pain, disability, knowledge of pain neurophysiology, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, presence of a neuropathic component, workstation evaluation and global impression of change related to intervention. the intervention will last for 8 weeks, during which participants will have 1 face-to-face session per week with a duration of approximately 60 minutes each. one group (pilates group) will receive an intervention based on pilates' and and postural education. the other group will have theoretical sessions of pne and gradual exposure to exercise (pne plus graded exposure group).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * to have nonspecific low back pain lasting longer than three months, felt in the anatomic region below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, without referred leg pain and not related to any specific pathology such as lumbar fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, cauda equina syndrome, infection or tumour; * not receiving treatment for low back pain. exclusion criteria: * altered sensorial signs indicative of radiculopathy; red flags such as weight loss without a particular cause, cancer diagnosis or sustained use of corticoids; * presence of any rheumatic, neurologic or cardiorespiratory disease that prevent the practice of physical exercise.
evaluation of the efficacy of diafert in predicting embryos' potential to develop to the blastocyst stage

Conditions: Infertility

Summary: this prospective study will evaluate the efficacy of diafert as an adjunct to morphological assessment in predicting embryos' potential to develop to the blastocyst stage on day 5.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * provide written informed consent before initiation of any study procedures * be a female outpatient, ≥ 18 years of age at the time of informed consent * have at minimum 10 mature egg follicles as of the last transvaginal ultrasound following hormonal stimulation * eligible to allow embryos to develop through day 5 before implantation or freezing exclusion criteria: * presence of ovarian endometriotic cyst * presence or history of diagnosed severe endometriosis (i.e. stage iv the revised american fertility society classification for endometriosis). * need for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis/screening of embryos * use of time-lapse embryo imaging * employee or immediate relative of an employee of forest research institute, inc., any of its affiliates or partners, or the study center
metagenomic next-generation sequencing guides anti-infection strategies

Conditions: AIDS; Pneumonia; Sepsis, Neonatal

Summary: this study aims to observe the effectiveness of clinical application in guiding anti-infection treatments in aids patients with severe pneumonia and/or sepsis using metagenomic next-generation sequencing-based technology in the real world

the study focuses on aids patients with severe pneumonia and/or sepsis, divided into groups based on whether metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology is used in the real world or not. the groups are the metagenomic next-generation sequencing group and the conventional pathogen detection group, with metagenomic sequencing samples derived from blood specimens. the study compares the pathogen detection rates and clinical diagnosis conformity rates of the aforementioned groups, as well as the efficiency of diagnosis in guiding clinical treatment.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. confirmed hiv infection; 2. progression to aids stage: cd4+ count \<200 cells/ul and/or occurrence of aids opportunistic infections; 3. age between 18 and 65 years; 4. meeting the diagnosis of severe pneumonia or septic shock: 1. the criteria for severe pneumonia diagnosis refer to the 2021 ats (american thoracic society) and idsa (infectious diseases society of america) guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia; 2. the criteria for septic shock refer to the chinese society of critical care medicine's "chinese guidelines for the emergency treatment of sepsis/septic shock (2018). exclusion criteria: 1. coexisting central nervous system lesions, severe liver disease, or cirrhosis; 2. concurrent aids-related or unrelated tumors; 3. women who are pregnant or breastfeeding; 4. severe underlying diseases of the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc.; 5. alcohol abuse or drug use; 6. the researcher believes that the overall condition of the subject affects the evaluation and completion of the trial.

Keywords: aids severe pneumonia sepsis metagenomic next-generation sequencing
a study to understand the real-world awareness and perceptions of systemic inflammation and role of hscrp as a biomarker in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease among nephrologists

Conditions: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD); Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); Systemic Inflammation

Summary: the purpose of this survey is to collect information for scientific research and to better understand the role of systemic inflammation in identification, treatment and management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd) and chronic kidney disease (ckd)


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * informed consent obtained before any study-related activities (study-related activities are any procedure related to recording of data according to the protocol). * male or female, age above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. * is a nephrologist. * has been in practice greater than or equal to 3 years. * sees at least 20 patients with ascvd and ckd per month. * treats patients for more than only dialysis exclusion criteria: * previous participation in this study. participation is defined as having given informed consent in this study * mental incapacity, unwillingness or language barriers precluding adequate understanding or cooperation * does not meet inclusion criteria requirements
injured submucosal arteries after csp for 10-19 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps.

Conditions: Colonic Polyp

Summary: cold polypectomy has the advantages of simple operation, less time-consuming and fewer complications. guidelines have recommended cold snare polypectomy (csp) to resect small polyps sized \<9 mm. csp was designed to improve the complete resection rate and reduce adverse events. investigators hypothesize that csp is better than conventional hot snare endoscopic mucosal resection (hs-emr) in the presence of injured submucosal arteries detected in the submucosal layer for 10-19 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps, resulting in lower delayed bleeding after csp of 10-19 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps.

cold polypectomy has the advantages of simple operation, less time-consuming and fewer complications. guidelines have recommended cold snare polypectomy (csp) to resect small polyps sized \<9 mm. csp was designed to improve the complete resection rate and reduce adverse events. investigators hypothesize that csp is better than conventional hot snare endoscopic mucosal resection (hs-emr) in the presence of injured submucosal arteries detected in the submucosal layer for 10-19 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps, resulting in lower delayed bleeding after cs-emr of 10-19 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps. the primary outcome measure was the presence of injured submucosal arteries detected in the submucosal layer. the secondary outcomes included immediate bleeding and the frequency of delayed bleeding requiring endoscopic treatment within 2 weeks after polypectomy. immediate bleeding was defined as spurting or oozing which continued for more than 30 seconds.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * at least one polyp sized 10-19 mm (paris classification is or iia) revealed by endoscopic examination. exclusion criteria: 1. american society of anesthesiologists status class 3 or above 2. poor bowel preparation (boston bowel preparation scale \<6 points) 3. endoscopic features indicating submucous infiltration or malignancy 4. oral anticoagulants,or antiplatelet agents, or known blood coagulation disorders, or bleeding tendency 5. a history of colorectal resection 6. emergent colonoscopy (haemodynamic instability and/or continued active gastrointestinal bleeding and/or requiring intensive care patients) 7. inflammatory bowel disease, familial polyposis and colorectal cancer 8. pregnancy or lactation 9. severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, other malignant tumours or severe infectious diseases.
pacct: partnering around cancer clinical trials

Conditions: Prostate Cancer

Summary: this research has the overall goal of increasing rates at which african american and white men with prostate cancer make an informed decision to participate in a cancer clinical trial.

this research utilizes two distinct research designs to evaluate two separate behavioral interventions. the first is a between-subject randomized controlled trial to evaluate a patient-focused intervention. the intervention consists of a booklet designed to encourage patients to view themselves as part of the patient-physician team and to participate actively in clinical interactions by asking questions and stating concerns. the second is a within-subject interrupted time series design to evaluate a physician-focused intervention. the intervention is an educational module and email reminders designed to encourage physicians to discuss trials with all eligible patients using patient-centered communication.in the patient-focused intervention, patients are randomized to an intervention or usual care group, and comparison of outcomes is made between groups.

Eligibility criteria:
physician participants inclusion criteria: * treat patients with prostate cancer * able to recruit patients to clinical trials exclusion criteria: * do not treat patients with prostate cancer * not able to recruit patients to clinical trials patient participants inclusion criteria: * black, african american or white; non-hispanic confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer * seeing a participating physician for less than a year and expect to see this physician at least once in the coming year * able to read and write english well enough to understand and sign consent forms and respond to questionnaires exclusion criteria: * not black, african american or white; non hispanic * no confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer * not seeing a participating physician or seeing a participating physician for \> than one year * not able to read and write english well enough to understand and sign consent forms and respond to questionnaires

Keywords: african americans prostate cancer minority racial /ethnic disparity cancer care patient-physician communication cancer clinical trial accrual
a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) - based method to improve antibiotic prescribing for pneumonia

Conditions: Pneumonia

Summary: pneumonia, or lung infection, is usually treated with antibiotics targeted against the organisms that the physician guesses are causing the problem. the determination of the exact cause of a patient's pneumonia is difficult. the problem is that the two major causes of community-acquired pneumonia are not easily distinguished on clinical grounds and are best treated by different antibiotics. the investigators hypothesize that antibiotic therapy can be targeted and improved by doing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing of nose swabs to identify probable implicated organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns. this pilot study will be important to ensure that the laboratory testing is functional and that the emergency department-laboratory communication is optimal prior to doing a full-fledged randomized clinical trial.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * presumed community-acquired pneumonia as diagnosed by the attending emergency department physician exclusion criteria: * age \> 6 months * immunodeficiency (primary, advanced hiv) * cystic fibrosis * malignancy * known cardiac or lung defects * bronchiectasis * previous pneumonia or lung abscess in past 6 months * conditions requiring treatment with immune suppressants

Keywords: pneumonia, community-acquired polymerase chain reaction pneumococcus mycoplasma chlamydophila anti-bacterial agents