Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
brain network dynamics of depression during esketamine treatment

Conditions: Depressive Disorder, Major

Summary: this is a monocentric, observational clinical trial investigating the effect of esketamine on brain network activity and a belief updating task in people with depression. we investigate the immediate and the long-term effect (approx. 8 weeks) of esketamine on eeg signals, pupillometry and belief updating and the relation of those effects on depressive symptomatology.

the fda approved the s-enantiomer of ketamine in a nasal spray formulation (esketamine, spravato) in 2019 for treatment resistant depression in conjunction with an oral antidepressant. albeit showing impressive short term clinical effects, the neurophysiological mechanism leading to clinical improvements are not understood. the investigators aim to add missing knowledge about the network dynamics of esketamine in depression. besides changes of neural signatures, esketamine might impact cognitive processes like belief updating. previous studies have shown that people update their expectations of future life events after receiving novel information. the belief updating task (but) measures this belief update in reaction to new information. healthy individuals have been shown to update their beliefs "optimistically", making larger changes in their expectations in response to good news. individuals with depression lack this optimistic belief update bias. therefore, the investigators also aim to examine if esketamine treatment reinstates the optimistic bias, how those changes are mediated by neurophysiological changes during the task and if a change in belief updated is related to a change of depressive symptoms. the first session takes place at the start of the esketamine treatment period, whereas the second experimental session is conducted closer to the end of the treatment period. in both experimental sessions, eeg/pupillometry and cognitive measurements are taken before and after esketamine administration. analyses will assess pre/post esketamine effects within a session and between two sessions.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * major depressive disorder * receiving esketamine nasal spray treatment for depression * ability to understand study procedures and sign an informed consent. exclusion criteria: * none

Keywords: esketamine ketamine belief updating pupillometry eeg
preliminary effectiveness of remotely monitored blood alcohol concentration device as treatment modality

Conditions: Alcohol Use Disorder

Summary: state the scientific aim(s) of the study, or the hypotheses to be tested. the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the usage and acceptability of the soberlink's blood alcohol concentration (bac) unit in collaboration with aware treatment to assess increased sobriety within patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (aud). the specific aims will be: 1. to determine the effectiveness of soberlink's ability to increase abstinence 2. to evaluate the impact of soberlink's device on the participant based on their quality of health and sobriety. 3. to evaluate the extent to which need for higher levels of follow-up care and treatment is reduced for individuals who have had access to the soberlink device.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * are at least 21 years old, * currently enrolled at aware in home treatment, * primary or secondary dsm-5 diagnosis of alcoholism use disorder (aud). exclusion criteria: * current suicide or homicide risk, * meet criteria for dsm-iv current psychotic disorder, or bipolar disorder, * does not have phone access with text message capabilities * unable to read or understand english, * unable to complete the study because of anticipated incarceration or move, * life-threatening or unstable medical problems, * no course of current or pending legal action, * soberlink results being used for child custody or legal circumstance.
diagnosis of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with idiopathic frequent monomorphic pvcs

Conditions: Cardiomyopathies

Summary: diagnosis of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with idiopathic frequent monomorphic pvcs and effect of ablation and comparison between different sites of ablation

* apply the speckle myocardial tracking technology to early diagnose dysfunction in patients with idiopathic frequent monomorphic pvcs * assessment of cardiac function before and after ablation and comparison before and after ablation and between sites of origin of the pvcs as diagnosed by the electrophysiologic and 3d mapping techniques that may be more confirmed by successful ablation whenever achieved

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients of sample size admitted to the cardiology department of assiut university hospital for ablation of idiopathic frequent monomorphic pvcs exclusion criteria: * patients with well-known factors of cardiac dysfunctions, including high blood pressure (over 140/90 mmhg), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch block, severe valvular disease, complete heart block, and previous cabg.
cross-cultural adaptation on calculate in a critical care unit

Conditions: Pressure Injury; Critical Care

Summary: pressure injuries are localized lesions that occur in the skin and/or underlying tissues due to pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. pis arise as a consequence of prolonged immobility during hospitalization, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays which may result in higher healthcare costs. critically ill patients are vulnerable cohort of patients at a higher risk of developing pis compared to the general population due to factors such as immobility, severity of illness, hemodynamic instability, ventilation, use of vasopressors, and the application of medical devices.

despite the potential for preventing pressure injury through evidence-based, multidisciplinary approaches, critically ill patients still develop pressure injury at approximately four times the rate of other patients.while there are over forty pressure injuries risk assessment tools available, none are considered the 'gold standard,' and their assessments are based on subjective data, which may not yield valid and reliable results in clinical practice. in a study identified sixteen scales used to assess pressure injury in intensive care, with the cubbin and jackson index, braden, and waterlow being the most common. although the braden scale was most frequently used, it was not considered the best tool for intensive care unit patients. in a recent review, the critical care pressure ulcer assessment tool made easy was noted to outperform others in detecting pressure injuries, with the braden and critical care pressure ulcer assessment tool made easy scores showing superior performance, and braden demonstrating the best results.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who are 18 years or older * without a pressure injury at the time of icu admission * expected to stay in the icu for at least 72 hours * who consent to participate in the study (or whose family members consent) included in the study. exclusion criteria: * patients or their family members who did not consent to participate, * patients who transferred to another hospital during their icu stay, excluded from the study.

Keywords: pressure injury critical care validity reliability
hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in cirrhotics

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Cirrhosis

Summary: this is a 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial applying behavioral economic approaches (opt-out framing and financial incentives) to encourage patients with liver cirrhosis to complete regular surveillance ultrasounds which may allow for earlier diagnosis of and better outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).

there is a substantial burden of hcc-related morbidity and mortality: the age-adjusted incidence rates of hcc have tripled in the us since the 1980s due to the burden of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and the epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). the overwhelming majority of hcc in the us occurs in the setting of cirrhosis. early diagnosis of hcc dictates survival: the american association for the study of liver diseases (aasld) recommends biannual hcc surveillance for all patients with cirrhosis using an abdominal ultrasound. these guidelines seek to maximize early diagnosis of hcc which leads to earlier detection and improved survival because early-stage hcc is curable, with 70% 5-year survival compared to 5% in advanced disease. hcc surveillance rates are suboptimal: despite longstanding published guidelines for hcc surveillance, adherence is low, with surveillance rates ranging from 15-30% in the us. two rcts have tested interventions to increase hcc surveillance, including electronic reminders for primary care providers and mailed reminders (with or without navigators), but neither has been scalable, produced durable responses, or increased surveillance rates above 50%. this is a 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial applying behavioral economic approaches (opt-out framing and financial incentives) to encourage patients with liver cirrhosis to complete regular surveillance ultrasounds which may allow for earlier diagnosis of and better outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who are 18+ years old * current diagnosis of cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis * 1 or more visits to a penn gastroenterology/hepatology practice in the preceding two years * currently followed by penn gastroenterology/hepatology * must live in the philadelphia metropolitan statistical area exclusion criteria: * history of hcc or other liver carcinoma diagnosis * history of liver transplant * completed hcc screening within the past 7 months * have a future screening scheduled * have a different screening modality recommended by their physician (mri, ct, etc.) * patients with metastatic cancer * patients receiving hospice care

Keywords: behavioral economics screening outreach
reduction of bacteriuria in subjects practicing intermittent catheterization

Conditions: Bacteriuria

Summary: the main objective is to investigate two types of antibacterial catheters regarding their antibacterial efficacy. the study will investigate if silver added to the coating of a urinary catheter exerts antibacterial activity that will have an impact on bacteria quantity in the urine bladder among users of intermittent catheterization.

the study was designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-site study of 24 hours use of a silver coated antibacterial catheter, and 24 hours follow up, in subjects practicing intermittent catheterization. twenty male and female subjects using intermittent catheterization, having a confirmed significant bacteriuria were included in the study.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * provision of informed consent * female/male aged 18 years and over * practicing intermittent catheterization at least 4 times daily for at least 6 weeks * a minimum of 104 cfu of bacteriuria exclusion criteria: * ongoing, symptomatic uti at enrollment * known urethral stricture * basic tumorous disease * previous prostate surgery * subjects known to be immunocompromised e.g. hiv or diabetes * treatment with antibiotics and/or intravesical antiseptics for the past 30 days before study start * involvement in the planning and conduct of the study (applies to both astra tech staff or staff at the study site) * pregnancy or breast feeding * previous enrolment or randomisation of treatment in the present study * participation in a clinical study that possibly might interfere with the present study, as deemed by the investigator * severe non-compliance to protocol as judged by the investigator and/or astra tech
single-cell rnaseq breast cancer

Conditions: Breast Neoplasms

Summary: molecular characterization of persistent tumor cells remaining after nac and infiltrating immune cells, for example, m2 macrophages, could strongly contribute to identifying targeted therapeutic approaches for this disease.

triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) represents approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers. its features are lack of expression of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). tnbc exhibits a biologically aggressive behavior and a high inter- and intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity which has recently been highlighted also in single cell rnaseq (scrnaseq) studies. patients with tnbc often have less positive outcomes then other breast cancer subtypes, due to the absence of specific therapeutic targets. results of single cell rna sequencing (scrnaseq) in tnbc before and after treatment with chemotherapy (nac) were recently reported for a small group of patients. genetic alterations are also investigated by whole exome sequencing (wes). in addition scrnaseq analysis confirmed the presence of a high percentage of m2 macrophages in tnbc and tumor-adjacent tissue. these macrophages are clinically relevant and able to predict outcome in tnbc. based on the above evidence, we hypothesize that molecular characterization of persistent tumor cells remaining after nac and infiltrating immune cells, for example, m2 macrophages, could strongly contribute to identifying targeted therapeutic approaches for this disease. we will conduct a pilot study with a combined retrospective and prospective observational design. cancer patients diagnosed with histologically proven primary invasive breast cancer with a stage iia to iiib and assessed at the molecular level and defined as tnbc, will be eligible to participate to the study. furthermore, only patients with a tumor \>1.5cm in size will be considered, which is the selection criterion for the administration of neoadjuvant therapy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with histologically proven primary invasive breast cancer \>1.5cm in size, with molecular assessed stage iia to iiib defined as tnbc, and who will undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent surgery (and/or have undergone - retrospective part). * informed consent (prospective part) exclusion criteria: * pregnancy, metastatic breast cancer, previous chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, previous other cancers or contralateral breast cancer
arat for reflux disease after peroral endoscopic myotomy in patients with achalasia

Conditions: Achalasia; Gastroesophageal Reflux

Summary: the peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia is associated with a higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease compared with heller's myotomy. remodeling of the esophagogastric junction with hybrid argon plasma could decrease the passage of gastric or gastroduodenal content into the esophagus.

achalasia is the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax in the context of dysfunction of esophageal peristalsis. peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia has an efficacy above 90%, being comparable with heller's myotomy. the treatment of achalasia by peroral endoscopic myotomy is associated with a higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, compared with alternative therapies such as heller's myotomy or pneumatic dilatation. hybrid argon plasma at the level of the esophagogastric junction could generate remodeling of this region generating a partial stenosis and thereby decrease the passage of gastric or gastroduodenal content into the esophagus. a clinical trial will be carried out, including all patients with achalasia, treated by peroral myotomy older than 18 years old, with abnormal acid exposure in the phmetry test 3 months or more after treatment, who accept the management of ablation with hybrid argon plasma. to whom the ablation will be performed with hybrid argon plasma and its effectiveness will be evaluated by clinical questionnaires, endoscopy and phmetry measurement at the beginning, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the procedure. demographic and clinical data will be recorded in a data collection sheet, detailing the reflux questionnaire(gerdq), eckardt score, endoscopic findings of esophagitis according to los angeles classification and abnormal acid exposure in each evaluation. the data will be condensed into a database for subsequent statistical analysis and publication of results.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * achalasia type i, ii, iii * treatment with poem (peroral endoscopic myotomy) * abnormal acid exposure (\>6%) in the 24h-phmetry test more than three months after the procedure * signed informed consent exclusion criteria: * patients who do not accept the treatment * previous antireflux surgery * previous heller's myotomy * hiatal hernia greater than 3 centimeters * hill's classification grade iv * pregnancy * patients with any contraindication for an endoscopy * patients with esophageal or gastric varices

Keywords: achalasia gastroesophageal reflux argon plasma coagulation peroral endoscopic myotomy
effect of yellow-tinted intraocular lens on standard automated perimetry (sap) and short-wavelength automated perimetry (swap) in patients with and without glaucoma

Conditions: Cataract; Glaucoma

Summary: to investigate the effect of yellow-tinted iols on the short wave-length automated perimetry (swap) and standard automated perimetry (sap) in patients with and without glaucoma.

glaucoma is mostly a disease of old people and is highly accompanied with cataract.some of these patients may need to perform cataract surgery during the course of glaucoma. but in glaucoma patients, the effect of cataract surgery and/or type of implanted intraocular lens (iol) on the results of specific visual field tests, like swap, is still not well studied.from the past decade, various yellow-tinted iols with the speculation of protecting the retinal photoreceptors and decreasing the incidence of age-related macular degeneration have been introduced.these blue-light-filtering iols contain a yellow chromophore that filters ultra violet (uv) and a larger part of the high-energetic visible blue-light between 380 and 500 nm. based on previous studies yellow-tinted iols decrease the amount of light transmission to the retina which may theoretically affect perimetry results. this might be even more important in patients with glaucoma where the sensitivity of test locations has decreased per se. since early diagnosis of glaucoma and its progression is highly dependent on visual field results, it is important to evaluate the effect of these iols on perimetry, particularly on swap, in which the blue-light-filtering iols might interfere with its findings.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * in group 1, visually significant cataract associated with well controlled mild to moderate open angle glaucoma (intraocular pressure \< 18 with maximally-tolerated medical treatment)and no history of previous intraocular surgeries * in group 2- normal ophthalmic examination other than visually significant cataract exclusion criteria: * diabetes mellitus * neurological disease which may affect the results of visual field * known systemic medication with involvement on visual field * spherical refractive error less than -5 and more than +5 diopter * cylindrical correction more than 3 diopter

Keywords: open angle glaucoma yellow-tinted intraocular lens short-wavelength automated perimetry (swap) standard automated perimetry (sap) cataract
impact of partial capsule decortication on device-related infection in patients receiving cardiac implantable electronic device replacement

Conditions: Pacemaker Complication; Infections

Summary: increasing number of cardiac implantable electronic devices (cieds) have been implanted in the worldwide every year, which is accompanied by the growing number of cied-related infection, especially in patients with cied replacement. this multicenter, prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial is to confirm the impact of partial capsule decortication on device-related infection in patients receiving cied replacement.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient is at least 18 years of age * patient is planned to undergo at least one of the following procedures: a) patient has existing cied (pacemaker, or crt-p, or icd, or crt-d) and is undergoing pulse generator replacement or upgrade with a new generator. b) patients planned to have leads added, or extracted and added for upgrades. * patient is willing to sign and date informed consent exclusion criteria: * history of cied-related infection * open the pocket for any reason within the last one year * any evidence indicating active infection * requirement of long term vascular access for any reason * expected survival time is less than one year * patients who were pregnant or breastfeeding * participation in another study that may confound the results of this study * patient is unable to comply with scheduled follow up
paternal vs maternal holding-cuddling for procedural pain in healthy term neonates

Conditions: Procedural Pain

Summary: this study investigated the effect of maternal holding-cuddling (mhc) and paternal holding-cuddling (phc) on heel prick pain and crying duration in healthy term neonates

newborns undergo many painful procedures. the heel prick, or heel lancing, is a painful procedure used for newborn screening tests. it is a more painful procedure than other venipuncture procedures. all pediatricians and healthcare professionals working with neonates should focus on pain management during heel pricks for two reasons. first, they are under an ethical obligation to help neonates experience as little pain as possible during medical procedures. second, repeated painful exposure has harmful consequences. the international guide to pediatric anesthesia (good practice in postoperative and procedural pain) also recommends pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to prevent and effectively manage acute procedural pain in children. however, pharmacological methods for pain management in neonates may have some side effects. on the other hand, non-pharmacological methods are easy to use, affordable, and time-effective methods with no side effects. healthcare professionals do not use non-pharmacological methods that are expensive, hard to apply, and time-consuming. therefore, this study focused on maternal holding-cuddling and paternal holding-cuddling as alternative non-pharmacological methods to prevent procedural pain in neonates during heel pricks. holding-cuddling is an effective non-pharmacological method for reducing procedural pain.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy term neonates * birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g * 38-42 gestational week * postnatal age of 48-72 hours * a 5-minute apgar score of ≥8, * having had no experience of any painful interventions other than vitamin k and hepatitis b vaccine at birth * fed between 30 and 60 min before the procedure * undergoing heel prick only once * blood collection for the guthrie test * willing to hold their babies during the procedure exclusion criteria: * sleeping during the procedure * receiving analgesics up to 24 hours before the procedure

Keywords: healthy infant parent participation procedural pain