Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
prevalence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

Conditions: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Summary: alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (aatd) is considered a rare genetic cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and liver disease. recent data has suggested that aatd is not as rare as originally thought and undetected aatd may account for copd in some patients. this study was designed to evaluate the frequency of undetected aatd in a population reporting to academic pulmonary function testing facilities who meet criteria for the diagnosis of copd. all individuals meeting gold criteria for copd will be consented and offered free testing for aatd. the results will help identify the percent of those with copd who have undetected aatd.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male and female adults at least 18 years of age able to understand and consent to the procedures of this protocol. * all races and ethnicities will be considered for this study. * post-bronchodilator values for pulmonary function tests on the day of enrollment with an fev1 \< 80% of predicted and fev1/fvc \< 70% (at least gold stage ii). * subjects who have been tested for alpha-1 in the past but do not know their genotype or phenotype may be included in this study. note: for the inclusion criteria the investigators will use the patient's gold status, based on percent predicted (fev1 \ 80% when the dcc recalculates it). enrollment will be based on the percent predicted at each study site. if necessary, the data from this small number of outliers will be analyzed separately. exclusion criteria: * subjects in whom post-bronchodilator spirometry is not performed. * subjects whose ordering physician has specifically requested that his patients not be considered for enrollment. * patients who have been tested for alpha-1 in the past and know their genotype or phenotype.

Keywords: alpha-1 antitrypsin alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
efficacy and safety of 3% hypertonic saline inhalation (24h vs 72h) to treat acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants

Conditions: Bronchiolitis

Summary: efficacy/safety of 3% hypertonic saline inhalation (24h vs 72h) to treat acute bronchiolitis in infants.

in acute bronchiolitis in infants, 3% hypertonic saline nebulizations proved to be efficient, reducing the hospitalization length and clinical severity scores. among the questions remaining, treatment length is still being discussed in the literature. the trial hypothesis is that the efficiency of a 24 hours treatment by 3% hypertonic saline is not inferior to a 72 hours treatment, in acute bronchiolitis in infants. the primary objective of the study is to compare the efficiency of a 24 hours treatment by 3 % hypertonic saline, versus a 72 hours treatment maximum, on clinical remission, judged by the wang score measured 72 hours after starting treatment, in children younger than 12 month hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 1st or 2nd episode of acute bronchiolitis, defined by respiratory symptoms episode with initial rhinitis, then cough, then one of the following symptoms : wheezing, crackling, respiratory distress * winter epidemic period from november, the 15th, to march the 15th * age \< 12 months * admission wang score included between 4 and 8 * infant hospitalized for gravity clinical criteria of severity * nebulized 3 % hypertonic saline treatment since less than 24 hours * infant with social security card coverage * free consent of at least one of the parental authority holder exclusion criteria: * pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic chronic underlying disease * prematurity \< 32 gw * asthma (3rd episode or more) * admission oxygen saturation level \< 85 %, wang score ≥ 9

Keywords: saline solution, hypertonic (3 %) infant
glutamate excitotoxicity and its role in glioblastoma biology

Conditions: Brain Tumor, Primary

Summary: gliomas are the most frequent type of primary brain tumors in adults; among them glioblastoma multiforme (gbm) is the most malignant, being associated with the worst prognosis. glutamate (glu) is an aminoacid, responsible for essential functions in the central nervous system (cns), acting both as metabolite and neurotransmitter. it is essential for regulating cellular metabolism and developmental synaptogenesis, cellular migration, differentiation and death. recent scientific evidences have demonstrated alteration in glu synthesis and signaling being directly involved in gbm growth and invasion

glu and its scavenger's levels are measurable both in serum and in the cerebral-spinal fluid (csf), thus making them ideal markers for tumor aggressiveness and disease activity as well as a potential target for new therapeutic approaches. serum and csf levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got1), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt) and glutamate and aspartate levels of a total of 40 patients will be collected. molecular biology analyses will be conducted and oncological and imaging data will be collected during follow-up in patients enrolled in the present studies. mri imaging as well as blood sampling will be performed at definite timepoints (baseline and 3, 6 and 9 months follow-up).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients with a brain lesion suspected for gbm, candidate to gross total tumor resection (gtr), followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy (concomitant and adjuvant). * patient able to provide informed consent. exclusion criteria: * age \< 18 years * liver disease * severe anemia (hb \<8mg/dl) * pregnancy

Keywords: brain tumor glutamate
a randomized clinical trial to evaluate solutions for the management of virologic failure on tld in sub-saharan africa

Conditions: HIV Infections; AIDS; Virologic Failure

Summary: the resolve trial is an open, parallel arm, randomized clinical trial which aims to determine the optimal strategy for management of virologic failure on antiretroviral therapy (art) with tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (tld) in sub-saharan africa. the primary outcome of interest will be viral suppression to \<50 copies/ml at 48 weeks using the fda snapshot definition. the study will be conducted in uganda and south africa.

the resolve trial is an open, parallel arm, randomized clinical trial which will be conducted at public-sector hiv clinics in uganda and south africa. we will enroll individuals with hiv age 15 and above who have had two hiv-1 rna viral load results \>1,000 copies/ml while on tld and who have been on tld for at least 12 months. participants will be randomized using an equal allocation ratio of 1:1:1 across three study arms: a) standard of care (regimen guided by genotypic resistance tests and care as per guidelines in uganda; and with regimen selection and possible genotypic resistance testing (grt) and care as per guidelines in south africa), 2) individualized care with regimen choice based on results of genotypic resistance tests and urine tenofovir adherence assays, or 3) immediate switch to pi-based second-line art. randomization will be stratified by clinic, prior exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and virologic failure history. we will follow participants for one year with study visits at enrollment, week 24, and week 48. the primary outcome of interest will be viral suppression to \<50 copies/ml at 48 weeks using the fda snapshot definition.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 15 years and above * enrolled in hiv care at one of the study clinics * history of two hiv-1 rna viral load measurements \>1,000 copies/ml while on tld * on tld for at least 12 months * lives within 100 kilometers of study clinic * pregnant women are eligible for enrollment. exclusion criteria: * plans to transfer out of the clinic within the next 48 weeks * plans to move out of the study catchment area within the next 48 weeks * as determined by chart review, we will exclude those with known virologic failure on protease inhibitors or exposure to integrase strand transfer inhibitors other than dolutegravir.

Keywords: art medication adherence drug resistance dolutegravir
effect of a mixture of fibers and carbohydrates on intestinal transit in children diagnosed with functional constipation

Conditions: Constipation - Functional

Summary: once the patients who are candidates to enter the study are identified, the patients will be randomly be assigned to two groups, according to the sequence: * group a: study product+wash out+control product * group b: control product+wash out+study product

all patients will be given guidelines for adopting dietary habits and healthy lifestyles to achieve a regular and physiological depositional rhythm and will be given a study supplement and a control supplement, alternatively, for 2 time periods of 3 weeks separated by 2 weeks of wash out. * supplement under study: mixture of food fibers of plant origin, in a proportion that contributes 75% soluble fiber / 25% insoluble fiber. * control: placebo supplement: maltodextrin and plum flakes

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * boys and girls aged 3 to 12 * diagnosis of functional constipation according to rome iv criteria exclusion criteria: * regular use of a dietary fiber supplement, prebiotics or probiotics in the previous 30 days, or who would have been taking bulk-forming agents or laxatives in the 2 weeks prior to the study * use of medications that cause constipation * children with organic constipation such as hirschsprung's disease, cerebral paralysis, anorectal and spinal cord abnormalities and metabolic diseases. * patients who are not likely to complete follow-up

Keywords: constipation fiber
rtms for cognitive rehabilitation after tbi

Conditions: Cognitive Impairment; Traumatic Brain Injury

Summary: a novel and promising therapy for cognitive dysfunction is non-invasive brain stimulation, of which transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) is a form. tms is currently fda-approved for use in depression and migraine. it is under investigation for use in a number of other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. in addition to its potential to improve affective symptoms, recent research has suggested that tms targeted to select cortical regions can also improve cognition. in trials of tms therapy for psychiatric disorders, several studies have shown benefits for cognitive function alongside symptom amelioration. in healthy persons, a course of stimulation of the parietal area improved objective measures of learning and memory. among persons with tbi, there have been case reports supporting improvement in cognitive function and postconcussive symptoms; however, there have not yet been any controlled studies of tms for tbi-related cognitive dysfunction.

subjects with a history of tbi will be recruited into this double-blind, sham controlled, crossover with washout study design. study will involve one week (5 consecutive days) of treatment, a 7 day off period, followed by a second week of rtms treatment. motor threshold will determine level of stimulation, and active rtms stimulation will occur of the right dlpfc. subjects will be paid for their time.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. one or more mild to moderate tbis\*; 2. at least one year but no more than 20 years from worst injury; 3. ability to complete cognitive and neurophysiological testing; 4. available for duration of study; 5. between 18 and 65 years of age; 6. mild or greater cognitive symptoms on the tbi-qol cognition general concerns scale exclusion criteria: 1. severe or penetrating tbi; 2. history of psychotic or manic illness; 3. history of intracranial surgery; 4. history of skull fracture; 5. history of seizures in candidate or candidate's family 6. ferrous metallic implants or implantable medical device; 7. medications that are known to reduce seizure threshold; 8. pregnancy. 9. history of multiple sclerosis, stroke, brain tumor, epilepsy
external oblique intercostal plane block for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Conditions: Obesity; Analgesia; Postoperative Pain

Summary: the external oblique intercostal (eoi) plane block is a novel approach upper abdominal wall analgesia. the eoi plane block can provide dermatomal sensory blockade of t6-t10 at the anterior axillary line and t6-t9 at the midline. it may be used for postoperative analgesia in obese patients because it is superficial and rapidly identifiable and performed in the supine position. the aim of this study is to investigate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of external oblique intercostal plane block in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. researchers will compare the external oblique intercostal plane block group with control group to see if the eoi plane block is effective for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy.

patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy will be separated into 2 groups: control group and external oblique intercostal plane block group. patients in control group will be received patient controlled analgesia with morphine for postoperative analgesia. patients in external oblique intercostal plane block group will be performed bilateral external oblique intercostal plane block before the surgery and received patient controlled analgesia with morphine for postoperative analgesia. morphine consumption for first postoperative 24 hours, visual analog scale scores, time to need for first rescue analgesia, amount of rescue analgesic drug, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting will be recorded.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 18 and 80 years * patients with american society of anesthesiology (asa) physical status ii-iii * patients scheduled for a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy exclusion criteria: * allergy to local anesthetics * coagulopathy * skin infection at the eoi plane block area * advanced hepatic or renal failure * chronic pain syndromes * alcohol or drug abuse * severe pulmonary and/or cardiovascular disease * psychiatric disorders
community based management of diabetes in nepal

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: type 2 diabetes is the largest growing concern across the globe, and this is particularly apparent in developing countries, including nepal. despite the growing burden and chronic nature of diabetes, prevention and control of this disease is far from adequate setting in nepal. moreover, there is lack of evidence on effectiveness and affordability of a population approach on reducing blood glucose level among diabetes persons. the main aim of this study is to determine the effect of female community health volunteers' (fchvs)-led family-based health education and screening on blood sugar level in adults at community level in nepal. this is a community-based cluster randomized controlled trial involving family based health education through fchvs in nepal. people ≥25 years of age listed in the community-based management of hypertension (cobin) study and who were diabetics are eligible for eligible for participation in the study. fchvs will conduct family based health education and fasting blood glucose measurements in the treatment arm vs not any interventions in the control arm. independent assessors will conduct the baseline and end line assessment of the intervention. intention to treat analysis and per protocol analysis will be used in analysis to detect significant differences between treatment and control group participants at baseline and follow up. for individual outcomes, proportions will be compared using chi-square test and continuous measures will be compared using t-tests. random effect mixed regression analysis will be adjusted for age and sex. since randomisation will be at the cluster level in the study, a random-effect model will be used to account for clustering effect. effectiveness of the intervention will be tested by analysis of covariance, which will allow us to adjust for baseline differences between groups. it is anticipated that the study can give valuable information regarding effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of an innovative way to improve diabetes management. assessing the fchvs' ability to address diabetes may contribute to develop a policy that can be scaled-up to a national level.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * those ≥25 years of age and listed in the cobin study * those who participated in our prevalence study * those who give consent to participate in our intervention study * those who do not have any plan to migrate from the study area for at least 1 year * those who are non-pregnant women * those who are not severely ill exclusion criteria: * those who do not give consent * those who are pregnant women * those who are severely ill * those who have plans to migrate from the study area within 1 year

Keywords: diabetes non-communicable disease primary health care nepal
reaching motion during functional activities

Conditions: Shoulder Arthropathy Associated With Other Conditions; Healthy

Summary: taking and moving objects is essential. when this becomes difficult, it affects daily functioning. this study aims to determine movement patterns, at the level of the shoulder, during different functional movements in elderly people aged 60 years and older. movement patterns of people without shoulder problems and patients with a reverse shoulder prosthesis will be compared. these insights can contribute to improving functional rehabilitation in patients with a reverse shoulder prosthesis (rsa).

this study aims to investigate how elderly people (60 years and older) without shoulder pain and patients with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty (60 years and older) perform functional reaching movements. using imus (inertial measurement units), the investigators want to look at mode of execution, relational positions of hand, elbow and shoulder in space, in relation to the trunk and each other, and any compensatory movements made by patients with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. at the time of testing, participants will first complete a series of questionnaires. these questionnaires will provide information about the daily functioning of all participants. the participants' shoulder strength will also be measured. after applying the imus, the participant will first perform a maximal movement (active for participant) in 4 directions (forward and lateral lifting of arm, hand-to-neck , hand-to-back). then the researcher will perform the same movements with the participant's arm (passive for participant). this will allow measurement of the maximum active and passive mobility of the shoulder. next, the participant will be asked to place and take back a number of different objects (both in terms of size and weight) at predetermined heights. the participants without shoulder pain will be tested once, the participants with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty we want to test 4 times. the participants without shoulder pain will be assigned to the control group. the participants with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty we want to test 4 times to monitor not only their movement pattern, but also any changes in this pattern . the questionnaires, strength measurement and requested movements will be the same for both groups. analysis of these movements will provide us with insights that can help improve the functional rehabilitation of patients with a reverse shoulder prosthesis. all participants with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty will be recruited at uz, participants without shoulder pain will be recruited through different channels (these are not patients)

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 60 years and older * no shoulder pain + no diagnosis of shoulder problem * primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty exclusion criteria: * younger than 60 years * shoulder pain at moment of testing * known shoulder problem ( incl. diagnosis)
prevalence and clinicopathologic features of different her2 level in chinese breast cancer patients

Conditions: Breast Cancer, HER2

Summary: this retrospective study aims to estimate the prevalence of different her2 expression levels (her2+, her2-low, her2 ø) in approximately 200 breast cancer patients at fuscc through the year of 2015 and 3000 breast cancer patients from about 10 medical centres in china between july 2021 and july 2022

this is a multicenter, retrospective study to estimate the prevalence of different her2 expression levels (her2+, her2-low, her2 ø) in approximately 200 breast cancer patients at fuscc through the year of 2015 and 3000 breast cancer patients from about 10 medical centres in china between july 2021 and july 2022. this study will be divided into two parts： the first part will include 200 subjects who were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer at fuscc between jan 2015 and dec 2015 (part 1).this part will collect rescored her2 expression level results based on the archived her2 ihc slides and re-staining and re-scoring her-2 ihc while relative demographic, treatment, and clinicopathologic data will be extracted from the fuscc breast cancer single disease database. the second part will include 3000 patients from all sites in china who were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer between july 2021 and july 2022 (part 2). this part will collect re-assessed her2 expression level results based on the archived her2 ihc slides. the general information of patients, diagnosis, clinicopathological information were collected from medical records, hospital information system (his) and laboratory information management system (lis). in part 2, among 3000 patients, 270 from all participating sites except fuscc should have enough tumor tissue for re-staining and re-scoring her-2 ihc at fuscc to analyse the concordance between leading site and other centers. in part 2, among 3000 patients, 800 her-2 ihc samples will be selected for the validation through ai-assisted her2 assessment system

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: patients fulfilling all of the following criteria will be eligible for this study: * male and female patients must have a histological confirmed diagnosis of bc * the patients must be ≥18 years old at the diagnosis. * in part 1, all patients should be diagnosed at fuscc between jan 2015 and dec 2015. * in part 2, all patients should be diagnosed at all participating sites between july 2021 and july 2022. * provision of at least 1 archived her2 ihc slides associated with confirmed diagnosis of bc, which are in good condition for rescoring. * fish result is available for her2 ihc2+ in primary scoring. exclusion criteria: patients who meet any of the following criteria will be disqualified from entering the study: * absence of all demographic, histopathologic, clinicopathologic information . * have a history of other malignancies, other than basal cell carcinoma of the skin and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Keywords: breast cancer,her2