Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
diet choice to promote type 2 diabetes remission

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: type 2 diabetes is typically viewed as a chronic, progressive, and lifelong condition. patients and their healthcare providers "manage" type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modifications and various types of medications designed to lower blood sugar. exciting new research indicates that "remission" of type 2 diabetes - defined as returning blood sugar into the normal range without having to use medications - through therapeutic nutrition may be possible for many people living with the condition. we will examine the preference, adherence and clinical results of a low-calorie diet or low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes remission rates.

each dietary remission strategy involves three phases focused on weight loss and medication deprescribing (phase 1: weeks 0-12), transition to an individualized sustainable dietary pattern (phase 2: weeks 13-20), and weight loss/remission maintenance (phase 3: weeks 21-52). we will determine if there is a preference for one diet over the other, measure satisfaction with each approach, and determine clinical outcomes (t2d remission, medication use, blood biomarkers) at one year. qualitative interviews and feedback surveys with the participants, pharmacists, and rd will provide information on barriers and facilitators to each t2d remission strategy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged 20-80 years old * diagnosed with t2d by a physician, * hba1c ≥ 6.0%, * body mass index ≥27 kg/m2 and * no contraindications or dietary restrictions to following a low-carbohydrate/low-calorie diet. exclusion criteria: * history of heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, stroke or coronary artery disease within the previous 2 years, * any current unstable cardiovascular disorder, * history of liver disease, * history of kidney disease with egfr \<30 mls/min/1.73 m2, * history of neurological disease, * previous bariatric surgery, * weight loss (≥5%) within the last six months * currently pregnant or lactating, or planning on becoming pregnant within the next 12 months, * history of cancer within the previous 5 years, * dietary restrictions or allergies that would inhibit adherence to the intervention diet, * history of eating disorders, * moderate or severe depression, anxiety or mental health condition that impacts daily life, * currently following a low-carbohydrate or low-calorie diet, and * unable to access the internet (for communication with research team and rd).

Keywords: low-carbohydrate diets low-calorie diets type 2 diabetes remission
accelerated prone position ventilation of patients with covid-19

Conditions: COVID-19

Summary: prone position ventilation is frequently used in the icu to treat severe hypoxemia in patients with covid-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). the aim of the provent-covid study is to assess whether applying prone position ventilation immediately after intubation reduces the duration of mechanical ventilation compared to prone position ventilation according to standard criteria for prone position.

in patients with covid-19 the incidence of ards is 15% and the all-cause mortality 4%. no treatment has been shown to improve the outcome of these patients. mechanical ventilation in the prone position decreases mortality with around 50% when applied to patients with severe respiratory failure. applying prone position earlier in patients with covid-19 could have several benefits, but may also carry significant side-effects and an increased workload for the health-care personnel. it is urgently needed to assess whether this potential life-saving intervention is effective. the aim of the provent-covid is to determine whether prone position ventilation, initiated immediately after intubation, lead to more days alive without respiratory support compared to prone position initiated according to standard indication in patients with covid-19 associated respiratory failure.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≥ 18 years of age. * admitted to an intensive care unit. * indication for intubation and mechanical ventilation * no suspicion of significant cardiac failure induced pulmonary edema. * suspected covid-19 or positive sars-cov-2 pcr or equivalent diagnostic test. * inclusion as soon as possible and maximum 12 hours after intubation. exclusion criteria: * contraindication for prone position ventilation: suspected high intracranial pressure, massive hemoptysis requiring an immediate surgical or interventional radiology procedure, tracheal surgery or sternotomy during the previous 15 days, serious facial trauma or facial surgery during the previous 15 days, cardiac pacemaker inserted in the last 2 days, unstable spine, femur, or pelvic fractures, single anterior chest tube with air leaks, body constitution that is incompatible with prone position ventilation (i.e. high bmi) * admitted under duress (psychiatry). * pregnant or breastfeeding. * mechanical ventilation in prone position prior to inclusion in the trial

Keywords: prone position ventilation ards intensive care unit respiratory failure
treatment of osteopenia with melatonin

Conditions: Osteoporosis

Summary: the aim of the study is to assess the effect of melatonin treatment in patients with osteopenia on bmd, muscle function, quality of life and calcium homeostasis.

background: melatonin is known for its regulation of circadian rhythm. the production falls with age, which explains why elderly may have disturbed sleep patterns. laboratory study and animal experimental studies suggests that melatonin also may protect against bone loss through increased osteoblast- and inhibited osteoclast activity. however, so far human studies have not been performed. design and patients: double blinded randomised controlled study. eighty post-menopausal women (aged 55-75) with osteopenia are randomized to receive 1mg, 3mg or placebo (daily - at night time) for 12 months. methods and results: effects of melatonin on bmd, bone- structure and mass will be assessed through dxa-scans, pqct, and qct. quality of life, sleep, and activity level will be assessed though questionnaires. calcium homeostasis will be analyzed through blood and urines samples. as safety parameters, balance and muscle function will also be performed. conclusion: expected improvements in bmd, quality of life and sleep.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * postmenopausal women between 55 and 75 years. * osteopenia verified by dxa-scans of total hip or lumbar spine (t-score between -1 and -2.5) * written informed consent after oral and written information exclusion criteria: * severely impaired renal function (plasma creatinine \>60 egfr ml/l). * severely impaired hepatic function (plasma alanine aminotransferase (alat) and/or alkaline phosphatase more the doubled compared to upper limit of reference value). * coagulation factors pp \<0.6 * hypercalcemia (p-ion calcium \> 1.32 nmol/l) * previous or present malignancies (except a treated skin cancer that is not melanoma or treated carcinoma in situ, 2 years since last therapy). * diseases affecting the calcium homeostasis including untreated thyroid diseases. * regular use of medicine affecting the calcium homeostasis; including diuretics, lithium, antiepileptica, glucosteroids. * ssri-product with fluvoxamin. * treatment with carbamazepin * treatment with rifampicin * severe malabsorption syndrome including gastric or intestinal resection. * alcohol or drug abuse. * smokers * major medical or social problems that will be likely to preclude participation for one year.
efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen in adult febrile patients

Conditions: Fever

Summary: the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen on reducing fever at 4 hours.

the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a single 400 mg dose of intravenous ibuprofen on reducing fever greater than or equal to 101.0ºf (38.3ºc), as compared with the efficacy of parallel placebo treatment.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. be hospitalized 2. have new (not chronic, within last 7 days) onset of fever, documented by temperature greater than or equal to 101.0ºf (38.3ºc) 3. have adequate intravenous access 4. have the ability to understand the requirements of the study, be willing to provide written informed consent (as evidenced by signature on an informed consent document approved by an institutional review board), and agree to abide by the study restrictions and to return for the required assessments exclusion criteria: 1. be less than 18 years of age 2. have received antipyretic drug therapy (e.g., aspirin, other nsaids, or acetaminophen) within 4 hours before dosing 3. have any history of allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of ivib, nsaids (including aspirin), or cox-2 inhibitors 4. be pregnant or nursing 5. have a history of severe head trauma that required current hospitalization, intracranial surgery, or stroke within the previous 30 days, or any history of intracerebral arteriovenous malformation, cerebral aneurysm, or central nervous system mass lesions 6. weigh less than 40 kg 7. have a history of congenital bleeding diatheses (e.g., hemophilia) or any active clinically significant bleeding, or have underlying platelet dysfunction, including (but not limited to) idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or congenital platelet dysfunction 8. have gastrointestinal bleeding that has required medical intervention within the previous 6 weeks (unless definitive surgery has been performed) 9. have a platelet count less than 30,000/mm3 10. be receiving full dose anticoagulation therapy 11. have fever secondary to blood or drug reaction 12. have an expected life span of less than 14 days because of imminent withdrawal of life support or severity of illness 13. be receiving treatment with corticosteroids (patients who are expected to receive corticosteroids during the treatment period or through hour 120 of the post-treatment period are not eligible.) 14. have neurogenic fever 15. be on dialysis, have oliguria or creatinine greater than 3.0 mg/dl, or be receiving nephrotoxic drugs 16. have had major surgery within the past 12 hours, unless adequate hemostasis has been achieved 17. have received another investigational drug within the past 30 days 18. become afebrile (temperature below 101.0ºf \[38.3ºc\]) before dosing and not redevelop fever entry criteria during this hospitalization 19. be otherwise unsuitable for the study, in the opinion of the investigator
stress management on nursing students

Conditions: Stress; Clinical Anxiety

Summary: in this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the stress management program on the clinical stress of first year nursing students. this research will be carried out in a randomized controlled experimental design. the data of the research; the descriptive characteristics form will be collected using the perceived stress scale for nursing students, the bio-psycho-social response scale for nursing students, and the stress coping behaviors scale for nursing students. students will be assigned as experiment (32) and control (32) by randomization. a four-session stress management program will be applied to the experimental group students. no intervention will be made on the control group.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: the first to enroll in the nursing fundamentals course, exclusion criteria: * have previously taken nursing fundamentals course
high flow nasal oxygen at extubation for adults requiring a breathing tube for treating severe breathing difficulties

Conditions: Respiratory Insufficiency

Summary: the goal of this feasibility study is to learn whether a new approach to breathing tube removal within the intensive care unit is safe and acceptable to participants who require a breathing tube for the management of severe breathing difficulties. the main questions it aims to answer are: * what is the recruitment rate to the study over 12 months? * is the study design acceptable and safe to participants? participants will receive high flow nasal oxygen before their breathing tube is removed. the investigators will compare this with standard practice of applying conventional, low-flow oxygen after the breathing tube removed to see if this effects the rate of repeat breathing tube insertion. the investigators hypothesise that they will recruit 30 participants to the study protocol (15 participants in each group) over 12 months and that our study protocol will be tolerable and acceptable to participants.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participant aged 18 to 80 years old at time of recruitment to study) * ventilated for greater than or equal to 48 hours with respiratory failure * treating clinician agrees ready for a planned extubation (but pressure support ventilation, fraction of inspired oxygen less than or equal to 40 , positive end expiratory pressure less than or equal to 10 centimetres of water, respiratory rate less than 20 breaths per minute) * minimal secretions * neurologically intact (in the opinion of the treating clinician, the participant is unlikely to fail extubation due to their neurological status) * cardiovascularly stable (systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 70 millimetres of mercury, heart rate less than or equal to 150 beats per minute) * written informed consent exclusion criteria: * cardiac implant device * internal neurostimulator * unstable spinal fracture or spinal cord injury * body mass index \>50kg/m\^2 * skin lesions or dressings over electrode belt site * pregnancy or lactating * intercostal chest drain (at treating clinician's discretion) * severe type ii respiratory failure (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than or equal to 12 kilopascals) * severe acidosis (hydrogen ion concentration greater than or equal to 80 nanomoles per litre) * chronic respiratory disease limiting functional capacity (mrc breathlessness grade iv or v) * severe heart failure (new york heart association grade iii or iv) * decreased gcs * cardiovascular instability (systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 69 millimetres of mercury or heart rate greater than or equal to 151 millimetres of mercury ) * pulmonary embolism * nasal obstruction * previous bleomycin administration * base of skull fracture * life expectancy less than or equal to 3 months

Keywords: extubation failure airway extubation oxygen inhalation therapy electric impedance
dna analysis of bone marrow and blood samples from young patients with acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Conditions: Leukemia

Summary: rationale: studying samples of bone marrow and blood from patients with cancer in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in dna and identify biomarkers related to cancer. purpose: this laboratory study is looking at dna in bone marrow and blood samples from young patients with acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

objectives: * characterize the clinical, morphologic, immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular heterogeneity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia (aml) in infants and monoblastic variants of aml in young patients. * characterize the clinical, morphologic, immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular heterogeneity of secondary aml in young patients. * compare secondary aml vs de novo aml at the level of southern blot, breakpoint sequence, and dna topoisomerase ii cleavage sites. outline: this is a multicenter study. bone marrow or blood are collected and analyzed by southern blot for chromosome 11q23 breakpoints and translocations. samples from patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia are also examined for mll gene rearrangements. projected accrual: a total of 250 patients will be accrued for this study.

Eligibility criteria:
disease characteristics: * diagnosis of leukemia meeting 1 of the following criteria: * acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia (aml) (\< 1 year of age at diagnosis) * m4 or m5 aml (\< 5 years of age at diagnosis) * secondary leukemia (\< 21 years of age at diagnosis) * bone marrow sample, peripheral blood (wbc \> 10,000/mm³ and 20% peripheral blasts), or pheresis bag available patient characteristics: * not specified prior concurrent therapy: * not specified

Keywords: childhood acute myelomonocytic leukemia (m4) childhood acute monocytic leukemia (m5b) childhood acute monoblastic leukemia (m5a) secondary acute myeloid leukemia untreated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia untreated childhood acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia
bio-experiential spaces for mental health in healthworkers

Conditions: Mental Health; Cognition; Anxiety

Summary: recharge rooms are immersive, biophilic private spaces designed to ameliorate trauma, anxiety, and stress. they feature multisensory input that is inspired by nature, as has previously been found to confer physiological benefits. these environments include silk imitation plants, projected scenes of soothing natural landscapes, low lighting that is tailored in color to match the landscapes that are being projected, high definition audio recordings of nature sounds paired with relaxing music, and infusion of essential oils and calming scents. the aim is to investigate the physiological and mental health outcomes that the short and long term exposure to these rooms have on healthcare workers. the data will be collected through online surveys. no identifiable information will be assessed or collected. the plan is to have 60 participants.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * adults over the age of 18 * current healthcare employee of mount sinai hospital or the icahn school of medicine at mount sinai exclusion criteria * age under 18 * not employed by mount sinai or icahn school of medicine at mount sinai

Keywords: biophilic design mental health cognition ptsd anxiety stress
prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas

Conditions: Overweight; Children

Summary: the purpose of this study was to encourage students to reduce soft drinks intake, substituting it by water, in order to prevent and control overweight prevalence.

during seven months of one school year, a healthy lifestyle education programme was implemented using simple messages encouraging water consumption instead of sugar sweetened carbonated beverages. the messages were previously tested for understanding in two small groups of children of the same age and socio-economic background as the study participants. also, beliefs and behaviors of children in these focus groups were recorded in order to orient activities and the production of printed materials to be given to participants. education was delivered via classroom activities; banners were hung promoting water consumption, and water bottles with the logo of the campaign were given to children and schoolteachers.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 4th grade morning classes exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * physical disabilities preventing anthropometric measurement

Keywords: randomized controlled trials soft drinks hypercholesterolemia serum cholesterol blood glucose overweight carbonated beverages
vactosertib and durvalumab in gastric cancer

Conditions: Stomach Neoplasm

Summary: this trial will test the efficacy and safety of durvalumab in combination with vactosertib in patients with metastatic gastric cancers who failed ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy

efficacy and safety of durvalumab (anti-pd-l1) via iv infusion q4w, in combination with vactosertib (tgf-beta inhibitor) po bid for 5 days a week for up to a maximum of 12 months, will be tested in patients with metastatic hypermutated gastric cancers as ≥ 3rd-line setting until confirmed disease progression, unless there is unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or another discontinuation criterion is met.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * have histologically- or cytologically-confirmed diagnosis of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in the stomach and gastroesophageal junction that are refractory to at least two lines of treatment. * have a performance status of 0-1 on the ecog performance scale. * have measurable disease at least one investigator-assessed measurable disease per recist v1.1 * have adequate organ functions exclusion criteria: * prior alk5 inhibitor treatment * current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days before the first dose of study drugs * patients weighing \<30kg
safety of trypan blue on endothelium of diabetic retinopathy patients

Conditions: Cataract Diabetic

Summary: this study examines the use of trypan blue staining of the corneal endothelium in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. it is a single-center prospective, randomized individual cohort study. one eye in each patient with diabetic retinopathy will undergo phacoemulsification without trypan blue capsule staining (control eye) while the other eye will undergo phacoemulsification with trypan blue capsule staining (study eye). both eyes will undergo intraocular lens implantation. preoperative and four-week postoperative quantitative and qualitative morphometric endothelial cell analyses of the cornea will be performed using noncontact specular microscopy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with bilateral cataract and diabetic retinopathy exclusion criteria: * history of ocular surgery active * ocular inflammation corneal opacities * pseudoexfoliation syndrome * anterior chamber flare and (or) other signs of possibly altered blood - queous barrier * iris neovascularization (rubeosis) * uncontrolled glaucoma * congenital or traumatic cataracts * history or present chronic use of topical or systemic steroids * poor papillary dilatation (\<6 mm) * specular microscopy cell density \< 2000 cell/mm2 * patients who experienced complications fromphacoemulsification