Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
mechanisms of immunosurveillance for lung cancer

Conditions: Lung Cancer

Summary: the purpose of this research study is to investigate the differences in "natural killer (nk) blood cells, a type of white blood cell that fights infection in the body, among different types of patients that have lung surgery. the four different groups of patients are: * smokers with lung cancer * smokers without lung cancer * non-smokers with lung cancer * non-smokers without lung cancer.

research has shown that different strains of mice possess varying susceptibility to lung cancer. c3h and c57bl6 mice are highly resistant to lung cancer, whereas a/j and 129 mice are very susceptible to lung cancer. data from our lab shows that the mice have different numbers of natural killer (nk) cells as well as different characteristics of those cells. c3h and c57bl6 mice have higher numbers of nk cells as well as higher expression of cd11b, whereas a/j and 129 mice have lower numbers and lower expression. these findings justify parallel investigation of nk cells in human populations resistant and susceptible to lung cancer. through blood samples, circulating nk cells can be counted and phenotypically analyzed. smoking can be used as a factor to establish lung cancer risk. additionally, non-smokers suffering from lung cancer provide an opportunity to investigate whether lung cancer patients have lower abundance of nk cells and lesser expression of cd11b, independent of the effects of smoking. objective: the main goal of this study is to investigate the quantitative and phenotypic differences in circulating nk cells among human populations. participants will be classified as heavy smokers (hs), non-smokers (ns), those suffering from lung cancer (lc), and those free from lung cancer (nc). hypothesis #1: ns/lc participants will have fewer nk cells and lower expression of cd11b compared to hs/nc and ns/nc participants. hypothesis #2: ns/lc participants will have more numerous nk cells and higher expression of cd11b compared to hs/lc participants.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age equal or greater to 18 years * ability to read and write in english * able to participate in the informed consent process exclusion criteria: * known active hepatitis b, hepatitis c, or hiv/aids (found in medical record) * chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 3 months of enrollment * type 1 diabetes mellitus * rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, or any other autoimmune disease as deemed necessary for exclusion by the principal investigator * previous organ transplant * blood transfusion within 3 months prior to enrollment * any previous cancer, excluding a previous lung cancer * steroid use within 4 weeks of enrollment

Keywords: immunoregulation natural killer cells
(arfi) shear velocity imaging of the kidneys in pediatric patients

Conditions: Urine Reflux; Kidney Damage

Summary: urine reflux (urine backing up into the kidneys) is common in the pediatric population and may be complicated by renal abnormalities, such as infection and scarring. currently, urine reflux is detected using either voiding cystourethrogram or other procedures. a new technique called ultrasound-based acoustic radiation force impulse (arfi), or shear wave velocity imaging svi) is performed using standard approved ultrasound machines and transducers bu the sound waves/impulses are produced in a different pattern. we hope to evaluate the usefulness of arfi in diagnosing possible kidney damage caused from urine reflux (urine backing up into the kidneys).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. 18 years of age and younger 2. are scheduled to have a clinically ordered kidney ultrasound and a voiding cystourethrogram (to evaluate urine reflux) on the same day. - exclusion criteria: none to list
an open-label extension study to evaluate safety of pf-06252616 in boys with duchenne muscular dystrophy

Conditions: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Summary: this study is an open-label extension to protocol b5161002 and will provide an assessment of the long term safety, efficacy, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous dosing of pf 06252616 in boys with duchenne muscular dystrophy. approximately 105 eligible subjects will be assigned to receive a monthly individualized maximum tolerated dose based on their tolerability profile/data from b5161002. this study will not contain a placebo comparator. subjects will undergo safety evaluations (laboratory, cardiac monitoring, physical exams, x-ray, mri), functional capacity evaluations (4 stair climb, range of motion, strength testing, northstar ambulatory assessment, upper limb functional testing, six minute walk test and pulmonary function tests) and pharmacokinetic testing.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. subjects with duchenne muscular dystrophy who enrolled and completed study b5161002. 2. signed and dated informed consent document (icd) indicating that the subject's parent or legal guardian/caregiver has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. 3. subjects and their legal guardians/caregivers who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures. 4. subject have; 1. adequate hepatic function on screening laboratory assessments 2. gldh less than 20 units/liter (2 x upper limit of normal \[uln\]) 3. iron content estimate on the liver mri within the normal range. exclusion criteria: 1. unwilling or unable (eg, metal implants) to undergo examination with closed mri. 2. all male subjects who are able to father children and are sexually active and at risk for impregnating a female partner, who are unwilling or unable to use a highly effective method of contraception. in addition, all sexually active male subjects who are unwilling or unable to prevent potential transfer of and exposure to drug through semen to their partners by using a condom consistently and correctly. . 3. subjects who are investigational site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the investigator, or subjects who are related to pfizer employees directly involved in the conduct of the study. 4. other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation. 5. participation in other studies involving investigational drug(s), with the exception of b5161002. 6. history of allergic or anaphylactic reaction to a therapeutic or diagnostic protein or additives of this investigational product.

Keywords: duchenne muscular dystrophy, myostatin, open-label
use of trem-1 protein to differentiate viral and bacterial pneumonias in intubated children

Conditions: Viral Pneumonia; Bacterial Pneumonia

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether a protein called trem-1 can be used to differentiate viral and bacterial pneumonias in children who are on ventilator support. we propose that the level of trem-1 will be significantly elevated in the lung fluid of children with bacterial pneumonia and viral with co-existing bacterial pneumonia than in children with pure viral pneumonia.

most often, viruses are the cause of pneumonia in children. however, viral pneumonias are frequently associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia. it is important, though difficult, to differentiate patients who only have viral pneumonia from those who have viral pneumonia with secondary bacterial pneumonia. this will help physicians to prescribe antibiotics to only those with bacterial pneumonia and avoid antibiotic use in those with pure viral pneumonia, thus help to limit health-care cost and to decrease emergence of antibiotic resistance. in adult studies, trem-1 has been shown to be specifically expressed in bacterial infections. we propose that measuring trem-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid will help to differentiate these groups. our hypothesis is that concentration of trem-1 will be significantly elevated in the bal fluid of children with bacterial pneumonia and viral with co-existing bacterial pneumonia than in children with pure viral pneumonia.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children from birth to 18 years intubated for respiratory failure or for surgery as mentioned above within 48 hours of intubation. exclusion criteria: * use of antibiotics \>72 hours preceding the study (not applicable to the definite bacterial pneumonia group) * use of oral/parenteral glucocorticoid therapy \<2 weeks prior to admission * presence of tracheostomy * active treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension * mechanical ventilation with fio2 \>0.6, map\>20 * presence of severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax, bradycardia (heart rate, \<80 beats/min in neonates, \<70 beats/min in infants), hypotension (mean arterial pressure, \<40 mm hg in neonates, \<50 mm hg in infants), and platelet count of \<30,000/mm3. * immunodeficient or immunocompromised due to other conditions. * enrollment in another interventional study that employs bal.

Keywords: pneumonia,viral pneumonia,bacterial trem-1 protein,human
"six-week study of the safety and efficacy of jzp-110 in the treatment of excessive sleepiness in osa"

Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Summary: this trial is a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized-withdrawal, multicenter study of safety and efficacy of jzp-110 in the treatment of excessive sleepiness in adult subjects with osa.


Eligibility criteria:
major inclusion criteria: 1. male or female between 18 and 75 years of age, inclusive 2. diagnosis of osa according to icsd-3 criteria 3. body mass index from 18 to \<45 kg/m2 4. consent to use a medically acceptable method of contraception 5. willing and able to provide written informed consent major exclusion criteria: 1. female subjects who are pregnant, nursing, or lactating. 2. any other clinically relevant medical, behavioral, or psychiatric disorder other than osa that is associated with excessive sleepiness 3. history or presence of bipolar disorder, bipolar related disorders, schizophrenia, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, or other psychotic disorders according to dsm-5 criteria 4. history or presence of any acutely unstable medical condition, behavioral or psychiatric disorder (including active suicidal ideation), or surgical history that could affect the safety of the subject or interfere with study efficacy or safety assessments or the ability of the subject to complete the trial per the judgment of the principal investigator 5. history of bariatric surgery within the past year or a history of any gastric bypass procedure 6. presence or history of significant cardiovascular disease 7. use of any over the counter (otc) or prescription medications that could affect the evaluation of excessive sleepiness 8. received an investigational drug in the past 30 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) 9. previous exposure to or participation in a clinical trial of jzp-110 (adx-n05, r228060, or ykp10a) 10. history of phenylketonuria (pku) or history of hypersensitivity to phenylalanine-derived products
a study of treatment with neorecormon (epoetin beta) in patients with chronic renal anemia

Conditions: Anemia

Summary: this study will evaluate whether anemia prevention with neorecormon has an additional impact on reducing cardiovascular risk over conventional anemia treatment in patients mostly with stage iv chronic kidney disease and renal anemia. the anticipated time on study treatment is 2+ years and the target sample size is 500+ individuals.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients \>=18 years of age; * chronic renal anemia; * not receiving renal replacement therapy. exclusion criteria: * women who are pregnant or lactating; * previous treatment with erythropoietin or other erythropoietic substance; * blood transfusion within the last 3 months; * need for dialysis expected in the next 6 months; * administration of another investigational drug within 30 days preceding study start, or during the study.
macrovascular and microvascular morbidity and mortality after metabolic surgery versus medicines

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Microvascular Disease; Macrovascular Disease; Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events; Nephropathy; Retinopathy; Heart Failure; All Cause Mortality

Summary: the goal of this study is to compare the impact of metabolic surgery and a class of anti-diabetes medications (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,glp-1 ras) on occurrence of diseases involving small and large vessels such as heart disease, kidney disease, and disease of the retina (a part of the eye), as well as deaths.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi\>=30 kg/m\^2 * type 2 diabetes mellitus * 18-75 y/o * roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) or sleeve gastrectomy (sg) (surgical cohort) at cchs hospitals in florida and ohio between january 1, 2010, and december 31, 2017 for the glp-1ra group: * follow-up of at least 30 days after the assigned index date * did not meet any of the exclusion criteria for surgical patients (see below) * did not have metabolic surgery prior to assigned index date. * continuously received glp-1 ra for ≥2 years (prescription order for glp-1 ra placed between january 1, 2010, and december 31, 2017, as well as ≥ 3 documented prescription fills within 1 year before their assigned index date and ≥ 3 fills within 1 year after their index date) exclusion criteria: * history of solid organ transplant * cardiac ejection fraction \<20% any time before index date * active cancer * cancer code within 1 year before index date * ed admission within 5 days before index date * dialysis or estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) \<20 before index date. * received care in cchs locations other than in ohio and florida.
the knack on female stress urinary incontinence

Conditions: Urinary Incontinence, Stress

Summary: the aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that voluntary pelvic floor muscle pre-contraction (the knack) (alone) can be a treatment for urine leakage during efforts. for this purpose, the following parameters will be analysed and compared amongst 1) the knack, 2) pelvic floor muscle training and 3) the knack + pelvic floor muscle training groups: urine leakage as assessed by the pad test, urinary symptoms, muscle function, quality of life, subjective cure, adherence to exercises in the outpatient setting and at home and perceived self-efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercises. the study population will comprise women with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinente (with predominant stress urinary incontinence) as assessed by means of the one-hour pad test (leakage ≥2 g). leakage up to 10 grams will be rated mild stress urinary incontinence and of 11 to 50 grams as moderate stress urinary incontinence. the sample will also include women with grade 2 muscle strength (normal contraction with elevation of the anterior vaginal wall) on the two-finger assessment rated according to the oxford scale. the primary outcome measure will be the objective cure of urinary incontinence as assessed by means of the one-hour pad test three months after randomization. secondary outcome measures: three-day bladder diary, 1 hour pad test, international consultation on incontinence questionnaire - short form, incontinence quality of life questionnaire, subjective cure of stress urinary incontinence, self-efficacy/outcome expectation to pelvic floor muscle exercises, frequency of the outpatient sessions, adherence to home exercises and pelvic floor muscle function, morphometry, strength and vaginal squeeze pressure.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinence (with predominance of stress urinary incontinence) as assessed by means of the one-hour pad test (leakage ≥2 g). mild stress urinary incontinence will be defined as leakage up to 10 g and moderate stress urinary incontinence as leakage of 11 to 50 g. * able to have a gynaecological examination exclusion criteria: * symptoms of overactive bladder alone * chronic degenerative, uncontrolled metabolic, neurological or psychiatric diseases * previous participation in a pelvic floor re-education programe and/or previous pelvic floor surgery or currently receiving other treatment for urinary incontinence * pelvic organ prolapse greater than stage ii according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (pop-q) system. * use of medication for urinary incontinence or medication that interferes with the musculoskeletal system * loss of stools or mucus * active urinary or vaginal infection in the past three months * body mass index ≥35 kg/m2

Keywords: urinary incontinence, stress physical therapy modalities
a study of sequential treatment with daivobet (betamethasone dipropionate plus calcipotriol) and daivonex (calcipotriol) in patients with psoriasis.

Conditions: Psoriasis

Summary: this single arm study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential treatment with diavobet (betamethasone propionate 0.5mg/g plus calcipotriol hydrate 50 micrograms/g) once daily for 4 weeks followed by daivonex (calcipotriol hydrate 50 micrograms/g) twice daily for 4 weeks, in the control of signs and symptoms in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. only patients showing a \>50% response to daivobet will progress to the daivonex maintenance phase. the anticipated time on study treatment is \<3 months, and the target sample size is 100-500 individuals.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients \>=18 years of age; * clinical diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris; * pasi score 1-12 in \>=1 body area. exclusion criteria: * clinical presentation of erythrodermic pustular psoriasis, expressed in plates and localized lesions on face and/or scalp; * viral, fungal or bacterial skin infections; * use of any topical treatment for psoriasis within previous 15 days; * use of any systemic therapy and phototherapy for psoriasis within previous 30 days.
glycolic acid plus salicylic acid in treatment of plane wart

Conditions: Plane Wart

Summary: to determine clinical efficacy of glycolic acid 15%plus salicylic acid 2% gel in treatment of plane wart .

warts are typically small, rough, hard growths that are similar in color to the rest of the skin. they typically asymptomatic , except when on the bottom of the feet, where they may be painful while they usually occur on the hands and feet, they can also affect other locations one or many warts may appear they are not cancerous . warts are caused by infection with human papillomavirus(hpv). factors that increase the risk include use of public showers, working with meat, eczema and a weak immune system. the virus is believed to enter the body through skin that has been damaged slightly. warts are classified to common wart, plane wart, plantar wart, genital wart. plane warts are circumscribed papules with hyperkeratotic surfaces that can occur singly or in groups. in these types of warts, the human papilloma virus (hpv) has been shown to infect the keratinocyte. although no viral subtype is absolute, typically the infection is with hpv types 3, 10, 28, and 41 these warts are small in size (1-5mm), flat, or slightly elevated lesions. plane viral warts typically present as skin-colored or light brownish,papules on the face, beard area, or on the back of the hands, and primarily affect children. plane warts can greatly affect a patient's quality of life, and their persistence or recurrence cause frustration. their evolution is variable, and although two thirds of cases regress spontaneously in the course of two years due to immunological mechanism the following therapies have been used in the treatment of plane wart with varying success: salicylic acid, cryotherapy, retinoic acid, photodynamic therapy (topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy), pulsed dye laser (pdl), and candida antigen. new medication is a combination of glycolic acid 15% plus salicylic acid 2% gel. glycolic acid has been used in the treatment of plane wart . it has been suggested that alpha-hydroxy acids can produce an authentic exfoliation and dehiscence of the coenocytes from recently formed layers of the stratum corneum. alpha-hydroxy acids also reduce the number of desmosomes and tonofilaments.in this study all patients will be instructed to avoid sun exposure during the treatment and to use broad spectrum sunscreen the treatment was started once daily over the entire face and maintained for two months. a fine layer of face gel was applied on the whole surface where the warts were present, avoiding the eyelids and lips. in children 7 to 10 years of age, face gel was applied by their parents. clinical controls were performed at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria site: face exclusion criteria : 1. photosensitivity 2. scaring keloid 3. herpes simplex 4. pregnancy \& lactation

Keywords: glycolic acid-salicylic acid-treatment of plane wart
effect of lithotomy position on optic nerve sheath diameter

Conditions: Optic Nerve Cup; Intracranial Pressure Increase

Summary: in this study, the effect of increased venous return and increased intra-abdominal pressure on intracranial pressure in the lithotomy position was evaluated.

in the lithotomy position, it is possible that venous return in the lower extremities increases and intra-abdominal pressure increases due to the position. at the same time, it is possible that the intracompartmental pressure in the extremities increases because the venous structure is compressed by placing the lower extremities on supports. considering both conditions, it is predicted that there may be an increase in the optic nerve sheath diameter due to increased intracranial pressure in patients placed in the lithotomy position. the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the position on intracranial pressure by ultrasonographically evaluating the optic nerve sheath diameter in the lithotomy position.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who give informed consent * patients who will undergo retrograde intrarenal surgery * patients who are fully oriented and cooperative * asa i-ii patients * patients between the ages of 18-65 exclusion criteria: * disoriented and uncooperative patients * patients with bmi\>30 * patients who have had previous intracranial surgery * patients who have had eye surgery before * patients allergic to the pharmacological agents used in the study

Keywords: ultrasonography, lithotomy position