Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
investigating the role of the premotor cortex in higher cognitive functions

Conditions: Brain Injury; Chronic

Summary: this project aims at understanding better the role of the frontal lobe of the brain in our capacity to perceive visual information consciously, and also, in our capacity to perceive others' actions. it includes a test where we ask subjects to detect visual information in front of a computer screen, and another test where we ask them to imitate finger movements.

this project is a twofold exploration of the functions of the premotor cortex, concerning, on the one hand, its role in conscious visual perception, and on the other hand, the part it may play in the perception and imitation of other people's movements. healthy subjects will be compared with subjects suffering from focal lesions within the premotor cortex, on two tasks: in the first task, the subjects will have to make a decision concerning the absence or presence of a visual item in their field of vision. they will make (virtual) bets based on the subjective certainty of their perceptions - they will be told that these bets are purely virtual, and will not result in any financial gain or loss. this study will help us understand the contribution of the prefrontal cortex to subjective weighing of perceptual certainty. in the second task, the subjects will imitate a finger movement, based either on a fixed picture, or on a short motion picture. previous studies have shown that whether the movement is copied from a fixed picture or a moving picture changes reaction times and types of mistakes. neuroimaging studies have shown that a premotor area is involved in this effect. the comparison of brain-damaged and healthy subjects will tell us what exactly the contribution of the prefrontal consists in.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy subjects chosen from a pool of adult subjects, recruited through ads. * in the second group, the subjects are recruited from a pool of brain-damaged patients treated at the hospital de la pitié-salpétrière. they must suffer from a focal lesion in the prefrontal cortex. exclusion criteria: * for the healthy group: any previous brain-related medical history. * widespread brain-damage, extending beyond the prefrontal cortex, that is to say, lesions that are not really focal.

Keywords: prefrontal cortex visual consciousness focal lesions action perception
promoting a healthier lifestyle among breast cancer survivors

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Summary: the purpose of this study is to find out if a counseling program the investigators have developed can help breast cancer survivors adopt a healthier lifestyle.

participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. one group of breast cancer survivors will receive general information on how to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors. the other group of breast cancer survivors will receive counseling on how to increase their level of physical activity. participants will have three consultations with a health counselor. the first two consultations will take place in-person and the third consultation will take place via telephone. participants will also be asked to complete questionnaires assessing their physical and mental well-being, their dietary habits, and their physical activity habits at four time-points: in-person during their first study visit, via mail or through an online survey 6 weeks later, in-person 12 weeks later, and via mail or through an online survey 24 weeks later. additionally, during their first study visit and 12 weeks later, their level of aerobic fitness will be tested by having participants walk a long hallway for six minutes.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥ 18 years of age; * be capable of speaking and reading english; * be diagnosed with stage 0-ii breast cancer; * be currently disease free; * have been treated surgically for breast cancer; * have completed chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at least three months but no more than two years prior; * be physically able to exercise as measured by the physical activity readiness questionnaire-revised (thomas, reading, \& shephard, 1992) ; * be currently physically inactive as measured by the godin leisure time exercise questionnaire (godin \& shepard, 1985); and * be contemplating increasing physical activity as measured by the exercise stages of change - short form (marcus, selby, niaura, \& rossi, 1992).

Keywords: healthy lifestyle physical activity behavior motivational interview breast cancer survivor
the role of neuromodulators in refractory functional dyspepsia

Conditions: Dyspepsia; Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders; Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome; Antidepressant Drug Adverse Reaction

Summary: the study was designed to investigate the effect of central neuromodulators on refractory functional dyspepsia

functional dyspepsia (fd) is a prevalent disease combined with emotional disorders. antidepressants are beneficial in the treatment of refractory fd, while for the long-term use of antidepressants, it could lead to withdrawal syndrome or other adverse events. refractory fd patients were unsatisfied with the regular first-line anti-acid treatment. however, many patients were worried about taking antidiepressants, even though guideline has recommended antidepressant use in fd. in our study, we would use low-dose and short-term antidepressant in refractory fd patients, and investigate whether short-term antidepressants application would improve therapeutic efficacy and minimize antidepressant withdrawal of fd patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18-70 years old; * education level higher than middle school; * met the rome iv criteria for fd; absence of abnormalities on physical examination, laboratory tests (including a routine blood test, blood glucose, and liver function examination), and abdominal imaging and gi endoscopy within 6 months; * absence of helicobacter pylori infection; * signed written informed consent for participation in the study. exclusion criteria: * evidence of organic digestive diseases; * diabetes, cancer and other diseases might affect gi function; * pregnancy, lactation or breastfeeding; * a history of allergic reaction to any of the drugs used in the study; * participation in other clinical trials in the previous 3 months.
study of neoadjuvant ipilimumab in patients with urothelial carcinoma undergoing surgical resection

Conditions: Urothelial Carcinoma

Summary: the purpose of this study is to learn if ipilimumab can be given safely at two different doses given to patients with urothelial cancer who are going to have surgery as part of their treatment. the immunological effectiveness of ipilimumab will also be studied.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * previously untreated urothelial cancer requiring surgery for treatment * ineligible for chemotherapy * adequate hematologic, kidney and liver function exclusion criteria: * sexually active and fertile individuals or partners of these individuals who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method of birth control for the entire trial and up to 4 weeks after the study * women who are pregnant or breastfeeding * women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment prior to study drug administration * prior treatment with ipilimumab or other anti-ctla4 antibody, or a cd137 agonist * concurrent malignancy, with the exception of adequately treated and cured basal or squamous cell skin cancer, or carcinoma in situ of the cervix (previous malignancy without evidence of disease for 5 years will also be allowed to enter trial) * autoimmune disease: subjects with a documented history of inflammatory bowel disease (including crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are excluded from this study as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis \[scleroderma\], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis \[e.g., wegener's granulomatosis\]). subjects with motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g., guillain-barre syndrome) are excluded from this study * patients deemed ineligible for surgery * any non-oncology vaccine therapy used for prevention of infectious diseased in the past month * concomitant therapy with any of the following: il-2, interferon or other non-study immunotherapy regimens, chemotherapy; immunosuppressive agents; other investigation therapies; or chronic use of systemic corticosteroids (used in the management of cancer or non-cancer related illnesses) * prior radiation therapy for urothelial cancer * positive screening tests for or any prior history of hiv, hepatitis b or hepatitis c
studying genes in samples from younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Conditions: Leukemia

Summary: rationale: studying samples of blood and bone marrow from patients with cancer in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in dna and identify biomarkers related to cancer. it may also help doctors find better ways to treat cancer. purpose: this laboratory study is looking into genes in samples from younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all).

objectives: * to identify somatically acquired genetic copy number and sequence alterations at the time of diagnosis in adolescent and young adults (aya) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) samples and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome. * to identify specific microarray multi-gene and multi-exon expression signatures at the time of diagnosis and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcome. * to gain insights into the genetic events that contribute to the formation, development and relapse of aya all by integrating the copy number and sequence alterations with the multi-gene signatures and by comparing these with data already generated in pediatric all. outline: cryopreserved samples are analyzed for dna copy number alterations and loss-of-heterozygosity, gene expression profiling, and mutation analysis by single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) microarrays, affymetrix exon arrays, and whole genome amplification (wga, repli-g qiagen). confirmation studies are then done by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), reverse transcriptase (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race).

Eligibility criteria:
disease characteristics: * samples from patients diagnosed with b-progenitor aya all from: * the children's oncology group high risk all study aall0232 (age 16-21) * the st. jude children's research hospital (sjcrh) total xv studies (age 16-21) * aya all (from patients 22-30 years of age and from patients age 31-39 years) existing in the all tissue repositories of the adult national cancer institute (nci) cooperative oncology groups * the cancer and leukemia group b (calgb) * the eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) * the southwest oncology group (swog) * cryopreserved viable leukemic cell suspensions, obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood at pretreatment and initial diagnosis * matched normal (germline) samples from end induction-remission bone marrow or blood samples or from buccal swabs, if available patient characteristics: * not specified prior concurrent therapy: * not specified

Keywords: b-cell adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia b-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia untreated adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia untreated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
predictors of oral antibiotic treatment failure in emergency department patients with cellulitis

Conditions: Cellulitis

Summary: the term cellulitis is a medical term describing a bacterial infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin. although it is usually easily treated with antibiotics given either orally or through a vein (intravenously), knowing which route of antibiotic treatment to prescribe to a person attending an emergency department with cellulitis is not clear. a clinical prediction rule (cpr) is a decision-making tool that comes from original research as opposed to the opinion of experts. we intend to create a preliminary cpr to decide which patients require oral and which patients require intravenous antibiotics for cellulitis from their first visit to an emergency department. the aim of this is to provide safer care by reducing the risk of a patient returning to the hospital with a worsening infection. it will also promote more cost-effective care by reducing hospital re-attendance rates and wasted antibiotics. patients attending the department with cellulitis who are suitable for oral antibiotic treatment will be enrolled into this study. a separate doctor will re-examine at least 10% of study participants in order to reduce bias. a set of physical signs and symptoms will be recorded from each patient in order to determine which ones are associated with them "failing" prescribed oral treatment. a study investigator will then phone the patient after 14 days to see whether they are better or whether they required intravenous antibiotics to get better.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \>16 years * suitable for treatment with flucloxacillin 500mg -1gram qds monotherapy or a suitable alternative for penicillin allergic patients as listed in the local prescribing guidelines. * appearance of typical, plaque-like area of erythema over any body part excluding the perineum within the preceding 5 days with any 2 of the following signs: * 1.increased warmth over affected area * 2.swelling of affected area * 3.pain over affected area * 4.regional lymphadenopathy exclusion criteria: * requirement for iv antibiotics as decided by the treating clinician. * age less than 16 years. * no telephone or access to a telephone. * abscess alone without co-existing signs of cellulitis * mammalian bite wounds. * infected diabetic foot ulcer * necrotising soft tissue infections. * perineal cellulitis. * suspected septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. * decubitus ulcers. * bilateral cellulitis (as this entity rarely exists). * acute lipodermatosclerosis. * acute dermatitis. * venous stasis dermatitis. * deep vein thrombosis. * pregnancy. * cognitive impairment. * any patient who through language barrier or diminished capacity is unable to understand the scope of the study

Keywords: cohort study, cellulitis, skin and soft tissue infection, emergency department, clinical prediction rule
18-f sodium fluoride (18f-naf) pet for the assessment of bioprosthetic aortic valve durability and outcomes

Conditions: Aortic Stenosis

Summary: this is a pilot study in which we will aim to demonstrate successful execution of the imaging protocol and to make observations regarding the calcification activity as measured by 18f-naf pet/ct and any correlation to 1) valve age and valve type, and 2) subsequent degeneration of aortic valve bioprostheses based upon clinical, echocardiographic and ct parameters. additionally, the data will serve as preliminary data to plan a larger study to investigate study objectives.

this five-year pilot study will aim to demonstrate successful execution of the imaging protocol and to make observations regarding the calcification activity as measured by 18f-naf pet/ct and any correlation to 1) valve age and valve type, and 2) subsequent degeneration of aortic valve bioprostheses based upon clinical, echocardiographic and ct parameters. techniques that can identify specific increases in calcification activity are therefore likely to provide important insights into predicting the longevity of tavr valves and guidance towards subsequent interventions. twenty patients whom have undergone either tavr or surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement will be invited to participate in an 18f-naf pet scan (baseline) and ct scan imaging (baseline and year 2). baseline, year 1 and 2 will also include clinical assessment, labs and echocardiograms. telephone contact at years 3, 4, and 5 will provide follow up for major cardiovascular adverse events.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged ≥60 years * patients between 1 month and 5 years following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr) or surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement exclusion criteria: * inability to provide informed consent * creatinine \>1.5 mg/dl * history of severe allergy to iodine contrast agents * active atrial fibrillation * paget's disease * metastatic malignancy

Keywords: transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr). surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement
when to perform bladder catheterization in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty

Conditions: Postoperative Urinary Retention (POUR)

Summary: approximately 40 % of all patients undergoing fast-track total hip or knee arthroplasty needs intermittent bladder catheterization after surgery, as they are transient incapable of voluntary bladder emptying (postoperative urinary retention - pour). the currently used interventional threshold for urinary bladder catheterization are a bladder volume of approximately 500 ml., but no evidence exists for this threshold. at the same time, the current knowledge suggest, that a bladder volume up to 1000 ml. for 2-4 hours are safe in humans, and as the use of urinary bladder catheterization are increasing the risk of complications, the investigators are hypothesizing that increasing the interventional threshold for urinary bladder catheterization after fast-track total hip or knee arthroplasty, will reduce the number of patients needing urinary bladder catheterization, without increasing the incidence of urological complications - including urinary tract infections.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * planned for elective total hip or knee arthroplasty * given written informed consent for participation exclusion criteria: * can't co-operate to participation * can't speak or understand danish * preoperative use of urinary bladder catheterization * using haemodialysis * previous cystectomy * need for permanent urinary bladder catheter during surgery (decided by anaesthesiologist and/or surgeon) * pregnant or given birth within the last 6 months

Keywords: postoperative urinary retention fast-track total hip (tha) and knee arthroplasty (tka) urinary bladder volume
transcranial electrical stimulation for cervical dystonia

Conditions: Primary Cervical Dystonia

Summary: there are two phases. phase i: a single visit which includes a screening, clinical scales, and a mri scan with simultaneous tes/sham tes in a randomized block design. enrolls both cervical dystonia (cd) patients and healthy controls. phase ii: 5 consecutive days of 30-90 min visits to campus for tes or sham tes. transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) measures and clinical scales will also be included on day 1 and day 5 visits. enrolls only cd patients.

phase i: enrolls both cd patients and healthy controls. one approximately 3 hour visit which includes: * a screening \& neurological exam, * clinical scales \& questionnaires, * a (approx.) 60 min mri scan with simultaneous tes/sham tes in a randomized block design and emg phase ii: enrolls only cd patients. five consecutive days of study visits. day 1: * tms screening, * repeated neurological assessment and clinical scales if \>1 month since mri visit * 30 min tms session with concurrent emg * 20 min tes or sham tes session days 2-4: - 20 min tes or sham tes session day 5: * 20 min tes or sham tes session * 30 min tms session with concurrent emg * repeated neurological assessment and clinical scales

Eligibility criteria:
primary cervical dystonia inclusion criteria: * right-handed * on a stable dose of all medications used to treat dystonia for the month previous to enrollment * no botox injections in the 10 weeks previous to enrollment exclusion criteria: * any contraindication to mri scanning, tes, or tms (e.g pregnancy, history of seizures, significant systemic medical conditions, untreated psychiatric or neurological conditions) * evidence on neurological exam of any potentially confounding neurological disorder * evidence of significant cognitive impairment * patients with dystonia symptoms beginning prior to the age of 18 will be excluded * patients with secondary dystonia resulting from medications or that are part of another neurological disorder (e.g. parkinson's disease) will be excluded * medication that might predispose the subject to seizures healthy controls inclusion criteria: - right-handed exclusion criteria: * any contraindication to mri scanning, tes, or tms (e.g pregnancy, history of seizures, significant systemic medical conditions, untreated psychiatric or neurological conditions) * evidence on neurological exam of any potentially confounding neurological disorder * evidence of significant cognitive impairment * medication that might predispose the subject to seizures
intradiscal rhgdf-5 phase i/ii clinical trial

Conditions: Degenerative Disc Disease

Summary: study to show the effectiveness and safety of a single injection of rhgdf5 into a degenerating single spinal disc in treating lumbar level degenerative disc disease


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. persistent low back pain, with at least 3 months of non-surgical therapy, at one symptomatic lumbar level (l3/l4 to l5/s1) as confirmed using a standardized discography protocol 2. oswestry disability index of 30 or greater 3. low back pain score greater than or equal to 4 cm as measured by vas, at visit 1 baseline and on day of treatment to confirm eligibility prior to administration exclusion criteria: 1. persons unable to have a discogram, ct or an mri 2. abnormal neurological exam at baseline (e.g., radiculopathy) 3. radicular pain 4. leak of contrast agent during the discogram, into the epidural space (does not include leak of contrast agent along the needle track) 5. mri findings demonstrate any of the following:· suspected disc appears normal· \>50% decrease in disc height· modic changes, and/or· presence of osteophytes or significant facet arthrosis
validation of a swiss german language test for children

Conditions: Hearing Loss

Summary: the aim of this study is to validate a swiss german children's language test. standard values for the speech intelligibility of swiss german monosyllables and disyllables for children with normal hearing aged 4-6 years are recorded.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * native swiss german speakers * hearing threshold better than 20db hl at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4khz * written informed consent by the parents exclusion criteria: * hearing loss * cognitive impairment