Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to head-down postural drainage position

Conditions: Traumatic Blunt Chest and/or Blunt Abdominal Injury

Summary: the purpose of this study is to explore acute hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to head-down 30 degree postural drainage position in patients with blunt chest and/or abdominal injury in the traumatic intensive care unit.

study protocol the study protocol consisted of 2 conditions: treatment condition (a) and sham condition (b). the order of the conditions was randomly assigned to either the treatment or sham for the first round and vise versa in the second round in a balanced cross-over design (a-b-b-a) so there were four sets of measurements per patient. for the treatment condition (a), the study consists of three consecutive periods 1) baseline period: 10 minutes rest in horizontal supine lying 2) intervention period: 10 minutes rest in head-down 30 degree supine lying 3) recovery period: return to horizontal supine lying and rest for 10 minutes . for the sham condition (b), the study was performed with a similar procedure except the intervention period consisted of horizontal supine lying. hemodynamic and ventilatory parameter were recorded at the start of each period (0 min) and every 2 minute until end of each period for both conditions. hemodynamic and ventilatory dependent variables were heart rate (hr), systolic blood pressure (sbp), diastolic blood pressure (dbp), mean arterial pressure (map), electrocardiography (ecg), central venous pressure (cvp), respiratory rate (rr), oxygen saturation (spo2), tidal volume (vt), minute ventilation (ve), dynamic lung compliance (cdyn) and end-tidal expiratory pressure of co2 (petco2). subjects were rested between each condition. subjects were suctioned via endotracheal tube to clear airway at 10 minutes before study commencement of either a-b or b-a.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mechanical ventilator dependence * stable cardiopulmonary function at rest (hr 60-100 beats/min, systolic bp 90-140 mmhg and diastolic bp 60-90 mmhg and spo2\>95%. rr 10-20 breath/min exclusion criteria: * spine disorders such as spine fracture, hnp, spondylolisthesis, whiplash syndrome, stenosis and spondylosis * fracture of upper and/or lower limbs * underlying acute or chronic cardiopulmonary diseases * craniotomy or craniectomy * unstable intracranial pressure, icp\>12 cmh2o * uncontrolled pain

Keywords: head down postural drainage
safety and effectiveness of giving indinavir and nelfinavir to hiv-infected patients

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the purpose of this study is to see if it is safe and effective to treat hiv-infected patients with indinavir (idv) plus nelfinavir (nfv), 2 anti-hiv medications. it is thought that idv plus nfv will be a safe drug combination for treating hiv.

it is hypothesized that the administration of indinavir with nelfinavir will be generally safe and well tolerated. this is a parallel, time-lagged, 2-stage, multiple-dose, 24-week study in hiv-1 seropositive patients. in the 3-week, randomized, double-blind phase of stage a, patients receive either indinavir plus nelfinavir (group a1: 9 patients) or indinavir placebo plus nelfinavir placebo (group a2: 3 patients) for the first week. in week 2, patients in group a1 have the nelfinavir dose increased. this dose escalation for nelfinavir is contingent upon the patient having completed 1 week of the study drugs without experiencing grade 3 or worse toxicity and/or serious drug-related adverse events. patients in group a2 continue to receive placebo until week 3, at which time they receive indinavir plus nelfinavir (initial dose), while patients in group a1 continue with indinavir plus nelfinavir (escalated dose). at week 4 all patients in stage a (including those originally assigned to receive placebo) receive open-label indinavir plus nelfinavir (escalated dose) for the remainder of the 24 weeks. after at least 6 patients in stage a have completed at least 2 weeks of therapy with nelfinavir plus indinavir with acceptable tolerability, stage b begins. in the 2-week, randomized, double-blind phase of stage b, patients receive either indinavir plus nelfinavir (group b1: 9 patients) or indinavir placebo plus nelfinavir placebo (group b2, 3 patients). after 2 weeks, all patients in stage b (including those originally assigned to receive placebo) receive open-label indinavir plus nelfinavir for the remainder of the 24 weeks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria you may be eligible for this study if you: * are hiv-positive. * have a cd4 count of at least 100 cells/mm3. * have a plasma viral load (level of hiv in the blood) of at least 30,000 copies/ml. * are at least 18 years old. exclusion criteria you will not be eligible for this study if you: * have ever been treated with any protease inhibitors (pis).

Keywords: drug therapy, combination hiv protease inhibitors indinavir nelfinavir anti-hiv agents
a study of chlorhexidine in the prevention of hiv-1 transmission from mothers to their babies

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the purpose of this study is to find the best strength of chlorhexidine (a solution that kills germs), for washing the mother's vagina during labor and the newborn baby, that may reduce the chance of hiv being passed from an hiv-positive mother to the baby. when used as a wash on the vagina during labor, and on a newborn shortly after birth, a higher dose of chlorhexidine is more likely to reduce the rate of hiv-1 transmission from mother to baby. laboratory tests suggest that a higher dose of chlorhexidine will be more effective in killing hiv.

the principal hypothesis of this protocol is that, in the context of routine oral/nasal suctioning of infants, a higher concentration of chlorhexidine for peripartum vaginal and postpartum newborn cleansing results in reduction in maternal child transmission (mct) of hiv. the in vitro data suggest that a higher concentration of chlorhexidine in the primary wash solution is much more likely to have a virucidal effect perinatally and thus reduce mct. perinatal intervention consists of the following: 1) cervicovaginal wash of the entire birth canal with a chlorhexidine solution at the time of each vaginal examination of a mother in labor; 2) immediate suctioning of the nasal and oral passages of the infant at the time the head emerges (fluids to be tested for viral load at future date); and 3) thorough washing of the baby with a chlorhexidine solution immediately after delivery. blood samples are collected from some infants for measurement of chlorhexidine levels approximately 2 hours post-washing. during the 24 to 48 hours following delivery, infants are examined and mothers are queried using standardized questionnaires for subjective complaints related to the chlorhexidine washes. speculum-aided vaginal exams are done for any persistent (greater than 24 hours) or severe complaints.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria mothers may be eligible for this study if they: * receive hiv testing and counseling (both hiv-positive and hiv-negative women will be enrolled). * are at least 36 weeks pregnant. * are receiving routine prenatal care at the chris hani baragwanath hospital maternity unit in soweto, south africa. exclusion criteria mothers will not be eligible if they: * have severe complications during the pregnancy, such as bleeding before birth. * have a c-section by choice. * have obvious genital sores at the time of labor. * have a baby that is positioned a certain way during delivery. * receive prostaglandin tablets, in the vagina, during labor. * have major medical conditions, such as tb or diabetes (except hiv, in hiv-positive women).

Keywords: pregnancy complications, infectious dose-response relationship, drug polymerase chain reaction disease transmission, vertical labor disinfectants vagina chlorhexidine irrigation
meta-cognitive functional intervention for adults with adhd: a pilot efficacy study

Conditions: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Summary: the purpose of this study is to examine the initial efficacy of a psycho-social, metacognitive-functional intervention for adults (cog-fun - a) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd). it is hypothesized that participants in the cog-fun - a intervention will demonstrate improvements in measures of executive functioning, occupational performance and quality of life.

the cog-fun - a is a structured occupational therapy intervention for promoting self management in adults with adhd. the protocol comprises three central treatment modules: adaptive self awareness, executive strategies and skill implementation and multi-context transfer of strategies and skills. the intervention is administered by occupational therapists on an individual basis, once a week, over 3-4 months. 20 participants will be recruited through community advertising. sample size was determined based on expected moderate effect sizes. data will be collected at the onset and completion of the intervention. data will be analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. adverse events if occur will be reported to supervising psychiatrist and the helsinki committee.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adhd diagnosed by certified medical practitioner * adult adhd self report scale (asrs) score above cutoff * brief-a score above cutoff exclusion criteria: * diagnoses of severe neurological or psychiatric health condition. * instability in pharmacological treatment * brief symptom inventory (bsi) above cutoff according to israeli adult norms
boston birth cohort study

Conditions: Maternal Health; Child Health; Pregnancy Complications; Birth Outcome, Adverse

Summary: early life exposures may lead to adverse effects on health in later life. the boston birth cohort study is designed to study a broad array of early life factors and their effects on maternal and child health outcomes.

any woman admitted to the labor and delivery floor at the boston medical center (bmc) who delivers a singleton live infant and meets our case (gestational age \ 2,500 grams) criteria will be eligible. postnatal follow-up of enrolled mother-child pair is conducted from birth to age 21 years. the boston birth cohort has high-quality biospecimen collection, and comprehensive epidemiological, clinical, and environmental exposure data via standardized questionnaire interview, measurements, and review of the electronic medical records.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mothers who deliver singleton live births at boston medical center are eligible for the study. exclusion criteria: * pregnancies that are a result of in vitro fertilization or that involve multiple gestations, fetal chromosomal abnormalities or major birth defects.

Keywords: boston birth cohort early life origins of pediatric and adult disease gene environment interaction health across life course and generations
a long term prospective follow up study for the cato study (sas30018/ser9702)

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: the cato population is a very well documented population during two years. during this study patients were treated according to the cato algorithm, after that patient were treated according to the dutch national (gina derived) guidelines up to 6 years of follow-up. the purpose of this prospective follow-up study is to understand the long-term effects of treatment. therefore the measurements done at baseline (cato part 1) are repeated after 6 years in this cato-population (cato follow-up).

a long term follow up study for a comparison of stepwise treatment of asthmatic children with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination product (seretide®) and/or fluticasone propionate (flixotide®) based on pd20 methacholine and symptoms or based on symptoms only ("children asthma therapy optimal")

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * any subject who has given informed consent to participate in the cato study, and has met all the criteria required for randomisation into the clinical study may take part in this follow up study * under the age of 18 years subjects and both parent(s)/guardian(s) who have given written informed consent to participate in the study * subjects from 18 years and older who have given written informed consent to participate in the study exclusion criteria: * experienced an acute asthma exacerbation requiring emergency room treatment within 4 weeks or hospitalisation within 4 weeks of visit 1 * any use of oral/parenteral or depot corticosteroid within 4 weeks of visit 1 * subjects who are pregnant (a pregnancy test can be performed at the investigator's discretion)

Keywords: adolescents asthma long-term follow-up symptoms bronchial hyperresponsiveness
brightline: advancing mental health on campus

Conditions: Depression; Anxiety; Stress; Positive Affect; Negative Affect; Loneliness

Summary: this observational study will employ a multi-modal observation methodology, integrating data from wearable devices and smartphones to establish comprehensive digital biomarkers for identifying symptoms of mental health conditions in university students. the study aims to identify the digital behavioural markers associated with mental health conditions, develop predictive algorithms for mental health states from digital markers, and identify university students at risk for mental health conditions.

in this study, participants will be monitored over a six-month period to determine the association between digital behavioural markers and mental health symptoms among university students. participants will be passively monitored to collect digital phenotyping data (e.g., physical activity, sleep activity, heart rate, physiological patterns, sociability indices, finger taps, ambient light, phone states, etc.), using a wearable device and sensors from the smartphone. participants will also complete self-report questionnaires at months 0, 1, 3, and 6, to track changes in mental health symptoms and behavioural data. the collected data will be analysed to examine the longitudinal changes in depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues among university students and explore the feasibility of data collection procedures.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * be aged 18 years or older. * be a current full-time undergraduate student. * own a smartphone with wi-fi, 4g, and bluetooth capabilities. * possess adequate english language proficiency. * be able to download the study apps. * provide informed consent. exclusion criteria: * are part-time students. * have a current diagnosis of any mental health disorder or a past diagnosis with any bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, or any psychotic disorder. * are currently undergoing mental health treatment. * lack sufficient english proficiency. * report suicidal ideation as indicated by patient health questionnaire (phq-9) item-9, "thoughts you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way". * cannot commit to wearing a wearable device for the six-month monitoring period. * receive special education accommodations or support from the university.

Keywords: university student mental health digital phenotyping digital biomarkers passive sensing risk prediction mental health seeking
the effect of exercise on hepatic glucose metabolism

Conditions: Obesity; Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: it is known that obesity and/or physical inactivity greatly increase a person's risk of developing heart disease and other serious health problems. this is partly because diabetes is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. diabetes is also associated with high levels of triglycerides in the blood and tissues such as the liver (known as fatty liver or steatosis). this elevation of fat in the liver is known to cause liver insulin resistance and impair the function of the liver and this impairment contributes to the development of diabetes. studies have shown that both aerobic exercise and weight loss have beneficial results on insulin resistance. however, the cause of this benefit remains unclear. we know that both aerobic exercise and/or weight loss can improve how muscle responds to insulin. however, it is also known that aerobic exercise and/or weight loss lowers liver fat content, thereby making it possible that the liver's response to insulin is also improved by weight loss and/or exercise training. an improved responsiveness of the liver to insulin could lower blood sugar levels after a meal and it could also lower morning blood sugar levels. however, very little is known about how exercise and/or weight loss improves liver function in people with type 2 diabetes. hypothesis 1: improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, as a result of exercise training will increase the amount of glucose from an oral load that is taken up by the liver in subjects with dm. hypothesis 2: increases in hepatic insulin sensitivity as a result of exercise will cause reductions in egp during the fasted state, and will improve the suppression of egp seen in response to hyperinsulinemia.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 40-60 yrs of age * sedentary lifestyle * stable weight * bmi 30 - 40kg/m2 * hgb a1c \<8.5 * type 2 diabetes exclusion criteria: * use of insulin * use of tzds

Keywords: obesity type 2 diabetes liver
ultra curto (ultra short) tb prevention therapy

Conditions: Tuberculosis

Summary: to compare treatment success (adherence and completion of treatment) and safety of 1hp with 3hp in hiv-uninfected adults and adolescents at increased risk of tb.

tuberculosis (tb) is the leading infectious killer globally and a major cause of illness and suffering. the world health organization has prioritized tb preventive therapy (tpt) for people with latent tb infection (ltbi) as a key strategy for controlling the epidemic. prevention of tb with isoniazid preventive therapy (ipt) is effective and reduces morbidity and mortality, and has been the mainstay of tb prevention for decades. but for an intervention with an excellent evidence of efficacy, global uptake has been abysmal. completion rates for ipt when it is administered are poor (gillespie 2008; durovni 2010), with a large proportion of patients unable to complete treatment (mcclintock 2017; sterling 2011). while uptake is influenced by a variety of factors, a critical element has been the duration of ipt, with adherence falling sharply over time in clinical trials and practice. shorter course regimens have a much higher completion rate and are more acceptable to patients, clinicians, and programs.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay (igra) test and * household contact of an infectious tb case within previous 90 days, defined as sleeping at least once in a residence with a person diagnosed with pulmonary tb, or * documented conversion of tuberculin skin test (tst)/igra from negative to positive within 2 years exclusion criteria: * documented hiv infection * evidence of active tuberculosis on clinical exam or chest x-ray * known intolerance of any study drug * treatment for active or latent tb in the past for more than 14 days * known close contact to someone with inh or rifampin resistant tb * active liver disease or aspartate aminotransferase(ast)/alanine transaminase (alt) \>3 times upper limit of normal (uln) * neutropenia (anc \<1000) * peripheral neuropathy \>grade 1 by daids grading table * pregnant or breastfeeding. women of childbearing potential must agree to use non-hormonal contraception during study treatment. * weight \<40 kg
prognostic of dysfunctional breathing in long covid: a follow up study

Conditions: COVID-19; Dysfunctional Breathing

Summary: dysfunctional breathing might participate to dyspnoea in long covid-19. this study investigate the prognosis of patients diagnosed with dysfunctional breathing after sars-cov-2 infection in our center.

dysfunctional breathing (db) with or without hyperventilation syndrome (hvs) as diagnosed using cardiopulmonary exercise test (cpet) was recently demonstrated as an important physiopathological mechanism of persistent dyspnoea in long covid patients \[1\]. db is characterized by specific ventilation pattern on cpet accompanied by respiratory discomfort and/or dyspnea at exercise \[2\]. most patients with db will have undergone some sort a specific physiotherapy retraining \[3\]. however the prognostic and the predictors of persistence/resolution of db after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection are unknown. the aim of the study is to determine the prognostic of patients diagnosed with db after sars-cov-2 infection, as well as prognosis factors and predictors of persistence/resolution of db during a prospective follow up visit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients 14 years or more * diagnosis of db after sars-cov-2 at our long covid clinic using a combined approach of symptoms and cpet analysis in the hospitals of sion, martigny or rennaz * inclusion between november 2020 and until the end of october 2021 exclusion criteria: * refusal to participate * comorbidities preventing the cpet or pft to be carried out

Keywords: covid-19 dysfunctional breathing hyperventilation syndrome sighs erratic breathing