Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
pharmacokinetic study of patients who undergo cycloserine, a 2nd-line antituberculosis medicament

Conditions: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Summary: in all treatments of tuberculosis, the second-line drugs are usually less effective but have more drug toxicity than the first-line ones. for the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) patients, who are resistant to the major first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid, the second-line agents, like cycloserine in this research, are in frequent use. taking patients' safety into consideration, therapeutic drug monitoring of cycloserine has been listed as a routine examination during the tuberculosis treatment and established a suggested cycloserine serum concentration of 20\~35 mcg/ml. while this suggested drug concentration was set up, it isn't suitable to all races in the world. the investigators plan to develop the therapeutic drug monitoring protocols and a suggested treating concentration fitting for asian (taiwanese). in addition, through this research, the investigators can also realize that factors causing different pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcomes in different cycloserine level.

in all treatments of tuberculosis, the second-line drugs are usually less effective but have more drug toxicity than the first-line ones. for the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) patients, who are resistant to the major first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampin and isoniazid, the second-line agents, like cycloserine in this research, are in frequent use. taking patients' safety into consideration, therapeutic drug monitoring of cycloserine has been listed as a routine examination during the tuberculosis treatment and established a suggested cycloserine serum concentration of 20\~35 mcg/ml. while this suggested drug concentration was set up, it isn't suitable to all races in the world. the investigators plan to develop the therapeutic drug monitoring protocols and a suggested treating concentration fitting for asian (taiwanese). in addition, through this research, the investigators can also realize that factors causing different pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcomes in different cycloserine level.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 5 days and more of cycloserine taking * asians exclusion criteria: * cancer patients * aids patients * combined aids-tb patients * pregnant subjects * anyone whose medical and medication records are unclear

Keywords: tuberculosis cycloserine pharmacokinetics
vitamin d and the influenza epidemic

Conditions: Influenza

Summary: subjects included in ongoing vitamin d intervention trials were asked by questionnaire if they were ill with influenza during the winter season 2009/2010 to see if vitamin d supplementation prevented flu like disease.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participant in vitamin d versus placebo study exclusion criteria: * none

Keywords: vitamin d influenza prevention
prize contingency management for cocaine-dependent methadone patients

Conditions: Cocaine Abuse

Summary: the investigators will randomize 300 cocaine-dependent methadone patients to 1 of 6 conditions: (a) a control group, (b) a contingency management condition that arranges a 100% probability of winning a prize with each draw and has 3 prize categories, (c) a contingency management condition that arranges a 31% probability of winning and has 3 prize categories, (d) a contingency management condition that arranges a 100% probability of winning and has 7 prize categories, (e) a contingency management condition that arranges a 31% probability of winning and has 7 prize categories, or (f) usual prize contingency management with a 50% probability of winning from 3 prize categories. magnitudes of reinforcement will be identical across conditions, but lower overall probability conditions arrange for greater chances of winning larger magnitude prizes. the investigators expect that the new contingency management conditions will reduce cocaine use relative to the control condition, that 31% probability conditions will decrease drug use relative to 100% conditions, and that 7-prize category conditions will reduce drug use compared to 3-prize category conditions. in addition, the 31%/7-category condition is expected to be most efficacious. results will be instrumental for further developing prize contingency management to improve outcomes of cocaine-dependent methadone patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 18 years * current dsm-iv diagnosis of cocaine dependence * enrolled at the clinic for \>3 months * on a stable dose of methadone (no changes) for \>1 month and not requesting a dose alteration * submitted \>1 clinic cocaine positive sample in the last 6 months * english speaking * pass a quiz related to understanding the informed consent form exclusion criteria: * serious, uncontrolled psychiatric illness * significant cognitive impairment * in recovery from pathological gambling
left atrial ablation with permanent pacemaker or implantable loop recorder follow-up

Conditions: Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: the purpose of this study is 3 fold:- 1. to compare the efficacy and complication rates of 2 widely used methods, conventional irrigation tip ablation catheter (lasso) and ablation frontiers ablation technology, of af ablation for paf. 2. to evaluate the reveal xt ilr as a long term accurate af monitoring device as compared to the 'gold standard' ddd pacemaker holter. 3. to accurately evaluate, by continuous rhythm monitoring for 1 year, the efficacy of af ablation therapy for paf.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient aged 16-80 years old. * symptomatic paf with af episodes self terminating after at least 30 seconds but not longer than 24 hours. preference is given to patients with af episodes lasting no longer than 4 hours. * paf should have failed at least one drug therapy medical therapy. * patients must give written informed consent form prior to participating in this study. exclusion criteria: * patient is suffering with unstable angina in last 1 week. * patient has had a myocardial infarction within last 2 months. * patient is expecting or has had major cardiac surgery within last 2 months. * patient is participating in a conflicting study. * patient is mentally incapacitated and cannot consent or comply with follow-up. * patient has nyha class iii/ iv heart failure. * patients with severe valvular or ventricular dysfunction. * pregnancy. * patient suffers with other cardiac rhythm disorders. * recent coronary artery intervention or other factors suggesting clinical instability (ecg, clinical or laboratory findings)

Keywords: atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation ablation atrial fibrillation monitoring ablation frontiers reveal xt lasso
effect of fruit smoothie supplementation on psychological distress among people receiving opioid agonist therapy

Conditions: Substance-Related Disorders

Summary: background: people with substance use disorders generally have poor diets including limited intake of fruit and vegetables. evidence shows substantial health benefits from increasing fruit and vegetable consumption on a variety of indicators and possibly also psychological distress. a pilot study has indicated that supplementation with fruit smoothie could be promising also among people receiving opioid agonist therapy (oat) for opioid dependence. fruktbar will compare the efficacy of fruit smoothie supplementation within the oat clinics compared to standard treatment. study design: fruktbar is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. the trial will recruit approximately 230 patients receiving oat in bergen and stavanger, norway. intervention: the intervention involves daily supplementation with 250 ml fruit smoothie. the main endpoints are 16 weeks after intervention initiation. participants will be included and followed up during and after intervention. study population: the target group will be patients with opioid dependence receiving oat from involved outpatient clinics in bergen and stavanger. expected outcome: this study will inform on the relative advantages or disadvantages of a fruit supplementation in addition to the current medically and psychologically oriented treatment of people receiving opioid agonist therapy. if the supplementation is found to be safe and efficacious, it can be considered for further scale-up.

see below each section

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * receiving oat from an included outpatient clinic with outpatient follow-up on weekly basis * having fruit and vegetable intake below 3 portions per day (assessed at screening) * confirming interest in participating in diet intervention (criteria specified) * giving informed consent exclusion criteria: * allergies or prior anaphylactic reactions involving fruits or vegetables * poorly regulated diabetes type 1 or 2 (hba1c \>60 mmol/mol)

Keywords: fruit food supplementations opiate substitution treatment substance-related disorders
pulsatility index, vasomotor reactivity and leukoencephalopathy in fabry patients

Conditions: Fabry Disease

Summary: we hypothesize that fabry disease - fd is associated with elevated vascular resistance induced by cerebral small-vessel disease, indicating increased distal resistance to blood flow. the findings of this study may be used as a precursor for neuroimaging manifestations related to stroke in fd patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: fabry disease diagnosis, genetically confirmed age\> 16 years exclusion criteria: insufficient temporal bone window mri contra-indication inability to cooperate for breath-holding test detection of atrial fibrillation refuse to sing informed consent

Keywords: pulsatility index vasomotor reactivity leukoencephalopathy transcranial ultrasound
effects of supplemental oxygen delivery via demand versus continuous flow in hypoxemic copd patients

Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Summary: oxygen supplementation has been proven to be effective in hypoxemic copd patients by increasing oxygenation and reducing dyspnea. in clinical practice there are three common oxygen delivery systems used: continuous oxygen flow (cf), demand oxygen delivery with liquid oxygen (ddl) and demand oxgen delivery with portable oxygen concentrator (ddc). the cf involves considerable wastage of oxygen because oxygen is supplied during in- and exhalation. demand oxygen delivery saves oxygen and results in a comparable oxygen saturation at rest in copd patients. however, it is unknown, if oxygen supplementation via demand oxygen delivery is also sufficient during exercise in hypoxemic copd patients. in addition, it has to be considered that the lower weight of demand oxygen delivery system might enable patients for higher physical activity level and mobility in daily life. the effects of these three oxygen delivery systems shall be investigated by a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. every patient has to perform an incremental shuttle walk test and three endurance shuttle walk tests with three different oxygen supplementation (via cf, ddl or ddk) in randomized order.

the principal investigator will inform each patient about procedure, content and measurements of the study. it is obligatory that each patient participating in the study gives a written informed consent. following an initial incremental shuttle walk test (iswt) in order to determine the individual maximum capacity, patients will perform three endurance shuttle walk tests (eswt) at 85% of the maximal pace. in randomized order, patients will complete one eswt on cf, one on ddl (liquid oxygen) and one on ddc (portable oxygen concentrator). the time between the three eswts will be 24 hours in order to give enough time for regeneration. all patients will use the same oxygen devices (cf: companion 1000 (ce 0050), chart industries, inc. garfield heights, ohio, usa; dd \[liquid oxygen\]: caire spirit 300 (ce 0029), chart industries, inc. garfield heights, ohio, usa), dd \[portable concentrator\]: inogen g2, california, usa) and will carry the oxygen device in a backpack. continuous oxygen flow in liter per minute will be compared to the level of demand delivery (e.g.: 2 l/min cf will be compared to dd level 2).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * copd patients (gold stage iii to iv) with hypoxemia at rest or during exercise (pao2\<60mmhg) * participation in an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program (schön klinik bgl) * written informed consent exclusion criteria: * general exclusion criteria for exercise tests, e.g. acute coronary syndrome, acute myo- or pericarditis, acute lung embolism, pulmonary infarction, acute uncontrolled heart insufficiency * signs of acute exacerbation * any orthopedic or neurological disabilities that prevent patient from walking

Keywords: copd incremental shuttle walk test endurance shuttle walk test oxygen therapy
peer learning and hbb in managing maternal newborn and child health emergencies in rural uganda

Conditions: Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Emergencies

Summary: the aim of this study is to test an intervention that has potential to improve acute care skills and confidence related to safe delivery and newborn care for mid-level health providers in uganda by the development of a 'mobile' simulation package including scale-up materials based upon research evidence. in this randomized study investigators will compare the impact of a peer learning package on skills, knowledge and team work regarding newborn care among health workers in rural south western uganda.

the aim of this study is to test an intervention that has potential to improve acute care skills and confidence related to safe delivery and newborn care for mid-level health providers in uganda by the development of a 'mobile' simulation package including scale-up materials based upon research evidence. in this randomized study investigators will compare the impact of a peer learning package on skills, knowledge and team work regarding newborn care among health workers in rural south western uganda. the cluster randomized study will have two arms; intervention arm receives peer learning program. in this program, two health workers at the same health facility teach each other using case scenarios. the case scenarios will be based on common neonatal conditions such as neonatal sepsis, hypothermia and prematurity. the two study arms will both receive training on hbb and essential care for every baby (eceb)

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * health workers involved in performing deliveries of mothers at health center ivs and iiis (i.e, county and subcounty level) exclusion criteria: * health facilities based in municipalities, urban dwellings
efficacy of surgical glove-compression therapy as a prevention of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy

Conditions: Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Summary: the aim of this randomized controlled trial (rct) is to compare the incidence of paclitaxel-induced grade 2 or higher sensory peripheral neuropathy, evaluated using the ctcae version 5.0, between patients receiving surgical glove-compression therapy (sgct) and those in the control group. the main question is whether sgct is effective in preventing paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy. * intervention group: receive sgct. * control group: receive non-compressive plastic gloves.

1. the study aims to test the hypothesis that sgct is effective in preventing paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. 2. the primary objective is to determine the incidence of grade 2 or higher paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy, assessed using the ctcae version 5.0. secondary objectives include evaluating the incidence of grade 2 or higher paclitaxel-induced motor peripheral neuropathy using ctcae version 5.0, the functional assessment of cancer therapy/gynecologic oncology group - neurotoxicity (fact/gog-ntx) score, the incidence of grade d or higher paclitaxel-induced sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy as measured by the patient neurotoxicity questionnaire (pnq), and the outcomes from the monofilament test. 3. sample size formula based on bernard r. fundamentals of biostatistics. 5th ed. duxbery: thomson learning; 2000. enrollment of 36 patients. 4. randomization into two groups. the intervention arm will receive sgct, while the control arm will receive non-compressive plastic gloves. the duration of treatment is 9 weeks. 5. enrollment and data monitoring are assessed by staff at the oncology unit, rajavithi hospital, and the data will be recorded in a computer-based information system. 6. data assessment will be conducted on weeks 0, 3, 6, and 9 during the chemotherapy treatment. 7. data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * signed informed consent form * age 18 years or older at the time of signing informed consent form * patients with any pathological diagnosis of solid tumor, such as breast cancer or lung cancer * patients scheduled to be receiving intravenous paclitaxel or paclitaxel-based regimen every 3 weeks exclusion criteria: * patients whose received chemotherapeutic agents that could cause neuropathy, e.g. taxane-based or platinum-based chemotherapy and anti-microtubule * history of neuropathy * history of carpal tunnel syndrome * history of allergic reactions to latex or gloves * patients receiving treatments that may treat neuropathy, e.g. amitriptyline, gabapentin, acetyl l-carnitine and ganglioside-monosialic acid, acupuncture, cryotherapy or exercise therapy * history of raynaud phenomenon * history of wounds or large scars on hands * pregnancy or breastfeeding * history of poorly controlled diabetes; hba1c\>6.5

Keywords: paclitaxel surgical glove-compression therapy peripheral neuropathy
influence of respiratory gases conditioning on aerosol delivery during invasive ventilation

Conditions: Brain Injuries, Traumatic

Summary: the intention is to enroll a specific sample of intubated patients. to compare the effect of respiratory gas conditioning on lung deposition and considering the well-known influences of lung pathology on lung deposition, intubated patients with healthy lungs will be included. postoperative neurosurgery ventilated patients respond perfectly to this criteria. a previous study including 17 postoperative neurosurgery patients was performed in 2013 with a perfect collaboration between the icu and the department of neurosurgery and anesthesiology.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged 18 years or older * postoperative neurosurgery intubated patients admitted for brain neurosurgery in the icu (intensive care neuro-traumatologic and toxicologic)- with a healthy lung function. * signed and dated informed consent should be obtained in accordance of local regulations. exclusion criteria: * spine neurosurgery * history of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease * extubation immediately after surgery * modification of the allocated humidification technique before or during the nebulization (heated-humidifier deficiency or safety concern) * inaccurate quantification of aerosol deposition (i.e., artifacts or overlap of tracheal and pulmonary deposition).
exoneuromusculoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke

Conditions: Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Summary: a new clothing robotic arm was developed for multi-joint coordinated upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. patients after stroke will be recruited to evaluate the rehabilitation effectiveness of the device assisted upper limb rehabilitation. both patients with chronic stroke and subacute stroke will be investigated.

a new robotic arm, named mobile exo-neuro-musculo-skeleton, was developed for upper limb rehabilitation. the system integrated the advantages of exoskeleton, soft robot, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. it is noninvasive, light in weight, comfortable to wear, and can support the motions at the elbow, the wrist and the fingers. the device is a mobile system interfaced with a mobile app by a user. the device assisted upper limb rehabilitation will be applied to inpatients with subacute stroke. the rehabilitation effects on the motor restoration in the upper limb will be compared with the conventional physical and occupational therapies. the rehabilitation effects of the device assisted training also will be evaluated on patients with chronic stroke. the motor improvements after training will be investigated by comparing the pre- and post- clinical assessments. it is hypothesized that the device assisted upper limb rehabilitation will be effective in both subacute and chronic patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: for the subacute groups: * two weeks after the onset of stroke, however less than 0.5 year * mini-mental state examination (mmse)\>21 * able to sit up for at least 1 hour * fugl-meyer assessment (fma) upper limb \<30 * modified ashworth score (mas) at the elbow, wrist and fingers \<3 * detectable emg on the target driving muscles (i.e., 3 times of the standard deviation above the baseline) for the chronic device assisted group: * at least 0.5 year after the onset of stroke * mini-mental state examination (mmse)\>21 * able to sit up for at least 1 hour * fugl-meyer assessment (fma) upper limb \<30 * modified ashworth score (mas) at the elbow, wrist and fingers \<3 * detectable emg on the target driving muscles (i.e., 3 times of the standard deviation above the baseline) exclusion criteria: subjects will be excluded if they do not meet the above inclusion criteria, or had the following conditions: * currently pregnant * dysphasia (language deficiency) * post-stroke neglect * pacemaker implantation, * involved in drug studies, other clinical trials, or concurrent medication/occupational/physical treatments on the upper limb * the overall medical condition not suitable for the training (e.g., severe cardiac problem, unstable blood pressure, etc.).

Keywords: stroke upper limb joint coordination
prospective electronic polygenic risk study

Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: this study will investigate the role of polygenic risk scores (prs) in preventive health.

this study will investigate the role of polygenic risk scores (prs) in preventive health. specifically, the purpose of this study is to determine whether knowledge of the degree of coronary artery disease (cad) genetic risk, as measured and conveyed by a prs, influences patient and physician decision-making during short-term (6 month) and long-term (2 year) follow-up. the initial findings of this study will be used to plan an expanded second phase study with the purpose of prospectively validating that these decision-making changes lead to improvements in clinical outcomes.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 45 ≥ age \< 65 * ascvd risk score \> 7.5% as defined by the standard pooled cohort equation * access to and ability to use a smartphone exclusion criteria: * prior diagnosis of coronary disease as defined by prior myocardial infarction (stemi or nstemi), or revascularization (stent or coronary artery bypass grafting) * cerebrovascular disease with history of ischemic stroke, tia, carotid endarterectomy, carotid artery stenting * peripheral arterial disease with history of claudication, revascularization (stents or bypass) * current and active high-intensity statin prescription (rosuvastatin 20 mg, rosuvastatin 40 mg, atorvastatin 40 mg and atorvastatin 80 mg) * anti-pcsk9 therapy * lipid apheresis therapy * currently enrolled in a clinical trial for lipid lowering therapy * known statin intolerance to 2 or more statins in the past