Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine sedation in intubated mechanically ventilated infants with respiratory failure

Conditions: Sedation

Summary: dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-agonist with hypnotic, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. despite off-label administration, dexmedetomidine has found a niche in critically ill mechanically ventilated neonates and infants because of its minimal effects on respiratory function at sedative doses, facilitating early extubation and fast-track postoperative care.

critically ill children require sedation for comfort and to facilitate mechanical ventilation and interventions. the ideal sedative agent for use in critically ill children has to be effective and short-acting, of rapid onset of action, lacks active metabolites, does not accumulate in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction, has minimal to no cardiovascular or respiratory adverse effects, and has few drug interactions. dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-agonist with hypnotic, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. despite off-label administration, dexmedetomidine has found a niche in critically ill mechanically ventilated neonates and infants because of its minimal effects on respiratory function at sedative doses, facilitating early extubation and fast-track postoperative care. the only fda approved indication of dexmedetomidine is sedation of intubated mechanically ventilated adults for less than 24h. however, the literature is full of many research studies that investigated the use off-lable use of dexmedetomidine for sedation more than 24h in both adult and pediatric population and proved its safety and effectiveness. the aim of this study will be to investigate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in two different doses in sedation for critically ill mechanically ventilated infants with respiratory failure for 72h duration.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * infants (1-12 months). * respiratory failure/ * requiring picu admission and mechanical ventilation up to 72h. exclusion criteria: * significant renal, hepatic, endocrine or metabolic disease. * 2nd or 3rd degree heart block. * hypotension or bradycardia (defined as any value outside the normal range from the patient's age).
study to test a marketed product in the treatment of migraine-associated nausea

Conditions: Migraine

Summary: study to test the effectiveness of a marketed drug in the treatment of migraine-associated nausea.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 6-month history of migraine, moderate to severe migraine attacks with nausea, 1-6 migraine attacks per month exclusion criteria: * heart disease, high blood pressure
a long-term safety and tolerability study of alks 3831 in adults with schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the long term safety and tolerability of alks 3831 in subjects with schizophrenia.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subject has completed the 4-week treatment period (all visits up to and including end of treatment visit) in the antecedent study alk3831-a305 within 7 days. * agrees to use an acceptable method of contraception for the duration of the study. * additional criteria may apply. exclusion criteria: * subject is currently taking medications that are contraindicated with olanzapine use. * subject has a positive test for drugs of abuse at study entry. * subject is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding during the study. * additional criteria may apply.

Keywords: alkermes alks 3831 samidorphan schizophrenia safety
the use of virtual reality glasses to reduce anxiety in fixed orthodontic treatments in children aged 10-15 years

Conditions: Anxiety

Summary: this study aims to manage anxiety and fear experienced by young patients during orthodontic treatments through the use of virtual reality glasses, ensuring a more comfortable procedural experience. the study included twenty-six patients who visited the faculty of dentistry. thirteen patients in the study group were shown animation through virtual reality glasses during the procedure. the 13 patients in the control group underwent standard treatment procedures without virtual reality glasses. both groups were asked questions from the casi and trait anxiety inventory at the beginning of the procedure, state anxiety inventory at the beginning and at the end of the procedure, and pulse rate, saturation and vas values were recorded. the implementation of virtual reality glasses in orthodontic treatments has been shown to effectively manage anxiety by distracting patients from what is actually happening. this study shows that virtual reality goggles reduce the anxiety experienced by patients during orthodontic treatment. these results offer a different treatment process that can increase treatment comfort in clinical practice.

orthodontic treatments are treatments that have less knowledge and experience among patients compared to other dental procedures, and therefore have a more uncertain process for patients. the tools and materials used in orthodontic treatments also differ from the materials that patients are familiar with using in other dental procedures. patients aged 10-15 years were identified as an age group in which fixed orthodontic treatment could be started for the age range of our study group, who had less experience in dental treatments compared to adults, and therefore the level of anxiety was mostly higher. in addition, it has been observed that the bracket placement session, which is the first session of fixed orthodontic treatment, is longer than the sessions in which other orthodontic procedures are performed, and during this period, patients in the age group we have chosen tend to question the remaining time and want to check their mobile phones, and it is believed that virtual reality (vr) glasses can be utilized to enhance the comfort of the procedure.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children who needed and accepted fixed orthodontic treatment, * children who had not received orthodontic treatment before * children who did not have any psychiatric or systemic disorders exclusion criteria: * children who had previously undergone orthodontic treatment * children with psychiatric or systemic disorders.

Keywords: virtual reality orthodontics anxiety pulse oximeter visual analog scale stai casi
bevacizumab and vasoconstriction

Conditions: Hypertension; Cancer

Summary: rationale: the introduction of angiogenesis inhibitors has remarkably improved treatment of patients with several types of cancer. one of the most common side effects of angiogenesis inhibitors is hypertension. in patients treated with bevacizumab hypertension had an overall incidence up to 32%. the etiology of hypertension caused by treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors is unclear. objective: to study if arterial bevacizumab infusion causes acute vasoconstriction using plethysmography in healthy volunteers.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male 18-50 years old * normal results of glucose, lipids and creatinine * informed consent exclusion criteria: * history of abuse of drugs or alcohol * history of malignant disease * first degree relatives with a history of cancer before the age of 50 * first degree relatives with a history of premature cardiovascular disease * current use of medication * clinical evidence of cardiac of pulmonary disease * hypertension ( systolic\>140mmhg, diastolic \>90mmhg) * diabetes mellitus * smoking * a history of thombosis or a family history of recurrent thrombosis * abnormality on ecg
chronic sleep deprivation among the poor: a lab-in-the-field approach

Conditions: Blood Pressure; Depression

Summary: a large body of medical research has shown that sleep deprivation adversely affects outcomes ranging from cognitive function to pain sensitivity and cardiovascular function. much of this evidence comes from sleep labs in the developed world, where sleep can be carefully manipulated, and short-run physiological and cognitive outcomes precisely measured. in contrast, there is much less knowledge about how sleep deprivation affects the health of individuals in the developing world, coming from a lack of studies outside the lab and over longer periods. this project aims to fill this gap. the investigators will implement a randomized controlled trial (rct) with 450 low-income adults in chennai, india, providing the first objective measurement of sleep in a developing country. the investigators will also evaluate scalable interventions to improve the sleep of poor adults, such as providing home sleep-aid devices and a comfortable space for a 30-minute afternoon nap at the participants' work site. finally, the study aims to assess the impact of improved sleep on health, with a primary focus on cardiovascular health and cognitive outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * unemployed and underemployed adult men and women of working age (see previous age limit) who have worked less than 5 days per week over the last month and earned less than rs. 700 per day over that same period. * participants must live in government board house or in a house with some kind of roof that protect the sleep aids from rain, such as a concrete or a metal or a tarpaulin, ... roof. * have limited experience with typing, and limited knowledge of english. * participants need to speak tamil, the local language, to be able to write numbers and to be able to commit easily to the office. exclusion criteria: * participants who cannot commit to come to the office for the duration of the whole study. * participants who own more than three of the sleep aids that we provide in our sleep kit. * participants who have previously participated in the sleep study. * participants who have children younger than three years old.
chest drain removal intraoperatively after thoracoscopic wedge resection

Conditions: Lung Neoplasms; Lung Surgery; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Fast-track Surgery; Pain; Opioid Use; Remission

Summary: chest drain is used routinely after lung surgery. despite preliminary studies demonstrate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative chest drain removal, these are either retrospective or mainly concerning benign disease. hypothesis: participants treated without post-operative chest tube after thoracoscopic wedge resection have less pain, reduced opioid usage without increasing postoperative complications than participants treated with standard post-operative chest tube, and could possibly be discharged earlier.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≥18 years. * patients referred for elective three port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection of the lung for suspected or confirmed malignant nodules. * first second forced expiratory volume ≥60% of expected. * no increased bleeding risk (e.g. preoperative international normalized ratio \>2, overdue discontinuation of anticoagulants according to guidelines by the danish society for thrombosis and haemostasis, known coagulopathy). * not scheduled for frozen section pathology of wedge resection and subsequent lobectomy. * able and willing to give informed consent. exclusion criteria: * increased risk of post-operative air leak assessed perioperatively by the surgeon (e.g. severe adhesions, bullous/emphysematous lung tissue, defects of the visceral pleura due to iatrogenic or other reasons, suturing in the lung tissue, deep lung resection). * increased risk of post-operative bleeding assessed perioperatively by the surgeon (e.g. intraoperative bleeding or oozing). * air leak during intraoperative air leak test.
ibaila - investigating brains & activity to improve latino aging

Conditions: Sedentary Behavior; Cognitive Impairment

Summary: examine the impact of the bailamos (tm) dance program on lifestyle physical activity

examine the impact of the bailamos (tm) dance program on lifestyle physical activity (pa). hypothesis 1: intervention group will demonstrate greater improvement in lifestyle pa than controls. 2) test the impact of bailamos (tm) on cognitive function and quality of life. hypothesis 2: intervention group will demonstrate greater improvement in cognitive function and quality of life than controls. 3) test the impact of bailamos (tm) on brain network functional connectivity. hypothesis 3: intervention group will demonstrate enhanced default mode network (dmn), executive network (en), and sensorimotor network connectivity vis a vis controls.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 60 years; * latino/hispanic; * ability to speak spanish; * participation in \<150 minutes/week of aerobic exercise; * adequate cognitive status as assessed by the mini mental state examination (\>14/21); * danced \< 2 times/month over the past 12 months; * willingness to be randomly assigned to treatment or control group; * no plans to leave the u.s. \> two weeks during the study. exclusion criteria: * uncontrolled cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus; * pacemaker or metallic implants (infusion pumps, metal prostheses, metallic-backed transdermal patches or metallic shrapnel); - claustrophobia that precludes mri; * stroke within the past year; * healing or unhealed fracture(s); * hip or knee replacement within the past 6 months; * heart failure; * recurrent falls within the past year; * regular use of a walker or wheelchair; * weigh more than 300 pounds, as unable to fit into mri. the easy (resnick et al., 2008) will be used to learn if physician consent is needed for program enrollment.
a brief cognitive intervention after intrusive memories of trauma with young refugees

Conditions: Intrusive Memories of Trauma, Symptom of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Criterion B1)

Summary: this research study is designed to investigate the use of a simple cognitive task (a memory cue and 10 minute time gap, followed by playing the computer game "tetris") for decreasing the number of intrusive memories of trauma among young refugees and asylum seekers. the design is a single case experimental ab design with or without optional replication (abab). participants will aim to complete a no-intervention phase ('a': baseline phase) of one week followed by a one-week intervention phase ('b'), including a one-session intervention with a researcher comprising the simple cognitive task, followed by instructions to continue to use the technique self-guided in the subsequent week. follow ups are conducted after each week to monitor the occurrence of intrusive memories of trauma in a pen-and-paper diary. it is predicted that participants will report fewer intrusive memories during the intervention phase than during the preceding baseline phase.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * refugee or asylum seeker * experiencing intrusive memories of trauma * have access to a smartphone * able to speak or read the study material in swedish, english or arabic * able to attend three meetings with a researcher exclusion criteria: * exhibit psychotic symptoms or other symptoms of severe mental illness
coupled inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in children with bronchial asthma

Conditions: Bronchial Asthma

Summary: this study was designed to assess the effect of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in the same cycle on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary functions, perception of asthma symptoms in children with bronchial asthma. fifty-one children with bronchial asthma were randomly allocated to the unloaded respiratory muscle training (placebo training group; n = 17), inspiratory muscle training alone (inspiratory muscle training group; n = 17), or combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in the same cycle (combined training group; n = 17). all groups were assessed for respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary functions, and asthma symptoms.

fifty-one children with bronchial asthma were recruited from king khalid hospital, al-kharj, saudi arabia. the study included children who had a confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma according to the global initiative for asthma guidelines, aged 12-18 years, identified as being stable cases, had a baseline percent-predicted value of the peak expiratory flow rate of 60-80%, sustained stale doses of medications in the past three months. children who had unstable asthma or exacerbated asthma symptoms, history of thoracic surgery, or cardiopulmonary comorbidities were excluded. outcome measures 1. respiratory muscle strength: assessed by measuring the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure using an electronic respiratory pressure meter. 2. pulmonary function: the forced vital capacity (fvc), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (fev1), and fev1/fvc ratio, were measured in a pulmonary function test through a spirometry analyzer. 3. control of asthma symptoms: asthma symptoms were assessed using a translated version of the asthma control test. all groups received the conventional respiratory re-training program, three times a week, for 12 weeks in succession. the placebo group additionally received unloaded respiratory muscle training, the inspiratory muscle training group received respiratory muscle training alone, and the combined group received combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in the same cycle. interventions were conducted by a licensed physical therapist who had experience of more than 10 years of respiratory training.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * confirmed diagnosis of asthma according to global initiative of asthma guidelines. * age between 12 and 18 years. * clinically stable asthma. * stable doses of medications in the last three months * a percent-predicted value of the peak expiratory flow rate of 60-80% * no activity limitation due to asthma exclusion criteria: * unstable asthma * exacerbation of asthma symptoms * history of thoracic surgery * cognitive/behavioral problems * cardiopulmonary co-morbidities

Keywords: chronic respiratory diseases respiratory therapy chest physiotherapy pulmonary functions asthma respiratory muscle training
heparin and the reduction of thrombosis (hart) trial

Conditions: Thrombosis

Summary: heparin is frequently used in central venous catheters (cvcs) in post-operative cardiac patients. it remains unclear if a heparin infusion, compared to a normal saline infusion, prevents thrombosis of cvcs after surgery. this study will answer the question: does a low-dose heparin infusion (10 units/kg/h) prevent thrombosis, compared to a normal saline infusion, in patients less than one year of age after cardiac surgery?

patients are contacted pre-operatively and their parents consented. the following criteria apply: inclusion criteria: all infants \< 1 year of age undergoing cardiac surgery at lucile packard children's hospital exclusion criteria: known coagulopathy history of clinically significant bleeding (gi, cranial, pulmonary) need for therapeutic heparinization ecmo randomization and blinding are performed in the pharmacy. the intervention is initiated at the intensive care unit physician's discretion, generally within the 1st 24 hours post-operatively. the study is terminated when all catheters have been discontinued or at pod #14, whichever occurs first. thrombosis is demonstrated by echocardiogram or ultrasound performed at 1 - 3 days, 5 - 7 days, and 10 - 14 days after initiation of the study drug. the following are calculations for statistical analysis: sample size determination - using 2 - sided alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.2, and assuming a baseline thrombosis incidence of 20%, 160 patients are required to detect an effect size of 15%.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all infants \< 1 year of age undergoing cardiac surgery at lucile packard children's hospital \& #xa exclusion criteria: * known coagulopathy * history of clinically significant bleeding (gi, cranial, pulmonary) * need for therapeutic heparinization * ecmo
the efficiency of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

Conditions: Anorexia Nervosa

Summary: the main goal of the study (a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study) is to determine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) on the mental state and advances in nutritional rehabilitation in patients with an. the primary hypothesis assumes that tdcs will reduce the symptoms of depression, improve cognition functions and it will have a positive effect on the reduction of restriction related to body weight and diet.

the aim of the study is to assess the effect of tdcs stimulation on psychological and biological factors in patient suffering for an with particular attention to the safety of such additional therapy. transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) is a non-invasive and currently considered safe method of neurostimulation. it is based on the use of direct current of very low intensity, up to 2000ua-2ma, and supplying it to the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. in this way, the polarity of the cell membranes of neurons is induced, and this influences changes in the cortical excitation of the brain. results confirming the efficacy of such a therapeutic approach would provide support for the introduction of brain stimulations as a valuable part of treatment in psychiatric wards but also as a part of home-based treatment. the protocol was developed by a multidisciplinary researcher team of a psychiatrist, psychologist, psychotherapist and nutritionists. thanks to this, it is possible to evaluate the progress taking place in various fields. to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first intervention study assessing the efficacy of tdcs in an taking into account not only psychological tests, but also biochemical markers (including levels of neurotrophins) or the electrical activity of the brain.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * signed written informed consent form, * patients aged 13-25 years old, * meet the dsm-5 criteria for an, * body mass index (bmi) ≤ 17,5 kg/m2, * a willingness and motivation to follow the study protocol. exclusion criteria: * not giving informed, written consent * diagnosis of neurological diseases, as epilepsy; * contraindications to tdcs, ie. pacemakers, metal parts around the head; * psychiatric comorbidities (except specific personality disorder) including mental retardation, organic brain dysfunction, or addiction (except nicotine and caffeine); * pregnancy or pregnancy planning; * changes in psychopharmacotherapy during hospitalization

Keywords: anorexia nervosa brain stimulation eating disorders left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation
intraosseous infusion for neonatal asphyxiated resuscitation

Conditions: Asphyxia Neonatorum

Summary: intraosseous infusion is better than umbilical vein infusion for neonatal asphyxiated resuscitation


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * newborns who need resucitation exclusion criteria: -