Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
cathelicidin and vitamin d: impact on populations at-risk and with copd

Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Summary: this proposal will evaluate a potential mechanism of increased risk of lung function impairment, cathelicidin levels, as well as determine if vitamin d replacement can alter this pathway. this study will improve the understanding of factors which can lead to chronic lung disease. if effective, this application would also provide the justification to study vitamin d as a therapy to improve lung health.

understanding mechanisms leading to decrements in lung function, the physiologic hallmark of obstructive lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), are necessary to inform interventions to improve lung health. the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, and its primary regulator vitamin d, has been implicated in development and progression of chronic lung disease. in this study, the investigators will evaluate the effect of oral vitamin d supplementation on lung cathelicidin levels in humans. cathelicidin has bactericidal and inflammatory activities in the lung and is regulated by vitamin d levels. the investigators hypothesize that oral vitamin d supplementation will raise cathelicidin levels in the pulmonary compartment, thereby restoring lung cathelicidin deficiency. to test this hypothesis, the investigators will recruit from two ongoing cohort studies: 1) at johns hopkins, the subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in copd study study and 2)at university of north carolina at chapel hill pulmonary and general medicine clinic. the investigators will measure blood and lung lavage cathelicidin levels in 40 vitamin d insufficient individuals (20 from each cohort) before and after eight weeks of oral vitamin d supplementation to determine the effect of vitamin d supplementation on cathelicidin levels.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * men and women age 18-65 who are current or former smokers * serum calcium\<10.5mg/dl * 25-hydroxy vitamin d (ohd)\<20 ng/ml * creatinine clearance ≥60 ml/min as estimated by the cockcroft-gault equation * women of reproductive potential with negative serum or urine pregnancy test and subjects must refrain from participating in a conception process and subject/partner must use at least 2 reliable forms of contraceptives for the duration of the study * for participants with copd, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1) greater than 50% predicted. * for smokers, current cigarette use (defined as regularly smoking 5 cigarettes per day) exclusion criteria: * current use of vitamin d supplements * known allergy/sensitivity or any hypersensitivity to components of study drugs or their formulations * pregnancy or currently breast-feeding * history of nephrolithiasis * hiv positive serostatus * continuous oxygen use \>2 liters/min via nasal cannula * any condition that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would compromise the subject's ability to participate in the study.

Keywords: cathelicidin vitamin d
pharmaceutical care for asthma control improvement (pharmaci)-study

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: the objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and cost-effectivity of pharmaceutical care for asthma patients.

the objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and cost-effectivity of pharmaceutical care for asthma patients. patients will be randomly allocated to the control group (= no input from pharmacist) or intervention group (= with pharmaceutical care at baseline and follow-up visits over 6 months).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with persistent asthma * asthma treatment for at least 12 months * regular visitors of the participating community pharmacy exclusion criteria: * severe co-morbidity * \> 10 pack-years smoking history * asthma control test score \< 15 or =25
armor1: study of tok-001 to treat castration resistant prostate cancer

Conditions: Prostate Cancer

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether tok-001 is safe and shows biological effect in the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (crpc).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * signed informed consent form * confirmed cancer of the prostate * progressing disease in spite of androgen ablation therapy * able to swallow multiple capsules exclusion criteria: * participation in another clinical trial \< 4 weeks prior to enrollment * metastatic disease with one or more of the following: * liver involvement * bone pain associated with confirmed evidence of metastases * non-hepatic visceral involvement * the following medications: * prior treatment with mdv3100, abiraterone, provenge or tak700 * prior treatment with ketoconazole * prior treatment with chemotherapy * prior radiation therapy completed ≤ 4 weeks prior to enrollment * the following medical conditions: * active angina pectoris * history of hepatitis b or hepatitis c * known hiv infection * ongoing hypertension note: there are additional inclusion and exclusion criteria. the clinical site center will determine if you are eligible. if you are not eligible for the trial, site staff will detail the reasons to you.

Keywords: crpc hrpc tok-001 armor armor1 esl galeterone
sevoflurane vs nitrous oxide inhalation at subanesthetic concentrations - 11

Conditions: Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders

Summary: the purpose of this study is to conduct experiments to examine subjective and reinforcing effects of nitrous oxide. mood altering and psychomotor effects will be tested on non-drug abusers and preference procedures will be used to assess reinforcing effects. comparisons between nitrous oxide, opiates, and benzodiazepine antagonists will be made. to examine sevoflurane versus isoflurane inhalation at subanesthetic concentrations on mood, pain, and psychomotor performance.


Eligibility criteria:
please contact site for information.

Keywords: sevoflurane nitrous oxide subjective effects healthy volunteer
effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion and magnesium infusion on the functional recovery after general anesthesia in the patients undergoing breast mastectomy

Conditions: Breast Cancer

Summary: postsurgical pain is a relevant side effect following surgery which increases the risk of various complications and delays postoperative patient recovery. among the many types of surgeries, mastectomy causes not only acute but also chronic pain in many patients. therefore, it is important to control pain and increase patients' recovery satisfaction following many kinds of operations by using as small an opioid analgesic dose as possible and adding a nonopioid analgesic to reduce the side effects of narcotic analgesics. among nonopioid analgesics, lidocaine and magnesium are drawing attention, having been shown to be helpful in controlling postoperative pain by lowering pain hypersensitivity to surgical stimuli. an intraoperative intravenous injection of lidocaine has been reported to improve postoperative pain control by reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption. another report showed that an intraoperative intravenous injection of lidocaine improved the quality of postoperative functional recovery after general anesthesia in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy patient. in addition, a review article on the effect of intraoperative intravenous injection of magnesium found it to be an effective analgesic that may be added to conventional opioid-based therapy because it generally reduces opioid consumption, decreases pain assessment for 24 hours after surgery, and lacks severe side effects in relation to magnesium administration. however, there has been insufficient research comparing the intraoperative intravenous injection of lidocaine or magnesium in terms of which is more helpful for general functional recovery and decreased postoperative pain. recently, the scope of research on anesthesia has come to embrace postanesthetic recovery; to help patients return to daily life, the research trend is now shifting from the improvement or resolution of a specific symptom to the measurement of general recovery. a widely used method to measure postoperative recovery is the quality of recovery 40 (qor-40) survey. therefore, in this study, the researchers investigated the intraoperative intravenous injection of lidocaine and the intravenous injection of magnesium to compare these drugs' helpfulness in the functional recovery of mastectomy patients after general anesthesia.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: -patients aged between 20 and 65 who have undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer and of american society of anesthesiologists (asa) physical status class 1 or class 2 exclusion criteria: * patients experiencing pain for any cause or taking an analgesic * pregnant patients * patients with severe heart, kidney, or liver disease * patients with a psychiatric or neurological disorder * patients with a contraindication or allergic response to lidocaine * patients with a contraindication or allergic response to magnesium

Keywords: lidocaine magnesium mastectomy functional recovery
compare of effectiveness cycled light or near darkness on growth parameters in preterm infants

Conditions: Compare of Effectiveness Cycled Light and Near Darkness on Growth in Preterm Infants

Summary: infants are exposed to either continuous bright light continuous near darkness or unstructured combination of the two. the investigators primary objective is to determine the effectiveness cycled light and near darkness on growth in preterm infants.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * \<32 gestational weeks preterm infants exclusion criteria: * major congenital anomaly * small for gestation age * grade iii-iv intracranial hemorrhage

Keywords: cycled light, near darkness, growth
a cold physical treatment to manage insulin resistance

Conditions: Insulin Resistance; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinemia; Diabetes; Obesity

Summary: insulin resistant volunteers will choose to undergo an 8-week cold treatment, 2 hours per day, to selective regions of the body enriched with brown fat including neck, supraclavicular and interscapular regions) in combination with electroacupuncture (ea). their insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid homeostasis will be measured. the brown fat activation will be assessed by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (pet/ct)-scans and/or serum marker measurements.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi: 20-30 * insulin resistant exclusion criteria: * uncontrolled hypertension * insulin dependent diabetics * heart diseases * hyperthyroidism * secondary obesity * surgical operation within treatment or planned in two months * pregnancy * anemia * liver or kidney failure * cancer
a pilot study on the using a newer computed tomography (ct) based technique for the detection of altered bowel blood flow among patients suffering from chronic mesenteric ischemia during meal digestion.

Conditions: Bowel; Ischemic, Chronic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Dual-energy CT

Summary: chronic meseteric ischemia (cmi) is a disease characterized by an insufficient blood supply to the intestines due to a narrowing (stenosis) of one or multiple intestinal arteries. the primary symptom is abdominal pain especially during meal digestion. currently the diagnosis of cmi is heavily reliant on the exclusion of differential diagnoses. with this study we wish to evaluate whether a newer ct technology called dual-energy ct (dect) may be able to visualize this altered blood flow during meal consumption.

cmi is a relatively rare condition mainly affecting elderly patients \>60 years old. cmi is characterized by an insufficient blood supply to the intestines due to a narrowing (stenosis) of one or multiple intestinal arteries. the main symptoms associated with cmi are abdominal pain following mealtimes and weight loss. diagnosis for cmi is difficult as \>10% of all elderly patients have stenotic changes in their intestinal arteries, however only a fraction of these patients are symptomatic. the diagnosis of cmi is therefore mainly based on the clinical history and evaluation. the challenging diagnosis is most likely the main contributing factor to why five to 19% of patients experience no symptomatic relief following surgical treatment. the surgical treatment consists of either open surgical bypass or, more commonly, endovascular stent placement, opening the stenotic artery. endovascular stent placement for patients with symptomatic cmi is a common procedure at the department of diagnostic radiology and department of vascular surgery, rigshospitalet, with approximately 60 patients undergoing the procedure annually. patients undergo a preoperative ct scan including a non-contrast and arterial phase scan to evaluate the abdominal arterial vessels and the degree of stenosis, however the bowel wall is not routinely evaluated. this is mainly due to the fact that mesenteric blood flow is adequate during times of fasting, however insufficient blood flow may occur at times of peak demand i.e. during digestion of a meal. dect has shown improved conspicuity for bowel ischemia using monoenergetic images and allows for iodine selective maps which have been used in the evaluation of pulmonary emboli. to our knowledge, there are no current studies that have investigated applications of dect in the evaluation of cmi. we intend to investigate whether it is possible to visualize bowel hypoperfusion using dect following administration of a standardized meal.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosed cmi patients planned for endovascular stent placement treatment exclusion criteria: * noncomplete dataset * allergies to contrast agents * suboptimal ct images * issues related to the administration of the calorie drink
comparative effectiveness of cet vs. sst in smi (serious mental illness)

Conditions: Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

Summary: to compare two evidence-based treatments, cognitive enhancement therapy (cet) and social skills training (sst) that have been shown in meta-analyses and in our own research to be effective to improve community functioning. the investigators will test the impact of cet and sst on community functioning, with special attention to their relative effectiveness for patients differing in baseline cognitive skills and age. the research uses a cluster design in which different mental health service centers are randomized to one of the two treatments.

aim 1. we will test our hypothesis that cet will be associated with greater improvements than sst in both the primary outcome: community functioning (sas, qls), and the secondary outcomes of neuro- and social cognition (nih toolbox, penncnb, and msceit) and social skills (sspa). for study aim 1, we hypothesized that cet will be associated with greater improvements than sst in both the primary outcome: community functioning (sas, qls), and the secondary outcomes of neuro- and social cognition (selected nih toolbox and penn cnb measures, and msceit) and social skills (sspa). aim 2: we will explore differential effectiveness of the two interventions by baseline cognitive functioning and age. for aim 2, we hypothesize that patients with less impairment in cognitive functioning at baseline will demonstrate relatively larger treatment gains in sst compared to those in cet than those who are initially more cognitively impaired, and that younger patients will benefit more from cet compared to those in sst than those who are older. the results of this study will address a key knowledge gap in the field and a decisional dilemma for clinicians. a pilot study at four treatment sites will be used to test the feasibility and acceptability of telementalhealth delivery of these two treatments, as compared to in-person delivery.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 to 65; 2. dsm-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder (confirmed via the mini diagnostic interview); 3. estimated iq of \> 70 (established via wtar). exclusion criteria: 1. the presence of a current organic brain syndrome; 2. intellectual disability (dsm-5); 3. participation in either cet or sst within the prior year.

Keywords: cognitive functioning social skills community functioning
an oct-guided variable dosing regimen with ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular amd

Conditions: Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration

Summary: this study was designed to evaluate a variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (amd) in the prospective oct imaging of patients with neovascular amd treated with intra-ocular ranibizumab (pronto) study.

in this 2-year open-label, prospective, single-center, uncontrolled, investigator sponsored clinical study, neovascular amd patients with subfoveal cnv (n=40) and a central retinal thickness of at least 300 µm as measured by optical coherence tomography (oct) were enrolled to receive 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (0.5 mg). thereafter, retreatment with ranibizumab was performed if one of the following changes were observed between visits: a loss of 5 letters in conjunction with fluid in the macula as detected by oct, an increase in oct central retinal thickness of at least 100 μm, new onset classic cnv, new macular hemorrhage, or persistent macular fluid following an injection of ranibizumab at the prior study visit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 50 years or older * active primary or recurrent macular neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (amd) involving the central fovea in the study eye with evidence of disease progression * oct central retinal thickness ≥ 300 microns * best corrected visual acuity, using etdrs charts, of 20/40 to 20/400 (snellen equivalent) in the study eye exclusion criteria: * more than 3 prior treatments with verteporfin photodynamic therapy * previous participation in a clinical trial (for either eye) involving antiangiogenic drugs (pegaptanib, ranibizumab, anecortave acetate, protein kinase c inhibitors) * previous subfoveal focal laser photocoagulation in the study eye * laser photocoagulation (juxtafoveal or extrafoveal) in the study eye within 1 month preceding day 0 * subfoveal fibrosis or atrophy in the study eye * history of vitrectomy surgery in the study eye * aphakia or absence of the posterior capsule in the study eye * history of idiopathic or autoimmune-associated uveitis in either eye

Keywords: neovascularization age-related macular degeneration ranibizumab (lucentis) optical coherence tomography intravitreal injection
relationship between repetitive negative thinking and cbt outcomes

Conditions: Anxiety Disorders; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; Social Anxiety Disorder; Specific Phobia; Panic Disorder; Body Dysmorphic Disorders

Summary: the goal of this observational study is to learn about the role of repetitive negative thinking (measured by the rtq) in adult populations from an anxiety disorders and trauma clinic. the main questions it aims to answer are: * whether the repetitive negative thinking can be used to predict i. initial symptom severity, and ii. therapy outcome (measured by change in scores on disorder specific measures). * whether change in rtq mediates change in outcome participants are sent weekly questionnaires that measure their progress. within these questionnaires are the rtq and other disorder-specific measures that we will be analysing. researchers may also compare clients with different disorders to see the accuracy the rtq can predict treatment outcomes for each disorder.

we are looking to examine how repetitive negative thinking (rnt; i.e. rumination and worry), measured by the repetitive thinking questionnaire (rtq), affects the outcomes of cognitive behavioural therapy (cbt) for anxiety and trauma disorders. our study will involve looking over data collected from clients who completed treatment at the centre for anxiety disorders and trauma (cadat) from 01/01/2022 to 31/03/2024, we will look at data from before they started treatment, whilst in treatment and once they completed treatment. this is an important issue to address as there is little guidance within existing cbt protocols on to how to identify and target rnt during treatment. evidence also suggests that not only does rnt maintain anxiety disorders, but it can also interfere with therapy outcome. research has found that patients receiving cbt for ptsd who displayed high-levels of rumination within their early cbt sessions had poorer outcomes in therapy. our aim is to formally analyse the relationship between scores on the rtq and both symptom severity and cbt treatment outcome for anxiety disorders. this would help us to test our hypotheses about the relationship (i.e. those with high rnt have poorer treatment outcomes and changes in rnt predict outcome across a range of anxiety and trauma disorders) and provide a basis for augmenting our existing treatments with interventions that specifically target this process.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants must have completed a course of cbt treatment at cadat for one of the following anxiety disorders: ocd, ptsd, panic disorder, health anxiety, emetophobia, specific phobia, social phobia, bdd, gad, dpd or hoarding. * participants must have completed regular questionnaires throughout their treatment. exclusion criteria: * participants who dropped out of treatment * participants who did not complete online questionnaires.

Keywords: rumination ruminative thinking questionnaire (rtq-10) cognitive beavioural therapy (cbt) outcomes