Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
hand-carried ultrasound to assess hydronephrosis

Conditions: Hydronephrosis; Ultrasound; Acute Kidney Injury

Summary: this study evaluates if trainees can accurately rule out dilation of the renal collecting system on ultrasound (hydronephrosis) using hand-carried ultrasound (hcu). trainees will undergo a short ultrasound training program. patients will be adults that are hospitalized and have acute or subacute kidney dysfunction. the investigators will assess sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of hcu compared to radiology performed ultrasound, and calculate potential cost savings to the patient and to the healthcare system.

hand-carried ultrasound is an increasingly popular imaging modality and is widely used by emergency physicians, intensivists, trauma doctors and cardiologists. renal ultrasonography is commonly ordered for patients with acute kidney injury, with a main focus on identifying obstruction of the collecting system, a rare but potentially reversible cause of acute kidney injury. this study's aim is to evaluate if nephrology and internal medicine trainees can accurately rule out dilation of the renal collecting system on ultrasound (hydronephrosis) using hand-carried ultrasound (hcu). trainees will undergo a short, uniform and well described ultrasound training program. patients will be adults that are hospitalized and have acute or subacute kidney dysfunction. the investigators will assess sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of hcu compared to radiology performed ultrasound, and calculate potential cost savings to the patient and to the healthcare system.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age more than 18 years old * inpatient admission to barnes jewish hospital (bjh) * patient has a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (aki) or acute kidney disease (akd) * renal ultrasound ordered or performed within the past 4 hours exclusion criteria: * end-stage renal disease * history of kidney transplant * stable chronic kidney disease * current diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma * pregnant women * morbid obesity (bmi \>40) * rash or active skin lesions overlying the scanning area (left or right flank)
high-intensity training and its effects on neuroplasticity

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis

Summary: regular physical activity is known to reduce the risk for some neurodegenerative disorders and their symptoms. several studies have shown positive effects of therapeutic exercise interventions on motor- and cognitive function as well as psychosocial benefits in persons with multiple sclerosis (ms). to improve exercise recommendations, it is necessary to learn more about the underlying biological mechanisms. a reduction of inflammatory stress through physical exercise has been suspected as one key mechanism, mediating the positive effects of exercise in the context of ms (being a "classical" neuro-inflammatory disease). this randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the influence of two different rehabilitative endurance exercise programs (3x/week moderate vs. vigorous endurance exercise) on (1) (anti-)inflammatory immune signalling and (2) various aspects of participation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * definite diagnosis of ms (according to the revised mcdonald criteria 2010) * expanded disability status scale 3.0 - 6.0 * age \> 21 * relapsing remitting or secondary progressive ms * informed consent as documented by signature exclusion criteria: * contraindications to the class of drugs under study, e.g. known hypersensitivity or allergy to class of drugs or the investigational product, * define drugs not allowed during the study or for specific periods of time prior to the administration of the test dose, * women who are pregnant or breast feeding, * intention to become pregnant during the course of the study, * lack of safe contraception, defined as: female participants of childbearing potential, not using and not willing to continue using a medically reliable method of contraception for the entire study duration, such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices, or who are not using any other method considered sufficiently reliable by the investigator in individual cases. * female participants who are surgically sterilised / hysterectomised or post-menopausal for longer than 2 years are not considered as being of child bearing potential. * other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc.), * known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse, * inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant, * participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study, * previous enrolment into the current study, * enrolment of the investigator, his/her family members, employees and other dependent persons

Keywords: exercise immune signalling cognition health-related quality of life
pediatric pharmacokinetics and safety study of moxidectin

Conditions: Onchocerciasis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to measure the amount of moxidectin in subjects' blood and to measure safety. this study will enroll 36 children aged 4 to 11 years (\>=12 kg) with or without onchocerca volvulus (o volvulus) infection. o volvulus is the nematode, or roundworm, that causes onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. each subject will receive a single dose of 4 mg moxidectin (orally administered) and will be followed inpatient from screening through day 13 and as outpatients through month 6. the study will take place at a single research center.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male or female subjects aged 4 to 11 years, inclusive (weighing \>= 12 kg) * with or without o volvulus infection exclusion criteria: * any major illness/condition that, in the investigator's judgment, will substantially increase the risk associated with the subject's participation in and completion of the study * contraindication or hypersensitivity to moxidectin

Keywords: onchocerciasis; river blindness; moxidectin; pediatric
study of methylnaltrexone in opioid-induced constipation patients

Conditions: Opioid-induced Constipation

Summary: this is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind , placebo-controlled trail to investigate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treating opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness.

methylnaltrexone is a quaternary derivative of the pure opioid antagonists naltrexone. it is fairly lipid soluble and readily cross the blood-brain barrier. this property provides methylnaltrexone with the potential to block the undesired side-effects of opioid pain medications predominantly mediated by receptors located peripherally while sparing opioid effects mediated at receptors in the central nervous system, most importantly analgesia. this is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind , placebo-controlled trail to investigate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treating opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness. the randomization schedule was used to assign patients in a 2:1 ratio to multicenter or an equal volume of placebo administered subcutaneously on alternate days for 2 weeks. the clinical trail was estimated to enroll 180 patients totally.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a life expectancy of 3 month or more * qualifying patients received opioids for analgesia for 1 week or more and a stable regimen of opioids and laxatives for 3 or more days before study entry * patients had opioid-induced constipation with either fewer than three laxation during the preceding week and no clinically meaningful laxation (as determined by the in investigator ) within 24h before the first study dose or no clinically meaningful laxation within 48h before the first study dose * during the two-week trail , patients would keep their life habits (dietary fiber , fluid intake and physical activity) * patients volunteered for the trail * women of childbearing potential had negative pregnancy tests. both male and female patients need to take effective contraceptives to avoid pregnancy. exclusion criteria: * constipation that was not primarily caused by opioids ( as determined by the investigator) * mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction, an indwelling peritoneal catheter, clinically active diverticular disease , fecal impaction , acute surgical abdomen , and fecal ostomy * patients had the surgery plan which would effect the results of pain assessment * patients had hypersensitivity to methylnaltrexone , naltrexone or naloxone or if any investigational drug or experimental product

Keywords: opioid-induced constipation
comparison of balance and fall risk in unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty

Conditions: Knee Arthropathy

Summary: static or dynamic postural control cannot be fully restored in patients with total knee arthroplasty (tka). moreover, deficits in balance and postural control may still be present in both extremity after tka. however, the contralateral knee oa grade, asymmetrical gait pattern, and postural sways still remain a risk factor for balance deficits and falls. based on this rationale, the aim of this study is to evaluate the balance and fall risk before and after tka in patients who suffered from bilateral knee osteoarthritis and to clarify the balance and fall risk difference between unilateral and bilateral tka patients.

falls are one of the leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and are substantial contributor to increase healthcare cost burden. pain, strength deficits, knee joint deformities, balance and proprioceptive impairments associated with severe knee oa, contribute to an increased risk of falling among elderly, and more than 50% of this population experience a fall each year. static or dynamic postural control cannot be fully restored in patients with total knee arthroplasty (tka). moreover, deficits in balance and postural control may still be present in both extremity after tka. increased weight-bearing on the operative side after tka and reduced weight-bearing weight in the contralateral osteoarthritic knee can reduce pain and improve balance-related functions. however, the contralateral knee oa grade, asymmetrical gait pattern, and postural sways still remain a risk factor for balance deficits and falls. based on this rationale, the aim of this study is to evaluate the balance and fall risk before and after tka in patients who suffered from bilateral knee osteoarthritis and to clarify the balance and fall risk difference between unilateral and bilateral tka patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 55 to 85 years, patients with bilateral osteoarthritis, kellgren-lawrence grade 3-4, patients capable of understanding verbal and written instructions. exclusion criteria: * revision tka surgery, american society of anesthesiologists score \>3, neurologic compromise, psychiatric problems, regular hypnotic and/or anxiolytic medication usage, dementia.

Keywords: fall risk balance total knee arthroplasty function
study evaluating gsi-953 in healthy young and alzheimer's patients

Conditions: Alzheimer Disease

Summary: to assess the pharmacodynamics (pd) of biomarkers amyloid beta peptide 40 and 42 (ab40 and ab42) in csf, following single oral doses of gsi-953, an investigational drug, in healthy young subjects and patients with alzheimer disease (ad).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * for healthy young subjects: healthy as determined by the investigator on the basis of medical history, physical examination, clinical laboratory test results, vital signs and 12 lead ecgs. * for ad patients: patients must be generally healthy with the exception of alzheimer disease. (same as above)
prevalence of back pain and associated risk factors in 10-12 year old schoolchildren

Conditions: Low Back Pain

Summary: a large study in mallorca, spain showed that nonspecific low back pain is quite prevalent in adolescents 13-15 years of age (kovacs, 2003). since below the age of seven years hardly any child has suffered low back pain, the purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of low back pain in children 10-12 years of age, and to investigate the risk factors associated with its occurrence.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * schoolchildren born in the years 1993, 1994 or 1995 * attending schools (public, concerted or private) in mallorca * can read and write spanish exclusion criteria: * nor attending class on the days when the study is being done

Keywords: nonspecific low back pain schoolchildren prevalence
to assess the efficacy of high-volume plasma exchange and gcsf versus gcsf alone in patients of acute on chronic liver failure (aclf).

Conditions: Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure

Summary: study design-open label randomized controlled trial study period-2 years study population-all patients of aclf admitted to ilbs for a period of two years from feb 2017 to dec 2018 all the patients of aclf will receive standard medical therapy and will be randomized within 48 hours of admission into three groups after screening for exclusion and inclusion criteria.(1:2:2) group a-standard medical therapy only group b-standard medical therapy + plasma exchange + gcsf group c-standard medical therapy + gcsf


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - all consecutive patients in age group of 18-70 years with acute on chronic liver failure as defined by apasl criteria shall be included in the study.only those patients who wish to be enrolled in the trial shall be included in the study. exclusion criteria: 1. steroid eligible patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis 2. cirrhosis of liver with previous history of decompensation 3. patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease 4. pregnancy 5. human immmunodeficiency virus infection 6. hepatocellular carcinoma or extrahepatic malignancy 7. chronic renal insufficiency on treatment with haemodialysis 8. uncontrolled bleed or patients in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy 9. patient with expected survival of less than 48 hours 10. patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 11. hemodynamic instability with noradrenaline requirement of more than \>0.5ug/kg/min or requirement of dual vasopressors 12. patients with leukemoid reaction or total leucocyte count \> 40,000/mm3 13. patients diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 14. patients with known hypersensitivity to granulocyte colony stimulating factor
effect of type 1 diabetes on sleep fragmentation

Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes

Summary: the main objective of this study is the objective evaluation of disease related sleep fragmentation in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

the influence of sleep duration and sleep schedules (social jetlag) on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes has been shown in several previous studies, including by the investigators of this study. following these publications, patients have expressed the opinion via social networks that type 1 diabetes disease is itself a factor that alters the quality of sleep. indeed, it appears that the cross-sectional studies published to date have focused on the association between the subjects' sleep habits and the balance of their diabetes, without having questioned the role of the pathology on sleep quality. the main objective of this study is the objective evaluation of disease related sleep fragmentation in subjects with type 1 diabetes.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * self-reported type 1 diabetes * male or female * self-reported age \> 18 years old * subject user of a freestyle capillary meter exclusion criteria: * opposition to use of data for teaching and research purposes * other type of diabetes * self-reported age under 18 years of age * subject non-user of a freestyle capillary meter

Keywords: type1 diabetes sleep fragmentation and quality of sleep the nocturia the hypoglycemias the hyperglycemias
effect of pve on surgical outcomes and long-term survival in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Conditions: Biliary Tract Cancer; Portal Vein Embolization

Summary: portal vein embolization is often recommended to reduce the risk of postoperative liver failure and mortality. in this retrospective cohort study, researchers investigated the effect of portal vein embolization in patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma bismuth type iii and iv.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients with bismuth type iii or iv stricture on radiological examination, including computed tomography (ct) or magnetic resonance cholangiography 2. patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma histologically confirmed by surgical resection or forceps biopsy/brush cytology under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract. exclusion criteria: 1. patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma 2. patients who refused treatment 3. patients with other concomitant malignancies.
encouraging overdue healthcare appointment scheduling among patients with chronic diseases

Conditions: Health Promotion; Prevention; Risk Reduction Behavior

Summary: the goal of this study is to determine the most effective messages for encouraging patients with chronic conditions, who have not seen their doctor in at least one year, to return to the clinic. study participants will receive postcards or letters encouraging them to make an appointment. researchers will assess whether messages increase appointment scheduling (and attendance).

about 18,500 geisinger patients, geisinger health plan members, and medicaid patients with chronic illness have not been seen in a clinic for at least one year, which is concerning because regular appointments are necessary for chronic disease management. geisinger is therefore working to encourage those with chronic illness and overdue appointments to return to the clinic. in the present study, patients will either receive a mailer (with a message encouraging them to schedule an appointment with their physician), or no mailer. the purpose of the study is to compare three different mailers to assess which is most effective at encouraging patients to schedule and attend an appointment. the three mailers include (1) a standard outreach postcard (emphasizing that we are "checking in" with the patient), and, informed by behavioral science research, (2) a postcard with a cartoon and humorous messages and (3) a letter signed by a physician. the study will compare the effectiveness of the three experimental mailer arms to each other and to a no-contact control arm.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * geisinger patient, geisinger health plan member or medicaid patient * chronic illness * no appointment for \> 1 year
concentration of s-1 metabolites in tear and plasma of patients receiving ts-1

Conditions: Gastric Cancer

Summary: s-1 has been also shown to be an effective drug for palliative chemotherapy in eastern and western gc patients. recently, some case and small-sized studies have been reported on lacrimal drainage obstruction(ldo)caused by s-1.suggested mechanism of ldo involves direct secretion of s-1 into the tear; thus the concentration of s-1 metabolite in tear is expected to be high in patients who developed ldo than in patients without ldo. we investigate the concentration of s-1 and its metabolites in tear and plasma and find out its correlation with side effects such as ldo. these results will also help us identify patients who are at high risk of developing s-1-associated side effects.

1. s-1 metabolites concentration in plasma 1. factors affecting plasma concentration * surgery subtype * serum creatinine 2. systemic adverse effects of s-1 and its correlation with plasma s-1 metabolites concentration * enteritis * fatigue 2. s-1 metabolites concentration in tears 1. correlation of tear concentration with plasma concentration 2. lacrimal drainage obstruction caused by s-1 administration, and its correlation with tear s-1 metabolites concentration 3. lacrimal drainage obstruction caused by s-1 administration, and its correlation with plasma s-1 metabolites concentration

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who received radical surgery for gastric cancer * patients who receiving s-1 adjuvant chemotherapy * patients who administrated s-1 for more than 7 days exclusion criteria: * who using eyedrop medication * who has dry eye that tear cannot be sampled
laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in liver transplant patients

Conditions: Hernia Recurrence Post Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair in Liver Transplant Versus Non-transplant Patients.

Summary: retrospective analysis of patients undergoing laparoscopic incisional hernia repair. study group: patients with incisional hernia post liver transplantation control group: patients with incisional hernia post any other laparotomy in the upper quadrant. primary study outcome parameter: risk of hernia recurrence. secondary study outcome parameters: - hernia repair-related infection rate - postoperative morbidity statistical analysis: comparison of study versus control group, univariate and multivariate analysis, chi² and mann-whitney-u tests. p-values \<0.05 were considered significant.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * incisional hernia * laparoscopic repair possible exclusion criteria: * other types of ventral hernias * laparoscopy not possible