diagnosis accuracy of abdominal compression and hemoconcentration to detect diuretic induced fluid removal intolerance.

Conditions: Hypovolemia; Diuretic Toxicity; Fluid Overload

Summary: fluid overload increases morbidity and mortality of pediatrics patients in intensive care unit (icu). it could be interesting to predict the decrease in stroke volume when diuretics are prescribed. nevertheless, no test predict a decrease of stroke volume in a context of a diuretics induced depletion. abdominal compression (ac) coupled with echocardiographic measurement of the stroke volume can predict fluid responsiveness and is a good tool to assess preload dependency. another point is that during depletion refilling can occur. we aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal compression to predict a decrease of the stroke volume of 15 % during diuretic-induced depletion of 10 ml/kg of diuresis. secondary outcome will assess the hemoconcentration during depletion to diagnose a decrease of stroke volume during diuretic induced depletion

fluid overload increases morbidity and mortality of pediatrics patients in intensive care unit (icu). the pediatric intensivist has a priority to decrease unnecessary fluid load and to make the fluid balance negative in case of fluid overload. diuretics help to make the fluid balance negative but can lead to a reduction of volemia that can lead to hypovolemia. hypovolemia can induce a reduction of stroke volume and cardiac index that can alter tissue perfusion and increase organ dysfunction. it could be interesting to predict the decrease in stroke volume when diuretics are prescribed. nevertheless, no test predict a decrease of stroke volume in a context of a diuretics induced depletion. the concept of preload dependency described by frank-starling is interesting in that context. preload dependency is a state of the working heart characterized by a modification of stroke volume when a modification of preload is done. conversely, no preload dependency is a state of the working heart characterized by no modification of stroke volume when a modification of preload is done. if the heart is in a state of preload dependency, a reduction of preload induced by diuretics depletion might induce a reduction of stroke volume. conversely, if the heart is in a state of no preload dependency a reduction of preload induced by a diuretics depletion might not induce a reduction of stroke volume abdominal compression coupled with echocardiographic measurement of the stroke volume can predict fluid responsiveness and is a good tool to assess preload dependency. another point is that during depletion refilling can occur. studies performed during hemodialysis have shown that refilling maintains a stable hematocrit during depletion. the absence of refilling is characterized by an hemoconcentration we aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal compression to predict a decrease of the stroke volume of 15 % during diuretic induced depletion of 10ml/kg of diuresis. secondary outcome will assess the hemoconcentration during depletion to diagnose a decrease of stroke volume during diuretic induced depletion

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * height year old or less * patient hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit of the investigation center. presenting symptoms of fluid overload characterized with: * peripheral edema. * an increase of 10% between the first day in icu and inclusion date * the attending physician should have decided to evaluate hemodynamic with iterative echocardiography * the attending physician, who is not the investigator has decided to administer diuretics exclusion criteria: * patient or holder of parental authority refusal to participate * dehydration with natremia over 150 mmol/l or clinical signs of dehydration * suspected abdominal hypertension * recent abdominal surgery with abdominal pain induced by abdominal examination.