Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
high-flow oxygen therapy following tracheostomy

Conditions: Acute Respiratory Failure

Summary: respiratory failure patients sometimes receive tracheostomy due to difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. efforts to wean patients with a tracheostomy usually involve the administration of oxygen via high humidity device. there are two major ways of administering oxygen to patients which include low flow delivered at less than 10liters per minute (lpm) and high-flow delivered at greater than 10lpm. there is not a currently accepted standard of care practice for how to administer oxygen therapy to these patients. both low and high flow are accepted practices in the us.

many patients with respiratory failure undergo tracheostomy due to difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. a component of weaning a patient with tracheostomy usually involves the administration of oxygen via high humidity device. there are two major ways of administering oxygen via high humidity to patients. they include low flow high humidity; delivered at less than or equal to 10lpm or high-flow humidity, delivered at greater than 10lpm. there is not a currently accepted standard of practice for how to administer oxygen high humidity to patients who receive a tracheostomy due to respiratory failure. both low and high flow high humidity devices are used routinely by health care facilities nationwide. therefore, the investigators plan to perform a crossover study in both a medicine and surgical intensive care unit to determine which type of oxygen high humidity therapy should be preferentially utilized. patients in one intensive care unit will start off with low flow high humidity while the alternate unit will start with hi flow high humidity. after one half of the required sample size is accrued the investigators will cross over the two icus to the alternate type of oxygen high humidity device. no other respiratory practices will change during the conduct of this trial.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mechanically ventilated patients who receive tracheostomy exclusion criteria: * non-english speaking and pregnancy
preventing anxiety disorders in urban youth

Conditions: Anxiety Disorders

Summary: this study will determine the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group therapy program in preventing anxiety disorders in at-risk children exposed to community violence.

community violence is a major public health problem in low-income, urban communities. the mental health impact of living in a violent community is significant, particularly for children. community violence exposure is associated with various symptoms of anxiety. unfortunately, little research on the prevention of community-related anxiety in youth has been conducted. this study involves a school-based prevention and cognitive behavioral therapy program that will involve predominantly african american children who live in urban areas and are at risk for developing anxiety disorders. children in this study will be randomly assigned to either an anxiety prevention and early intervention group or a nonintervention group for approximately 3 months. child, parent, and teacher assessments of anxiety symptoms will be made at the end of the study and at a 6-month follow-up visit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mild exposure to community violence * mild to moderate anxiety symptoms or disorders * attending public elementary school in an urban area * in 3rd to 5th grades exclusion criteria: * diagnostic and statistical manual-iv disruptive behavior disorder * too many or too few anxiety symptoms

Keywords: violence school based urban youth prevention community
therapy for undergraduate college students who binge drink and are depressed

Conditions: Depression; Alcohol Abuse

Summary: the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of 2 different therapy courses for undergraduate college students who binge drink and experience depressive symptoms.

after a screening visit (2 ½ hrs) to confirm eligibility for the study, all participants will receive 8 weekly, 1-hour, individual sessions therapy with a counselor. participants will be randomly assigned, by chance, like the flip of a coin, to the therapy course they will attend. in one of the therapy courses, students are asked questions about their drinking and receive personalized feedback about it, and are taught coping skills for their depressive symptoms. in the second course, students are also taught coping skills for their depressive symptoms but they may or may not talk about alcohol consumption depending on the students' preference. so, both courses teach the same coping skills for depressive symptoms but include different levels of focus on alcohol. participants will also complete 2 follow-up visits, at the end of the 8 sessions and then again 4 weeks after completing treatment. these will involve filling out some questionnaires and completing a few neuropsychological tests (these questionnaires and neuropsychological tests will also be completed during the screening visit).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * currently enrolled in college as an undergraduate student. * ages 18-24 years (inclusive). * presence of two binge drinking episodes in the past month (defined as consumption of 5 or more drinks in 2 hours for males and 4 for females; niaaa, 2004). * bdi-ii 12 (12 is often used to indicate the presence of at least mild depressive symptoms) and \<30 (indicating severe depression). exclusion criteria: * meeting criteria for substance dependence or abuse (any substance) in the past six months (students with alcohol abuse will not be excluded). * diagnosis of bulimia, psychosis, or bipolar disorder. * having received any psychosocial treatment for depression or substance abuse in the past month. * having received cbt for depression and/or alcohol use in the previous 6 months. * if receiving pharmacological treatment for depression or substance abuse, has not been on a stable dose for at least 4 weeks. * discontinued an antidepressant medication less than 1 month ago. * meeting criteria for severe depression or posing a serious suicide or homicide risk.
cognitive bias modification for ocd

Conditions: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Obsessive-compulsive Disorders and Symptoms

Summary: this study will conduct the development and preliminary evaluation of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (cbm-i) and approach avoidance training (aat) as augmentations to treatment as usual for ocd and related disorders. cbm-i refers to computerized interventions designed to directly manipulate interpretation bias through repeated practice on a training task, thereby inducing cognitive changes in a relatively automatic or implicit manner. in aat, automatic approach tendencies toward feared stimuli are re-trained. specifically, this study will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes associated with cbm-i and aat. adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) and related disorders will be recruited from a treatment program for these disorders and participants will be randomly assigned to either receive: 1) eight sessions of cbm-i or eight sessions of psychoeducation as a control condition, or 2) aat or eight sessions of an inactive (sham) version of the aat training.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * currently receiving treatment at the mclean hospital ocd institute * for cbm-i condition only: report a score of at least 131 on the obsessive beliefs questionnaire-44 upon admission to the ocd institute * for aat condition only: endorse score of at least 7 on the docs subscale #1 (contamination subscale) upon admission to the ocd institute * able to complete a computer task for 20 minutes * consent to main ocd institute study protocol exclusion criteria: * currently undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ect) * current symptoms of acute mania or psychosis * a reported diagnosis at admission of a psychotic disorder * history of traumatic brain injury

Keywords: cognitive bias modification interpretation bias approach avoidance
surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt) in patients older than 65 years compared with follow-up

Conditions: Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Summary: general consensus and contemporary guidelines, recommend surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (phpt)for all patients below the age of 50, for patients with pronounced hypercalcemia and for patients with organ complications to the disease (osteoporosis and decreased renal function). the purpose of this study is to determine if surgery for phpt, is appropriate for patients with moderate to mild hypercalcemia older than 65 years of age. the hypothesis of the study is that surgery for phpt in patients older than 65 years of age, and with mild hypercalcemia, will increase bone density and hence decrease future risk for fragility fractures compared to patients with follow-up only.

the majority of patients diagnosed and operated due to primary hpt in scandinavia are older than 65 years of age. the vast majority of the patients have mild aberrations of serum calcium (\< 1.50 mmol/l ionized calcium), and some patients may even be asymptomatic. the present trial is designed to clarify the indications for surgical treatment in this large subgroup of patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary hyperparathyroidism * no previous parathyroid surgery * sporadic disease exclusion criteria: * z-score of bone density \< -2.5 sd (regardless of site) * serum level of ionized calcium \> 1.50 mmol/l * inability to understand given information or to comply with scheduled follow-up * symptoms of hypercalcaemia for which specific medical treatment has been prescribed

Keywords: hyperparathyroidism, primary aged 66 years or older mild hypercalcaemia surgical procedures, elective indication osteoporosis cognitive function atherosclerosis follow-up randomized trial
neoadjuvant therapy vs standard therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Conditions: Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer, Radiotherapy, FOLFOX

Summary: phase ii, multicenter, open-label, randomized study evaluating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (folfox4) in patients with stage ii and iii colorectal cancer with standard chemoradiation defined by magnetic resonance imaging

this is a biomedical research, phase ii, multicenter, open-label, randomized study, comparing neoadjuvant ct with folfox4, versus immediate preoperative chemoradiotherapy (crt), in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. randomization in a 1: 1 ratio, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation. the purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and comparability of new standard preoperative chemotherapy with folfox4 in patients with stage ii and iii colorectal cancer compared to routine chemoradiation.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma; * radiologically measurable tumor size; * general condition (ecog 0-2 points); * stage ii or iii rectal tumor clinically (pelvic mri and endorectal ultrasound), * in the absence of long-term spread of the disease (confirmed by radiological examinations (computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen)); * during preoperative proctoscopy, the tumor is detected 0 -15 cm from the anus; * blood tests 28 days before the start of treatment: and general blood count: neutrophils greater than 1.5x10 9 / l, platelets greater than 100 x 10 9 / l, hemoglobin greater than 80 g / l, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (ast/got), alanine aminotransferase (alt/gpt) not more than 3 times upper limit), and renal function (creatinine up to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal) is normal; women of childbearing potential - negative pregnancy test; • a signed informed consent form. exclusion criteria: * patients with signs of intestinal obstruction at the start of treatment; * previous lower abdominal radiation therapy; * other tumors over a five-year period; * pregnant or breastfeeding women; * men and women of childbearing potential who do not agree to use adequate contraception; * patient co-morbidities that would make the patient unsuitable for this study or significantly interfere with the assessment of safety and toxicity.
rolled pericardium versus cryopreserved allograft to treat native or prosthetic aortic infection

Conditions: Aortic Infections and Inflammations

Summary: while surgery with anatomic reconstruction of prosthetic aortic infections and native infectious aortitis has become established over time, the ideal substitute is not clearly defined. the cryopreserved arterial allograft (aac) recognized as resistant to infections not only presents availability problems making its use complicated, particularly in emergencies, with a certain number of long-term aneurysmal developments. the tubulized pericardium patch (pp), available in all cases, seems to give promising results in recent literature. the investigators propose a comparative study of these two substitutes in this indication. we carried out a two-center observational study including retrospectively from january 2010 to july 2023 all patients operated on for aortic prosthesis infection and native infectious aortitis with aac reconstruction and prospectively pp patch reconstructions from july 2018 to july 2023. the diagnosis of infection was established according to the magic criteria. the patients' preoperative comorbidities were collected to compare the groups. postoperative morbidity and mortality was then compared. the medium-term evaluation consisted of comparing according to the kaplan meier method: postoperative mortality, permeability, reinfection rate, reoperation rate.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all aortic intervention performed for native aortic infection reconstruction with patch or allograft * all aortic intervention performed for infected graft reconstruction with patch or allograft exclusion criteria: * no
meal timing, genetics and weight loss

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: meal times differ from culture to culture. these differences may influence energy regulation and, consequently, body weight. current studies support the notion that not only "what" but also "when" the investigators eat may have a significant role in obesity treatment. recently, it has been shown that eating the main meal of the day, lunch in spain, late in the day is predictive of difficulty in weight loss and decreased insulin sensitivity. this project aims to study in a mediterranean population the potential influence of genetics and food timing on obesity, metabolic syndrome and weight loss.

meal times differ from culture to culture. these differences may influence energy regulation and, consequently, body weight. current studies support the notion that not only "what" but also "when" the investigators eat may have a significant role in obesity treatment. recently, it has been shown that eating the main meal of the day, lunch in spain, late in the day is predictive of difficulty in weight loss and decreased insulin sensitivity. furthermore, it has been shown that eating late at night when plasma melatonin concentrations are elevated, impairs glucose tolerance, particularly in mtnr1b risk allele carriers. the main objective is to identify the mechanisms underlying the association between the timing of food intake, obesity and metabolic syndrome (mets) in order to design effective weight loss therapies. the long-term goal is to determine the potential impact of more european, i.e., earlier meal timing on obesity, mets and weight loss. the challenge for the society is to develop evidence-based dietary interventions incorporating meal timing and genotype to combat the epidemic of obesity and mets. these goals will be achieved through three specific approaches: * epidemiological (observational study) (aim 1): to assess in an obese population (n=5000) who will follow a weight loss program if clock-related (clock, per2, cry, etc.) and melatonin-related variants (mtnr1b) interact with the timing of food intake to determine weight loss effectiveness and mets features. * interventional (randomized controlled trials) (aim 2): to determine the internal mechanisms of energy balance and circadian system implicated in the differential effects of food timing (lunch) on weight loss, mets alterations and the intestinal microbiota (n=25), and to study the potential interaction between meal timing (dinner) and genetic variants mtnr1b for glucose tolerance in obese women (n=100).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * body mass index: \>25 kg/m2 * age: \>18 years of age * caucasian exclusion criteria: * receiving treatment with thermogenic, lipogenic, or contraceptive drugs * diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hepatic diseases, or cancer diagnosis * bulimia diagnosis, prone to binge eating * undergoing treatment with anxiolytic or antidepressant drugs

Keywords: obesity nutrigenetics food timing weight loss
trial of clindamycin / benzoyl peroxide gel in subjects with acne

Conditions: Acne Vulgaris

Summary: this is a randomized, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a clindamycin / benzoyl peroxide gel in subjects with acne vulgaris

a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparator and vehicle-controlled study in subjects with acne vulgaris. approximately 1320 subjects will be enrolled. subjects will be randomized to 1 of 4 parallel study groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (clindamycin / benzoyl peroxide gel:clindamycin gel:bpo gel:vehicle gel).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * be 12 to 45 years of age, inclusive, and in good general health. * clinical diagnosis of acne vulgaris * females of childbearing potential participating in the study must agree to use a medically acceptable method of contraception while receiving protocol-assigned product. * have the ability and willingness to follow all study procedures, attend all scheduled visits, and successfully complete the study. * have the ability to understand and sign a written informed consent form, which must be completed prior to study specific tasks being performed. subjects under the legal age of consent in the state/province/country where the study is conducted must provide assent and have the written informed consent of a parent or guardian. exclusion criteria: * are pregnant or breast-feeding. * have a history or presence of other conditions that may increase the risk of the subject participating in the study and/or affect the evaluated outcomes. * used topical antibiotics on the face or used systemic antibiotics within the past 2 weeks. * used topical corticosteroids on the face or systemic corticosteroids within the past 4 weeks. use of inhaled, intra-articular, or intra-lesional steroids other than for facial acne is acceptable. * used systemic retinoids within the past 6 months or topical retinoids within the past 6 weeks. * received treatment with estrogens (including oral, implanted, injected and topical contraceptives), androgens, or anti-androgenic agents for 12 weeks or less immediately prior to starting study product. subjects who have been treated with estrogens, as described above, androgens, or anti-androgenic agents for more than 12 consecutive weeks prior to start of study product are allowed to enroll as long as they do not expect to change dose, drug, or discontinue use during the study. * used topical anti-acne medications (eg, bpo, azelaic acid, resorcinol, salicylates, etc.) within the past 2 weeks. * used abradents or facial procedures, within the past 2 weeks. * use medications that may exacerbate acne. * have a known hypersensitivity or have had previous allergic reaction to any of the active components, lincomycin, or excipients of the study product. * used any investigational therapy within the past 4 weeks, or currently participating in another clinical study.

Keywords: acne vulgaris acne
endoscopic findings of gastritis in children

Conditions: Gastritis

Summary: gastritis defines any (histologically confirmed) inflammation of the gastric mucosa

gastritis is a very common disease in children. the main presentation of children with gastritis is recurrent abdominal pain and dyspepsia or vomiting. young children may have hematemesis or melena as presentation. drug induced or food related gastritis presents usually with acute symptoms but helicobacter pylori gastritis have mainly recurrent abdominal pain and dyspeptic symptoms. other presentations include diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, bloating, fatigue, low energy level, weight loss, muscle loss, bad breath etc. the main causes of gastritis are infections, inflammation and other disorders affect the gastric mucosa in pediatric patients. helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause of gastritis in children which is also responsible for the majority of duodenal ulcers. acute erosive gastritis is most commonly the result of metabolic stress or drug or corrosive injury. other major causes of gastritis include celiac disease, allergic disorders, and crohn's disease .medication as nsaids, uremia, ischemia, shock, radiation, sepsis, trauma, severe burns and surgery. endoscopic pictures in acute gastritis may be in the form of: * multiple round-shaped severe erosions with a diameter of several millimeters. * mucosal edema, hyperemia. * peptic ulcer while in chronic gastritis is variable. affects the antrum in the beginning and advances to the proximal in time .

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all children diagnosed as gastritis by upper endoscopy and bio gastric biopsy exclusion criteria: * • all children underwent upper endoscopy during the study period not diagnosed as gastritis
conduit cages and fibergraft bg putty

Conditions: Degenerative Disc Disease; Herniated Disc

Summary: the conduit cages are intended to restore the intervertebral height and to facilitate the intervertebral body fusion in the cervical and lumbar spine in skeletally mature patients with degenerative disc disease and instabilities at one or more levels of the spine. the fibergraft bioactive glass (bg) is engineered to mimic the body's natural bone healing process. while previous studies have described the use of conduit cages in interbody fixation procedures, these studies did not specifically study the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who have received these implants in addition to fibergraft. we aim to recruit patients with degenerative disc disease, and instabilities at one to multilevel contiguous levels between c2-t1 and 1-2 contiguous levels between l2-s1 of the spine with accompanying radicular symptoms, ruptured or herniated discs, and pseudarthrosis and spondylodesis. we will then follow these patients for a duration of two years to report their clinical and radiographic outcomes to determine fusion, complication rate, and revision surgeries if any.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age ≥ 18 years 2. have a radiograph-based diagnosis of degenerative disc disease, ruptured or herniated discs, 3. pathology of the cervical or lumbar spine. 4. pathology to be between c2-t1 in the cervical group. 5. pathology to be between l2-s1 in the lumbar group. 6. patients with 1-2 contiguous levels in both acdf and lumbar groups. 7. patients receiving the surgery/devices as standard of care prescribed by the treating physician. exclusion criteria: 1. patients \< 18 years 2. bmi \> 40 kg/m2 to be excluded 3. patients with a bone density (dexa) score of \<2.0 to be excluded 4. 3 or more levels for acdf or lumbar interbody to be excluded 5. patients with previous pseudoarthrosis or failed spondylodesis to be excluded 6. current smokers and patients who quit smoking within 6 weeks prior to presentation will be excluded