Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
reduced nicotine content cigarettes in smokers of lower socioeconomic status

Conditions: Tobacco Dependence

Summary: the overall goal of this study is to address the question of whether progressively lowering nicotine content in cigarettes can reduce or eliminate nicotine dependence in smokers of low socioeconomic status

to address the question of whether progressively lowering nicotine content in cigarettes can reduce or eliminate nicotine dependence in low socioeconomic smokers, we will randomize smokers to either an reduced nicotine content group with a gradual step-wise reduction in nicotine from 11 mg to 0.2 mg per cigarette in five 3-wk stages, or a control group with nicotine content similar to their preferred usual brand of cigarettes. overall, we hypothesize that low socioeconomic smokers who switch to progressively lower nicotine cigarettes will initially alter their smoking behavior to compensate for lower nicotine until cigarette nicotine yields become so low that complete compensation becomes too difficult. at that point, smokers will either drop-out or continue to smoke the reduced nicotine content cigarettes but with incomplete compensatory behaviors.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18-65 * less than 16 years of education * able to understand, and sign consent * smoke \>4 cigarettes/day for at least a year * no quit attempt in prior 1 month and not planning to quit smoking within next 6 months * plan to live in local area for next 8 months * able to read and write in english * women not pregnant and taking steps to avoid pregnancy exclusion criteria: * college graduate * use of psychotropic drugs * significant medical condition, or immune system disorders, respiratory diseases, kidney or liver diseases or any other medical disorders that may affect biomarker data * use of any non-cigarette nicotine delivery product in the past week or smoking cessation medicine in prior 3 months * currently pregnant or nursing * uncontrolled serious psychotic illness or substance abuse * history of difficulties providing blood samples-fainting, poor veins, anxiety

Keywords: smoking nicotine
the clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells on facial rejuvenation

Conditions: Facies

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether the adipose-derived stem cells therapy is effective in the treatment of facial rejuvenation.

this study will be a prospective study of patients who undergo adipose-derived stem cells therapy for facial rejuvenation at the hospital of xuzhou medical university. the therapy involves injection of patient's own adipose-derived stem cells, which are separated from vacuumed fat obtained through liposuction of abdomen, hip, thigh and so on. it was confirmed the adipose-derived stem cells can be induced differentiation into fat cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, muscle cells, endothelial cells and so on under the corresponding condition in the current literature. the therapy has evolved as a less invasive technique for facial rejuvenation compared to more traditional techniques，such as fat cells injection, sodium hyaluronate injection. through the use of pre and post treatment photos, three-dimensional skin ct, in addition to the therapeutic evaluation, patient satisfaction questionnaire and a clinician assessment, it is our hope that the investigators will confirm the rejuvenating capabilities of adipose-derived stem cells therapy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * males and females * ages18-60 * patients of all racial and ethnic origins * patients of all undergoing facial rejuvenation exclusion criteria: * ages under 18, and above 60 * female patients in pregnancy or menstrual period * patients undergoing facial rejuvenation using other methods including botox injections, chemical peels, face lifts and others * patients using blood thinners, aspirin and hormone, that cannot be stopped * patients suffering with severe organic disease, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, lung dysfunction and so on * patients suffering with mental disease, and acute or chronic infectious diseases

Keywords: facial rejuvenation adipose-derived stem cells
timolol eye drops in the treatment of acute migraine headache

Conditions: Migraine

Summary: the goal of this study is to determine whether timolol eye drops are effective in alleviating acute migraine headaches. subjects will be randomized to receive either timolol eye drops or placebo (tears) to use as a migraine abortive medication.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of migraine headache exclusion criteria * non-migraine headache * use of systemic beta-blocker * medical history of hypotension, bradycardia, syncope or other significant cardiovascular disease * medical history of difficulty breathing, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other pulmonary disease * medical history of glaucoma, ocular hypertension or hypotony, punctual stenosis, current use of other ophthalmic medications * previous adverse reaction to timolol or other beta-blockers * inability to self-administer eye drop due to physical or cognitive disorders * currently pregnant or breastfeeding * pregnant in the past year * non-english speaker

Keywords: headache
randomised trial comparing metal and plastic biliary stents stents for palliating malignant jaundice

Conditions: Biliary Obstruction

Summary: background: when considering any malignancy with limited life expectancy, palliation and quality of life are paramount. owing to the limited centres offering ercp and endoscopic palliation in the south african state sector, patients often travel vast distances and spend large amounts of time away from family and social support structures, severely impairing their quality of life. stent occlusion with resultant readmission to an ercp accredited centre obviously compounds this problem. the hypothesis we propose to test is whether metal stents as a primary procedure result in better patency rates, are more cost effective and improve quality of life than plastic stents. we propose to do this by means of a randomised trial determining the best method of palliation for inoperable distal common bile duct malignancies in the south african context. primary end-point assessing the cost of metal versus plastic stenting in inoperable malignant distal common bile duct strictures in patients with expected survival of 3 months or more as palliation of symptomatic obstructive jaundice. cost to be assessed in terms of hardware, hospital stay and readmissions for stent occlusion(patency) and complications secondary end-point assessing quality of life using a validated scoring system(eortc qlq 30) in patients receiving a metal or plastic biliary stent as definitive means of palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice hypothesis to be tested metal stents are superior to plastic stents in terms of patency, resulting in more cost effective palliation of inoperable malignant jaundice and better quality of life due to fewer stent occlusions/episodes of cholangitis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * symptomatic jaundice secondary to malignant distal cbd stricture * contra-indication to resection (advanced disease/advanced age/poor surgical risk) exclusion criteria: * hilar/proximal cbd obstruction * ecog performance status 3 or 4 * duodenal obstruction * previous stent placement * inability to comply with follow-up * ascites and liver metastases * not possible to stent endoscopically

Keywords: biliary obstruction malignant stent palliation
assessments in patients with muscular pathology and in control subjects : the actiliège next study

Conditions: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy; Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy; Myotonic Dystrophy 1; Charcot-Marie-Tooth; Centronuclear Myopathy; Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

Summary: the objective of the actiliège next study is to collect longitudinal data from patients and control subjects using a wearable magneto-inertial device. by collecting natural history data in various neuromuscular disorders (duchenne muscular dystrophy, fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy 1, charcot-marie-tooth, centronuclear myopathy, congenital muscular dystrophy), we aim to validate digital outcome measures to continuously assess motor function in real-life.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * for the patients: * genetically confirmed diagnosis of dmd, fshd, dm1, cmt or fkrp mutations or confirmed cnm based on muscle biopsy. * fshd, dm1, cmt and cnm patients should be ambulant or in transition. * dm1 and cmt patients should present sensori-motor signs on physical examination. * under the age of 20 years for patients with dmd, cnm or between the ages of 5 and 80 years for patients with fshd, cmt and dm1. * more than 2 years old for patients with fkrp mutations * non-ambulant dmd patients must be able to remain seated in an arm- or a wheelchair for at least one hour. * patients with dmd treated with corticosteroids for at least 6 months or initiated corticosteroid at v0 (except for patients under 4). * signed informed consent form by patient himself or, in case of minor patients, signed informed consent form by patient's parents or legal guardians. * for the control subjects: * ambulant boys and girls under 20 years old * signed informed consent form by patient him/herself or, in case of minor patients, signed informed consent form by patient's parents or legal guardians. exclusion criteria: * for the patients: * patients with extreme cognitive disorders that limit their understanding of the exercises to be performed. * patients who have undergone a surgical procedure or who have experienced recent trauma (within fewer than 6 months) affecting the upper or lower limbs (for ambulant patients). * a concomitant chronic or acute neurological, endocrine, infectious, allergic, or inflammatory pathology within the 3-week period immediately prior to inclusion. * patients who are participating in an interventional clinical trial. * dmd patients in transition who are not on corticosteroids. * for the control subjects: * patients who have undergone a surgical procedure or who have experienced recent trauma (within fewer than 6 months) affecting the upper or lower limbs. * elite athletes (at the national level). * a chronic or acute muscular, neurological, infectious, or inflammatory pathology within the 3-week period immediately prior to inclusion. * an orthopedic, neuromuscular, or neurological pathology that affects the quality of the subject's walking gait.
evaluating the impacts of a single session of robot assisted gait training with a trexo

Conditions: Physical Disability; CP (Cerebral Palsy); Developmental Disability

Summary: early use of robotic gait trainers have shown many benefits, however why these benefits occur and how to maximize them is unknown. there are a few options for how a robotic gait trainer can be used, however, there is not much understanding of how these options impact rehabilitation and compensate for impairments. the investigators aim to evaluate the impacts of as single session of trexo robotic gait training and the impact of different modes of the trexo robotic gait trainer. the investigators will evaluate how the different settings impact things like physical activity, walking, brain activity, spasticity, and fatigue. investigators will arrange for a familiarity and fitting session to start, so that study team members can fit the participant to the trexo and so that participants can become familiar with the feeling of using the trexo robotic gait trainer. after the initial fitting sessions, follow up sessions will be completed to evaluate different settings on the trexo, for example in "endurance" mode (where the robot completes the movements for the participant) and in "strength" mode (where the robot requires some assistance from the participant). investigators may also test different fitting settings, for example with and without the supportive seat in the trexo. only three visits are required (one fitting/familiarity session and two testing sessions), however participants and/or their families may choose to complete more testing sessions if they want to assess other aspects of the training. for example, if the first two testing sessions assessed physical activity, participants and their families may choose to return for further sessions to assess brain activity. the aim of the study is to determine how robot assisted gait training impacts rehabilitation and compensates for impairments, as well as to provide suggestions on how the robotic gait trainer might be improved or modified. this study is exploratory to find out more about how these robotic gait trainers, specifically the trexo, impacts various aspects of rehabilitation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * able to fit into the trexo robotic gait trainer (\<150 lbs., \<5'7"). * has impaired ability to walk due to a neurological or muscular disorder. exclusion criteria: * \>150 lbs. * \>5'6" tall * medical contraindication to weight bearing (ie. recent orthopedic surgery)

Keywords: robot assisted gait training trexo rehabilitation
humoral and cellular immunity of low and high-responders after tick-borne encephalitis vaccination

Conditions: Tick-borne Encephalitis

Summary: the phenomenon of no- and low-responsiveness has been described after applications of different vaccines (e.g. hepatitis b, tbe) and is concerning about 2-10% of the vaccinees. the aim of this project is to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses of low-responders after tbe vaccination in order to find parameters regarding immunoregulation against tbe. it is of interest if non-responsiveness is a general immunological deficit of a distinct patient group or if it is a antigen-specific phenomenon.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults (≥18 years) of both sexes without upper age limit * willingness to sign written informed consent form * basic vaccination plus one booster (minimum) of tbe-vaccine, exclusion criteria: * age: \< 18 years * pregnancy or breast feeding * prior tbe infection * planned surgery within 2 weeks before/after any scheduled rabies vaccination during the entire study * concomitant medication: systemic cortisone, immune suppressive therapy 4 weeks before or planned medication during the study * history of autoimmune disease * drug addiction * plasma donators * administration of other vaccines 4 weeks before/after day 0 * administration of immunoglobulins 6 weeks prior to any vaccination or blood donation during the entire study period * specific immune therapy (hypo-/desensibilization) within 14 days before and after the 2 study vaccination doses. * history of any malignant disease 5 years prior to the study entry * any contraindication for the administration of the tbe- or influenza vaccine according to the manufactures information.

Keywords: low responsiveness after vaccination
combined application of diode laser and different remineralizing agents on white spot lesions

Conditions: White Spot Lesion of Tooth

Summary: dental caries is a very common condition, and although it has become less common, it still represents a serious public health risk. caries symptoms range from the earliest molecular alterations in the tooth's apatite crystals to an apparent white spot lesion (wsl) or eventual cavitation. the white spot lesion looks chalky because minerals are being lost from both the surface and the underside of the enamel. a relatively simple and noninvasive caries preventive regimen in treating white spot lesions with low-level laser irradiation, either alone or with topical ﬂuoride treatment. this treatment results in reduced enamel solubility and dissolution.

the study was reviewed and approved by the "ethical research committee "of the faculty of dental medicine for girls; at al-azhar university, cairo, egypt. this study was conducted on 90 teeth with white spot lesions (wsls) detected clinically on the buccal surface of teeth. the patients with wsls were selected randomly from the operative dentistry clinic at the faculty of dentistry, girl's branch, al-azhar university after examination, the teeth will be assigned into six groups of 15 teeth with white spot lesions each according to the remineralizing material used: * the first group (a1b1): the teeth with wsl will be treated with nano-hydroxyapatite +fluoride with laser application. * the second group (a1b2): the contralateral teeth will be treated with nano-hydroxyapatite +fluoride without laser application. * the third group (a2b1): the teeth with wsl will be treated with nano-hydroxyapatite + xylitol with laser application. * the fourth group (a2b2): the contralateral teeth will be treated with nano hydroxyapatite+ xylitol without laser application. * the fifth group (a3b1): the teeth with wsl will be treated with 5% sodium fluoride varnish with laser application. * the sixth group (a3b2): the contralateral teeth will be treated with 5% sodium fluoride without laser application.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the patients should be 13-40 years old. * patients should have good oral hygiene. * the patients with good general health and no systemic disease. exclusion criteria: * - presence of enamel hypoplasia or dental fluorosis. * presence of carious cavity. * patients who have a significant medical history, * patients who have evidence of reduced salivary flow or significant tooth wear.

Keywords: white spot lesion, diode laser, vita easy shade v
evaluating glial acetate metabolism as a biomarker of hypoglycemic counterregulation

Conditions: Diabetes; Hypoglycemia

Summary: hypoglycemic complications are a major impediment to the maintenance of healthy glucose levels in persons with diabetes. the investigators recently completed a clinical pilot and feasibility study (glimpse, nct02690168), which identified a novel biomarker, glial acetate metabolism, that appears to predict the susceptibility to hypoglycemia. by providing an assay to predict hypoglycemic events and therefore diabetic complications, the development of this biomarker could significantly improve the treatment of persons with diabetes. the goal of this study is to determine the efficacy of our biomarker for predicting susceptibility to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. in order to accomplish this goal the investigatiors will pair our 13c magnetic resonance spectroscopy procedure to assess glial acetate metabolism, developed in the glimpse study, with a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp procedure, developed in the hypoclamp study (nct03839511). the two procedures will be separated by a three day interval. the investigators will then correlate the participants' rates of glial acetate metabolism with their neuroendocrine responses to the hypoglycemic clamp. this proof of concept study will test the hypothesis that glial acetate metabolism is inversely proportional to the neuroendocrine response to hypoglycemia, that is, as glial acetate metabolism increases the neuroendocrine response will decrease.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy male or female * ages 18-40 years * bmi between 20 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 (±0.5 kg/m2 will be accepted) * medically cleared for participation in the study exclusion criteria: * contraindication to mri * consume \>10 alcoholic drinks/week * history of chronic smoking or have quit less than 10 years ago * history of clinically diagnosed diabetes or a fasting blood glucose \>126 mg/dl * average screening blood pressure \>140/90 mmhg * history of cardiovascular disease * pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding * use of medications affecting glucose metabolism, e.g., benzodiazepines, thiazide diuretics, cortisone, and prednisone. * use of beta-adrenergic antagonists. * based on the investigative team's clinical judgement, a subject may not be appropriate for participation in the study.
clinical predictors of rehabilitation-induced arm recovery after stroke: longitudinal cohort study

Conditions: Stroke

Summary: clinical predictors of rehabilitation-induced arm recovery after stroke are still missing since literature provides evidence mainly on the spontaneous recovery path. this longitudinal cohort study aims to identify neurophysiological and behavioural features able to predict arm recovery and how it can change according to provided rehabilitation.

rationale: evidence suggests that integrity of the cortico-spinal tract (cst), valid motor evoked potentials (meps), age and neurological status are positive prognostic features for better recovery. concurrently, dosage of rehabilitation therapy is a key factor in promoting functional recovery. however, there are no evidence suggesting whether dose of rehabilitation also influence prediction of ul motor recovery after stroke. aims: to define (i) predictive features for rehabilitation-induced ul recovery and (ii) the effect of rehabilitation doses. methods: stroke patients will be longitudinally enrolled and assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms), blood sample and clinical outcome measures at the beginning (t0) of rehabilitation and after 8 weeks (t1).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * first ever single stroke * unilateral cortical/subcortical stroke exclusion criteria: * other neurological disease * psychiatric disorders * cerebellar stroke

Keywords: rehabilitation upper limb prognosis neurophysiology
studies of the angle kappa and the angle alpha

Conditions: No Eye Disorder

Summary: anatomical ophthalmological connections and their dynamics are still debated in the scientific community. however, their considering is essential in many surgeries (strabismus, cataract, refractive...) or in clinical practice. the correlation between these biometric values would make it possible to refine the knowledge related to these landmarks and thus offer better ophthalmological management by integrating these variables into the clinical examination. the aim of the study is to analyze the correlation between the angle alpha and the angle kappa in a healthy individual without ophthalmologic disorder.

the angle kappa corresponds to the angle formed between the visual axis (line between the point of fixation and the fovea: area of the retina allowing precise vision) and the pupillary axis (line passing through the center of the pupil and perpendicular to the cornea). the angle alpha corresponds to the angle formed between the visual axis and the optical axis (line passing through the nodal point of the eye and corneal center). in theory, the angle kappa and angle alpha are equal; but physiological corectopy in the nasal position induces a variation between these two angles; the angle kappa being generally less than the angle alpha without a correlation being established. also, pupillary constriction causes a variation in the position of the center of the pupil. the angle kappa therefore exhibits a variation depending on the expansion. anatomical ophthalmological connections and their dynamics are still debated in the scientific community. however, their considering is essential in many surgeries (strabismus, cataract, refractive ...) or in clinical practice. the correlation between these biometric values would make it possible to refine the knowledge related to these landmarks and thus offer better ophthalmological management by integrating these variables into the clinical examination. the aim of the study is to analyze the correlation between the angle alpha and the angle kappa in a healthy individual without an eye disorder.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - informed major subject not opposing to their participation in the study exclusion criteria: - subject with strabismus or organic ophthalmologic pathology

Keywords: angle kappa angle alpha pupillary axis visual axis optical axis