Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
oct biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy

Conditions: Diabetic Retinopathy

Summary: diabetic retinopathy (dr) is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina associated with long-term type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. dr is a leading cause of blindness in the united states. standard optical coherence tomography (oct) cannot directly detect vascular changes, which may occur early affecting the passage of blood through the tiny capillaries (reduced capillary flow) or cause the greatest damage through formation of abnormal blood vessel growth (neovascularization). currently, fluorescein angiography (fa) is the gold standard for detecting these changes, but fa requires an injection of a dye into the vein of the arm of the patient. this dye can cause undesirable side effects. recently, oct has been used to make functional measurements (such as total retinal blood flow among others) and to perform angiography. thus, functional oct may provide a useful, alternate way to evaluate diabetic retinopathy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria for participants with diabetes: * male or female participants 18-79 years old * with type 1 diabetes for over 5 years or type 2 diabetes of any duration exclusion criteria for participants with diabetes: * vision worse than 20/200 * inability to maintain fixation for oct imaging * significant kidney disease, kidney failure or kidney transplant * unstable medical status, including blood pressure greater than 180/110 or unstable heart disease * pregnant or nursing an infant * presence of an eye disease (other than diabetic retinopathy) that can affect retinal blood flow, retinal permeability or retinal anatomy * significant cataract, corneal scar, vitreous bleed or other media opacity * history of major eye surgery within 4 months prior to enrollment in this study inclusion criteria for participants without diabetes (controls): * male or female participants 18-79 years old exclusion criteria for participants without diabetes (controls): * vision worse than 20/200 * inability to maintain fixation for oct imaging * significant kidney disease, kidney failure or kidney transplant * unstable medical status, including blood pressure greater than 180/110 or unstable heart disease * pregnant or nursing an infant * presence of any eye disease that can affect retinal blood flow, retinal permeability or retinal anatomy * significant cataract, corneal scar, vitreous bleed or other media opacity * history of major eye surgery within 4 months prior to enrollment in this study

Keywords: diabetes oct angiography diabetic retinopathy
ablation as first line treatment in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Conditions: Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether catheter ablation is more effective than antiarrhythmic drugs in the early stages of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. in all the patients a subcutaneous loop recorder will be implanted.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 18 and 65 * at least three episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation documented on an electrocardiogram or event recording during the last three years * never taken antiarrhythmic drugs or at most a pill in the pocket approach * willingness, ability and commitment to participate in baseline and follow-up evaluations exclusion criteria: * paroxysmal af for more than three years * an episode of atrial fibrillation that lasted more than seven days within the past six months * persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation * atrial fibrillation from reversible cause (i.e. surgery, hyperthyroidism, pericarditis) * documented atrial flutter * structural heart disease of clinical significance including: * cardiac surgery within six months of screening * unstable symptoms of congestive heart failure (chf) including nyha class iii or iv chf at screening and/or ejection fraction \<30% as measured by echocardiography or catheterization * unstable angina * myocardial infarction within six months of screening * surgically corrected atrial septal defect with a patch or closure device * la size \> 40mm * any prior ablation of the pulmonary veins * enrollment in any other ongoing protocol * untreatable allergy to contrast media * pregnancy * any contraindication to cardiac catheterization * prosthetic mitral heart valve * poor general health that, in the opinion of the investigator, will not allow the patient to be a good study candidate (i.e. other disease processes, mental capacity, etc.) * contraindication to coumadin or heparin * history of pulmonary embolus or stroke within one year of screening * acute pulmonary edema * atrial clot on tee regardless of the patient's anticoagulation medication status
reliability, validity and clinical utility of a robotic assessment for proprioception

Conditions: Neurological Diseases or Conditions; Sensory Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Stroke

Summary: the aim of this case-controlled observational cross-sectional study is to investigate the test-retest reliability, validity and clinical utility of a rapid robotic assessment of finger proprioception using a passive gauge position matching tasks in ms and stroke subjects. session 1 informed consent descriptive measures session 2 clinical testing robotic assessment (3x) session 3 clinical testing robotic assessment (3x)


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria ms subjects * age \> 18 years * diagnosis of ms (mcdonald criteria) * no relapse or relapse-related treatment within the last 3 months prior to the study inclusion criteria stroke subjects * age \> 18 years * diagnosis of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), * between 2 weeks and 12 months post-stroke exclusion criteria: * complete paralysis of both upper limbs * unable to detect any passive movement in hand and fingers * unable to place the hand in the robotic devices without any discomfort or pain * marked or severe intention tremor (fahn's tremor rating scale on finger-to-nose test \> 3) * marked or severe spasticity for finger and elbow flexors or shoulder adductors (modified asworth scale \>3) * other medical conditions interfering with the hand function (peripheral nerve lesion, orthopedic or rheumatoid impairment, pain, edema) * severe cognitive or visual deficits interfering with testing and training (e.g. aphasia, neglect, ...)
bodyweight interval exercise in the fed versus fasted state

Conditions: Exercise

Summary: the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a single session of at-home bodyweight interval exercise, performed in the fasted or fed state, on postprandial glycemic management, post-exercise fat oxidation, and overall perceptions of appetite in recreationally active females. this is a remote/online study and does not involve any visits to the laboratory.

following the acquisition of informed consent via videoconferencing, eligibility to participate in the study will be determined using questionnaires. if inclusion criteria is met, participants will undergo virtual exercise familiarization by following a pre-recorded instructional video. eligible participants will be assigned, in a random order, to two metabolic trials at least 3 days apart in the follicular phase of the same menstrual cycle. these visits will be online with an investigator on videoconferencing. the two trials involve: 1) exercise followed by breakfast; and 2) breakfast followed by exercise. various outcomes will be measured throughout the metabolic trials including: blood sugar, fat oxidation and appetite. all research tools needed to acquire these methods will be delivered to participants' place of residence.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * females 18-35 years * recreationally active (complete \<150 min of exercise 1-3 days per week) and not training for any specific sport * experiencing monthly menstrual periods (eumenorrheic) * are not currently on oral contraceptives, or are taking triphasic oral contraceptives * body mass index (bmi) ≥18.5 kg/m2 and ≤30 kg/m2 * regular consumption of a breakfast meal (solid and liquid meals apply) most (≥ 4) days of the week * have a device compatible for use with study applications (e.g., smart phone) exclusion criteria: * inability to safely perform physical activity as determined by the get active questionnaire * not willing to consume the standardized test drink before and after exercise * sensitive to meal timing around exercise (e.g., gastrointestinal issues if exercise performed 10 min after the start of meal consumption or if a meal is consumed 5 min after exercise) * inability to adhere to pre-trial protocol guidelines (e.g., caffeine or alcohol restrictions) * physical limitations for bodyweight exercise * are on monophasic or biphasic oral contraceptives * regular tobacco or cannabis use (e.g., recreational and/or medical cannabis, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vape pens, juul) * regular use of drugs that may alter metabolism (e.g., corticosteroids, nsaids) * diagnosed medical condition under the care of care of a physician (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease) currently enrolled in a course with dr. gillen
effectiveness of dementia nutrition education

Conditions: Dementia; Nutrition; Nutrition Deficiency Due to Insufficient Food; Nutrition Assessment

Summary: nutritional problems can and do manifest themselves at various stages and with varying degrees of severity. patients with dementia are at significant risk for weight loss and malnutrition due to the numerous issues that arise during the disease process. caregivers of patients with dementia face significant challenges in providing nutritional care for their patients due to difficulties with nutrition for physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reasons. the following methods were used: this study employed a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design. the study was conducted with 89 patients and caregivers (45 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group). we collected data from the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention using the descriptive information form, edinburgh nutrition evaluation in dementia (edfed) scale, mini nutritional assessment, dysphagia assessment scale in multiple sclerosis, and sarcopenia screening test (sarc-f). the intervention group received a standardized educational program for three months. we evaluated the data using percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges. we analyzed the data using chi-square tests, mann-whitney u tests, wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and intention-to-treat analyses.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria for caregivers * being a primary caregiver, * aged\> 18, * volunteering to participate in the study. exclusion criteria for caregivers -wanting to quit working, not attending training inclusion criteria for patients * according to dsm-v criteria, they must have a nutritional disorder, metabolic disorder, or dementia that is not due to systematic diseases * be fed orally * have the caregiver/guardian of the patient with dementia voluntarily agree to participate in the research with him/herself and the patient exclusion criteria for patients -having a health condition that affects nutrition

Keywords: dementia, caregiving, nutrition and feeding issues, education and training, nursing.
the effect of dexamethasone 12 mg vs 6 mg on thromboembolic events in patients with critical covid-19

Conditions: COVID-19; Thrombosis Embolism; Bleeding

Summary: thromboembolisms (tes) in patients with critical covid-19 has been reported to be three times higher than for other critically ill patients. immunothrombosis has been proposed as a plausible mechanism for covid-19 coagulopathy. corticosteroids improve survival in patients with critical covid-19, and likely even more so with a higher dose. however, the evidence regarding the impact on the incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events are currently uncharted. the aim of this study is to investigate if there is a difference in the incidence of thromboembolic events during icu stay in patients with critical covid-19 when treated with 12 mg dexamethasone compared to 6 mg dexamethasone.


Eligibility criteria:
all patients were recruited from the cs2-trial with following inclusion/exclusion criteria: inclusion criteria: * confirmed sars-cov-2 and * requiring at least 10l/min of o2 supplementation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation for hypoxia or invasive mechanical and exclusion criteria: * if previously randomised to the cs2 trial * if they had received corticosteroids for covid-19 during ≥5 consecutive days or use corticosteroids in doses \>6 mg dexamethasone for an indication other than covid-19. * active tuberculosis * hypersensitivity to dexa-/betamethasone * active fungal infection * fertile woman ≤60 years of age with a positive u-hcg/p-hcg test * informed consent not obtainable for the inclusion in this post-hoc analyses there is additional criteria: inclusion criteria: - randomised in the icu exclusion criteria: * established thromboembolism at randomisation * established major bleeding at randomisation
mobile and scalable innovations for measles immunization: a randomized controlled trial

Conditions: Measles

Summary: the overall objective is to test the impact of short message service (sms) reminders, with or without unconditionally provided mobile-money incentives, can improve measles vaccination coverage in rural western kenyan infants.

primary objective the primary objective is to determine if text message reminders, with or without unconditionally provided incentives, can increase the proportion of children who receive measles vaccination by 15% at age ten months as compared to control arm children. secondary objectives 1. to conduct a secondary analysis of the primary outcome using survival analysis and time-to-immunization curves. 2. to determine if there is a differential effect on measles vaccine coverage based on mobile phone ownership and distance to the clinic. 3. to examine the effect of the interventions on measles coverage measured at twelve months of age. 4. to examine the completeness and costs of identifying children through a chw approach versus the standard hdss approach. 5. to evaluate the effect of the interventions on coverage of second dose of measles vaccine at 24 months. this secondary objective is contingent on receiving additional funding.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * caregiver of infant aged 6-8 months at time of enrollment * self-reported resident of one of the study villages; where the definition of a resident is defined by caregiver * willing to sign informed consent for the study exclusion criteria: * child of enrolled caregiver has already received one dose of measles vaccine, not including any supplemental measles vaccines * caregiver plans to move away in the next 6 months

Keywords: sms reminder incentive mobile phone immunization
gerofit and cognition

Conditions: Aging; Cognitive Impairment; Physical Activity

Summary: over 50% of the veterans enrolled for va health care are over the age of 65. dementia prevalence increases with age, and with the increase in the population of people ages 65 and older, the total number of people with dementia is also increasing. older veterans often have comorbid ptsd, major depression and traumatic brain injury so that they are at 2 to 5 times the risk for cognitive impairment and dementia compared to the general population. there is evidence that exercise interventions in sedentary older adults could improve both physical and cognitive function. however, there have been very few studies on the effects of exercise on cognition in older veterans and do not reflect the broader ethnic and health-status diversity of veterans. thus, improved knowledge of the role of exercise on cognition as well as the predictive power of biomarkers could have a major beneficial impact on veterans' functional independence and quality of life. the investigators hypothesize that participation in the va gerofit exercise program will improve cognitive function in older veterans and that blood and muscle biomarkers will predict these improvements.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all veterans eligible for va gerofit program 65 years and older * clearance by pcp to participate in gerofit exercise program exclusion criteria: * inability to perform adls * significant cognitive impairment * inability to function independently without assistance * unstable angina; proliferative diabetic retinopathy * oxygen dependent * unwillingly to commute and/or not able to provide own transportation to gerofit * incontinence * open wounds * volatile behavioral issue or unable to work successfully in a group environment/setting * active substance abuse * homelessness
endoscopic evaluation after esophagectomy

Conditions: Esophageal Neoplasms; Constriction; Anastomotic Leak; Ischemia

Summary: gastric conduit ischemia or anastomotic breakdown after esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastrostomy often cause severe complications, such as leakage, necrotic organs, and strictures. thus, the purpose of this study is the safety and efficacy of endoscopic evaluation about reconstructive organs after esophagectomy. the investigators evaluate endoscopic predictions using classifications in acute phase after esophagogastrostomy.

gastric conduit ischemia or anastomotic breakdown after esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastrostomy often cause severe complications, such as leakage, necrotic organs, and strictures. however the evaluation and prevention before developing gastric conduit ischemia have been established. the investigators have built a hypothesis that the evaluation for gastric mucosal ischemia in early phase after esophagectomy predict the complication of gastric conduit. thus, the purpose of this study is the safety and efficacy of endoscopic evaluation about reconstructive organs after esophagectomy. the investigators evaluate endoscopic predictions using classifications in acute phase after esophagogastrostomy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * malignant or end-stage benign esophageal disease. * esophagectomy with reconstruction by a gastric pull-up. exclusion criteria: * severe heart failure and pulmonary dysfunction * severe renal and liver dysfunction * allergenic history * pregnancy

Keywords: esophagogastrostomy gastric conduit ischemia endoscopy
a explorative study to evaluate the clinical feasibility of avatamed

Conditions: Glioblastoma

Summary: this is an exploratory study to evaluate the clinical feasibility of medical deivce 'avatamed' for predicting the clinical response to tmz (temozolomide) in glioblasotma patients.

glioblastoma patients who would take tmz treatment will be screened for in vitro drug screening experiment. patients whose tumor specimen pass the drug screening process will be finally enrolled. actual clinical response to tmz treatment will be compared to drug screening results derived from avatamed, a medical software device to predict the drug response based on in vitro assay using patient-derived tumor cells.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. written informed consent 2. histologically confirmed glioblastoma patients who will take tmz treatment 3. kps \>70 4. adequte end-organ function 5. prior major surgery \> 4 weeks (prior minor surgery \> 1weeks) 6. prior standard concurrent chemo-radiation therapy \> 4 weeks 7. prior radiation therapy (including stereotactic radiosurgery) \> 12 weeks exclusion criteria: 1. contraindication to tmz 2. prior anti-cancer therapy except standard of care (\*standard of care includes surgery, stupp regimen, and radiotherapy) 3. uncontrolled systemic medical illness 4. pregnancy
coronary ct angiography in asymptomatic diabetes mellitus

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: the study aims to examine if non-invasive imaging of the coronary arteries by ct angiography using an intra-venous injection of x-ray contrast medium in asymptomatic patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can predict the risk of developing coronary heart disease.

patients having diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for the development of coronary heart disease. available tests do not accurately predict which diabetic patients are at greatest risk of suffering from a coronary event. the recent development of coronary ct angiography allows non-invasive imaging of both coronary narrowing and of disease (atheroma) in the coronary arterial wall at an earlier stage of the disease before the development of coronary arterial narrowing. in this study we will collect all the readily available patient medical data relating to diabetes and its complications and other coronary artery disease risk factors. in addition patients will be referred for exercise stress testing and for eye examinations. the coronary ct angiogram will be carefully examined for early signs of coronary artery disease. in the event of a finding on the ct scan requiring medical therapy this will be communicated to the patient and his treating physician. in the event of a finding on the stress test or ct scan requiring further medical work-up the patient will be referred to the cardiology clinic. in general patients will be followed in the regular diabetic clinic and by their family practitioners. in the event of any acute symptoms over the next few years possibly related to heart disease and requiring emergency room examination patients will be requested to report to the emergency room at the hospital at which the ct study was performed whenever possible.in such an event a repeat ct scan will be performed to examine if any new findings are present. in the event of any new complaints requiring referral to an out of hospital clinic patients will be referred for further assessment to the cardiology clinic and a repeat ct scan may be performed if deemed relevant. outcomes of all patients will be examined at 2 years or later using computerized databases. patients undergoing hospitalization during the follow up period of at least 2-3 years will be contacted by the study staff to obtain further details of the event and hospital findings . an analysis wil be performed of the value of ct angiography in relation to the traditional risk factors and other available medical data in the prediction of later coronary heart disease and other vascular events.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * type ii diabetes mellitus * no symptoms of coronary heart disease * at least one additional risk factor for coronary artery disease exclusion criteria: * known coronary artery disease * kidney failure if more than mild * allergy to iodinated x-ray contrast media * chronic atrial fibrillation

Keywords: computed tomography diabetes mellitus coronary atherosclerosis non-invasive imaging