assessing motor imagery ability of tongue and mouth in subjects with and with no temporomandibular disorders

Conditions: Temporomandibular Disorder; Motor Imagery

Summary: temporomandibular disorder (tmd) is the symptomatic expression of a muscular or an articular impairment at the manducatory tract. tmd affects between 30 to 65% of the population with a higher prevalence for young women. the patients with dtm report a decrease of their personal, social and professional quality of life. treatment usually relies on physical therapy. among the different technics that can be used in physical therapy, there is growing evidence advocating the efficacy of using motor imagery (i.e. imagining a movement with no concomitant physical execution) during rehabilitation. it has also been shown that the benefits of practicing motor imagery depend on the ability (i.e., the higher the ability, the greater the benefits). however, there is no investigation of the motor imagery ability of the tongue and mouth movements conditioning the use of motor imagery during tmd rehabilitation. the objective of the study is to investigate the ability of imagining tongue and mouth movements using the tongue and mouth imagery questionnaire (tmiq) as compare to the gold-standard kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (kviq - malouin et al., 2007).

principal objective: assess the validity construct of the tongue and mouth imagery questionnaire (tmiq) as compare to the gold-standard kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (kviq - malouin et al., 2007), both measuring the motor imagery vividness. secondary objectives: 1. assess the reliability of the tmiq using a test-retest. 2. assess the temporal coupling (i.e., the ratio between imagined and physically practiced movement) and compare these ratios for the tmiq and kviq. 3. investigate the effect of tmd by comparing the vividness scores of tmiq for respectively subject with and with no tmd. 4. investigate the effect of tmd by comparing the vividness scores of kviq for respectively subject with and with no tmd. 5. investigate the effect of tmd by comparing the temporal coupling scores of tmiq for respectively subject with and with no tmd. 6. investigate the effect of tmd by comparing the temporal coupling scores of kviq for respectively subject with and with no tmd.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 18 and 75 years * a voluntary individual who has given informed consent after receiving clear, fair and appropriate information about the study. for dtm group participants * inclusion during the dtm rehabilitation in the physical therapy firm "cabinet saint alexandre". * beneficiary of the social security scheme exclusion criteria: * the presence of a short tongue brake (marchesan, 2005) * lingual immaturity evaluated by the tardieu test (jouannaud et al. 1972) * patients who had orthognathic surgery within 6 months post- operative, or facial fractures according to the same deadlines * the presence of peripheral facial palsy * current participation in another research whose objective would be the evaluation of a therapeutic, drug or not, introducing an experimental bias.

Keywords: orofacial myotherapies; physical therapy; assessment; questionnaire validation