Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
factors affecting early adult lung function

Conditions: Early Adult Lung Function; Small Airway Disease; Metabolic Syndrome

Summary: attainment of peak healthy lung function during the 18-26 yr window is a strong determinant of the rate of lung function decline during the later years of life. the attainment of a healthy peak lung function is mediated by pre and peri natal exposures ( in utero environment and nutrition) and exposure to environmental toxicants and nutrition during childhood and early adulthood. towards this indian birth cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal nutrition and anthropometry can provide invaluable insight into the factors affecting lung function growth and their effect sizes in the indian population. therefore, in this observational study, the investigator will be collecting data on lung function, current nutritional and environmental exposures and linking it to pre and peri natal data of the same participants in order to understand lung function growth and the reasons for an early decline in the indian population, using a life course approach.

introduction: attainment of peak healthy lung function during the 18-26 yr window is a strong determinant of the rate of lung function decline during the later years of life. the attainment of a healthy peak lung function is mediated by pre and peri natal exposures ( in utero environment and nutrition) and exposure to environmental toxicants and nutrition during childhood and early adulthood. towards this indian birth cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal nutrition and anthropometry can provide invaluable insight into the factors affecting lung function growth and their effect sizes in the indian population. therefore, in this observational study, the investigator will be collecting data on lung function, current nutritional and environmental exposures and linking it to pre and peri natal data of the same participants in order to understand lung function growth and the reasons for an early decline in the indian population, using a life course approach. sampling: f1 generation of previously registered indian birth cohorts, having collected comprehensive data on maternal exposures, nutrition and anthropometry. techniques employed: spirometry , forced oscillationtechnique, anthropometry, questionnaire, biochemical analysis of nutritional, immunomodulatory and inflammatory biomarkers.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * men and women * 18-30 years * mothers registered in the birth cohort * able to perform ios and spirometry exclusion criteria: * major systemic diseases like cardiac or renal problems * clinically significant anemia * bone deformity of chest or spine * muscular weakness * otherwise unable to participate in spirometry
biomarkers for clinical hypoxia evaluation in cervical cancer

Conditions: Cervical Cancer

Summary: patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (lacc) are primarily treated with radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy however 5-year survival rates are \<60% with significant treatment toxicity. hypoxia is a well-known radioresistant component of solid tumours such as cervical cancer and hypoxia modification therapies have demonstrated immense promise in treating such tumours. a major factor in determining a successful outcome with hypoxia modification is appropriate patient selection as it is hypoxic tumours that receive the most benefit from hypoxia modifying therapies. to date there is no validated hypoxia biomarker to stratify patients for therapy in cervical cancer in clinical use. this project offers a unique opportunity to examine both genetic and imaging biomarkers to optimise patient stratification when receiving curative radiotherapy for cervical cancer.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of cervical cancer * diagnostic/pre-treatment biopsy available * patients must be suitable for standard radiotherapy and brachytherapy * age greater than or equal to 18 years; no upper age limit * performance status - ecog 0-2 (refer to appendix 1) * women of childbearing age must have a negative pregnancy test prior to study entry and be using an adequate contraception method * before participant registration, written informed consent must be given according to gcp and national regulations. exclusion criteria: * participants deemed unsuitable for a biopsy (during or following radiotherapy) in the opinion of the treating oncologist. * patients with cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, intraocular foreign bodies or any other mr contraindication * patients with a hip replacement * patients with a known history of allergic reaction to gadolinium-based contrast agent * any contraindications to hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan) * any patient taking ace inhibitors. these should be stopped/substituted or they are a contraindication. * evidence of impaired renal function (egfr \<15 ml/min) * any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases which, in the view of the investigator, makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the study * evidence of significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding which, in the opinion of the investigator makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the study * any other serious uncontrolled medical conditions * clinical evidence of metastatic disease * any pregnant or lactating woman * any patient with a medical or psychiatric condition that impairs their ability to give informed consent * any patient who is currently involved in, or who has recently been involved in other research

Keywords: hypoxia radiotherapy gene expression imaging
cetuximab as induction treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc)

Conditions: Head and Neck Neoplasm

Summary: the aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab, docetaxel, cisplatin combination as induction therapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * unresectable, locally advanced (ct4b \&/or cn2-3) hnscc * ecog performance status 0-1 * age 18 or older than 18 years * measurable disease by recist criteria * having signed informed consent * alt and ast\<2.5 times uln * serum albumin level ≥3.0g/dl * serum akp \< 2.5 times uln * bilirubin level \< 1.5mg/dl * serum creatinine \<1.5 times uln * wbc\>3000/mm3, absolute neutrophil count ≥1500/mm3, platelet\>75,000/mm3, hb\>9g/dl exclusion criteria: * previous cytotoxic chemotherapy for hnscc * radiotherapy for targeted lesions within six months * previous egfr pathway-targeting therapy * prior surgery for cancer (excluding diagnostic biopsy within 4 weeks prior to study entry) * distant metastatic disease * heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction within the last 6 months * known allergy to any study treatment * pregnancy or lactation period * any investigational agent within the past 28 days * other previous malignancy within 5 year, except adequately treated in situ cervical cancer, or non-melanoma skin cancer * legal incapacity

Keywords: head and neck neoplasm cetuximab docetaxel cisplatin radiotherapy
testosterone replacement therapy in advanced chronic kidney disease

Conditions: Kidney Failure; Kidney Diseases

Summary: muscle wasting is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (ckd) and adversely affects morbidity and mortality. in 2/3 of males with advanced ckd serum testosterone (tt) levels are reduced, and likely contributes to the wasting. as tt in relatively safe physiologic replacement doses, increases muscle mass in otherwise normal tt deficient subjects, we hypothesize that physiologic tt replacement will be effective in preventing and treating the loss of muscle mass and function in ckd patients, will improve quality of life and may reduce some cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk factors.

all subjects will undergo baseline testing that will consist of functional capacity tests, blood tests and muscle biopsies (described in detail below). subjects will then receive testosterone gel which will be applied daily to the skin of the abdomen or thighs every morning at the same time for 16 weeks. two days after the hormone treatment is started, the blood testosterone (tt) level will be measured 6 hours after administration. our goal will be the attainment of serum total tt levels in the mid- to upper normal young adult range. if the serum tt is not at goal, the dose of gel will be increased or decreased repeat testing will be performed within one week. all subjects will be tested for serum tt levels every 4 weeks to assure that the serum total tt remains at goal level. measurements will be repeated at 8 and 16 weeks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria: ckd subjects; males with calculated gfr (mrdr equation) between 15 and 40 ml/min/1.73m2 and stable or slowly progressive renal failure (decline in function of \<1ml/min/month) including those patients requiring hemodialysis and serum testosterone levels of \<300 ng/ml and capable of safely performing required exercise testing and serum testosterone levels of \<300ng/ml and capable of safely performing required exercise testing. exclusion criteria: exclusion criteria: applicable to both ckd and control subjects. any unstable chronic medical condition, previous kidney transplant. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, active vasculitis, active autoimmune disease, malignancy(\ 35), alcoholism or other recreational drug use, active heart disease, angina, uncontrolled arrhythmias or myocardial infarct within past 3 months, peripheral vascular disease with claudication, active lung, liver or gi disease, sleep apnea, medically unstable subjects and subjects who received anabolic, catabolic or cytotoxic medications during the prior 3 months. history of prostate ca, psa \>4g/ml, or advanced bph (aua symptom score \> 21) and abnormal prostate on digital rectal examination. bone or joint abnormalities that would preclude exercise testing.
tri-modal imaging instrument for thyroid cancer

Conditions: Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Cancer; Thyroid Nodule

Summary: thyroid cancer affects 6,000 canadians each year. nodules on the thyroid are detected using ultrasound imaging and surgery is the most common treatment. however, most nodules are benign, and therefore a biopsy is needed to decide whether surgery is necessary. ultrasound imaging is very sensitive for localizing nodules, but does not differentiate between cancerous and benign ones. to address this limitation of us imaging, investigators have designed and constructed, in collaboration with sogang university, seoul, s. korea, a novel imaging system that performs complimentary imaging modalities (ultrasound (us), photoacoustic (pa)) that could potentially help diagnose nodules without the need for biopsy and unnecessary surgery.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. male or female patients with thyroid nodules (cancerous, benign or undetermined) 2. 18 years of age or older 3. have been consented to their standard-of-care surgery for resection of the thyroid (partial or complete) and lymph nodes (if applicable) 4. have had pre-surgical us imaging of the thyroid and lymph nodes exclusion criteria: 1. inability to provide informed consent 2. pre-operative therapy for current thyroid cancer (including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and radiotherapy) 3. history of photosensitivity or skin disease (exposure to laser light is involved in pa imaging) 4. pregnancy
glycemic control on coronary inflammation evaluated by fai in acs

Conditions: Inflammation Vascular

Summary: this study aimed to clarify the relationship between blood glucose control and the fai based pericoronary inflammation in low-risk acs patients with or without diabetes. the results of this study are expected to provide evidence that quantitative assessment of pericoronary fai helps monitor the local inflammatory activation in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control, therefore, pericoronary fai evaluation, as a noninvasive imaging biomarker, plays an important role in early detecting coronary atherosclerosis risk in diabetes and allow timely providing appropriate risk reduction strategies in patients at high risk for future cardiovascular events.

coronary inflammation has been shown to be a cause of the significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) in diabetic patients. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between coronary local inflammation detected by pericoronary fat attenuation index (fai) and different blood glucose control levels in low-risk acute coronary syndrome (acs) patients with or without diabetes.a total of 309 patients with low-risk acs were included in the analysis. patients were classified into three groups: non-diabetes, well-regulated diabetes and poorly regulated diabetes, depend on the presence or absence of diabetes and the glycemic control evaluated based on a target hba1c value of 7%. pericoronary fai around the proximal of left anterior descending artery (lad), left circumflex artery (lcx), and right coronary artery (rca) were evaluated by ccta, while systemic inflammatory variables and other biochemical indicators were detected by flow cytometry. the results of this study are expected to provide evidence that quantitative assessment of pericoronary fai helps monitor the local inflammatory activation in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control, therefore, pericoronary fai evaluation, as a noninvasive imaging biomarker, plays an important role in early detecting coronary atherosclerosis risk in diabetes and allow timely providing appropriate risk reduction strategies in patients at high risk for future cardiovascular events.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients exhibited chest pain but troponin negative who suspected of low-risk acs\[17\]; * patients underwent ccta examination before elective coronary angiography; * patients with at least one significant stenosis (≥50%) in major epicardial vessels based on coronary angiography. exclusion criteria: * patients with missing preprocedural hba1c values; * patients with insufficient image quality for fai analysis, * patients with previous history of coronary revascularization or myocardial infarction, or chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis, or malignant tumor, or immune system disorders, or statin use within 3 months

Keywords: diabetes mellitus acute coronary syndrome coronary inflammation coronary computed tomography angiography fat attenuation index
deep learning model predicts pathological complete response of lung cancer following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy

Conditions: Deep Learning Model; Pathological Complete Response; Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy

Summary: this study presents the development and validation of an artificial intelligence (ai) prediction system that utilizes pre-neoadjuvant immunotherapy plain scans and enhanced multimodal ct scans to extract deep learning features. the aim is to predict the occurrence of pathological complete response in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant immunochemotherapyy.

this study retrospectively obtained non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhanced ct scans of patients with nsclc who underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. at multiple centers between august 2019 and february 2023. deep learning features were extracted from both non-contract enhanced and contract enhanced ct scans to construct the predictive models (lunai-nct model and lunai-ect model), respectively. after feature fusion of these two types of features, a fused model (lunai-fct model) was constructed. the performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auc), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (ppv), and negative predictive value (npv). shapley additive explanations (shap) analysis was used to quantify the impact of ct imaging features on model prediction. to gain insights into how our model makes predictions, we employed gradient-weighted class activation mapping (grad-cam) to generate saliency heatmaps.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients' with non-small cell lung cancer, diagnosed through biopsy pathology and clinically classified as stage ib to iii; 2. patients who receive at least two cycles of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy induction therapy; 3. according to the iaslc guidelines, postoperative pathological evaluation was performed on the treatment response of the tumor primary lesion and lymph nodes. exclusion criteria: 1. missing or inadequate quality of ct; 2. time interval between ct and start of treatment is greater than 1 month; 3. incomplete clinicopathologic data.
imagery as biomarker of gout

Conditions: Hyperuricemia

Summary: the objective of this study is to determine whether msu crystal deposits visualized on ultrasound and/or dect are associated with the development of symptomatic gout (according to acr 2015 / eular criteria) over 5 years in hyperuricemic individuals.

cross-sectional studies have shown that 17% to 86% of people with apparently asymptomatic hyperuricemia have ultrasound evidence of monosodium urate (msu) crystal deposition. these observations suggest that this deposition constitutes the first stage of the clinical gout syndrome, which has led to a revised model of disease progression and staging. however, no longitudinal studies have been undertaken to determine whether such findings are needed for the development of gout, or to investigate pathological mechanisms responsible for the transition from asymptomatic crystalline deposit to gout. only a prospective cohort study of people at risk who are carefully and regularly followed can answer such questions. dual-energy computed tomography (dect) and ultrasound are the two imaging techniques that allow the visualization and quantification of msu crystals. ultrasound is the most widely used technique; it allows the identification of the deposit of crystals of on the surface of the cartilage (double contour sign) and of the tophi. the dect can detect the deposition of msu crystals in soft tissues as long as the amount of crystals exceeds the spatial resolution of the machine (about 250 μm). the international collaborative study tiger (transitions in gout research study) aims to address the question of the predictive value of the deposition of msu crystals "silent" in the development of gout, through an international cohort (7 countries) including 907 asymptomatic hyperuricaemic individuals. these individuals will have initial ultrasounds to investigate the presence of msu crystal deposits and a 5-year follow-up. given the aforementioned ultrasound reproducibility issues, dect analyzes will be added to the baseline assessment of tiger participants to provide exploratory data on dect as a potential biomarker for the impending development of gout.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * serum urate level ≥ 80 mg/l on inclusion, * no current or previous clinical symptoms of gout (including clinically apparent flares or tophus), * between 18 and 80 years old, * able to give informed consent. exclusion criteria: * gfr (glomerular filtration rate) \<30 ml / min / 1.73 m² or dialysis, * serious illness with a poor prognosis of less than 5 years, * autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, * change of geographical area within 5 years, * previous analysis of synovial fluid showing crystals of msu, * presence of subcutaneous tophi, * taking a hypouricaemic treatment (allopurinol, probenecid, benzbromarone, febuxostat, lesinurad), canakinumab, anakinra or colchicine, * uricemia observed only after an acute decompensation of comorbidity * pregnant or breastfeeding women

Keywords: dual-energy computed tomography hyperuricemia gout monosodium urate crystals
internet support for cancer patients

Conditions: Cancer; Breast Cancer; Prostate Cancer

Summary: cancer patients often experience multiple physical, functional and psychosocial symptoms, but have limited support while being at home between treatments and during rehabilitation. webchoice is a novel internet support system that extends traditional health services into patients' homes. the system allows patients to monitor symptoms over time, and provides access to evidence-based self-management options tailored to their reported symptoms as well as a communication area where patients can ask questions to a clinical nurse specialist in cancer care and exchange experiences with other cancer patients. this randomized clinical trial: 1. tests the effects of webchoice on primary outcomes of symptom distress, quality of life, depression and health service use, and secondary outcomes of self-efficacy, social support . we will also analyze: 2. relationships between primary and secondary outcomes; 3. how patients' symptom distress varies over time; 4. patients' preferences for participation in decision making about symptom management 5. how patients use webchoice, such as frequency of use, duration, most used components; 6. how patients' experience webchoice's usefulness and ease of use; 7. patterns and content of patients' communication with the cancer nurse and other patients. 325 cancer patients (189 breast cancer and 136 prostate cancer patients) were recruited from throughout norway through advertisements and invitation letters and the norwegian cancer registry. patients were randomly assigned to webchoice or the control group that received usual care. patients are being followed with 5 repeated measures over 12 months. data are being collected through questionnaires, from system logs, and from interviews that were conducted in subset of experimental group patients. the primary hypothesis will be tested with repeated measures ancova techniques. the other research questions will be answered using various inferential and descriptive techniques and through content analysis of messages and transcripts of patient interviews. this study can make a significant contribution to reduce unnecessary suffering and improve the quality of life for a large group of cancer patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * above 18 years * starting or currently undergoing treatment for breast or prostate cancer * internet access at home exclusion criteria: * patients who had received radiation on the brain as this may have affected their abilities to reliably report their symptoms.

Keywords: internet support tailored information self-management quality of life online messaging online discussion groups
effect of extraneal (icodextrin)on triglyceride levels in pd patients

Conditions: Peritoneal Dialysis; Hypertriglyceridemia

Summary: this is a phase iv study evaluating triglyceride levels in peritoneal dialysis patients.

this prospective, open label, multi-center study evaluates the use of 7.5% icodextrin used in the long-dwell exchange in peritoneal dialysis patients with elevated triglyceride levels. fasting triglyceride levels will be measured during the study.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * written informed consent * capd/apd on dialysis for at least 3 months * elevated fasting triglyceride levels exclusion criteria: * enrolled in another study requiring irb approval * allergy to starch-based polymers * glycogen storage disease * maltose or isomaltose intolerance * active alcohol/substance abuse * pregnant or nursing * received an investigational drug within 30 days of screening

Keywords: peritoneal dialysis hypertriglyceridemia extraneal(7.5% icodextrin)peritoneal dialysis solution