the effect of bilateral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block on perioperative period of hypophysectomy

Conditions: Pain; Nerve Block

Summary: the endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary procedures often cause intense pain which is difficult to suppress at the depth of conventional general anesthesia, resulting in severe hemodynamic fluctuations in patients. infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block can block the pain signal caused by the endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary theoretically, which has been proven to provide satisfactory analgesia after septorhinoplasty. however, whether bilateral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block can provide stable hemodynamics and reduce the hemodynamic fluctuation the patients undergoing endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary remains unclear.

surgical stimulation is one of the important factors leading to hemodynamic fluctuation and affecting postoperative recovery quality. the endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary procedures often cause intense pain because of there were numerous nerve endings at the surgical site which is originated from branches of the trigeminal nerve (including infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve). it's difficult to suppress intraoperative stimulation at the depth of conventional general anesthesia, resulting in severe hemodynamic fluctuations in patients. it's reported that pterygomaxillary fossa block can inhibit hypertension caused by surgical procedures, however the block may cause complications because of its complicated operations. infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block can block the pain signal caused by the endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary theoretically, which has been proven to provide satisfactory analgesia after septorhinoplasty. however, whether bilateral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block can reduce the pain in the patients undergoing endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary remains unclear. therefore, the investigators propose the hypothesis that preoperative bilateral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block could effectively reduce the pain in patients undergoing endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection of pituitary. the objective of this study is to observe the heart rate and blood pressure at a specific point in time during the operation and pain at 2, 8, 24, 48 hours postoperatively between adult patients receiving or not receiving bilateral infraorbital and infratrochlear nerve block.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 1. elective endoscopic binostril transnasal transsphenoidal resection * 2. patients aged between 18 and 65. * 3. american society of anesthesiologists (asa) physical status i, ⅱ and iii exclusion criteria: * 1. emergency operation. * 2. patients allergic to ropivacaine. * 3. infection nearby the puncture point. * 4. patients with preoperative usage of sedative and analgesic drugs with history of alcohol abuse. * 5. patient with renal insufficiency or hepatic failure. * 6. patients who have undergone craniotomy in the recent 6 months. * 7. pregnant or lactating women, being participating in other studies. * 8. patients unable to cooperate.