Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
intravenous azithromycin plus intravenous ceftriaxone followed by oral azithromycin with intravenous levofloxacin followed by oral levofloxacin for the treatment of moderate to severely ill hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia

Conditions: Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Summary: a trial in which patients over 18 years of age who are hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia and are otherwise eligible for entry into the study are randomly selected to receive one of two treatment regimens. after written informed consent is obtained, patients will receive one of the following two treatment regimens: 1) intravenous administration of azithromycin and ceftriaxone followed by azithromycin tablets, or 2) intravenous administration of levofloxacin followed by levofloxacin tablets. at least four study visits are normally conducted up to approximately one month after starting therapy. the objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of the two treatment regimens.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient must be 18 years or older. * patient must be hospitalized and require intravenous therapy for treatment of pneumonia. * patient must have pneumonia as documented by relevant signs and symptoms and a positive chest x-ray. * patients cannot have certain underlying diseases or conditions as defined in the study protocol. exclusion criteria: * pregnant women, nursing mothers, or women of childbearing potential not practicing adequate contraception. * known or suspected hypersensitivity or intolerance to any quinolone, penicillin, cephalosporin, or macrolide antibiotic. * treatment with any systemic antibiotic for 24 hours or longer within 72 hours prior to the baseline visit. * subjects with clinically significant renal dysfunction. * subjects with clinically significant hepatic dysfunction. * subjects with clinically significant cardiovascular disorders.
acute kidney injury after craniotomy

Conditions: Epidemiology; Acute Kidney Injury; Risk Factor

Summary: the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury (aki) in critically ill patients after craniotomy.

this was a prospective, single-center, cohort study that included adult patients who were admitted to the icu of beijing tiantan hospital from january 2017 to december 2018 after craniotomy and had a stay in the icu for ≥ 24 hours (patients with preoperative aki were excluded). data collected included patient demographics (age, gender, underlying diseases, baseline serum creatinine, etc.), primary diagnosis, perioperative information, disease severity scores, as well as the occurrence of hypernatremia and hyperchloremia within 48 hours after icu admission. for patients with aki, pre-aki sepsis and shock, and the recovery of renal function were recorded. all patients were followed until discharge, and information about prognosis was recorded. multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of aki.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients underwent craniotomy * admitted into icu ward and the icu length of stay ≥24h exclusion criteria: * age\< 18 years; * patients with pre-existing acute kidney injury (aki) and chronic kidney disease undergoing long-term renal replacement therapy (rrt) .

Keywords: incidence prognosis acute kidney injury risk factor post-craniotomy
mechanisms of tissue repair after muscle injury and tendon strain

Conditions: Muscle; Injury, Quadriceps (Thigh); Tendon Strain

Summary: the study is a 5-week human study including 24 18-35 year old healthy men. each participant will have muscle injury and tendon strain induced in one leg using neuromuscular electrical stimulation in conjunction with forced lengthening contractions. the investigators will monitor the recovery from injury/strain over a 4 week period, in which half of the subjects will receive growth hormone (somatropin) to stimulate the connective tissue synthesis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy men * bmi between 18.5-30 kg/m\^2 exclusion criteria: * smoking * regular strength training within the last 3 months * current or former use of anabolic steroids or growth hormone * use of corticosteroids in the last 3 months * use of blood thinning medication * use of medication which can affect muscle protein synthesis * current or former drug og alcohol abuse * knee pain * previous participation in studies using deuterated water or alanine tracers
calcitonin gene-related peptide in familial hemiplegic migraine (fhm) and migraine with aura (ma)

Conditions: Familial Hemiplegic Migraine; Migraine With Aura; Healthy

Summary: the aim of the present study is to explore the importance of migraine phenotype on the headache/migraine responses after cgrp in fhm-patients, ma-patients and healthy volunteers.

calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) induces migraine attacks indistinguishable from spontaneous attacks in a large proportion of migraine sufferers. treatment of spontaneous migraine attacks with an inhibitor of cgrp is effective in many patients. these data show that cgrp is involved in migraine pathophysiology. the importance of migraine genetics is disputed. evidence from fhm patients with known mutations indicates that migraine pathways in fhm may be different from normal migraine. the aim of the present study is to examine whether this difference also exists in fhm patients without known mutations. the project will improve our understanding of the neurobiology of migraine and stimulate development of new treatment targets.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of familial hemiplegic migraine (ihs-classification criteria) * diagnosis of migraine with aura(ihs-classification criteria) * healthy controls exclusion criteria: patients and controls: * a history of cerebrovascular disease and other cns- disease * a history of serious somatic and mental disease * a history suggesting ischaemic heart disease * a history of hypo- or hypertension * daily intake of medication apart from oral contraceptives * abuse of alcohol or medicine (opioid analgesics). * pregnant or breastfeeding women. * on the study day: * no intake of a simple analgesic in the previous 48 hours * no headache in the previous 48 hours

Keywords: fhm ma healthy controls cgrp
evaluation of the performance of investigational contact lenses in a presbyopic population

Conditions: Presbyopia

Summary: the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a novel multifocal lens system.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. subjects must read, understand, and sign the statement of informed consent and receive a fully executed copy of the form. 2. subjects must appear able and willing to adhere to the instructions set forth in the clinical protocol. 3. subjects must be between 40 and 70 years of age. 4. subjects' spherical equivalent distance refraction must be in the range of -3.75 to +3.75 in each eye. 5. subjects' refractive cylinder must be less than or equal to 0.75d in each eye. 6. subjects' add power must be in the range of +0.75 to +2.50d in each eye. 7. subjects' must have the best corrected visual acuity of 20/20-3 or better in each eye. 8. subjects' should own a wearable pair of spectacles. 9. subjects' must be an adapted soft contact lens wearer in both eyes (i.e. worn lenses a minimum of 2 days per week for at least 8 hours per wear day, for 1 month or more duration). 10. subjects' must respond positively to at least on symptom on the "presbyopis symptoms questionnaire" or already be wearing a presbyopic contact lens correction (e.g. reading spectacles over contact lenses, multifocal or monovision contact lenses, etc.). exclusion criteria: 1. currently pregnant or lactating (subjects who become pregnant during the study will be discontinued). 2. any ocular or systemic allergies or diseases that may interfere with contact lens wear. 3. any systemic disease, autoimmune disease, or use of medication, which may interfere with contact lens wear. 4. any previous intraocular surgery (e.g. radial keratotomy, prk, lasik, etc.) 5. any grade 3 or greater slit lamp findings (e.g. edema, corneal neovascularization, corneal staining, tarsal abnormalities, conjunctival injection) which may contraindicate contact lens wear. 6. any ocular infection. 7. any corneal distortion resulting from previous hard or rigid gas permeable contact lens wear. 8. history of binocular vision abnormality or strabismus. 9. any infectious disease (e.g. hepatitis, tuberculosis) or contagious immunosuppressive disease (e.g. hiv). 10. history of diabetes. 11. participation in any contact lens or lens care product clinical trial within 7 days prior to study enrollment.
genes and environment in multiple sclerosis

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis

Summary: the purpose of the research study is to identify the genetic, environmental and immune profiles that may increase a person's risk of developing multiple sclerosis (ms). while ms is not a disease caused by a single variation in genetic material (dna), a single environmental factor, or a single malfunction in immune cells, there are genetic alterations, environmental exposures and immunologic factors that make the development of ms more likely. obtaining information about who is at risk for ms will be beneficial in the future if the investigators can identify effective ways to prevent or slow down the progression of this disease.

ms is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system (white bloods cells that normally fight infection) becomes misdirected and attacks healthy tissue. in patients with ms, the misdirected white blood cells attack myelin, a lining that insulates the nerves found in the brain and spinal cord. this results in inflammation and damage in the myelin. loss of this protective lining disrupts nerve impulses and causes abnormal function in the nervous system. this large research study will ultimately enroll 5000 subjects who are at risk of developing ms.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * first degree relatives of patients with ms, or * patients who have received anti-tnfa therapy as treatment for inflammatory diseases other than ms such as crohn's disease, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, or * patients that have been referred for an evaluation of first presentation of neurologic symptoms but do not have a diagnosis of ms * live in the united states exclusion criteria: * does not match any of the inclusion criteria

Keywords: genomic analysis online surveys biological specimen collection
proteomics to identify prognostic markers after cpr and to estimate neurological outcome

Conditions: Cardiac Arrest

Summary: proteomics is used to identify prognostic markers after cpr. additionally neurological outcome should be estimated by specific protein alterations and affections of pathways.

proteomics is used to identify prognostic markers after cpr, i.e. altered proteins on a 2g-gel. additionally neurological outcome should be estimated by specific protein alterations and affections of pathways.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * cardiac arrest exclusion criteria: * trauma

Keywords: cpr
tap vs caudal block using dexmedetomidine/ bupivacaine for post operative analgesia

Conditions: Analgesia, Epidural

Summary: caudal epidural block is a well-established and commonly performed regional neuraxial technique for providing intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in children scheduled for lower abdomen/perineal surgical interventions. although the efficacy and safety of caudal epidural block are fairly high, the associated complications, such as inadvertent dural puncture, unwarranted motor blockade of the lower limbs, and disturbance of bladder function, limit its use. furthermore, a major limitation of an uncomplicated caudal epidural block when administered as a "single-shot" technique is its brief duration of action (up to 6 hours), which makes administration of additional analgesics necessary .

ultrasonography guidance, by virtue of real-time visualization of the muscle layers and fascial planes, has significantly facilitated practice of regional nerve blockade for it offers confirmation of the spread of the local anesthetic drug in the correct space. interestingly, there has been a reinvigoration of interest in ultrasonography-guided transversus abdominis plane block in children since its emergence as a valid postoperative analgesia alternative in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. transversus abdominis plane block involves blockade of spinal afferent nerves in the neurofascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle. whereas the advantages (reduction in pain intensity/analgesic requirements) of ultrasonography-guided transversus abdominis plane block have been well documented in adults in the first 48 hours post surgery, in children, its use as a primary postoperative analgesia technique remains limited. caudal anesthesia is easy to perform in younger children; however, its main disadvantage is the short duration of action. even bupivacaine, along-acting local anesthetic drug, can provide only4-8 h of analgesia. dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alfa2 agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. it has an alfa1/2 selectivity ratio of 1600 : 1, which is eight times more potent than clonidine (200 : 1)\[16\]. dex has been used effectively in intensive care to aid weaning from mechanical ventilation and is being used increasingly in children

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients 2-8 years exclusion criteria:

Keywords: dexmedetomidine pediatrics; postoperative; analgesia; caudal
comfort and quality of life of patients at the end of life

Conditions: End of Life

Summary: a research to evaluate the effect of nursing care practices based on kolcaba's comfort theory on the comfort levels and quality of life of end-of-life patients. purpose: the study was carried out as a semi-experimental posttest with independent groups and a control group, in order to determine the effect of nursing care interventions on the patient's quality of life comfort level, based on kolcaba's comfort theory. end-of-life patients. materials and methods: this study compared 30 experimental and 30 control patients, aged between 25-70, at least primary school graduate, staying in the palliative care unit. he used the unit for at least two weeks and agreed to be part of this study. while the patients in the experimental group were cared for according to the nursing care plan based on kolcaba's comfort theory, the patients in the control group were treated with the institution's standard care plan. the results were evaluated according to the standard comfort scale and the general quality of life scale.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * between 25-70 years old, * communicable, * at least primary school graduates, * hospitalized in the unit for at least 2 weeks, and who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. exclusion criteria: * all patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria and patients who were included in the study but died within 2 weeks were excluded from the study.

Keywords: comfort nurse care
posterior nasal nerve (pnn) rhinitis study

Conditions: Chronic Rhinitis

Summary: evaluation of the aerin medical device used for the treatment of chronic rhinitis

this is a non-significant risk, prospective, multi-center, non-randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the aerin medical device (inseca stylus) when used to deliver radiofrequency (rf) energy to the posterior nasal nerve area to improve symptoms in those diagnosed with chronic rhinitis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 22 to 75 years (inclusively) 2. willing and able to provide informed consent 3. willing and able to comply with the subject-specific requirements outlined in the study protocol 4. seeking treatment for chronic rhinitis symptoms of at least 6 months duration and willing to undergo an office-based procedure 5. moderate to severe symptoms of rhinorrhea (rtnss rating of 2 or 3 for rhinorrhea) 6. mild to severe symptoms of nasal congestion (rtnss rating of 1, 2 or 3 for congestion) 7. rtnss score of greater than or equal to 6 8. dissatisfaction with medical management, defined as usage of intranasal steroids for a minimum of 4 weeks without adequate symptom relief, as judged by the subject exclusion criteria: 1. anatomic obstructions that in the investigator's opinion limit access to the posterior nose 2. altered anatomy of the posterior nose as a result of prior sinus or nasal surgery or injury 3. active nasal or sinus infection 4. moderate to severe ocular allergic symptoms (such as eye tearing \[epiphora\], itching \[pruritus\], or redness \[erythema\]) 5. history of significant dry eye 6. history of any of the following: nose bleeds in the past 3 months, rhinitis medicamentosa, head or neck irradiation 7. known or suspected allergies or contraindications to the anesthetic agents and/or antibiotic medications to be used during the study procedure session 8. known or suspected to be pregnant, or is lactating 9. participating in another clinical research study 10. other medical conditions which in the opinion of the investigator would predispose the subject to poor wound healing, increased surgical risk, or poor compliance with the requirements of the study
perioperative mechanism of acute kidney injury in cardiovascular surgery

Conditions: Pathogenesis; Acute Kidney Injury; Cardiac Surgery

Summary: continuous observation of acute renal injury after cardiac surgery, at the same time retention of blood samples, to test indicators，and to select the research route from the clinical actual test results .


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients undergoing selective cardiac surgery, aged between 18 and 80. exclusion criteria: * normal range of creatinine before operation
prevention of trauma-related infections through an embedded clinical trials network

Conditions: Surgical Site Infection

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of 2 prophylactic antibiotic regimens, ertapenem and cefazolin with metronidazole, in preventing organ space surgical site infections (os-ssi) after emergency trauma laparotomy embedded into routine clinical care and to validate a bayesian os-ssi risk calculator using trauma quality improvement program (tqip) standardized variables


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * trauma laparotomy within 90 minutes of arrival exclusion criteria: * patients with a known allergy to cephalosporins or β-lactamase inhibitors * prisoners * pregnant and lactating women
pediloc® blade plate in distal femoral osteotomies

Conditions: Osteotomy of Lower Extremity

Summary: background: the pediloc® locking cannulated blade plate system, originally designed for proximal femoral osteotomies, has also been used for multidimensional deformity correction of the distal femur. this study describes the surgical technique and retrospectively analyses consolidation rates of distal femoral osteotomies using this system, comparing them to distal femoral osteotomies using the depuy synthes® 90°lcp pediatric condylar plate. materials and methods: a retrospective review was conducted for patients who underwent distal femoral osteotomy with the pediloc® blade plate (blade plate) and the depuy synthes® 90°lcp pediatric condylar plate (90°lcp-pcp) at the university children's hospital zurich (2020-2024). consolidation rates were assessed using reborn-, rust-, and modified rust-scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively and compared using an unpaired t-test. geometric planes of osteotomy were analysed, and a stepwise correction technique was described.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients that underwent distal femoral osteotomies * informed consent exclusion criteria: * intraoperative technical error * missing data * missing ic

Keywords: locking plate system blade plate distal femoral osteotomy flexion contracture deformities multidimensional osteotomies pediatric orthopedics surgical technique
the effect of medical exercise therapy on pain, function and physical activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee

Summary: the aim of the project is to investigate effects of medical exercise therapy (met) on patients with knee osteoarthritis. met is a common physical therapy intervention, and the project aim to strengthen the evidence of this intervention. an experimental cohort design is chosen, and 20 participants will be followed for 6 months. assessments will be clinical tests, questionnaires and accelerometer measurements before, during, and after a 3 month period of exercise (3 days per week) with a physical therapist. the project will answer if a 3 month physical therapy intervention using met causes changes in pain level, function and activity level for patients with knee osteoarthritis. in addition, it will investigate whether a single global endurance workout for 30 minutes will have an effect on pain level for these patients


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * x-ray verified knee osteoarthritis (kellegren \& lawrence grade i-iii) * loss of function and withstanding pain \>3 months exclusion criteria: * physical therapy treatment during the last 3 months * knee injury * inflammatory arthritis * symptoms from the hip joints greater than the knee pain * planned knee surgery the next 6 months * heart and lung disorders or other health issues affecting the ability to complete the intervention

Keywords: exercise therapy musculoskeletal pain knee osteoarthritis physical therapy modalities