Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
gain-framed messages and nrt for lung cancer screening patients

Conditions: Lung Cancer Screening; Smoking Cessation

Summary: this research is a randomized smoking cessation trial conducted within and specifically personalized for lung cancer screening patients presenting to a lung screening clinic. novel tobacco treatments for this population are critically needed, given the growing population of lung screening patients, which will grow dramatically now that lung screening is an approved cms benefit. in the proposed study, we will test a gain-framed messaging intervention specifically designed for lung screening patients (vs. unframed messaging), as well as evaluating nrt sampling (vs. no medication) at 2 study sites. our project is designed to be translational (in that it can be transferable from our controlled efficacy study to other lung screening programs).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. 50 years or older 2. at least a 20-pack year history of smoking 3. current smoker (defined as any smoking in the past 30 days) 4. willing to be randomized 5. english speaking exclusion criteria: 1. unstable psychiatric/medical conditions such as suicidal ideation, acute psychosis, severe alcohol dependence, or dementia, 2. known allergy to adhesives 3. being in the immediate (within 2 weeks) post myocardial infarction period 4. serious arrhythmias 5. unstable angina pectoris 6. hemodynamically or electrically unstable. 7. current participation in another tobacco treatment program (e.g., using medication from a primary care doctor, quitline, etc.)
nausea in patients receiving hydromorphone vs oxycodone after total hip replacement surgery

Conditions: Nausea

Summary: the study aims to compare the incidence of side effects caused by oxycodone and hydromorphone.

nausea and vomiting in the post-operative period is considered strongly undesirable by patients and has adverse effects on recovery from outpatient procedures, contributing significantly to delays in discharge from recovery. a know major contributor to the occurrence of post-operative nausea and vomiting is the use of opiate medications which are the cornerstone of post-operative pain management. the investigators hypothesize that the occurrence of this side-effect is different between patients prescribed oxycodone and those receiving hydromorphone for acute pain management after total hip replacement surgery. this investigation is a randomized, double-blind, head-to-head comparison to equipotent administration of oxycodone vs. hydromorphone to determine whether such a difference exists.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiologists physical status classification system 1-3 * age 18-85 years * patients undergoing hip replacement surgery under spinal anesthesia exclusion criteria: * patient refusal * contraindication or refusal of spinal anesthesia * inability to provide informed consent * history of dementia * intolerance or allergy to oxycodone or hydromorphone * chronic opioid use or chronic pain disorder * pregnancy * history of drug addiction * history of major psychiatric illness

Keywords: nausea
local injection of pain medication to reduce pain after bone marrow procedures in pediatric neuroblastoma patients

Conditions: Neuroblastoma

Summary: the purpose of this study is to identify whether or not the addition of a numbing medicine that is injected directly into the site of the bone marrow procedure can reduce pain and the use of opioid pain medication after bone marrow procedures. the addition of this medicine, called ropivacaine, is the experimental part of this study. this is the first time ropivacaine will be directly injected into the bone marrow site at mskcc pediatrics.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of neuroblastoma as defined by the international neuroblastoma risk group staging system (inrgss)22 * 3 - 18 years of age * patient has had prior bone marrow procedures * english speaking exclusion criteria: * history of allergy to investigational agent: ropivacaine or other amino amide analgesics * history of allergy to standard agent: propofol * chronic daily opioid requirement * lansky/karnofsky score \< 60 * inability to comply with protocol requirements including refusal to forego pre-procedural opioid use * patient is receiving additional potentially painful interventions (e.g. central line insertion/removal) concurrent with the bone marrow procedure

Keywords: local injection pain medication propofol ropivacaine 16-1417
metabolic effects of the manipulation of nutrient sequence in the main meals in type 2 diabetic patients

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: the investigators aimed at evaluating the metabolic effects of the inversion of the typical italian sequence of food ingestion at the main meals in type 2 diabetic patients.

an intervention group follows a modified diet over a period of two months in which the ingestion of protein and lipid happens before that of carbohydrates. a control group follows a standardized diet in which the ingestion of carbohydrates happens before that of protein and lipid. both diets contain a reduced intake of high-glycemic index meals, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids and alcohol. on four days separated by one month each other (two before the beginning of the diet and two after 1 month and 2 months of diet) we measure clinical and metabolic parameters (weight, waist and hip circumferences, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine, lipid profile) to compare the effects of the two diets.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * well-controlled type 2 diabetes * hba1c 48-58 mmol/mol (6.5-7.5%) * treatment with metformin or diet only * bmi: \< 35 kg/m\^2 exclusion criteria: * autoimmune diseases, neoplasia, heart, kidney, liver or respiratory failure * pregnancy * bariatric surgery

Keywords: diabetes mellitus diet nutrient sensing
exercise target brain oscillations in psychosis

Conditions: Psychosis; Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder

Summary: previous studies have shown that cardiorespiratory fitness (how well the heart and lungs are able to function during physical activity) is often reduced in people with psychosis. the goal of this research study is to test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise can lead to small changes in brain functioning that can influence visual perception and attention in psychosis. the type of aerobic exercise used in this study is called sprint interval training, or "sit". information from this study will help to develop interventions that enhance cognition and maximize the quality of life for persons living with psychosis. the exercise procedure used is called sit, which involves training rigorously on a stationary bike for a short period of time followed by a resting period.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * meet diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder * are age 18-64 * fluent in written and spoken english * have an outpatient status of at least 1 month prior to participation * has been on a stable dose of psychiatric medication for at least one month prior to participation (titration to a lower dose of psychotropic medications under supervision of a psychiatrist can be allowed at the discretion of the investigators) exclusion criteria: * current or possibility of current pregnancy (self-reported) * active suicidal ideation at screening or baseline assessments, or previous intent to act on suicidal ideation with a specific plan, preparatory acts, or an actual suicide attempt within the last 3 months, as indicated by the c-ssrs * wtar standardized score below 70 * american college of sports medicine contraindication to exercise

Keywords: psychosis schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder exercise cognition attention
pilot trial of antibiotics versus surgery for treating acute appendicitis

Conditions: Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis

Summary: the major goal of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of conducting a multi-center randomized clinical trial of antibiotic therapy versus appendectomy for the treatment of patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis by conducting a single-site pilot study so as to optimize the chance of a large multi-center clinical trial's future success.

this will be a single-site open clinical trial in which subjects with acute uncomplicated appendicitis are randomized to one of two initial treatment strategies, surgery with peri-operative antibiotics or antibiotics alone, with surgical rescue if necessary.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult or child ages ≥5 years; * diagnosis of acute uncomplicated appendicitis, confirmed by ct, ultrasound and/or mri performed within 24 hours of consent, as read by an attending radiologist, and confirmed by consultation of an attending surgeon; * ability to provide written informed consent (and for subjects ages 5-17, consent from their parent/guardian and assent if applicable); and * negative pregnancy test for subjects who are women of childbearing potential. exclusion criteria: * instability/severe sepsis, appendiceal perforation by imaging, serious co-morbidities limiting randomization, pregnancy, and inability to complete the treatment protocol.

Keywords: appendicitis non operative management appendectomy
pilot study of 18f-dcfpyl pet/ct in the evaluation of men with an elevated psa following radical prostatectomy

Conditions: Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Summary: this pilot study aims to investigate the diagnostic utility of 18f-dcfpyl, a novel low-molecular weight psma pet/ct imaging agent, in men with an elevated psa following radical prostatectomy.

18f-dcfpyl is a novel low-molecular weight psma imaging agent. a recent study of patients with metastatic prostate cancer found that psma pet/ct identified more sites of disease than conventional imaging with ct, mri and bone scan. in this study we aim to investigate 18f-dcfpyl pet/ct in patients with an elevated psa following radical prostatectomy. during the course of this study, patients will undergo two 18f-dcpyl pet/ct scans. the first scan will take place within 45 days of staging imaging and the second will take place following six months of standard of care therapy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≥18 years * history of adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with radical prostatectomy * serum psa level ≥0.2 ng/ml at least 45 days prior to study enrollment * completed staging evaluation with bone scan as well as ct or mri of the abdomen and pelvis at least 45 days prior to study enrollment exclusion criteria: * intention to enroll in a blinded therapeutic clinical trial * history of other malignancy diagnosed within the last three years (the exception of squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma of the skin)
can parecoxib reduce post-operative ipsilateral shoulder pain?

Conditions: Shoulder Pain; Post-operative Pain

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of parecoxib with placebo on the incidence and severity of postthoracotomy shoulder pain, the amount of analgesic requirement for relieving severity of postthoracotomy shoulder pain and adverse events associated with treatment.

the incidence of post-operative ipsilateral shoulder pain (pisp) varies from 21-97% after thoracic surgery, despite receiving effective thoracic epidural analgesia. this pain has been described as constant, aching in quality, unrelated to position change or respiration. possible causes of shoulder pain includes injury of the phrenic nerve, the lateral decubitus position, transection of major bronchus or preexisting arthritis condition. the possibilities of prevention and management of pisp are taken into consideration. thoracic epidural block will be performed in all patients before general anesthesia.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiology (asa) physical status i-iii * undergoing pulmonary resection by open thoracotomy exclusion criteria: * unable to understand numeric rating scale despite preoperative coaching * preexisting shoulder pain at the same operative side * having contraindication for thoracic epidural analgesia * history of previous myocardial ischemia or cerebrovascular accident * allergic to nsaids, sulfonamides or parecoxib * hepatic or renal impairment * history of current gastrointestinal symptoms * fluid retention or congestive heart failure * pregnancy
an accessible low-cost plant treatment for cutaneous ulcers

Conditions: Yaws; Cutaneous; Cutaneous Ulcer; Yaws

Summary: in a search for accessible treatment options, plant medicines used by different communities in papua new guinea have been tested to identify the sap of the tree, ficus septica, as a promising antibacterial agent in vitro. this is an open label clinical trial using an interventional approach, to compare the effect of the antiseptic plant sap and standard topical antiseptic, on the rate of wound development prevention and bacterial growth. if shown to be effective, this readily available plant medicine can provide a zero-cost treatment option in remote areas of png.

the cutaneous ulcer is a painful and debilitating bacterial infection that is common in rural areas of papua new guinea (png). systematic treatment with topical antiseptics such as chlorhexidine cream in theory represents a viable treatment option, but in reality, effective treatment of cutaneous ulcers in papua new guinea is greatly hindered by the remote and highly inaccessible areas that affected communities often live in. in a search for more accessible treatment options, plant medicines used by different communities in papua new guinea have been tested to identified the sap of the tree, ficus septica, as a promising antibacterial agent in vitro. the sap displays comparable activity to chlorhexidine in disc diffusion assays with gram-positive bacterial wound pathogens. it also appears to dampen the pro-inflammatory responses of neutrophils by down regulating interleukin-6 expression. the sap forms a flexible plastic-like wound covering which may help deter flies from feeding on the wounds, and unlike chlorhexidine cream, the ficus tree is easy to find where affected communities live. for this reason, this study aims to perform an open label clinical trial using an interventional approach, to compare the effect of this antiseptic plant sap and of a standard topical antiseptic, on the rate of wound development prevention and bacterial growth. if shown to be effective, this readily available plant medicine can provide a zero-cost treatment option in remote areas of png.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: -children aged 5 to 15 with parental consent and with one or more skin breaks of any nature (i.e. skin cuts, scratch, scrapes or abrasion and mosquito bites) that are less than 1cm in major diameter. written informed consent by parent or guardian will be required before enrolment. exclusion criteria:: * all participants who have received medical treatment for skin ulcers up to 2 months prior to recruitment (azithromycin, amoxicillin, benzathine penicillin, etc.). * patients who require antibiotic treatment for another condition not-related to the study. * known history of hypersensitivity, allergic or adverse reaction to the study product. * patients presenting cutaneous ulcer more than 1cm
effect of weight loss on myocardial metabolism and cardiac relaxation in obese adults

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: obesity adversely affects myocardial (muscular heart tissue) metabolism, efficiency, and diastolic function. the objective of this study was to determine if weight loss could improve obesity-related myocardial metabolism and efficiency and if these improvements were directly related to improved diastolic function.

this was a prospective, interventional study in obese adults ages 21 to 50 years of age to determine whether weight loss could improve obesity-related myocardial metabolism and efficiency. two different mechanisms of weight loss were studied: diet and exercise and gastric bypass surgery. positron emission tomography (pet) was used to quantitate myocardial oxygen consumption (mvo2) and myocardial fatty acid (fa) metabolism. echocardiography with tissue doppler imaging was used to quantify cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function (left ventricular (lv) relaxation (e') and septal ratio (e/e')).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * body mass index (bmi) \> 30 kg/m\^2 * sedentary lifestyle exclusion criteria: * body weight \>159 kg * insulin-requiring diabetes * heart failure * history of coronary artery disease * chest pain * untreated sleep apnea * being an active smoker * pregnant, lactating, or postmenopausal

Keywords: heart metabolism obesity weight loss gastric bypass surgery diet and exercise
mental stress, autonomic function, and heart disease

Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Coronary Disease

Summary: to examine the vagal, vascular sympathetic, and mechno-structural components of baroreflex regulation in coronary artery disease (cad) patients and healthy age-matched controls during rest and acute laboratory stress.

background: the strong association between mental stress and morbid cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (cad) patients may derive from stress-induced cardiac ischemia due to exaggerated increases in vascular resistance and arterial pressure. in fact, this may explain part of the prognostic relationship of baroreflex cardiac vagal control to cardiovascular outcome among cad patients. the hemodynamic responses to psychological stress are buffered by the arterial baroreflex; thus, exaggerated pressor responses to mental stress may result from impaired baroreflex regulation in cad patients. design narrative: the study has three components. the first component characterizes the relationships between vascular stiffness and baroreflex regulation among cad patients, also contrasting healthy control subjects with cad patients. the second component examines, in relation to individual differences in pharmacologically derived estimates of baroreflex function, changes in autonomic and baroreflex control during laboratory psychological stress among cad patients and among healthy control subjects. the third component tests the hypothesis that impaired baroreflex regulation in cad patients, due to increased vascular stiffness and/or attenuated autonomic control, is associated with exacerbated hemodynamic reactions to psychological stress. bolus vasoactive drug infusions in combination with finapres beat-by-beat arterial pressures and carotid b-mode ultrasonography are used to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity and arterial stiffness. baroreflex adjustments to psychological stress are assessed by power spectral-derived relations between arterial pressure and cardiac chronotropy during a mental arithmetic task and a speech task. the degree to which indices of baroreflex function are associated with hemodynamic responses to psychological stress among cad patients is assessed.

Eligibility criteria:
no eligibility criteria
performance and safety of the globe® mapping and ablation system with the gps™ module for the treatment of atrial fibrillation

Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: this study will evaluate the safety and acute performance of the globe® mapping and ablation system with the gps™ module intended to conduct electroanatomic mapping and ablation treatment of subjects with atrial fibrillation (af).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. ≥18 years old and ≤75 years old 2. symptomatic af with at least one af episode electrocardiographically documented within one (1) year prior to enrolment. documentation may include diagnosis in the patient medical files, electrocardiogram (ecg), trans-telephonic monitoring (ttm), holter monitor or telemetry strip. 3. selected for catheter ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation exclusion criteria: 1. history of previous left atrial ablation or surgical treatment for af/afl/at 2. contraindication for either catheter ablation or epicardial surgery (including, but not limited to: previous thoracic radiation, previous perimyocarditis, previous cardiac tamponade, pleural adhesions, and prior thoracotomy) 3. presence of la thrombus by tee, ct scan, mri, or angiography 4. known conditions or anatomical abnormality that may interfere with the device delivery or positioning (e.g. myxoma, tumour, calcification, venous access path narrowing, or tortuosity) 5. planned concomitant cardiac surgery procedures besides af treatment (valve, coronary, others) 6. uncontrolled heart failure or nyha class iii or iv heart failure 7. valve repair or replacement or presence of a prosthetic valve 8. coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac surgery, or valvular cardiac surgical procedure within the past 6 months 9. mi or pci procedure within 3 months before screening 10. left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef) \< 40% 11. presence of implanted pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (icd) 12. severe pulmonary hypertension or prior pulmonary stenting 13. history of cerebrovascular disease, including stroke or transient ischemic attack (tia) within 6 months prior to enrollment 14. contraindication to anticoagulation (e.g., heparin) 15. history of blood clotting or bleeding disease
motec versus remotion total wrist arthroplasty - a prospective study

Conditions: Non-rheumatoid Wrist Arthritis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the results between motec and remotion wrist arthroplasty in the treatment of non-rheumatoid wrist arthritis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with painful non-rheumatoid wrist arthritis (posttraumatic arthritis and late stage kienboeck's disease) * age 18-70 years * asa class 1-3
manipulative and massage therapy in the lower thoracic and cervical spine in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome

Conditions: Fibromyalgia

Summary: objective: compare degree of improvement can reach patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome, by treatment with manipulative and massage techniques versus an exercise program for lower thoracic and cervical spine. study design: a single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (fms). setting: clinical setting. methods: sixty-four subjects with fms were randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving manipulative and massage therapy, or to a control group for exercise program.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosed fibromyalgia syndrome. * limitation of usual activities due to pain on at least 1 day in the previous 30 days. * agreement to attend evening therapy sessions. * non-practice of regular physical activity. exclusion criteria: * a history of surgery. * the presence of comorbid conditions (e.g., morbid obesity, inflammatory diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis). * a history of whiplash injury. * severe physical disability. * uncontrolled endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperthyroidism, diabetes). * illness (e.g., schizophrenia or substance abuse). * the use of medication other than as-needed analgesics (excluding long-term narcotics). * malignancy. * psychiatric disorders. * a score of ≥ 9 points in the beck depression inventory.

Keywords: physical therapy modalities exercises musculoskeletal manipulations