Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
primary or secondary drowning

Conditions: Drowning; Drowning; Anoxia; Drowning, Near; Drowning in Swimming Pool; Drowning; Asphyxia; Drowning/Diving/SCUBA Accident; Drowning or Immersion of Unknown Intent; Drowning and Submersion, Undetermined Intent; Drowning and Submersion While in Bath-Tub; Drowning and Submersion While in Natural Water; Drowning and Submersion Due to Sailboat Sinking; Drowning and Submersion Due to Fall Off Ship; Drowning and Submersion While in Swimming-Pool

Summary: according to who's rules, any death certificate must state the underlying cause of death and contributory causes of death may also be stated. differentiating between primary and secondary drowning is difficult, as information preceding the drowning incident is rarely available. yet, knowing the most frequent causes of secondary drowning may provide useful information to healthcare professionals working in prehospital emergency medical services, as this may affect prehospital treatment.

the annual death statistics are based solely on the underlying cause of death, that is the disease or condition which started the process that led to death. the conditions that directly caused the death are also to be stated by the physician on the death certificate and may be included in the statistics. in research projects, data on those contributory causes of death may be drawn from the register. it is now the medical doctor who has verified the death and issued the death certificate indicating the underlying and contributory causes of death, who also classifies these causes in accordance with icd-10 and fills in the coded data on the electronic death certificate. the danish register of causes of death is, thus, updated without central validation of the classification and relies entirely on the coding done by individual physicians. this study aims to characterise fatal drowning incidents as primary or secondary drownings and report the frequencies of secondary drowning causes.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all drowning patients registered in the danish prehospital drowning data and * having a fatal outcome within 30 days after the drowning incident and * having a valid civil registration number in the danish prehospital drowning data * being able to link data from the danish register of causes of death exclusion criteria: * patients alive 30 days after the drowning incident * patients with an invalid civil registration number in the danish prehospital drowning data * patients where data cannot be retrieved from the danish register of causes of death

Keywords: drowning epidemiology danish prehospital drowning data danish drowning formula registry cohort autopsy cause of death death certificate database denmark utstein
olanzapine for cancer related anorexia-cachexia syndrome

Conditions: Anorexia; Cachexia

Summary: cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is one of the common conditions in cancer patients. olanzapine has been demonstrated to reduce chemotherapy-induced anorexia. however, there is scarce information regarding olanzapine as a treatment of cancer anorexia among patients who does not receive chemotherapy. therefore, this randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine to lessen cancer cachexia-anorexia syndrome.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pathologically or cytologically metastatic or locally advanced cancer * anorexia and \>=5% weight loss during the past 6 months or anorexia with numerical scale of anorexia \>=5 * ecog performance status 0-3 * able to complete questionaire and able to swallow pills exclusion criteria: * receiving chemotherapy or anti-cancer systemic therapy * life expectancy longer than 1 month * received radiotherapy at head/neck or thoracic or upper abdomen in the past 2 weeks * surgery within 4 weeks * pregnancy * serum bilirubin \> 2 mg/dl or serum cr \> 2 mg/dl * current use of olanzapine or other antipsychotic drug * known cardiac arrhythmia, uncontrolled brain metastasis, history of seizure or acute coronary event in the past 6 months

Keywords: cancer anorexia olanzapine
relationship between red cell distribution width (rdw) and hba1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after glycemic control

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: diabetes mellitus (dm) is an epidemic disease, with approximately 463 million persons diagnosed with it. of those, 90% are patients with type 2 dm (t2dm). some estimates indicate that 700 million cases of dm will be reported in 2045. t2dm develops due to insulin resistance, leading to reduced insulin secretion. dm has a number of associated complications, such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease.

the health status of normal individuals and patients with various diseases is commonly monitored using the complete blood count (cbc). in patients with t2dm, the cbc can be used as a follow-up test, which will help in reducing complications associated with the disease. some cbc parameters have also been used as prognostic markers for t2dm. one of these markers is the red cell distribution width (rdw), which measures the variability in the sizes of red blood cells (rbcs) and is considered an indicator of their heterogeneity. the evidence associating rdw with a higher risk of mortality has been expanding since the initial report of its prognostic utility in heart failure patients. multiple studies have shown that elevated rdw values are associated with many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and are also associated with disease activity or complications of diseases. the rdw can be used diagnostically in patients with t2dm and other illnesses, as patients with t2dm frequently show alterations in various hematological properties, including changes in the structure, metabolism, and function of blood cells. these alterations can be caused by different factors, such as excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ros), leading eventually to oxidative stress and the dysfunction of rbcs. the relationship between rdw and t2dm has been studied for several years, and there are no consistent results.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients diagnosed to have uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (hba1c more than 7%) exclusion criteria: 1. patients diagnosed to have type 1 diabetes. 2. patients are diagnosed to have secondary diabetes. 3. clinical states associated with increased rdw: * anemia (female hb less than 12, male hb less than 13) either due to hemolysis, or in response to ineffective red cell production, which can be caused by deficiencies in iron, vitamin b12 or folate. * after blood transfusions * pregnancy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and inflammatory bowel disease.
efficacy and safety of memantine in moderate to severe alzheimer's disease

Conditions: Alzheimer's Disease

Summary: the primary objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of memantine on cognition and behavioural symptoms in outpatients with moderate to severe dementia of the alzheimer's type.

memantine is a moderate affinity, uncompetitive n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist. pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that memantine can decrease the neuronal toxicity associated with excessive glutamate release and calcium overload in neurons. results from clinical trials in patients with moderate to severe alzheimer's disease (ad) have demonstrated memantine's efficacy and safety by showing positive treatment effects on cognitive, global and functional decline. this 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study examines the effect of memantine 20 mg, administered once daily, on cognitive and behavioural symptoms in outpatients diagnosed with moderate to severe ad and significant psychopathology.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: outpatients who: * had a primary diagnosis of probable alzheimer's disease (ad) according to national institute of neurological and communicative disorders and stroke and the alzheimer's disease and related disorders association (ninds-adrda) criteria, and with diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revised (dsm iv tr) criteria for dementia of the alzheimer's type * had moderate to severe dementia, defined as a mini mental state examination (mmse) total score \>=5 and \ =8 and \ 6 months after their initial screening and, if there was documented evidence of cognitive decline, to be enrolled in the study * had a neuropsychiatric inventory (npi) total score \>=13 and an npi agitation/aggression subitem score \>=1 at screening and baseline * did not have vascular dementia or a modified hachinski ischaemia scale score \>4 at screening exclusion criteria: * evidence of clinically significant active disease, evidence of other neurological disorders, and previous treatment with memantine

Keywords: alzheimer's disease
adherence to weight loss for hypertension in african american women

Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Hypertension; Obesity

Summary: to develop a culturally tailored intervention intended to promote adherence to nutrition and physical activity regimens designed to result in weight loss for african american women.

background: besides smoking cessation, weight loss and improved nutrition are the most important behavioral changes, which can lead to improved health. weight loss is also a critically important behavioral recommendation for treating certain illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes; for recovery from stroke or myocardial infarction; and for primary prevention of these conditions as well as certain cancers. unfortunately, adherence is very poor even with motivated patients. this is a serious issue for all but especially african american women. these diseases affect them disproportionately. they are more likely to be overweight and there is a serious scarcity of culturally appropriate programs available. also, many of these women receive their care in high demand/low resource clinics so that any program must also be practical and affordable within these constraints. the study is in response to a request for applications issued in january, 2001 on "overcoming barriers to treatment adherence in minorities and persons living in poverty." design narrative: the current research involves studying adherence to recommend changes in behaviors related to nutritional intake and physical activity designed to reduce weight. the investigators will develop and test two versions of a 16-session weight loss program with the content delivered by videotape. they are nearing the end of another study, sistertalk, for which a culturally appropriate weight control program was designed in partnership with and then delivered to african american women by cable television. based upon that previous study, they plan to address a number of specific barriers to adherence by designing one version for clinic delivery and another for home delivery. both approaches, each addressing different adherence issues, will be compared to a wait list control group at 4 and 12 months after beginning the program. the primary outcome measures are adherence to recommended nutritional behaviors and physical activity levels. the program is based upon social action theory and provides the opportunity to study many of that theory's mediating variables and their relationships to specific adherence behaviors. this will include extensive process evaluation procedures.they will also gather a great deal of data concerning the specific barriers and facilitators to adherence to nutrition and physical activity recommendations encountered by low-income african american women who are hypertensive or at high risk for hypertension.

Eligibility criteria:
no eligibility criteria
heart rate recovery and mortality

Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases

Summary: to investigate whether impaired heart-rate recovery after exercise is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality.

background: although there has been considerable attention paid to the prognostic significance of the heart rate rise during exercise, only recently has it been noted that the heart rate fall after exercise, or "heart-rate recovery," may be an even more powerful predictor of outcome. heart-rate recovery after exercise is a consequence of central reactivation of vagal tone. as impaired parasympathetic function has been associated with increased risk of death, the study tests the hypothesis that an impaired heart-rate recovery is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality. design narrative: the overall aim of this project was to use heart-rate recovery to substantially improve the prognostic value of the exercise test. the specific aims of this project were: 1) derive biologically meaningful mathematical models of heart-rate recovery. data from over 20,000 patients who had undergone exercise testing at cleveland clinic foundation between 1990 and 1998 were used; all of these patients had had their tests performed on exercise workstations which recorded heart rates every 10 seconds during and after exercise. heart-rate recovery measures were the difference between heart rate at peak exercise and heart rate at different points during recovery. modeling was based on exponential families, using stepwise selection, bootstrapping, and information theory approaches. correlates of different patterns of heart rate recovery were determined. 2) using the results of modeling of heart-recovery derived from the work in specific aim 1, determined a prognostically defined optimal definition of abnormal heart rate recovery and demonstrated that an abnormal heart rate recovery was a powerful and independent predictor of mortality in diverse patient groups. data from exercise tolerance tests of over 40,000 patients studied at the cleveland clinic foundation between 1990 and 1999 were analyzed. statistical methods used included the nonparametric kaplan-meier product limit method and the cox proportional hazards model with bootstrap validation, which included use of the random forest technique. 3) using completely parametric techniques, developed predictive survival models in which heart-rate recovery was included along with clinical data and other exercise findings, including exercise capacity and heart rate changes during exercise. the advantages of the parametric technique included: a) it allowed for modeling of nonproportional hazards that might permit differential strength of effect at different follow-up times for different sets of risk factors; b) it generated absolute risk, not just relative risk; and c) it permitted patient-specific prediction. the study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "end date" entered in the protocol registration and results system (prs) record.

Eligibility criteria:
no eligibility criteria
blood volume analysis and related outcomes in hemodialysis

Conditions: End Stage Kidney Disease

Summary: an understanding of fluid changes that occur during hemodialysis (hd) with ultrafiltration (uf) is essential for determining the efficacy of hd, as well as for reducing complications related to hypovolemia or, conversely, chronic volume overload.

background: accurate assessment of the bv and distribution of body fluids is essential for prescribing hd and for reducing complications related to hypovolemia and volume overload. monitoring relative changes in bv using hematocrit (hct), e.g. clm-iii, an indirect method, cannot be used to determine the absolute levels of bv. here we report the first study of isotope bv measurement (ibvm) for assessing volume status in hd patients using indicator dilutional method. 10 adult hd patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. multi-point ibvm before and after hd was performed using bva-100 (daxor, new york, ny). bva-100 calculates bv with an accuracy of ±2.5%, by using \<25μci of iodinated i-131 albumin. it assumes normal bv for a given individual on the basis of patients' deviation from ideal body weight. fluid loss from the extravascular component of the extracellular space (ev) was calculated by subtracting absolute bv change from total weight loss. intradialytic relative bv changes were measured by clm-iii during the same hd session. bland-altman plot was used to compare relative bv change pre- and post-hd by ibvm and clm-iii.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \>21 years * primary diagnosis of either chronic or acute kidney disease * currently receiving hd treatment * thrice-weekly or twice-weekly hd schedule * treated with standard bicarbonate hd for at least the preceding 6 months exclusion criteria: * pregnant women or nursing mothers * known hypersensitivity to iodine, eggs, albumin or any other component of the volumex injection kit * current enrollment in another investigational treatment protocol for dialysis * the need to perform hemodialysis with predilution because this will interfere with measurements of relative blood volume changes (δrbv) * kidney transplantation * malignancy requiring chemotherapy * unmeasurable blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer * active hematological disease * active gastrointestinal bleeding * severe malnutrition (predialysis serum albumin \<2.6 g/dl) * persistent condition of intradialytic blood pressure instability (hypotensive episodes in \>80% of regular dialysis sessions) within the previous one month period

Keywords: extracellular fluid volume hypotension hemodialysis
first year growth response associated genetic markers validation phase iv open-label study in growth hormone deficient and turner syndrome pre-pubertal children: the predict pharmacogenetics validation study

Conditions: Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency; Turner Syndrome

Summary: predict validation is a validation pharmacogenetic trial. the purpose of this study is to confirm that some genes can be used to predict how well a subject diagnosed with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (ighd) or turner syndrome (ts) will respond to a treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (r-hgh).

this study is an open-label, interventional, retrospective, multicenter, international study, single-arm, non-randomized, and non-controlled study. the subject's trial participation includes a single visit. during the visit, subjects who give consent to participate in the trial will undergo blood sampling for genetic markers testing and retrospective data will be collected relative to the first year of the subject's r-hgh treatment. the r-hgh treatment followed by the subject is indicated the pediatric population, therefore most of the subjects included into the trial will be below 18 years old. this study is a non-investigational medicinal product (imp) trial therefore no drug product data is provided.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pre-established diagnosis of ighd or ts based on classical criteria with at least 1 year of r-hgh therapy and with tanner stage 1 at treatment start * retrospective availability of a complete set of clinical, auxological and biological parameters necessary for building the predictive model * other protocol defined inclusion criteria could apply exclusion criteria: * acquired growth hormone deficiency (ghd) * any drug or disease that could affect growth during the first year of r-hgh treatment * other protocol defined exclusion criteria could apply

Keywords: growth hormone deficiency turner syndrome pharmacogenetics recombinant human growth hormone therapy
trial of prehospital intervention with traditional chinese medicine for acute stroke

Conditions: Stroke; Acute Ischemic Stroke; Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage

Summary: the main purpose of this trial is to observe whether xingnaojing, intravenously administered within 24 hours of symptom onset on pre-hospital emergency ambulance, improves the early neurological deterioration of acute stroke at 3 days.

the trace is a multicenter, registry observational study. xingnaojing injection is the only essential traditional chinese medicine on emergency ambulance used for acute stroke.the primary hypothesis of this trial is that xingnaojing used for acute stroke within 24 hours of symptom onset on ambulance will improve the early neurological deterioration of acute stroke at 3 days. all suspected acute stroke participants will be registered once they are taken on the ambulance. the primary outcome will be determined at 3 days.besides, there will be a quantitative interview with emergency doctors about their knowledge and attitude on xingnaojing for acute stroke patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of suspected acute stroke； * symptom onset within 24 hours； * age ≥ 18 . exclusion criteria: * other conditions that lead to motor dysfunction (e.g., severe osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis); * other conditions that render outcomes or follow-up unlikely to be assessed; known to be pregnant or breastfeeding; * non-acute stroke (result from computed tomography(ct) or magnetic resonance imaging(mri)).

Keywords: registry cohort study mixed methods prehospital stroke
neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury: functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Conditions: Traumatic Brain Injury

Summary: the current study aims to better understand cerebral plasticity mechanisms to optimize non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches for patients with traumatic brain injury.

cognitive impairment following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury are usual. to date, cognitive rehabilitation effects on cerebral plasticity and quality of life remain unproven essentially because of methodological biases. transcranial direct current stimulation is an innovative technique of noninvasive brain stimulation that showed efficacy in literature. the current study want to better understand cerebral plasticity mechanisms to optimize non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches for patients with traumatic brain injury. the aim in the present study is to assess the effect of rehabilitation combined with transcranial direct current stimulation provided to traumatic brain injury patients with cognitive impairment on cerebral plasticity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. effects of rehabilitation and transcranial direct current stimulation will be observed on functional magnetic resonance imaging activation maps acquired. relationship between attentional outcomes measured in the neuropsychological assessment and activation extend will be explored.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * moderate to severe traumatic brain injury * more than 3 months since the onset * attentional disorders (pasat test (score ≤ centile 10) and/or cantab test (≤ -2 standard deviation) * women having contraceptive treatment (for the magnetic resonance imaging exam) exclusion criteria: * inability to undergo magnetic resonance imaging scan * no attentional impairment (pasat ≥ centile10) * severe depression * neurological disease * major cognitive impairment (aphasia, neglect) * drugs addiction * pregnant women and women having no contraceptive treatment
short and long-arm fiberglass cast immobilization for distal salter harris i and ii forearm fractures in children

Conditions: Fracture Forearm

Summary: the aim of this study is to investigate whether short-arm fiberglass cast (sac) immobilization provides fracture stabilization comparable to that of long-arm cast (lac) treatment of displaced and non-displaced distal salter harris i/ii forearm fractures in paediatric patients.

the patients are allocated randomly into the two groups(short-arm cast, long-arm cast). after confirming study participation, patients draw a sealed envelope enclosing a numbered card, which assignes them to one group or other. after choosing the envelope, neither the ed staff nor the parents and their childrenare blinded for the treatment groups. however, the data are going to be analyzed under blinded conditions

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * salter harris i or ii fracture of the distal radius or a forearm fracture * informed consent exclusion criteria: * open/instable/intraarticular fracture * age \ 16years * no informed consent