Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
study of nasal ventilation in preterm infants to decrease time on the respirator

Conditions: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Summary: very premature infants often cannot breathe on their own and require assistance with a respirator. conventional respirators deliver air or oxygen via a breathing tube placed through the mouth to the airway (endotracheal tube). a prolonged use of an endotracheal tube is associated with injury to the lungs. currently, a premature baby has to be ventilated through an endotracheal tube until he/she can fully breathe independently. in the current study, in order to shorten the time with an endotracheal tube, we utilized an alternative, less invasive ventilation procedure, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nippv). this procedure provides help with breathing, but requires only nasal, not endotracheal tubes. we hypothesized that nippv might help babies breathe, at an early stage in their recovery, when they could not breathe independently yet. thus, by switching babies at this early stage from a regular respirator to nippv, we should be able to shorten the use of an injurious endotracheal tube.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * gestational age 24 wks and 0 days through 27 wks and 6 days by obstetric criteria. * infants who are intubated for respiratory distress and received surfactant within 48 hrs of life. * infants whose ventilator settings are: ventilatory rate ≥ 26 breaths per minute. if the baby is on the high frequency oscillatory ventilator (hfov) settings are map(mean airway pressure) ≥ 9, amplitude ≥ 2xmap and frequency ≤ 13 hertz. * infants who have never been previously extubated. exclusion criteria: * infants enrolled in competing trials. * participation refused by parent/attending physician/ parent unavailable for consent. * infants with any major congenital abnormality. * postoperative patients from any surgery. * infants in extremis/decided upon not to receive intensive care. * ventilator settings lower than the intervention group.

Keywords: respiration, artificial infant, premature bronchopulmonary dysplasia continuous positive airway pressure non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation intermittent positive-pressure ventilation high-frequency ventilation
a prospective, multi-center, randomized, blinded study to evaluate durasphere fi for the treatment of fecal incontinence

Conditions: Fecal Incontinence

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate a new injectable bulking agent for the treatment of fecal incontinence in adult men and women. this study has been designed to assess the safety, effectiveness and performance of durasphere in adults suffering from fecal incontinence under monitored clinical conditions. the frequency and severity of fecal incontinence symptoms will be measured using a modified cleveland clinic incontinence score as the primary criteria by which success is evaluated.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * history of fecal incontinence; * incontinence episodes over a 14-day period; * eighteen years of age or older; exclusion criteria: * abnormalities of the external sphincter greater than 10 mm; * fibrosis of the tissue at the likely injection sites; * has a condition that could lead to significant postoperative complications * rectal varices; * cancer of the rectum or colon, undergoing active treatment; * crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis; * chronic diarrhea unmanageable by drugs and/or diet; * rectal bleeding; * pregnant or within one year postpartum.

Keywords: fecal incontinence
preoperative anxiety evaluation: a new visual smileys scale

Conditions: Anxiety, Preoperative

Summary: preoperative anxiety is a complex clinical concept with both physiological and psychological consequences.

this study looks at the need for a more user friendly, rapid tool for measuring preoperative anxiety, specifically by evaluating the visual smileys scale.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 to 80 years old * undergoing surgery at cedars sinai medical center exclusion criteria: * did not receive sedative or narcotic prior to the interview

Keywords: preoperative anxiety assessment levels of preoperative anxiety using two different scales
a korean study of efficacy and safety of aprepitant-based triple regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the first cycle of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (non-doxorubicin hydrochloride [adriamycin] and cyclophosphamide regimens) (mk-0869-225) (kmec)

Conditions: Nausea; Vomiting

Summary: this is an efficacy and safety study to compare aprepitant with ondansetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in the first cycle of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (mec) in participants with solid tumors. mecs include a number of commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic drugs including: oxaliplatin-based, irinotecan-based, and carboplatin-based regimens. the primary hypothesis of this study is that the aprepitant regimen is superior to the control (ondansetron) regimen with respect to the percentage of participants with no vomiting overall (in the 120 hours following initiation of mec) in participants with solid tumors.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant disease * scheduled to receive a single dose of one or more of moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents during cycle 1 * eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) performance status of 0 - 2 or karnofsky score ≥60 * predicted life span ≥4 months * laboratory values demonstrating adequate hematologic status * premenopausal females must not be pregnant or lactating and must agree to use effective birth control exclusion criteria: * received chemotherapy within 6 months prior to starting on study drugs * scheduled to receive subsequent treatment due to a refractory response to first or second line chemotherapy * received an investigational drug within 30 days prior to starting on study drugs * radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis in the week prior to starting on study drugs * vomiting in the 24 hours prior to starting on study drugs * active infection (e.g., pneumonia) or any uncontrolled disease (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, gastrointestinal obstruction) except for malignancy * known hypersensitivity to aprepitant (emend®), dexamethasone or 5-ht3 receptor antagonists * presentation with gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms * symptomatic primary or metastatic central nervous system malignancy

Keywords: chemotherapy nausea vomiting emetogenic cancer antiemetics tumor
mri sequence and imaging protocol development

Conditions: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; Ischemic Heart Disease; Hypertension

Summary: the purpose of this study is to develop imaging protocols when using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (cmr) to assess cardiac functions, morphology and tissue characterization. the national heart research institute singapore (nhris) houses two dedicated cmr scanners to support the numerous investigator initiated projects in patients with various cardiac pathologists. by optimizing novel cmr sequences used in these studies, scanning time can be shortened for patients with underlying cardiac diseases.

in medical research, there is a continuous need to develop new imaging techniques such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (cmr) imaging. this will allow us to visualize and study the function and structure of the heart in greater detail so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with various cardiac conditions. the aim of the study is to optimise new cmr sequences, allowing the development of imaging protocols in future research studies. this study will hence recruit 800 subjects for each of the following sub-studies: 1. sub-study 1: normal cmr protocols for assessment of cardiac function and morphology 2. sub-study 2: exercise stress protocols with a cmr-compatible supine bike. for the first sub-study, 400 healthy volunteers and patients with cardiac conditions or suspected to have cardiac conditions will be recruited. the testing and optimising of cmr sequence settings are crucial to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the scan before using the scan as a clinical diagnostic tool. for the second sub-study, 400 healthy volunteers of different fitness levels and and patients with cardiac conditions or suspected to have cardiac conditions will be recruited. an exercise stress protocol will then be developed for future studies in patients with suspected coronary artery diseases. for this protocol, participants will be asked to cycle on a supine exercise bike to assess the effects of exercise and free breathing on the stability of the cmr imaging sequences.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * has no known significant medical history * is able to give informed consent exclusion criteria: * has contraindications to cmr implantable devices, cerebral aneutysm clips and cochlear implants * has claustrophobia * females who are pregnant * is unable to comply with study protocols
time to surgery - the impact of waiting time on outcome after colorectal cancer treatment

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer

Summary: we aim to perform a register-based, observational cohort study to investigate whether it is safe to delay start of treatment with a curative intention after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. our hypothesis is that delaying start of treatment until 4-8 weeks is as safe as starting treatment within four weeks after a colorectal cancer diagnosis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosed with colorectal cancer 2008-2016 in sweden exclusion criteria: * none
mindful eating and current glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: the goal of this observational study is to learn about the association of the level of mindful eating with the current glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. the researchers will compare different glycemic control levels with the participants mindfulness while eating. and secondly, the researchers will compare the levels of eating awareness of those with and without obesity.

in type 2 diabetes, life style adaptations, mainly healthy eating, weight loss or control and exercise constitutes the foundation of type 2 diabetes management. in addition to regulating blood sugar levels, lifestyle modifications play a significant role in controlling risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, delaying/preventing complications from developing, and even promoting diabetes regression. it is essential not only to focus on healthy food choices in dietary therapy but also to ensure patients achieve weight loss. another crucial point is maintaining the continuity of these lifestyle changes. it is reported that it is quite challenging for patients to make lifestyle changes, adapt to the offered treatments, and furthermore, sustain this as a way of life. adherence to these dietary changes is crucial for long-term success in managing diabetes and achieving weight loss goals. in a cross-sectional study conducted by fanning and colleagues with 148 type 2 diabetic patients, it was found that "conscious eating" is associated with better diet adherence. in a review by dunn et al., the available data strongly support the necessity of "conscious eating" as part of weight management programs. an american heart association statement highlights strong evidence that irregular eating patterns can make it difficult to maintain a healthy cardiometabolic profile, and emphasizes that conscious attention to mealtime and frequency can contribute to a healthier lifestyle and better management of cardiometabolic risk factors. in this study, the aim was to investigate the degree of eating mindfulness of patients with type 2 diabetes, and compare it between patients who had good glycemic control and patients with poorly controlled glycemic.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * given consent to the study * having applied to diabetes outpatient clinic for diabetes management * having diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months * having the mental competence to answer the questions in the questionnaire exclusion criteria: * inconclusive diagnosis of type 2 diabetes * having not received or not using any treatment for diabetes

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mindful eating glycemic control bmi
effects of elastic band resistance exercise on muscle strength and depression in hospitalized elderly.

Conditions: Resistance Exercise; Muscle Weakness; Functional Decline

Summary: with improved a five-day intensive, low-resistance elastic band exercise program to evaluate its effectiveness in improving total muscle mass, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, self-perceived fear of falling, and depression among hospitalized elderly individuals. this study is a random control trial. data collection includes elderly patient's total muscle mass, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, self-perceived fear of falling, and depression among hospitalized. the total muscle mass and upper and lower extremity muscle strength will be calculated in kilograms.

investigators have designed a five-day intensive, low-resistance elastic band exercise program to evaluate its effectiveness in improving total muscle mass, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, self-perceived fear of falling, and depression among hospitalized elderly individuals. investigators will enroll individuals aged 65 hospitalized elderly. participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. the experimental group will undergo a five-day resistance exercise program using elastic bands, with two 20-minute sessions per day (totaling 200 minutes). the program aims to improve muscle mass and strength. non-invasive instruments will be used to measure muscle mass and strength, and participants will complete self-report questionnaires on fear of fall and geriatric depression.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age of 65 years or older. 2. anticipated hospital stay exceeding 7 days. 3. able to follow instructions. 4. four-limb muscle strength of at least three points, and grip strength measurements with a minimum of 26 kilograms for males and 18 kilograms for females. exclusion criteria: 1. this includes individuals with cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, poorly controlled arrhythmias, complete atrioventricular block, acute heart failure, acute myocarditis, acute pericarditis, and other cardiac conditions. 2. poorly controlled hypertension, with systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmhg or greater than 200 mmhg under medication. 3. individuals hospitalized due to acute neurological injuries or conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, or parkinson's disease. 4. diagnosed with cognitive impairment or alzheimer's disease. 5. those who require long-term ventilator support and are unable to participate in the program. 6. individuals with impaired consciousness who cannot cooperate. 7. a glasgow coma scale score of less than 12, or inability to correctly answer questions about person, time, place, or follow instructions.

Keywords: resistance exercise hospitalized elderly muscle strength depression functional decline
establishing standards for normal pancreatic eus

Conditions: Chronic Pancreatitis

Summary: there is tremendous variability in regard to provider perception of findings on eus for chronic pancreatitis. this study performs tandem eus exams between expert endosonogrpahers to determine the validity of minimal standard criteria.

chronic pancreatitis is a very challenging disease to diagnose as their is no gold standard for diagnosis. increasingly, endoscopic ultrasound (eus) has been used as a means of diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. however, there are questions about whether intra-rater reliability and/or validity are high enough to warrant using eus to make the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. the purpose of this observational study is to determine the degree of correlation between two expert endosonographers in evaluating minimal standard criteria (mst) in the same patient during the same eus exam. patients both with and without chronic pancreatitis will be included in the study to try and determine the validity and reliability of back-to-back eus examinations.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * undergoing upper eus for evaluation of the pancreas exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * age less than 18 * inability to provide written informed consent

Keywords: chronic pancreatitis endoscopic ultrasound
iv lacosamide: the safety of intravenous lacosamide

Conditions: Epilepsy

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of iv lacosamide in children ages 4-35.

the objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of iv lacosamide in children ages 4 years to 35 years, inclusive who are unable to take oral medications or require parenteral administration of iv lacosamide occasionally, patients over the age of 20 are seen at lebonheur children's hospital due to the complexity of their condition, or due to a long relationship with their physician. these are exceptions which are reviewed on a case by case basis and are approved by the hospital administrator for admissions and outpatient testing.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient or lar must sign informed consent * diagnosis of partial onset currently uncontrolled * patient must have received anti-epileptic drug therapy prior to initiation * patient must have a medical condition in which parental administration is desireable * male or female * ages 4-35 exclusion criteria: * patient has participated in a study involving iv lacosamide * patient has had an episode of status epilepticus in the last 3 months * drug history to lacosamide pregnant or lactating * if of child bearing age, must have pregnancy test * patient has participated in an experimental drug study in last 30 days * patients with significant active hepatic or renal disease. * patients with known cardiac disease.

Keywords: epilepsy
effect of amino acids and sugar alcohols on gastric emptying and release of satiation peptides in humans

Conditions: Endocrine System Diseases

Summary: with this study the investigators investigate the effects of amino acids (tryptophan in two different concentrations, leucin) and sugar alcohols (xylitol, erythritol) on satiety mechanisms.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy normal weight subjects with a body-mass index of 19.0-24.9 * healthy obese subjects with a body-mass index of \> 30 * normal eating habits (no diets; no dietary changes; no special dietary habits, such as vegetarian/vegan) * age 18-40 years * stable body weight for at least three months exclusion criteria: * smoking * substance abuse * regular intake of medications (except for oral contraceptives) * medical or psychiatric illness * history of gastrointestinal disorders * food allergies * pregnancy, breast feeding
topiramate as an adjunct to amantadine in the treatment of dyskinesia in parkinson's disease

Conditions: Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease; Drug Induced Dyskinesia

Summary: the study will involve an eighteen-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel designed comparison between add-on topiramate and add-on placebo to stable treatment with amatadine in the treatment of parkinson's disease (pd) patients who continue to have dyskinesia on amantadine.

we conducted a randomized placebo controlled trial of topiramate in pd dyskinetic subjects already on amantadine but with continuing dyskinesia. topiramate or placebo was introduced in blinded fashion with a gradual titration (topiramate 25-150 mg/d) over 6 weeks and then a maintenance period of 8 weeks. the primary outcome of interest was change from baseline to end of study in total unified dyskinesia rating scale (udysrs) score using intention to treat analysis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. parkinson's disease patient, defined by united kingdom (uk) brain bank criteria 2. current age between 30-90 3. clinically pertinent dyskinesias defined by clinical global impression - severity (cgi-s) score (see attachment) \> 3 (mild) established by clinician's total assessment of patient including objective observation during the screening process. \* 4. stable doses of all antiparkinsonian medications for at least 4 weeks 5. stable treatment with at least 200 mg amantadine for at least 4 weeks. 6. presence of a caregiver willing to participate in the study 7. in the opinion of the enrolling investigator, the subject will be able to maintain current dosing schedule of antiparkinsonian drugs for the duration of the trial. 8. subjects must be free of dementia, depression and psychosis as determined by clinical examination. 9. the subject must be willing to participate in all study related activities and visits. exclusion criteria: 1. any subjects with clinical evidence suggestive of an atypical or secondary form of parkinson's disease 2. any subject who, in the opinion of the principal investigator, has a concomitant medical illness which would preclude them from being treated with amantadine, 3. any subject who, in the opinion of the principal investigator, will be unable to maintain current stable dosing of their anti-parkinsonian medications for the duration of the trial, 4. any subject with evidence for dementia, depression, or psychosis, as determined by clinical examination. 5. any subject who has not signed informed consent, or unable or unwilling to participate in all of the study related activities.

Keywords: parkinson's disease dyskinesia indonesia amantadine
quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Conditions: Myocardial Ischemia

Summary: the purpose of this study is to validate a full-automated post-processing software for quantitative perfusion of the myocardium with magnetic resonance imaging.

cardiac magnetic resonance (cmr) imaging is a wide available technique for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. however, myocardial first-pass perfusion evaluation has been limited due to the moderate accuracy of the currently available qualitative and semiquantitative methods used to assess myocardial perfusion, and due to the lack of efficient absolute quantitative methods. some cmr techniques and post-processing mathematical models have been developed for quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow reserve with perfusion cmr under pharmacological stress. measurement of these parameters with cmr have been shown to increase the accuracy of cmr in diagnosing myocardial ischemia, but most of these methods present technical challenges and have unreasonably time consuming post-processing. the aim of this study is to validate a full automated post-processing software for first pass perfusion cmr images that results in automated generated quantitative perfusion color maps.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy individuals with normal 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest. exclusion criteria: * systolic blood pressure below 90 mmhg; * bradycardia (\< 45 heart beats/minute); * intake of caffeine or caffeine-containing drink/medicine 24 hours prior to the examination; * impaired renal function assessed by venous blood sample.

Keywords: myocardial ischemia magnetic resonance imaging perfusion software