Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
the effects of glucagon on hepatic metabolism

Conditions: Obesity; Type2diabetes; NAFLD

Summary: whether impaired postprandial glucagon suppression in prediabetes and t2dm is an attempt to overcome resistance to glucagon's actions on hepatic aa catabolism, a defect in α-cell function, or a combination of both are important, unanswered questions. nafld is associated with t2dm risk and impaired insulin action. unfortunately, it is unclear if glucagon resistance is caused by obesity, hepatic steatosis or both. the experiments outlined will determine if glucagon's actions on hepatic amino acid catabolism and egp interact with hepatic lipid metabolism in lean and obese subjects with and without t2dm (and with varying degrees of hepatic steatosis).

t2dm and prediabetes are characterized by abnormal post-prandial suppression of glucagon, which contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing egp. although these effects are magnified by decreased and delayed insulin secretion, they are also apparent when insulin secretion is intact. in rodents, altered glucagon signaling changes α-cell function and mass - an effect mediated by changes in circulating aa concentrations. are the elevated concentrations of branched-chain aa and other aa metabolites in t2dm a cause or an effect of global α-cell dysfunction? could altered glucagon signaling precipitate a vicious cycle resulting in t2dm?

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * willing to participate * able to give consent exclusion criteria: * history of prior upper abdominal surgery e.g. gastric banding, pyloroplasty, vagotomy. * active systemic illness or malignancy. * symptomatic macrovascular or microvascular disease. * contraindications to mri (e.g. metal implants, claustrophobia). * hematocrit \< 35% * tsh \ 5.5. * consumption of \> 2 alcohol drinks per day or \> 14 per week or a positive audit questionnaire

Keywords: glucagon insulin resistance hepatic steatosis amino acid metabolism
effects of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiovascular Disease

Summary: the goal of the study is to investigate the impact of a 4 week treatment with pioglitazone (in comparison to placebo) on biomarkers for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk, as well as the degree of activation of the immune system, when given on top of an anti-diabetic treatment (metformin and/or sulfonylurea drugs) that has already resulted in good glycemic control.

ppargamma activation by pioglitazone has shown to be associated with an improvement of cardiovascular risk when measured with clinical (assessement of intima-media-thickness) or biochemical (hscrp, mmp-9 etc.) markers. well controlled patients (hba1c \< 8.0 %) will receive either pioglitazone or placebo (randomised, double-blind) for 4 weeks. blood will be drawn to investigate the change in cardiovascular or metabolic markers and mrna will be isolated from circulating mononuclear cells to investiagte the degree of activation of the immune system, which is another measure for the risk of atherosclerosis development.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * type 2 diabetes mellitus * stable oral treatment with metfromin and/or sulfonylurea * age 20 - 80 years * angiographically confirmed atherosclerosis or hscrp \> 1 mg/l exclusion criteria: * type 1 diabetes * hba1c \> 8.5 % * severe disease * acute coronary syndrome * contraindications to pioglitazone (heart failure etc.)

Keywords: diabetes mellitus monocyte activation cardiovascular risk
comparing the effectiveness of three types of therapy for the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents

Conditions: Eating Disorders

Summary: this study will compare specific family therapy, standard family systems therapy, and standard individual psychotherapy to determine which is most effective in treating adolescent anorexia nervosa.

in adolescents, anorexia nervosa severely affects physical, emotional, and social development. despite the seriousness and prevalence of adolescent anorexia nervosa, few studies have focused on the effectiveness of various types of psychotherapy treatment. family-based therapy may be an effective approach to treating adolescent anorexia nervosa. this study will compare specific family therapy (ft), standard family systems therapy (fs), and standard individual psychotherapy (it) to determine which is most effective in treating adolescent anorexia nervosa. the study also aims to determine potential predictors and moderators of outcomes, as well as the cost-benefit ratio of each treatment. participants in this open-label study will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. group 1 will receive ft, group 2 will receive fs, and group 3 will receive it. all participants will receive a total of 24 hours of their assigned therapy over a period of 12 months. study visits will occur at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and again six months and one year post-intervention. weight change will be assessed, as well as changes in concerns about weight and shape. the cost-benefit ratio of the treatments will also be evaluated.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * meets diagnostic and statistical manual (4th edition) (dsm-iv) criteria for anorexia nervosa exclusion criteria: * any psychotic illness

Keywords: treatment outcomes study anorexia anorexia nervosa
effect of butyrogenic fibers in ibs patients

Conditions: Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Summary: despite there being no clearcut advantages, one of the most common recommendations in ibs management is to increase the amount of dietary fibres. in some ibs patients fibres have a deleterious effect on pain and bloating. it has been shown that butyrate can increase colonic sensitivity in rats. our purpose is to study whether butyrogenic fibres can modify rectal sensitivity and symptoms in ibs and healthy control through a modification of colonic flora.

despite there being no clearcut advantages, one of the most common recommendations in ibs management is to increase the amount of dietary fibres. in some ibs patients fibres have a deleterious effect on pain and bloating. it has been shown that butyrate can increase colonic sensitivity in rats. our purpose is to study whether butyrogenic fibres can modify rectal sensitivity and symptoms in ibs and healthy control through a modification of colonic flora.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female aged 18-60 years * normal volunteers and patients with ibs assessed by rome ii criteria * effective contraception * affiliated to national health service * having received oral and written information about the study * having provided her written informed consent exclusion criteria: * significant clinical or biological abnormality * organic gastrointestinal disease * subjects having lower than 15g/day or higher than 20g/day fibres intake * antibiotic treatment during the month preceding the pre inclusion day * antispasmodics, antidiarrheics, laxatives, and prokinetics during the week preceding the pre inclusion day and during all the study period. * digestive surgery tract except appendectomy and cholecystectomy * alcohol abuse * drug addiction * major psychiatric disorder

Keywords: diet fiber irritable bowel syndrome colonic flora
study of tomotherapy in patients with benign brain tumour

Conditions: Brain Neoplasms

Summary: although malignant brain tumors are the most common type of primary brain tumor, there are a number of other benign brain tumors that exist. many difficulties exist with treating these tumors that have led to controversies in the best treatment. a common issue among these brain tumors is the risk of long term side effects from treatment. what limits the use of curative radiation therapy is the ability to deliver a maximal dose to the tumor while minimizing the amount of radiation to the normal structures in the brain. a new method of delivering radiation, called tomotherapy, has been acquired at the cross cancer institute (cci) and will be used in this study. it has the ability to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor while minimizing the amount of radiation to normal brain structures. this study will use this method of radiation therapy to deliver radiation and see if the long term side effects from radiation therapy can be reduced.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * histopathologically confirmed newly diagnosed base of skull benign tumour * karnofsky performance status (kps) equal to or greater than 70 exclusion criteria: * brain metastases or recurrent tumour * prior radiotherapy (rt) to head or neck * no prior chemotherapy or radiosensitizer

Keywords: radiotherapy brain
study of motexafin gadolinium for the treatment of renal cell (kidney) cancer

Conditions: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Urogenital Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Kidney Neoplasms

Summary: the purpose of this study is to find out if renal cell (kidney) cancer that has spread to other parts of the body will respond to treatment with motexafin gadolinium (mgd).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥ 18 years old * histologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma with clinically or pathologically confirmed progression * ineligible for interleukin-2 (il-2) treatment and/or have had 2 or fewer prior treatments * measurable disease * hemoglobin ≥ 9 mg/dl * ecog performance status of 0, 1, or 2 * willing and able to provide written informed consent exclusion criteria: * inadequate bone marrow, renal and liver function by laboratory criteria * absolute neutrophil count \< 1500/µl; * platelet count \< 100,000/µl; * ast or alt \> 2 x upper limit of normal (uln); * alkaline phosphatase \> 5 x uln; * total bilirubin \> 2 x uln; * creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dl. * evidence of central nervous system metastases within past year * uncontrolled hypertension * known history of porphyria, g6pd deficiency or hiv

Keywords: kidney cancer renal cell carcinoma motexafin gadolinium
evaluation of sedation in newborns

Conditions: Sedation

Summary: neonates treated on neonatal intensive care units are often critically ill, subject to numerous painful procedures and often dependent on mechanical ventilation. mechanical ventilation as well as painful conditions require a sufficient analgesia and or an accurately regulated sedation. newborns incapable of self-report are therefore dependent on the assessment of the infants level of pain and sedation by the treating team. the aim of this prospective, controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial is to compare the performance of two eeg based methods and a clinical sedation scale to measure the level of sedation in neonates. the bispectral-index (bis) and the amplitude-integrated eeg (aeeg) are compared with the neonatal pain and sedation scale (n-pass). we hypothesize a correlation between the clinical sedation score (n-pass), the bispectral index (bis) and the amplitude-integrated eeg (aeeg). fifty-two mechanically ventilated term neonates and fifteen control patients are enrolled and observed for up to 72h.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * newborns with a corrected gestational age ≧ 37 and ≦ 44 weeks of gestation exclusion criteria: * congenital malformations * chromosomal aberrations * brain abnormalities * severe cerebral hemorrhage (grade iii-iv) * cystic periventricular leukomalacia * infections of the central nervous system

Keywords: sedation bis aeeg neonatal pain and sedation scale neonate newborn
fludarabine and cytarabine versus high-dose cytarabine for cbf-aml

Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Core-Binding Factor

Summary: the purpose of the study is to determine whether fludarabine in combination with cytarabine is more effective than high-dose cytarabine in post-remission therapy for patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia

the recurrence rate, relapse-free survival rate, and overall survival rate of cbf-aml patients were compared between fa and hidac regimens. observe the prognostic value of factors such as c-kit gene mutation and minimal residual disease (mrd).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * clinical and laboratory diagnosis of cbf-aml,including runx1-runx1t1 and cbf-myh11 fusion gene rearrangement by pcr/fish * in status of complete remission after one to two courses of induction therapy * total bilirubinic acid ≤ 35μmol/l, ast/alt\<2 times abnormal level, serum creatinine \< 1.5mg/ml * cardiac function: ef ≥ 50% * hydroxyurea can be used for patient with white blood cell count ≥ 50\*109/l * ecog (eastern cooperative oncology group) score: ≤ 2 exclusion criteria: * relapsed/refractory aml * serious liver/ kidney dysfunction * cardiac function level: 2 above * female in pregnancy or lactation * with serious infection diseases or other diseases * not obey the principle of clinical study

Keywords: runx1-runx1t1 cbfβ-myh11 fludarabine cytarabine
immediate effects of kinesio taping on pain and postural stability in persons with discogenic low back pain.

Conditions: Low Back Pain

Summary: discogenic lbp is the leading cause of disability worldwide. eventhough other types of chronic lbp are more common, 63% of all patients reporting to tertiary care hospital with lbp are discogenic in nature. however, immediate effects of kinesio-taping on pain and postural stability in discogenic low back pain has not been well documented in existing literature. this study is focused on immediate effects of kinesiotaping on pain and postural stability in persons with discogenic low back pain.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants in an age range of 20-65 years will be considered for this study. * participants with disc bulge, herniation or prolapse indicate by mri. * positive straight leg raise (slr) positive centralization and peripheralization phenomenon. * participants with mri findings conclusive of disc pathology will be included. exclusion criteria: -
safety and feasibility of imilt locally advanced pancreatic cancer (lapc)

Conditions: Pancreatic Cancer

Summary: 10 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, no further responsive to neoadjuvant treatments but with a stage-iii disease will be submitted to imilt (immunostimulating interstitial laser thermotherapy). safety and feasibility of imilt on lapc will be evaluated as primary objective. secondary objectives will be qol after imilt, study of the immune reaction after imilt, oncological analysis of patients suffering from lapc submitted to imilt.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of stage iii locally advanced pancreatic cancer * no further neoadjuvant treatments are doable * eastern cooperative oncology group performance status \< 1 exclusion criteria: * no other concomitant oncological treatments (hormonal, immunotherapies, etc) * suffering from other neoplasms * suffering from hiv * suffering from autoimmune diseases * concomitant medication with steroids
opt-in versus opt-out for colorectal cancer screening outreach

Conditions: Cancer of the Colon

Summary: this is a randomized controlled pilot study aimed at testing different outreach strategies (opt-in versus opt-out) to increase colorectal cancer screening through completion of mailed home fecal immunohistochemical testing (fit).

this is a randomized controlled pilot study aimed at testing different outreach strategies to increase colorectal cancer screening using mailed fecal immunohistochemical testing (fit). the investigators will randomize a cohort of subjects between the ages of 50-74 into 2 arms: 1. opt-in - subject must actively choose to receive a home fit kit. 2. opt-out - a fit kit is sent as a default unless the subject actives chooses not to receive the kit or reports prior screening.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * between 50 to 74 years old * has received care at the division of internal medicine * due for screening * asymptomatic for colorectal cancer (crc) exclusion criteria: * has had prior colonoscopy within 10 years, sigmoidoscopy within 5 years, and fecal occult blood test (fobt)/fit within twelve months of the chart review (we will exclude patients who self-report undergoing any of the above procedures) * has a history of crc * has a history of other gi cancer * has history of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) (e.g. crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis; irritable bowel syndrome does not exclude patients) * has history of colitis other than crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis * has had a colectomy * has a relative that has been diagnosed with crc * has been diagnosed with lynch syndrome (i.e. hnpcc) * has been diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (fap) * has iron deficiency anemia * has history of lower gi bleeding * has metastatic (stage iv) blood or solid tumor cancer * has end stage renal disease * has cirrhosis * has heart failure * has dementia * has any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, excludes the patient from participating in this study
open-label extension study to evaluate long term safety and treatment effect of diapep277®

Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes

Summary: this is an extension study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with diapep277® and to determine the long-term treatment effect of diapep277® on parameters of metabolic control and on preservation of beta-cell function in subjects who have long exposure to diapep277®.

treatment with diapep277® is expected to be long-term; stopping treatment may result in the eventual loss of the preserved beta-cell function. indeed, extension of phase 2 studies has shown that patients who were initially treated with diapep277® and maintained their initial beta-cell function, required continuation of treatment, losing beta-cell function if switched to placebo. these extension studies were too small for the outcome to be statistically significant, but they suggested that continuation of treatment is needed for long-term maintenance of efficacy. therefore, in this extension study, patients who complete the 1001 phase 3 study (nct01103284) and maintain clinically significant beta-cell function are offered a 2-year continuation of active treatment, since they are likely to benefit from use of the medication. the participation in the extension study will be offered to all eligible subjects who complete the 1001 study, regardless of the treatment arm allocation in the initial study. by achieving long-term preservation of beta-cell function, patients are expected to maintain good management of the disease, manifesting as better glycemic control and fewer hypoglycemic events.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with type 1 diabetes who participated in the 1001 study * residual beta-cell function demonstrated by stimulated c-peptide ≥ 0.20 nmol/l. exclusion criteria: * the subject has any significant ongoing diseases or conditions that is likely to affect the subject's response to treatment * the subject has a history of any kind of malignant tumor. * the subject has clinical evidence of any diabetes-related complication * subject has history of endogenous allergic reactivity: * the subject has a known immune deficiency

Keywords: c peptide beta cell function immune modulation of type 1 diabetes immune intervention in type 1 diabetes
evaluating two multifocal daily disposable contact lenses

Conditions: Presbyopia

Summary: the objective of the study was to adapt existing multifocal soft lens wearers to a control lens for at least 2 weeks and then evaluate the success of switching them to the test lens, with a review after 2 weeks.

this prospective, bilateral eye, open label, non-randomized study compared the performance of 2 different designs of daily disposable multifocal contact lenses.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: a person was eligible for inclusion in the study if he/she: 1. was at least 42 years of age and had full legal capacity to volunteer; 2. had read and signed an information consent letter; 3. self-reported having had a full eye examination in the previous two years; 4. anticipated being able to wear the study lenses for at least 8 hours a day, 5 days a week; 5. was willing and able to follow instructions and maintain the appointment schedule; 6. habitually wore multifocal soft contact lenses, for the past 3 months minimum (note: the habitual contact lens type was restricted such that no more than one third were to be the clariti 1 day multifocal and no more than one third were to be myday multifocal (this included their equivalent private label brand name); 7. had refractive astigmatism no higher than -0.75dc in each eye; 8. was presbyopic and required a reading addition of at least +0.75d and no more than +2.50d in each eye; 9. could be fit and achieved binocular distance vision of at least 20/30 snellen (or +0.20 logmar) which participants also deemed to be 'acceptable', with the available study lens parameters (powers +4.00 to -6.00ds) exclusion criteria: a person was excluded from the study if he/she: 1. was participating in any concurrent clinical or research study; 2. had any known active ocular disease and/or infection that contraindicated contact lens wear; 3. had a systemic condition that in the opinion of the investigator may have affected a study outcome variable; 4. was using any systemic or topical medications that in the opinion of the investigator may have affected contact lens wear or a study outcome variable; 5. had known sensitivity to the diagnostic sodium fluorescein to be used in the study; 6. self-reported as pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy at the time of enrolment; 7. had undergone refractive error surgery or interocular surgery.
effects of whole-body vibration training versus balance training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Summary: aim of this study is to compare the effects of whole-body vibration training versus conventional balance training on balance performance, gait quality and exercise capacity in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. patients will be recruited during a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program and will be randomized into one of two intervention groups. on top of a standardized endurance and strength training program (5 days per week) patients in both groups will perform an additional balance training (on 3 days per week). patients in both groups will perform the same 4 different balance exercises (2x1 minute each): dynamic squats with closed eyes, heel raise, semi-tandem stance and single leg stance but on a different surface. the vibration training group will perform the exercises on a side-alternating vibration platform (galileo) at frequencies between 15 to 26 hertz and the control group will perform exercises on instable objects like balance pads. the degree of difficulty in both groups will be individually adjusted and will be progressively increased, if possible.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * copd stage iii or iv according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease * impaired exercise capacity (6 minute walk distance of less than 70% of the reference value from troosters et al.) exclusion criteria: * current acute exacerbation of copd * carbon dioxide pressure of more than 45 mmhg at rest * any contraindication for vibration training (e.g. acute deep vein thrombosis)

Keywords: copd balance whole body vibration training pulmonary rehabilitation exercise
serum endotoxin assay to predict the development of postoperative infectious complications and systemic inflammatory response following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Conditions: Nephrolithiasis; Urosepsis

Summary: the aim of the study is to establish an infectious risk stratification system based on pre-and post-operative blood endotoxin profile.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults that is able to consent (≥ 18 years of age) * scheduled to undergo pcnl at uhealth tower and jackson memorial hospitals * not currently immunosuppressed \[white blood count (wbc) \>= 2, not on immunosuppressive medications\] exclusion criteria: * unable to consent and \< 18 years of age * currently immunosuppressed (wbc \< 2, not on immunosuppressive medications)

Keywords: endotoxin fever infectious complications endourology percutaneous nephrolithotomy