metabolic abnormalities - hiv infected and uninfected males

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: to assess whether there exist significant differences in glucose metabolism, lipids, lactate, body composition, and bone density between hiv-infected and uninfected young men.

the study involves a one-time collection of health and medical history data, blood and urine specimens, and physical assessments. this study will elucidate the need for a further in-depth study to understand the pathophysiological effects of protease inhibitor (pi)-based and non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti)-based therapies in young men.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * males age 12 years and 0 days through 24 years and 364 days. * tanner stage 4 or 5. * accessible medical history and medications history. * willingness to fast and complete all clinical evaluations and specimen collection. * willingness and ability to give informed consent or assent with parental/legal guardian permission, where required. group 1: hiv-negative control subject specific inclusion criteria * all subjects for group 1 will be tested for hiv-1 to confirm negativity unless they have a documented negative antibody test within the last three months of study entry. * willingness and ability to give informed consent for hiv testing. groups 2, 3, and 4: hiv-positive subject specific inclusion criteria * hiv-1 infection as documented by a positive result on any of the following licensed tests at any time: any antibody test confirmed by western blot, hiv culture, plasma hiv-1 rna pcr \>1,000 copies/ml or hiv-1 dna pcr. * horizontal hiv infection transmission (non-perinatal, non-transfusion acquired infection). * group 2: currently not on art and must never have received art. * group 3: currently on a nnrti, non-pi containing regimen for three or more months, must never have received a total of more than six months of pi-containing regimen and at least one year must have passed since receipt of last pi-containing regimen. * group 4: currently on a pi, non-nnrti containing regimen for three or more months, must never have received a total of more than six months of nnrti-containing regimen and at least one year must have passed since receipt of last nnrti-containing regimen. exclusion criteria: * transgender male to female (mtf) or female to male (ftm) youth * refusal to fast for the 8 hours before collection of laboratory specimen requiring fasting. * unable to obtain medical/medications history. * history of anorexia or bulimia. * type i diabetes mellitus. * type ii diabetes mellitus and cannot omit diabetes medication for the 48-hour period prior to laboratory specimen collection for oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt). * current use or use within the past 6 months of oxandrolone, nandrolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol, or any other synthetic anabolic/androgenic agents. * current use or use within the past 6 months of pharmacologic doses of growth hormone. physiologic growth hormone replacement therapy is permitted, as long as dosages meet the following specifications: * adolescents in puberty - less than or equal to an equivalent of 0.1 mg/kg/day * adolescents past puberty - less than or equal to an equivalent of 0.025 mg/kg/day * current use or use within the past 6 months of pharmacologic doses of testosterone. physiologic testosterone replacement therapy is permitted as long as dosages meet the following specifications: * injection - no more than 400 mg/month of testosterone enanthate * patch - no more than 5 mg/day (e.g. testoderm, androderm) * gel in pre-packaged doses - no more than 7.5 g/day of gel (e.g. androgel, testim)

Keywords: hiv aids adolescent males hiv positive treatment naive treatment experienced