Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
using behavioural and cultural insights to increase colorectal cancer home-testing in croatia

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer; Behavior Change

Summary: colorectal cancer (crc) is one of the leading causes of death in croatia. an average of 3600 cases are diagnosed and an average of 2100 people die from the disease every year. since 2007, croatia has invited every man and woman aged 50-74 to participate in the home testing screening programme every two years. currently only around 36% of the invited request the test-kit and 25% complete the home testing procedure, far below the target of 40-60%. the croatian institute of public health with technical support from world health organization (who) regional office for europe is undertaking a mixed-methods research study with the aim to increase the completion of colorectal cancer home testing and improve our knowledge of the barriers and drivers to do so. the study has a quantitative and a qualitative component: 1. quantitative: testing the introduction of a reminder letter to encourage people to respond to the initial invite to participate in the crc home test program and test which elements of a reminder letter improve response rates. the quantitative component consists of a four-arm reminder letter randomized controlled trial (rct) comparing no letter, standard letter, behaviorally informed letter, and behaviorally informed letter sent with a home testing kit to investigate the effectiveness of reminders in increasing uptake of home-testing for colorectal cancer. recruitment and data collection for the reminder letter trial will be conducted utilizing the routine screening process and routinely collected screening data. 2. qualitative: conducting in-depth interviews with people from the target population who did or did not respond to the crc invite letter and reminder to better understand the barriers and drivers to participation. the qualitative component consists of 24 in-depth interviews (idis) conducted with members of the target population to identify barriers and drivers to completing colorectal cancer screening home-testing. data collection for idis will be face-to-face, using discussion guides, and will be audio recorded. the audio-recordings will then be analyzed using a rapid analysis approach based on by the modified capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior (com-b) framework.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * eligible to participate in the national colorectal cancer screening programme * live in a study location (split-dalmatia or zagreb city counties) * did not respond to the cancer screening invite letter exclusion criteria: * participated in the colorectal screening programme in the last 24 months

Keywords: colorectal cancer cancer screening behavioral insights communications
association of peripheral immune cells with antidepressant treatment response

Conditions: Depressive Disorder; Genetic Change

Summary: the purpose of this observational study is discovering potential biomarkers to predict antidepressant treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder (mdd) while comparing the transcriptomic changes between patients with mdd and healthy controls as well as before and after antidepressant treatment. eligible patients will be assessed at week 1, week 2, week 4 and week 8 while healthy normal volunteers will only be evaluated at baseline. assessments will include the following: an interview about mental and physical health, a physical examination including drawing of venous blood samples and several psychiatric rating scales.

this study is focusing on evaluating the peripheral immune system of major depressive disorder (mdd) and the impact of antidepressants treatment. single-cell rna sequencing and single-cell vdj sequencing will be performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to collect transcriptome information and immune repertoire of peripheral blood in patients with mdd. bulk rna sequencing and flow cytometry will be used to validate the clinical value of results. this is a biomarker study (antidepressants); treatment will be carried out according to physicians' orders.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18-65 years old, regardless of gender; 2. the subject is an outpatient/inpatient and meets dsm-5 diagnostic criteria of current or past major depressive disorder; 3. ssris or snris monotherapy; 4. hamd-17 total score ≥ 18 at baseline; 5. the subject can read and write and is capable of giving informed consent. exclusion criteria: 1. patients with mental illness other than mdd; 2. patients with liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular system diseases, cancer, diabetes, thyroid diseases or other serious or unstable conditions; 3. previous organic brain disease, traumatic brain injury or other diseases that can cause structural brain changes; 4. serious abnormalities indicated by laboratory tests or electrocardiograms; 5. alcohol or drug addiction; 6. suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune diseases; 7. patients who are taking drugs that directly impact on the immune system such as anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressants; 8. patients who have taken antidepressants or other antipsychotics within 2 weeks before enrollment; 9. patients who have received mect or systematic psychotherapy within 3 months before enrollment; 10. patients at high risk of suicide, or reporting a hamd-17 item 3 (suicide item) score \>3 at baseline; 11. subjects who are pregnant or lactating; 12. other conditions that are considered not suitable for participating in the research.
exogenous ketone ester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Conditions: PCOS

Summary: polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos) is characterized by elevated androgens such as testosterone. clinical studies suggest that ketogenic diets lower the levels of androgens. the ketone 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-ohb) may play an important role in these effects and the main purpose of this study is to investigate whether a 3-ohb supplement acutely improves the hormonal and metabolic status in women with pcos.

polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) affects 5-18% of women and is characterized by the presence of two of three of the rotterdam criteria: hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical), irregular menstrual cycles, and polycystic ovary morphology, after exclusion of other conditions that mimic pcos. pcos is associated with elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (lh) and unaltered levels of the follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), which leads to the characteristic hyperandrogenism (high levels of testosterone), oligo- or anovulation, and a large number of premature follicles in the ovarian. insulin resistance causes hyperinsulinemia that decreases sex hormone binding globulin (shbg) levels and stimulates androgen production (e.g., elevated concentrations of testosterone). ketogenic diets are characterized by a diet low in carbohydrates, and has shown beneficial effects on weight and hormonal status in women with pcos. whether these improvements are mediated by ketones (e.g., 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-ohb) or other effects related to this diet is unknown. the main purpose of this study is to investigate whether a 3-ohb supplement acutely improves the hormonal and metabolic status in women with pcos.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pcos diagnosis * age \>18 years exclusion criteria: * medications affecting sex hormones (e.g. contraceptives, dopamine agonists, etc) or glucose metabolism (e.g. saxenda). * anemia (hgb \< 6.0 mm) * practicing ketogenic diets (e.g., low-carb diet, fasting regimes) * inability to understand danish or english * diabetes * ongoing cancer or other acute/chronic serious diseases (pi will determine)

Keywords: 3-hydroxybutyrate ketones metabolism testosterone androgens ketoneaid ketone monoester
sexuality after reduction mammaplasty

Conditions: Sexual Function; Depression

Summary: the aim of this study is to determine the impact of reduction mammaplasty on sexuality and depression predictors in women with macromastia.

breast hypertrophy is a common condition among women. reduction mammaplasty is an effective and well established procedure performed for the relief discomfort associated with breast hypertrophy. female breasts play an important role in sexuality, thus, the main purpose of this study is to determine whether reduction mammaplasty could influence sexual function and depression predictors on women with breast hypertrophy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * breast hypertrophy * candidate to reduction mammaplasty * healthy volunteer with normal volume breasts (control group) * body mass index under 30kg/m2 exclusion criteria: * pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding during the last 12 months * body mass index over 30kg/m2 * breast cancer history * previous breast surgery * hard smoking

Keywords: breast hypertrophy mammaplasty sexuality depression
association between erosive tooth wear progression and dietary risk factors.

Conditions: Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear; Erosion; Dental Erosion

Summary: study to determine if whether or not exist an association between the tissue loss (etw progression) and the frequency of an acidic diet. to accomplish the aim, a quantitative analysis of intraoral scans of study models will be performed to identify erosive tooth wear progression in a group of chilean adolescents. first, participants with different intake of dietary acids will be compared in terms of their baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. second, the association between baseline frequency of dietary acids and changes in volume loss over time will be evaluated using linear mixed models to account for the data structure (repeated assessments nested within teeth and teeth nested within children). models will be adjusted for demographic factors, family socioeconomic position, health behaviours and chronic conditions.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male and female (age range 10-18) assisting in a school with low socioeconomic status. they must have: -complete record of questionnaires * baseline and follow-up intra oral scanners (with correct alignment when using wearcompare software) * bewe scores * signed inform consent exclusion criteria: * patients not willing to participate * patients wearing orthodontic appliances

Keywords: tooth erosion tooth wear
evaluating an innovative hiv self-testing service with counseling provided by a chatbot

Conditions: Behaviors, Health

Summary: a parallel-group non-inferiority randomized controlled trial will then be conducted to evaluate the performance of hivst-chatbot. a total of 528 hong kong chinese speaking men who have sex with men (msm) aged ≥18 years who have access to live-chat applications are recruited from multiple sources. those who are diagnosed as hiv positive are excluded. participants are 1:1 randomized into the intervention group (n=264) or the control group (n=264). the research team will implement the hivst-chatbot (hivst services with real-time counselling provided by a fully-automated artificial intelligence chatbot) in the intervention group and hivst-oic (hivst with real-time counselling provided by trained administrators) in the control group. participants completed two telephone surveys at baseline and six months afterwards.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * hong kong chinese-speaking men aged at least 18 years old * having had anal intercourse with at least one man in the past six months * willing to leave contact information and be followed up at month 6 * having access to the online live-chat application (whatsapp) * not intending to leave hong kong for one month consecutively within the next six months exclusion criteria: * self-reported as hiv positive
emergency surgery versus colorectal stents for the management of malignant colonic obstructions

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer

Summary: the study evaluates and compares effect of emergency surgery and colonic stents for treatment of malignant colonic obstructions.

acute colonic obstruction is one of the common clinical presentations of colorectal cancer. surgical decompression with colostomy with or without resection and eventual re-anastomosis is the treatment of choice; however, emergency surgery is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. the colonic stent insertion effectively decompressed the obstructed colon and avoid needs of emergency surgery. this method is a palliation and bridge to surgery. colonic stents allowed surgery to be performed electively.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient with malignant colorectal obstructions. * patient's approval to participate in the study. exclusion criteria: * patient's preference for either treatment method. * patient's refusal to participate in the study. * patients in the asa group 4 and 5.

Keywords: hartmann's procedure, colostomy, colonic stenting.
fluid intake in kidney failure

Conditions: Chronic Renal Failure; Kidney Transplantation

Summary: patients with renal impairment are usually advised to increase their fluid intake. there is currently, however, no evidence supporting this recommendation. in contrast,high fluid intake could be dangerous if urine excretion is reduced. in this study the researchers investigate whether increasing fluid intake from 2 to 4 litres per day has any influence on long-term renal outcome.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with native kidney disease or chronic kidney transplant failure * an effective glomerular filtration rate (egfr) according the mdrd formula between 20 and 75ml/min/1.73m2 * ejection fraction \>20% * absence of liver cirrhosis or ascites * no evidence of active glomerulonephritis or immunosuppressive therapy if native kidney disease * acute transplant rejection * urinary protein excretion below 3g/d * age between 18 and 70 years. exclusion criteria: * therapy resistant edema * severe pulmonary disease * mean arterial pressure (map) \> 120 mm hg * pregnancy * kidney transplantation within three months prior to randomization

Keywords: chronic kidney disease transplantation kidney function fluid intake osmolarity
feasibility of integrating indirect calorimetry (ic) technology in primary care

Conditions: Obesity; Hypertension

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using indirect calorimetry (ic) within a comprehensive weight reduction program. will individuals that receive a personalized nutrition program, at baseline, from ic technology respond better to treatment compared to individuals receiving ic technology at three months.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi greater than 30 kg/m2 * 18-70 years of age exclusion criteria: * no participation in other weight loss efforts outside study. * pregnant or lactating
adcc mediated b-cell depletion and baff-r blockade

Conditions: Autoimmune Hepatitis

Summary: vay736 dose testing; vay736 efficacy and safety testing.

this is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind dose range study in autoimmune hepatitis. the study population consists of female and male adult autoimmune hepatitis patients with incomplete response or intolerant to standard treatment of care. the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis has to fulfill the iaihg criteria and must be confirmed by liver histology. patients will be randomly assigned to different doses of vay736 or placebo. the primary analysis is planned at 24 weeks. a subsequent study part will then test the efficacy and safety of vay736 in a parallel group design. for this part of the trial a new group of autoimmune hepatitis patients will be enrolled.

Eligibility criteria:
key inclusion criteria: 1. aih diagnosed per international autoimmune hepatitis group 2. liver biopsy with ishak modified hai indicating active aih 3. incomplete response to or intolerance of standard therapy (per aasld) key exclusion criteria 1. prior use of any b-cell depleting therapy (e.g., rituximab or other anti-cd20 mab, anti-cd22 mab or anti-cd52 mab) within 1 year prior to screening or as long as b-cell count \<50 cells/µl 2. required regular use of medications with known hepatotoxicity 3. decompensated cirrhosis 4. diagnosis of overlap syndrome with aih (e.g., aih+pbc, aih+psc). 5. drug related aih at screening or a history of drug related aih. 6. history of drug abuse or unhealthy alcohol use 7. history of malignancy of any organ system 8. pregnant or nursing (lactating) women

Keywords: type 1 type 2 autoimmune hepatitis aih
unclassified genotypes of autoinflammatory diseases and aa amyloidosis

Conditions: AA Amyloidosis; Autoinflammatory Disease

Summary: patients with autoinflammatory diseases (aid) have recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation accompanied by nonspecific elevation of blood inflammation markers typically absent between attacks. a complication of autoinflammatory diseases is aa amyloidosis, which can lead to renal failure and dialysis. advances in genetic analysis have led to the identification of new autoinflammatory diseases and thus new pathophysiological pathways. however, genetic analyses are sometimes confronted with results that are difficult to interpret. these are the variants of unknown significance, for which genetic analysis alone does not allow to determine if the genetic mutation is responsible for the symptoms. genetic analysis sometimes has limitations in the diagnosis of aid which can only be overcome by pathophysiological studies of the variants found.

the study aim to explore variants of undetermined significance in major and minor patients with unclassified autoinflammatory disease or aa amyloidosis of undetermined etiology by studying their pathogenicity. national multicenter research: internal medicine department of tenon hospital, pediatric department of versailles hospital and pediatric dermatology department of necker enfants malades hospital in paris samples will be collected at the inclusion visit or at subsequent visits of the patient to the department during a blood draw performed as part of routine care by a registered nurse. the total volume of the sample will be 24 ml per 6 month period maximum, and will not exceed in case of skin involvement of the auto-inflammatory disease, a skin biopsy may be performed as part of the patient's follow-up care.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria for patients to be studied: * patients over 18 years of age with the capacity to give express free and informed consent and; * minor patients under 18 years of age with both parents or legal guardians giving consent; * patients with unclassified iad or aa amyloidosis of undetermined etiology; * patients followed in one of the study departments; * patients weighing more than 15 kg. inclusion criteria for control patients: * patients over 18 years of age with the capacity to give free and informed express consent; * patients with iad classified with well-defined international criteria or ; * patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery or blood donors). exclusion criteria: * patients unable to give express free and informed consent; * subjects under guardianship, curatorship or safeguard of justice; * subjects who do not speak french; * subjects unable to answer questions or express themselves; * patients weighing less than 15 kg; * patients without social security coverage

Keywords: autoinflammatory disease aa amylosis functional explorations unclassified genotypes
prevalence and predictors of cci in patients with acute respiratory failure (cci)

Conditions: Critical Illness

Summary: chronic critical illness (cci) is a condition associated to patients surviving an acute phase of disease and respiratory failure (arf) although remaining dependent on mechanical ventilation (mv). the prevalence and the underlying mechanisms of cci have not been elucidated in this population.an observational prospective cohort study was undertaken at the respiratory intensive care unit (ricu) of the university hospital of modena (italy) from january 2016 to january 2018. patients mechanically ventilated with arf in this unit were enrolled. demographics, diagnosis, severity scores (apacheii, sofa, sapsii) and clinical conditions (septic shock, infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome \[ards\]) were recorded on admission. respiratory mechanics and inflammatory-metabolic blood parameters were recorded on admission and within the first seven days of stay. all these variables were tested as potential predictors of cci through appropriate univariate and multivariate analysis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * older than 18 years of age * consecutively admitted to ricu due to acute respiratory failure (arf) requiring mechanical ventilation. exclusion criteria: * refractory shock (death \< 24h) * patient goals of care not consistent with aggressive management * end stage copd requiring home oxygen long term therapy or home non invasive ventilation support * presence of interstitial lung disease * history of neuromuscular disease * chest wall deformities * pregnancy * chemotherapy or radiotherapy within the past 30 days * evidence of neurologic injury on ct scan and gcs \< 8 * tracheostomy.
clinical, metabolic and endocrine effects of the treatment with drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol alone or in combination with myo-inositol in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) and insulin resistance

Conditions: PCOS; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Summary: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a heterogeneous syndrome with a variety of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and clinical symptoms. the primary defect in pcos consists of an abnormal androgen synthesis and secretion, particularly by ovarian theca cells. insulin resistance and obesity may act as triggers, explaining the frequent association of pcos with these metabolic conditions. hyperinsulinaemia, which results from insulin resistance, stimulates both ovarian and adrenal androgen secretion and suppresses sex hormone-binding globulin synthesis from the liver. it results in an increase in free, biologically active androgens which are related to clinical signs such as hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, and alopecia. combined oral contraceptive (coc) therapy is a common treatment for pcos and it was widely used in this group of patients providing clinical improvement in the areas of excessive hair growth, unpredictable menses, acne, and weight gain. more recent studies outlined a deficiency in myo-inositol in women with pcos and insulin-resistance. myo-inositol is a precursor for many inositol-containing compounds and it plays critical and diverse roles in signal transduction, membrane biogenesis, vesicle trafficking, and chromatin remodeling. it is a precursor in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates (pips) that are a source of several second messengers. it has been reported that the administration of myo-inositol reduces serum insulin, decreases serum testosterone and enhances ovulation. due to the different beneficial actions, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical, metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with coc (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol)alone or in combination with myo-inositol, in young women with pcos and insulin resistance.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * women fulfilled two out of three diagnostic criteria for pcos, according to the 2003 rotterdam consensus conference * women with pcos, insulin resistance, acne, hirsutism and seborrhea exclusion criteria: * women with pre-existing secondary endocrine disorders * women wishing to conceive during the next 12 months * women with contradictions to oral contraceptive use * women with personal history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disorders * women who received treatment with oral contraceptives, or other drugs for the previous 6 months before entering the study.

Keywords: pcos insulin resistance hyperandrogenism myo-inositol