Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
interleukin-4 (il-4) as a marker of atherosclerosis

Conditions: Atherosclerosis; Ischemic Heart Disease

Summary: in recent years, medical research into the cause and progression of heart disease due to narrowing and blockage of blood vessels to the heart muscle has improved the understanding of ischemic heart disease. it is now accepted that both the development and later progression with sudden blockage of blood vessels are associated with inflammation, although it remains unknown exactly what triggers this inflammatory process. it is possible that new blood tests which measure markers of inflammation in the bloodstream may be useful to help identify patients at risk of heart damage and assess response to treatment. the study plans to assess a new blood test for a known marker of inflammation (il-4) in patients with heart disease. the hypothesis of this study is that, the cytokine, il-4, measured by a new assay, is abnormally elevated in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. also hypothesized is that the degree of abnormality of blood il-4, is related to important clinical events in such patients, including severity of disease, acute complications, and treatment.

this is a single centre, prospective, non randomised, non controlled, pilot study of the potential abnormality of a new test group of patients in whom the results are postulated to be abnormal. the specific aims of the study are: 1. to measure il-4 by a new rapid on-site technique in patients with documented coronary artery disease presenting in a variety of acute clinical circumstances 2. to evaluate any abnormal measurements in relation to the severity of the disease, acute vascular complication and newly prescribed medications. it is proposed to study 4 small groups of patients with ischemic heart disease. 1. patients with unstable coronary artery disease admitted to the coronary care unit. they will be studied on admission and then daily until coronary angiography is performed. 2. patients having coronary angioplasty. they will be studied before, immediately after and 24 hours after the procedure. 3. patients having coronary artery bypass grafting will be studied immediately after and 24 hours post surgery. 4. patients with stable coronary artery disease about to receive a statin and or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy will be studied before and twice weekly after commencement of therapy for 4 weeks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients (either sex and any age) presenting in the settings described will be eligible to participate. exclusion criteria: * an unwillingness to participate.
effects of anesthetic methods on hepatic cancer cell function in vitro

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Summary: numerous studies find that anesthetic methods may influence the recurrence of tumor and the overall survival of patients after primary cancer surgery. radiofrequency (rf) ablation is now widely used in the clinic for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). currently, diverse anesthetic methods, including general anesthesia (ga), epidural anesthesia and local anesthesia (la), are used for rf ablation surgery. using serum from hcc surgery patients randomized to receive either ga or la during surgery, we will investigate the effects of anesthetic methods on cellular invasion, migration and proliferation of hepg2 hepatic cancer cells in vitro. the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum from patients of both groups will also be analyzed.

patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) undergoing elective radiofrequency (rf) ablation surgery will be randomly allocated to general anesthesia(ga) group or local anesthesia(la) group. patients from ga group will receive anesthesia induced with 0.05-0.1mg/kg intravenous midazolam, 3-6ug/kg fentanyl, 1.0-2.5mg/kg propofol and 0.1-0.2mg/kg atracurium. laryngeal mask will be used to maintain ventilation. anesthesia will be maintained with 4-8mg/kg/h propofol and 0.1-0.3ug/kg/min remifentanil, and additional non-depolarizing muscle relaxant when necessary. in patients from la group, analgesia will be provided by a subcutaneous injection of 2% lidocaine by the surgeons before insertion of the needles. serum will be collected from patients of both groups at before induction and 1h post-surgery. the hepg2 hepatic cancer cell line will be treated with patient serum from both groups. the effects of anesthetic methods on cellular invasion, migration, proliferation will be measured. the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum from patients of both groups will also be analyzed.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 to 65 years old * asa grade i-iii * diagnosed with a single primary liver tumor of 3cm or smaller * is scheduled for elective radiofrequency ablation surgery * with no macro-vascular invasion, no lymph node or extrahepatic metastases * child-pugh class a or b exclusion criteria: * a history of liver surgery previously (including radiofrequency ablation) * severe systemic disease (heart, lung, kidney, or immune system) * inr\>1.5 or platelet count \<45,000 cells/mm3 * a history of addiction to opioids; * disagree to participate the trial
effect of esterogen receptor modulator on gene in bipolar diseas

Conditions: Bipolar Disorder

Summary: 1. identify randomized controlled trials of tamoxifen (estrogen receptor modulator) in in addition to traditional treatment of bipolar disorder and synthesize the results using meta-analysis. 2. systematically estimate the effects of phospholipase c epsilon 1 gene (plce1) rs2274223and gene polymorphism on the susceptibility to treatment. 3. study the pathway involved in the action of tamoxifen by incorporating tmx into nanoparticles and evaluating tyrosine kinase in responders wbcs culture and evaluate nanoparticle as a hope for future treatment of cns disorders.

bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is typified by severe mood fluctuations with emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). tamoxifen \[tmx\], an oral medication, has been proposed as a potential treatment for bipolar disorder. tamoxifen)modulator of the estrogen recptor) functions by blocking the intracellular action of protein kinase c, which is the mechanism by which popular treatments for bipolar disorder such as valproate and lithium function. . targeted therapy benefits greatly from drug delivery methods based on nanoparticles because they enhance bioavailability, decrease side effects, and increase efficiency. . enzymes belonging to the pkc class are essential for cell signaling. data from previous studies suggest that increased pkc activity may affect the prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior and thinking. pkc is unique in that it is controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and has several subcellular destinations . in a study of bipolar individuals who responded well to lithium, a variant in the phospholipase c gene, which codes for the first enzyme in the pkc cascade, was discovered . the 26th exon of the phospholipase c epsilon1gene (plce1) gene contains the non-synonymous snp rs2274223, which can change one amino acid from histidine to arginine 6. snp rs2274223 in plce1 is one of the polymorphic loci that has been studied the most .

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. fifty subjects 2.15-70 years of age 3.recently diagnosed as bipolar disorder 4.assigned to receive traditional treatment of bipolar disorder exclusion criteria: 1. patients who have a concurrent sever illness like cancer ,liver disease 2. receiving additional treatment

Keywords: mania
mechanisms of copd exacerbation recurrence

Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; COPD Exacerbation; Patient Readmission; Recurrence

Summary: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common smoking-related lung disease. patients with copd are at increased risk of readmission to hospitals within the following 30 days. hospital readmissions of copd contribute to clinical and economic burden on society. understanding why some copd patients are readmitted remains a key area of unmet need. to our knowledge, no previous study has fully investigated both the social and clinical risk factors associated with these types of patients. the investigators want to prospectively and comprehensively explore the possible causes, whether clinical or social factors, that cause rehospitalisation. the investigators will be collecting demographic and clinical information including daily physical activity level, lung function, blood and sputum samples. these measurements will be collected at patient admission, discharge and at follow-up of 30 and 90 days. this process could lead to a better understanding of the reasons which prevent early hospital readmission for those patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who have a primary diagnosis of copd * patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation. exclusion criteria: * patients in whom an initial diagnosis of an aecopd is revised to an alternative at a later phase of the study. * patients who have a predominant history of asthma * patients with a confirmed active malignancy * patients who have a predominant history of bronchiectasis. * cognitive impairment patients with a mental test score (mts) of 6 or less. * inability to give informed consent to take part in the study
microbiome, atopic disease, prematurity

Conditions: Atopy; Prematurity

Summary: there is increasing recognition that the microbiome may be important in the development of allergic disease. asthma is the most prevalent pediatric chronic disease and affects more than 300 million people worldwide. for unclear reasons, those infants born at 34 weeks and earlier are three times as likely to develop asthma. factors such as formula feeding, c-section delivery and antibiotic exposure may play a role. recent evidence has identified a "critical window" in early life where gut and breast milk microbial changes are most influential. the investigators propose a novel study to follow a cohort of premature babies in the nicu and after discharge home. the investigators aim to examine whether various exposures of babies in the nicu impact their milk and gut microbiome and lead to asthma and allergies. our specific aims are: 1. to assess if there is a specific pattern of gut and/or breast milk microbiome over time that is affected by the type of nutrition a baby receives (donor vs maternal vs formula) or other exposures such as antibiotics. 2. assess whether there are patterns in the microbiome associated with the development of allergic sensitization patterns. 3. determine if early patterns of the microbiome and allergic sensitization predict allergic conditions (food allergies, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma) by 2 years of age. the investigators will recruit approximately 50 subjects born at 34 weeks of gestation or earlier from two local level iii nicu. these subjects will be followed over their nicu course with weekly stool, milk feed, and oral saliva collection as well as documentation of relevant events including prenatal history, delivery history, nutrition and breast feeding history and antibiotic courses. further samples will be collected after discharge at research visits that will take place rady children's hospital until 4-6 years of age. at these visits, standardized allergy questionnaires and a blood allergy panel will be obtained. together this data will provide a unique opportunity to identify potential shifts in the microbiome associated with nutrition, asthma and allergy in preterm infants. ultimately, the investigators may be able to discover ways to prevent the development of asthma and allergies during this early window of opportunity.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * premature infant equal or less than 34 weeks of age exclusion criteria: * hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital anomaly that affects gastrointestinal system, unable to follow up
neuroaxial prophylaxis for cabg

Conditions: Coronary Artery Occlusion

Summary: investigators plan to study the effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative parameters (complication rate, duration of hospitalization, mortality, etc.) of coronary artery bypass grafting.

investigators plan to conduct a comparative analysis of early postoperative complications of coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with independent risk factors for the development of postoperative complications (advanced age, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) with various types of anesthesiology benefits (general anesthesia and thoracic epidural analgesia versus general anesthesia and opioids). investigators predict a decrease in the risk of developing cardiac, respiratory, infectious and renal complications, a reduction in the duration of intensive care, inpatient treatment and mortality.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * coronary artery bypass grafting exclusion criteria: * absolute contraindications for the use of thoracic epidural analgesia

Keywords: coronary artery bypass grafting prevention of complication neuroaxial prophylaxis thoracic epidural analgesia
efficacy of inspiratory muscle training on elite swimmers

Conditions: Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (Disorder); Muscle Weakness; Dyspnea

Summary: this study is a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training on swimming performance, airway dysfunction and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers.

only a few studies have assessed the impact of inspiratory muscle training (imt) on swim performance with unclear and inconsistent results. this study aims to evaluate the effect of a 12-week imt program in swimming performance, airway dysfunction and perceived breathlessness among elite swimmers. participants will be recruited from the elite competitive futebol clube do porto swimming team. after consent, individuals will be randomly allocated into the imt or sham-imt group. a pressure threshold device will be used to perform the inspiratory training. the imt group will perform 30 inspiratory efforts, 5 times a week, twice a day, against a pressure threshold load equivalent to 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (mip). sham-imt group will follow a similar protocol, except for the inspiratory effort that will be made against 15% of mip. measures of lung function, swimming performance, airway dysfunction, inspiratory muscle strength and perceived breathlessness will be assessed at the beginning and then in 4 weeks intervals until the end of study period. all outcome measures will be assessed by an investigator who will be not involved in the intervention process. data will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation (sd) and respective 95% confidence interval. the significance level will be 5% (p˂0.05).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy elite swimmers engaged in competitive training for a minimum period of three years; * individuals with no disability; * individuals aged between 14 and 40 years. exclusion criteria: * individuals presenting co-morbidities or physical impairment that affects regular training; * smokers; * athletes already in a regular respiratory muscle training program * individuals with a predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (fev1) below 60%.
spyglass surgical study

Conditions: Pancreatic Diseases; Bile Duct Diseases; Hepatic Disease

Summary: * to document the clinical utility of diagnostic and/or therapeutic intraoperative endoscopy using a thin, single-use, flexible cholangiopancreatoscope * to identify specific surgical procedures in which intraoperative use of a thin, single use, flexible cholangiopancreatoscope suggests clinically meaningful benefit and generate a hypothesis for possible subsequent claims-supportive study

this case series aims to document the clinical utility of intraoperative endoscopy using a thin, disposable, flexible cholangiopancreatoscope in procedures including but not limited to: * evaluation of biliary lesion(s) during surgical management of common bile duct (cbd) and intrahepatic duct (ihd) strictures, with or without biopsy * transcystic/transcholedochal clearance of biliary stone(s)/sludge/cast with or without mechanical, electrohydraulic or laser lithotripsy * treatment of hepatolithiasis * assessment of communication between the biliary tree and the cyst in the setting of ruptured hydatid parasitic cysts or abcesses * visualization of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (ipmn) lesion(s) with or without biopsy * assessment of pancreatic duct (pd) strictures in chronic pancreatitis, with or without biopsy

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * clinical indication for intraoperative endoscopy using a thin, single-use, flexible cholangiopancreatoscope * written informed consent from patient or legally authorized representative of the patient exclusion criteria: * contraindication for intraoperative endoscopy using a thin, single-use, flexible cholangiopancreatoscope * \<18 years of age * potentially vulnerable subjects, including, but not limited to pregnant women
evaluation of immunoprotection provided by hepatitis b vaccine after birth in healthy children

Conditions: Vaccine Reaction

Summary: worldwide, hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis,and chronic infection with hbv often leads to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma. so far, the most effective way to prevent hbv infection in susceptible population is to inject hepatitis b vaccine. however, long-term protection against hepatitis b virus (hbv) after vaccination remains widely debated. this study aims to evaluate the existence of immune protection in healthy children with negative hepatitis b surface antibody and find a method to evaluate the immune protection induced by hepatitis b vaccine.

one method to determine the long-term protection provided by hepatitis b vaccine against hbv infection is to estimate the cumulative incidence of chronic carrier status and breakthrough infection of previously vaccinated individuals in different periods. up to now, no international standard suggests that hepatitis b vaccine should be used as a routine immunization program. however, it is an important issue to discuss the immune protection of healthy children with negative hepatitis b surface antibody and the duration of this protection in the future. therefore, this study aims to evaluate the existence of immune protection of healthy children with negative hepatitis b surface antibody, find a method to evaluate the immune protection induced by hepatitis b vaccine. the main content of the study: to recruit healthy children. children lacking hbsab were selected for immune memory test and receive a hep b booster. the results of antibody positive group and antibody negative group were compared and analyzed. to find out the most suitable method for evaluating immune protection.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children who are 1-15 years old in chongqing * after birth, three injections of hep b were inoculated in time according to the procedure of 0, 1 and 6 months(the vaccination certificate record) * no hbv booster vaccine given since primary hbv immunization * children or guardian knew and agreed to accept the study * follow - up study and blood collection after vaccination can be accepted exclusion criteria: * unwilling or impossible to participate in this research project; * have a history of allergy or have had a serious vaccine reaction * have immune impairment diseases and appear immune impairment; * immunosuppressive treatment, receive any injection or oral administration of cortisone or cancer chemotherapy; * any kind of vaccine or any kind of observation drug has been vaccinated in the past four weeks; * any acute disease or other infection requiring antibiotic or antiviral treatment in the past four weeks; * fever symptoms occurred in the past week ( axillary temperature ≥ 38 °c) * blood transfusion experience; * has a history of more serious infectious diseases ( five types of hepatitis, aids, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc. ); * hepatitis b infection or carriers(lineal relationship); * abnormal physical examination
the placenta previa and fetal weight

Conditions: Placenta Previa

Summary: placenta previa is a placenta that implants at lower uterine segment, it occurs in about 0.3-0.5% of pregnancies at term. it is a significant risk for development of maternal morbidity, as well as maternal mortality secondary to maternal hemorrhage . also, this abnormal placenta has a negative concern about fetal well being due to prematurity and perinatal mortality, in addition to its undesirable effect on fetal growth. several factors may be behind of the effect of placenta previa on fetal growth. firstly, the blood supply to the lower uterine segment is less than at the upper segment apparently resulting in less feto-placental blood perfusion . secondly, recurrent bleeding attacks from placental previa may affect fetal oxygenation and fetal growth. in spite of above evidences; many studies in literature denied the relation between placenta previa and fetal growth and concluded that the association between low birth weight and placenta previa is mainly due to preterm delivery and to a lesser extent with fetal growth restriction. however; the major drawback of all these studies is lacking of reporting the effect of placenta previa of feto-maternal blood flow representing in studying of doppler blood flow in both uterine and umbilical artery in those patients. the uterine artery blood flow is usually affected by the presence of placenta previa and placenta accreta which reflected on feto-placental blood flow. so the uterine artery doppler velocimetry is a useful tool for predicting placenta accreta . so in the light of above evidences; we aimed, in the current study, not only to investigate the effect on placenta previa on fetal weight but also to walk around the effect of placenta previa on the uterine and umbilical arteries blood flow in trial to explore this conflicting issue. to our knowledge, no previous trial had studied this interesting subject before.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. women who are sure of her pregnancy. 2. women aged 20-35 years. 3. women with bmi 18-22 kg/m2. 4. estimated gestational age is ranging between 30- 32 weeks gestation. 5. singleton pregnancy. 6. placenta previa; either major or minor degrees as regard the cases. 7. placenta previa with minimal vaginal bleeding or haven't any vaginal bleeding. 8. women with normal doppler indices in uterine and umbilical arteries at time of recruitment. 9. women should be living in a nearby area to make follow-up and early transportation are reasonably possible. exclusion criteria: 1. women aged \ 35 years. 2. smoker ≥ 11 cigarettes/day. 3. severe attack of bleeding requiring an immediate intervention. 4. fetal heart rates instability or non reassuring. 5. multiple gestations. 6. previous intrauterine growth restricted fetus. 7. intrauterine fetal death or major fetal anomalies. 8. if associated with abruptio placentae. 9. patients with known bleeding disorders or on anticoagulant therapy