Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
test of chamber pressure to divers and chamber attendants

Conditions: Traumatic Brain Injury

Summary: scuba divers and chamber inside attendants will undergo a brief hyperbaric chamber excursion and will be asked to what chamber pressure they were compressed and what gas they breathed.

in clinical trials evaluating hyperbaric oxygen, blinding can be challenging. options for participant blinding include offering regular air at a lower pressure than the hyperbaric oxygen intervention, or compressing all participants to the same pressure but providing different gas mixes to the active and sham arms. in some trials of hyperbaric oxygen for brain injury, investigators offer a sham chamber session (regular air at 1.2 atmospheres absolute \[atm abs\]) compared to the active intervention, hyperbaric oxygen (100% oxygen at 1.5 atm abs). it is unknown whether individuals familiar with pressure changes, such as divers and hyperbaric chamber inside attendants, could discern the difference between these pressures and thereby become unblinded to study allocation. in this study, 80 experienced divers and chamber inside attendants will be enrolled and randomly assigned to one of four possible chamber pressures and one of two breathing gases. after a brief hyperbaric chamber excursion, they will be asked to what chamber pressure they were compressed and what gas they breathed. if participants can accurately report chamber pressure or breathing gas, pressure-familiar individuals should be excluded from blinded clinical trials of hyperbaric oxygen.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult, age 18 - 65 years * completion of medical history questionnaire without concerns identified for exposure to increased pressure * familiarity with atmospheric pressure change: * experienced and active hyperbaric chamber inside attendant: more than 50 hyperbaric compressions, with more than 4 have been in the last 4 months; or * experienced and active scuba diver: more than 20 lifetime compressed gas open water (not swimming pool) dives, with more than 10 in the last 12 months * able to equalize middle ear pressure easily exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * known risk for barotrauma, as identified on the medical history questionnaire, such as: * recent (within 12 months) inner ear or sinus surgery * spontaneous pneumothorax * pulmonary cysts * emphysema * bullous lung disease * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease needing chronic active therapy * inability to tolerate chamber confinement or pressure * presence of heart failure * presence of any implanted electrical device, except hyperbaric-approved pacemakers * presence of middle-ear tympanostomy tubes

Keywords: hyperbaric oxygen
robotic bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions

Conditions: Lung; Node

Summary: in this study, the feasibility of performing robotic navigation of peripheral airways in human subjects for the purpose of biopsying peripheral lung lesions will be evaluated.

successful biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions remains a challenge due to a number of factors, one of which may be the ability to gain access to peripheral lesions due to the size and maneuverability of conventional bronchoscopes. in this study, the investigators will evaluate the feasibility of a new technique using a robotic endoscope with the monarch navigational platform to both access and biopsy peripheral pulmonary lesions. the monarch platform is a "robotic" assisted or electromechanical, software driven endoscopy system designed to be used by qualified physicians to provide bronchoscopic visualization of and access to patient airways for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. capable and willing to give informed consent 2. acceptable candidate for an elective, non-emergent bronchoscopic procedure 3. solid peripheral lung lesions suspected of malignancy, between 1-5cm in size identified on thin slice ct scan within 14 days of the intended bronchoscopy procedure 4. lack bleeding disorders exclusion criteria: 1. medical contraindication to bronchoscopy 2. patients with a subsolid nodule and/or ground-glass opacity lesions on pre-procedure chest ct 3. patients with endobronchial involvement seen on chest ct 4. lack fitness to undergo flexible bronchoscopy as determined by the bronchoscopist prior to procedure 5. participation in any other investigational clinical trial (device or medication) 30 days before and throughout the duration of the study 6. uncontrolled or irreversible coagulopathy 7. female subjects who are pregnant or nursing or those of child-bearing potential refusing a pregnancy test 8. have significant mediastinal lymphadenopathy on chest ct scan and/or pet ct abnormalities suggestive of advanced stage lung cancer with mediastinal lymph node involvement

Keywords: bronchoscopy robotic bronchoscopy lung cancer peripheral lesions
emergence agitation between dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane anesthesia

Conditions: Emergence Delirium

Summary: emergence agitation is commonly encountered after receiving inhalation anesthesia. this distressing phenomenon carries risks that are harmful to patients, caregivers and medical personnel. using total intravenous dexmedetomidine, the investigators seek to reduce agitation and provide gentle emergence from anesthesia.

surgery for pediatric cleft lip and palate repair often utilizes high dose opioids and inhaled anaesthesia, thereby causing postoperative complications such as desaturation and/or severe agitation after anesthesia. these complications are detrimental to the child, medical personnel and causes tremendous psychologic stress to parents. this study aims to decrease these complications through dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist with anxiolytic, sympatholytic and analgetic properties. devoid of respiratory depressant effect, it allows patients to maintain effective ventilation and reduce agitation, postoperatively. its unique anesthetic property may shed light to provide safe anesthesia and gentle emergence to this young, vulnerable population.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients with weight ranging 5 kg - 25 kg 2. patients with american society of anesthesiologist (asa) physical status classification 1 and 2 exclusion criteria: 1. patients with any acquired congenital syndrome 2. patients who are actively taking anti-seizure medications and/or has been diagnosed with epilepsy 3. patients with functional and structural abnormalities of the heart, including arrythmias 4. patients with liver disease

Keywords: emergence agitation dexmedetomidine delirium children facial cleft
developing and evaluating an indoor air pollution intervention among cardiovascular patients: the airwise study

Conditions: Coronary Heart Disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Environmental Exposure

Summary: this pilot study (n=20) is a prospective evaluation of the implementation of an indoor air pollution intervention among adults 55 years of age or older. the intervention, called air improvement and real-time monitoring for wellness through interactive strategies and education (airwise), is focused on improving indoor air quality through air filtration, education, and behavioral recommendations. all participants will receive the airwise intervention with the objective of evaluating acceptance and use of the individual intervention components. this implementation study will inform the submission of a larger nih proposal for a randomized trial. the central study hypothesis is that an intervention program with educational strategies and visual behavioral cues will increase knowledge and awareness of air pollution exposures among the participants and lead to improved intervention compliance.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult of at least 55 years of age * one primary residence (5+ days per week) * own a computer or electronic device (tablet or phone with web browser), and reliable internet connection or cell phone service (required to submit study surveys) * access to a working email address (required to submit study surveys) * electricity in the home (required to power the study equipment) exclusion criteria: * current smoking of any kind (tobacco, cannabis, vape pens, cigars, etc.) or living in a household with someone who currently smokes * current use of stand-alone home high efficiency purified air (hepa) filtration or pac unit in the home * intention to move in the next 6 months * another person in the household is enrolled in this study (one person per household can enroll) * having any health condition that prevents the participants from having blood pressure measured using an upper-arm cuff: lymphedema, paresis or paralysis, arterial or venous lines/catheters, dialysis shunt, recent surgical wounds, or mastectomy
role of serum adam 17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) and caspase 3 in patients with chronic kidney disease

Conditions: Chronic Kidney Diseases

Summary: 1. to evaluate clinical utility of serum adam 17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) and caspase 3 measurement in chronic kidney disease patients 2. study relationship of serum adam 17 and caspase 3 to stages of chronic kidney disease 3. compare serum adam 17 and caspase 3 levels in diabetic chronic kidney disease patients and non diabetic chronic kidney disease patients

kidney diseases represent a global public health problem ,it is estimated that 10-15% of the population is affected by chronic kidney disease.(1) chronic kidney disease (ckd) is defined by persistent urine and structural abnormalities or impaired excretory renal function ( an estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, persisting for three months or more suggestive of a loss of functional nephrons) (2) the most common contributing factors to ckd include genetic abnormalities and ageing, while the most common underlying diseases associated with ckd are diabetes and hypertension however, ckd can be also due to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases (such as lupus), and medications (3) a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (adam) 17, also known as tumour necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (tace), is a metalloproteinase that releases the ectodomains of most growth factors, cytokines, receptors and enzymes and has been associated with the presence of chronic kidney disease (5) clinical and experimental studies have shown that adam17 is involved in chronic kidney disease (ckd) with a proinflammatory and profibrotic role, suggesting that it could be an important mediator of ckd progression. adam17 inhibition attenuates fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting that its inhibition may be a possible new valuable therapeutic tool in fibrotic kidney disease treatment(6) caspases (cysteine aspartases, cysteine-aspartic proteases) are protease enzymes which play a role in apoptotic pathway. their name derives from their specific cysteine protease activity . most cells have caspases in an inactive proenzyme form, which is activated and induces other pro-caspases, thus initiating a protease cascade. this process is able to amplify the apoptotic signaling pathway and to induce rapid cell death, ,caspase-3 plays a dominant role in apoptosis, involved in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (ckd).(7)

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients with chronic kidney disease 2. patients with different contributing factors e.g diabetis mellitus, hypertension ,autoimmune diseases. exclusion criteria: 1. patients with pulmonary oedema or hepatic disease . 2. patients with known any organ malignancy.
a study to assess the safety, tolerability, ciliary rescue, and pharmacodynamics of rct1100 in adults with pcd

Conditions: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Summary: this is the second in-human study with rct1100 and is designed to provide safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy data for future clinical studies.

the primary objective of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability, ciliary rescue, pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and preliminary efficacy of rct1100 following multiple doses of inhaled rct1100 administered via nebulizer to participants with primary ciliary dyskinesia caused by disease-causing mutations in the dnai1 gene.

Eligibility criteria:
major inclusion criteria: * healthy, adult, male or female of, 18-70 years of age, inclusive, at screening. * participant has clinical diagnosis of pcd and disease-causing mutations in the dnai1 gene * participant has a forced expiratory volume in one second (fev1) of at least 50% predicted. major exclusion criteria: * history or presence of clinically significant medical, surgical, clinical laboratory, or psychiatric condition or disease. * history of cancer, with exception of adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. * predisposition to bleeding or clinically meaningful hemorrhagic event in the 12 months prior * medically significant hemoptysis. * anticoagulation therapy for the treatment of a pulmonary embolus or has had a pulmonary embolus in the last 6 months of screening. * active tuberculosis infection. * 12-lead ecg with qt interval \&gt;450 msec (or \&gt;480 msec for bbb) * laboratory abnormalities in clinical laboratory tests at screening: 1. serum creatinine level 2. total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase values 3. hematological or coagulation values outside the normal reference range * any medical history of disease that has the potential to cause a rise in total bilirubin over the uln. * covid-19 infection within 4 weeks of screening or receipt of covid-19 vaccine within 2 weeks prior to first dose of rct1100. * receipt of vaccine with live virus, attenuated live virus, or live viral components within 2 weeks prior to first dose of rct1100 or to receive these vaccines during treatment or within 8 weeks of completion of study treatment. other protocol defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

Keywords: primary ciliary dyskinesia pcd kartagener syndrome
use of empagliflozin to treat prediabetes

Conditions: PreDiabetes; Prediabetic State; Overweight and Obesity

Summary: the overall purpose of this study is to identify how empagliflozin (a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes) impacts skeletal muscle metabolic health among adults with prediabetes. our aims are to: 1) test the ability of empagliflozin to improve regulation of glucose metabolism (i.e., blood sugar) among overweight and obese individuals at risk for diabetes, and 2) identify mechanisms to explain how empagliflozin may improve skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. we hypothesize empagliflozin will improve regulation of glucose metabolism due to changes in whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolism (e.g., increased rates of whole-body fat oxidation, evidence of impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function and increased energetic stress, lower accumulation of skeletal muscle lipids and improved skeletal muscle insulin signaling compared with placebo treatment).

the overall study design is a 13-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial, testing the ability of empagliflozin to improve glucose metabolism among overweight and obese individuals at risk for diabetes (compared with a multivitamin-placebo). the study involves metabolic testing before and during the intervention to identify changes in outcomes as a function of the intervention and to ensure participant safety. the study involves 9 visits to the samaritan athletic medicine center on the campus of oregon state university in corvallis, oregon. full completion of the study is anticipated to take \~4 months. the project is being completed in collaboration with physicians at samaritan health services.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi 26-45 kg/m2 * weight stable (± 10 lbs in previous 3 months) * fasting blood glucose \<126 mg/dl or hba1c \<6.5% (\<48mmol/mol) exclusion criteria: * regular moderate-vigorous exercise (≥30 min/session on ≥2 days per week) * pregnancy, planning to become pregnant or nursing * lidocaine allergy * current or recent smoking or nicotine use (≤ 1-year abstention) * medications including glucose lowering medications and supplements (sglt2 inhibitors, glp1 agonists, sulfonylurea, insulin, tzds); mono-amine oxidase inhibitors; beta-blockers; diuretics * major metabolic or cardiovascular conditions (e.g., type 1 diabetes, crohn's disease, untreated hypo- or hyperthyroid, cancer, coronary artery disease, tachycardia, prior bariatric surgery, peripheral vascular disease, liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis) * diagnosed type 2 diabetes. in absence of diagnosis, two separate samples with test results of fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl or hba1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). * contraindications/precautions for empagliflozin (impaired renal function (egr\<60), history of: empagliflozin hypersensitivity, ketoacidosis, hypotension, recurring urinary tract or genital mycotic infections, amputation)
effects of blue of glasses vs standard lenses on contrast sensitivity & visual fatigue in myopic & non-myopic adults

Conditions: Myopia

Summary: this study investigates the effects of blue light-blocking glasses compared to standard lenses on contrast sensitivity and visual fatigue in myopic and non-myopic adults. with the growing use of digital screens, blue light exposure has raised concerns due to potential eye strain, sleep disruption, and visual fatigue.

while blue light-blocking lenses are marketed to address these issues, evidence of their efficacy, particularly for different refractive errors like myopia, remains inconclusive. using a randomized controlled design, this study will assess both groups across specific visual tasks to measure contrast sensitivity and visual fatigue. outcomes are evaluated using validated tools, including the computer vision syndrome questionnaire (cvs-q) and visual fatigue questionnaire (vfq), with measurements taken at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. findings are expected to clarify the potential advantages of blue light-blocking glasses over standard lenses, aiding in evidence-based recommendations for adults with varying visual needs.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults aged 18-50 years. * both myopic (with any degree of myopia) and non-myopic adults. * participants who use computer screens for at least four hours per day. * individuals currently using corrective lenses or willing to wear study-provided glasses during the experiment. * individuals willing to complete the study protocol, which includes attending follow-up examinations and filling out visual fatigue questionnaires. exclusion criteria: * a history of any serious vision-related condition (such as glaucoma, cataracts, or retinal problems). * individuals who have already undergone refractive surgery (e.g., lasik) or other types of eye surgery. * systemic conditions affecting vision include diabetes, neurological problems, and any other ailment that may impair visual ability. * taking drugs that are known to impair vision or produce visual tiredness (for example, certain antihistamines and antidepressants). * pregnant women's visual performance may be affected by hormonal changes. * people with uncorrected vision difficulties cannot use the prescription lenses during study time. * participants who are allergic or sensitive to lens materials.
assessing effect of withdrawal time on adenoma detection rate for screening colonoscopy

Conditions: Colon Cancer; Rectal Cancer; Colorectal Cancer

Summary: the investigators' null hypothesis is that a withdrawal time of 9 to 10 minutes is non-inferior to a withdrawal time of 12 minutes or greater. thus, the goal of this tandem design trial is to compare the additional diagnostic yield (# of missed lesions) for withdrawal times exceeding 10 minutes for screening/surveillance colonoscopies. although withdrawal times longer than the standard 6-minute recommendation have been shown to be beneficial, there is limited prospective evidence investigating the benefit or lack thereof for withdrawal times greater than 9-10 minutes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * must be between the ages of 18 and 75 years * must be a patient undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy * must be able to understand and willing to sign an irb-approved written informed consent document. exclusion criteria: * inability to provide informed consent. * personal history of colorectal cancer (crc) * personal history of colon surgery or colon resection * personal history of inflammatory bowel disease * personal history of familial polyposis * current pregnancy * active gi bleeding * colonoscopy exams where the cecum cannot be reached (randomization will occur after cecum is reached).
surveillance study to determine the trends in acute hepatitis a among panamanian children

Conditions: Acute Hepatitis A; Hepatitis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to collect epidemiological and clinical data to assess the vaccine impact and occurrence of confirmed acute hepatitis a cases in sentinel hospitals after the introduction of havrix™ into the expanded program of immunization.

this is an observational, prospective, multi-centre, sentinel based study in 3 hospitals in panama. hospitals are selected based on population density or hepatitis a disease burden. the pan american health organization (paho) definition for a possible case of acute hepatitis a are used for subjects aged between \>1 month and \<15 years. data regarding clinical and epidemiologic information are collected and serum samples are collected to test hepatitis a markers and determine if infection with hepatitis a virus has recently occurred. surveillance will be for a period of approximately 2.5 years from the date of study initiation.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a male or female between \>1 month and \<15 years of age at the time of enrolment, being referred to any of the 3 participating sentinel hospitals. * subjects with clinical diagnosis of possible acute hepatitis a. * written informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject. * subjects for whom a blood sample is collected. exclusion criteria: * subjects with confirmed diagnosis of non-viral hepatitis
multicenter study to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a culturally adapted therapy (c-map)

Conditions: Self Harm

Summary: to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a culturally adapted therapy (c-map) in patients with a history of self-harm

suicide is a serious global public health issue, ranked amongst the leading causes of death in many countries. most of these (75%) are in the low and middle income countries (lamic) and globally suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people 15-29 years of age. there is no official data on suicide from pakistan, a conservative south asian islamic country with historically low suicide rates. both suicide and attempted suicide are illegal acts, as well as socially and religiously condemned, however, there is accumulating evidence that suicide rates have been gradually increasing in pakistan over the last few years. the culturally adapted psychological intervention c-map utilizes problem solving components within a brief intervention that can be widely utilized in clinical practice. our previous pilot trial in karachi shows the efficacy of cbt based intervention(c-map) in people who had recently self harmed.the findings from this work have highlighted the applicability of such an intervention to health services in pakistan for patients who present after a self-harm episode

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients over the age of 18 years will be considered eligible for the study. 2. participants will have to be living within the catchment area of the participating practices and hospitals. 3. not needing inpatient psychiatric treatment. exclusion criteria: 1. temporary resident unlikely to be available for follow up. 2. participants with icd-i0 mental disorder; due to a general medical condition or substance misuse, dementia, delirium, alcohol or drug dependence, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, learning disability. 3. unable to engage, participate or respond to the research questionnaires.

Keywords: self harm culturally adapted therapy problem solving therapy low and middle income countries