Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
defining normal postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after total knee arthroplasty

Conditions: Local Anesthetic Complication; Local Anesthetic Drug Adverse Reaction

Summary: the aim of this study was to describe the postoperative "baseline" magnetic resonance imaging (mri) appearance of the ipsilateral thigh musculature after total knee arthroplasty (tka). the secondary aim was to describe baseline muscle enzyme levels under the same clinical scenario. neither of these measures have been reported previously.

* in 2016, 3 sentinel cases of presumed local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity were reported after tka with associated continuous adductor canal block (cacb) analgesia. the diagnosis was made based on its consistency with animal and human descriptions of local anesthetic myotoxicity, including: a) exposure to local anesthetic, b) delayed symptom onset after a period of normal recovery, c) rapid development of profound muscle flaccidity, and d) complete to partial recovery of motor function after weeks to months. mris obtained in these patients showed diffuse intra- and inter-muscular edema (inflammation) of the ipsilateral thigh, which was believed to support the presumptive diagnosis. however, because baseline mri appearance of upper leg muscles has never been described for this clinical scenario, it is possible that the mri scans represented "normal, baseline" appearance. * this case series intended to prospectively describe postoperative mri appearance in a cohort of asymptomatic volunteer patients that underwent uncomplicated tka/cacb. in addition, because obtaining biomarkers of muscle injury might also be a reasonable diagnostic step, we sought to measure preoperative and postoperative creatine phosphokinase (cpk) and aldolase levels. * mri scans were read by 5 board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists masked to the study's purpose. grading was done using a standard grid that facilitated systematic evaluation of various regions within the upper leg. at least 3 of 5 radiologists were required to declare edema as present within a given region of the leg. * only those volunteer patients that presented a normal postoperative course, i.e., had no unexpected leg muscle weakness, were entered into the study. as such, the mri and muscle enzyme analysis results had no impact on the volunteer patients' clinical outcome or management. this was a prospective, observational/descriptive case series. there was no control group and we did not intend to investigate issues of cause-and-effect.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * scheduled for unilateral primary tka with cacb * tka and early recovery was uncomplicated (no evidence of unexpected leg weakness) exclusion criteria: * contraindication to spinal anesthesia or adductor canal-based analgesia * history of muscle wasting or related disease * history of autoimmune disorders that may affect muscles * history of neurologic condition affecting the lower extremities * contraindications to mri

Keywords: myotoxicity myositis magnetic resonance imaging creatine phosphokinase aldolase
performance and safety of miwendo-assisted colonoscopy (miwendo ii)

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer; Colorectal Polyp; Colorectal Adenoma; Colorectal Adenomatous Polyp; Colorectal Adenocarcinoma; Colorectal Neoplasms

Summary: the study involves the planned use of a new microwave-based device during colonoscopy procedures in 50 patients to assess the performance and safety of its use for detection of colorectal polyps and lack of normal clinical practice modification. the device is a final design version, which has been previously tested in several preclinical studies (including phantom studies, an ex vivo study with human tissues, and an in vivo study with porcine model) and in a pilot study in humans (nct05477836)

this study is designed as a single-center prospective, non-comparative study in 50 patients, whereby data will be subject to an analytical description, rather than to a statistical treatment (refer to statistical design and analysis). in this study the principal aims are to assess the performance and safety of the device for the detection of colorectal polyps when used as an accessory to colonoscopy. relevant claims to verify in this study are that the device will detect in first instance polyps not detected initially with the endoscopic image and can be used without ades, without any change in the current clinical practice, as well as without any major difficulty by the endoscopist, neither in the preparation nor in the use of the device during exploration. in addition, in the first phase of the study (n=15 patients), the study aims to gather real clinical data with the use of the device to optimise the processing software that will be key to demonstrate miwendo\&#39;s performance on the second part of the study (n=35 patients). consequently, principal and secondary objectives of this investigation, are: principal objectives: * to assess the performance of miwendo-assisted colonoscopy in the detection of colorectal polyps. * to assess the safety of miwendo-assisted colonoscopy. secondary objectives: * to assess the perception of difficulty by the endoscopist when the device is used. * to provide exploratory analysis of differences in miwendo-assisted colonoscopy in different groups of patients to guide future rct. * to assess the patient's comfort.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - patients with a previously detected polyp in the rectum referred for resection. these criteria will ensure the probability of finding polyps during the explorations. all the patients will give written informed consent. exclusion criteria: * patients at a high risk of having major complications as perforation or hemorrhage, suspected or proven lower gastrointestinal bleeding, non-correctable coagulopathy or anticoagulant/clopidogrel therapy during procedure, inadequate bowel cleansing. * asa-iv patients. * urgent colonoscopy.

Keywords: microwave imaging colonoscopy early diagnosis colorectal cancer screening
understanding and improving quality of life through a wireless activity tracker: observational phase

Conditions: Brain Tumor

Summary: this project attempts to correlate wireless activity data with quality of life and sleep surveys in order to find a new method of monitoring patients during their treatment.

this project proposes the investigation, validation, and use of a wireless activity tracker to better understand and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from brain tumors. the fitbit flex wireless syncing activity tracker will be distributed to 75 patients, and the electronic infrastructure to automatically track patients will be created and adapted for the cohort. surveys will routinely assess the ease-of-use and any problems arising. this heterogenous population of patients suffering from brain tumors will be tracked and compared through routine evaluation of their quality of life through well-established surveys, including the sf-36 and fact-br. the association between data recorded from the activity tracker and the qol surveys will be quantified to validate the activity tracking data as a surrogate measure of part, if not all, of qol as well as sleep.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosed with primary or metastatic brain tumor * able to wear wireless activity tracker * able to complete qol and sleep surveys every 3 months exclusion criteria: * unable to provide consent * age \< 18 * lack of use of the wireless activity tracker for more than 2 consecutive months

Keywords: fitbit activity tracker sleep quality of life
prognostic value of endothelial dysfunction and coronary complexity

Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease

Summary: the investigators test the additional clinical value of the physiological assessment of endothelial function to the morphological assessment of coronary complexity and classical risk score in predicting cardiovascular events.

the investigators enroll consecutive, stable high risk patients for cardiovascular events. the reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index (rhi) was measured before coronary angiography and coronary lesions were assessed angiographically by syntax scoring system. the investigators all subjects and examined the occurrence of cardiovascular events (cv death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, unstable angina pectoris, hospitalization for hf, coronary revascularization, or non-fatal aortic and peripheral vascular disease).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * stable, high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus, or more than two conventional coronary risk factors, who are referred for coronary angiography because of angina-like chest symptoms. exclusion criteria: * an ejection fraction \< 50% * moderate to severe valvular heart disease * cardiomyopathy * allergy to latex * significant endocrine, hepatic, renal, or inflammatory disease * cerebrovascular disease
community-partnered participatory development of mobile interventions

Conditions: Depressive Symptoms

Summary: the purpose of the study is to test an experimental method, a text-messaging app called b-resilient, for improving participants' mood. b-resilient is a text messaging app adaptation of a resiliency course, developed by community members known as building resiliency and community hope.

in phase 1, the investigators held a series of in-person and virtual workshops with the partnered research center for quality care (prc) community partners to co-develop mobile interventions to address community priorities. the goal of the workshops was to develop novel mobile interventions based on stakeholder input. the specific intervention to be developed was determined based on stakeholder input regarding community priorities during the workshops. workshops were audio and/or video recorded to document the process. one of the tools used in this process was the chorus participatory mobile framework created at the center for health services and society at ucla. chorus is a web application that allows users to easily create mobile (text messaging and interactive voice) applications in real-time without requiring any server programming. the investigators used this framework during the workshops to develop and test the application in real-time. participants were also given phone numbers to call or text in to the intervention that they co-developed for the purpose of testing, providing feedback, and guiding future development. in phase 2, the investigators will conduct a pilot randomized control trial of the b-resilient tool developed during the workgroup phase 1. investigators will enroll 30 adults in south los angeles to participate in a randomized, wait-list trial. the study group will receive the intervention for 4 weeks, followed by the wait-list group for another 4 weeks. investigators will conduct baseline and follow-up surveys, as well as in-person or telephone workgroups, to assess the tool's usability and feasibility for supporting management of mood and depressive symptoms.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 or older 2. speak english 3. endorse one item on the phq-2 4. are able to be contacted by phone or email, and have a cell phone that receives text messages 5. have internet access exclusion criteria: 1. under age 18 years 2. endorse no items on phq-2 screener 3. phq-8 score of 15 or greater on the baseline interview 4. no cell phone and internet access 5. currently homeless 6. has a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder 7. current alcohol and substance abuse

Keywords: depressive symptoms resiliency health promotion minority health text-messaging app participatory technology development
brown adipose tissue as nutrient buffer through diet induced thermogenesis

Conditions: Brown Adipose Tissue; Metabolic Disease

Summary: to test the hypothesis that active bat improves metabolic health by buffering postprandial metabolites plasma metabolites and energy expenditure will be compared in volunteers with and without active bat. both groups will receive test meals with protein, fat and carbohydrates separately, so that the individual impacts of these macronutrients on diet induced thermogenesis and the buffering function of bat can be derived. bat biopsies will be taken before and after the test meals for molecular analysis.

in this prospective interventional study healthy individuals will be screened for presence of active bat: maximal bat activity will be achieved by a mild cold stimulus over 2 hous and quantified by 18f-fdg-pet/ct 30 min after injection of 75 mbq of 18f-fdg. individuals with fdg-pet positive bat will be included as bat-positive subjects (n=15) and individuals with absence of fdg-positive bat will be included as bat-negative subjects (n=15) and then take part in three study visits in random order. during the study visits participants will consume a standardized isocaloric liquid meal consisting of a) glucose (ogtt) b) fat and c) protein. energy expenditure will be measured by indirect calorimetry before as well as hourly after the meal for 5 hours. blood samples will be taken before and at 30 minute intervals after the meal for 5 hours for analysis of blood glucose, triglycerides, faas, representative amino acids, insulin and noradrenaline. subjects will undergo ultrasound-guided biopsy of the supraclavicular fat depot in the fasting state and after one of the test meals so that biopsies from 5 individuals in each group after each test meal will be obtained.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi 18.5 to 28 kg/m2 * able to give informed consent as documented by signature exclusion criteria: * concomitant medication other than prescription free analgesics (paracetamol and nsaid) and oral contraceptives * other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus) * hyper- or hypothyroidism * smoker / habitual tobacco use * weight change of \>5% within 3 months prior to inclusion * hypersensitivity to cold (e.g. raynaud syndrome) * known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse * inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant * enrolment of the investigator, his/her family members, employees and other dependent persons * enrolment into another study using ionizing radiation within the previous 12 months * enrolment into another study including a pharmacological or nutritional intervention * pregnancy or lactation * lab parameters * serum-creatinine: above 1.5x upper limit of normal (uln) * glycated hemoglobin (hba1c): above 6.0% * random plasma glucose \>11 mm

Keywords: diet induced thermogenesis cold exposure energy expenditure
impact of iron deficiency anemia on neurobehavioral and cognitive development in children aged 6 to 24 months

Conditions: Iron-Deficiency Anemia; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Growth Disorders; Nutritional Status

Summary: the goal of this observational study is to explore the relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and neurobehavioral development in children aged 6-24 months. this study focuses on children who undergo health check-ups and blood tests at pediatric health clinics in pingshan district, shenzhen, china. the main questions it aims to answer are: how does iron-deficiency anemia affect children's neurobehavioral development, including motor skills, language ability, and social behavior? how does anemia influence growth and nutrition, such as weight, height, and body mass index (bmi) in children? participants will: undergo blood tests (including hemoglobin levels, serum ferritin, and serum iron) to assess anemia status. be assessed using the "neuropsychological behavioral development scale for children aged 0-6" to measure motor, cognitive, language, and social development. provide general health information, such as birth history, feeding methods, and parental details, through interviews with trained surveyors. researchers will compare children with and without iron-deficiency anemia to determine differences in neurobehavioral outcomes and development levels. the findings aim to provide evidence for early interventions to prevent the negative impacts of anemia and support children's healthy development.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children aged 6 to 24 months at the time of enrollment * diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia (for the exposure group) or confirmed * non-anemic status (for the control group) based on blood test results * resident in the study area for at least 6 months prior to enrollment * availability of parental or guardian consent to participate in the study and willingness to follow study protocols * completion of all baseline assessments, including neurodevelopmental and physical growth evaluations exclusion criteria: * presence of congenital or chronic illnesses that could affect * neurodevelopment, such as down syndrome or cerebral palsy. * history of severe infections or trauma within 3 months prior to enrollment that * could influence neurodevelopmental outcomes * current use of medications or treatments that may interfere with iron metabolism (e.g., iron supplementation or blood transfusions in the last 6 months) * premature birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) or low birth weight (\< 2,500 grams) * parental refusal to provide consent or non-compliance with study procedures.
a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olanzapine titration schedule in patients with schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: the objective of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olanzapine titration schedule in patients with schizophrenia


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * of patients with schizophrenia in accordance with dsm(diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)-5 diagnostic criteria, who are judged that administration of low dose is more appropriate than initial recommended dose or standard titration dose of olanzapine to consider medical conditions by investigator * patients with the duration of schizophrenia for more than 1 year at screening visit(visit 1) exclusion criteria: * patients diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder(e.g. schizoaffective disorder, etc.), bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, etc., in accordance with dsm(diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)-5 diagnostic criteria at screening visit(visit 1) * patients with a history of hospitalization for worsening schizophrenia within 12 weeks at screening visit(visit 1)
evaluation, treatment and monitoring of patients with a known or suspected parasitic infection

Conditions: Malaria; Intestinal Worms; GI Protozoa; Echiniococcus; Strongyloides

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate, treat and follow patients with parasitic infections. people with a known or suspected parasitic infection who are at least 1 year old may be enrolled. this study does not involve any experimental treatments. participants will have a physical examination and laboratory tests on blood, stool, or urine. blood samples may be collected at regular intervals, but no more than 450 ml (15 ounces) of blood will be drawn from adults, and no more than 7 ml (1-1/2 teaspoons) per kg (2.2 pounds) of body weight from children, in any 6-week period. other tests may include x-rays, electrocardiogram (ekg), or tissue biopsy (surgical removal of a small tissue sample), depending on the individual s condition. patients may be offered treatment or may be referred to another study that is more appropriate for the problem. any treatment provided in this study will be according to standard medical practice for the patient s specific medical problem. patients responses to treatment will be evaluated at regularly scheduled clinic visits. the length of time between visits and the total duration of the study for a given individual will be determined by the study doctor, based on that person s medical condition.

this study is designed as a prospective study to evaluate and treat patients with parasitic infection. patients with known or suspected parasitic infection will be enrolled and will be evaluated for the presence of a parasitic infection. minimal studies scheduled for each visit will include a medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory tests, and specialized diagnostic procedures for possible parasitic infections. treatment plans will be individualized for each patient's particular condition, and the number and length of additional visits and diagnostic evaluations will vary accordingly. specific treatment regimens will be in accordance with standard medical practice.

Eligibility criteria:
* inclusion criteria: age 3 or over. access to a primary medical care provider outside of the nih clinical evidence suggestive of a parasitic infection exclusion criteria: less than 3 years of age no evidence suggestive of a parasitic infection

Keywords: helminth infection parasite known parasitic infection suspected parasitic infection natural history
transfer of strictly anaerobe microbes from mother to child

Conditions: Microbial Colonization

Summary: this study aims to investigate the changes in the microbiota at different body sites in late pregnancy, in comparison with non-pregnant women, with particular emphasis on archaea, and to identify possible maternal-to-child transfer routes for acquisition of strictly anaerobic microorganisms by analyzing the gut microbiota of new born infants (delivered vaginally or by c-section).

the investigators hypothesize that changes occur in the microbial community during pregnancy in different body sites (vagina, oral etc.) and that the main source of these microorganisms is the mother for vaginally born infants, while c-section born infants acquire most of the anaerobic microbial communities from other sources rather than mother's vaginal and gut microbiota, such as the environment. specific research objectives will be: 1. to investigate diversity of archaea in the vagina of healthy women in the context with community state types (csts), and compare vaginal microbiome in pregnant with non-pregnant healthy women. 2. to identify the presence of archaea in different body sites (oral, gut) or body fluids (amniotic fluid, urine, human milk) within the perinatal microbial communities. 3. to investigate the presence of archaea in the infant's first-days-of-life intestinal community, and to identify the sources of these microorganisms by using source tracking approach. 4. to investigate human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) in maternal (serum, saliva, urine, breast milk) or intrauterine sources (amniotic fluid) as potential modifiers of the microbial communities in these sites. 5. to analyze associations of maternal/ intrauterine hmos with infant hmos and microbiota (meconium and infant stool) in order to investigate vertical transmission of microbiota to the infant.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy women * pregnant women: delivery at term (gestational age 37-42); contractions or rupture of membrane no longer than 12h before admission to hospital exclusion criteria: * bacterial/ fungal infections * use of antibiotics/ probiotics in past 3 months * fetal anomalies * multiple pregnancies * diabetes type 1, 2, gestational diabetes * hypertension, preeclampsia/hellp * hiv ( human immunodeficiency virus), hcv (hepatitis c) * drug abuse, smoking