metabolic effects of egg protein and unsaturated fat intakes in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia

Conditions: Hypertriglyceridemia

Summary: the goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of replacing some refined starches and added sugars with a combination of egg protein and unsaturated fatty acids on markers of cardiometabolic health in men and women with hypertriglyceridemia.

the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a combination of egg protein and unsaturated fatty acids acting as substitutes for \~16% of energy from refined carbohydrate on the metabolic profile of men and women with elevated triglycerides. this is a randomized, controlled feeding, crossover trial that includes two screening/baseline visits, two 3-week treatment conditions, and a 2-week washout phase. subjects consume a standardized background diet (7-day rotating menu) that incorporates at least 3 servings/day of study test foods, providing 40-60% of subjects' daily energy needs. study test foods consist of yogurt, muffins, waffles, and cookies. the test foods account for 8% higher protein energy (from egg protein) and 8% higher fat energy (from unsaturated fatty acids) in the active condition compared to the control condition. in the control condition, the study foods account for 16% higher carbohydrate energy. the overall macronutrient composition of each condition is as follows: active condition, approximately 42/23/35% kcal from carbohydrate/protein/fat, respectively, and control condition, approximately 58/15/27% kcal from carbohydrate/protein/fat, respectively. blood samples will be collected at baseline and end of treatment for measurement of metabolic parameters, and a liquid meal tolerance test (lmtt) will be conducted at baseline and the end of each treatment period.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * fasting tg level 150-499 mg/dl * body mass index (bmi) 25.0-39.9 kg/m2 * score of 7-10 on vein access scale * normally active and judged to be in general good health on basis of medical history and routine laboratory tests exclusion criteria: * fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl or known type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus * atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease * recent history or current significant renal, pulmonary, hepatic, biliary, or gastrointestinal disease * abnormal lab test results of clinical significance (e.g., creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl and aspartate or alanine transaminase ≥1.5 times upper limit of normal) * history of cancer in previous 2 years * uncontrolled hypertension * recent unstable use of anti-hypertensive medication, thyroid hormone replacements, and/or medications known to substantially influence carbohydrate metabolism * recent use of certain blood pressure medications (e.g., beta-adrenergic blockers and/or high-dose thiazide diuretics) * recent use of lipid-altering drugs (e.g., statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, or fibrates) * recent use of diabetes medication (e.g., alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides and biguanide combinations, bile acid sequestrants, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, meglitinides, and sulfonylureas and combination sulfonylureas) * recent use of lipid-altering foods, herbs, or dietary supplements (e.g., niacin, sterol/stanol products, dietary fiber supplements, red rice yeast supplements) * recent unstable use of herbs and dietary supplements that may influence carbohdyrate metabolism * extreme dietary habits, dietary restrictions, or significant food allergies * required energy intake \ 3400 kcal/day * recent change in body weight of ±4.5 kg * recent use of weight loss drugs or programs * active infection or on antibiotic therapy * current or recent history of drug or alcohol abuse * pregnant, planning to be pregnant, or lactating females or women of childbearing potential unwilling to commit to use of a medically approved form of contraception

Keywords: egg protein unsaturated fatty acids triglycerides insulin sensitivity lipid triad