Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
assessment of ventilation parameters for extubation prediction in icu

Conditions: Acute Respiratory Failure; Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Summary: the study aims to research the values of mechanical power, driving pressure, and elastic power in predicting the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. this will help determine which patients may be considered for early extubation, which patients should wait for extubation, and the patients where extubation is anticipated to be prolonged, attention should be paid to initiating preparations for alternative treatment methods like tracheostomy early.

due to acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation support is provided to over 20 million patients worldwide. therefore, various studies are being conducted to prevent ventilation-associated lung injury in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, especially in conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). initially, protective mechanical ventilation studies have shown that keeping plateau pressure (pplat), reflecting static compliance, below 30 cmh2o along with low tidal volume reduces all-cause mortality. subsequent studies have defined driving pressure as pplato-peep, suggesting that keeping driving pressure below 15 cmh2o may reduce excessive strain on healthy lung tissue and the development of ventilator-associated lung injury. in 2016, gattinoni and colleagues defined mechanical power as the power applied by the ventilator to the entire respiratory system per minute during mechanical ventilation, prompting research into the relationship between mechanical power and mortality, particularly in ards. mechanical power consists of three components: energy delivered with each breath when peep is applied, energy applied to overcome airway resistance, and elastic energy delivered with each tidal breath. finally, yongpeng xie and colleagues hypothesized that elastic power, normalized by compliance, has a more significant relationship with mortality in ards patients. studies on mechanical power, driving pressure, and elastic power typically focus on values measured on the first day of intubation and are predominantly conducted in ards patients. by including all patients under invasive mechanical ventilation in the study, the importance of measuring and monitoring mechanical ventilator parameters (mechanical power, driving pressure, and elastic power) at 0th, 24th, and 48th hours to predict extubation within the first week is being determined. this aims to identify when early extubation should be considered, when extubation should be delayed, and to prepare for alternative treatment options like tracheostomy in cases where extubation might be prolonged.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * consenting patients who have recently been intubated for acute respiratory failure exclusion criteria: * patients with lung cancer/ lung metastasis * ecmo * death within 24 hours

Keywords: respiratory failure extubation mechanical power elastic power repiratory mechanics outcome
medicinal nicotine for preventing cue induced craving

Conditions: Tobacco Use Disorder

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine if changing the timeframe (relative to cue presentation) at which the nicotine lozenge is given can attenuate the increase in symptoms of tobacco craving and withdrawal that occur when smokers are presented with smoking cues. in this cross-over study, all subjects attend three laboratory sessions at which either nicotine lozenge or placebo is given prior to presentation of smoking cues or after presentation of smoking cues. the order in which the three conditions will be presented are randomized.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * smoking a minimum number of cigarettes per day * general good health exclusion criteria: * unstable medical or psychiatric conditions * history of severe motion sickness (due to virtual reality equipment used to present cues) * women who are pregnant or breast feeding the investigators will evaluate if there are other reasons why someone may not participate
endoscopic screening on esophageal cancer

Conditions: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Summary: importance: there are no global screening recommendations for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc). endoscopic screening has been investigated in high incidence areas of china since 1970's. but up until now there no apparent evidence that would lead to a reduction in disease morbidity and mortality. objective: to evaluate whether endoscopic screening and early intervention program could reduce the incidence or mortality of escc. design: community-based, controlled cohort study among 45 386 residents, endoscopy screening was completed from november 1999 to may of 2000. subjects in intervention group were examined once during intervention period. the study follow-up concluded in december 2009. setting: high risk area of escc in china participants:cluster sampling from communities with high rates of esophageal cancer. a set of villages with was selected as the study intervention community. age 40 to 69 years residents were selected as an eligible population. another set of villages was select as the control population. buffer villages were set up between intervention and control group. intervention: endoscopy with lugol's iodine staining and early treatment on precancerous lesions was undergone for the intervention group. main outcome(s) and measure(s): incidence and mortality escc


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * local residents * men and women aged 40 to 69 years * no contraindications for endoscopic examinations (e.g. history of reaction of iodine or lidocaine), and who were mentally and physically competent to provide written informed consent. * informed consent exclusion criteria: * not local residents * age younger than 40 yrs and older than 69 yrs * history of reaction of iodine or lidocaine * contraindications for endoscopic examinations

Keywords: esophageal cancer screening endoscopy prevention
intra-operative (io) navigation and io-cbct for 3d orbital reconstruction

Conditions: Orbital Fractures

Summary: background correction of post traumatic and post-ablative orbita defects remains a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeon. the purpose of such intervention is the restoration of both function and aesthetics by anatomical reconstruction of the bony orbitawalls, with attention to the orbitavolume. unfortunately, the results of such interventions today are still somewhat unpredictable. the aim of this study is to determine whether 3d virtual planning combined with intra-operative navigation can increase the predictability of the outcome in function and aesthetics. study design retrospective study. demographic data, diagnostic and surgical parameters will be collected of all patients undergoing orbital surgery between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2016 at the department. pre- en postoperative orbit volume will be determined based on ct-analysis in brainlab software, and compared to the non-defected orbit.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * patients of all genders * patients of all ages * patients undergoing surgery for orbit fractures between 01/01/2012 until 31/12/2016

Keywords: intra-operative navigation 3d virtual planning intra-operative cone beam computed tomography (cbct)
an inpatient study of the effectiveness and safety of depakote er in the treatment of mania/bipolar disorder

Conditions: Bipolar Disorder

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of depakote er compared to placebo in the treatment of bipolar disorder, manic or mixed type in adults.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * current primary diagnosis of bipolar i disorder, mania or mixed type * acute exacerbation of mania associated with bipolar disorder as defined by mania rating scale score \>= 18 * hospitalized no more than 7 days at time of screening or in process of being admitted * history of at least one prior manic or mixed episode within past 3 years, exclusive of the current episode. prior manic or mixed episode must be separated from current episode by at least 2 months of sustained improvement exclusion criteria * history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder * axis i (e.g., anxiety disorder), or axis ii (e.g., personality disorder) that would interfere with compliance or confound interpretation of study results * current manic or mixed episode is drug-induced or secondary to a medical disorder (e.g., aids, corticosteroids) * current manic or mixed episode is believed to be caused by antidepressant use (i.e., antidepressant-induced mania) * had first manic episode after age 60 * has ever taken clozapine * has received depot neuroleptic medication within one inter-injection interval of first dose of study drug * urine toxicology screen is positive for phencyclidine (pcp), opiates, cocaine or amphetamines * history of active alcohol or substance dependence within past 3 months. * history of failed treatment on adequate valproate therapy for bipolar disorder * has taken depakote (dr or er) regularly over the last 30 days * has serious violent, homicidal, or suicidal ideation

Keywords: bipolar disorder (manic or mixed type)
probiotics, immunity, stress, and qofl

Conditions: Stress; Quality of Life

Summary: the purpose of this graduate student research study is to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic and investigate if sex differences influence the role of probiotics on stress and immunity biomarkers.

visit #1 * participants will read and sign informed consent forms, hippa form, and sahp covid-19 screening form. * participants will perform a baseline oral saliva swab to test for the stress biomarker cortisol and immune markers, including interleukin-1β (il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf). * swabs will be individually packaged. after opening the package, participants will place the swab under their tongue for 1-2 minutes. * after swabbing is complete, the swab will be placed into the collection tube and capped immediately. * completed swabs will be placed and held in a sub negative 70° fahrenheit freezer. * participants will complete a quality-of-life questionnaire (10-15 minutes). * as this study is double blinded, participants will be separated by gender (male and female) and will select a 90-day supply of placebo or probiotic sample at random. for each gender group there will be 50 samples to select from, comprised of a mix of 25 placebo and 25 probiotic bottles. * participants will be instructed to take 1 capsule per day for the following 90 days. if a participant misses a day, they should resume taking 1 capsule per day the next day. the capsule should not be crushed or chewed. the capsule may be taken with or without food per participant preference. the participant should consistently take the probiotic at a similar time each day (example: always take it in the morning or evening) visit #2 * participants will complete the same quality-of-life questionnaire from visit #1 * participants will perform a post-study oral saliva swab in the same manner as visit #1

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * males and females * 18-90 years of age * participants should be of good health exclusion criteria: * women who are self-reported as pregnant and/or breastfeeding * those who suffer from any systemic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, hiv, cancer, or chronic kidney disease. * persons who are diagnosed with clinical depression or anxiety, or other mental health diagnoses such as schizophrenia or alzheimer's. * persons who have taken any probiotic for 5 or more days in the 3 months prior to the trial * persons having received antibiotics or non-steroid anti-inflammatory therapy in the last 3-month period prior to the study * persons who work night shift * persons who consume probiotic rich foods daily, such as yogurt, kimchi, kombucha, kefir, sauerkraut, tempeh, miso, and buttermilk * anyone who is allergic to any ingredient in the probiotic or placebo
safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel niclosamide solution in combination with camostat

Conditions: Healthy Volunteers

Summary: niclosamide is a well-established substance that is a promising candidate for a repurposing approach to treat covid-19. niclosamide is currently marketed as a chewing tablet for the treatment of intestinal worm infections. the marketed formulation is optimized for minimal drug substance absorption. a niclosamide solution has been developed that is expected to release the drug substance more readily and more reproducibly. camostat is approved for oral treatment of chronic pancreatitis and reflux oesophagitis in japan. camostat has been shown to effectively block viral replication in a sars-cov-2 animal model. since the mechanisms of actions are different, it was hypothesized that a combination of both substances might have an additive or even synergistic effect in the treatment of covid-19 patients. this 3-part study is designed to investigate (1) safety and pharmacokinetics of single ascending doses of the new niclosamide solution after fasted and fed conditions, (2) the relative bioavailability of the niclosamide solution compared to the chewing tablet, and (3) safety and pharmacokinetics of the combination of niclosamide solution and camostat after multiple doses in healthy volunteers.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy male or female subjects in good health as determined by past medical history * physical examination, vital signs and safety lab at screening * between 18 to 45 years of age exclusion criteria: * significant illness * pregnant or lactating women
study to assess long-term outcomes of trientine in wilson disease patients withdrawn from therapy with d-penicillamine

Conditions: Wilson Disease

Summary: a study to review wilson disease patients who have previously been prescribed d- penicillamine but were changed to trientine as treatment for their disease, and to follow them for a further 12 months.

a retrospective study to review wilson disease patients who have previously been prescribed d- penicillamine but were changed to trientine as treatment for their disease, and to follow them prospectively for a further 12 months.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients aged 1 year to 90 years of age. * physician established diagnosis of wilson disease based on a ferenci score \> 3. * documented treatment with d-penicillamine, withdrawal of treatment with d- penicillamine, followed by treatment with trientine for at least 6 months at date of informed consent. * able/willing to provide written informed consent. * for enrolment in the prospective part, enrolment in the retrospective part of the study is required. exclusion criteria: * incomplete history of medication use for trientine from initial diagnosis to latest follow up. * unavailable outcome data for hepatic and neurological course of disease at assessment time points. * patients with acute liver failure and fulminant hepatic disease with fatal outcome. * hypersensitivity to trientine and severe anaemia.
efficacy and safety of oral tofacitinib in the treatment of alopecia areata

Conditions: Extensive Alopecia Areata

Summary: this clinical trial was conducted at the dermatology department of services hospital lahore. patients of extensive and treatment resistant alopecia areata were enrolled after ethical approval and informed consent by non-probability consecutive sampling. inclusion criteria: treatment with oral tofacitinib citrate was initiated at 5 mg twice daily for six months. scalp hair loss was calculated at 4, 12 and 24 weeks using the validated severity of alopecia tool (salt) score, which ranges from 0% to 100%. regrowth rate: (initial salt score - final salt score)/(initial salt score) × 100 was noted. response time (time from initiation of treatment to any sign of hair regrowth) was noted. dlqi of patients before and after treatment were noted. side effects were noted. pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken. patients were followed up for another 6 months to look for relapse. data were entered and analyzed using spss 20. means were calculated for quantitative variables, frequencies for qualitative data. data were stratified for the role of effect modifiers.

this clinical trial was conducted at the dermatology department of services hospital lahore. patients of extensive and treatment resistant alopecia areata were enrolled after ethical approval and informed consent by non-probability consecutive sampling. treatment with oral tofacitinib citrate was initiated at 5 mg twice daily for six months after labs and ruling out contraindications. scalp hair loss was calculated at 4, 12 and 24 weeks using the validated severity of alopecia tool (salt) score, which ranges from 0% to 100%. regrowth rate: (initial salt score - final salt score)/(initial salt score) × 100 was noted. response time (time from initiation of treatment to any sign of hair regrowth) was noted. dlqi of patients before and after treatment were noted. side effects were noted. pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken. patients were followed up for another 6 months to look for relapse. data were entered and analyzed using spss 20. means were calculated for quantitative variables, frequencies for qualitative data. data were stratified for the role of effect modifiers.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * either gender age 18 to 60 years extensive disease (salt \> 24) exclusion criteria: * patients taking immunosuppressants or dmards recent live vaccination active or latent tb, hepatitis b or c, hiv malignancy hypersensitivity to the drug pregnant or lactating mothers

Keywords: alopecia areata tofacitinib efficacy safety hair loss
optimal antiplatelet therapy for chinese patients with coronary artery disease

Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone for the prevention of atherothrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease (cad). however, the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapy are varied due to ethnic and/or individual variability. the aim of the opt-cad study was to demonstrate contemporary status and outcomes of antiplatelet therapy in chinese cad patients, and to explore predictors of ischemic or bleeding events in such cohort.patients above 18 years old who were diagnosed as cad and received antiplatelet therapy were prospectively enrolled in this national wide, non-intervention registry. all medications and laboratory tests were physician discretion.

antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone for the prevention of atherothrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease (cad). however, the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapy are varied due to ethnic and/or individual variability. the aim of the opt-cad study was to demonstrate contemporary status and outcomes of antiplatelet therapy in chinese cad patients, and to explore predictors of ischemic or bleeding events in such cohort.patients above 18 years who were diagnosed as cad and received antiplatelet therapy were prospectively enrolled in this national wide, non-intervention registry. all medications and laboratory tests were at physician discretion.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease 2. age \>= 18 years old 3. receiving any antiplatelet agents 4. informed written consent signed exclusion criteria: 1. with severe disease and life expectancy for 6 months or less 2. difficult to attain follow-up situations judged by researchers (travel, speech or mental disorder, etc.) 3. taking part in an interventional clinical research

Keywords: coronary artery disease antiplatelet therapy
dissecting de-automatization

Conditions: Mindfulness

Summary: the proposed study will assess the effects of mindfulness meditation training on an eye blink conditioning (ebc) task in a sample of novice meditators. this methodology will allow investigation of whether mindfulness interrupts classical conditioning through the process of de-automatization. implicit learning rates, as reflective of unconscious habit formation and measured by the frequency of conditioned responses during the ebc, will be a main outcome of interest. the proposed study will also assess the effects of mindfulness meditation training on an emotion regulation (er) task, with a specific focus on reappraisal of negative images and savoring of positive images.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18-60, 2. willingness to participate in study interventions and assessments. exclusion criteria: 1. prior experience with mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, or mindfulness-based relapse prevention, or a history of meditation practice, 2. learning disability, significant memory problems or significant attentional disruptions as determined by self-report, 3. history of head injury resulting in loss of consciousness.
feasibility of measurement of optical aberrations in hyperopia by using an adaptive optics visual simulator (aovis-i)

Conditions: Hyperopia

Summary: the primary purpose of the protocol is to evaluate the adaptive optics visual simulator to measure optical aberrations in hyperopic eyes. the study hypotheses are the: * ability to measure optical aberrations in hypermetropia. * knowledge of optical aberrations of the eye hyperopic. * to adapt therapeutic management in optical aberrations measured.

the procedure is guided by the custom made software and its graphical user interface. the interface has been designed to be user-friendly, being very similar to the software usually managed by the clinicians in their daily professional practice. the complete procedure in one patient takes less than 5 minutes and is completely non-invasive. the optical measurements only involve the use of low power infrared laser and the visual testing is as simple for the patients as watching television and making responses.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * hyperopic patients * to be able to understand an information and give a consent * affiliated to medical insurance exclusion criteria: * pregnant women or nursing mothers * ocular infection * keratitis * restless patients * ocular surgery 90 days before inclusion

Keywords: adaptive optics visual simulator wavefront aberrometer optical aberrations hyperopia