Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
central nervous processing of visual food stimuli in severely obese subjects

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: recent evidence has pointed to distinct alterations of brain functions in obese subjects some of which may even be causative for their obesity. the objective of this study was to examine food and non food related alterations in brain functions after excessive weight loss due to roux-en y gastric bypass surgery (rygb), one of the most successful therapeutic approaches for long lasting weight loss. the investigators hypothesized that obese as compared with lean women show an altered activation pattern in the brain areas involved in the homeostatic regulation of eating behavior, i.e. the hypothalamus, in reward-related brain areas, such as the orbital frontal cortex (ofc) and the striatum as well as in prefrontal inhibitory control areas. furthermore, the investigators hypothesized that women who had undergone a rygb operation show a brain activity pattern that more closely mimics that of lean than severely obese women. in a supplementary test the investigators will assess gastrointestinal and metabolic response to a standardized meal in order to elucidate putative correlation of these responses with the results of fmri scannings.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * women with bmi \> 35kg/m2 * women, who had undergone gastric bypass surgery at least one year ago * lean women exclusion criteria: * known psychiatric or neurological diseases * current medication with drug acting on the central nervous system * drugs that are known to affect eating behavior * contraindication for the fmri scanning, e.g. metal implants or metal containing tattoos

Keywords: severely obese roux-en y gastric bypass surgery (rygb) brain activity by fmri visual presentation of food and non-food-related pictures
impact of stress on brain energy metabolism

Conditions: Stress

Summary: background: stress plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. however, individual differences in the vulnerability to acute and repeated stress are not well understood. aim: this work aims to investigate individual differences in glucose metabolism and directional connectivity regulating the neuronal stress response. design: 68 healthy volunteers will undergo two simultaneous pet/mri measurements one week apart. participants will complete the montreal imaging stress test during each measurement and in-between. effects of stress on cognitive performance will be assessed using the n-back working memory task. individual cortisol levels will be acquired to identify stress (non)responders as well as (non)habituators. implications: this work will characterize differences between stress responders vs. non-responders and stress habituators vs. non-habituators in terms of energy metabolism and network connectivity. this individual difference in the stress response may represent an important cornerstone for future evaluation of patients with mental disorders.

methodological details: each participant will undergo two pet/mri scans. imaging will include functional pet and as well as structural and functional mri. stress-specific glucose metabolism will be quantified with the radioligand \[18f\]fdg. functional connectivity will be combined with glucose metabolism to assess directional connectivity.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18-40 years * right-handedness * willingness and competence to sign the informed consent form exclusion criteria: * history of or current physical, neurological or psychiatric disorder * history of or current substance abuse or medication, including antipsychotic, antidepressant and antianxiety agents * pregnancy of current breast-feeding * contraindications for mri-scanning (e.g., metal implants, steel grafts, etc.), including dental implants causing signal artifacts * for subjects participating in earlier studies using ionizing radiation, the total radiation exposure of 30 msv over the last 10 years must not be exceeded, as specified in the austrian legislation on radiation protection accordingly, body weight \> 105 kg is an exclusion criterion. * failure to comply with the study protocol or to follow the instructions of the investigating team.
measuring response to depression treatment

Conditions: Depression

Summary: the primary goal of this study is to compare a new symptoms rating questionnaire, called the vancouver semi-structured interview for depression (v-sid), to the traditionally used questionnaires. the investigators predict that the v-sid will be more sensitive to patients' improvement than are traditional questionnaires.

depression is sometimes associated with difficulties in thinking skills. recent evidence suggests that in those people who have thinking difficulties, effective treatment and improvement of depression can also result in improved thinking skills. therefore, a test of thinking skills is included in this study. this study will also evaluate three other potential indicators of treatment response: cortisol, cytokines, and grip strength.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * major depressive episode, diagnosed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (mini) * depression not currently effectively treated * age 19 to 65 years exclusion criteria: * co-morbid axis i disorders (co-morbid anxiety symptoms, including generalized anxiety or panic attacks, are not exclusionary if they are present in the context of a primary mood disorder)

Keywords: depression symptom scales symptom measures vancouver semi-structured interview for depression v-sid vsid treatment-as-usual treatment as usual open-label open label major depressive episode mde
correlation between body weight and foot progression angle in adolescents

Conditions: Obesity, Adolescent; Adolescent Development

Summary: obesity is associated with functional decline , altered spatiotemporal gait parameters (e.g. lower gait speed, shorter strides, and increased step width), and a significantly higher metabolic cost of walking compared to people with normal body weight. obesity also negatively affects balance control.this study will investigate foot progression angle in adolescents related to their weight and category classification based on the cdc (centers for disease control and prevention) growth charts.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all children have normal stature for age percentile according to cdc chart. * the sample will include both sex and will be divided in to 4 groups according to the cdc (centers for disease control and prevention) growth charts. * all children are normal \&perform all activities of daily living * they were able to understand and follow verbal commands and instructions included in the testing procedures. exclusion criteria: * all of them could be part of recreational activities in their public schools but no competitive sports. children who participated in any regular sport activities involving the lower extremities will be excluded. * none of them had any surgical intervention in the lower extremities. * none of them had any history of musculoskeletal deformities or neuromuscular disorders. * they had neither visual, auditory defect.
safety and efficacy of agn 203818 for pain associated with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis

Conditions: Cystitis, Interstitial

Summary: this study will explore the safety and effectiveness of different doses of agn 203818 in treating the pain associated with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis * moderate or severe bladder pain exclusion criteria: * any other uncontrolled disease * pregnant or nursing females
estimation of glomerular filtration flow in patients of resuscitation under extra-bodily assistance

Conditions: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Complication

Summary: the aim of the study will be to evaluate the quality of the gfr estimate of the two estimation equations (ckd-epi and cockcroft's formula) against the measured clearance of creatinine, which can be performed routinely in intensive care. to determine the proportion of patients with arc under ecmo vv or va and determine changes in renal vascular resistance index as a function of gfr level in patients with pulsatile cardiac output.

extracorporeal assistance is recommended for patients with a potentially reversible acute risk of life that does not respond to conventional treatments. hypoxic refractory syndromes, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, are referred to as veno-venous ecmo (for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) (ecmo vv), whereas terminal cardiac dysfunctions require veno-arterial ecmo (va ecmo). recovery of function (cardiotropic intoxication), or in the most severe cases, pending transplantation or long-term assistance. this is a qualified pilot study, as it is the first one interested in evaluating the quality of the gfr estimate of the two estimation equations (ckd-epi and cockcroft formula) by relative to the measured clearance of creatinine, a method that can be performed routinely in intensive care, for resuscitation patients under veno-arterial or veno-venous ecmo.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients over 18 * ecmo vv or va after 48 hours of installation * hemodynamic stability for at least 12 hours * person affiliated or benefiting from a social security scheme * having expressed an express consent or patient for whom a relative has given express consent exclusion criteria: * hemodynamic instability * chronic renal failure patients receiving dialysis * need for continuous or intermittent extra-renal cleansing * patients under the protection of justice * person participating in another search including an exclusion period still in progress * pregnant or lactating woman

Keywords: ecmo acute renal failure
the safety of thoracentesis, tunneled pleural catheter, and chest tubes in patients taking novel oral anti-coagulants

Conditions: Pleural Effusion; Thoracic Effusion

Summary: to assess risks of bleeding in those individuals receiving novel oral anti-coagulant (noac) medications, admitted to the hospital and require thoracentesis, chest tube or tunneled pleural catheter placement.

the research component of this study simply observes and documents the outcomes of these procedures. patients will undergo an analysis of their pre-procedural hematocrit and this will be compared to their post-procedural (next day) hematocrit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age \> 18 y/o 2. unilateral or bilateral pleural effusion 3. ability to provide consent or consent given for the procedure and research study exclusion criteria: adults who refuse to provide consent.
a cross-sectional study of the occurrence and effect of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension

Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Resistant Hypertension

Summary: this study aims to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (osa) in subjects with resistant hypertension and to evaluate the relationship between parameters of osa severity and blood pressure control

obstructive sleep apnea (osa) is characterized by intermittent upper airway collapse during sleep, which results in hypoxia, arousals and surge in sympathetic activity. there is robust evidence to support a contributing role of osa in hypertension (ht). the sleep heart health study (1), which recruited more than 6000 subjects having polysomnogram at home, found an independent association between osa and ht. the adjusted odds ratio was 1.37 for subjects with and apnea-hypopnea index \>= 30/hour compared to those without apnea. the wisconsin sleep cohort study , which provided prospective longitudinal follow-up for osa subjects over 4 years, have shown dose dependency of the severity of osa and the risk of development of ht. current available data suggests that in hypertensive patients with severe osa, there is a bp drop of about 10mmhg with cpap treatment (2-5). the blood pressure (bp) lowering effect of cpap treatment in the group with mild asymptomatic osa is less consolidated. the relationship between bp and risk of cardiovascular events is continuous, consistent, and independent of other risk factors. a strict blood pressure control is imperative in subjects with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment. resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above goal in spite of concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes. (6) resistant hypertension is defined in order to identify patients who are at risk of having secondary causes of hypertension, and who may benefit from specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. despite the fact that osa is listed as one of the causes of resistant ht (6), paucity of works has demonstrated the scale of problems of untreated osa in subjects with resistant ht. (7-9) there is so far one study demonstrating the beneficial effect of cpap treatment in subjects with resistant ht, though no randomization was implemented and the sample size was limited (n=11). (10) we aim at conducting a cross-sectional study to explore the situation which would guide further clinical trial.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≧ 3 anti-ht drugs * age 18-65 * mentally fit for signing an informed written consent exclusion criteria: * moderate renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate \<30 ml/min/m2 ) * endocrine/renal/cardiac causes of secondary ht * congestive heart failure and clinically fluid overloaded * on drugs that elevate bp e.g. alcohol, nsaid, steroid

Keywords: prevalence obstructive sleep apnea resistant hypertension
serum lactate in convulsive syncopes compared to non-convulsive syncopes

Conditions: Syncope; Lactate Blood Increase

Summary: the investigators compared the serum lactate, serum prolactin and serum creatine kinase concentrations following convulsive and non-convulsive syncopes. the aim of the study was to investigate their importance as diagnostic markers in transient loss of consciousness.

unclear transient loss of consciousness is a frequent interdisciplinary diagnostic problem. of particular importance is the distinction between epileptic and non-epileptic events. our group showed in two previous studies that serum lactate is elevated in epileptic seizures, but mostly not in syncopes, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and complex partial seizures. these results showed that lactate can be used as a diagnostic marker for the presence of a generalized epileptic seizure.it remains unclear whether a normal serum lactate value is also present in a convulsive syncope as the most important differential diagnosis to generalized epileptic seizures. so in the present prospective study, the serum lactate concentrations are compared following convulsive and non-convulsive syncopes. the examinations are carried out in cardiological patients who receive a tipping table examination with the aim of initiating a syncope. the question is whether there is hyperlactatemia following convulsive syncopes. if no elevated serum lactate values were measured after convulsive syncopes, this would additionally indicate the great benefit of the serum lactate value as a diagnostic marker in the generalized epileptic seizure. in addition, a comparison is made with the parameters creatine kinase, prolactin, ph-value, bicarbonate, sodium and potassium. if increased serum lactate values are measured following a syncope further venous blood controls are carried out at intervals of 20 minutes within the first hour and then after 90 minutes and 120 minutes until normalization.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with convulsive or non-convulsive syncopes * 18 years or older exclusion criteria: * prisoner * age \< 18 years old * lack of capacity for consent

Keywords: lactate syncope
canola oil, fibre and dha enhanced clinical trial

Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome

Summary: the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of consumption of a novel food supplement consisting of canola oil, fibre and dha, containing the most effective food bioactives, including n-3 fatty acid enriched dietary oil high in monounsaturated fatty acids (mufas) and soluble dietary fibre, aiming at the management of heart disease risk factors in people with metabolic syndrome and to test its efficacy and safety in humans.

the proposed study is a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial, it will be conducted at the richardson centre for functional food and nutraceuticals (rcffn), university of manitoba. the study design will consist of 4 phases with 30 days per phase, each phase will be separated by 4-week washout periods. participants will consume a recommended weight-maintaining diet (35% energy from fat, 50% carbohydrate, 15% protein) supplemented with the following novel muffin and cookies: (a) control food containing butter, sunflower and safflower oil comprised largely of saturated fat with substantial levels of n-6 linoleic acid, and refined wheat flour common to current north american intakes, (b) food containing high oleic canola oil and docosahexaenoic acid (hoco-dha) and refined wheat flour, (c) food containing high molecular weight barley b-glucan and a combination of sunflower, safflower oil and butter, (d) food containing combination of hoco-dha and high molecular weight barley β-glucan. treatments will be isocalorically incorporated into muffin and cookies consumed in equal parts at breakfast and supper.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * bmi≥25 kg/m2 * waist circumference ≥94 cm (males) or ≥80 cm (females) meet at least two of the following: * triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/l * high density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol \<1 mmol/l (males) or \<1.3 mmol/l (females) * low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol ≥2.7 mmol/l * fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l exclusion criteria: * consuming lipid lowering medications * consuming nutritional supplements * disease or disorder that could interfere with absorption * smokers * hypertension ≥150 mmhg (systolic) and/or ≥100 mmhg (diastolic) * planning to become pregnant * consume \>1 alcoholic drink/day * medication within a month prior to screening

Keywords: metabolic syndrome cardiovascular disease high oleic canola oil dha β-glucan barley cholesterol lipoproteins lipids inflammation glucose insulin satiety body composition blood pressure
confocal laser endomicroscopy in pleural malignancies

Conditions: Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma; Thymoma; Pleural Diseases

Summary: to date, the different biopsy methods, such as ct-guided pleural biopsy, mediastinal biopsy, endosonography and thoracoscopy have their limitations in diagnosing pleural malignancies, such as mesothelioma. sampling errors frequently occur resulting in the common histological finding of 'non-specific pleuritic/fibrosis', which presents a great uncertainty for clinicians and patients. confocal laser endomicroscopy (cle) provides real-time imaging on a cellular level, however data of cle in pleural malignancies are lacking.

novel optical imaging techniques such as confocal laser endomicroscopy (cle) have emerged in recent years as techniques that actually enable in vivo real-time microscopic analysis of malignancies of the gi-tract and lung cancer. through recent advances the probe became small enough to fit through a biopsy needle and can be used during ct-guided and endosonographic guided biopsies (eus-fna). patients with intra-thoracic malignancies often require invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration or surgical exploration to obtain a diagnosis. intra thoracic malignancies encompass lung cancers, thymomas and malignant pleural mesothelioma. these tumors often present with pleural thickening, unilateral pleural effusion, mediastinal enlargement or a peripheral located mass in the lungs. tissue collection of the suspected pleural thickening is required to assess a diagnosis and differentiate between the tumor types, to classify and to stage in a proper manner. to date, the different biopsy methods, such as ct-guided pleural biopsy, mediastinal biopsy, endosonography and thoracoscopy have their limitations in diagnosing these malignancies. sampling errors frequently occur resulting in the common histological finding of 'non-specific pleuritic/fibrosis', which presents a great uncertainty for clinicians and patients. novel microscopic imaging techniques such as cle are capable of real time imaging on a cellular level. data of cle in intra-thoracic malignancies are lacking.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥18 years of age * supected intra-thoracic malignancies with pleural involvement and referred for a diagnostic procedure by thoracoscopy, ct guided biopsy or endosonography exclusion criteria: * inability and willingness to provide informed consent * patients with known allergy for fluorescein or risk factors for an allergic reaction * pregnancy or lactating women

Keywords: confocal laser endomicroscopy
yoga effects on heart rate variability and electroencephalography

Conditions: Health Behavior; Quality of Life

Summary: since yoga breathing exercises are traditionally used to tranquilize the mind, and have a well-known positive effect on the cardiovascular system, it is our hypothesis that a respiratory yoga exercise named bhastrika pranayama may have positive effects on heart rate variability, electroencephalography, quality of life and salivary cortisol (stress hormone).

the effects of yoga interventions on heart rate variability have been previously shown in our laboratory, having its efficacy in improving autonomic heart modulation of hypertensives and elderly subjets proven. however, there is a lack of data addressing the effects of such interventions on eeg patterns of health fit male subjects, as well as there are no study investigating if there is a relationship between heart autonomic modulation changes and eeg patterns. thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 1 month respiratory yoga training on heart rate variability, eeg, salivary cortisol and quality of life of health fit male subjets.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * young adults; * physically fit (engaged in physical activity at least 2-3 times a week); * non athletes; * possibility to follow protocol agenda. exclusion criteria: * epileptic events in previous 5 years; * chronic allergic rhinitis, with airway occlusion; * oral bronchodilator usage; * beta blocker user; * any diagnosed cardiac rhythm alteration at rest; * cerebral dysrhythmia; * previous training in respiratory yoga exercises.

Keywords: yoga electroencephalography heart rate variability breathing exercises quality of life