Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
acute and chronic nicotine modulation of reinforcement learning

Conditions: Nicotine Addiction

Summary: the purpose of this study is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) to investigate the acute and chronic effects of nicotine on motivational behavior and prediction error-related neural activation. nonsmokers (n = 24) and smokers (n = 24) will undergo fmri scans on two separate occasions while performing a decision-making task that will elicit prediction error signals in the mesocorticolimbic pathway of the brain. nonsmokers will be scanned once following an acute dose of nicotine and once following placebo administration. smokers will be scanned once following smoking as usual and once following 24-hours of smoking abstinence, in order to measure the effects of nicotine withdrawal. the study team hypothesizes that acute nicotine will increase the prediction error signal in nonsmokers compared to placebo, and that nicotine withdrawal will decrease the prediction error signal in smokers compared to the normal satiated condition. furthermore, nonsmokers (during the placebo condition) will have greater prediction error activation than smokers (during the satiated condition). the results of this study will inform whether the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior could be facilitated by the effects of nicotine on reinforcement learning.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: inclusion criteria for all subjects: 1. generally healthy 2. between the ages of 18-55 3. right-handed inclusion criteria for nonsmokers: 1. smoked \< 50 cigarettes of a brand delivering ≥ 0.5 mg nicotine (ftc method) 2. have not smoked in ≥ 6 months 3. afternoon expired co concentration ≤ 5 ppm and/or morning urinary nicalert \< 100 ng/ml inclusion criteria for smokers 1. smoke ≥ 10 cigarettes/day of a brand delivering ≥ 0.5 mg nicotine (ftc method) 2. smoked ≥ 2 years 3. afternoon expired co concentrations ≥ 10 ppm and/or morning urinary nicalert \> 100 ng/ml exclusion criteria: 1. inability to attend all required experimental sessions 2. significant health problems (e.g., current and uncontrolled liver, lung, or heart problems, current or past seizure disorder, serious head trauma) 3. lifetime diagnosis of axis i psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia) 4. meet dsm-v criteria for past or current substance dependence other than nicotine 5. use of psychoactive medications as indicated by self-report 6. use of smokeless tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy, or desire to change smoking behavior while in the study 7. positive urine drug screen for illicit drugs or positive breath alcohol concentration 8. presence of conditions that would make mri unsafe 9. having vision that cannot be corrected to 20/40 10. among women, nursing or a positive pregnancy test 11. inability to achieve learning criteria in training session

Keywords: nicotine smoking cigarettes reinforcement learning fmri
azento iis 3 year outcomes implant study

Conditions: Tooth Loss

Summary: the revised purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the stability of the implant body, survival rate, bone-level changes, and the implant's soft-tissue outcomes over a period of 1 year. only 1 tooth is studied per participant. in july of 2024, the revised protocol and revised statistical analysis plan were amended post-hoc, and the revised protocol and statistical analysis plan were approved by the irb review committee in july of 2024. as a result, the study has been terminated due to a change in the study's data analysis, and so the study will only analyze data up to and including the 1-year point.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects may identify as either male, female, or intersex * age: 18 years or older * subjects with a healed, single-rooted tooth (except mandibular incisors) that has previously undergone arp-sg with particulate allograft material within the past 2 months. * subjects must have stable occlusion, with absence of caries or other known acute pathology (i.e., untreated endodontic lesion, periodontal abscess, external/internal resorption, etc.) on teeth proximal to the implant site that would negatively influence implant outcomes * must be in adequate physical and mental health to undergo routine dental treatment including the surgical procedures associated tooth extraction and implant placement * subjects' treatment plan must include replacement of the tooth to be extracted with dental implant supported fixed restoration * subjects must have read, understood and signed an informed consent form * subjects must be willing to return for the required number of visits * subjects' tooth must be a permanent tooth, not a primary tooth (also known as baby tooth). exclusion criteria: * mandibular incisors * acute infection associated with the tooth to be extracted or with adjacent teeth * unstable occlusion, presence of caries or other acute pathology on teeth adjacent to the implant site * history of significant heart, stomach, liver, kidney, blood, immune system disease, or other organ impairment or systemic diseases that would prevent undergoing the proposed treatment or may result in compromised healing (e.g. poorly controlled diabetes, active heavy tobacco use \[\>10 cigs/day\]), history of head/neck radiation, history of chemotherapy within the last 5 years * subjects with uncontrolled and/or severe metabolic bone diseases or disorders, such as osteoporosis, thyroid disorders or paget's disease * subjects taking any medication or supplement known to largely influence bone metabolism, such as iv bisphosphonates, long-term history of oral bisphosphonates or chronic intake of glucocorticoids * pregnant women or nursing mothers * subjects that are unwilling or unable to sign the informed consent * history of lack of compliance with dental visits * subjects unwilling to return for the required number of visits * subject currently undergoing orthodontic treatment

Keywords: alveolar bone alveolar ridge bone grafting bone resorption dental implant
translating echos2 into an mhealth platform

Conditions: Childhood Cancer; Cardiac Toxicity; Pediatric Cancer

Summary: childhood cancer survivors are at an increased risk of cardiac toxicity due to prior anti-cancer therapy. however, adherence to cardiac screening in this population remains low. this study aims to assess the feasibility of an mhealth motivational interviewing platform called computerized authoring intervention software (cias) in childhood cancer survivors. participants will be recruited from the childhood cancer survivorship study.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years of age or older * diagnosed with cancer at age 17 or younger * 2 or more years after completion of cancer therapy * receipt of cardiotoxic therapy (any dose of anthracycline or 15 gy chest radiation involving cardiac structures) * no history of cardiomyopathy * have not received an echocardiogram in the past 5 years

Keywords: anthracyclines cardiotoxic therapy chest radiation mhealth childhood cancer survivor motivational interviewing
the effects of equal breathing on pain pressure thresholds

Conditions: Chronic Low Back Pain

Summary: recent research has found that there is moderate evidence for the use of breathing exercises for treating chronic, non-specific low back pain. researchers have found that there were significant improvements in pain and quality of life in those suffering with low back pain who completed a breathing program intervention. researchers also found that healthy individuals had higher pain thresholds and tolerance following deep and slow breathing exercises. there are numerous formats of breathing interventions, some interventions that have been used with individuals with chronic, non-specific low back pain include: deep breathing, yoga breathing, resisted inspiration, and breathe holding. there is moderate evidence to suggest the use of these interventions for managing chronic low back pain another common breathing format is equal-ratio breathing. this format requires an individual to inhale and exhale with the same duration while gradually increasing the duration of both. this breathing format can be easier for patients to perform given the simplicity of the equal inhalation to exhalation ratio. this research is being done because equal-ratio breathing has yet to be studied in individuals with chronic low back pain.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged ≥ 18 * chronic low back pain * ohip patient exclusion criteria: * peripheral pain * peripheral neuropathy * chronic regional pain syndrome * alpha and beta blocker medication use * patient does not wish to participate * completed or participated in a psychoeducational program at the clinic
il-11 in women with von willebrand disease and refractory menorrhagia

Conditions: Von Willebrand Disease

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of rhil-11, when given subcutaneously for six consecutive months, in reducing menstrual blood loss in women with type 1 von willebrand disease and refractory menorrhagia. efficacy will be measured by subjective bleeding severity scale and pictorial bleeding chart. safety will be measured by the frequency of adverse events, including fever, headache, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, fluid retention, or edema.

this study is a prospective, single-center phase ii trial of neumega (rhil-11) in women with type 1 vwd and menorrhagia refractory to estrogen, hormones, or hemostatic agents. it is anticipated that 10 subjects who meet eligibility criteria will enroll and complete this study. all aspects of this study, including the rhil-11 injections and the screening, hemostatic and safety monitoring, and coagulation testing, are considered experimental. the specific objectives are to determine the efficacy and safety of rhil-11 in reducing menstrual blood loss in adult women with type 1 vwd during six consecutive menstrual cycles, and to determine the mechanism of the hemostatic response of rhil-11.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * females 18-45 years of age * confirmed type 1 vwd, as defined by low vwf:rcof or low vwf:ag and qualitatively normal vwf multimers * menorrhagia refractory to estrogens, hormones, hemostatic agents * willingness to have blood drawn exclusion criteria: * use of immunomodulatory or experimental drugs, or diuretics * pregnant or lactating women or those unwilling to use contraception during study * previous cardiac disease, congestive failure, arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter), hypertension, mi, stroke, or thrombosis * past allergic reaction to neumega or ddavp * surgery within the past 8 weeks * inability to comply with study protocol requirements * concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, dextran, aspirin or nsaids * treatment with ddavp, cryoprecipitate, whole blood, plasma and plasma derivatives containing substantial quantities of fviii and/or vwf within five days of study

Keywords: il-11 von willebrand disease von willebrand factor vwfmrna menorrhagia
stop hcc: mailed hcv treatment outreach program for hcc prevention

Conditions: Hepatitis C; HepatoCellular Carcinoma

Summary: aim 1: the investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing two strategies to promote hcv screening, follow-up testing, and treatment among baby-boomers (i.e. persons born between 1945-1965): inreach with electronic medical record alerts and provider education vs. combination of inreach and provider education plus mailed outreach and patient navigation. aim 2: the investigators will evaluate patient navigation strategies to promote follow-up testing and treatment evaluation among non-baby boomer parkland patients (i.e. born before 1945 or after 1965) who are either: a) hcv antibody positive but have not completed follow-up viral load testing or b) hcv viral load positive and who have not completed in-clinic treatment evaluation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * born between 1945 and 1965 * ≥ 1 outpatient visit during 12 months prior to randomization at parkland * no prior hcv screening (prior hcv antibody, viral load, or genotype). * any active medical coverage * speaks spanish or english exclusion criteria: * a life expectancy less than one year including end stage chf, end stage copd, metastatic cancer, and those who received a palliative care or hospice referral in the past year * history of hcc. * non-english or spanish speakers * no address or phone number on file
de-escalated radiation for human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx

Conditions: HPV Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Summary: this is a single-arm, observational registry study determining the effects of reduced radiation dose in select patients with human papillomavirus (hpv) positive oropharyngeal cancer.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven (from primary lesion and/or lymph nodes) diagnosis of human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. hpv-positivity will be defined as tumors that are p16-positive by immunohistochemistry. numerous studies have demonstrated near 100% agreement between p16 and hpv for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. as such, the use of p16 has been accepted as an appropriate surrogate for hpv status. * clinical stage i, ii, or iii disease (ajcc eighth edition); note: patients with m1 tumors (distant metastases) are not eligible; * history/physical examination within 6 weeks prior to registration, including assessment of weight and recent weight loss; * age ≥ 18; * pet/ct within 6 weeks prior to registration; * patients must sign a study-specific informed consent form prior to study entry. * both men and women and members of all races and ethnic groups are eligible for this trial. non-english speaking, deaf, hard of hearing and illiterate individuals are eligible for this trial. exclusion criteria: * prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 3 years; * patients who have had initial surgical treatment other than the diagnostic biopsy of the primary site or nodal sampling of the neck disease are excluded; * prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; * receipt of prior radiotherapy that would result in overlap with proposed field.
effectiveness and tolerability of zavegepant for acute migraine treatment among those using cgrp targeting preventive medications

Conditions: Migraine

Summary: zavegepant (zavzpret) is approved for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in the us. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of zavegepant for the acute treatment of migraine attacks amongst participants who are using calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) migraine preventive treatments.

this is a phase iv, open-label, prospective, longitudinal clinical trial of intranasal zavegepant 10 mg, a cgrp receptor antagonist, for the acute treatment of migraine attacks amongst individuals who are concomitantly taking stable doses of cgrp targeting migraine preventive treatment (atogepant, eptinezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, rimegepant). the effectiveness and tolerability of zavegepant will be assessed in this specific participant population. participants who are not already taking a cgrp-targeting migraine preventive treatment but who meet criteria for migraine prevention according to their clinician's discretion, will have the option to start rimegepant 75 mg every other day (qod) for two months. after two months, continued eligibility for participation in the clinical trial of zavegepant will be assessed. those receiving rimegepant for migraine prevention through their participation in this study will have the option to receive rimegepant for up to 32 consecutive weeks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * meets international classification of headache disorders 3 (ichd-3) diagnostic criteria for migraine with or without aura * at least 18 years of age * 2- 8 migraine attacks per month * participants should be on a calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)-targeting preventive migraine medication on a stable dose for a) ≥2 months prior to zavegepant treatment if an oral gepant or a monoclonal antibody (mab) injected monthly, or b) at least two treatments if a mab injected each 3 months. * atogepant * eptinezumab * erenumab * fremanezumab * galcanezumab * rimegepant exclusion criteria * primary headache disorders other than migraine (tension-type headache days are allowed) * history of hypersensitivity reaction to zavegepant or to any of the components of zavegepant eligibility notes * participants may have either episodic or chronic migraine. * prior use of zavegepant and other gepants is permitted. * participants can be using migraine preventive medications/treatments in addition to the cgrp-targeting preventive treatment, as long as those treatments have been stable for at least two months at the time of enrollment. additional eligibility criteria for participants to start on rimegepant for migraine prevention inclusion criteria: • must have 4 or more migraine days per month, on average, during the 2 months prior to the screening visit, according to participant self-report. exclusion criteria • history of hypersensitivity reaction to rimegepant or to any of the components of rimegepant.
effect of supervised in comparison to non-supervised multicomponent exercise training on balance and quality of life in peripheral diabetic neuropathy

Conditions: Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy

Summary: this study is a randomized control trial and the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of supervised in comparison to non-supervised multicomponent exercise training on balance and quality of life in peripheral diabetic neuropathy

effect of exercises to assess the benefits on strength endurance, balance and mobility. peripheral neuropathy aged 55-70 will be recruited in the study. the participants would be assessed through whoqol bref, berg balance scale, time up and go test . informed consent will be taken after which the participants will be recruited into the two groups, where one group will receive supervised exercise intervention while other group will receive non supervised exercise intervention

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 55-70 years (both male and female) * diagnosed patients of diabetes type 2, 10 years after disease * completely assessed with michigan neuropathy screening instrument (mnsi) score scale and patients fulfilling this criterion will be included in this study * patients who are fulfilling parq will be included in study exclusion criteria: * hypoglycemia * patient having ischemic heart diseases will not be included * unable to walk independent * major orthopedic problems (e.g. lower limb fractures) * diagnosed neurological and psychological patients

Keywords: endurance multicomponent exercise training diabetes mellitus peripheral diabetic neuropathy
the use of non-icg-enhanced lymphatic vessels for lva

Conditions: Lymphedema

Summary: the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of non-icg(+) lvs on the outcomes after lva compared to icg(+) lvs with propensity-score-match analysis.

it is a common belief among lymphatic supermicrosurgeons that lva should only be performed with indocyanine green-enhanced (icg(+)) lvs since such lvs are considered functional and are suitable for achieving better outcomes. however, in moderate to advance lymphedema patients, the use of non-icg(+) lvs are inevitable despite efforts to identified icg(+) lvs with icg lymphography10, magnetic resonance (mr) lymphangiography11, or ultrasound12. in a previous study, it was suggested that a non-icg(+) but flow-positive lv should also be considered functional because the functionality of an lv should be determined by its capability to transport lymph instead of icg(+) lymph. therefore, non- icg(+) but flow-positive lvs should also be used for lva to maximize the outcome13. this hypothesis was further supported by a recent article emphasizing the concept of a lymphatic-based lymphosome14, where it has been demonstrated that a functional lv will not become icg(+) when icg is not injected in the region being drained by this particular lv. it offers an explanation as to why a supposedly functional lv is not enhanced by icg.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients diagnosed with lymphatic-related diseases at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital from september 2015 to march 2023. * patients who underwent lva for unilateral lower-limb lymphedema. exclusion criteria: * primary lymphedema * bilateral lower limb lymphedema * history of previous treatment for lymphedema (lva, vascularized lymph node transfer (vlnt), liposuction, or excisional therapy such as the charles procedure) - those that were lost to follow-up.

Keywords: propensity score matching lva supermicrosurgery lymphaticovenous anastomosis lymphovenous bypass
egg cholesterol consumption, blood cholesterol and skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Conditions: Sarcopenia; Cardiovascular Disease

Summary: the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of dietary cholesterol administered as whole egg or egg white (control)on muscle mass gain with resistance training in a young old population of men and women (age 50-69). it is hypothesized that dietary cholesterol will be significantly associated to muscle mass gain.

the primary objective of this proposal is to have 36 men and women (age 50-69) perform 12 weeks of resistance exercise training for the purpose of inducing skeletal muscle hypertrophy. these individuals will consume either 0, 1, or 3 whole eggs per day in a double-blind design to test the hypothesis that dietary cholesterol is essential for skeletal muscle hypertrophy. if so proven, this will confirm a very strong association between dietary cholesterol and hypertrophy observed in a previous study of 51 men and women (age 60-69). the current proposal is using a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled design to provide the most conclusive evidence that dietary cholesterol plays an essential role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. the secondary objective of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that increased dietary cholesterol consumption in the context of an exercise program does not alter blood cholesterol concentrations or other cardiovascular risk factors.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * men and women aged 50-69 * able to perform exercise testing and training exclusion criteria: * blood pressure \> 160/100 * cardiac arrhythmias * cancer * hernia * aortic aneurysm * kidney disease * lung disease * total cholesterol \> 240 mg/dl or \< 160 mg/dl * current use of cholesterol lowering medications * actively participating in \>1 hour per week of resistance training

Keywords: sarcopenia resistance training strength training skeletal muscle elderly cholesterol aging cardiovascular disease nutrition inflammation lipids