Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
tropism and pathogenesis of influenza virus and coronavirus in human brain explant culture

Conditions: Influenza Virus; Coronavirus

Summary: background: influenza and coronavirus have been repeatedly causing pandemic recently. like the influenza a/h7n9 virus has caused five epidemics in china since its first detection in east china in 2013. in 2017, the previously low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h7n9 virus underwent mutation in its haemagglutinin to give to a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus causing 32 human cases and potentially poses a threat to animal and human health. more recently, the sars-cov-2 pandemic has been heavily affecting the world. therefore an effective risk assessment platform is urgently required for better pandemic preparation. hypothesis: the tissue tropism and pathogenesis of a newly emerged infectious viruses, like the highlypathogenic influenza, like h7n9 and coronavirus, like sars-cov-2 would be different from that of their low pathogenic subtype and it would infect and replicate the human respiratory system more efficiently. because of its resistance to oseltamivir for influenza and no effective antiviral for coronavirus, investigators therefore propose to set up an novel and effective risk assessment platform for emerging infectious viruses. experimental design: the tissue tropism and viral replication kinetics of a hpai and lp influenza and coronavirus will be determined in ex vivo cultures of human brain and compared with their lp subtype. the replication competence and innate immune responses of influenza and coronavirus will be studied and compared with other lp virus in in vitro cultures of human brain cells and human microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec) both isolated from human brain tissues. expected outcomes: hpai influenza and coronavirus particularly sars-cov-2 will infect and replicate the human brain tissues and cells more efficiently than their lp subtype. besides, hpai influenza and sars-cov-2 will induce dysregulated host innate immune response than the lp subtype.

in this study, 80 subjects who will undergoing elective or emergency craniotomies for intrinsic brain lesions at prince of wales hospital, will be recruited. this is a prospective and qualitative study. there is no randomization in the study procedure nor therapeutic invention for study subjects. no investigational product is involved. brain tissues that are normal discarded during the operation from patients who undergo elective or emergency craniotomies for intrinsic brain lesions will be collected for this study. a consent for operation and agreement to use of removed tissue for scientific research will be obtained prior to the procedure.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age: \> 1 year old and \< 70 years old 2. undergo elective or emergency craniotomies for intrinsic brain lesions exclusion criteria: a. samples containing infected material
impact of art therapy on self-reported pain and anxiety scores of patients waiting to be seen in the emergency department

Conditions: Anxiety; Pain

Summary: the objective of this research is to assess the effects of engaging in coloring activities on patients' self-reported pain and anxiety scores while they wait to be seen by a physician in an emergency department (ed). the current literature on patient visits in the ed highlights the significance of anxiety, stress, and frustration in patient experiences, especially when accounting for long wait times before the physician-patient encounter. the study will address this common problem by looking at the potential impact of nature-themed or geometric shape coloring activities on the ed patient experience as it relates to self-reported anxiety and pain scores. given that long wait times are increasingly being reported across the country, this study may offer a possible meaningful low-budget, low-resource intervention which could be offered to patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * triage pain score \> 3 * age \>18 * able to provide informed consent * english-speaking * without concern for aggressive behavior * glasgow coma scale (gcs) of 15 * hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety (hads-a) score \> 6 exclusion criteria: * concern for aggression risk, including active concern for suicidal or homicidal ideations * glasgow coma scale (gcs) \<15 * triage acuity requiring critical care evaluation
a comparison of three anti-hiv drug combinations in hiv-infected patients

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the purpose of this study is to look at the effects of different anti-hiv drug combinations on body fat changes in hiv-positive patients who have never received anti-hiv therapy before.

patients are randomized to receive stavudine plus lamivudine plus nelfinavir, combivir (zidovudine plus lamivudine) plus nelfinavir, or combivir plus abacavir. patients are stratified into 2 groups based on their screening plasma hiv-1 rna: (1) greater than 1,000 up to 100,000 copies/ml or (2) greater than 100,000 up to 200,000 copies/ml. measurements and evaluations for assessment of body fat composition, virologic and immunologic outcomes, markers of alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and safety are performed at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 16, 24, and every 12 weeks thereafter until week 96 or withdrawal. in addition, health-related quality of life and health care resource utilization data are collected at specified treatment visits.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria patients may be eligible for this study if they: * are at least 18 years old. * are hiv-positive. * have a cd4 count greater than 50 cells/mm3. * have a viral load greater than 1,000 copies/ml but less than 200,000 copies/ml. * have never received anti-hiv medications before. (however, less than 1 week of therapy with lamivudine or a protease inhibitor and less than 4 weeks of therapy with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors \[nrtis\] is allowed. no therapy with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors \[nnrtis\] is allowed.) * cannot bear children or agree to use effective methods of birth control during the study. hormonal methods of birth control (such as birth control pills) are not considered effective for this study. exclusion criteria patients will not be eligible for this study if they: * have an active aids-defining opportunistic infection or disease that, in the doctor's opinion, would make them unable to participate. * are unable, in the opinion of the doctor, to follow the dosing schedule and follow-up visit schedule. * have a substance abuse problem that would interfere with taking the medications correctly or attending the clinic visits. * are enrolled in another study. * cannot take medications by mouth or absorb drugs. * have hepatitis. * have a serious medical condition such as diabetes, congestive heart failure, or other heart disease. * need chemotherapy or radiation therapy (except for local treatment of kaposi's sarcoma). * are taking certain medications. * are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Keywords: drug therapy, combination zidovudine stavudine hiv protease inhibitors lamivudine nelfinavir reverse transcriptase inhibitors anti-hiv agents adipose tissue lipodystrophy abacavir
mesa rail™ ais study - preservation of curve correction

Conditions: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Summary: to evaluate the restoration and maintenance of thoracic kyphosis and coronal curve correction demonstrated through the surgical implantation of the k2m mesa rail™ deformity system as compared to literature reported outcomes for standard cobalt chrome (cocr) rod systems in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais).

patients treated with the ø5.5mm or ø4.5mm mesa rail™ deformity system that had: diagnosis of ais requiring surgical treatment for selective non-cervical fusion with a minimum of five (5) instrumented vertebrae between t1-s1 as confirmed by patient history and radiographic studies. ais cases must be classified as a lenke type 1 or type 2 curve (lumbar modifiers and thoracic sagittal profiles will be noted but not restrictive). age at time of surgery of ≥ 11 years old and ≤ 21 years old.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of ais requiring surgical treatment for selective thoracic/lumbar fusion with a minimum of five (5) instrumented vertebrae between t1-s1 as confirmed by patient history and radiographic studies. ais cases must be classified as a lenke type 1 or type 2 curve. no cervical vertebrae are to be incorporated into the construct. * willingness and ability to comply with the requirements of the protocol including follow-up requirements. * willing and able to sign a study specific informed consent form or, in the case of a patient who is a minor, provide assent and the minor patient's parent/legal guardian provides written consent to participate. * age range of ≥ 11 years old and ≤ 21 years old at time of surgery. exclusion criteria: * previous anterior or posterior spine surgery at the index levels. * previous posterior spine surgery (e.g., posterior element decompression) that destabilizes the cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine. * active systemic infection or infection at the operative site. * co-morbid medical conditions of the spine or upper/lower extremities that may affect the thoracic or lumbar spine neurological and/or pain assessment. * metabolic bone disease such as osteoporosis that contradicts spinal surgery. * history of an osteoporotic fracture. * history of an endocrine or metabolic disorder (e.g., paget's disease) known to affect bone and mineral metabolism. * taking medications that may interfere with bony/soft tissue healing including chronic steroid use. * known allergy to titanium or cobalt chrome. * rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune disease or a systemic disorder such as hiv, active hepatitis b or c or fibromyalgia. * insulin-dependent type 1 or type 2 diabetes. * medical condition (e.g., unstable cardiac disease, cancer) that may result in patient death or have an effect on outcomes prior to study completion. * pregnant, or intend to become pregnant, during the course of the study. * severe obesity (body mass index \> 40).

Keywords: scoliosis spinal curvatures spinal diseases adolescent idiopathic scoliosis spinal deformity
goal directed therapy for acute kidney injury in critical ill patients

Conditions: Acute Kidney Injury

Summary: acute kidney injury (aki) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu) and it is associated with increased morbimortality. there is evidence that perioperative hemodynamic optimization decreases the incidence of aki in the post operative phase in high-risk patients. we aimed to evaluate if the use of a goal-directed therapy to increase oxygen delivery in the early phase of acute kidney injury can decrease the prevalence of patients with acute renal failure.

randomized, controlled, multicenter study.the intervention group was monitored with flo trac/vigileo and optimized with fluid challenges, dobutamine and blood transfusion, if necessary, to maintain a ido² ≥600ml/min/m² during 8h. the control group was treated according to the discretion of the attending physician.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients admitted in the intensive care unit with acute kidney injury (aki) classified as akin 1 (increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl and/or urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/h over 6 hours) for less than 12 hours. exclusion criteria: * icu length of stay \>10 days, nefrectomy, chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, baseline creatinine ≥4 mg/dl, life expectance ≤ than 1 month, pregnancy, severe arrhythmia, severe heart failure (≤ iii, nyha), acute myocardial infarction (ami)

Keywords: goal directed therapy acute kidney injury
risk factors and machine learning model for beta-lactam drugs related acute kidney injury

Conditions: Acute Kidney Injury; Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Toxicity (Diagnosis)

Summary: acute kidney injury (aki), also known as acute kidney failure (arf), is a common and complex kidney disease in clinic and an important factor related to poor prognosis of patients in clinic. in the present study, a single-center retrospective study was conducted in our center. the clinical data of hospitalized patients received β-lactam drugs from january 2018 to december 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. the multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that complicated with hypertension, anemia, pneumonia, shock, sepsis, heart failure, combined use of proton pump inhibitors (ppi), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (acei), angiotensin ⅱ receptor antagonist (arb) were independent risk factors for aki related to β-lactam drugs. in clinical practice, patients with acute kidney injury risk factors should be closely monitored for changes in their blood creatinine and urine output to avoid acute kidney injury. for patients who have suffered from acute kidney injury, the cause should be removed in time and corresponding symptomatic treatment should be given.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all inpatients who used β-lactam drugs during hospitalization * hospital stay ≥ 48h * age ≥18 years * there are two or more blood creatinine tests during hospitalization exclusion criteria: * hospital stay \< 48h * age \<18 years * glomerular filtration rate (gfr)\< 30ml/min/1.73m2 within 48 hours after admission * aki was diagnosed on admission * less than two scr test results during hospitalization * the scr values were always lower than 40 μmol/l during hospitalization * cases with incomplete medical history information

Keywords: beta-lactam drugs acute kidney injury pharmacoepidemiology miss diagnosis risk factors logic regression
the incidence and the association between motor subtypes and outcome of delirium in ischemic stroke patients

Conditions: Delirium; Cerebral Infarction

Summary: this study examines the incidence of newly developed delirium in patients who admit to university hospital stroke unit for cerebral infarction, and analyze the association between delirium motor subtypes and short-term outcome in post-stroke delirium patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all cerebral infarction patients who admit to stroke unit chungnam national university hospital. exclusion criteria: * any patients who refuse to enroll the study. * any patients who admit to intensive care unit(icu), because icu is well-known for precipitating delirium.
post-operative delirium (pod) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery

Conditions: Delirium; Cognitive Dysfunction

Summary: the primary endpoint of the study is the appearance of post operative delirium within the first 3 months. the secondary endpoints are the development of pocd, dementia of any type of new onset at 12 months, mortality at 30 days, postoperative hospitalization time (including rehabilitation performed within the polyclinic).. the analysis of the risk factors of pod and their correlation with the development of pocd/dementia in the post-surgery period will provide important information for the optimization of the management path of these patients at an individual level , with inevitable repercussions on the possibility of reintegration into social and family life


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 65 * clinical - radiological presence of hip fracture exclusion criteria: * age \<65
the detection of small early liver cancer with natural history follow up

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Summary: the selina study will recruit 200 patients with cirrhosis and small hcc and 50 patients with hcc but without cirrhosis (most of whom are expected to have fld). blood, urine and liver tissue samples (where available) will be collected for laboratory analysis. in a subgroup of patients (n=80, around 64 patients with hcc with liver cirrhosis and around 16 patients with hcc without liver cirrhosis), additional magnetic resonance liver imaging will be performed. the findings of the selina study aim to identify biomarkers that can be used to detect liver cancer at the earliest possible time, something we expect will increase the survival rate of hcc.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study. 2. male or female aged 18 years or above. 3. diagnosed with small hcc (barcelona clinic liver cancer staging criteria (bclc) stage 0/a; 1-3 nodules \<3cm, preserved liver function, performance status 0) with liver cirrhosis from any aetiology 4. diagnosed with small hcc (as above) and without cirrhosis 5. diagnosis of small hcc shown or confirmed within 3 months of study visit 1 6. patients with a diagnosis of hcc that was fully ablated or resected more than 6 months ago and now presenting with a new diagnosis of hcc in a different site in the liver may be included in the study 7. histological confirmation is required to establish the diagnosis of hcc in patients without cirrhosis (imaging alone is not considered sufficient to establish the diagnosis of hcc). exclusion criteria: 1. patients judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for inclusion in the study (e.g. where the investigator feels that the participant will not be able to comply with the study procedures) 2. hcc with liver cirrhosis at bclc stage b/c 3. patients who have had a previous liver transplant (note, it is permitted to enrol patients on the liver transplant waiting list if they fulfil all inclusion/exclusion criteria) 4. participants of the pearl study 5. patients who have had a previous diagnosis of hcc followed by therapy, and now have a recurrence at the same site in the liver 6. patients who have received hcc specific therapy 3 months prior to study visit 1 (including resection, ablation \[microwave/radiofrequency\]), transarterial chemoembolization \[tace\], select internal radiation therapy \[sirt\] or stereotactic body radiation therapy \[sbrt\] 3, chemotherapy, immune modulators and other experimental therapies). exclusion criteria for imaging subgroup 1. any contra-indication to magnetic resonance imaging (mri) (e.g. claustrophobia, metal implants/fragments, implants, pregnancy, other conditions the scanner operator deems unsafe for mr scanning).
a randomized study of safety and efficacy of pazopanib and gemcitabine in persistent or relapsed ovarian cancer

Conditions: Ovarian Cancer; Fallopian Tube Cancer; Peritoneal Cancer

Summary: ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer deaths, and the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths in women. while approximately 75% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer will respond to first-line chemotherapy with platinum and paclitaxel, most patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer will experience disease recurrence. pazopanib is a novel agent has recently been approved for the treatment of subjects with advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc), and preclinical studies suggest it may be effective in other cancers such as ovarian cancer. therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the efficacy and safety of a novel agent, pazopanib, as an adjunct to a standard treatment, gemcitabine, for recurrent or persistent ovarian cancer. this is an open label study in which subjects will be randomized 1:1 to receive 4 cycles of either gemcitabine, or gemcitabine with pazopanib. gemcitabine will be administered as an iv infusion weekly on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle. subjects randomized to receive pazopanib will take 800 mg daily during the 21 day cycle. all subjects will be monitored for toxicity and other indicators of safety (labs, physical exams, vitals) at intervals throughout the treatment cycles. subjects will be followed for up to 5 years following the conclusion of treatment to evaluate efficacy. the primary endpoints of the study are progression free survival and overall survival, which will be assessed at three years.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * must be at least 18 years old * must have measurable or detectable ovarian, fallopian or primary peritoneal cancer * must have been treated previously with carboplatin, cisplatin or another organoplatinum compound exclusion criteria: * women who are pregnant or nursing * history of congenital long qt syndrome * active bleeding or at risk of a bleeding disorder * other significant medical condition or history of medical condition which may put the patient at risk

Keywords: recurrent persistent
use of teriparatide to accelerate fracture healing

Conditions: Pelvic Fracture

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of the drug teriparatide to the effect of placebo on pelvic fracture healing.

teriparatide is a man-made form of a naturally occurring hormone called parathyroid. it increases bone density and bone strength to help prevent fractures and can be used to treat osteoporosis in people who have a high risk of bone fracture. the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of teriparatide to the effect of placebo on pelvic fracture healing. this study will last 16 weeks. participants will be randomly assigned to receive either teriparatide or placebo for the duration of the study. participants will also be given calcium and vitamin d supplements to take daily throughout the study. at 4-week intervals, participants will undergo functional evaluations that will include the instrumented sit-to-stand test, the timed-up-and-go, and a gait velocity test. participants will also undergo a dxa scan upon enrollment; undergo a ct evaluation upon enrollment and 16 weeks post-fracture; and complete specific pain, self-perceived function, mental status, and depression scales throughout the study.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * females must be menopausal (no menses within the last 12 months) * low energy fragility fractures of the pelvis, including anterior column, posterior column, inferior or superior rami, or sacrum * maximum of 2 weeks post fracture * mental status consistent with completing the study protocol exclusion criteria: * currently receiving any treatment for osteoporosis, including estrogen and estrogenic-like compounds * received radiation treatment to any site at any time in the past * received chemotherapy for cancer at any time in the past * any active cancer * surgical repair (or attempted repair) of the fracture site in the pelvis * use of any bone-active medications * use of anticonvulsant therapy * use of immunosuppressants * any renal, gastrointestinal, liver, or metabolic bone disease * pregnancy * high calcium, parathyroid hormone, or alkaline phosphatase, as based on laboratory results

Keywords: fracture healing teriparatide forteo pelvic fractures
the biomechanical study of diseased human carotid, femoral and abdominal aortic tissue

Conditions: Vascular Diseases

Summary: this cross-sectional study aims to ascertain the mechanical properties of human carotid/femoral atherosclerotic plaque and abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue and correlate tissue mechanics with novel blood-based biomarkers of cardiovascular calcification.

the study is a non-randomised, controlled, cross-sectional study of diseased human carotid, femoral and abdominal aortic tissue.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with arterial plaque undergoing treatment where the plaque tissue will be surgically removed as per the usual peripheral endarterectomy procedure. * able to provide informed consent. exclusion criteria: * patients that are unable to give informed consent. * seriously ill/unconscious patients.