Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
longevity of prefabricated band and loop versus conventional band and loop space maintainers

Conditions: Premature Tooth Exfoliation

Summary: to assess the longevity of prefabricated versus conventional band and loop space maintainers in children with prematurely lost first primary molars. a randomized clinical trial

when considering gingival health and cement dissolution, does the longevity of the prefabricated band and loop differ from the conventional band and loop constructed following the premature loss of the lower first primary molars? the concept of preserving space after premature tooth loss has been recognized for over a century. conventional appliances are used successfully as space maintainers, but some disadvantages like the need for at least two visits to deliver the appliance due to laboratory work, will definitely affect its role during the general anesthesia. the prefabricated space maintainer requires only one visit as it is fitted into the patient's mouth at the clinic without needing the dental lab. this provides a good impact on apprehensive children as it reduces the number of visits and chairside time. prefabricated space maintainers could be a new alternative to the conventional fixed space maintainers used in pediatric dentistry.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients having mandibular first deciduous molar indicated for extraction due to extensive coronal caries beyond possible repair, root caries and/or failed pulp therapy. * caries free, or restored mandibular second primary molars and deciduous canines on the side of the extraction maintained throughout the entire follow-up period. * children are classified as cooperative or potentially cooperative according to wright's classification of child behavior. * according to space analysis, available space is less than or equal to the needed space * 1/3 to less than 2/3 of the root of the permanent successor is formed to the prematurely lost primary molars * children are mentally capable of communication. * children aged 4-6 years exclusion criteria: * children with any parafunctional habits. * children with previous allergies to stainless steel. * permanent successors with 2/3 of its roots formed and space analysis does not indicate the fabrication of space maintainer. * parental refusal of participation.
toolkit for experiential well-being in dementia (tend)

Conditions: Dementia; Alzheimer Disease

Summary: the goal of this project is to conduct an open pilot (n=5) among dyads (persons living with dementia and their caregivers) to assess the preliminary effects of an online videogame platform. the "isle of tend" is an immersive and interactive videogame platform designed for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. dyads will use the platform three to four times a week for 20-30 minutes across four weeks. the investigators will assess for improvements in relationship satisfaction, wellbeing, and positive emotions and gather feedback on engagement in the platform. dyads will complete measures at baseline and post-intervention as well as brief measures after each platform use.

the aim of this phase is to assess initial active engagement, sustained attention, and positive emotions of the "isle of tend" intervention platform. our participants (n = 5 dyads) will be persons living with moderate-severe dementia and their caregivers in the boston area. the intervention, "isle of tend" is an immersive and interactive videogame platform designed for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. studio elsewhere, a design and development team, developed the platform in consideration with feedback generated from focus groups and design workshops. users navigate the online island and explore accompanying modules with varying audio and visual features. the platform aims to engage dyads in an enjoyable, shared, and "error-free" experience (i.e., creating poetry, viewing virtual art). participants will use their personal "travel journal" after each platform session, in which they log engagement and positive emotion. dyads are also encouraged to provide free response feedback on the platform. once a week, dyads will record themselves as they use the platform. the investigators will conclude the pilot with exit interviews. baseline and post intervention assessments will include self-reported measures including relationship satisfaction, wellbeing, and caregiver stress. the research team will engage in behavioral observation coding to assess active engagement.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * informal caregiver (specifically, a family member) of a person with moderate-severe dementia and person with moderate-severe dementia * moderate to severe as determined by functional assessment staging tool (fast scale) taken by caregiver * age 18 or older * english-speaking * willing and able to use the platform together 3-4 times a week for 20-30 minutes * located in the boston area exclusion criteria: * lack of access to internet and/or a computer with a camera * untreated serious mental illness and or substance use diagnosis

Keywords: bio-experiential videogame psychosocial
impact of live streaming exercise on liver health in masld pregnant women

Conditions: Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Summary: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (masld) is a clinical and pathological syndrome characterized primarily by excessive intracellular fat accumulation in the liver, excluding alcohol-related and other specific causes. recent research has identified an association between masld and an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and large-for-gestational-age infants. masld in pregnant women poses multiple risks to maternal and infant health. regular physical exercise during pregnancy has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes, while also alleviating hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. this study is a randomized controlled trial aimed at exploring the feasibility and effectiveness of online exercise interventions for pregnant women with masld, as well as conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis and investigating the underlying physiological mechanisms based on the liver-gut axis. the findings are intended to provide scientific evidence and practical recommendations for managing pregnancy health and intervening in masld during pregnancy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. singleton pregnancy; 2. gestational age ≤10-13+6 weeks at enrollment; 3. age between 20 and 45 years; 4. patients diagnosed with masld; 5. signed informed consent. exclusion criteria: 1. cervical length ≤ 25 mm; 2. history of threatened abortion; 3. exercise contraindications or doctor advice not to exercise during pregnancy; 4. current or previous use of drugs that affect body weight (such as hormones); 5. patients with chronic hepatitis virus or other chronic liver diseases, excluding masld; 6. non-natural conception or infertility treatment; 7. any previous medication for hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease or mental illness; 8. participating in other pregnancy intervention research projects.

Keywords: randomized controlled trial live streaming exercise
lung recruitment maneuvers for postoperative atelectasis prevention after idiopathic adolescents' scoliosis correction

Conditions: Postoperative Atelectasis; Lung Recruitment; Scoliosis; Adolescence

Summary: the investigators hypothesized that an ultrasound-guided lung recruitment maneuvers would be more effective in preventing postoperative atelectasis than conventional alveolar recruitment after surgical correction of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis.

in anesthetized children, the incidence of lung collapse with episodes of hypoxemia is high. diaphragm dysfunction induced by general anesthesia is one of the most important factors in the genesis of regional losses of lung aeration; the mass of the abdominal organs pushes the diaphragm cranially compressing the lungs in the most dependent areas. such regional lung collapse may range from slight loss of aeration to complete atelectasis. scoliosis correction surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais) is effective in preventing deterioration of lung function caused by disease progression, and improving lung volume over the long term. however, complications of the respiratory system and pulmonary dysfunction may occur in the immediate postoperative period. general anesthesia (ga) and positive pressure ventilation can cause decreased lung volumes, expiratory flow rates, and oxygenation after surgery as a result of positive pressure ventilation, partial recovery of respiratory muscle, pain, and immobilization. lung ultrasound has been gaining consensus as a noninvasive, radiation-free tool for diagnosing various pulmonary diseases in adult and pediatric patients. evidence supporting lung ultrasound use is expanding beyond emergency and critical care settings to perioperative care. it has been reported that lung ultrasound (lus) at a patient's bedside immediately following surgery can be useful for diagnosing respiratory complications. lus has proven to be a valuable bedside diagnostic tool for pneumothorax, with high sensitivity and specificity (78.6% and 98.4%, respectively), and a higher rate of detecting abnormalities such as lung alveolar consolidation and pleural effusion than bedside chest x-ray or physical examination. lus has also been used to diagnose anesthesia-induced atelectasis in pediatric patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients scheduled for elective correction of ais * aged between 10 and 25 years old * american society of anesthesiologists (asa) class i \& ii * both genders exclusion criteria: * morbidly obese patients * patients with previous thoracic surgery * upper or lower airway infection within 2 weeks before the surgery * abnormal preoperative chest x-ray findings including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion or pneumonia
oncological outcomes of different patterns of tumor recurrence at first evaluation after bacillus calmette-guérin induction therapy for intermediate and high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer

Conditions: Bladder Cancer

Summary: this retrospective study aimed at assessment of different patterns (morphological and pathological) of tumor recurrence found at first evaluation after bcg induction therapy (3 months cystoscopy) for intermediate and high-risk nmibc and its prognostic implications at a tertiary referral center.

bladder cancer (bca) is the second most common genitourinary malignancy with approximately 75-85% of all patients with bca present at diagnosis a non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (nmibc) (ta, t1 and tis). although nmibc usually carries a favorable prognosis, there is a high risk of disease recurrence and a 10% to 20% risk of progression to muscle-invasive disease. the common treatment for intermediate- and high-risk patients is a transurethral resection followed by intravesical therapy with bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), a non-specific immunotherapy that has remained the gold standard for 40 years. over the last decades, several studies have confirmed the superiority of bcg over the combination of epirubicin and interferon, mitomycin c or epirubicin alone for prevention of tumor recurrence, in intermediate- and high-risk tumors. despite wide acceptance of bcg intravesical therapy in intermediate and high risk nmibc, there is still a controversy regarding the optimal protocol of administration. however, most of the guidelines have recommended an induction regimen of six weekly bcg instillations followed by maintenance instillation for at least 1 year. complete response (cr) rates after an induction course of bcg for intermediate and high risk nmibc are high and range from 50-70%. tumor recurrence at first evaluation (3-months cystoscopy) after bcg induction therapy has been defined as a poor prognostic indicator in those groups of patients with an increased potential risk of disease recurrence and /or progression. different patterns of tumor recurrence may be encountered at 3-mo cystoscopy during first evaluation after induction therapy either morphological (single tumor vs. multiple, \<3 cm or more, site (? bladder neck involvement), papillary or non papillary) or histopathological (ta vs. t1, concurrent cis or not, tumor grade). to determine how to optimally manage those heterogeneous groups of patients, studying of the specific impact of different tumor characteristics on oncological outcomes is warranted.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients for who complete turbt, was carried out * intermediate and high risk nmibc. * patients who received full induction bcg regimen (6 weekly doses). * patients completed at least 12 months follow up after 3 months cystoscopy. exclusion criteria: * patients who received incomplete induction bcg regimen (less than 6 weekly doses) * patients with incomplete (less than 12 months) follow up.
a pilot study of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans

Conditions: Insomnia

Summary: the proposed study is a multiple baseline design pilot study which seeks to evaluate the impact of digitally administered cbt-i, using the sleepio platform, for the treatment of insomnia disorder among veterans with co-morbid psychopathology. in addition, information related to acceptability and feasibility of the intervention among a veteran sample will be obtained.

cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (cbt-i) is considered the front-line intervention for individuals with insomnia and has recently been rolled-out throughout the veterans health administration (vha; manber et al., 2012). cbt-i includes behavioral (sleep restriction, stimulus control, relaxation exercises), cognitive (cognitive restructuring, mindfulness exercise), and psychoeducation (sleep hygiene) components. while cbt-i has been demonstrated to be a highly efficacious and effective intervention, it is a specialized intervention that can be costly and is in limited supply based on the level of training required and number of providers available. for this reason, digital administration of cbt-i has been examined and research has demonstrated initial efficacy among community samples (ritterband et al., 2009; vincent et al., 2009; espie et al., 2012), with one platform, sleepio, demonstrating efficacy compared to a placebo intervention (espie et al., 2012; espie et al., 2014). for this reason, the current study will utilize the sleepio platform which provides an interactive, customized and tailored delivery of cbt-i.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: participants must be: * at least 18 years of age (no upper age limit) * meet dsm-5 defined criteria for insomnia disorder * be on a stable dose of any prescription medication (including sleep medication) for at least 2 weeks prior to the in-person screening assessment * have comorbid psychopathology (i.e., symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd), anxiety, and/or depression) exclusion criteria: * limited mental competency (not oriented to person, place, or time) and the inability to give informed, voluntary, or written consent to participate * high risk for sleep apnea (stop-bang score \>/= 3) * current or previous diagnosis of sleep apnea that is untreated * history of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury * current substance or alcohol use disorder, moderate to severe, in the past 3 months * current bipolar disorder * current or lifetime psychotic disorders * seizure disorders * moderate to high risk of suicide in the past month

Keywords: insomnia anxiety ptsd
molecular subtyping of extensive stage small cell lung cancer and relevent clinical significance

Conditions: SCLC,Extensive Stage

Summary: to validate the predictive value of transcriptome-based molecular subtyping of extensive stage small cell lung cancer (sclc) for the efficacy of programmed death-1(pd-1)/programmed death-ligand1(pd-l1) inhibitor in the first line setting; to explore the differences of immune microenvironment between different sclc subtypes to reveal the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance of sclc

this retrospective observational study examines the predictive value of transcriptome-based molecular subtyping of extensive stage sclc for pd-1/pd-l1 inhibitor efficacy and explores immune microenvironment differences between subtypes to uncover immunotherapy resistance mechanisms. patients with extensive stage sclc receiving first-line standard treatment are enrolled, and baseline tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples are collected for transcriptome sequencing and immunohistochemistry (ihc). based on results, patients are classified into four molecular subtypes, and treatment efficacy and safety are recorded. the study compares the efficacy between sclc subtypes to determine if molecular typing predicts immunotherapy efficacy and investigates immune microenvironment differences between subtypes to uncover resistance mechanisms. treatment regimens follow first-line extensive stage sclc guidelines, including cisplatin+etoposide or carboplatin+etoposide and pd-(l)1 inhibitors, with options determined by the supervising physician.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the enrolled subjects shall meet all the following conditions at the same time. 1. male or female, aged 18 to 100 years 2. patients with untreated advanced small cell lung cancer clearly diagnosed by histopathology 3. be able to provide tumor biopsy tissue sample for molecular analysis 4. eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) score: 0\~2 5. expected survival of more than 3 months. 6. has at least 1 measurable or evaluable tumor lesion with a longest diameter ≥ 10 mm at baseline (in case of lymph nodes, a shortest diameter ≥ 15 mm is required) according to recist v1.1 7. received first-line chemotherapy or chemotherapy＋pd-(l)1 inhibitor and be able to provide complete treatment information and efficacy evaluation results. 8. voluntary signed informed consent and expected good compliance. exclusion criteria: * those meeting any of the following conditions may not be included. 1. patient unable to tolerate chemotherapy. 2. patients unable to provide tumor tissue samples for testing 3. patients with other malignant tumors or a history of other malignant tumors 4. patients have any other reason to be unfit to participate in this study.
vitrous analysis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Conditions: Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Summary: analysis of vitreous proteins in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

to analyse and compare vitreous proteins in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage exclusion criteria: * vitreous hemorrhage of other cause than proliferative diabetic retinopathy * previous vitrectomy

Keywords: pdrp vitreous protein vitrectomy
dosing of tenofovir and efavirenz in antiretroviral therapy

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: tenofovir+lamivudine+efavirenz is still the first line regimen of combination antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. based on our previous data, we aim to evaluate whether reduce the dose of tenofovir and efavirenz could decreasing the incidence of the side effects while not scarifying their virological efficacy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * hiv antibody positive * chinese nationality * naïve to antiretroviral therapy * willing to start antiretroviral therapy * provision of written informed consent exclusion criteria: * pregnant, breastfeeding, or lactating * females try to get pregnant during the research period * subjects who allergic to any of the research drugs * subjects that taking other drugs that known to impact the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the research drugs * any serious or active medical or psychiatric illness which, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with treatment, assessment, compliance with the protocol, or subject safety. this would include any active clinically significant renal, cardiac, pulmonary, vascular, or metabolic (thyroid disorders, adrenal disease) illness, or malignancy * medical or psychiatric condition or occupational responsibilities that may preclude compliance with the protocol * laboratory blood values: * haemoglobin \<9.0 grams/decilitre (g/dl) * neutrophil count \<1500/mm3 * platelet count \<75,000/mm3 * aspartate aminotransferase or alanine transaminase \>3 times upper limit of normal (uln) * total bilirubin \>3 times upper limit of normal (uln) * subjects with an estimated creatinine clearance of \<90 ml/minute
reasons for emergency department utilization and readmission in postoperative 90 days

Conditions: Surgery; Nursing Caries

Summary: the objective of this study was conducted to examine the reasons for patients' utilization of the emergency department and the rates of readmission in the first 90 days after surgery.

background: postoperative readmission rates of patients have been important indicators in the evaluation of quality service delivery and cost-effectiveness. this study was conducted to examine the reasons for patients' utilization of the emergency department and the rates of readmission in the first 90 days after surgery. material and methods: the research is based on actual patient data in the hospital information management system. in the study, the data of patients who had undergone surgery between january 1, 2018, and december 31, 2018, and presented to the emergency department in the first 90 days after surgery were retrospectively analyzed. patient data about the date of surgery, type of surgery, department performing the surgery, patient age, gender, type of anesthesia, the length of postoperative hospital stay, date of discharge, date, and reason for presenting to the emergency department, and discharge status (admission, referral, discharge, or death, etc.) recorded on the hospital information management system were evaluated in accordance with "the 18 hipaa" standards.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * undergone surgery between january 1, 2018, and december 31, 2018, * presented to the emergency department exclusion criteria: • patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria

Keywords: surgery, emergency department, readmission
safety and efficacy study of dexmethylphenidate in children with adhd

Conditions: ADHD

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of two doses of dexmethylphenidate to two doses of an approved, long-acting, marketed medication for adhd (mph) and placebo in children ages 6-12 diagnosed with adhd.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * dsm-iv diagnosis of adhd * males and females aged 6-12 exclusion criteria: * inability of understand or follow instructions * is pregnant * diagnosis of tic disorder * history of seizure disorder

Keywords: adhd, children