Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
clinical characteristics of acutely hospitalized adults with community-acquired- pneumonia

Conditions: Pneumonia

Summary: there is no gold standard when diagnosing of pneumonia. the variability of clinical signs and symptoms make it difficult to distinguish pneumonia from other causes of respiratory conditions. well defined characteristics upon arrival to the emergency department will contribute to the better and quicker diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia.

currently, pneumonia diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever and sputum production, combined with x-ray of the lungs, relevant blood tests and microbiological analysis of sputum samples. the x-ray is an imprecise diagnostic tool, and results from sputum assays are first available after 2 days. in the elderly, pneumonia presents with clinically differing signs such as delirium, malnutrition, and there may be an absence of fever, cough and dyspnea. the physical examination is also challenged by a broad variety of atypical symptoms like headache, dry cough and gastrointestinal symptoms in the form of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. our hypothesis is that well-defined clinical characteristics upon arrival to the emergency department will contribute to the better and quicker diagnosis of pneumonia. the aim is to identify the information available upon arrival to the emergency department that contributes to diagnosis and prognosis of community-acquired-pneumonia. the objectives are: 1. identify the information available upon arrival that correlates to the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia 2. identify the information available upon arrival that correlates to severity of community-acquired pneumonia

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients \> 18 years old * patients suspected with cap by the attending physician. the physician will base his/her suspicion on e.g. clinical symptoms such as cough, increased sputum production, chest tights, dyspnea and fever\>38c, and indication for x-ray. exclusion criteria: * if the attending physician considers that participation will delay a life-saving treatment or patient needs direct transfer to the intensive care unit. * admission within the last 14 days * verified covid-19 disease within 14 days before admission * pregnant women * severe immunodeficiencies: primary immunodeficiencies and secondary immunodeficiencies (hiv positive cd4 \ 20 mg/day prednisone or equivalent for \>14 days within the last 30 days), chemotherapy within 30 days)

Keywords: risk factors community acquired pneumonia
machine-learning prediction and reducing overdoses with ehr nudges

Conditions: Opioid Overdose; Opioid Use; Opioid Use Disorder; Opioids

Summary: the goal of this cluster randomized clinical trial is to test a clinician-targeted behavioral nudge intervention in the electronic health record (ehr) for patients who are identified by a machine-learning based risk prediction model as having an elevated risk for an opioid overdose. the clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness of providing a flag in the ehr to identify individuals at elevated risk with and without behavioral nudges/best practice alerts (bpas) as compared to usual care by primary care clinicians. the primary goals of the study are to improve opioid prescribing safety and reduce overdose risk.

in response to the opioid overdose crisis, health systems have instituted multiple interventions to reduce patient risk, including decreasing unsafe opioid prescribing among high-risk patients and dispensing naloxone. however, these interventions face two key challenges. first, there are limited and poorly performing tools to identify who is truly at risk of overdose, leading to burdensome interventions targeting an overly broad population or missing key high-risk individuals. second, even with more accurate identification of high-risk patients, highly effective strategies to change clinician behavior remain limited. common cognitive biases may underlie clinicians' lack of response to risk factors for overdose. this project aims to address both of these limitations by combining more accurate risk prediction tools to identify those at elevated risk of opioid overdose with novel "nudge" interventions based on principles of behavioral economics that have been shown to address cognitive biases and change prescribing behavior. the primary hypothesis is that high-risk patients in primary care practices randomized to the elevated-risk flag + nudge intervention will have safer prescribing compared to usual care.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * received an opioid prescription within the past year * age 18 years or older at the time of the opioid prescription * at least one visit to an internal medicine or family care practice within the past year exclusion criteria: * diagnosis of malignant cancer within the past year * enrollment in hospice care

Keywords: machine learning risk prediction behavioral nudge best practice alert artificial intelligence primary care electronic health record platforms opioid overdose opioids
a study to evaluate impact of efanesoctocog alfa on long-term joint health in participants with hemophilia a

Conditions: Hemophilia A

Summary: this is a prospective, observational, multi-center longitudinal cohort study to describe the real-world effectiveness, safety and treatment usage of efanesoctocog alfa in patients with hemophilia a treated per standard of care in the us and japan. patients will be enrolled in the study after the introduction of efanesoctocog alfa in the hemophilia treatment landscape in each study country. decision to initiate treatment with commercially available efanesoctocog alfa will be made by the treating physician independently from the decision to include patients in the study. no study medication is provided. the data related to efanesoctocog alfa effectiveness, safety and usage will be collected prospectively during routine visits (expected annual/semi-annual visits) for up to 5 years following enrollment /treatment initiation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * have a diagnosis of hemophilia a * patients starting efanesoctocog alfa treatment as per standard of care no more than one month prior to the enrollment date, for either on demand or prophylaxis. patients starting efanesoctocog alfa treatment for a surgery event may also be enrolled only if the treatment is prescribed at enrollment. * physician's decision to treat the patient with efanesoctocog alfa is made prior to and independently of participation in the study. * signed and dated informed consent provided by the patient, or by the patient's legally acceptable representative for patients under the legal age before any study-related activities are undertaken. assent should be obtained for pediatric patients according to local regulations. exclusion criteria: diagnosed with other known bleeding disorder * participation in an investigational medicinal product trial at enrollment visit, or intake of an investigational medicinal product within 3 months prior to inclusion in this study * current diagnosis of a fviii inhibitor, defined as inhibitor titer ≥0.60 bu/ml "the above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a potential participation in a clinical trial."
analgesic effect of three-point transversus abdominis plane block compared with continuous epidural infusion for post-laparoscopic nephrectomy

Conditions: Pain, Postoperative

Summary: this study aimed to compare the efficacy three-point transversus abdominis plane (tap) blocks with continuous epidural infusion for alleviating pain post-laparoscopic nephrectomy

approval from ethical committee of faculty of medicine universitas indonesia was acquired prior conducting the study. subjects were given informed consent before enrolling the study. intravenous (iv) cannula, non-invasive blood pressure monitor, and pulse-oxymetry were set on the subjects in endoscopic room. vital signs were recorded. subjects were then randomized into two groups (three-point transversus abdominis plane \[tap\] blocks and continuous epidural infusion). the epidural group was received epidural regional anesthesia in sitting position before anesthesia induction, between the first and second lumbar vertebra, with 4 cm depth. the tap group was received tap block using ultrasound as a guide and injected in three points on trans abdominal plane using 100 mm stimuplex needle and 0.25% bupivacaine with total volume of 20 ml in each point (with total of 60 ml in three points) after the surgery has ended, before the patient was awake. subjects were given midazolam 0.05 mg/kg body weight (bw) and fentanyl 1-2 µg/kg bw as premedication. induction was done using propofol 1-2mg/kg bw. endotracheal intubation was facilitated using atracurium 0.5 mg/kg bw. general anesthesia was maintained using oxygen, air, and sevoflurane. mechanical ventilation was set with volume control ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) 5 cm of water, and oxygen fraction of 30-50%. respiratory rate was set at certain level until the end-tidal carbon dioxide (co2) value reached around 35-45 mm hg. during the surgery, the epidural group only received epidural regimen of 0.25% bupivacaine without any adjuvant, while the tap group received fentanyl and atracurium if needed. after the surgery ended, subjects were prepared for ventilator weaning and extubation. after the subjects were moved to ward, both groups received additional analgesic consisting of fentanyl with patient-controlled analgesia (pca) method. total pca requirements and visual analog scale (vas) were recorded in the first 24 hours.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who were going to donate their kidney with laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery. patients who undergo surgery with supine position. patients who agreed to participate in this study. exclusion criteria: * subjects with contraindications for tap blocks or continuous epidural anesthesia, such as infection at the site of injection and blood coagulation disorder drop out criteria: * complications such as systemic allergy, anaphylaxis, and cardiac arrest occurs
efficacy of kam2904 face cream and kam3008 body lotion treatment in children with atopic dermatitis (ad)

Conditions: Atopic Dermatitis

Summary: the main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of kam2904 face cream and kam3008 body lotion in reducing the symptoms of mild to moderate ad. efficacy will be evaluated by comparing scorad and eczema area severity index (easi) in a group of subjects treated with kam2904 face cream and kam3008 body lotion (the treatment group), versus a group of subjects treated with a petrolatum-based moisturizer (the control group). safety will be determined by the number and severity of adverse events device-related.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * • male or female between 2 and 12 years of age * the subject suffers from moderate atopic dermatitis (scorad\<40) that is amenable to treatment * diagnosis of atopic dermatitis meets hanifin's criteria (at least 3 basic features and at least 3 minor features) * atopic dermatitis is, in the opinion of the investigator, stable for the past 7 days * the subject's parents are able to apply the study product twice a day (each morning and evening) for a consecutive period of 42 days * the subject's parents agree that the subject will not change his/her lifestyle during the study period (including: regular body hygiene product (soap), the number of baths and showers per day, the laundry detergent and fabric softener used to wash clothes) * the subject's parents agree to use only the test product during the study period * the subject's legal guardian is able and willing to sign the informed consent form and to comply with the study regulations of this protocol exclusion criteria: * • the subject has another dermatological disease/condition that could interfere with the clinical evaluation, including infected atopic dermatitis lesions * the subject has a previous history of allergy to cosmetic products or to any of the ingredients included in the tested formulations (appendices 1 and 2) * the subject received a topical or a systemic immune-modulator (such calcineurin inhibitors or cortico-steroids) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, within 14 days prior to day 0 * the subject underwent phototherapy within 28 days prior to day 0 * the subject is expected to be extensively exposed to the sun during the trial * the subject underwent any experimental treatment within 14 days prior to day 0
drug utilization and safety events among children using esomeprazole, other proton pump inhibitors or h2-receptor antagonists

Conditions: Hospitalized Cases of Angioneurotic Oedema; Pneumonia; Gastroenteritis; Failure to Thrive; Seizures; Acute Interstitial Nephritis and Thrombocytopenia

Summary: the purpose of this study is 1. to describe patient characteristics and drug usage among children that are prescribed esomeprazole for the first time and to compare them with patients who are prescribed other proton pump inhibitors (ppis) or h2-receptor antagonists for the first time. 2. to ascertain all incident hospitalized cases of angioneurotic oedema, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, failure to thrive, convulsions/seizures, acute interstitial nephritis and thrombocytopenia among new users in the three cohorts of esomeprazole, other ppis and h2-receptor antagonists.

time perspective: other = retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data number of anticipated subjects: all subjects dispensed esomeprazole, other ppis or h2-receptor antagonists for the first time during the study period

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 0-18 years * newly dispensed esomeprazole, other proton pump inhibitors or h2-receptor antagonists exclusion criteria: * children with less than one year of history in pharmo rls before study cohort entry (if a child is \<1 year at cohort entry, history from birth is required) * children using more than 1 acid suppressing drug concomitantly at cohort entry

Keywords: acid suppressing drugs pharmacoepidemiology children
assessment of surgically removed abdominal wall endometriomas

Conditions: Endometriosis Outside Pelvis

Summary: a retrospective review of all patients who underwent surgery for an anterior abdominal wall mass which confirmed by pathology examination as an endometrioma will be completely performed. the clinical data will be recorded and pathology report diagnosis will be correlated with the clinical data to assess the possible causes of endometrioma in the women treated in our tertiary hospital and the efficacy of the surgical excision.

our hospital is a tertiary center for performing cesarean sections, external endometriosis (endometrioma) is a challenging complication for this operation, many treatment choices are available and the most common is the surgical excision, however recurrence could be seen after the surgical operation. we assess all patients who underwent surgical excision for abdominal wall endometriomas in our hospital by retrieving the medical files and pathology reports to study the possible age group,causes and duration of endometriomas. also the rate of enodmetriomas among the previously experienced females with cesarean section operations. pathological diagnosis tools will be also assessed. ethical approval was obtained from the local committee. results will be statistically assessed using spss programm.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female * surgically removed abdominal wall endometrioma exclusion criteria: * male (very very rare to occur) * medically treated enodmetrioma * outside treated patients
the efficacy and safety of hlx07 in locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cscc)

Conditions: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Summary: following basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cscc) is the most common skin cancer and its incidence remains on a steady rise. the vast majority of cscc lesions are treated with surgical resection and have a cure rate exceeding 90 percent in early-stage disease. in stark contrast, the 5-year overall survival rate is below 50% for locally advanced patients and less than 10 percent for those with distant metastases. although the commonly used cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies may achieve an overall response rate of up to 80%, the efficacy is usually not durable. moreover, the use of chemotherapy is limited due to the many adverse events, especially in elderly patients, who are the largest population of concern for cscc. the purpose of this study was to assess safety, efficacy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cscc given hlx07 (recombinant humanized anti-egfr monoclonal antibody injection).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. volunteer to participate in this clinical study; completely understand and know this study as well as sign the informed consent form (icf); be willing to follow and be able to complete all study procedures; 2. aged ≥ 18 years. 3. histopathologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cscc). 4. measurable lesion according to recist v1.1 by irrc. 5. ecog score 0-1. 6. expected survival 12 weeks. 7. for fertile female subjects, the pregnancy test must be negative within 7 days before the first dose. exclusion criteria: 1. prior systemic anti-egfr monoclonal antibody therapy. 2. a history of other malignancies within three years, except for cured cervical carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma in situ of the breast, or tumors that do not require interventional treatment after radical surgery. 3. participant has any other histologic type of skin cancer, eg, basal cell carcinoma that has not been definitively treated with surgery or radiation, bowen's disease, mcc, melanoma. 4. participants with any prior allogeneic solid organ or bone marrow transplantations. 5. symptomatic brain or meningeal metastases (unless the patient has been on \> treatment for 3 months, has no evidence of progress on imaging within 4 weeks prior to initial administration, and tumor-related clinical symptoms are stable). 6. uncontrollable pleural effusion, pericardial effusion or ascites requiring repeated drainage. 7. active clinical severe infection.
chairside mouthrinse test and cost effectiveness

Conditions: Periodontitis, Juvenile

Summary: the aim is to study whether participants at risk could be identified using an ammp-8 chairside mouth rinse test and to study if oral health and health behaviour is linked to the test result in finnish adolescents.

adolescents (14-15-year-olds) are randomly divided to control group and test group. chairside mouth rinse test for ammp-8 is performed for the test group. two groups are compared with each other. participants are asked to fill a questionnaire which consists of questions concerning oral hygiene habits, tobacco products, alcohol, drug and snuff use.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all 8 class (aged 14-15 years) pupils in jukola, hämeenlinna, finland * written informed consent from the participants and their parents (one of them) exclusion criteria: * no written consent to the study
caffeine as an adjuvant therapy for late preterm infants with respiratory distress

Conditions: Prematurity; Respiratory Disease; Ventilator Lung; Newborn

Summary: use of caffeine citrate in late-preterm infants with respiratory distress is questionable. oliphant and colleagues found in a recently published study that caffeine therapy use in late-preterm infants at a loading dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg and maintenance dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day reduces the incidence of intermittent hypoxia events by 61 and 67% respectively. the investigators hypothesized that caffeine will improve respiratory drive, prevent apnea, shorten the hospital stay and improve arousal state in late preterm infants. the investigators aim to study the effect of caffeine citrate on late preterm babies as regard duration of respiratory support, duration of hospital stay, respiratory morbidity, incidence and frequency of apnea.

late preterm infants will be randomized in a blinded manner to receive either caffeine in loading dose 20 mg/kg (equivalent for 10 mg/kg caffeine base) and maintenance dose 10 mg/kg/day (equivalent for 5 mg/kg caffeine base) in caffeine treatment group, or equivalent volume of saline in the placebo group. caffeine will be continued until infants get off all forms of respiratory support. preparation of caffeine and placebo will be performed by a designated pharmacist who is not part of the study. parents and investigators will be remained blinded to the administered medications throughout the study period.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * newborn infants at gestational age 34 0/7 through 36 6/7 * presented with respiratory distress * require respiratory support in the form of any of the following : a) invasive mechanical ventilation, b) non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, c) nasal cannula with fio2 requirement over 50% to keep pre-ductal saturation between 90-95%. exclusion criteria: 1 - late preterm admitted for non-respiratory etiologies 2- late preterm infants requiring nasal cannula on less than 50% fio2 by 4 hours of age as they are less likely to require respiratory support for a long time. 3- newborn infants with congenital malformations and chromosomal anomalies. 4- infants with echocardiographic evidence of pphn requiring medical intervention. 5- late preterm with history of maternal substance abuse

Keywords: caffeine preterm newborn respiratory support
comparing the effect of sitagliptin/metformin and metformin in pcos patients

Conditions: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Infertility; ART

Summary: investigators will evaluate and compare the efficacy of sitagliptin/metformin to metformin and sitagliptin on gdf9 and bmp15 gene expression on pcos patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection(icsi).

this study was conducted in infertility clinic of mahdiyeh educational hospital, tehran. patients in the four groups receive the drug 2 months before the start of the ovulation cycle, and treatment will continue until the day of the oocyte aspiration. the drug provide by midwife to patients and both patient and physician blind to the treatment regimen. the participants randomly divide into four groups.the ovulation induction stimulate with gnrh antagonist.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subject has clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenic symptoms * subject has oligo/amenorrhea cycles exclusion criteria: * hypersensitivity to metformin * hypersensitivity to sitagliptin presence of infertility factors other than anovulation, * male infertility * pelvic organic pathologies * congenital adrenal hyperplasia * thyroid dysfunction * cushing's syndrome * hyper prolactinemia * androgen secreting neoplasia * diabetes mellitus * consumption of medications affecting carbohydrate metabolism * consumption hormonal analogues other than progesterone 2 months prior to enrolment in the study * severe hepatic * pancreatitis * kidney diseases * gallbladder diseases

Keywords: metformin sitagliptin polycystic ovary syndrome intracytoplastic sperm injection