Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
continuous negative abdominal pressure in ards (cnap in ards)

Conditions: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Summary: the aim is to test a device for applying continuous negative abdominal pressure in patients with ards

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a serious pulmonary disease affecting adults and children. it has a high mortality and there is no specific therapy. the mortality is high (approx. 40% in severe cases) and this has not changed in the last 20 years. mechanical ventilation is the mainstay of management, and this assists the patient by increasing oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. despite optimizing tidal volume, driving pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure (peep), patients with ards develop large areas of atelectasis and poor oxygenation. there are few additional ventilator approaches that have proven to be useful in preventing this type of injury. a major aim of ventilator support is recruitment of atelectatic (i.e. de-airated) lung, but while this is supported by excellent rational and laboratory data, the conventional clinical approaches have not been associated with a demonstrable improvement in patient outcome. most atelectasis in ards occurs in the dorsal (dependant, lower-most) lung regions, and these are near the diaphragm. the main ways to recruit lung are to increase the airway distending pressure (but this over-expands and damages the already-aerated lung regions); or, to turn the patient into the prone position (but clinicians are reluctant to utilize this approach - despite evidence that it may increase survival). continuous negative abdominal pressure (cnap) aims to selectively recruit basal atelectatic areas of lung, while enabling the patient to remain in the supine (usual) position.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients ≧ 18 years old 2. patients with moderate to severe ards as per the berlin definition (pao2/fio2 ≤200mmhg) 3. patients with absence of any significant cardiopulmonary disease exclusion criteria: 1. contraindication to cnap a. open abdominal wounds or drainage tubes; b. acute brain injury with intracranial pressure \>30 mm hg or cerebral perfusion pressure \<60 mmhg; c. decompensated heart insufficiency or acute coronary syndrome; d. major hemodynamic instability: mean arterial pressure lower than 60 mm hg despite adequate fluid resuscitation and two vasopressors or increase of vasopressor dose by 30% in the next 6 hours; f. unstable spine, femur, or pelvic fractures; g. pregnancy; h. pneumothorax; 2. contraindication to eit electrode placement: burns, chest wall bandaging limiting electrode placement 3. severe liver insufficiency (child-pugh score \> 7) or fulminant hepatic failure 4. major respiratory acidosis or paco2 \> 60 mmhg 5. severe copd (according to the gold criteria defined as severe = fev1: 30-50% or very severe = fev1 \< 30%) 6. clinical judgement of the attending physician
parental perceptions on prescription opioid use

Conditions: Orthopedic Disorder

Summary: this study involves an anonymous survey given to parents regarding their perceptions on prescription opioid use for pain control in children undergoing orthopedic surgery.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * parents of patients between 1-18 years of age scheduled for orthopedic surgery at nationwide children's hospital. exclusion criteria: * parents with children less than 1 or greater than 18 years of age or scheduled for surgery other than orthopedic. * non-english speaking parents.
neonatal pain management and pain monitoring using new methods

Conditions: Pain, Acute; Procedural Pain; Infant

Summary: the aim of this randomized controlled study with crossover design is to examine the effectiveness of mother-driven interventions, skin-to-skin contact (ssc) and recorded mother's heartbeats as sound and vibration (mhb), compared to oral glucose in relieving neonatal acute pain related to heel lance as a painful procedure. the effectiveness of interventions will be assessed using validated pain scales (pipp-r and niapas), changes in sensory cortex activation (near-infrared spectroscopy, nirs) and changes in physiological indicators (oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate). the secondary objectives will include evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in relation to infant recovery and evaluating the use of nirs monitoring in relation to neonatal pain assessment scales.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * gestational age (ga) at birth 32+0 - 42+0 * admitted to nicu * parents are able to read, write and speak finnish exclusion criteria: * with a postnatal age of 14 days or more * apgar points were 6 or less at 5 minutes of age * has been found grade iii or iv cerebral haemorrhage * major congenital anomalies * has intubated or receiving a ncpap * has received analgesics or sedatives for less than 24 hours prior to the study
a phase ii study of chemoradiotherapy with nimotuzumab in unresectable esophageal cancer

Conditions: Esophageal Cancer; Chemoradiotherapy; Nimotuzumab; Unresectable Malignant Neoplasm

Summary: this phase ii clinical study is designed to evaluate the 1 year local tumor control rates after the targeted therapy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy synchronized chemotherapy with nimotuzumab combined with s-1 in local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas based on nutritional risk screening nrs2002.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥18 years * pathologically or cytologically proven esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in patients staged as t2-4n0-1m0-1b (ajcc 6th tnm staging, m1b limited to clavicular or celiac lymph node metastasis) * primary treatment accepted in chinese academy of medical sciences * kps ≥70 * nrs score ≥2 * cervical or thoracic esophageal cancer histologically proved esophageal cell carcinoma * normal organ and marrow function as defined below: hemoglobin: greater than or equal to 100g/l ;leukocytes: greater than or equal to 3,500 g/l; neutrophil: greater than or equal to 1,500 g/l; platelets: greater than or equal to 100,000/mm3 ; creatinine within normal upper limits; bun within normal upper limits; ast/alt: less than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit; total bilirubin: less than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit; alkaline phosphatase :less than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit * informed consent exclusion criteria: * patients with other cancer history in 5 years except cervical carcinoma in situ and non-malignant melanoma skin cancer * any prior chemotherapy or other cancer treatment prior to this protocol * with any distant metastasis in liver, lung, bone, cns or peritoneal transplantation * history of allergic reactions attributed to contrast medium, similar chemical or biologic complex * existing esophageal fistula, perforation and cachexia * existing active infection such as active tuberculosis and hepatitis * uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, active infection, symptomatic heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness * history of myocardial infarction within the past 6 months or history of ventricular arrhythmia * participation in other clinical trials currently or within 4 weeks of selection * pregnant or lactating females
vsf-173 study in healthy adult volunteers for treatment of induced excessive sleepiness

Conditions: Excessive Somnolence

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of vsf-173 compared to placebo in treatment of induced excessive sleepiness.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy subjects with no medical, psychiatric, or current sleep disorders * subject must sign a written consent form exclusion criteria: * evidence of excessive daytime sleepiness * history of sleep disorders * psychiatric or neurological disorders
the effect of singing or playing melodica in copd patients

Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Summary: this study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study to determine the effect of singing or playing melodica activity applied to chronic obstructive pulmonary patients on symptoms, self-efficacy level, and exercise capacity of patients.

the research was carried out in the chest diseases polyclinics of a hospital in trabzon city center between september 2020 and august 2021 with 30 patients: 15 in the control group and 15 in the song/melodica group. based on pender's health promotion model, the control group received training and counseling for ten weeks, including face-toface training and telephone follow-up. according to pender's health promotion model, patients in the song/melodica group were given face-to-face training once, singing/playing the melodica training twice, and counseling and follow-up over the phone twice, with 15- day intervals. the data were collected with a patient information form and scales examining disease symptoms, self-efficacy, and exercise capacity. to evaluate the data, ttest, mann-whitney u, anova, kruskal wallis test were used for independent groups to evaluate changes over time, and paired two-sample t-test, wilcoxon test, and anova test were used in repetitive measurements for dependent groups. .

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years and older, * having been diagnosed with copd by the physician based on the results of the pulmonary function test taken with spirometry according to the gold criteria, who are in the stable period of copd, * applying to thoracic polyclinics, * not bedridden, * does not have vision and hearing problems that do not interfere with communication, * patients who can complete the six-minute walk test, * willing to sing and/or play melodica * patients who agreed to participate in the study and who read and signed the informed consent form were included in the sample. exclusion criteria:- * those who do not agree to participate in the research, * with asthma, * with a diagnosis of cancer, * with a diagnosis of covid-19, * having unstable angina or myocardial infarction in the last 1 month, * having a resting heart rate \>120/min, * patients with a resting systolic blood pressure of \>180 mmhg and a diastolic blood pressure of \>100 mmhg (183) were excluded from the study.

Keywords: copd health promotion musical instrument singing
using technology for prediction and prevention of infant torticollis and plagiocephaly

Conditions: Torticollis

Summary: the goal of this clinical trial is to test whether an app-based intervention can reduce the likelihood of a torticollis diagnosis in infants. the main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * whether an app can successfully deliver an intervention to parents of young infants * whether parents who learn about torticollis will increase behaviors intended to prevent torticollis compared to parents who learn about general infant development participants will complete a monthly survey for 6 months asking about their parenting behaviors. researchers will compare parents who receive notifications about torticollis with parents who receive notifications about general infant development to see if increased knowledge of torticollis leads to preventive behavior.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * any parent with an infant under a month old who can answer a survey in english exclusion criteria: * infant already has a diagnosis of torticollis or plagiocephaly

Keywords: prevention
roxadustat in the treatment of anemia in end stage renal disease (esrd) patients on stable dialysis

Conditions: Anemia; End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Summary: this study was conducted to explore a new therapy for anemia in participants with end stage renal disease (esrd) on dialysis. anemia is a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin. hemoglobin (which contains iron) is important for the transport of oxygen in your blood. the purpose of this study was to evaluate if roxadustat is effective and safe in the maintenance treatment of anemia in esrd participants on stable dialysis. roxadustat was compared to epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, commercially available medicines for treatment of anemia.

this study consisted of three study periods as follows: * screening period: up to 6 weeks * treatment period: a minimum of 52 weeks up to a maximum of 104 weeks * follow-up period: 4 weeks

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: main inclusion: * participant is on stable hemodialysis (hd), hemodiafiltration (hdf) or peritoneal dialysis (pd) treatment with the same mode of dialysis for ≥4 months prior to randomization. * participant is on iv or sc epoetin or iv or sc darbepoetin alfa treatment for ≥8 weeks prior to randomization with stable weekly doses (during 4 weeks prior to randomization). * mean of the participant's three most recent hb values, as measured by central laboratory, during the screening period. * participant's alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) are ≤3 x upper limit of normal (uln), and total bilirubin (tbl) is ≤1.5 x uln exclusion criteria: main exclusion: * participant has received a red blood cell (rbc) transfusion within 8 weeks prior to randomization. * participant has a known hereditary hematologic disease such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia, pure red cell aplasia, or other known causes for anemia other than chronic kidney disease (ckd). * participant has had a myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, seizure, or a thrombotic/thrombo-embolic event (e.g., deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) within 12 weeks prior to randomization. * participant has had uncontrolled hypertension, in the opinion of the investigator, within 2 weeks prior to randomization. * participant has a history of malignancy, except for the following: cancers determined to be cured or in remission for ≥5 years, curatively resected basal cell or squamous cell skin cancers, cervical cancer in situ, or resected colonic polyps. * participant has had any prior organ transplant (that has not been explanted), or participant is scheduled for organ transplantation.

Keywords: asp1517 fg-4592 anemia end stage renal disease (esrd) erythropoetin stimulating agents (esas) chronic kidney disease hematopoetic agents hif-ph inhibitor hemoglobin dialysis roxadustat
detection of ultrasound contrast signals in the cerebral circulation

Conditions: Brain Vascular Disorders; Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: to determine whether transcranial ultrasound can detect the presence of intravenously injected microbubbles used routinely for dobutamine stress echocardiography.

the purpose of this study is to determine whether the intravenous microbubbles used to improve border delineation during dobutamine stress echocardiographies (dse) can be detected within the cerebral circulation.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male or female age \>19 years of age * scheduled for a stress echocardiogram * negative urine pregnancy test within two hours of ultrasound contrast administration required for females of childbearing age unless post-menopausal or with evidence of surgical sterilization * be conscious and coherent, and able to communicate effectively with trial personnel exclusion criteria: * pregnant or lactation * life expectancy of less than 2 months or terminally ill * known or suspected hypersensitivity to ultrasound contrast agent used for the study * complicated hemodynamic instability * known left main disease
effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with chronic low back pain

Conditions: Chronic Low-back Pain (cLBP)

Summary: analysis of the effectiveness of radial shock wave therapy as part of a multimodal pain therapy in the inpatient setting. different therapy protocols are compared in previously non-operated and in previously operated patients.

radial shock wave therapy is an approved pain therapy procedure that has been used in various degenerative orthopedic diseases for years. there are a few studies on the subject of chronic back pain. some studies suggest that this method can be used sensibly. a direct comparison of different therapy protocols has not been carried out so far. as part of inpatient multimodal pain therapy (including infiltration and physiotherapy) in patients with chronic lumbar back pain with or without degenerative surgery in the area of the lumbar spine radial shock wave therapy after a specific protocol is used. only inpatients will be admitted to the study. all patients are informed verbally and give their written consent. comprehensive patient information will be provided before the start of the study, handed out and explained as part of the information discussion. there will be 2 groups ((a) patients with previous degenerative surgery in the area of the lumbar spine, (b) patients without such a pre-operation) examined each with 4 sub-groups depending of the different therapy protocols.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * chronic lumbar back pain of min 3 months duration exclusion criteria: * radicular pain of higher intensity than chronic low back pain (clbp) * new neurologic deficits * anticoagulant therapy * new trauma to the lumbar spine * spine bacterial infection * spine tumor * pregnancy * coagulation disorder * previous infiltration to the lumbar spine within 6 weeks prior to study inclusion * fibromyalgia

Keywords: radial shockwave therapy chronic low back pain
comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of 3d volume acquisition mri with ct in staging colonic cancer

Conditions: Colon Cancer

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether mri is more accurate than ct in determining the t stage, n stage, depth of tumour invasion and extra mural venous invasion (emvi) preoperatively in colon cancer.

the patient will proceed with their usual colon cancer assessment and treatment, including colonoscopy with biopsy and histology and preoperative ct chest abdomen and pelvis. in addition, patients who enroll in the study will have 2 preoperative mris of their abdomen and pelvis performed. one of these will be performed on a 1.5t and the other will be performed on a 3.0t mri scanner. we will use 20mg of im buscopan to reduce bowel mobility for each scan. a coronal scout scan will be taken to identify the tumour and select the target volume. iv gadolinium (a contrast agent routinely used in mri scans to help identify different tissues) will be administered, and a 3d vibe scan (t1 weighted) will be performed of the target volume. the liver will also be imaged at this time to look for liver metastases. a t2 weighted 3d volume acquisition will then be obtained of the target volume containing the tumour (and its lymphatic drainage). the mri will be independently reported by an expert without knowledge of the results of any other investigations. the results of the mri scan will then be made available to the clinical team. the patient will then proceed as normal with any other investigation which the clinical team feel is necessary, and be treated as normal for their colon cancer. the patient will proceed with their surgery as normal, and the specimen removed at the time of the operation will be examined in the pathology laboratory to determine the exact stage of the cancer. the accuracy of ct and mri in staging colon cancer will then be determined against the reference standard provided by the histology examination.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients undergoing treatment for colon cancer * patients undergoing primary surgery for colon cancer and who do not require neo-adjuvant therapy on the basis of their pre-operative ct exclusion criteria: * age \<18 * unable to consent * consent withheld or withdrawn * unable to have an mri (e.g pacemaker, metal implant) * allergy or contraindications to busocopam, gadolinium, small bowel contrast agent

Keywords: cancer, colon, mri scan
comparison of side effects of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia (pca)

Conditions: Post Operative Pain

Summary: both morphine and hydromorphone are pain medications commonly used after surgery. it is thought at the institution that hydromorphone causes less side effects but this has not been studied. the study proposes to treat the patients with either morphine or hydromorphone and determine how much nausea, vomiting, and itching they have with each drug


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients scheduled for abdominal surgery requiring post-operative pca * asa = i or ii exclusion criteria: * preoperative pain or use of pain medication * narcotic allergy * morbid obesity (body mass index \> 30) * diagnosis of sleep apnea * hepatic or renal disease * use of medications that would affect narcotic pharmacodynamics * preoperative nausea, vomiting, or pruritis * diagnosis of alcoholism

Keywords: pain morphine hydromorphone nausea vomiting pruritis
beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance among italian patients with type 2 diabetes (mk-0000-113)

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of beta-cell dysfunction among participants with type 2 diabetes and the association between beta-cell dysfunction and demographic, clinical, and treatment variables.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * physician diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by american diabetes association (ada) criteria * oral hypoglycemic drug therapy for ≥1 year * continuous care at the clinic (at least 2 visits) for at least one year * medical records completed with a minimum core data set * completed consent form exclusion criteria: * participation in a clinical trial in the previous 1 year * currently using insulin * type 1 diabetes * pregnancy
early stage lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomographic

Conditions: Lung Cancer

Summary: the present study is a randomized controlled trial of ldct screening for lung cancer versus usual care. 6000 high-risk subjects (age 45-70) were recruited and randomized to the active arm (baseline + 2 biennial repeated ldct screening) or to the passive arm, followed up in usual care (baseline + 2 biennial repeated questionnaire inquiries). follow-up for lung cancer incidence, lung cancer mortality and overall mortality was performed. blood samples were stored from the active arm in a biobank. management of positive screening test was carried out by a pre-specified protocol.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * eligible participants were those aged 45-70 years, and with either of the following risk factors: 1. history of cigarette smoking ≥ 20 pack-years, and, if former smokers, had quit within the previous 15 years; 2. malignant tumors history in immediate family members; 3. personal cancer history; 4. professional exposure to carcinogens; 5. long term exposure to second-hand smoke; 6. long term exposure to cooking oil fumes. exclusion criteria: 1. had a ct scan of chest within last 12 months 2. history of any cancer within 5 years

Keywords: lung cancer screening low-dose ct high-risk population
cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Conditions: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery; Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: this randomized controlled trial investigates the comparative effects of a combined preoperative and postoperative cardiac rehabilitation program versus a postoperative-only program on functional capacity, pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength, pain, kinesiophobia, and quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery. the study aims to determine whether initiating rehabilitation prior to surgery improves short-term postoperative outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * having undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery * ejection fraction (ef) \> 40% * being between the ages of 18-65 * being able to speak, read and understand in their own language * volunteering to participate in the study exclusion criteria: * having an active or suspected infection * presence of an active tumour * history of thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism within the last 3 months * having an orthopaedic, neurological or cardiovascular disease that may affect the assessments

Keywords: coronary artery disease coronary artery bypass graft surgery preoperative cardiac rehabilitation postoperative cardiac rehabilitation