study of autophagy and the effects of galig gene products in hiv-1 infected patients who are under antiretroviral therapy since primary-infection, chronic phase, or never treated.

Conditions: Autophagy; Galectins; HIV Infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Summary: little is known about autophagy during hiv infection. recently, two different teams reported important dysfunctions of autophagy in hiv-infected patients despite sustained suppressive antiretroviral therapy. as altered autophagy is strongly linked to cellular senescence and chronic inflammation, two hallmarks of hiv-infected patients despite long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy, it is important to improve our knowledge in the area. our main objective is to determine whether all or part of mononuclear cell subpopulations (cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes, and monocytes) exhibit a defect in autophagy function in a cohort of hiv-infected patients who are virologically-controlled (plasma hiv rna \<50 copies / ml) either spontaneously (i.e. hiv controllers or post-treatment controllers) or after they started antiretroviral therapy at different time points (i.e. at the acute or chronic phases), as compared with a control group (i.e. uninfected healthy blood donors).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: general criteria: * age \>=18 years * man or woman * infected with hiv-1 (and not co-infected with hiv-2) * followed at orleans' regional hospital * patient belonging to one of the predefined cohorts/groups (see below) * patient having provided a written consent specific profiles of hiv-infected patients for the atgalig-hiv study: cohort a: patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (hiv rna \<50 copies / ml for at least 4 years) initiated during the chronic phase, divided into 2 groups according to the following criteria: * group a1: cd4 count less than 500 cells / ml at the time of inclusion in the study * group a2: cd4 count above 500 cells / ml at the time of inclusion in the study cohort b: patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (hiv rna \<50 copies / ml for at least 4 years) initiated since the primary-infection (within 4 months after acute infection) cohort c: patients with detectable hiv rna, naïve of antiretroviral, but who have an indication to start antiretroviral therapy, divided into the following 3 groups: * group c1: hiv diagnosis made during primary infection (within 4 months of infection) * group c2: hiv diagnosis made during the chronic phase (more than 1 year after contamination), with cd4 count above 200 cells/ml at the time of inclusion in the study * group c3: hiv diagnosis made during the chronic phase (more than 1 year after contamination), with cd4 count less than 200 cells/ml at the time of inclusion in the study cohort d: patients who have undetectable plasma hiv rna (hiv rna \<50 copies / ml ) without antiretroviral therapy, either spontaneously (hiv controllers or elite controllers) or after treatment interruption (post-treatment controllers) exclusion criteria: * patient unable, according to the investigator, to meet the requirements of the protocol * pregnant or lactating woman * patient with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, intestinal ischemia, malabsorption or other gastrointestinal dysfunction that, in the judgment of the investigator, could interfere with the interpretation of the results. * presence of coagulation abnormality or unexplained bleeding history * treatment with oral or injectable anticoagulant (curative or preventive) * patient covered by article l.1121-5 to l.1121-8 and l.1122-1-2 of the french public health code (including minors and protected adults) * patient under guardianship or curatorship * patient who uncovered by french health insurance patient participating in another clinical trial, evaluating a treatment

Keywords: antiretroviral therapy basal autophagy galig gene hiv apoptosis