the effect of birth ball and perineal massage on perineal pain, perineal trauma and birth satisfaction

Conditions: Perineal Pain; Birth Satisfaction; Perineal Laceration, Tear, or Rupture During Delivery

Summary: one of the important causes of perineal trauma is perineal tension. by reducing this tension, perineal trauma can be prevented. perineal trauma is a birth complication that can be prevented with midwifery approaches. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of birth ball and perineal massage on perineal pain, perineal trauma and labor satisfaction in the intrapartum period.

perineal trauma is the disruption of perineal integrity that develops in the genital area at birth and occurs spontaneously or as a result of surgical intervention. one of the important causes of perineal trauma is perineal tension. perineal traumas can be prevented by reducing this tension.birth ball and perineal massage are recommended approaches to prevent perineal trauma from the active phase. as a result of these approaches, an increase in birth satisfaction, an increase in quality of life, a decrease in perineal pain and continuity of communication between mother and baby are provided.massage is started by applying a lubricant to the hands and the fingers are placed into the vagina until the first knuckle. the thumb and index fingers are moved in a "u" shape by pressing the rectum and the tension of the perineal muscles is reduced. in the positive birth experience booklet published by the world health organization, it recommends perineal massage in the second stage of labor to facilitate vaginal delivery and reduce perineal trauma. at a high level of evidence, perineal massage is recommended to prevent third and fourth degree perineal trauma. perineal trauma care is a condition that increases the cost of delivery, and perineal massage reduces the cost of care and provides quality midwifery care.the use of a birth ball in the intrapartum period increases uterine blood flow, relaxes the muscles and thus reduces pain. its use is recommended because of its effects on the birth process such as completing the engagement of the fetal head, shortening the duration of the latent phase and increasing the comfort of labor. in addition, the movement of the mother on the birth ball increases the flexibility of the perineal muscles and reduces the risk of perineal trauma. the use of a birth ball is recommended in the first and second stages of labor.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * between 18-35 years old * active phase * multipar * singleton pregnancy * no risky pregnancy * no complications for vaginal delivery * gestational week between 37-42 * the amniotic membrane has not opened * no perineal scar tissue * the anterior cephalic position of the fetal head * can speak and understand turkish * pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study exclusion criteria: * macrosomic fetus (birth weight over 4000 grams according to ultrasound calculation) * vaginal infection and/or sexually transmitted disease research termination criteria * cesarean section decision following trauma (due to fetal distress etc.) * pregnant women who develop complications during labor (instrumental delivery, etc.) * pregnant women who wish to withdraw from work

Keywords: birth satisfaction perineal trauma birth ball the effect of perineal massage the effect of birth ball