Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
comparative effectiveness research study of peripheral arterial disease (pad)

Conditions: Peripheral Arterial Disease; Claudication

Summary: the specific aim of this study is to prospectively compare outcomes (functional, quality of life, risk-adjusted clinical event) of medical management, surgical or endovascular (angioplasty or stent placement) interventions for the treatment of claudication caused by peripheral arterial disease. this study will test two major hypotheses; hypothesis 1: at 12-months, surgical interventions are associated with greater improvements in function, claudication symptoms, and health-related quality of life (hrqol) than endovascular procedures or medical management. hypothesis 2: at 12-months, surgical and endovascular interventions are associated with greater improvements in function, claudication symptoms, and hrqol than medical management.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. diagnosis of claudication 2. be undergoing one of three treatments for claudication: * surgical bypass (use of synthetic or endogenous (vein) or composite graft to treat lesions in the superficial femoral, common femoral or popliteal artery) * endovascular therapy (angioplasty and/or stent to treat lesions in the superficial femoral, common femoral or popliteal artery) * medical management (i.e. smoking cessation, walking therapy, long-term monitoring by physician) exclusion criteria: 1. those with documented acute ischemia, rest pain or ulceration 2. those with claudication determined to be of aortic or iliac origin 3. those with claudication that is not caused by atherosclerotic disease 4. those without access to a telephone or internet and are unwilling to participate in surveys by mail at home (assess in patient screen) 5. those who otherwise refuse to participate (assessed in patient screen) 6. those who have a diagnosis of dementia confirmed in their medical record 7. those who are not english speaking 8. children and young adults up to and including age 20-years

Keywords: peripheral arterial disease claudication comparative effectiveness research pad study pad atherosclerosis intermittent claudication leg pain
cough sensitivity and taste preferences

Conditions: Smoking

Summary: this single-site, within-subject, experimental study is designed to test the hypothesis children who live in a household in which one or both of their parent smoke will exhibit a higher cough threshold and will prefer more intense sweet tastes than children who live in a household where neither parent smokes. subjects will include at least 50 racially and ethnically diverse, healthy children aged 10 to 17 years (a critical time for experimenting with tobacco) and a parent. the sample will comprise two groups: non-environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposed (neither the child nor parents has ever smoked or been exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) in the home), and ets-exposed (the parent has smoked at least 3 cigarettes per day for at least five years in the home, with the child living in the home continuously). cough sensitivity will be measured using a standard single-inhalation challenge, a test of the minimum concentration of capsaicin (the spicy chemical in hot peppers) needed to elicit cough. sweet taste preferences will be measured using a forced-choice paired comparison method of liquids which differ in sucrose content. measures of breath carbon monoxide will validate the smoking status of parents and their adolescent children. the key comparison will be between non-ets exposed and ets-exposed children, with the difference between smoking and non-smoking parents as a positive control. because smoking and non-smoking families may differ in ways besides tobacco exposure, the investigators will obtain health histories (with a focus on respiratory illness), smoking histories, measures of body weight, diet, and responses to personality tests (including susceptibility to addiction). the investigators will also obtain genomic dna from saliva samples. genes for chemosensory receptors that are part of the cough reflex pathway and genotype may account for aspects of cough sensitivity.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy adults and children of both genders will be studied. * ages of children will range from 10 to 17 years. exclusion criteria: * subjects with a current respiratory illness of any type (including current infection or infection within the last month, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis of any type, or any other breathing issue). * subjects who report that they have a history of asthma or other chronic respiratory condition. * subjects who report unusual sensitivity to environmental odors (e.g., reactive airways, multiple chemical sensitivity). * subjects who report that they have a history or allergic reactions to foods and/or chemicals. * subject who report that they are diabetic, or on any medication, with exception of birth control pills (for mothers only).

Keywords: cough tobacco smoke exposure
functional electrical stimulation in chronic ankle instability

Conditions: Joint Instability; Ankle Sprains; Sport Injury

Summary: individuals with chronic ankle instability (cai) display neuromuscular deficits such as altered control of posture and gait when compared with healthy controls. these deficits may be attributed to muscle inhibition occurring after a surrounding joint structure has been damaged. functional electrical stimulation (fes) is the application of high-intensity intermittent electrical stimuli to generate muscle contractions that may overcome inhibition, and which is coupled with a functional task such as gait. the current study aims to investigate the short and immediate effects of fes on gait parameters and postural control in subjects with cai. prior to intervention, treadmill gait will be evaluated using a motion analysis system, and postural control will be evaluated in a series of tests that measure balance, reaction time to ankle perturbation and stabilization ability after jump-landing. then, a 20 minutes gait training with an fes device will be applied. immediate effects of the training on gait parameters will be assessed. for medium-term effects evaluation, subjects will return for additional 7 training sessions (2 per week for 4 weeks), following by a complete measurements acquisition as prior to intervention. at six months follow-up, subjects will be contacted for collecting subjective outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. a history of at least one significant ankle sprain: 1. at least 12 months prior to participating in the study 2. was characterized by inflammatory symptoms (i.e. pain and swelling) 3. caused at least one day of decreased physical activity 2. at least 3 months since the last acute ankle sprain that results in inflammatory symptoms and at least one interrupted day of desired physical activity. 3. history of the previously injured ankle 'giving way' at least twice during the last 6 months, and/or 'feelings of instability' and/or recurrent sprain. 4. being able to bear full weight on the injured lower extremity with no more than mild discomfort. 5. scoring\<24 in the cumberland ankle instability tool (cait) exclusion criteria: 1. a history of previous surgeries to a musculoskeletal structure in either lower limb. 2. a history of a fracture requiring re-alignment 3. any acute injury to a lower limb in the last 3 months.

Keywords: chronic ankle instability rehabilitation neuromuscular control gait electrical stimulation
a comparison of methods to detect polyps during colonoscopy

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer

Summary: colorectal cancer (crc) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in western countries. colonoscopy is a preferred colorectal screening modality since it has both diagnostic and therapeutic capability. detection and removal of polyps at colonoscopy decreases the incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer. typical practice is to insert the colonoscope rapidly until it reaches the cecum (a pouch-like portion of the intestines, where the large bowel and the small bowel meet). the physician then withdraws the colonoscope slowly and looks for any polyps or abnormalities within the large bowel. the purpose of this study is to compare this standard practice to the approach whereby the physician examines the bowel as the scope is initially inserted and as the colonoscope is withdrawn from patients' colons.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients * patients able to provide an informed consent * patients undergoing colonoscopy exclusion criteria: * pregnant women * patients with familial adenomatous polyposis syndromes (fap) * patients with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome (hnpcc) * patients who have undergone previous surgical resection of the colon * patients who have been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease

Keywords: colonoscopy adenoma detection polyps
the effect of mask combined with high flow oxygen on preoxygenation during induction of general anesthesia in obese patients

Conditions: Obese

Summary: there is a risk of airway-related incidents during anaesthesia associated with obesity. high-flow nasal oxygen is advocated for perioperative preoxygenation in obese patients to reduce airway adverse reactions. however, there have been no reports on whether smoking behaviors have an impact on obese men's apnoeic oxygenation with high-flow nasal.this study compared the effects of smoking on the duration of safe apnoea times in obese males.

all patients were were divided into two groups based on smoking status: smokers(s groups), and never smokers(ns groups). those in the smoking group were current smokers, while those in the nonsmoking group had never smoked. both groups of patients were induced with intravenous anesthesia and received 5 minutes of high flow nasal oxygen (60 l min) prior to induction.after induction of anaesthesia, the patients were apnoeic until peripheral oxygen saturation decreased to 95 %.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. participants ranged in age from 18 to 80 with bmi≥30 kg/m2. 2. participants are male obese patients undergoing elective non-thoracic surgery exclusion criteria : 1. patients were kept awake during the intubation due to cervical spine pathology. 2. patients with unstable hemodynamics. 3. patients with airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis. 4. patients with upper respiratory infection and nasal blockage. 5. patients with hypersensitivity to the drug.

Keywords: high-flow nasal oxygen obese men smoking
reverse axillary mapping in breast radiation treatment planning

Conditions: Breast Cancer; Lymphedema

Summary: the goal of this prospective study is to investigate the role of axillary reverse mapping (arm) in radiation therapy planning of patients with breast cancer. lymphedema is a common side effect after surgery and radiation therapy for breast cancer. the use of arm is becoming more routine in surgery to differentiate the upper extremity lymphatics (uels) from the breast axillary drainage to preferentially spare the uels and reduce the rates of lymphedema.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * de novo presentation of post-operative (lumpectomy or mastectomy) female breast cancer patients to receive radiation to the whole breast or chest wall and the regional nodes. patients who have received a sentinel lymph node (sln) biopsy or an axillary lymph node dissection (alnd) will be eligible. * greater than or equal to 18 years of age (no upper age limit). * informed consent obtained. exclusion criteria: * prisoners. * patients with metastatic breast cancer. * documented allergy to iodinated contrast * prior breast or axillary surgeries or radiation.

Keywords: lymphedema axillary reverse mapping breast cancer
coronary and structural interventions ulm - transcatheter mitral valve repair (csi-ulm-tmvr)

Conditions: Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Summary: to evaluate the long-term results after transcatheter mitral valve repair

patients with transcatheter mitral valve repair are followed for 10 years to demonstrate efficacy and safety.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mitral valve regurgitation * transcatheter mitral valve repair exclusion criteria: * no written informed consent
use of intrathecal fentanyl and development of hyperalgesia in patients undergoing elective cesarean

Conditions: Complications; Cesarean Section

Summary: opioid analgesic drugs are the main treatment of patients during anesthesia. although highly effective, their use is not without problems. one is the increasing requirement of these address the same nociceptive stimulus. opioid induced hyperalgesia could be an explanation studies in animal models. through mechanisms where n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, glutamatergic system disturbances and changes in intracellular calcium regulation involved. the hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal opioids is controversial. the investigators propose a model study in patients undergoing cesarean section to study the secondary hyperalgesia induced based on the study of nociceptive thresholds with two methods opioids: von frey filaments and digital algometer. if intrathecal fentanyl is used in spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section, then, an increase in sensitivity will occur. this increase can be measured by von frey filaments, expressed in increased requirement clinically opioids.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pregnant 37 to 41 weeks. * american society of anesthesiologists classificationi or ii. * between 18 and 40 years. * scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in the maternity service of the clinical hospital of the catholic university. exclusion criteria: * background of high risk pregnancy. twin-pregnancy. * obesity\> 30 kg / m 2 before pregnancy. * background of psychiatric illness. * using chronic analgesic. * allergydrug used in protocol. * require general anesthesia during surgery

Keywords: anesthesia spinal and epidural adverse effect complications
a multi-center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to investigate the effect of isoprinosine in patients with aids related complex (arc)

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the objective is to determine the effect of isoprinosine (inosine pranobex) in homosexual male patients with aids related complex (arc) in delaying the onset of aids. secondly, to determine the effect of isoprinosine in decreasing the severity and/or incidence of lesser opportunistic infections and/or other conditions associated with arc.


Eligibility criteria:
exclusion criteria concurrent medication: excluded: * cardiac glycosides. patients with the following are excluded: * aids. * presenting with chronic candida infection-colo/rectal, oral/pharyngeal, cutaneous (finger/toenails) - for = or \> 3 months who have not responded to therapy. * critical illness. * hemophilia. prior medication: excluded within 1 month of study entry: * steroids. * cytotoxic immunosuppressive agents. * radiotherapy and/or systemic antiviral medication. * immunomodulators (including isoprinosine). prior treatment: excluded within 1 month of study entry: * radiotherapy. history of gout, uric acid urolithiasis, uric acid nephrolithiasis, or renal dysfunction. * lymphoid malignancy. homosexual male patients with aids related complex (arc). current iv drug abuse.

Keywords: aids-related opportunistic infections inosine pranobex homosexuality acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids-related complex
a long-term study continuing on from study 04-001-01 of an experimental medication in adults with anxiety disorder

Conditions: Anxiety Disorder

Summary: the purpose of the study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of the experimental drug, a benzodiazepine drug, in long-term use and the effects on quality of life, social and occupational functioning, sleep, and daytime sedation in subjects with anxiety disorder.

this trial is a long-term, open label, safety and efficacy study of an experimental medication in adults with generalized anxiety disorder (gad). to enroll in this study, investigators and patients must have first participated in jazz pharmaceuticals, inc. protocol 04-001-01. the study is designed for four stages that should last a total of 37 weeks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * complete study 04-001-01 * able to take the medication for 9 months * understand and sign the informed consent * comply with all study-related procedures * women of child bearing potential must have a confirmed negative urine pregnancy test * lack of clinically significant abnormalities in health exclusion criteria: * experienced any saes (serious adverse events) that were related or possibly related to study drug during participation in study 04-001-01 * early termination from study 04-001-01 * any new condition that could interfere with the evaluation of the subject, interpretation of safety data, or compliance with the protocol requirements * experiencing aes (adverse events) such that in the opinion of the investigator, per protocol, study drug administration or safe participation in this study would be precluded. * taken any disallowed medications noted in study 04-001-01 between the completion of study 04-001-01 and entry into this trial

Keywords: anxiety generalized anxiety disorder
phase 2/3, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of qpi-1007 in subjects with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion)

Conditions: Non Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Summary: this study will determine the effect of qpi-1007 on visual function in subjects with recent-onset naion and assess the safety and tolerability of intravitreal injections of qpi-1007 in this population. this study will also evaluate the structural changes in the retina following administration of qpi-1007.

this is a double masked, randomized, sham-controlled efficacy and safety study that will enroll approximately 800 subjects with recent-onset naion. subjects will be randomized into one of 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio, and assigned to receive qpi-1007 and/or a sham procedure. subjects will have a two in three (66%) chance of receiving active treatment (no sham procedure) and a one in three (33%) chance of receiving sham procedure (no active treatment). total study time involvement is approximately 12 months.

Eligibility criteria:
key inclusion criteria: * positive diagnosis of first episode of naion in the study eye with symptom onset within 14 days prior to planned study drug administration/sham procedure * best corrected visual acuity score in the study eye is better than or equal to 15 letter score, measured using the etdrs visual acuity protocol at day 1 prior to study drug administration/sham procedure. * clear ocular media and able to undergo adequate pupil dilation to allow a good fundus examination key exclusion criteria: * present use or history of any treatment for the current episode of naion, including systemic steroids, brimonidine, or traditional chinese herbal medicine * prior episode of naion in the study eye only * present use of drugs known to cause optic nerve or retinal toxicity at day 1/randomization, such as: chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, vigabatrin. subjects who need to be prescribed any of these drugs during the course of the study will be discontinued from the trial. * any medical condition, concomitant therapy, or previous incisional or laser surgery that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude ivt injection in the study eye only * clinical evidence of temporal arteritis

Keywords: naion
effects of lycium barbarum supplements on the progression of senile cataract in hong kong chinese population

Conditions: Lens Opacity

Summary: with the rapid growing aging population, age-related eye diseases including cataract are becoming more prevalent. the demand for cataract surgery and post-surgical care posed enormous financial burdens to the government. lycium barbarum contains lutein and zeaxanthin which can filter the phototoxic blue light and neutralize the reactive oxygen species, thus provide a protective effect against cataract formation. this study aims to determine the effects of lycium barbarum supplements on the progression of senile cataract in hong kong chinese elderly.

please note that a manuscript for this study is being prepared. detailed description will be provided after we come up with the final draft.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * unlikely to have cataract surgery within 3 years * presence of mild to moderate cataract in one or both eyes, graded by lens opacities classification system iii (locsiii). * logmar acuity equivalent to snellen acuity of 20/63 or better * no previous history and clinical signs of glaucoma by determining intraocular pressure using applanation tonometry (no more than 22mmhg) * no ocular anomalies: amblyopia, binocular anomalies, ocular trauma * no history of eye surgery, laser treatment, iritis, retinal crystalline deposits, macular degeneration, or optic nerve diseases * no extended use of systemic or ocular corticosteroid drugs * no concurrent participation of other systemic or ocular drug intervention study exclusion criteria: * diabetes mellitus * renal failure * fat malabsorption syndrome * intestinal surgery history * chronic diarrhea * alcoholism * use of anticoagulants * regular use of nutritional supplements such as multi-vitamin, mineral and other antioxidant supplements (including omega-3)
point-of-care ultrasound in prehospital dyspnea

Conditions: Dyspnea

Summary: point-of-care ultrasound in patients with dyspnoea has been shown to alter patient treatment and the time to correct treatment when performed in emergency departments. in denmark, physician-staffed ambulances are sent to citizens with severe abcd symptoms including dyspnoea. hence, there is a potential for correct diagnostics and appropriate treatment already in the citizens' own home or en route to the hospital. this study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound in patients with dyspnoea.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \>/= 18 years * dyspnea as a dominating complaint at least one of * respiratory frequency \>25/minute * oxygen saturation \< 95% * oxygen therapy initiated exclusion criteria: * trama patients * prior enrollment