Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
effective antibiotic treatment of mrsa

Conditions: Skin Diseases, Infectious

Summary: to evaluate the effective duration (in days) to clinical improvement of outpatient antibiotic regimens in the treatment of superficial abscesses caused by mrsa in patients that present to the emergency department.

skin and soft tissue infections-cellulitis, furuncles, carbuncles, and abscesses-make up approximately 1-2% of emergency room visits annually. while abscesses are generally incised and drained, there is no definite standard treatment regimen or duration of treatment that practitioners have adhered to regarding antibiotic use. historical evidence suggests that antibiotics may not be necessary for simple superficial abscesses, though a number of antibiotics-including penicillins and cephalosporins-may be used for treatment of large and/or complicated abscesses. these antibiotics however are ineffective against what is becoming an increasingly common pathogen- community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa). at our institution, it is estimated that 60-70% (unpublished observation) of cultured abscesses are caused by ca-mrsa. these patients have generally been treated with incision and drainage, with the addition of an antibiotic left to the practitioner's discretion. also, there has been no universally accepted duration of treatment established to observe clinical improvement of such abscesses. common antibiotic regimens range from 7-14 days of treatment for cellulitic infections. while there has been one prospective trial regarding the use of antibiotics in simple abscesses, there has been no published prospective study on the use of antibiotics in treating ca-mrsa abscesses in adults. furthermore, while 7-14 days of treatment seems the recommended duration of treating cellulitic infections, no study has evaluated the duration of treatment needed to observe clinical improvement of abscesses caused by ca-mrsa. we wish to prospectively evaluate the duration of treatment necessary to observe clinical improvement of abscesses caused by ca-mrsa among multiple different antibiotics (ie. cephalexin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) after standard incision and drainage in patients presenting to the emergency department.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients age 18 and older, presenting to the emergency department with an abscess with a diameter greater than three centimeters * informed consent exclusion criteria: * patients who are presumed to have community-acquired pathogens * under 18 * abscess less than three centimeters in diameter

Keywords: cellulitis furuncles carbuncles abscess
tracking a tactile signal along the nervous system

Conditions: Stroke; Tactile Perception

Summary: quantify the flow of a tactile signal from the stimulus at the finger at the peripheral nervous system (pns), to the central nervous system (cns), and to cognitive perception at the brain in young adults (aim 1) and individuals with and without stroke (aim 2).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: -right-hand dominance for participants who are neurotypical for aim 1: -age range of 18-23 for aim 2: * participants who are neurotypical will be a similar age to the participants with stroke * participants who are neurotypical will have no musculoskeletal and neurological conditions * participants with stroke will have a single stroke incident resulting in a unilateral lesion (ischemic and hemorrhagic) * participants with stroke will be in the chronic phase (\>1 year from stroke onset) * participants with stroke will have an onset of stroke after the age of 18 * participants with stroke who meet the criteria of having the capacity to provide informed consent, regardless of aphasia exclusion criteria: * minors * pregnant women * prisoners * adults not capable of consenting on their own behalf. for aim 2: * participants with stroke who have used antispastic injections in the past six months * participants with stroke who have a lesion in the brainstem and/or cerebellum * participants with stroke who have a stroke arising due to brain surgery * participants with stroke who have hemineglect
study of oral conditions in indigenous populations in the state of roraima - brazil

Conditions: Diagnosis, Oral; Periodontal Diseases; Caries, Dental

Summary: the objective of this cross - sectional observational study will be to evaluate the oral conditions of indigenous people in the state of roraima, comparing habits and hygiene conditions in each ethnicity evaluated. this project was submitted to the coordination of the yanomami indigenous special sanitary district, the condisi presidency and the casai leadership. around 200 indigenous people from the aforementioned ethnic groups, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 75 years, will be evaluated

the indigenous population, as well as the non-indigenous population, has been plagued by oral diseases throughout its history. within the population in general, periodontal diseases exhibit great expressiveness, they appear as the most common chronic diseases, but in the indigenous population there is a certain epidemiological invisibility. in this population there is a shortage in the studies, some of these show that the higher prevalences of insertion level and depth of probing occur in individuals with more advanced age and that they are afflicted with periodontal diseases. the objective of this cross - sectional observational study will be to evaluate the oral conditions of indigenous people in the state of roraima, comparing habits and hygiene conditions in each ethnicity evaluated. this project was submitted to the coordination of the yanomami indigenous special sanitary district, the condisi presidency and the casai leadership. around 200 indigenous people from the aforementioned ethnic groups, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 75 years, will be evaluated, with voluntary participation and by means of the signature of the free and informed consent form of the same or its person in charge. due to the difficulties encountered in the indigenous communities in relation to the distance from health care, where there are no care centers near their residence and thus not obtaining the information necessary for basic health care, with the aggravation of contact with the culture. indigenous people with often deleterious eating habits, we expect to find a population with many oral health problems, such as periodontal disease, dental caries and tooth loss. the insufficiency of studies with appropriate methodology gives the indigenous peoples of latin america an epidemiological invisibility that impairs the production of knowledge about oral health conditions and the elaboration of strategies to prevent oral diseases and promote health in these populations.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * individuals of the macuxi, yanomami and wapixana ethnic groups aged between 18 and 75 years exclusion criteria: * individuals who have included periodontal treatment in the last 6 months; * hospitalized with antibiotic therapy in the last 6 months; * who need medication for clinical evaluation and * total edentulous individuals.

Keywords: indians, south american periodontal disease dental caries
evaluating a shortened version of the incredible years (iy) basic programme in a non-clinical community sample

Conditions: Parenting Behavior; Child Behavior Problems

Summary: aim of study: to evaluate the effects of the shortened version of the incredible years (iy) basic programme, the study which the parents were recruited to. a randomising experimental control between-group design was used with pre- and post-intervention measurements, and a one-year, four-year and ten-year follow-up. children and families were randomized to either the shortened basic version (n = 89), or the control group (n = 97).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * no diagnosable behavior problems in child exclusion criteria: * diagnosable behavior problems in child

Keywords: harsh discipline parental competence positive parenting
a study to test 2 doses of gsk biologicals' oral live attenuated human rotavirus (hrv) vaccine in healthy infants

Conditions: Infections, Rotavirus

Summary: the main objectives of this study are to determine vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus (rv) gastroenteritis (ge) during the period starting from 2 weeks after dose 2 until two years of age and to determine the safety of gsk biologicals' hrv vaccine with respect to definite intussusception (is) within 31 days (day 0-day 30) after each hrv vaccine dose.

the study has two groups: group hrv and group placebo. two oral doses administered to healthy infants who are 6-12 weeks of age in hongkong and taiwan or 11-17 weeks of age in singapore, according to a 0, 1 to 2-month schedule. routine vaccinations are given concomitantly with the study vaccines at 2 or 3 and 4 months of age according to each local country regulation. whenever opv is used, a minimum 2-week interval should be observed between hrv vaccine and opv doses.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy infants 6-12 or 11-17 weeks of age at the time of dose 1 whose parent/guardian sign a written informed consent and whose parents/guardians can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol. exclusion criteria: * use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine(s) within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine or placebo, or planned use during the study period. * chronic administration of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs since birth. * child is unlikely to remain in the study area during study. * any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. * history of allergic disease or reaction likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine. * administration of immunoglobulins and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period. * any clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease including any uncorrected congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract or other serious medical condition as determined by the investigator. * first or second degree of consanguinity of parents.
treatment of medial compartmental osteoarthritis grade 1-4 with tomofix™ small or conservatively

Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Knee; Osteonecrosis

Summary: the primary objective of this prospective multicenter study is to assess whether the functional outcome measured with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (koos) for patients with medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of the knee treated with open wedge high tibial osteotomy (hto) using the tomofix™ small is better than the functional outcome after conservative treatment.

osteoarthritis (oa) of the knee (gonarthrosis) is a common medical condition and causes pain and disability. by 65 years of age, the majority of the us population has radiographic evidence of oa and 11% have symptomatic oa of the knee. in japan, oa of the knee is more common due to the common sitting style with maximally flexed knees and parallel position of both legs. high tibial osteotomy (hto) for knee oa is a standard procedure in orthopedic surgery. six years ago, hto using tomofix™ was introduced. because asian people have different geometric dimensions of the tibiae, an adaptation of size and shape was necessary, and the new tomofix™ small was developed. although there is widespread literature concerning osteotomy for treating knee oa, literature assessing patient outcome after open wedge hto using tomofix™ is rare and for tomofix™ small, this data is still nonexistent. therefore, the primary aim of the present multicenter study is to evaluate patient functional outcome using the koos. since a proportion of patients with the indication for hto refuse surgery and opt to receive conservative treatment, the functional results of patients treated with hto using tomofix™ small will be compared with these patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 40 years of age and older * patients with oa grade 1-4 (kellgren-lawrence) or osteonecrosis (on) stage 2-4 (according to the koshino classification) * indication for open wedge hto with the tomofix™ small * no ligamental laxity * signed written informed consent (by the subjects or legal guardian) and agreement to attend all planned follow-ups * willing and able to comply with the postoperative management program * able to understand and read country national language at an elementary level exclusion criteria: * femoro-tibial angle (fta) \> 185o (standing view x-ray) * flexion contracture \> 15o * total knee replacement or unicompartmental knee on the contralateral side * infections located between the middle of the femur and the ankle * systemic bacterial infections * severe osteoarthritis or surgery of the hip joint * smoking of more than 20 cigarettes per day * immunodeficiency or compromised host * patients who have participated in any other device or drug related clinical trial within the previous month * acl/pcl reconstruction of the same knee * severe osteoarthritis of the ipsilateral ankle joint for conservative group only: * hto on the contralateral side * major surgery on both knees (minor surgery as arthroscopic meniscectomy and synovectomy is allowed)

Keywords: knee osteoarthritis knee osteonecrosis osteotomy
defining the physiological mechanisms of risk genes for hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

Summary: recent genetic association studies have identified variants in the peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase (pam) gene that increase the risk of diabetes likely through a defect in beta-cell function. this has been followed up and supported by novel kinetic assays and cellular studies. this investigation will recall heterozygous carriers of the risk allele at rs78408340 and age, bmi and gender matched controls from the oxford biobank. the study will compare the incretin effect, glucagon-like peptide-1(glp-1), insulin, glucose levels and pam protein activity in individuals both with and without the risk variant. the aim of the study is to gain mechanistic insight into the effect of the variant on human physiology and diabetes pathogenesis.

note: the study will utilize an adaptive study design with an interim analysis at 40 volunteers (20 v 20) with the possibility of adding an additional 20 volunteers to the study (10 v 10) if the criteria for futility or clear effect are not met. the criteria are; stop and reject null hypothesis if t \> 2.490 and stop and accept null hypothesis if t \< 1.033. if the t falls between these values an additional 20 volunteers (10 v10) will be recruited. the decision to stop or additional volunteers will be based on the incretin effect (primary outcome).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult, age 30-65 inclusive, healthy, appropriate genotype * mental capacity to consent exclusion criteria: * demographics: \ 65 years old * medical history: bariatric surgery, surgery on gut/ stomach; history of recent significant weight loss (\>10% of weight in last year); known cardiovascular disease * medications: currently prescribed glucose-lowering medication, oral/iv corticosteroid treatment, any medication effecting gastric motility or glucose metabolism

Keywords: type 2 diabetes risk
detection of pprom with amnisure pamg-1 rapid immunoassay

Conditions: Preterm Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes

Summary: the investigators will test the hypothesis that in a preterm population with a gestational age of 16+0 and 36+6 weeks amnisure pamg-1 rapid immunoassay will be more accurate than conventional methods (speculum examination for combination of pooling, nitrazine and ferning) for the detection of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (prom).

prior studies of amnisure have included a heterogeneous population of women with preterm and term pregnancies.10-12 no study to date has specifically addressed and been powered to detect the efficacy of amnisure in pregnancies between 16+0 and 36+6 weeks. the objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the usefulness of amnisure pamg-1 rapid immunoassay in the evaluation of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (pprom) compared to standard detection of pprom with a speculum examination for combination of pooling, nitrazine and ferning.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * women presenting to assessment at the labour and delivery unit at ruh with suspected pprom between 16+0 and 36+6 weeks gestation * consent to enrollment exclusion criteria: * vaginal bleeding * active labor (cervical dilation \> 2 cm or effacement \> 80%) * multiple pregnancy * fetal anomalies * placenta previa * fluid loss per vagina \> 7 days * prior inclusion in the study

Keywords: placental alpha microglobulin-1 amnisure preterm rupture of fetal membranes
esp versus pifb for analgesia in open cardiac surgery: a randomized control trial

Conditions: Analgesia

Summary: this clinical trial compares analgesia efficiency and recovery outcomes between two different fascial plane block techniques (espb vs.pifb) in cardiac surgery patients participant population/health conditions\]. the main questions it aims to answer are: * does espb provide superior analgesia than pifb * do patients who receive espb have better recovery outcomes

regional nerve blocks, including pecto-intercostal block (pifb) and erector spinae plane block (espb), can provide a certain level of analgesia for thoracic and cardiac surgeries. this study focuses on patients undergoing their first conventional sternotomy for cardiac surgery. they are randomly assigned to receive either pifb or espb for pain relief. comparisons are made between the two groups for postoperative 48-hour analgesic medication requirements, static and dynamic postoperative pain scores, improvements in postoperative respiratory function, quality of life index (qol15), and other clinically relevant prognostic indicators.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults patients, elective and first-time cardiac surgery patients undergoing traditional sternotomy. procedures include coronary artery bypass surgery, valve repair or replacement surgery, atrial and ventricular septal defect repair surgery, and other open-heart surgeries. exclusion criteria: * 1. emergency surgery 2. anticipated combined major aortic vascular surgery 3. already admitted to the icu or on a ventilator before surgery.

Keywords: erector spinae plane block pecto-intercostal plane block cardiac surgery
evaluation of two types of prp in knee osteoarthritis

Conditions: Osteoarthrosis

Summary: oosteoarthritis (oa) is a chronic joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of cartilage and bone tissue, leading to the appearance of subchondral cysts, osteophyte formation and synovial inflammation. although the causes of oa are still poorly understood, biomechanical stresses able to reach the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, biochemical changes in cartilage and synovial membrane, as well as genetic factors are important items in its pathogenesis. although there is no cure for oa, treatment is directed to each individual patient, seeking to minimize pain, maintain or improve joint range of motion and limit disability. new therapies able to accelerate regeneration and tissue repair process are being discussed. the viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid (ha) have been shown to be an effective and safe treatment alternative in the fight against knee oa, in addition to ha, worth highlighting the therapeutic effects of growth factors derived from autologous platelets. the platelet-rich plasma (prp) appears as an autologous therapy, non-immunogenic, able to induce healing and repair of bone soft tissue. this study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy, comparing treatment with prp and the combination of ha and prp in the treatment of knee oa. to this, 120 will be selected oa patients with mild, moderate and severe (grade ii, iii and iv). selected patients will be scheduled for the procedures and randomly assigned randomly. in prp be determined concentrations of the growth factor pdgf, tgfb 1, vegf, egf, by the method bio plex®.\\. functional evaluations will be conducted through questionnaires (womac and sf-36) as measures of function and quality of self-reported life. the walking and strength test will be performed before and during periods of 90.180 and 360 days after the first application. the main motivation for the development of this study is the lack of randomized, double-blind clinical studies in the literature, and also based on the favorable results researchers have obtained, both with the use of ha, as the use of prp in accelerating the process scar, preventing the development of arthrosis above. therefore, we believe that the prp, with its growth factors associated with synthetic ha play a synergistic action that should be studied in detail, in order to establish an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of patients with knee oa.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: patients with osteoarthrits exclusion criteria: * diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, axial deviation (varus\> 10 degrees valgus\> 10 degrees), blood disorders (coagulopathy and platelet changes), cardiovascular diseases, infections, immunosuppression, patients on anticoagulant therapy or antiplatelet use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 5 days before blood collection, patients with hemoglobin concentrations \<11 and platelet count \<150,000 mm³.