online psychological treatment for rat phobia guided by a virtual assistant

Conditions: Specific Phobia; Anxiety Disorder

Summary: the research work proposes an exposure treatment through a virtual therapeutic assistant called thera, that interacts verbally with the patient, to guide and control exposure therapies for phobias to small animals delivered through several channels at the same time that it analyzes the physiological records of the patient in real-time to determine their emotional state during the intervention. in this study it is proposed to evaluate the efficacy of a self-applied treatment where the virtual assistant allows to gradually guide an exposure treatment for rat phobias, taking advantage of intelligent devices for patient monitoring and being considered to determine the progress of the treatment.

specific phobias are a common disorder that deteriorates the lives of people who suffer from them. exposure therapies have been shown to reduce the symptoms produced. however, low- and middle-income countries have the lowest rate of treatment for specific phobia due to multiple barriers that prevent approaching mental health problems, such as the disparity between the number of people who need care and the availability of professionals who can provide psychological services. to reduce the gap in the treatment of mental health problems in low and middle-income countries, the use of internet-based interventions has been proposed since they reduce the cost, the availability of the service, the waiting time, and they can be guided by a minimum amount of therapeutic care, which allows a greater number of people to receive treatment. among the most effective proposals that have emerged to carry out psychological interventions for specific phobia are self-applied treatments. however, one of the main challenges posed by self-administered interventions in reducing the dropout rate of participants, since it is difficult to engage participants, which leads to attrition and non-completion of treatment. therefore, it is necessary to consider elements that are attractive and motivate the participants to engage with the treatment. one option to increase patient's adherence could be a virtual therapist assistant that is an application focused on the area of health therapies that uses interaction with the user based on voice commands, it requires a reduced cognitive learning load and are accessible to most of the people. the content of the intervention will be self-applied through a web application including the guidance of a virtual therapist assistant. in order to integrate the benefits that internet-based interventions provides and the assistance of a virtual therapist to guide and personalize the progress of the treatment according to the user. the study will have two groups : 1) experimental, where the participants carry out the self-applied treatment for rat phobia supported by the virtual therapist assistant; and 2) control, where participants are on a waiting list and afterwards receive the treatment. the group assignment of participants will be randomized. participants in both groups will be measured pre and post the intervention. the measurements to be obtained are the following: fear scale. anxiety scale. sense of presence and judgment of reality. user's satisfaction. perception of utility and ease of use. patient improvement scale.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. meet the diagnostic criteria for specific phobia towards rats (with a mild to moderate symptomatology). 2. have basic digital knowledge and skills (computer and internet use). 3. have the necessary technological devices: email, computer / laptop, smartphone, microphone, internet connection, and bluetooth. 4. sign the informed consent. exclusion criteria: 1. receiving another type of psychological or psychopharmacological treatment. 2. being diagnosed with another type of anxiety disorder or some psychopathology. 3. present any medical condition that puts the life of the person at risk (eg. heart disease, respiratory disease, pregnancy, among others).

Keywords: virtual therapeutic assistant small animal phobia exposure therapy self-applied treatment serious games 360º videos