long-term use of galantamine versus nootropics (memory enhancing drugs) in patients with alzheimer's dementia under conditions of daily routine

Conditions: Dementia; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia, Vascular

Summary: the main objective of this non-interventional study was to document the long-term application of galantamine and nootropics (memory enhancing drugs) over a period of 1 year under conditions of daily routine. there were no predefined specifications of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. the decision for treatment with either galantamine or a nootropic had to be made by the treating physician prior to the start of documentation. the following measures were to be documented: safety, tolerability, dementia-associated symptoms (unstable walking, vertigo, awakening at night, shouting/screaming at night, perambulating at night, aggressiveness, agitation, apathy/social retreat, delusions, hallucinations, behavior that poses a risk to self or others, and daytime tiredness), frequency of admissions to nursing homes or nursing services, global functional level, caregiver's burden, and time spent on caregiving. furthermore, this study aimed to gather knowledge on the differentiated use of the two treatment strategies considering the specific diagnosis of dementia (e.g. alzheimer's disease only or mixed dementia, i.e. alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease) and risk profiles.

the aim of this observational, non-interventional study was to observe and document for a 1-year period, the long-term use of galantamine and nootropics (memory enhancing drugs) over a 1 year period under conditions of daily routine in a typical patient population of patients with mild or moderate alzheimer's dementia or with mixed dementia, i.e. alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease. the design of this prospective study was non-interventional and thus, there were no predefined specifications of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. the decision for treatment with either galantamine or a nootropic agent had to be made by the treating physician prior to the start of documentation. patients were observed over a period of 12 months or until end of documentation (visit 1 = baseline; visit 2, 3 and 4 after approximately 2, 6 and 9 months, respectively; visit 5 after approximately 12 months or final visit at end of documentation). the following measures were to be documented: safety by documenting adverse and serious adverse events together with severity, outcome and causality to the treatment; tolerability; vital functions; global deterioration scale (gds) staging system assessing global functioning; mini-mental state examination assessing cognitive functions; dementia-associated behavioural symptoms (unstable walking, vertigo, awakening at night, shouting/screaming at night, perambulating at night, aggressiveness, agitation, apathy/social retreat, delusions, hallucinations, behavior that poses a risk to self or others, and daytime tiredness); frequency of admissions to nursing homes or nursing services; caregiver's burden and time spent on caregiving (based on daily and weekly caregiving tasks); final evaluation of the therapy with galantamine or nootropics through the treating physician. furthermore, this study aimed to gather knowledge on the differentiated use of the two treatment strategies considering the specific diagnosis of dementia (e.g. alzheimer's disease only or mixed dementia, i.e. alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease) and risk profiles. therapeutic measures were not predefined in the protocol but remained at the discretion of the treating physician. therapy decisions were to be based on medical needs. the treatment regimen of galantamine (8 mg,16 mg, 24 mg retard capsule) or nootropic agents (e.g. ginkgo biloba, dihydroergotoxine, nicergoline, piracetam, or others) was to be in accordance with the recommendations given in the summary of product characteristics (smpc).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients were selected for documentation after the decision of treatment (galantamine or nootropic) had been made by the treating physician. patients documented in this study were required to meet the following selection criteria: diagnosis of probable mild or moderate dementia: alzheimer type or mixed dementia (alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease) * mini-mental-state examination score = 24 at baseline (visit 1), if possible * monotherapy with either galantamine or nootropic (the decision for treatment with either galantamine or a nootropic had to be made by the treating physician prior to the start of documentation) * patient had a caregiver to whom personal contact was possible at least 3 times per week exclusion criteria: * patients were not eligible if they had received anti-dementive treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or the same nootropic used during the observational period within the last 12 weeks prior to baseline

Keywords: dementia galantamine cholinesterase inhibitors nootropic agents alzheimer vascular dementia cognitive symptoms behavioural symptoms care giving times