Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
a neurocognitive model of anorexia nervosa

Conditions: Anorexia Nervosa

Summary: the purpose of this study is to investigate thought processes and neural mechanisms that may contribute to the development of habitual behaviors. the investigators hypothesize that patients with an will perform differently than people without eating disorders on a series of neuropsychological tasks and will show different neural activation patterns in functional neuroimaging scans.

patients with anorexia nervosa (an) have extreme difficulty changing their eating behavior, even when they express desire for change. these behaviors seem to override all other potential responses, and can appear perseverative, or habitual. the purpose of this study is to investigate thought processes and neural mechanisms that may contribute to the development of habitual behaviors. the investigators hypothesize that patients with an will perform differently than people without eating disorders on a series of neuropsychological tasks and will show different neural activation patterns in functional neuroimaging scans.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion: * dsm-iv-tr™ diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (restricting or binge-purge subtype), current or prior; * age 16-45; * inpatient on gcru * medically stable. exclusion: * any other current major axis i disorder (including current bulimia nervosa), except major depression; * history of concussion, seizure disorder, or other neurological illness; * history of learning disability; * acute suicidality healthy comparison group: inclusion: * no current or past psychiatric illness; * age 16-45 * no history of binge eating or vomiting; * normal weight (80%-120% ideal body weight) exclusion: * significant medical or neurologic illness(concussion, seizure disorder, learning disability, other neurological illness) * current psychotropic medication or medications known to impact cognition additional exclusion criteria for fmri: * significant claustrophobia * pregnancy * indwelling metallic object, non-removable metal jewelry, medicinal patch or recent metallic ink tattoo * for patients, current psychotropic medications (antidepressants for 2 week (prozac and antipsychotics for 4 weeks) * for patients, any other current axis i diagnosis
effectiveness of a multimodal it enhanced hand hygiene strategy on healthcare associated infections in nursing homes

Conditions: Accuracy; Compliance; Healthcare-associated Infections

Summary: this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy, enhanced with information technology (it), in reducing healthcare-associated infections (hais) in nursing homes. the goal is to improve infection prevention practices and promote a safer environment for older adults living in long-term care facilities.

hand hygiene is a key strategy for preventing healthcare-associated infections (hais), yet compliance among healthcare workers remains suboptimal due to knowledge gaps, limited resources, unfamiliarity with procedures, and poor adherence. this study aims to assess the effectiveness of an it-enhanced multimodal hand hygiene intervention in reducing hais within nursing homes, thereby improving infection control practices and promoting a safer environment for older adults in long-term care settings.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * full-time nurses or nursing assistants in the participating nursing homes * proficiency in mandarin or taiwanese exclusion criteria: • confirmed or anticipated resignation

Keywords: accuracy compliance density of healthcare-associated infections information technology knowledge multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategies nursing homes
can blood flow restriction therapy improve strength and cross-sectional area for shoulder external rotators better than exercise alone?

Conditions: Can Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Augments Strength Gains in the Rotator Cuff; Muscle Weakness

Summary: this 8-week study will investigate whether the application of blood flow restriction (bfr) therapy augments rotator cuff strength in untrained individuals. this is a rct with subjects randomized to a bfr or non-bfr group. both groups will do the same training program: 1) first sitting unilateral knee extension and standing unilateral knee curls (w/ or w/o bfr; 4 sets, 30/15/15/15 reps) and 2) scaption and sidelying external rotation (no bfr for either group; 3 sets x 15 reps each).

this 8-week study will investigate whether the application of blood flow restriction (bfr) therapy augments rotator cuff strength in untrained individuals. this is a rct with subjects randomized to a bfr or a non-bfr group. both groups will perform the same training program 2 times a week over 8 weeks with one group performing the lower extremity exercises under occlusion (i.e., bfr applied to the proximal thigh of the dominant leg). prior to starting the study the subjects will have their strength assessed by a blinded physical therapist using a hand held dynamometer. the muscles assessed will be the: quadriceps, the hamstrings, the supraspinatus, and the external rotators of the shoulder. another blinded physical therapist will assess the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and the supraspinatus tendon using ultrasonography. these tests will be repeated at the conclusion of the study. subjects' training weight will be 30% of their 1 repetition max (1rm). 1rm will be determined using hand held dumbbells for the shoulder exercises and machines (knee extension, knee curl machines) for the lower extremity exercises. subjects will be randomized to either the bfr or non-bfr group. subjects in the bfr group will perform the lower extremity exercises under occlusion (i.e., bfr applied to the proximal thigh of the dominant lower extremity). both groups will perform 4 sets of each lower extremity exercise for 30/15/15/15 reps. after completing the lower extremity exercises the subjects will perform the shoulder exercises (scaption, sidelying external rotation) for 3 sets of 15 repetitions each. the shoulder exercises will not be performed with bfr in either group.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: • male or female subjects aged 18 and over exclusion criteria: * current neck, shoulder (or general upper extremity), and/or thoracic spine pathology; * shoulder surgery (or general upper extremity surgery) during the prior 6-month time period; * current lower extremity injury and/or having had a lower extremity surgery during the prior 6-month time period; * cervical/thoracic spine surgery during the prior 1-year; * subject having 1 or more contraindications for bfr training; * under the age of 18 years.

Keywords: blood flow restriction shoulder
open surgery versus corticosteroid injections in treatment of trigger finger

Conditions: Trigger Finger

Summary: the purpose of the study is to investigate which strategy is superior in trigger finger quinell grade iib-v; conventional open surgery or ultrasound guided corticosteroid injections.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * trigger finger quinell grade iib-v in digit i-v exclusion criteria: * former treatment of trigger finger in affected digit * dupuytrens contracture in affected digit * allergies or intolerance to used medications * rheumatoid arthritis * insulin dependent diabetes mellitus * amyloidosis * mucopolysaccharidosis * already included in study with another digit

Keywords: quinell grade open surgery corticosteroid injections randomized controlled trial trigger finger
safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated polio vaccine in healthy adults

Conditions: Poliomyelitis

Summary: the purpose of this trial is to determine whether the new inactivated polio vaccine that is based on attenuated poliovirus strains is safe and to evaluate the immune response in healthy adults.

the goal of this study is to assess the safety and immunogenicity of sabin-ipv and adjuvanted sabin-ipv produced with the production process set up for technology transfer by the national institute for public health and the environment (rivm, formerly the netherlands vaccine institute (nvi). * the primary objective is to evaluate safety (local and systemic reactions) of intramuscular injection with sabin-ipv and adjuvanted sabin-ipv in healthy adults (first in human). * the secondary objective is to evaluate immunogenicity of sabin-ipv and adjuvanted sabin-ipv in healthy immunized adults.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18 to 49, inclusive at the time of enrolment * in good health as determined by the outcome of medical history, physical examination screening/baseline labs and clinical judgment of the investigator * male * must have received polio vaccinations with opv according to the polish national immunization program as a child based on vaccination cards or information given by subjects during interview with investigator * preferred: number (and date) of polio vaccinations known * willingness and ability to adhere to the study regimen * having a signed informed consent form exclusion criteria: * ipv or opv booster dose after the age of 12 years * positive for hiv, hepatitis b or hepatitis c * known or suspected allergy against any of the vaccine components * history of unusual or severe reactions to any previous vaccination * known or suspected disease or use of medication that may influence the immune system * known or suspected immune deficiency * systemic treatment with corticosteroids within one month before screening * administration of plasma (including immunoglobulins) or blood products three months prior to the study * blood donation within one month before screening * any vaccination within three months before screening and during the study until the last visit * history of any neurological disorder including epilepsy or febrile seizures * evidence of excessive alcohol use or drug use * any infectious disease at the time of screening and/or inclusion * participation in another clinical trial within three months before screening * abnormal pre-treatment laboratory parameters which are clinically relevant according to the investigator * bleeding disorders or the usage of anticoagulants

Keywords: vaccination inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine polio sabin
dilute bleach baths in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis

Conditions: Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine if twice weekly 10 minute dilute bleach baths decreases disease severity in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 2-17 years of age at time of consent. a parent or legal guardian will be required to consent and authorize their enrollment in the study. * male or female of any ethnic background. * english or spanish speaking. * a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis for at least 6 months prior to enrollment. * must have moderate to severe atopic dermatitis as rated by the easi score. * able to adhere to study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. * patients and/or family members must agree to not use any other prescription or over the counter medications other than the ones prescribed by the study protocol. exclusion criteria: * clinical evidence of bacterial or viral superinfection on first visit. * have received phototherapy within 2 months prior to enrollment. * have received any systemic medication for atopic dermatitis or any that may affect evaluation of atopic dermatitis within 2 months prior to enrollment. * have a known hypersensitivity response, including anaphylaxis, to any of the topicals used for treatment (i.e. topical steroids, bleach) * participation in another clinical trial using an investigational agent or procedure. * pregnant or planning pregnancy or surgery during the participation in the study.
the efficacy of botulinum toxin alone versus combined botulinum toxin and topical diltiazem in chronic anal fissure

Conditions: Anal Fissure Chronic

Summary: anal fissure (af) is a painful tear extending from the anal canal to the dentate line. although the exact pathophysiology is not known, an increase in anal tonus, decreased ano-dermal blood flow and local ischemia are possible mechanisms. the most effective treatment modality in chronic af is lateral internal sphincterotomy however, incontinence rates are still reported as high as 8-30%. topical diltiazem and botulinum toxin (bt) injection are good alternatives to surgery with lack of persistent side effects, easy applicability, and reproducibility, however, recurrence rates were reported up to 50% for each. a combination of bt with topical diltiazem may provide better results in terms of healing and recurrence. in this retrospective analysis a comparison of bt injection alone and bt injection combined with topical diltiazem treatment was performed.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with complaints longer than 8 weeks (chronic anal fissure) * patients who completed at least 24 months of follow-up (3rd day, 10th day, 1st-month, and 2nd-month face-to-face clinic visits and 6, 12, and 24 months phone calls) * patients who received conservative treatments including topical diltiazem and nitrites exclusion criteria: * patients with previous anal surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy, hemorrhoidectomy, anal fistula) * patients with inflammatory bowel diseases * patients with accompanying anorectal disease (hemorrhoids, anal fistula, abscess) * patients who underwent botulinum toxin injection within 1 year before recruitment * patients with anterior, lateral, or multiple fissures * comorbidities (aids, sexually transmitted disease, tuberculosis, leukemia) * pregnancy * prescription of calcium canal blockers or nitrites * hypersensitivity to diltiazem or botulinum toxin * patients without anal pain

Keywords: botulinum toxin, anal fissure, diltiazem
effect of dietary phospholipids on atopic dermatitis

Conditions: Dermatitis, Atopic

Summary: the aim of the study is to investigate the influence of a milk phospholipid enriched dairy product on subjects with atopic dermatitis determining parameters of the immune status, the plasma lipid profile and the skin texture.

based on the facts, that on the one hand milk phospholipids are characterized by a high sphingolipid content and on the other hand a disturbed sphingolipid metabolism in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis was verified, a double blinded, controlled, randomized, cross-over study with a daily supplementation of 3 g milk phospholipids to subjects with a mild to moderate atopic dermatitis will be conducted. forty patients will be randomized between two groups of each 20 patients. after an individual checkup and a run-in period of 2 weeks, the one group will receive the phospholipid enriched dairy product and the second group will be given a placebo dairy product over two month. a wash out-period of 4 weeks will follow, and the patients will consume the contrary dairy products over two month after a 2-week run-in period again.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (scorad \< 30) * age: 18 - 60 years exclusion criteria: * intolerance against milk proteins * systemic medication with corticosteroids or antihistamines * immune mediated disease * atherosclerosis * hyperlipidaemia * diabetes mellitus * angina pectoris * adipositas * pregnancy and breast feeding
a study of caspofungin (mk-0991) in japanese children and adolescents with documented candida or aspergillus infections (mk-0991-074)

Conditions: Candidiasis, Esophageal; Candidiasis, Invasive; Aspergillosis

Summary: the study estimates the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of caspofungin (mk-0991) in japanese children and adolescents with documented candida or aspergillus infections.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * japanese patients in whom a causative fungus is detected before treatment with the study drug or patients with strongly suspected deep-seated fungal infection due to candida species (spp.) or aspergillus spp. exclusion criteria: * patients with mycoses other than ones due to candida spp. or aspergillus spp. * patients who will receive other systemic antifungal agents for the first time in screening period
tnf-alpha inhibition for treatment of alzheimer's disease

Conditions: Alzheimer's Disease

Summary: it is widely believed that inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of ad. tnf has been implicated in both ad and neurological inflammation. anti-tnf therapy is therefore surmised to be of potential benefit for treating ad.

etanercept, a biologic anti-tnf fusion protein, will be administered weekly or biweekly by perispinal injection to a maximum of 30 study subjects for a period of one year with serial testing of cognition and function.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * nincds-adrda criteria for alzheimer's disease * ct or mri consistent with ad exclusion criteria: * active infection * chf * demyelinating disease * uncontrolled diabetes mellitus * vascular dementia * clinically significant neurologic disease other than ad * hachinski \>4 * history of lymphoma * tbc * wbc\<2500 * platelets\<100,000 * hct\<30 * pregnancy * premenopausal, fertile not on acceptable birth control * change in neuroactive medication within 4 weeks of study initiation
evaluating oral visual inspection in the control of oral cancer

Conditions: Oral Cancer

Summary: cluster-randomized controlled trial in trivandrum district, kerala, india to evaluate the effect of triennial screening for oral cavity cancer using visual inspection on oral cancer mortality.

the study population consisted of 13 administrative regions (clusters) in trivandrum district, kerala, southern indian. 7 clusters were randomly assigned to the intervention arm (3 rounds of oral visual inspection conducted 3 years apart) and were compared to the remaining 6 clusters assigned to a control arm that received standard of care. the eligibility criteria were all healthy subjects aged 35 and older, without a personal history of oral cancer. informed consent was signed by each participant. the intervention arm consisted of 96,517 participants and the control group consisted of 95,356 participants.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: residing in 13 study clusters in trivandrum city, kerala exclusion criteria: * diagnosis with oral cancer prior to study * bedridden subjects * subjects suffering from open tuberculosis or other debilitating diseases
the efficacy of transversalis fascia plane block in pediatric inguinal hernia repair

Conditions: Inguinal Hernia

Summary: in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, postoperative pain management is frequently provided with systemic opioids use or neuraxial methods. ultrasound-guided tfp block is the preferred method to reduce the use of opioids and systemic analgesics for postoperative pain management. tfp block provides anesthesia and analgesia in the inguinal region by blocking the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided tfp block on postoperative pain scores in pediatric lower abdominal surgery.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiologist's physiologic state i-ii patients undergoing ınguinal hernia repair exclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiologist's physiologic state iii-iv
arithmetic training with the kumon method for cognition in schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of arithmetic training (with the kumon method) as an errorless learning method for improvement of cognition in schizophrenia. outpatients were included after signing an informed consent. the trial consisted of 48 sessions of arithmetic training (twice a week, for 6 months) or placebo (nonspecific recreation, 48 sessions). the patients were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery at baseline, after 6 months (end of intervention) and after 12 months after baseline. the positive and negative syndrome scale (panss) and the personal and social performance scale (psp) were applied at baseline, after 6 months (end of intervention) and 12 months after baseline. primary outcome was the performance on three cognitive domains (attention, executive functions and working memory).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * literate (≥5 years of formal education). * diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision (dsm-iv-tr). * clinically stable, with constant antipsychotic medication regimen for ≥8 weeks before screening * no hospitalizations in the last 6 months. exclusion criteria: * other axis i psychiatric disorders, substance abuse or dependence. * history of head trauma or other neurologic diseases. * severe or uncontrolled medical diseases, history of mental retardation or attendance in special-education classes, * suicide risk * participation in any other kind of psychosocial intervention.

Keywords: schizophrenia cognition arithmetic training kumon method
lung function after abdominal surgery

Conditions: Lung Function; Postoperative Complications; Abdominal Surgery

Summary: the study aims to investigate changes in lung function and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide after open and minimally invasive abdominal surgery and whether such changes can explain hypoxia after surgery. inclusion: patients undergoing surgery for abdominal surgery exclusion: dementia or cognitive impairment that makes it impossible to participate in studies. investigation: the day before surgery and the day after surgery primary outcome measures: * pulmonary function test with dynamic spirometry (vital capacity, fev1) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. * pao2, paco2 and oxygen saturation (blood gas)

postoperative hypoxia complicates 30% - 50% of abdominal surgeries. people at particular risk for postoperative pulmonary complications including severe hypoxia are those who undergo abdominal surgery, emergency surgery or have a respiratory failure due to chronic lung disease including obstructive sleep apnea. the cause of postoperative restrictive lung function and hypoxia is unknown. previous studies report that pao2 decreases by an average of 2 kpa after abdominal surgery, while paco2 is unchanged and vital capacity decreases by 35%. the study aims to investigate changes in lung function and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide after open and minimally invasive abdominal surgery and whether such changes can explain hypoxia after surgery. design: prospective cohort study inclusion: patients undergoing surgery for abdominal surgery exclusion: dementia or cognitive impairment that makes it impossible to participate in studies. method: the day before surgery and the day after surgery: lung function (vital capacity and fev1) using box and diffusion capacity measurements and blood gas measurement primary outcome measures: * pulmonary function test with dynamic spirometry (vital capacity, fev1) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. * pao2, paco2 and oxygen saturation (blood gas) other variables examined: age, sex, height, weight, type of surgery, type of anesthesia, smoking status, length of surgery, previously known lung disease.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients (18 years old and older) scheduled for surgery in the abdomen at department of surgery, urology and gynecologi, umeå university hospital. * must be able to perform a lung function test exclusion criteria: • dementia or severe cognitive impairment

Keywords: lung function diffusion capacity postoperative complications abdominal surgery