Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
female aneurysm screening study

Conditions: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Summary: an abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) is a swelling of the main blood vessel (aorta) in the abdomen. if the swelling gets too large the aorta can burst and this is usually fatal. in order to prevent rupture, aaa can be surgically repaired. this is usually carried out when the size of the aaa is more than 5.5cm in diameter as below this size, the risk of rupture is lower than the risk of surgery. aaa are usually asymptomatic before rupture but can easily and safely be diagnosed by ultrasound scanning. there is currently a national screening programme for men, but not women. women are not screened for aaa on the basis that the disease is less common in females. however, 33.6% of all deaths caused by ruptured aaa in england and wales are in females (1109 female deaths)1. death rates due to ruptured aaa in men have nearly halved over the last decade but the reduction in female deaths over the same time period is less than one third. females with aaa are also 4-times more likely to rupture their aneurysm and have higher rates of complications and death after emergency surgery than men. there are groups of females such as smokers, who are at high risk of aaa. the investigators have identified risk factors that are easily identifiable from general practice databases that may be able to identify women at high risk of aaa. in this research it will be determined whether it is feasible to select women for aaa screening using these risk factors, how many women in these high-risk groups attend if they are invited for aaa screening, and screen women to determine the numbers in the different risk groups who have aaa. this will allow the assessment of whether screening women for aaa could be clinically or cost effective and who would benefit the most. the investigators will also investigate if the siblings of patients with aaas are at higher risk of disease by inviting them for screening too.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * as per group definitions exclusion criteria: * any significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigator or the patient's general practitioner, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the participant's ability to participate in the study.
bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis - characterization evaluated by imaging and histology

Conditions: Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Summary: the aim of this study is to describe macro- and micro anatomical structures, including investigating vessels running in osseous pores in finger joints from participants with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) using histology and different imaging modalities. the perspectives are to increase understanding of the macro- and micro anatomic basis for bone erosions in ra, and possibly to provide new insights to the monitoring of patients with ra.

this study is a descriptive, cross-sectional pilot study. the trial subjects will have their hands imaged by conventional radiography. the 2nd and 3rd digit metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joint will be scanned by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (hr-pqct). patients with ra (n = 10) will be included and bone samples from mcp joints analyzed using microcomputed tomography (µct) and histology. eligibility criteria inclusion criteria: * age \> 18 years. * participants diagnosed with ra according to the acr/eular (2010) classification criteria or american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the patients who were diagnosed before 2010. * indication for prosthesis surgery with total joint replacement of the mcp joint according to the clinical procedure (often radiological signs of osteoarthrosis (oa) in the mcp joint, joint pain, angular deformity and/or impairment of daily functions).

Eligibility criteria:
ra participants: inclusion criteria: * age \> 18 years * participants diagnosed with ra according to the acr/eular (2010) classification criteria or american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the patients who were diagnosed before 2010. * indication for prosthesis surgery with total joint replacement of the mcp joint according to the clinical procedure (often radiological signs of oa in the mcp joint, joint pain, angular deformity and/or impairment of daily functions). exclusion criteria: * unable to give written informed consent. * active malignant disease, hypercalcemia, poor kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate \< 35 ml/min), untreated hypo-/hyperthyroidism, pregnancy or wish thereof, previously fracture/dislocation of the investigated joint or metal prosthesis in joints of the investigated hand. bone sample will be excluded from analysis, if the following is present: - bone not adequate for analysis (fractured bone samples).

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography radiography micro computed tomography histology
the press fit condylar (p.f.c.) sigma rotating platform (rp) tc3 revision knee in revision knee arthroplasty

Conditions: Osteoarthritis

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term clinical and functional performance of the p.f.c. sigma rotating platform tc3 knee system in revision knee surgery and to determine whether the implant design results in a longer-lasting knee replacement.

primary outcome: implant survival at 5 years secondary outcomes:evidence of clinical and functional outcome determined by the knee society score, anterior knee pain (patellar score). evidence of health related quality of life determined by womac oa index. patient satisfaction at 1 and 5 years. radiographic analysis according to knee society guidelines. implant survival annually to 15 years.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male or female subjects over the age of 21 years (and skeletally mature). * subjects who are able to give voluntary, written informed consent to participate in this investigation and from whom consent has been obtained. * subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, are able to understand this investigation, co-operate with the investigational procedures and are willing to return to the hospital for all the required post-operative follow-ups. * subjects whose primary diagnosis includes non-inflammatory or inflammatory degenerative joint disease. * subjects who require revision of any previous knee arthroplasty. * subjects who, in the opinion of the clinical investigator, are considered to be suitable for treatment with the investigation device, according to the indications specified in the package insert leaflet. * subjects who require revision of the femoral and/or tibial components. (both components must be replaced as part of the study.) exclusion criteria: * subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, have an existing condition that would compromise their participation and follow-up in this study (including malignancy, severe osteoporosis or disabling musculoskeletal problems). * women who are pregnant. * subjects who are known drug or alcohol abusers or with psychological disorders that could affect follow-up care or treatment outcomes. * subjects who have participated in a clinical study with an investigational product in the last 60 days (excluding any primary knee replacement study). * subjects who are currently involved in any injury litigation claims. * subjects with global instability, deficient extensor mechanism or severe bone loss (eg. due to fracture or tumour resection). * subjects who have had their contralateral knee replaced within the previous 6-month period.

Keywords: arthroplasty, replacement, knee prosthesis failure revision surgery
deep brain stimulation effects in dystonia

Conditions: Dystonia

Summary: deep brain stimulation (dbs) is an effective therapy for patients with medically refractory primary dystonia. however, dbs programming for dystonia is not standardized and multiple clinic visits are frequently required to adequately control symptoms. we aim to longitudinally record brain signals from patients using a novel neurostimulator that can record brain signals. we will correlate brain signals to clinical severity scores to identify pathological rhythms in the absence of dbs, and we will study the effects of dbs on these signals in order to guide clinical programming. we are going to recruit patients who receive the medtronic percept device, which allows for brain signal recordings (this feature is fda approved). the investigators will be conducting an observational study using this device to collect data that the subjects receive as standard of care.

the development of newer technologies has allowed clinicians and researchers to better understand pathophysiological underpinnings of different disorders managed with neuromodulation. there is a paucity of information, however, on dystonia, likely due to its rarity of cases and variability in phenomenology to allow generalization of findings. possible abnormal brain signals, such as high activity in theta band (defined as rhythms in the 4-12hz range ), have been proposed by small case series. the development of newer technologies has allowed clinicians and researchers to better understand pathophysiological underpinnings of different disorders managed with neuromodulation. there is a paucity of information, however, on dystonia, likely due to its rarity of cases and variability in phenomenology to allow generalization of findings. possible abnormal brain signals, such as high activity in theta band (defined as rhythms in the 4-12hz range ), have been proposed by small case series

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient gives an informed consent. * patient is over 18 years of age. * having a diagnosis of a primary dystonia confirmed by a trained movement disorders neurologist; * having failed or not tolerated conventional medical management, at the discretion of the neurologist managing the patient; exclusion criteria: * having alternative diagnoses to a primary dystonic syndrome; * having comorbid neurodegenerative disorders that may affect mobility or cognition (e.g. comorbid parkinson's disease); * having sequelae of prior brain insult (e.g. prior stroke or brain tumor); * history of prior resectivebrain surgery (e.g. tumor resection); * not being a dbs candidate; * selection of alternative targets to conventional gpi; * receiving unilateral implants * having a higher surgical risk that precludes patient from having standard intraoperative mapping.
efficacy of three antiemetics in preventing nausea and vomiting

Conditions: Nausea and Vomiting

Summary: to explore the effect of commonly used antiemetic drugs on reducing nausea and vomiting caused by intravenous tramadol injection, so as to reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in clinical use of tramadol and provide guidance for the clinical use of tramadol injection


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiologists classification i-ii * 18.5≤bmi≤28 * patients who receiving breast and thyroid surgery and requiring general anesthesia and receive pcia * voluntarily and be able to understand and sign the informed consent form exclusion criteria: * long-term use of analgesics, psychotropic drugs (including opioids, nsaids, antidepressants) history * history of allergy to opioids * patients with a history or family history of epilepsy that has not been controlled by treatment * sedatives and antidepressants were used 24 hours before surgery * failure to cooperate with the study for any reason or in the opinion of the investigator

Keywords: tramadol nausea and vomiting
vitamin d supplementation in crohn's patients

Conditions: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin d supplementation in crohn's disease patients. patients will be evaluated for increases in circulating vitamin d levels and effects on health benefits including improved bone markers, crohn's disease activity scores, and inflammatory markers.

the incidence of autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) has increased in developed countries over the last 50 years. we propose that decreased outdoor activity and increased pollution and diets that lack adequate vitamin d have combined to create large fluctuations in vitamin d status in developed countries and especially in populations that experience winter. experimentally we've shown that changes in vitamin d status results in more severe forms of experimental ibd. in addition, active vitamin d (1,25(oh)2d3) completely blocks the development of experimental ibd. the vitamin d hypothesis proposes that vitamin d regulates the development and function of the immune system and that changes in vitamin d status affect the development of the resultant immune response and the development of diseases like ibd. our hypothesis is that because of low dietary vitamin d intakes and malabsorption of many nutrients, crohn's patients will have low circulating vitamin d levels that are detrimental for their health. we plan to give crohn's patients 1000 iu of vitamin d/d and determine whether this dose is well tolerated, induces an increase in circulating vitamin d levels and has any additional health benefits (improved bone markers, crohn's disease activity scores, inflammatory markers).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients 18-70 years of age with mild to moderate crohn's disease who are not on active steroid treatment and who do not have ostomies. exclusion criteria: * patients with ulcerative colitis or other bowel conditions which are not crohn's. * patients with ostomies. * those currently using supplemental vitamin d in excess of the amount in one multivitamin per day. * regular tanning bed users. * persons who report more than moderate alcohol consumption ( \> 1 drink/day for women \> 2 for men). * pregnant or lactating women or women planning a pregnancy during the study time frame. * regular users of medications which may interfere with assessment of study outcomes . * those who cannot understand written or spoken english . * individuals under medical psychiatric care.

Keywords: crohn's vitamin d
chronic postsurgical pain

Conditions: Cerebral Palsy; Chronic Post Surgical Pain

Summary: the study purpose is to document the typical trajectory of perioperative pain experience in cerebral palsy (cp) and to identify important predictive factors for the development of chronic postsurgical pain. the main aims of the investigators are to: 1. quantify the trajectory of pain and opioid use in the context of orthopedic surgery in children with cp. 2. identify predictors for cpsp in children with cp and develop an applicable risk index. 3. examine relationships between perioperative pain severity and functional/mobility outcomes achieved by orthopedic surgery in children with cp. participants will complete: 1. questionnaires/surveys via email and text message 2. in-person sensory tests 3. in-person gait and motion analysis


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * cp diagnosis * have a scheduled lower extremity or spine orthopedic surgery exclusion criteria: * non-english speaking and reading parent/guardian

Keywords: cerebral palsy pain chronic pain post surgical pain orthopedic surgery
screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea (osa) in hospitalized medical patients

Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Summary: the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (osa) in patients admitted to the hospital is likely significantly higher than the general population as hospitalized patients carry a high prevalence of co-morbid conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, that are commonly associated with osa. the true prevalence of osa in hospitalized patients is not known, though there is limited data suggesting that the rate of osa in hospitalized patients is indeed high. two studies have reported on the rate of polysomnographic (psg) diagnosis of osa in patients referred for osa evaluation while in-hospital. these studies reported frequencies of 77% (in a retrospective study of 100 patients) and 88-100% (in an observational study of 250 patients). similarly, 2 studies evaluated the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in patients admitted with acutely decompensated heart failure, finding frequencies of sleep apnea in 97% (prospective study of 29 patients studied with psg) and 75% (prospective study of 395 consecutive patients studied with portable monitors). however, all of these studies are limited by either study design (retrospective), small numbers, limited channel portable monitoring, or evaluations of highly select patient populations. furthermore, none of these studies examined screening tools that may help to identify which patients are at risk for osa and thus might require the more extensive and expensive objective testing. this study will test the following hypotheses: 1. the prevalence of osa in unselected hospitalized medical patients will be more than 50% of the study population. specific aim 1: to determine the prevalence of osa in a group of unselected hospitalized medical patients by a combination of sleep symptoms and psg performed while in-hospital. 2. screening tools will be able to accurately identify osa in hospitalized medical patients. specific aim 2: to determine the accuracy of different screening questionnaires for the diagnosis of osa in hospitalized medical patients by comparing the questionnaire results to that of a psg performed while in-hospital.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult age 18-65 years old * admitted to the general medical floors at metrohealth medical center * expected stay of 48 hours * competent to sign informed consent * agreeable to participating in the study exclusion criteria: * known osa * patients with a tracheostomy * clinically unstable patients with plans for transfer to a higher acuity of care * patients with planned surgical interventions or status post operation during the admission * patients transferred from intensive care * patients with respiratory failure requiring noninvasive ventilation * inability to comprehend or complete the questionnaires * inability to tolerate a sleep study (i.e. allergic to testing components, refusal to wear leads) * refusal to sign consent * non-english speaking patients * in an isolation room

Keywords: inpatients medical polysomnogram questionnaires
hepatocyte-specific versus extracellular contrast agents for liver mri: prospective, intra-individual comparison of diagnostic performance for hepatocellular carcinoma

Conditions: Chronic Hepatitis; Liver Cirrhosis

Summary: adult patients with chronic hepatitis b and cirrhosis of any etiology who are found to have suspected liver cancer are potentially eligible for the study. all enrolled patients will undergo two mri scans using two different contrast agents. the type of contrast agent for the 1st mri will be performed using hepatocyte-specific contrast agent. the participant will undergo the 2nd mri using extracellular contrast agent. the mri examinations will be independently interpreted by two different radiologists. the radiologists will evaluate focal hepatic lesions and categorize them according to the li-rads v2018 and easl 2018. once the diagnosis is made, the participants will be provided with the standard of care. after the initial treatment, the participants will be followed up with multi-phasic dynamic contrast-enhanced ct every 3 or 6 months for at least 2 years. based on the prospectively written radiology reports, the diagnostic performances will be calculated and compared between mri with hepatocyte-specific contrast agent and mri with extracellular contrast agent, using the pathology and clinical criteria as the reference standard.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. older than 20 years 2. hbsag (+) with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, anti-hcv (+) with cirrhosis, or cirrhosis of any etiology * the presence of cirrhosis will be determined based on the histologic or radiologic findings, including liver surface nodularity, margin blunting, segmental hypertrophy/atrophy, and findings secondary to portal hypertension (i.e., splenomegaly, esophageal or gastric varices, ascites, or reverse portal vein flow). 3. child-pugh class a or b 4. up to three suspicious focal lesions between 10 mm and 30 mm found on us, ct, or mri * patients with a history of hcc treated by surgery or tumor ablation could be included, but only new nodules at a distance of \> 2 cm from previously treated lesions were considered. exclusion criteria: 1. currently pregnant or lactating 2. risk group for the use of gadolinium-enhanced mri including severely decreased renal function (stage 4 or 5 chronic renal failure with egfr ˂ 30 ml/min/1.73 m2), claustrophobia 3. patients with history of chemoembolization or systemic treatment for liver cancer

Keywords: hbsag(+) with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis anti-hcv(+) with cirrhosis cirrhosis of any etiology
effect of nd-yag laser on hypertrophic scar

Conditions: Hypertrophic Scar

Summary: a hypertrophic scar is a serious health concern in the industrialized world. two groups of patients were treated with standard medical care. the experimental group received additional laser therapy. scar assessment was measured immediately before treatment, after 3, and 7 months. t test for comparison before-treatment between the control and study groups. anova with repeated measures test for comparison among other measures.

background: a hypertrophic scar is a serious health concern in the industrialized world. objective: the impact of this study was to investigate the effect of the nd-yag laser at 532nm wavelength on hypertrophic scars. patients and methods: forty male and female patients with hypertrophic scars, ranging in age from fifteen to forty-five, were recruited from the burn patients' clinic within the faculty of physical therapy, cairo university, for this study. they were randomized into two equivalent groups. group a (the control group) consisted of 20 patients who were given standard medical care, nursing, physiotherapy, and a sham laser during the course of treatment. in contrast, group b (the study group) consisted of 20 patients who were given 532 nm laser radiation in addition to standard medical care, nursing, and physiotherapy. treatment was conducted every 2 weeks for 14 sessions. outcome measures included vancouver scar scale score and scar volume. the assessment procedures were applied before the initiation of treatment (pre), after 3 months (post1) and after 7 months (post 2) from the beginning of the treatment.

Eligibility criteria:
iinclusion criteria: • adult patients with hypertrophic scars. exclusion criteria: * patients were excluded if they had taken oral retinoids in the last year. * patients had any skin defects. * patients had any history of photosensitivity. * patients experienced active skin diseases in the treatment regions (such as psoriasis, cancer, or autoimmune disease).

Keywords: nd-yag laser