Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
the effect of heavy smoking on early post operative cognitive dysfunction in senile patients .

Conditions: Smoking and POCD

Summary: cognitive dysfunction is the impairment of mental process of perception, memory and information processing which allow the human to acquire knowledge and plan for the future . the etiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) is unclear and seems to be multifactorial involving a combination of patient, surgical, anesthetic and environmental factors .it can be a manifestation of transient or permanent cerebral injury. while cognitive function tends to improve over months to years postoperatively in affected individuals, some proportion has seemingly permanent cognitive injury .

cognitive dysfunction is the impairment of mental process of perception, memory and information processing which allow the human to acquire knowledge and plan for the future . the etiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) is unclear and seems to be multifactorial involving a combination of patient, surgical, anesthetic and environmental factors .it can be a manifestation of transient or permanent cerebral injury. while cognitive function tends to improve over months to years postoperatively in affected individuals, some proportion has seemingly permanent cognitive injury . most of the studies of pocd, however, have methodological difficulties, as pointed out by newman and colleagues in their review of more than 40 studies . a major difficulty in trying to compare investigations or establish an incidence of pocd was the diversity in participants, types of surgery and anesthesia, methods of assessment, definition of pocd, and mode of analysis . the number of tobacco smokers has been decreasing over the last decade in most western countries, while the percentage of smokers is still increasing in some developing countries . tobacco smoking is still one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide . in particular, it is well known that smoking is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases and cancer. in addition, it is also thought that smoking could increase the risk of poor postoperative outcomes, in ways including impaired wound healing ، infections and cardiopulmonary complications. the definition of day surgery in great britain and ireland is clear; the patient is admitted and discharged on the same day, with day surgery as the intended management. the term '23-h stay' is used in the united states healthcare system .

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients between 65 \& 80 ys * elective urological day-case surgery * asa physical status 1 exclusion criteria: * patients not asa1 * patients receiving sedatives as midazolam. * pregnant patients . * patients with cerebrovascular diseases . * patients with history of drug allergy or patients with substance abuse . * time of anesthesia less than 30 minute ,or more than one hour . * irrigation fluid rather than warm saline(40 degree ) or volume more than 1500 ml * post- secondary education level .

Keywords: postoperative cognitive dysfunction smoking general anaesthesia day-case surgery
effect of dietary salt supplemantation in vasovagal syncope prophylaxis: a clinical trial

Conditions: Healthy

Summary: syncope is a syndrome consisting of a relatively short period of temporary and self-limited loss of consciousness caused by transient diminution of blood flow to the brain (most often the result of systemic hypotension). the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt supplementation in vasovagal syncope prophylaxis.

healthy volunteers without use of medicines with except contraceptives orals that met the exclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled in a randomized trial.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy volunteers exclusion criteria: * use medicines * previous diseases * incapacity of to understand and to sign the term consent

Keywords: salt supplementation vasovagal syncope orthostatic tolerance healthy volunteers
zonisamide versus propranolol in migraine

Conditions: Migraine

Summary: investigators aim to compare the effect of zonisamide versus propranolol in migraine by assessing the absolute reduction in mmd in each group, the percentage of patients who achieved ≥ 50% reduction in the monthly headache days frequency compared to the baseline frequency

investigators will enroll 600 migraine patients who are diagnosed according to ichd3-beta criteria in our study and will use a questionnaire to detect their demographic and clinical features (disease duration, attack frequency, and duration, pain intensity assessed by the visual analogic scale and we have two groups the first group will include 300 patients and will receive 100mg zonisamide daily and acetaminophen 500-1000 mg in acute attack, and the second group will receive propranolol 160 mg per day and acetaminophen 500-1000 mg in acute attack for at least three months. investigators will assess the number of migraine days after three months of treatment and the percentage of patients who achieved ≥ 50% reduction in the monthly headache days frequency compared to the baseline frequency. hit-6 score reduction in each group after three months of treatment. the safety of lacosamide was evaluated by monitoring and documenting treatment-emergent adverse events (teae) in patients through regular follow-up procedures for three months.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * naive migraine patients, according to the international classification of headache disorders 3rd edition, * age from 10 to 55 years exclusion criteria: patients with major neurological disorders such as ( epilepsy, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, multiple sclerosis, mitochondrial diseases, brain tumors, and patients with essential tremors. patients with malignancy, collagen, liver, and renal diseases. patients with cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and diabetes patients with valvular and ischemic heart diseases, bradycardia or heart blocks, congestive heart failure patients who received prophylactic treatment for migraine, patients with any contraindications to drugs used in the study patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Keywords: zonisamide propranolol migraine
clinical application of electrical impedance tomography for individual adjustment of ventilator settings

Conditions: ARDS

Summary: first clinical application of an algorithm for individual adjustment of ventilator settings using electrical impedance tomography.

in patients suffering from early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), an algorithm for individual adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume will be applied. after optimization of ventilator settings according to the ards network protocol, lung stress and strain, driving pressure, respiratory system compliance (crs), regional ventilation delay and pao2 / fio2 ratio will be recorded. subsequently, ventilator settings will be adjusted using an algorithm aiming at recruitment and avoiding tidal recruitment and overdistension using electrical impedance tomography (eit). after 4 hours of eit-based optimization ventilator settings, lung stress and strain, driving pressure, respiratory system compliance (crs), regional ventilation delay and pao2 / fio2 ratio will be recorded again. the results will be compared to the ards network approach.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * acute respiratory distress syndrome (according to berlin definition) exclusion criteria: * hemodynamic instability (defined as mean arterial pressure \ 150 / min or cardiac index \< 2.0 l/min/m\^2 despite adequate fluid resuscitation and adequate therapy with inotropes and / or vasopressors) * thoracic burns or severe skin injuries * high frequency oscillatory ventilation * pregnancy * severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (gold iv) * esophageal varices \> grade i * esophageal resection * invasive ventilation prior to study inclusion for more than 72 hours after onset of ards * inspiratory oxygen requirement \> 80%
splanchnic x: splanchnic nerve block in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Conditions: Heart Failure

Summary: heart failure (hf) affects more than 6 million adults in the u.s. alone, with increasing prevalence. cardiovascular congestion with resultant limitation in physical activity is the hallmark of chronic and decompensated hf. the current hf physiologic model suggests that congestion is the result of volume retention and, therefore, therapies (such as diuretics) have generally been targeted at volume overload. yet therapeutic approaches to reduce congestion have failed to show significant benefit on clinical outcomes, potentially due to an untargeted approach of decongestive therapies. the investigators' preliminary work suggested a complimentary contribution of volume redistribution to the mechanism of cardiac decompensation. the investigators identified the splanchnic nerves as a potential therapeutic target and showed that short-term interruption of the splanchnic nerve signaling could have favorable effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics and symptoms. as part of the investigators' proposal, the investigators will test the safety and efficacy of prolonged splanchnic nerve block in a randomized, controlled, blinded study in patients with hf and reduced ejection fraction (hfref). the results will help test the hypothesis of volume redistribution as a driver of cardiovascular congestion and functional limitations and pave the way for splanchnic nerve blockade as a novel therapeutic approach to hf.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 18 years * established diagnosis of hfref with left ventricular ejection fraction \<50% * nyha ii-iii symptoms * stable hf drug regimen for the preceding 1 month * wedge pressure \>/=15 mmhg at rest or \>/=20 mmhg with peak stress on the initial invasive exercise testing * glomerular filtration rate ≥ 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 * heart rate with activity such as the 6 min walk increases by at least 10 beats exclusion criteria: * type i myocardial infarction within 3 months * infiltrative (i.e., amyloid) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy * uncontrolled atrial (heart rate \>100bpm) or ventricular arrhythmia * chronic oxygen use \>2l * hypersensitivity to albumin and pregnancy * history or scoliosis * orthostatic hypotension (including a drop of pulse pressure with standing of more than 10)
study of opioid-induced constipation 1 project

Conditions: Opioid-induced Constipation; Cancer; Cancer Pain

Summary: the aim of the project is to investigate opioid-induced constipation (oic) in a real world / diverse group of patients with cancer. the objectives of the project are to determine: a) prevalence of oic; b) clinical features / impact of oic; c) management of oic.

stoic-1 is an observational study, and will involve a single visit (see below for schedule). the following data will be collected: a) demographic data - age, gender, ethnicity; b) cancer diagnosis; c) opioid medications - drug, formulation, dose; d) laxative medications - drug, formulation, dose; e) other medications; f) eastern co-operative oncology group performance status the participants will be asked the following questions: 1. simple question - "are you constipated?" \[options - yes / no / unsure\] 2. european association for palliative care definition question - "does the following question describe your bowel function: 'the passage of small, hard faeces infrequently and with difficulty?' \[options - yes / no / unsure\] 3. camilleri definition question - "does the following statement describe your bowel function: 'a change since initiating opioid therapy from baseline bowel habits that is characterised by any of the following: reduced bowel movement frequency, development or worsening of straining to pass bowel movements, a sense of incomplete rectal evacuation, harder stool consistency?' \[options - yes / no / unsure 4. rome iv diagnostic criteria for oic the participants will also be asked to complete: 1. bowel function index (bfi). the bfi is a validated, 3 item, patient-reported tool for assessing the treatment of oic. a bfi score of ≥30 indicates suboptimally treated oic. 2. patient assessment of constipation - quality of life questionnaire (pac-qol). the pac-qol is a validated, 28-item, patient-reported tool for assessing the impact of constipation over time. 3. memorial symptom assessment scale - short form (msas-sf). the msas-sf is a validated, 32 item, patient-reported tool for assessing physical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients. the participant will also undergo a palliative care specialist assessment for constipation / oic. the palliative care specialist will be asked to review the patient with regard to their bowel function, and then asked the following questions: a) does the patient have constipation? \[options - yes / no / unsure\]; b) (if appropriate) does the patient have opioid-induced constipation? \[options - yes / no / unsure\]; c) (if appropriate) does the patient have additional causes of constipation? \[options - yes / no / unsure\]; d) (if appropriate) what additional causes of constipation?i

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 18yr; diagnosis of cancer; diagnosis of cancer pain; receipt of regular opioids for at least one week exclusion criteria: * inability to give informed consent; inability to complete questionnaire

Keywords: opioid-induced constipation
nutritional risk for hospitalized patients with neurology disorders in china

Conditions: Neurological Disorder

Summary: neurology disorders are one of the major public health problems that seriously threaten human health. it often accompanied by various nutritional problems, which can aggravate the primary disease, lead to serious complications, prolong the hospitalization, lead to poor prognosis, and increase family and social economic burdens. according to the previous studies, the risk of malnutrition was approximately 58.5% of stroke patients, and 6% had moderate to severe malnutrition in china. another study conducted in beijing showed that the risk of malnutrition of elderly patients in the department of neurology was significantly higher than in other departments (28.5% vs. 26.4%). strengthening nutritional supervision of patients with neurology disorders will benefit to improve patients' prognosis. therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional status of inpatients with neurology disorders in china, evaluate the impact of different nutritional status on patients' health outcomes, and establish a high-quality, standardized nutrition and health cohort database for neurology disorders.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age ≥ 18 years; 2. the primary diagnosis was neurological disorders; 3. written informed consent. exclusion criteria: 1. life expectancy is \< 3 months; 2. researchers think other ineligible participant for the study.

Keywords: nutrition the risk of malnutrition
oral iron supplementation on alternate vs. consecutive days for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy

Conditions: Iron-deficiency Anemia (IDA); Pregnancy

Summary: this will be a randomized clinical trial. enrolled subjects will be randomized (1:1) into two study arms to receive either daily (group 1) or alternate day (group 2) supplementation with one oral pill containing ferrous sulfate with an equivalent elemental iron dose of 65 mg per pill.

during the enrollment (baseline) visit, subjects will undergo a blood draw to assess hemoglobin, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (stfr) levels to confirm current depleted iron stores and will then be randomly allocated into one of the two study arms. all ferrous sulfate (oral tablets) will be provided to patients by the investigators. all subjects will be instructed to take oral iron on an empty stomach or 1 hour after meals for better absorption, preferably with a vitamin c rich product such as orange juice. to minimize variability introduced by other potential iron sources, prenatal vitamins that have the same amount and form of iron will be provided to both study groups.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * pregnant patients will be enrolled at less than 30 weeks gestational age (ga) with laboratory confirmed ida (as defined by hemoglobin under 10.5 g/dl, as well as ferritin under 15 mcg/l) exclusion criteria: * patients \<18 years old, patients who have severe ida that requires blood transfusion or iv iron infusion, patients who have other known hemoglobinopathy (such as thalassemia or sickle cell anemia) or anemia of different mechanism (such as vitamin b12 or folate deficiency), patients with ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, gastric ulcers, patients who have previously undergone gastric bypass surgery, patients who experience admission for antepartum bleed, have been diagnosed with abnormal placentation (i.e., placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta increta or percreta)

Keywords: iron-deficiency anemia (ida) iron-deficiency anemia (ida) during gestation
adjunctive systemic administration of moxifloxacin in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis

Conditions: Aggressive Periodontitis

Summary: the adjunctive use of systemically administered antibiotics has been shown to provide a better clinical outcome, particularly in terms of probing depth (pd) reduction and attachment-level gain than srp in subjects with aggressive periodontitis. the overall objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of moxifloxacin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing versus scaling and root planing over placebo in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * under 30 years old and systemically healthy, with at least 20 teeth present. be willing to participate in the study which is corroborated by signing the informed consent form. commit to attend post-therapeutic controls and stop drinking alcohol during the time of ingestion of antibiotics. exclusion criteria: * subjects in whom are contraindicated or with hypersensitivity to quinolones - subjects who have undergone periodontal, surgical or mechanical antibiotic therapy six months before the start of the study according to interrogation. women in pregnancy or lactation, corroborated with previous medical history and medical consultation.

Keywords: aggressive periodontitis antimicrobial(s) microbiology
binocular visual therapy and video games for amblyopia treatment.

Conditions: Amblyopia

Summary: amblyopia, or lazy eye, is best defined by the american academy of ophthalmology as a unilateral or bilateral reduction of the best corrected visual acuity that occurs in the setting of an otherwise normal eye, or a structural abnormality involving the eye or visual pathway with reduction in visual acuity that cannot be attributed only to the effect of the structural abnormality. which causes an abnormal visual experience early in life, with consequences such as deficiencies in the ability to perceive contrast and/or movement, visual acuity, accommodation and stereopsis. the treatment of choice consists in patching of the fellow eye 2 hours per day. the disadvantage of this treatment modality is that patients end up not complying and when treatment is interrupted, lazy eye reappears. amblyopia was thought to be a monocular disease, now a days there are reports of cortical visual paths changes in both eyes (the fellow and amblyopia eye), believing that it might be a monocular consequence of a binocular disease. following that statement new treatment studies have arisen, stimulating both eyes not only to improve visual acuity in the lazy eye, but to restore binocular function as well. these treatments use videogames in celular phones, computers, or tablets where the fellow eye is exposed to reduced contrast and the lazy eye is exposed to full-contrast. although the evidence is promising, more studies are needed to establish effectivity and security of this treatment modality.

the objective of this study is to determine if the binocular visual therapy with red-green glasses and the use of electronic devices is effective for amblyopia treatment in children. participants will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities: group a: eye patch on the fellow eye and to near-vision activities (such as reading, drawing, etc) group b: an eye patch on the fellow eye and a electronic tablet group c: red/green glasses and a electronic tablet treatment will be done buy the three groups daily during 2 consecutive hours, and will be completed for four months. children will then suspend the therapy for 2 months, and will be reevaluated to determine lazy eye relapses . all groups will be compared to see which patients achieved greater improvement on visual acuity and depth perception.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia or both * patients with out previous amblyopia treatment * patient with previous strabismus surgery or use of there best corrected visual acuity glasses for at least 1 month * birth at term gestational age * without any systemic or ophthalmic comorbidities * previous patients parent verbal and fiscal assessment. exclusion criteria: * any other amblyopia diagnosis (deprivation) * any previous amblyopia treatment * any previous intraocular surgery * any ocular condition * any neurologic conditions or psychomotor development alterations * patients not able to cooperate for visual acuity or stereopsis evaluation

Keywords: amblyopia binocular therapy videogames