Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
effects of virtual glasses, stress ball and music intervention on pain, anxiety and comfort in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery

Conditions: Pain; Anxiety; Inguinal Hernia

Summary: although it changes with age, due to its high incidence and prevalence, inguinal hernia is one of the most commonly performed surgeries by general surgeons. pain, anxiety and changes in comfort levels in patients after inguinal hernia repair surgery negatively affect the patient's recovery after surgery. one of the goals of nursing care practices in the perioperative period, especially in patients undergoing surgery, is to provide and maintain patient comfort. today, the concept of comfort is a part of quality nursing care, allowing patients to be comfortable, carefree, recover more quickly and cope better with disease stress. using non-pharmacological methods in pain management reduces the use of pharmacological methods, increases the patient's comfort level, reduces stress and anxiety, increases the individual's sense of control over their own health and increases physical function and daily life activities. virtual reality, music therapy, stress ball are used in various areas of clinical medical care as a way to distract attention and relieve pain.

this study aimed to evaluate the effects of distraction methods such as virtual reality, music therapy and stress ball applications on pain, anxiety and comfort levels in patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * between the ages of 18-70 inguinal surgery will be performed, * no communication problems, can speak turkish, * no psychiatric illness or mental perception problems, * no vision, hearing and perception problems, * no physical problems in squeezing a stress ball, exclusion criteria: * • any postoperative complications, * patients who do not agree to participate in the study, * patients using anxiolytic drugs

Keywords: inguinal hernia,virtual reality,stress ball,music therapy
neurorehabilitation on upper limb and on fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis

Summary: in multiple sclerosis the multiplicity of physical and psychological dysfunctions have been shown to exhibit a number of life-altering problems such as fatigue, limb weakness, alteration of upper extremity fine motor coordination, loss of sensation, spasticity. these problems affect performance of many daily living activities (adl) such as dressing, bathing, self-care, and writing, thus reducing functional independence and self-rated quality of life. twenty people with multiple sclerosis will receive neurorehabilitation treatment comprising a combination of aerobic training and upper limb task-oriented training. the aim of this pilot crossover study is to evaluate the effects of neurorehabilitation on upper limb performance and on fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * diagnosis of multiple sclerosis * no relapses in the last three months * expanded disability status scale (edss) ≤ 8; exclusion criteria: * subjects with relapses * worsening of the pathology in the last three months * subjects with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances * subjects with cardiovascular disease
experimental design of couple counseling and testing in antenatal clinics in dar es salaam, tanzania

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of couples voluntary counseling and testing for hiv (cvct) compared to individual vct (ivct) in preventing mtct, and in increasing preventive behaviors and minimizing spousal abuse among hiv positive women. we hypothesize that offering cvct will not decrease uptake of vct among women. this research will be carried out in 3 antenatal clinics in dar es salaam, tanzania.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * up to 6 months of pregnancy * currently married or in cohabiting union for 2+ years and co-resident with husband exclusion criteria: * in polygamous marriage * 7 or more months pregnant

Keywords: voluntary counseling and testing hiv hiv seronegativity
neuroendocrine and immune response to stress in schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder

Summary: this is a pilot study. we are testing the physiologic, immune and chemical responses to stress. we believe the results of all measures to stress will be blunted in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. we will test sex, early life stress and other factors on the relationship to a stress response.

the proposed study examines the response of neuroimmune and inflammatory responses to a stress in both men and women with a dsm-iv diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. the measurements include stress hormones or other elements in the blood which indicate stress . early childhood trauma/stress (els) information will be collected so we can examine differences in those with trauma histories vs. those with none by sex. there will be one visit for screening before the testing visit. the sample will consist of up to 45 clinically stable inpatients and outpatients with dsm-iv schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, of which approximately 15 will be women. we will also enroll up to 45 healthy controls without a dsm-iv axis i or ii disorder. prior to the study all subjects must meet inclusion and exclusion criteria including a medical history. the (tsst) is a standard and widely used research assessment procedure that is used to reliably induce stress in human research participants. the tsst uses situations where people think they are being socially evaluated during an interview for a job. participants are told they are competing with other people for this job, and their task is to convince interviewers that they are the best person for the job. participants are told they have to prepare a speech, and complete a math challenge in their head.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * dsm-iv diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (schizophrenia group) * no dsm-iv axis i or ii disorder (healthy control group) * caucasian or non-caucasian exclusion criteria: * history of cushing's syndrome, adrenal deficiency, or any condition that may affect cortisol levels in the body. * use of steroids * pregnancy or lactation. pregnancy will be determined by urine pregnancy test. lactation will be determined through patient report. * untreated hypertension, cardiac arrthymias or medical condition that could not handle stress.
critical illness related cardiac arrest (circa)

Conditions: Critical Illness

Summary: circa aims to determine the incidence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (ihca) in uk intensive care units (icus) and explore associated risk factors with icu and hospital survival and quality of survival following hospital discharge.

cardiac arrest is often categorised by location, out-of-hospital or in-hospital (ihca), as there are important differences in population characteristics and aetiology. the national cardiac arrest audit (ncaa) was established to audit resuscitation teams in response to ihca, and collects information about patient characteristics, resuscitation processes, and patient outcomes. however, it does not audit ihcas that are not attended by the resuscitation team. critically ill patients managed in icus are experiencing failure of one or more organs and therefore more intensive and invasive therapies are needed to support these failing organs. as a result, icus have higher nursing and medical staffing ratios, and monitoring is usually continuous. moreover, the skill mix of the multidisciplinary team is geared to advanced life support. thus, the risk of cardiac arrest occurring, the involvement (or not) of the resuscitation team, and the probability of return of spontaneous circulation are all likely to be different to other ihcas. accurate data on cardiac arrests in icu are lacking and the investigators do not know how many ihca occur in icu in the uk, nor is the impact of an ihca in icu on outcome known. in addition, it is not known if these ihcas in icus represent an unavoidable consequence of critical illness or, more importantly, whether they can be predicted and/or prevented. circa is a prospective, multi-centre observational cohort study nested in the case mix programme (cmp) and ncaa national clinical audits. the investigators aim to determine the incidence and outcomes of ihca in uk icus and explore associated risk factors with icu and hospital survival and quality of survival following hospital discharge.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 years old or more; and either 2. cardiac arrest (defined as receipt of chest compressions or defibrillation) occurring while in-hospital and within intensive care (defined as either icu, hdu or combined icu/hdu); or 3. family member of a patient surviving to discharge from intensive care after a cardiac arrest within icu exclusion criteria: there are no exclusion criteria

Keywords: critical illness related cardiac arrest
interest of the cone beam scanner of temporal bones in the analysis of conductive hearing loss

Conditions: Conductive Hearing Loss

Summary: conductive hearing loss is very common and the incidence increases with age. until now, the scanner was the reference examination in the etiological diagnosis of deafness. when performing a ct scan of temporal bones for the etiological diagnosis of conductive hearing loss, the quality of the image depends on the scanner brand and the acquisition parameters. the investigators wish to show the usefulness of the cone beam in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * major subject (≥18 years old) * subject having performed a ct scan or a cone beam for pre- and post-operative conductive hearing loss between january 01, 2018 and december 31, 2020 * subject who has not expressed his opposition, after being informed, to the reuse of his data for the purposes of this research. exclusion criteria: * subject who expressed their opposition to participating in the study

Keywords: conductive hearing loss cone beam cone beam ct cbct temporal bones
cognitive behavior therapy for treating anxiety in people with dementia

Conditions: Anxiety Disorders; Dementia

Summary: this study will evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating anxiety in older adults with dementia.

dementia is an illness that causes memory problems; changes in behavior; and difficulty with thinking, making decisions, and carrying out daily activities. many people with dementia also have anxiety, and yet very little is known about effective treatment strategies for anxiety in this population. cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) is a type of psychotherapy that is commonly used to treat anxiety. cbt involves teaching patients skills to help them manage their anxiety, such as relaxation, changing their thoughts, and problem-solving. this study will evaluate the effectiveness of cbt in treating anxiety in older adults with dementia. in addition, the study will determine the effect of the treatment on patients' families and friends, and how families and friends may be able to help patients manage their anxiety. all study participants will name a family member or friend who will also participate in the study. all participants in this study will answer a preliminary set of questions about anxiety and memory and will then complete a number of activities that involve learning and memory. these evaluations will take approximately 45 minutes. participants who are selected to continue in the study will answer a second set of questions about mood, memory, concentration, and how they are doing in certain areas of life. these interview questions will take place during 2 sessions and will last a total of approximately 3 hours. participants will then be randomly assigned to receive either enhanced usual care (euc) or 8 to 10 sessions of cbt over a period of 10 to 12 weeks. each cbt session will last about 1 hour and will include meeting with a study staff member to discuss anxiety and how to cope with it. participants will also complete practice activities at home for about 20 minutes per day. euc will consist of regular ongoing care from healthcare providers and phone assessments at 1-month and 2-month. following the 6 month assessment, participants in euc will be offered a cognitive behavior workshop. following in-person meetings, cbt participants will receive weekly phone calls for 3 months, followed by biweekly phone calls for the next 3 months. some of the pretreatment questions will be asked again at 3 months and again 6 months after baseline.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * alzheimer's disease that is in the mild or moderate range according to a score of 0.5 to 2.0 on the clinical dementia rating (cdr) scale * significant anxiety as defined by a score of 4 on the neuropsychiatric inventory (npi) * agrees to permit participation of a collateral * english-speaking exclusion criteria: * suicidal intent * current psychosis or bipolar disorder * history of substance abuse within 1 month prior to study entry

Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy alzheimer's disease
a cross-sectional study on the positive rate of m protein based on a highly sensitive serum m protein detection method.

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma; M Protein

Summary: by using a highly sensitive serum m protein detection method based on the maldi-tof ms platform, serum monoclonal immunoglobul (m protein) in detection was performed on the visiting patients to explore the positive rate of serum m protein and its distribution in different departments. and exploring the correlation analysis between the relative concentration of serum m protein based on the above highly sensitive methods and clinical indicators.

monoclonal gammopathy (mg) is an asymptomatic pre-cancerous clonal proliferation of plasma cells. the onset of this disease is concealed, usually discovered by chance by patients who undergo protein electrophoresis to detect monoclonal gamma globulin (m protein) due to various clinical symptoms and disease evaluations. due to the insidious onset of monoclonal immunoglobulin, involving multiple organs, and the non-specific clinical symptoms, it is more prone to misdiagnosis. this study hypothesized that among patients who first came to the hospital for treatment, some patients had elevated serum monoclonal immunoglobulin levels but were not initially diagnosed with hematology department, but instead sought medical attention from other departments due to other symptoms. in this study，by using a highly sensitive serum m protein detection method based on the maldi-tof ms platform, serum monoclonal immunoglobul (m protein) in detection was performed on the visiting patients to explore the positive rate of serum m protein and its distribution in different departments，and to explore the correlation analysis between the relative concentration of serum m protein based on the above highly sensitive methods and clinical indicators.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients attending the outpatient/emergency/inpatient department of zhujiang hospital; * age: over 18 years old; * there are sufficient remaining serum samples and extensive informed consent has been signed. exclusion criteria: * early diagnosis of hematological diseases such as plasma cell or other b lymphocyte proliferative diseases； * improper storage or repeated freeze-thaw of remaining serum samples.

Keywords: m protein
the role of the kidneys and liver in the elimination of glucagon

Conditions: Chronic Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Hyperglucagonemia

Summary: the study aims to evaluate the kinetics and effect of glucagon in patients with chronic kidney disease and liver cirrhosis and matched healthy subjects, respectively.

in the present project the investigators wish to identify whether the effect, elimination and degradation of glucagon differ between healthy control subjects and patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) and liver cirrhosis, respectively. by performing glucagon infusions on healthy control subjects and matched subjects with either limited renal and hepatic function, the contribution of both organs to the metabolic clearance rate (mcr) of glucagon can be tested. a primed infusion of stable isotopic labelled tracers will allow the researchers to investigate the effects of the glucagon infusion on the glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism. the quantification of the mcr of glucagon will be accompanied by a range of pharmacodynamic measures in order to substantiate whether a potentially altered glucagon mcr inflicts pharmacodynamic changes of glucagon, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of ckd and liver cirrhosis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: the ckd group * men/women between 18 and 75 years of age * ckd stage 4 or 5 * normal liver function (alanine aminotransferase (alat), aspartate aminotransferase (asat), albumin and coagulation factor ii, vii and x (inr) within normal range, * informed consent the cirrhosis group * men/women between 18 and 75 years of age * verified diagnosis of cirrhosis - child-pugh score of 5-12 * normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) above 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and absence of proteinuria) * informed consent the control group * men/women between 18 and 75 years of age * normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) above 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and absence of proteinuria)(plasma creatinine ≤105 micromol/l (µm) for men and ≤90 µm for women) * normal liver function (alanine aminotransferase (alat), aspartate aminotransferase (asat), albumin and coagulation factor ii, vii and x (inr) within normal range * informed consent exclusion criteria: all groups * diagnosis of diabetes and/or hba1c ≥43 mmol/mol and/or fasting plasma glucose ≥6 mmol/l. * previous kidney transplantation with remaining kidney graft * present treatment with oral glucocorticoids * polycystic kidney disease * pregnancy or breastfeeding * inflammatory bowel disease * surgical procedure within the last 3 months * haemoglobin \< 6 mmol/l (women) or \< 7 mmol/l (men) * first-degree relatives with diabetes * any condition that the investigators feel would interfere with trial participation

Keywords: metabolic clearance rate glucagon pharmacodynamics glucagon pharmacokinetics
comprehensive cardiac ct versus exercise testing in suspected coronary artery disease (2)

Conditions: Stable Angina Pectoris; Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: multi-center, randomized-controlled trial comparing a comprehensive cardiac ct protocol with standard stress testing in patients with stable chest pain complaints.

rationale: ct calcium and coronary lumen imaging allow efficient exclusion of coronary artery disease (cad), but cannot assess the hemodynamic significance of obstructive findings. addition of stress myocardial perfusion imaging, which assesses the functional relevance of coronary narrowing, completes the non-invasive cardiac evaluation. hypothesis: a comprehensive cardiac ct examination will allow fast, accurate and complete evaluation of suspected cad. objective: evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of comprehensive cardiac ct workup of suspected cad. study design: open-labelled, randomized-controlled, clinical efficiency trial, with an intention-to-diagnose approach, between ct-guided management and the current standard of care (based on functional testing of provocable myocardial ischemia) in patients with suspected cad. study population: 250 patients (\>18 yrs) with stable chest complaints, a \>10% pre-test probability of cad, and referred for evaluation of possible cad. intervention: instead of the usual diagnostic approach, patients in the intervention group will undergo in sequence the following ct examinations: coronary calcium scan, coronary ct angiography and ct myocardial perfusion imaging, with completion dependent on results. findings on ct will direct further management. main study parameters/endpoints: primary: rate of negative invasive angiograms (as percentage of total population) secondary: diagnostic yield, chest complaints, quality of life, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, overall costs and adverse events at 6 months.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * men and women aged \>18 years. * chest pain symptoms suspicious of coronary heart disease. * pre-test probability of coronary artery disease \>10% exclusion criteria: * history of cad: prior myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure * contra-indication to radiation exposure (ct/spect): pregnancy * contra-indication to iodine contrast media: renal failure, iodine allergy * contra-indications to adenosine * inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent.

Keywords: computed tomography coronary angiography coronary artery disease perfusion imaging comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial cost-effectiveness
autonomic nervous system activity, aging and sleep apnea/hypopnea

Conditions: Healthy

Summary: the regulatory effects of the autonomic nervous system (ans) concern almost all organs which permanently feed information back to this global biological vigilance system controlling allostasis. heart rate fluctuations are highly dependent on ans control, making the heart one of the best indicators of ans activity. low ans activity level is associated with severe cardiac and cerebral events, as well as to death from any cause in the general population. it is even associated with sleep apnea/hypopnea.

the main goal of this synapse study is to evaluate, on a selected prospective cohort of subjects aged 67 years upon study entry, the incidence of sleep apnea/hypopnea and the prognostic values of ans activity levels measured at preset times and of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * informed consent signed * to participate in the proof study exclusion criteria: * prior myocardiac infarction * prior stroke * hearth failure * atrial fibrillation * insulin-treated diabetes mellitus * cardiac pacemaker * disease limiting life expectancy to \< 5 years * contraindication to brain mri * living in an institution * respiratory failure with oxygenotherapy * sleep-related breathing disorders known and treated

Keywords: aging autonomic nervous system stroke myocardiac infarction prospective cohort sleep apnea/hypopnea