polymorphism of janus kinase 1 and 2 (jak 1&2) in patients with alopecia areata

Conditions: Alopecia Areata

Summary: introduction alopecia areata (aa) is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by cellular infiltration of t- lymphocytes targeting hair follicles, disrupting the anagen phase, with spontaneous remission, recurrence, and exacerbation, making it very unpredictable and emotionally disturbing . it affects nearly 1-2% of the general population with a lifetime risk of 2%, the onset of aa might be at any age; however, most patients develop the disease before 40 years of age . early-onset aa (a mean age of onset at 5-10 years) predominantly presents as a more severe subtype, such as alopecia universalis . alopecia areata presents clinically as a non-scarring patchy hair loss primarily on the scalp, and/or other hairy areas and may progress to total scalp hair loss (alopecia totalis, at ) or complete body hair loss (alopecia universalis, au ) . approximately 5- 10% of aa patients will progress into at/au . the course of aa varies greatly, the strongest predictors of a poor prognosis include at, au, or ophiasis pattern hair loss, as well as earlier age of onset . severe and recurrent aa disturbs quality of life of patients and may also lead to depression, changed self-image,and interferes with social activities . currently, the hypotheses for aa development mostly focus on the collapse of immune privilege properties of the hair follicles(hfs) and the nature of self-antigen presentation (follicular antigens) that result in the induction and subsequent attack of activated lymphocytes . activation of the lymphocytes mainly cd8+nkg2d+induces release of severalth1 cytokines; interleukin (il)-1α , il-1β , and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha, capable of inhibiting (hf) growth with early termination of anagen . aa is a polygenic disorder in which several major genes dictate susceptibility to disease, up to 28% of patients report at least one affected family member, monozygotic twins have exhibited similar times of onset and patterns of hair loss. genes loci for human leucocyte antigens (hla)drb1\* 1104 and dqb1\* 03 are detected in patients with aa. the janus kinases (jaks) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat); (jak/stat) pathway play an important role in inflammatory processes as they are involved in signaling for over 50 cytokines and growth factors. the jak/stat pathway transduces multiple extracellular signals involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis . the jak family is constituted by four types of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases: jak1, jak2, jak3, and tyk2 . stat, of which there are seven different subtypes (stat1, stat2, stat3, stat4, stat5a, stat5b, and stat6) (17), is the other fundamental component of the cascade . after being phosphorylated by jak, stat translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of specific genes. alterations in the jak/stat pathway have been related to the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (ad), vitiligo, and aa.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all types of aa. exclusion criteria: * 1. pregnancy . 2. lactation . 3. systemic diseases . 4. dermatological disease as vitiligo , psoriasis , atopy . 5. patient on skin medication affect hair growth as chemotherapy , antithyroid drugs .