Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
screening for lung cancer in subjects with family history of lung cancer

Conditions: Lung Cancer

Summary: lung cancer can be detected via screening of high-risk individuals, i.e current or ex-heavy smokers, with low-dose computer tomography (ldct) of thorax. the national lung screening trial in us and the nelson trial in europe demonstrated reduction in lung cancer mortality with ldct screening for lung cancer. in hong kong, however, there is a prominence of female never-smokers with lung cancer. there is no identifiable risk factors for non-smokers with lung cancer except family history of lung cancer. the hypothesis is that lung cancer screening for subjects with family history of lung cancer, can detect early lung cancer.

the primary aim of this prospective study is to find out the rate of lung cancer detection in subjects who are first degree relatives of lung cancer patients. secondary aims include studying the characteristics of screen-detected lung cancer. this is a multi-centered prospective cohort study. 1,520 subjects who are first degree relatives of lung cancer patients at four public hospitals in hong kong will be screened. intervention detailed questionnaires and ldct thorax will be performed. the primary outcome measure is the number of lung cancers detected by this study. the screening-detection rate of lung cancer in first-degree relatives of lung cancer patients will be estimated.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 50-75, men or women, smokers or non-smokers * being first degree relatives (siblings, children, and parents) of lung cancer subjects * having no known lung cancer before exclusion criteria: * non-chinese * mentally incompetent to give informed consent

Keywords: lung cancer screening family history
the use of dpp-4 inhibitors in short bowel syndrome

Conditions: Short Bowel Syndrome

Summary: the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 should increase the concentration of glucagone-like peptide 1 and 2, and the increase of the latter should increase the absorptive capacity of the intestine.

the only effective (to some extend drug) in short bowel syndrome is glucacone-like peptide 4. its price is, however, to high to really change the treatment strategy for intestinal failure. the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, which a drug which is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type ii, should increase the concentration of glucagone-like peptide 1 and 2, and the increase of the latter should increase the absorptive capacity of the intestine.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (hpn) because of short bowel syndrome for at least 12 months * stable metabolic status * benign disease exclusion criteria: * hpn \< 12 months * metabolically unstable * cancer as the reason for intestinal failure

Keywords: short bowel syndrome
oscillating positive expiratory pressure devices and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Summary: sputum production increases in acute exacerbation of copd, both in amount and consistency. it increases airways obstruction and hence delays improvement and prolongs hospital stay. oscillating positive expiratory pressure (opep) devices were extensively studied in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. only seldom studied in chronic bronchitis. this study aims to measure the effects of mucous clearing device in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of copd.

in this study, investigators will investigate the change of objective measurements of lung functions and exercise capacity in addition to subjective measures of quality of life.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * copd patients, stages 3-4 according to gold guidelines 2016, with post bronchodilator fev1/fvc \< 70% of predicted and fev1 \< 50% with exacerbations necessitates hospital admission. * smokers or ex-smokers. * able and willing to provide informed signed consent. able and understanding the correct use of the bronchial clearing device. * able to perform effectively spirometry. * able and willing to receive the management plane as indicated including systemic steroids if seemed necessary. exclusion criteria: * other obstructive pulmonary diseases or those do not fulfill the criteria of copd diagnosis. * nonsmokers. * presence of major comorbidity causing organ dysfunction as cardiac (including severe pulmonary hypertension), renal, or liver impairment (not including diabetes, arterial hypertension, or obesity). * presence of lobar pneumonia. * suspicion of bronchogenic malignancy. * any other complication either at admission or during hospital stay as pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular accidents, ... * patients unable or not willing to provide informed signed consent. * patients unable to use the bronchial clearing device. * patients unable to perform spirometry. * patients unable or not willing to comply to the management plan or the study protocol. * patients receiving regular oral steroids or non-selective beta blockers.

Keywords: copd acute exacerbation opep
aphid- primary care accuracy study

Conditions: Medication Review

Summary: we are studying patients' abilities to correctly identify the prescription medications they are taking. we are interested in understanding what tools will help patients correctly identify their medications. people participating in this study will be asked to either review a paper printout of their medication list or a computer program with their medications. the program will show the names and pictures of the medications. in either situation, participants will be asked to indicate if they are taking the medications as prescribed. we will then compare reported adherence between each medication review process. participation may help the program developers improve the product.

the trial compares a paper-based medication adherence questionnaire to an electronic medication adherence questionnaire. results from each arm will be compared to the ambulatory medication list on file with the clinic and a separate medication review interview conducted by a trained clinician. we intend to compare adherence patterns and medication use discrepancy rates between each approach. this data will help us to determine what strategies work best to solicit an accurate medication history from the patient.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * veteran with primary care appointment at portland va * three or more medications in medication profile exclusion criteria: * visual impairment * upper extremity neuromuscular impairment * cognitive impairment * unable to speak and read english * never been seen at a va
real-world dapagliflozin experience in patients with heart failure in greece

Conditions: Heart Failure

Summary: heart failure (hf) is a global, public health issue that affects more than 63 million people worldwide. despite advancements in treatment, a hf diagnosis still leads to significant morbidity and mortality. dapagliflozin has been approved by both the us food and drug administration (fda) and the european medicines agency (ema), in may 2020 and november 2020 respectively, for hf with reduced ejection fraction (hfref). the overall aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients initiating dapagliflozin for the treatment of hfref and to provide early insights into real-world dapagliflozin treatment patterns as well as patient-reported outcomes (pros) including quality of life.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≥18 years as of study index date; the study index date is the date of initiation of treatment with dapagliflozin * patient received/receiving treatment with dapagliflozin for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in accordance with the local dapagliflozin product label * signed and dated informed consent prior to enrolment in the study exclusion criteria: * patient is enrolled less than 14 days or more than 60 days following initiation of dapagliflozin * prior treatment with dapagliflozin or other sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor treatment * initiation of dapagliflozin outside of local heart failure label * diagnosis of type 1 diabetes prior to enrolment
the effects of rhus coriaria l. on serum uric acid levels

Conditions: Hyperuricemia

Summary: the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rhus coriaria l. (rhus) commonly known as "somagh" on serum uric acid levels.

rhus coriaria l.(rhus) is a well-known spice widely consumed in the world which has also been utilized extensively for medicinal purposes. the antioxidant components of this plant made it a favorable target for laboratory and animal studies in different conditions such as oxidative stress cytotoxicity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. rhus (somagh) is found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide, often growing in areas of marginal agricultural capacity. rhus is used as an herbal remedy in traditional medicine because of its assumed analgesic, antidiarrheic, antiseptic, anorexic and antihyperglycemic properties. the fruits of rhus contain flavonols, phenolic acids, hydrolysable tannins, anthocyans and organic acids such as malice, citric and tartaric acids. some studies have shown that polyphenols could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and cancer and could be regarded as bioactive compounds with a high potential health-promoting capacity. phenolic compounds inhibit lipid peroxidation, scavenge the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, and enhance the activities of detoxifying enzymes. uric acid (ua; 7,9-dihydro-1h-purine-2,6,8(3h)-trione) has been implicated as a risk factor and cause of numerous disease states. some disease states, such as gout, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, have been shown to result when ua levels in the blood are too high. hyperuricemia predicts the development of hypertension in the general population, and an independent positive correlation between ua levels and the occurrence of hypertension has been reported. hyperuricemia may also be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. the manipulation of serum ua levels has become a popular strategy in the treatment of a variety of diseases. this is either accomplished through dietary and lifestyle changes or through treatment with ua reducing drugs. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rhus coriaria l. (rhus) commonly known as somagh on serum uric acid levels.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy individuals exclusion criteria: * serum uric acid levels that need medical treatment * gout * diabetes mellitus * hypo. or hyperthyroidism * any systemic illnesses e.g. liver cirrhosis, acute or chronic renal failure, heart failure * use of drugs: uric acid lowering agents * pregnancy * lactation * history of allergic reaction to somagh

Keywords: rhus medicine, traditional herbal medicine uric acid
clinical evaluation of hpv integration triage for detection of cervical precancer in hpv-positive women

Conditions: HPV Infection; Cervical Cancer

Summary: the american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology (asccp) recommended hpv testing or co-cytology testing as the standard primary approach for cervical cancer (cc) screening, which is highly sensitive for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse. however, in clinical cc screening practice, the specificity and positive predictive value of the asccp-recommended strategy is relatively low, which leads to excessive colposcopy and common overtreatment, especially in china with a large number of cervical cancer cases. hpv integration in the host genome is a critical step in cervical carcinogenesis and is highly specific for detection of cervical cancer. whether hpv integration analysis can play a role in the triage of cervical cancer screening has not yet been investigated.

based on the dilemma of the cervical cancer screening process, in the last five years, our team developed a novel cervical cancer triage strategy and conducted a large cohort study, which evaluated the clinical performance of hpv integration triage alone and in combination with hpv16/18 or hpv16 genotyping of hpv-positive women. we found that the specificity of hpv integration for greater than cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 was 94.5%, which was significantly higher than that of cytology (63.8%; p \< 0.001) in our previous retrospective study.here, we conducted a large prospective cohort study evaluating the clinical performance of hpv integration triage of hpv-positive women.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * consenting women aged 20y-70y with hpv-positive results exclusion criteria: * not providing informed consent * previously confirmed cin, cervical cancer, or other malignancies * previous therapeutic procedure to cervix * pregnancy

Keywords: cervical cancer screening, hpv test, hpv integration
safety and effectiveness of combining hydroxyurea (hu) with didanosine (ddi) and stavudine (d4t) for treatment of hiv-infected adults

Conditions: HIV Infections

Summary: the purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of 9 doses of hu in order to find the best dose of hu to use with ddi and d4t in fighting hiv infection. hu plus ddi plus d4t appears to be a suitable anti-hiv drug combination for long-term control of hiv. this combination can sharply decrease viral load (level of hiv in the body) with few side effects, making it easy to take.

the combination of hu plus ddi plus d4t appears to be suitable for long-term control of hiv in that it: (1) has a novel resistance/rebound profile demonstrating virus suppression even in the presence of ddi-resistant mutants; (2) can produce a pronounced fall in viral load; and (3) is well tolerated (over 200 patients have been treated for up to 3 years with minimal side effects). patients are stratified by antiretroviral experience: naive (no more than 2 weeks of therapy) versus experienced (more than 2 weeks). patients must discontinue all antiretroviral therapy for at least 28 days prior to randomization to 1 of 9 hu treatment arms. treatment arms are divided into 3 hu dose categories: very low, low, and medium. within each category hu is administered daily on 3 different dosing schedules. depending on viral load, patients on the very low and low dose arms may have the opportunity to intensify their hu dose at any time beyond week 12, provided no grade 3 or 4 hu-related toxicity is present (these patients are monitored for an additional 8 weeks following intensification). all patients receive ddi and d4t at the same doses every day. when 50% of patients have completed 24 weeks of treatment, an analysis is made to determine whether or not to continue the 52-week study without modifications. patients are monitored periodically for changes in plasma hiv rna, cd4 cell counts, weight, and symptoms.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria patients may be eligible for this study if they: * are hiv-positive. * have a viral load of 5,000 to 100,000 copies/ml. * are willing to stop all anti-hiv medications for at least 28 days before receiving study drugs. * are at least 18 years old. exclusion criteria patients will not be eligible for this study if they: * have a history of opportunistic (aids-related) infection. * have a history of pancreatitis or other serious condition. * have any cancer that will require chemotherapy within the next 24 weeks. * are allergic to ddi or d4t. * have received an hiv vaccine within 28 days of study entry. * have received a red blood cell transfusion within the past 60 days, or have had repeated transfusions at any time in the past. * abuse alcohol or drugs. * have received certain medications.

Keywords: didanosine dose-response relationship, drug drug therapy, combination stavudine hydroxyurea reverse transcriptase inhibitors anti-hiv agents
glucose, whey protein and time to the next meal on mealtime food intake in children

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: the investigators hypothesize that glucose and whey protein given 30 and 60 min before a pizza meal will exert different effects on food intake in adolescent children, and will depend on pubertal stage. food intake will be measured at 30 and 60 min following a glucose(0.75 g of glucose/kg body weight), whey protein (0.75 g of glucose/kg body weight) or sweetened noncaloric beverage. subjective appetite will be measured as well.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children with no emotional, behavioral or learning problems exclusion criteria: * underweight children * children with emotional, behavioral or learning problems * children who dislike foods in study
clinical pharmacogenetic of ibuprofen after lower third molar surgeries

Conditions: Pain; Other Surgical Procedures; Impacted Third Molar Tooth

Summary: the present clinical trial randomized will be to assess the link between the different haplotypes of cyp2c8 and cyp2c9 genes and the clinical efficacy of ibuprofen after lower third molar extractions. onset, duration of postoperative analgesia, duration of anesthetic action on soft tissues, intraoperative bleeding, hemodynamic parameters, postoperative mouth opening and wound healing at the 7th postoperative day were evaluated. for this purpose, 200 healthy volunteers underwent removal of one lower third molar, under local anesthesia with articaine 4% (1:200,000 adrenaline) will be genotyped and phenotyped for these genes and their postoperative records with all data collected will be compared with the haplotypes found in the brazilian population.

the aim of this study will be to assess the link between the different haplotypes of cyp2c8 and cyp2c9 genes and the clinical efficacy of ibuprofen after lower third molar extractions regarding pain, swelling and trismus, adverse reactions, the amount of pain medication used, the patient satisfaction with the drug and the influence of the ability on preoperative modulation of conditioned pain. we will evaluate also the relationship between the different haplotypes of oprm1 gene (snp a118g), the salivary concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-2, il-4, il-6, il-10 and tnf-±), and preoperative conditioned pain modulation. therefore, 200 patients will be genotyped and phenotyped for these genes and their postoperative records with all data collected will be compared with the haplotypes found in the brazilian population. for analysis of the proposed genes, saliva will be collected, which will serve as a source of genomic dna. for molecular analysis it will be performed polymerase chain reaction (pcr). all tests will be conducted and validated by applied biosystems®. also it will be held in the research, genetic sequencing of the genes cyp2c8, cyp2c9 and oprm1, to verify possible correlations of these genes with postoperative pain and pain modulation.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * need of lower third molar surgeries exclusion criteria: * presence of systemic diseases; * presence of local inflammation and/or infection; * any history of allergic reaction to local anesthetics, gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration; * cardiovascular, kidney or hepatic diseases; * patients who are making use of antidepressants, diuretics or anticoagulants; * asthma and allergy to aspirin, ibuprofen or any other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; * regular use of any nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, * pregnancy or breast feeding.

Keywords: ibuprofen lower third molar oral surgery
effectiveness of montelukast versus intranasal fluticasone propionate in the management of allergic rhinitis among children 02 to 05 years of age

Conditions: Allergic Rhinitis

Summary: to determine the effectiveness of montelukast versus intranasal fluticasone propionate in the management of allergic rhinitis among children 02 to 05 years of age.

our study will compare the effectiveness of montelukast versus intranasal fluticasone propionate in the management of allergic rhinitis among children 02 to 05 years of age as in our population compliance with oral medication is better among patients, and is socially and culturally more acceptable.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age:02 to 05 years of age * both genders will be included. * patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. exclusion criteria: * patients older than 05 years of age * a positive history of hiv,tb,immune deficiency. * any nasal structural abnormality i.e.polyps,deviated nasal septum. * history of frequent nasal bleeding,epistaxis. * concomitant asthma.

Keywords: allergic rhinitis in children montelukast intranasal fluticasone propionate
relationship between mouth opening and masseter elasticity in oral cancer

Conditions: Oral Cancer

Summary: the study aims to assess the hardness of masticatory muscles in post-surgical oral cancer patients using strain elastography ultrasound, calculating the masseter elasticity index and exploring its association with maximum interincisal mouth opening. furthermore, the study incorporates exercise training to analyze whether changes in masseter hardness can serve as an objective indicator for predicting the improvement of trismus.

this study aims to evaluate the hardness of masticatory muscles in patients who have undergone surgery for oral cancer, using strain elastography ultrasound. specifically, the research focuses on measuring the elasticity of the masseter muscle by calculating the masseter elasticity index (mei) and analyzing its correlation with maximum interincisal mouth opening (mio). since trismus, or restricted mouth opening, is a common post-surgical complication affecting oral function and quality of life, understanding the relationship between muscle elasticity and jaw mobility is crucial. additionally, the study incorporates a structured exercise training program designed to improve jaw function in these patients. by monitoring changes in masseter muscle hardness before and after the intervention, the research aims to determine whether variations in muscle elasticity can serve as an objective indicator for predicting improvements in trismus.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. newly diagnosed oral cancer patients who are scheduled to receive cancer-related treatments (e.g., oral cancer surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy). 2. age between 20 and 65 years. exclusion criteria: 1. could not communicate. 2. had any disorder that could influence movement performance.

Keywords: maximum interincisal opening elastography masseter muscle elasticity