paclitaxel/carboplatin with or without cetuximab in cup

Conditions: Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Carcinoma

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether an addition of cetuximab to carboplatin/paclitaxel can improve efficacy in comparison to carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with carcinoma of unknown-primary.

carcinomas of unknown primary (cup) account for approximately 2-5% of all cancer diagnoses. except for some subsets with favorable prognosis, for most of these patients, treatment options are limited, and no standard first-line regimen has been identified. standard therapy for patients with adeno- or undifferentiated cup is paclitaxel/carboplatin, yielding response rates between 20-40%. in recent years, targeted therapies with inhibitors to egfr, several tyrosine kinases, and vegf have been shown to improve survival in different solid tumor entities. cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against the egf receptor, has proved efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc). because of these promising results it seems to be reasonable to examine the impact of adding cetuximab to standard chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with cup.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * histologic or cytologic proven, non-resectable carcinoma of unknown primary (adenocarcinoma or non-differentiated carcinoma) * measurable tumor lesion(s) according to recist criteria * who ps 0 to 1 * paclitaxel/carboplatin with or without cetuximab in adeno- and undifferentiated cup (pacet-cup) * signed written informed consent * ≥ 18 years of age * effective contraception for both male and female subjects if the risk of conception exists * adequate bone marrow function: * neutrophiles blood cell count (nbc) ≥ 1,5x109/l * platelet count ≥ 100x109/l * hemoglobin ≥ 5,00 mmol/l (8 g/dl) * adequate liver and renal function: * bilirubin ≤ 1,5 x upper normal level (unl) and not increasing more than 25% within the last 4 weeks * asat and alat ≤ 2,5 x unl or in case of liver metastases ≤ 5 x unl * serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x unl exclusion criteria: * previous exposure to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeting therapy * previous chemotherapy except adjuvant treatment with progression of disease documented \> 6 months after end of adjuvant treatment * radiotherapy or major abdominal or thoracic surgery within the last 4 weeks before inclusion * concurrent chronic systemic immunotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone therapy * investigational agents or participation in clinical trials within 30 days before treatment start in this study * clinically relevant coronary disease or myocardial infarction within 12 months before study entry * possibility of a curative local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) * women with axillary node metastasis as predominant tumor site * women with peritoneal carcinomatosis as predominant tumor site * men \< 50 years old with retroperitoneal or mediastinal lymph node +/- lung metastases as predominant tumor site * identification of the primary or suspicion of a specific tumor entity by reference histopathology (i.e., her-2 positive or hormone receptor positive tumors corresponding to breast cancer, ck7-negative/ck20- positive tumors with high probability for colorectal cancer) * peripheral neuropathy \> ctc grade i * previous malignancy within the last 5 years (except history of basal cell carcinoma of skin or pre-invasive carcinoma of the cervix with adequate treatment) * history of severe psychiatric illness * life expectancy less than six weeks * drug or alcohol abuse * known hypersensitivity reaction to any of the components of the study treatment * pregnancy (absence to be confirmed by β-hcg test) or lactation period * brain metastasis and/or leptomeningeal disease (known or suspected) * acute or sub-acute intestinal occlusion or inflammatory bowel disease

Keywords: carcinoma of unknown primary cancer of unknown primary cup carboplatin paclitaxel cetuximab