Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
bile acids and microbiome in early colorectal carcinogenesis

Conditions: Colorectal Neoplasms; Colorectal Cancer; Colorectal Polyp; Microbiome; Bile Acid Malabsorption

Summary: currently colorectal cancer pathogenesis is mainly explained by the adenoma-carcinoma sequence theory that was proposed more than half a century ago. it mainly focuses on the explanation of genetic mutations that develop throughout the disease course. however, several studies argue that there are also noticeable bile acid metabolism changes and microbiome composition changes within in colorectal cancer patients. however, carcinoma is the final step in the sequence, and prior steps are noticeably less well studied. thus, the investigators hypothesize, that changes within microbiome and the changes in the urine, serum and gut bile acid composition further leads to the development of colorectal adenoma and subsequent invasive carcinoma. adult participants (15 per group) referred for colonoscopy and histologically diagnosed with small (\ 1cm) adenomas, invasive crc will be included in the study, as well as 15 healthy controls. fecal samples will be collected from all participants before bowel preparation. additionally, urine and serum samples will be collected. participants will undergo polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resections, depending on the location, size and histology of the polyp found. during colonoscopy the mucosal biopsy specimens from the lesion and from the healthy bowel -terminal ileum, and colon will be obtained using sterile biopsy forceps. the collected samples will be stored for bile acid and microbiome analysis and for possible further pathology and genetic testing. healthy participants without visible colorectum pathology during colonoscopy will undergo colon and terminal ileum mucosal sampling. the investigators plan to evaluate the correlation between the urine and gut microbiome changes and bile acid composition and concentration in adenoma-carcinoma sequence and possibly determine novel bile acids. in addition, fecal, urine and tissue samples will be explored for gut microbiota and bile acid composition changes in healthy and along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, with the possibility to propose a diagnostic test.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - patients that have clinical indications for colonoscopy exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * immunocompromised * previously diagnosed colorectal diseases * radiotherapy to the pelvis * long term antibiotic use within 6 months * continuous use of proton pump inhibitors

Keywords: colorectal neoplasms colorectal cancer colorectal polyp microbiome bile acid
adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer with chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (trace)

Conditions: Gastric Cancer

Summary: post-operative radio-chemotherapy decrease the recurrence risk of gastric cancer(n engl j med 2001). however the chemotherapy regimen (5 fluorouracil iv bolus) used was toxic and suboptimal. we propose to evaluate in adjuvant situation an active and well tolerate chemotherapy regimen (folfiri)in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. during the radiotherapy we will use 5 fu continue infusion as previously reported. the global design of adjuvant treatment will be four folfiri courses, radiotherapy (45 gy)with 5fu iv continue then four folfiri.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * gastric adenocarcinoma histologically confirmed * tumor t3 or n+ at the pretherapeutic staging (scanner and endoscopic ultrasound) * performance status who\<2 * serum albumin \>30 gr/l * weight loss \< 10% in the next 6 months * signed informed consent form exclusion criteria: * metastatic disease * prior abdominal radiotherapy
a multicenter cross-sectional study of cardiac ultrasound phenotypes in patients with sepsis

Conditions: Cardiac Ultrasound Phenotypes; Septic Myocardial Suppression; Hyperdynamic State Left Ventricular Function in Sepsis Patients; Outcome

Summary: the heart, one of the most important organs for oxygen supply and consumption, is frequently involved in sepsis, i.e. septic cardiomyopathy, also known as septic myocardial suppression. the occurrence of septic myocardial suppression increases mortality in septic patients. recent studies have found that left ventricular hyperdynamic state (ef \> 70%) is associated with intra-icu mortality in septic patients, possibly because it reflects unresolved vascular paralysis from sepsis . for septic myocardial suppression, there is still a lack of uniform criteria for diagnosis, but it is well established that the cardiac ultrasound phenotype of septic myocardial suppression can be left ventricular systolic insufficiency (lvsd), left ventricular diastolic insufficiency (lvdd), right ventricular insufficiency (rvd), diffuse ventricular insufficiency, and mixed ventricular insufficiency. according to incomplete statistics, the prevalence of lvsd ranges from 12 to 60%, the prevalence of lvdd is higher, 20% to 79%, and the prevalence of rvd varies from 30% to 55%. however, based on the current understanding of septic myocardial suppression, the relationship between each staging and its prognosis is unclear, and echocardiography can rapidly identify septic myocardial suppression and guide the classification of septic myocardial suppression to further optimize the diagnosis and treatment process of sepsis, especially to avoid over-resuscitation during fluid resuscitation and perform reverse resuscitation in a timely manner to improve patient prognosis and reduce hospitalization time. the aim of this study is to classify and evaluate the prognosis of patients with different septic cardiac ultrasound phenotypes in multiple centers across china by measuring the right and left heart systolic and diastolic indices by echocardiography, recording the baseline conditions and clinical indices of patients, and combining them with the prognosis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - all patients with sepsis or septic shock who conform to sepsis 3.0 diagnostic criteria exclusion criteria: 1. patients with preexisting chronic heart disease such as cardiomyopathy, chronic pulmonary heart disease, severe cardiac valve disease, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, etc. and with cardiac function ≥ grade iii (nyha classification) prior to sepsis. 2. end-stage malignancies. 3. severe trauma. 4. pregnancy. 5. patients for whom transthoracic echocardiography data are not available.
human milk oligossaccharide and acetate production in vivo

Conditions: Obesity; Insulin Resistance

Summary: the study investigators hypothesize (1) that the scfa/acetate metabolism differs between metabolic phenotypes and (2) that using a mixture of fibres that differ in degree of polymerization and branching namely a resistant starch and a human-like milk oligosaccharide enhance the acetate availability in the distal colon and systemic circulation, consequently leading to its metabolic effects. to study this, the investigators will supplement lean, normoglycaemic vs. overweight/obese, prediabetic men with the fibre mixture the day before the clinical investigation day (cid) and study during the cid its effects on fasting and postprandial substrate and energy metabolism.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: lean (bmi ≥ 20kg/m2 and ≤ 24.9kg/m2) healthy men aged 30 - 65 years as well as overweight/obese (bmi ≥ 25kg/m2 and ≤ 34.9kg/m2) prediabetic men aged between 30 - 65 years exclusion criteria: * type 2 diabetes mellitus (defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.1 mmol/l and 2h glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l) * gastroenterological diseases or abdominal surgery; * cardiovascular diseases, cancer, liver or kidney malfunction, disease with a life expectancy shorter than 5 years; * abuse of products; alcohol and drugs, excessive nicotine use defined as \>20 cigarettes per day; * plans to lose weight or following of a hypocaloric diet; * regular supplementation of pre- or probiotic products, use of pre- or probiotics 3 months prior to the start of the study; * intensive exercise training more than three hours a week; * use of any medication that influences glucose or fat metabolism and inflammation (i.e. nsaids); * regular use of laxation products; * use of antibiotics in the last three months (antibiotics use can alter substantially the gut microbiota composition). * follow a vegan diet.
feasibility of mri workflow alone in external radiotherapy for the treatment of brain and prostate tumors

Conditions: Prostate Cancer; Brain Cancer

Summary: in radiotherapy, magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is used as a complement to the ct scanner because it provides better tissue contrast and therefore more precise delineations without the need for additional irradiation. however, mri does not allow the definition of the electronic densities of the tissues necessary for dose calculation. in this work, we sought to measure the feasibility of a method for generating ct-synthetic images from mri in terms of dosimetric and geometrical precision for the purpose of mri workflow alone (see diagram). the cerebral sphere and the prostate are the two tumor locations considered. all patients will have a planning ct (reference) and an mri in the treatment position. the contours of the structures will be contoured by a radiotherapist on both the mri and the reference ct. synthetic cts will be generated from the mri with the method of automatic assignment of densities in five classes. the volumes bypassed and the dosimetries performed will be compared. a study of the quality of the images generated from mri for dose calculation and images for the verification of per-treatment positioning will be performed.

this is a prospective single-center dosimetry study that exhaustively included brain tumor and prostate cancer patients treated at the ico site d'angers by external radiotherapy and prior to which they were given an mri and a simulation ct in treatment position over a 12-month period. for patients who agree to participate in the study, ct-synthetic images will be generated from the mri images by automatic assignment of densities (5 classes). reference ct images from ct and synthetic ct images from mri will be available for comparison for all eligible patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age ≥ 18 years old 2. male or female with a (primary) brain tumour or male with cancer and localized (non-metastatic) prostate cancer 3. patient having benefited from a planning mri scan in treatment position performed according to the new acquisition modalities (allowing the generation of ct-synthetics by automatic assignment of densities) performed since january 2020 and a planning scanner in treatment position prior to external radiotherapy. 4. good general condition (sp \< 3) exclusion criteria: 1. excluded forms of the disease, 2. mri-specific contraindications (claustrophobia, foreign bodies) 3. obesity preventing the placement of equipment (contention/antennae) 4. poor general condition (sp \> or = 2) preventing the patient from standing on the table -
effect of pneumoperitoneum anterior abdominal wall tissue oxygenation

Conditions: Laparoscopy; Abdominal Wall

Summary: during laparoscopic surgery, the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide for abdominal imaging and increased intraabdominal pressure affects intraabdominal structures and abdominal wall.

the investigators aimed to investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum administered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on abdominal wall oxygenation and postoperative pain scores.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients who were in the american society of anesthesiologists (asa) i-iii class * underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy exclusion criteria: * previous surgeon surgeon * local anesthetic allergy, * bleeding is a diathesis disorder * mental impairment, * allergic to the drugs used, * patients who are not reluctant to participate in the study, * presence of infection in the block area, * patients whose body mass index is over 30
evaluation of three pulp vitality tests

Conditions: Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Pulp Vitality Testing

Summary: the objectives of this study are to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of laser doppler flowmetry in determining the vitality of teeth and comparing with those of electric pulp testing and cold testing.

prior to starting any endodontic treatment, it is essential to determine the vitality of the tooth in question. vitality of a tooth is defined as the presence of blood flow into the tooth. the vitality status of a tooth will affect the success of endodontic treatment, and therefore plays an important role in treatment planning. two established methods of determining vitality are electric pulp tests and cold tests. however, both these methods have drawbacks. both methods use the presence of sensory feedback in the tooth as a predictor of tooth vitality. this can lead to errors because blood flow and nerves in the tooth may be lost at different times, resulting in false-positive and false-negative responses. both are subjective and patient-dependent, relying on the patient to indicate when pain is felt. in addition, studies have suggested that electric pulp testing and cold tests are not as reliable in immature teeth, teeth undergoing orthodontic movement, traumatized teeth, and teeth with significant secondary dentin. laser doppler flowmetry is a technique that utilizes the doppler principle to determine blood flow. it has been used widely in the medical field to measure blood flow in the skin. some studies have also shown good results in measuring blood flow in the pulp of teeth. the objectives of this study are to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of laser doppler flowmetry in determining the vitality of teeth and comparing with those of electric pulp testing and cold testing.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * criteria for inclusion in the study will be that the individual has teeth that require endodontic treatment and patient is willing to undergo two additional vitality tests which will take about 20 minutes of additional time. exclusion criteria: * no group of special subjects or vulnerable population is being targeted in this study.

Keywords: pulp vitality pulp testing
emollient therapy for premature infants in zimbabwe

Conditions: Very Low Birth Weight Infant

Summary: the purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of topical emollient treatments in improving neonatal growth and mortality rates.

for infants whose parent/caretaker provides written informed consent, the study nurse coordinator on-site will allocate infants to one of two strata (700- \<1000 g or 1000-1500 g). participants within each stratum will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two treatment groups: 1) high-linoleate sso, or 2) standard-of-care treatment without use of topical emollients or massage.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * infants \<72 hours of age * weigh 700-1500 at birth * hospitalized at smch exclusion criteria: * infants who are moribund and highly likely not to survive despite any intervention * significant breaches in their skin barrier * conditions indicating failure to gain weight * critically ill (definition below): 1. oxygen saturation \<88% on oxygen therapy and ≥2 of the following conditions: 2. respiratory rate \ 100 breaths per minute 3. apnea requiring bag-mask ventilation 4. heart rate \ 200 beats per minute * congenital syphilis * hydrops fetalis * a life-threatening congenital anomaly or major surgical condition requiring intervention * generalized skin disease or a structural defect involving \>5% body surface area likely to produce a defect in epidermal barrier function

Keywords: emollient therapy sunflower seed oil (sso) skin barrier zimbabwe neonatal mortality newborn care preterm infants postnatal care growth
covid-19 wellness survey

Conditions: Health Behavior

Summary: this study will collect data on physical activity, food consumption, stress, sleep, and alcohol consumption habits both before and after the national emergency for covid-19 was put into place. this will help identify the health behavior changes taking place due to the covid-19 pandemic in the united states. data on past and current health behaviors will be self-reported by participants via a single online survey. the retrospective health behavior questions will be the same quantitative questions as the current health behavior questions so a direct comparison can be made. there will be a couple qualitative questions to assess what each participant feels are the greatest barriers or impacts to their current health behaviors. participants will be recruited via convenient sampling. data collected in this study will show a decline in at least one healthy behavior after the united states national emergency for covid-19.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - exclusion criteria: * under the age of 18 and anyone who does not currently reside in the united states
study of aprepitant / fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv) in colorectal cancer patients - senri trial

Conditions: Colorectal Cancer

Summary: the object of this study is to evaluate the superiority of aprepitant therapy with a 5ht3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone and aprepitant compared to standard therapy with a 5ht3-receptor antagonist and dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting in first course chemotherapy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age: ≥20 years old * sex: not specified * patients with colon/rectal cancer who first underwent folfox, xelox or sox regimen including oxaliplatin at ≥85 mg/m2 (naive patient), or those who had already started chemotherapy and had nausea of grade 2 or higher in the last course or an earlier course (non-naive patient). * stage: not specified (neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy, advanced or recurrent type are allowed) * combination of molecular targeted therapy: allowable * written informed consent for participation in the study. exclusion criteria: * severe liver or kidney disease * nausea/vomiting within 24 hr prior to chemotherapy. * treatment with antiemetics within 24 hr prior to chemotherapy. * presence of factors causing nausea/vomiting other than chemotherapy (e.g. brain tumor, gastrointestinal obstruction, active peptic ulcer disease, brain metastasis) * presence of a disease precluding 3-day administration of dexamethasone (e.g. uncontrollable diabetes) * pregnant or lactating women, women who plan to become pregnant. * current treatment with pimozide. * any patient judged to be inappropriate for the study by the investigator.

Keywords: aprepitant therapy fosaprepitant therapy 5ht3-receptor antagonist dexamethasone colorectal cancer folfox xelox sox
the effect of an interactive video on nursing students' learning in the care of anti-embolism stockings

Conditions: Nursing Students; Surgical Patients

Summary: this study will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial with a parallel design to determine the impact of an interactive video developed for the care of surgical patients wearing anti-embolism stockings on nursing students' learning outcomes. the research hypotheses are as follows: h0a: there is no significant difference in knowledge levels related to anti-embolism stocking care between the experimental and control groups. h0b: there is no significant difference in skill levels related to anti-embolism stocking care between the experimental and control groups.

the study will be conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design with third-year nursing students who have successfully completed their second year at a public university in a province of turkey. the sample will include 60 students, with 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the active control group. data will be collected using the student demographic characteristics form, the perioperative anti-embolism stockings care knowledge assessment form, the perioperative anti-embolism stockings application skills assessment form, and the interactive video evaluation form, all of which were developed by the researchers based on the literature. the study will evaluate the impact of the interactive video developed for the care of surgical patients wearing anti-embolism stockings on the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the student's academic average must be above 2.00. * the student must own a smartphone, tablet, or laptop/desktop computer capable of downloading the video. * the student must have internet access. * the student must be willing to participate in the study voluntarily. exclusion criteria: * graduates of health vocational high schools. * students who have failed the surgical diseases nursing course. * students who have not participated in any of the stages of the study. * students who voluntarily decide to withdraw from the study.

Keywords: anti-embolism stockings interactive video hypervideo nursing education
establish the relationship between shift in prescribing pattern and associated shift in sensitivity pattern of causative microbes in uti patients in a closed community

Conditions: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection; Antibiotic Resistant Infection

Summary: to establish a relationship between changed prescribing pattern and associated shift in sensitivity trend of causative microbes in patients of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in a closed community

antibiotic resistance has become a startling issue in last two decades. many strategies are being followed to combat antibiotic resistance; revival of older, effective antibiotics is one of those approaches. urinary tract infection is one of the most common indication for which antibiotics are prescribed. despite having published guidelines in urinary tract infection, studies show that there is wide variability in prescription. the proposed study is designed to reinforce the guideline among a group of prescribers and evaluate the associated shift in sensitivity pattern of common urinary pathogens. this study will be a double center, controlled clinical trial. in this study, the prescribers in intervention arm will be given educational intervention and in control arm no intervention will be given. when a patient is diagnosed as a case of uncomplicated urinary tract infection clinically in intervention arm, after fulfilling the study criteria the patient will be enrolled in the study. prescription data will be collected on daily basis and sensitivity data will be collected monthly. clinical outcome of the patients enrolled in the study will be measured over telephone, after completion of their treatment. sensitivity pattern will be analysed monthly after collection of sensitivity data from the laboratory affiliated with the hospital. all these data will be compiled and analysed at the end of the study. in control arm, prescription data will be collected fortnightly and sensitivity data will be collected monthly. all these data will be compiled and analysed at the end of the study. after approval from the institutional review board (irb), enrolled patient will be informed about the intervention and the study.informed written consent will be taken from all the patients, who will take part in the study willingly. patient's anonymity will be maintained and will be used for study purpose only.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * clinically diagnosed uncomplicated urinary tract infection * patient agreed to participate in the study signing an informed written consent exclusion criteria: * known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin * known case of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency * suspected complicated or recurrent uti * elderly patients of 65 years or more * neonates ang pregnant women