a phase iv, open label, 4-period cross-over study to investigate a drug interaction between lamivudine and sorbitol oral solutions in healthy volunteers

Conditions: Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Summary: lamivudine (3tc) is a nucleoside analogue indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in adults and children. documented literature elucidates that simultaneous administration of multiple sorbitol-containing products could increase the potential for a significant interaction and may contribute to the lower 3tc exposures. in this study several sorbitol doses (3.2 gram (g), 10.2 g, and 13.4 g solutions) will be administered with lamivudine to investigate dose dependency and mimic the situation where multiple sorbitol-containing antiretroviral medications may be co-administered with lamivudine. it will be open label, randomized, 4-way crossover (by william's design method) design at a single centre. randomized participants will receive a single dose of each of four treatments after wash out period of minimum 7 days.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * between 18 and 65 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent. * healthy as determined by the investigator or medically qualified designee based on a medical evaluation including medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests. * a participant with a clinical abnormality or laboratory parameter(s) which is/are not specifically listed in the inclusion or exclusion criteria, outside the reference range for the population being studied may be included only if the investigator in consultation with the medical monitor if required agree and document that the finding is unlikely to introduce additional risk factors and will not interfere with the study procedures. * body weight \>=50 kilogram (kg) (110 pounds \[lb\]) for men and \>45 kg (99 lb) for women and body mass index (bmi) within the range 18.5 - 31 kg/meter square (m\^2) (inclusive). * male or female. females a female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant (as confirmed by a negative serum or urine human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) test), not lactating, and at least one of the following conditions applies: non-reproductive potential defined as: pre-menopausal females with one of the following: documented tubal ligation or documented hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure with follow-up confirmation of bilateral tubal occlusion or hysterectomy or documented bilateral oophorectomy; postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea \[in questionable cases a blood sample with simultaneous follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) and estradiol levels consistent with menopause. females on hormone replacement therapy (hrt) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the highly effective contraception methods if they wish to continue their hrt during the study. otherwise, they must discontinue hrt to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrolment. * capable of giving signed informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form and in the protocol. exclusion criteria: * alt and bilirubin \>1.5x upper limit of normal (uln) (isolated bilirubin \>1.5xuln is acceptable if bilirubin is fractionated and direct bilirubin \<35 percent \[%\]). * current or chronic history of liver disease, or known hepatic or biliary abnormalities (with the exception of gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones). * participants with a pre-existing condition interfering with normal gastrointestinal anatomy or motility, hepatic and/or renal function, that could interfere with the absorption, metabolism, and/or excretion of the study drugs. participants with a history of cholecystectomy, peptic ulceration, inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis should be excluded. * corrected qt (qtc) interval according to fridericia's formula (qtcf) \> 450 milli-seconds (msec). notes: 1. the qtc is the qt interval corrected for heart rate according to fridericia's formula, machine-read or manually over-read. 2. the specific formula that will be used to determine eligibility and discontinuation for an individual participant should be determined prior to initiation of the study. in other words, several different formulae cannot be used to calculate the qtc for an individual participant and then the lowest qtc value used to include or discontinue the participant from the trial. 3. for purposes of data analysis, corrected qt interval according to bazett's formula (qtcb), qtcf, another qt correction formula, or a composite of available values of qtc will be used as specified in the reporting and analysis plan (rap). * unable to refrain from the use of prescription or non-prescription drugs, including vitamins, herbal and dietary supplements (including st john's wort) within 7 days (or 14 days if the drug is a potential enzyme inducer) or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to the first dose of study medication until completion of the follow-up visit, unless in the opinion of the investigator and medical monitor the medication will not interfere with the study procedures or compromise participant safety. * history of regular alcohol consumption within 6 months of the study defined as: an average weekly intake of \>14 drinks for males or \>7 drinks for females. one drink is equivalent to 12 g of alcohol: 12 ounces (360 millilitre \[ml\]) of beer, 5 ounces (150 ml) of wine or 1.5 ounces (45 ml) of 80 proof distilled spirits. * urinary cotinine levels indicative of smoking or history or regular use of tobacco- or nicotine-containing products within 6 months prior to screening. * consumption of red wine, seville oranges, grapefruit or grapefruit juice and/or pummelos, exotic citrus fruits, grapefruit hybrids or fruit juices from 7 days prior to the first dose of study medications. * history of sensitivity to any of the study medications, or components thereof or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the investigator or medical monitor, contraindicates their participation. * creatinine clearance (crcl) \<60 ml/minutes (min). * presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), positive hepatitis c antibody test result at screening or within 3 months prior to first dose of study treatment. * a positive pre-study drug/alcohol screen. * a positive test for hiv antibody. * where participation in the study would result in donation of blood or blood product in excess of 500 ml within 56 days. * the participant has participated in a clinical trial and has received an investigational product within the following time period prior to the first dosing day in the current study: 30 days, 5 half-lives or twice the duration of the biological effect of the investigational product (whichever is longer). * exposure to more than four new chemical entities within 12 months prior to the first dosing day.

Keywords: lamivudine safety sorbitol pharmacokinetics