Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
postoperative cognitive dysfunction in heart surgery

Conditions: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Summary: to determine the rate of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) in the early and late postoperative periods by comparing the preop and postop period mini mental status tests in participants undergoing open heart surgery, and to compare the results of the investgators clinic with the world literature.

postoperative delirium (pod) and cognitive dysfunction (pocd) are changes in mental status, especially in the geriatric surgery population.unlike other forms of delirium, pod results in early full recovery.postoperative cognitive dysfunction (pocd) is more difficult to define and implies temporal consciousness impairment associated with surgery. while the diagnosis of delirium requires the detection of symptoms, the diagnosis of pocd requires preoperative neuropsychological testing and determining how much reduction will mean cognitive dysfunction. postoperative delirium management is complex and requires multiple strategies. methods of treating and preventing pocd are still uncertain.it is known that pocd is most commonly seen in patients undergoing open heart surgery.in this study, the investigators aim is to evaluate whether there is any change in cognitive status in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period of participants who will undergo open heart surgery due to valve pathology or coronary stenosis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18-75 age * american society of anesthesiologists (asa) ii-iii exclusion criteria: * \>75 age * \<18 age * patients who died within 48 hours after the operation

Keywords: cognitive dysfuncti̇on heart surgery postoperative delirium
integrated hypertension and hiv care cascades in uganda

Conditions: Hypertension; HIV

Summary: in this retrospective cohort study, we mapped the care cascades for both hypertension and hiv within a hiv program in uganda with the goal of identifying opportunities for developing contextually appropriate integrated care models, .

persons living with hiv (plhiv) and receiving anti-retroviral therapy (art) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) due to direct effects of art and hiv infection itself, compounded by traditional cvd risk factors such as increased life expectancy and westernized diet. additionally, in sub-saharan africa, as is the case globally, hypertension (htn) is a major risk factor for cvd. the prevalence of htn in the setting of hiv reported in the literature is variable but may be higher than in the hiv-negative population. world health organization (who) and ugandan national hiv guidelines have recommended the integration of hypertension care into hiv programs since 2014 and 2016, but there has been limited uptake of this recommendation in practice. there have been successful efforts to integrate tuberculosis, malaria, nutrition, maternal-child health, and family planning into hiv programmes in uganda. in this study, with the goal of identifying opportunities for developing contextually appropriate integrated care models, we mapped the care cascades for both htn and hiv within a hiv program in uganda.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years of age and above, having started antiretroviral therapy between january 2014 and january 2017. exclusion criteria: * plhiv receiving treatment from clinics other than the 3 selected sites.

Keywords: integrated care cascade uganda
thermography in surveillance of ulcerative colitis

Conditions: Ulcerative Colitis

Summary: ulcerative colitis represents a chronic condition occurring in relapsing and remitting fashion with uncertain outcome and requires lifelong treatment with considerable side effects. diagnostic methods currently in use, clinical (endoscopy), imaging (ct, mr) or laboratory (c - reactive protein, fecal calprotectin) give an insight into disease activity but are possibly associated with significant discomfort for the patient and / or increased risk of irradiation and potential allergic reactions on contrast agents. for that reason there is a need for a noninvasive, biologically inert method for evaluation of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). thermography possesses most of these characteristics. the aim of this study is to find potential link between pathological thermographic signs and endoscopic findings, serum c reactive protein (crp) and calprotectin in the stool of patients with active and extensive ulcerative colitis.

hypothesis: documenting pathological thermographic signs in patients with extensive ulcerative colitis investigators will demonstrate pathological thermography criteria that correlate with standard inflammatory markers such as mayo endoscopic subscore (ess), crp and calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis. aims: the aim of this study is to record abdominal thermographic images of patients with active ulcerative colitis (uc), to create interpretational thermographic criteria for these images and to compare them to abdominal infrared (ir) images of healthy volunteers. furthermore, investigators intend to correlate these criteria with standard markers of inflammation such as crp and calprotectin in patients with uc at the beginning of treatment and at the end. materials and methods: for the purpose of this work, 36 patients with extensive uc and 30 healthy individuals will be put throe thermographic imagining, have their stool tested for calprotectin and their blood for crp. in addition, patients with uc will receive colonoscopy evaluations. expected scientific contribution: the results of this paper would give an additional contribution to existing tools for pursuing ulcerative colitis activity thus demonstrating the potential of thermography as a complementary method to standard methods in assessing disease activity. establishing diagnostic criteria for this method would be a good addition to present clinical practice.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * endoscopic diagnosis of active extensive ulcerative colitis * stool calprotectin \> 150 mcg/g * crp \> 5 mg/l * signed informed consent form exclusion criteria: * inability to preform total colonoscopy * marked abdominal comorbidities * prior abdominal surgery

Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis thermography endoscopy crp fecal calprotectin
rapid acceleration for diagnostics in underserved populations: home testing

Conditions: COVID-19

Summary: this observational, cohort sub-studyis embedded within a larger public health intervention that distributes at-home, self-administered, sars-cov-2 antigen testing kits to households within pre-selected communitiesthrough the cdc.within this sub-study, we will evaluate the socio-behavioral mechanisms of sars-cov-2 community transmission, including social interactions, health behaviors, healthcare utilization, knowledge, disease burden, and feasibility of at-home testing. the study hypothesis is that positive at-home test results will be associated withaltered self-reported social interactions and altered health behaviors compared to negative test results. surveys and questionnaires will be completed by participants through the smartphone app or via call center phone calls according to the schedule of events.questionnaires will collect data on demographic characteristics, medical history and health status, covid testing and symptoms, social interactions, knowledge of prevention strategies, infection risk, and attitudes towards vaccines.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. self-reported primary residence within the pre-identified communities 2. age\> 8 years at enrollment 3. provision of signed and dated informed consent form exclusion criteria: none if above are met -
gastric assessment of pediatric patients undergoing surgery

Conditions: Fasting; Delayed Gastric Emptying; Aspiration Pneumonia; Respiratory Aspiration of Gastric Content

Summary: the goal of this pilot prospective cohort study is to examine the reproducibility of gastric volume and emptying as measured by gastric ultrasound and its correlation to a gold-standard test for gastric emptying in the perioperative period in pediatric patients. the main questions it aims to answer are: * what is the reliability (inter-rater variability between expert and novice assessors, and intra-rater variability) of a) the gastric antral cross-sectional area (csa) and b) gastric volume using the perlas us qualitative grading assessment, measured by using an ultrasound device in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery? * what is the correlation between ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying by the antral-csa and gastric emptying determined by the acetaminophen absorption test (aat), the gold standard? the study will include two cohorts. cohort assignment will be based on age and anesthesia induction plan. subjects \>7yrs of age and expected to get an iv induction will be assigned to cohort #1. subjects \<7yrs of age and not expected to get an iv induction will be assigned to cohort #2. * cohort 1 will include abdominal ultrasound for gastric assessment and the acetaminophen absorption test which includes administering enteral acetaminophen (tylenol) with 6 oz of water and drawing of blood samples through a peripheral intravenous line. * cohort 2 will include subjects for whom a peripheral intravenous line placement is not part of routine pre-operative care. procedures for cohort 2 will include abdominal ultrasound only in the pre-op area (no tylenol). this cohort is included to examine the reliability of measurements across age groups.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * perioperative patients with asa classification 1-2 * ages: 2 years- less than 18 years * locations: longwood and waltham campuses of boston childrens hospital exclusion criteria: * history of gastrointestinal surgery * gastrostomy * known gi dysmotility (cohort 1 only) * acetaminophen allergy (cohort 1 only) * liver or renal dysfunction- pre-diagnosed or, if available, when serum biomarkers are 2 standard deviations above the highest value considered normal for age. (cohort 1 only) * consumption of acetaminophen in the 4 hours prior (cohort 1 only)

Keywords: gastric ultrasound pre-operative fasting
effects of balance exercises performed with different visual stimuli

Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis

Summary: the study aims to examine the effects of balance exercises applied with different visual stimuli on individuals with ms.

the study aims to examine the effects of balance exercises applied with virtual reality glasses, stroboscopic glasses, and visual-based metaphor imaginary on individuals with ms, on their balance functions, coordination skills, and quality of life, and to compare these exercises with both traditional balance exercises, and compare each of them on motor learning, based on their effects on representational areas in the brain, and balance.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ages of 18-50 * diagnosis of ms by a neurologist according to mcdonald 2017 criteria (carroll, 2018) * being between 2.5 and 4.5 on the expanded disability status scale (edss) * not having had an attack in the last 3 months * absence of spasticity severe enough to affect treatment (spasticity in any joint of the upper extremity and lower extremity is \<2 according to the modified ashworth scale) * getting ≥ 24 points from the standardized mini mental test (smmt) exclusion criteria: * hearing or vision problems * pregnancy * having changed medication in the last 3 months and using medication containing the active ingredient fampridine * participating or participating in a regular physiotherapy and rehabilitation program in the last 3 months * other accompanying neurological, orthopedic or vestibular disorders * an upper or lower extremity contracture that prevents exercises * history of epileptic seizure, migraine or vertigo attack in the last 6 months

Keywords: multiple sclerosis visual stimulus balance virtual reality stroboscopic glasses metaphoric imaginary
the effect of combination lumacaftor and ivacaftor on markers of hyperglycemia

Conditions: Cystic Fibrosis; Diabetes

Summary: the purpose of this research study is to find out if the combined therapy lumacaftor-ivacaftor affects glycemia in patient with cystic fibrosis.

this is a single center, open label study. patients will have 1 visits at the diabetes research center (drc), or clinical research center (crc). the participants will have been previously screened to make sure they are candidates for the study. these patients will be contacted prior to their first visit to discuss enrollment in the study. at the study visit the participant will come to the crc or drc for a research visit. the following will occur at this study visit: informed consent; brief medical history; weight and height; vital signs and blood pressure; blood draw for dna extraction, a1c and an extra research tube for storage. this will be scheduled at a time that is convenient to the patient.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 years old or greater 2. patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (cf), genotype homozygous phe508del 3. subject has been started on lumacaftor-ivacaftor for clinical reasons, with no contraindication for starting the drug\* \* contraindications for taking drug include abnormal liver enzyme tests, renal dysfunction, pregnancy or nursing mothers exclusion criteria 1. does not have a hgba1c within 1 year prior to starting medication. 2. has not been on the combination therapy for at least 2 months

Keywords: genetics
cardiorespiratory response during whole body vibration training in patients with chronic lung disease

Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (n=10); Interstitial Lung Disease (n=10)

Summary: whole body vibration training seems to be a useful adjunct in exercise training in patients with severe copd. the basic principle relies on reflectory muscle contractions caused by a vibration stimulus. until now the impact of whole body vibration training on cardiopulmonary parameters remained unknown. therefore aim of this study is to investigate cardiopulmonary parameters during whole body vibration training in patients with chronic lung disease.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * copd stage iii or iv according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease \[gold\]) * interstitial lung disease (forced vital capacity (fvc) \< 70% pred., diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (dlco) 30-70% pred.) exclusion criteria: * oxygen therapy during exercise required * severe exacerbation of lung disease, with necessity of change in medication or persistent symptoms \> 3days * activated arthrosis /arthropathy/ rheumatoid arthritis/ acute discopathy * acute thrombosis * acute musculoskeletal inflammation * epilepsy * gallstones

Keywords: whole body vibration, cardiorespiratory response
improving medication safety and cvd risk factor control in kidney transplant recipients

Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Medication Adherence

Summary: there is a lack of data analyzing the influence of cardio-vascular diseases (cvd) risk factor control on graft survival disparities in black transplant recipients. studies in the general population indicate that cvd risk factor control is poor in black patients, leading to higher rates of renal failure and cv events. however, with the exception of hypertension, there is paucity in data demonstrating similar results within transplant recipients. recent analyses conducted within our transplant program, indicate that cvd risk factors, especially diabetes, are poorly controlled in black recipients, which likely impacts graft loss. since these data were collected in a retrospective manner, larger analyses are needed to validate these exploratory findings. this pilot study is to: 1. determine if the study is feasible, as measured by the proportions of enrolled to approached and completed to enrolled. 2. measure and compare, at baseline versus the end of the intervention, the medication safety events, including the number of medication errors, medication non-adherence and medication side effects, in patients enrolled in the study 3. measure and compare, at baseline versus the end of the intervention, cvd risk factor control, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, in patients enrolled in the study 4. measure and compare, at baseline versus the end of the intervention, patient reported survey results, in patients enrolled in the study 5. determine if the impact of the intervention is more pronounced in black recipients, as compared to non-black recipients


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. at least 18 years of age and able to give informed consent. 2. received a first or repeat cadaveric or living donor renal transplant. 3. patient has adequate graft function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (gfr) of at least 20 ml/min, using the 4-variable modification of diet in renal disease (mdrd) equation. 4. patient is at least one year post transplant. 5. patient has documented hypertension, defined as a sitting blood pressure of at least 140/90 mmhg or receiving any anti-hypertensive therapy. 6. patient has documented diabetes mellitus, defined as a hemoglobin a1c of at least 6.5% or receiving any anti-glycemic medications. 7. willing to comply with all study visits. exclusion criteria: 1. biopsy proven acute rejection episode that occurred within the past month. 2. patients who have received an organ transplant other than a kidney.
thai cancer anemia survey in chulalongkorn hospital

Conditions: Anemia; Cancer

Summary: the purpose of this study is to create a large thailand database documenting the severity of anemia and its management in the cancer population.

thai cancer anemia study (tcas) is a prospective survey that will track anemia management in an adult cancer population. this survey is not intended to interfere with standard medical practices for handling anemia. information on laboratory values including target and achieved hemoglobin (hb) levels during chemotherapy cycles, use of blood transfusions, iron supplementation, and epoetin will be collected in addition to information on cancer status and treatment. data on the level that triggers clinicians to decide on the need for anemia therapy will also be collected. each patient included in the survey will be followed for six months. observational study - no investigational drug administered

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with cancer exclusion criteria: * none

Keywords: cancer anemia survey chulalongkorn hospital
effects of synbiotics on obesity

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that can promote the survival of probiotics in the gut. probiotics utilize prebiotics to produce various metabolites beneficial to human health, such as short-chain fatty acids. the purpose of this trial is to evaluate the impact of a synbiotics product developed by leewenhoek laboratories co., ltd., on human obesity and its related biomarkers. participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in a double-blind trial. the intervention involves the experimental group taking the synbiotics product twice daily, two capsules per dose, after meals for six weeks. the control group will take an equal amount of placebo daily. during the trial, participants' body weight will be recorded weekly, and their body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat composition, and skeletal muscle mass will be measured before and after the intervention. additionally, fasting blood samples and blood samples collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after consuming the nutritional supplements will be analyzed. the study will compare body fat percentage, body weight, bmi, waist circumference, hip circumference, skeletal muscle mass, and obesity-related biomarkers in blood between the experimental and control groups. the trial results will be used to assess the efficacy of the synbiotics product in improving obesity and its related biomarkers.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 20-60 years. * body weight ≥ 50 kg. * body mass index (bmi) ≥ 24. * body fat percentage ≥ 30% for females or ≥ 25% for males. * waist circumference ≥ 80 cm for females or ≥ 90 cm for males. * no remarkable medical history within the past six months. * willing to comply with the nutritional instructions during the study period. * willing to report body weight once a week. * willing to report dietary and activity records. * willing to comply with the instruction of "not using" other products containing probiotics or enzymes (excluding yogurt and yogurt drinks). * willing to sign clinical trial informed consent form before the trial. exclusion criteria: * pregnant or breastfeeding. * without statutory notifiable diseases, including hiv, syphilis, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, etc. * judged by a physician to have "secondary obesity" (obesity caused by endocrine disorders or metabolic abnormalities). * presence of endocrine disorders, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, or mental disorders. * currently taking medications for lipid-lowering, blood sugar control, or weight loss. * currently taking antibiotic-related medications. * determined unsuitable for participation in this trial by a physician.
salvage treatment of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with refractory hypoxemia after aortic surgery

Conditions: Nitric Oxide; Hypoxemia; Aortic Surgery

Summary: hypoxemia is a common complication after aortic surgery. as this complication has an adverse effect on the postoperative course of the patient, early treatment is important; however, the mechanism of hypoxemia after surgery for acute aortic dissection remains unclear. recently, the investigators found that inhaled nitric oxide can improve the oxygenation in some of these patients. the investigators are trying to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with refractory hypoxemia after aortic surgery.

several risk factors for severe hypoxemia after aortic surgery have been reported including advanced age, obesity, smoking history, previous heart surgery,emergency surgery,reduced cardiac function, advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, excessive volume of blood transfusion,and prolonged cpb time. the routine treatment includes lung protective mechanical ventilation, recruitment maneuvers and glucocorticoids. no previous clinical studies have reported the effectiveness and safety of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with refractory hypoxemia after aortic surgery.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. adult patients with refractory hypoxemia after aortic surgery; 2. accepting invasive mechanical ventilation; 3. chest x-ray and lung ultrasound to exclude the respiratory factors (eg. pulmonary edema, obstructive atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax) and hemodynamic factors (pericardial tamponade, acute pulmonary hypertension, intracardiac shunt); 4. the ventilator parameters: peep\>10cmh2o, vt 6-8ml/kg; 5. the pao2/fio2 \<= 100mmhg. exclusion criteria: 1. age \<18 years old; 2. pregnant women; 3. past medical history included copd or mental illness; 4. the serious infection or sepsis patients; 5. patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction

Keywords: nitric oxide hypoxemia aortic surgery