Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin compared to glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Summary: a study to compare human inhalation powder (also known as air® inhaled insulin) (air® is a registered trademark of alkermes, inc.)with insulin glargine injections in patients with type 2 diabetes who are currently taking oral medications and have not previously taken insulin. change in hba1c levels will be reviewed to determine superiority or inferiority of the air inhaled insulin regimen.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * type 2 diabetes mellitus * insulin naive * one or more oral antihyperglycemic medications * hba1c greater than or equal to 8.0% and less than or equal to 10.5% * non-smoker exclusion criteria: * taking a tzd dose greater than what is indicated * have not taken insulin within 6 months of entry into study * have had more than 2 episodes of sever hypoglycemia during the 6 months prior to study entry * have had more than 1 hospitalization or emergency room visit due to poor diabetic control during the 6 months prior to study entry * have had pneumonia in the 3 months prior to study entry * systemic glucocorticoid therapy * clinical signs or symptoms of liver disease, acute or chronic hepatitis * history of renal transplantation * have an active or untreated malignancy * have a current diagnosis or past history of clinically relevant pulmonary disease * taking or have taken exenatide during the 6 weeks prior to study entry
dietary salt intake and vascular function

Conditions: Healthy

Summary: the purpose of this study is to look at the effects of high- and low-salt diets on blood vessel function in healthy subjects.

healthy volunteers will be enrolled in a dietary sodium intervention to examine impact on vascular function.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. healthy male, african-american volunteers 2. 18-35 years of age, 3. no personal or first degree relative with hypertension or diabetes, 4. blood pressure \ 90/60 at the screening visit, 5. body mass index \<30 kg/m2, 6. no clinically significant abnormalities on screening tests (complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, thyroid stimulating hormone, urinalysis and electrocardiogram). exclusion criteria: 1. alcohol intake \>2 beverage/night, 2. smoking, 3. recreational drug use, 4. personal history of coronary disease, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, kidney disease, or illness requiring overnight hospitalization in the past 6 months, 5. prescription or herbal medication use, 6. ischemic changes on resting electrocardiogram, 7. known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, 8. other active medical problems detected by examination or laboratory testing.

Keywords: dietary salt sodium blood vessels vascular function endothelial function heart disease risk cardiovascular disease risk
validity and reliability of autocad software assessment of jps in pfps

Conditions: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Summary: the overall aim of the study is to assess the reliability and validity of autocad software to measure jps in pfps, especially: 1. to assess the intra-tester and between day reliability of measurement of jps using autocad software. 2. to assess the validity of these measurements against those found during an ikd.

patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) is a common painful musculoskeletal condition that affects physically active young adults and adolescents. joint position sense (jps) is considered as a component of proprioception as it provides the clinician with information regarding the accuracy of movement as well as its relationship with movement performance and injuries. therefore researchers use advanced instruments as 3 d video systems and isokinetic dynamometer. since these instruments are less portable and expensive, therefore researchers used another method to evaluate jps using high precision software using video analysis and markers in the joints. unfortunately, video analysis requires difficult and time-consuming tasks and that this slow the evaluation process. although immediate feedback could help physiotherapists and athletic trainers to monitor athletes and make decisions during the training session and the rehabilitation process, such immediacy is not available for proprioceptive tests in field situations. autocad software is available and inexpensive and provides immediate feedback

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. anterior or retropatellar knee pain from at least 2 of the following activities : (1) prolonged sitting; (2) stair climbing; (3) squatting; (4) running; (5) kneeling; (6) hopping/jumping; (7) kneel sitting 2. insidious onset of symptoms unrelated to a traumatic incident. 3. age of the subject 18-35 years to limit the possibility that pfps over age 35 may have been complicated by arthritic changes, and also the subjects should have closed epiphyseal growth plates. 4. patient with chronic pfps (pain \> 3 months) exclusion criteria: 1. meniscal or other intraarticular pathologic conditions; cruciate or collateral ligament involvement. 2. a history of traumatic patellar subluxation or dislocation. 3. previous surgery in the knee, ankle and hip joints. 4. knee, ankle and hip joints osteoarthritis. 5. athletes weren't included. -

Keywords: patellofemoral pain syndrome autocad software position sense validity reliability
taff-psychological treatment of separation anxiety disorder

Conditions: Separation Anxiety Disorder

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether a specific family based cognitive behavioral treatment program is effective in the treatment of children with separation anxiety disorder.

anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders both in adulthood and childhood. recent research indicates that anxiety disorders in childhood and in particular separation anxiety disorder (sad) increase the risk of mental disorders in adulthood. despite these results research on sad is still limited compared to the vast research activity on adult anxiety disorders. the proposed research program will close a gap of current international research: it will test the efficacy of a family based cognitive behavioral treatment program specific for sad. the research program consists of two parts. one study is aimed at children with sad aged 5 to 7. 40 children are randomly allocated immediately to sad-specific family-based treatment or to a wait list. for the second study 60 children with sad (8 to 13 years old) are randomly allocated to either sad-specific family-based treatment ("sad-cbt") or a well established global cbt program for childhood anxiety disorders ("global cbt"). in both studies treatment success is tested at the end of treatment as well as 4 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 years after treatment.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * primary diagnosis of sad * age 5 to 13 years * knowledge of german language * consent to randomization and psychological testing exclusion criteria: * comorbid pervasive developmental disorders * active psychotropic drugs

Keywords: sad treatment cognitive behavior therapy family children anxiety
examining the role of pain in the link between early childhood adversity and psychopathology

Conditions: Child Development

Summary: the goal of this study is to investigate the role of physical pain in the link between childhood adversity and later psychopathology. children who are participating in a larger longitudinal study will be asked to submerge their hand in cold water and hold it in the cold water as long as possible. participants will do this twice, once alone and once holding the hand of their parent, to examine the role of parental support in pain development. the study will examine self-report of pain and salivary cortisol response to pain. it is hypothesized that children who have been exposed to more adversity will experience increased pain response and increased psychopathology symptoms. it is expected that higher social support in the family will decrease this relationship.

this study will initiate a program of prospective research, linking early life adversity to both pain and psychopathology symptoms in the pre-adolescent period. this study will examine these links using an existing longitudinal sample of 6.5-9.5 year-old children experiencing familial stress. the project will examine the relationship between dysregulation and pain sensitivity from the behavioral perspective, but also through hpa axis dysregulation. finally, the project will probe parental support as a moderator on the relationship between dysregulation and pain and psychopathology symptoms. the project will use a novel adaptation of the cold pressor test to examine experimental pain sensitivity as a function of parental support by including a condition in which the child holds the hand of their parent during the task. the project will also examine the neural basis of social support through parent-child brain synchronization. support for the proposed model may indicate that interventions that increase parental support might decrease both pain and psychopathology.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects who have been enrolled in our ongoing care study exclusion criteria: * subjects who have not participated in the care study

Keywords: pain early life adversity
a real world study of camrelizumab in the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer

Conditions: Lung Cancer

Summary: to provide sufficient scientific evidence for rational drug use of camrelizumab in the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer in china, efficacy，safety and cost-effectiveness of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus antiangiogenic therapy in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer will be evaluated. based on real world, the markov model was established to analyze the incremental cost-effectiveness in experimental group(camrelizumab plus chemotherapy), compared with control group (chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus antiangiogenic therapy). deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis will be performed.

1. study on the safety and effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with egfr mutation negative and alk negative advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. 2. safety and effectiveness of standard chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus antiangiogenic therapy in first-line treatment of egfr mutation negative and alk negative patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. 3. pharmacoeconomic evaluation of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with egfr mutation negative and alk negative advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 1) histopathological diagnosis of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer; 2) egfr gene mutation negative and alk negative, and did not receive systematic chemotherapy; 3) older than 18 years of age; 4) pathological stage iiib or iv; 5) ecog (eastern oncology collaboration group) score 0-1; 4) ecg and liver and kidney function are normal; 6) no second primary tumor disease or serious complications. exclusion criteria: * 1) patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by histopathology; (2) patients with serious cardiovascular disease, active gastrointestinal bleeding, obvious coagulopathy, complicated with other malignant tumors, and drug allergy were excluded; 3) patients with poor treatment compliance and incomplete case data.

Keywords: lung cancer
coarctation of the aorta stent trial

Conditions: Coarctation of the Aorta

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine whether cheatham platinum bare metal stents are safe and effective in the treatment of native and recurrent aortic coarctation in selected children, adolescents and adults.

the goals of this study are to provide information that will support labeling of both the cp bare metal and covered stents to treat native and recurrent aortic coarctation in selected children, adolescents and adults. the investigation will have two phases: phase one will examine the safety and efficacy of the bare metal stent, and will collect information about the covered stent when used as rescue therapy for aortic injuries occurring during bare metal stent procedures. the aims of the phase one study are to assess the use of the cp bare metal stent to: 1. provide a reduction equivalent to surgery in arm-leg systolic cuff blood pressure gradient 12 months after dilation and stent implantation, in comparison to the pre-dilation gradient; 2. accomplish gradient relief with a shorter number of days in hospital than surgery; 3. accomplish gradient relief with a rate of occurrence of serious procedure-related adverse events occurring within 30 days of dilation that is equivalent to surgery; and 4. accomplish gradient relief with a rate of occurrence of post-procedural paradoxical hypertension that is lower than surgery.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * native or recurrent aortic coarctation * weight greater than or equal to 35 kg * noninvasive, arm-leg cuff systolic blood pressure difference or catheter measured systolic coarctation gradient greater than or equal to 20 mmhg exclusion criteria: * age \> 60 years * connective tissue disorders, including marfan syndrome and other genetic syndromes such as turner syndrome and noonan syndrome * inflammatory aortitis * bloodstream infection, including endocarditis * pregnancy * aortic aneurysm * prior stent placement * adults lacking capacity to consent * foster children and/or wards of the court

Keywords: aortic coarctation heart defects, congenital stents heart catheterization
analysis of sars-cov2 urine viral particles and association with proximal tubular dysfunction

Conditions: SARS-CoV2 Infection; Proximal Tubule Dysfunction

Summary: the primary goal is to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov2) urine viral particles in patients in intensive care units, hospitalized for coronavirus coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) infection, and correlate the presence of the virus in the urine with proximal tubular dysfunction (defined by the association of at least 2 abnormalities: tubular proteinuria, renal phosphate leak, uricosuria, normoglycemic glycosuria, amino aciduria)


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * person and / or trustworthy person who has received complete information on the organization of the research and who has not opposed their participation and the use of their data * hospitalized for ≥ 48 hours and ≤ 10 days * sars-cov-2 positive nasopharyngeal sample * severity criteria: lung involvement described as compatible with sars-cov-2 on radiography or scanner and partial pressure of oxygne (pao2) / fraction of inspired oxygen (fio2) ≤ 300 mmhg and / or respiratory rate (rr) ≥ 30 / min exclusion criteria: * known chronic kidney disease, or initial glomerular filtration rate (gfr) \<60 ml / min / 1.73m2 or renal transplant * known proteinuria * known proximal tubulopathy * treatment with forxiga
poultry management and child diarrhea in uganda

Conditions: Diarrhea

Summary: fecal contamination from animal sources, specifically chickens, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for enteric infections in low-income countries where domestic animals are often kept in close proximity to living quarters. community members typically allow chickens to move freely around their compound and in their homes. unlike other animals, such as cows or goats, poultry are typically not confined and their feces, which are relatively small, are considered relatively innocuous and therefore largely ignored by adults and children. in this study, the investigators have implemented an intervention to help rural poultry owners with children to hygienically separate chickens from children by focusing on a small set of key factors, including increased risk perception, increased perception of potential livelihood benefits, increased skills, and increased supportive social norms. the investigators hypothesized that the poultry hygiene intervention will lead to improved poultry management practices, which will in turn lead to reduced fecal contamination in the domestic environment and subsequently reduced diarrheal illness in young children. to measure these parameters along the causal chain, the investigators used a combination of household surveys, spot check observations and testing of environmental samples for fecal contamination.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * at least one person in the household is a member of self-help groups formed by the water trust, uganda * there is at least one child under the age of 5 years living in the household * there is an adult (\>18 years) primary caregiver of a child \<5 years available for participation in study exclusion criteria: * none
effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for patients with parkinson's disease

Conditions: Parkinson Disease

Summary: parkinson's disease is an incurable and progressive disease. treatment includes medication and non-pharmacological intervention such as physiotherapy. physiotherapy is a main component of non-pharmacological interventions. it includes exercise to strengthen the muscles; improves balance and walking, and adopts the use of visual cue training. treatment has been found to be effective in patients with mild impairment up to 6 months post-treatment. the present study will investigate the effectiveness of treatment for patients with mild to moderate impairment for short term (3-month) and long term (1 year). the hypothesis is that compared to patient education alone, physiotherapy intervention for patients with parkinson's disease leads to improve function and quality of life.

parkinson's disease (pd) is an incurable and progressive disease (rubenis 2007). current management include medical, neuro-surgical and non-pharmacological intervention. physiotherapy is a major component in non-pharmacological interventions. effective interventions including visual or auditory cues improves gait (nieuwboer et al. 2007), exercise is effective in improving balance (hirsch et al 2003); intense treadmill training improves motor control, quality of life and walking speed so as to sustain improvement in gait speed and motor control post 4 weeks of treatment (herman et al 2007). patient with pd attending physiotherapy twice weekly, one and half hour for 12 weeks showed improvement in walking speed and activities of daily living (ellis et al 2005). however, the majority of focus on patients in the hoehn and yahr stage of 2 to 3 and long term effect is lacking (kwakkel et al 2007). a knowledge gap is present in the effectiveness of physiotherapy training of patients with parkinson's disease in the more advanced stage of disease and long term effect is lacking. the aim of the study is to investigate the immediate, short-term \& long-term clinical effects of physiotherapy training of patients with parkinson's disease. the hypothesis is that compared to patient education alone, physiotherapy intervention for patients with parkinson's disease leads to improve function and quality of life.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * stable medication usage * hoehn and yahr stage ii to iv * at least 1 score of 2 or more for at least 1 limb of either the tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesia item of the unified parkinson's disease rating scale (updrs) * able to walk independently * no severe cognitive impairments (mini-mental state examination - chinese cantonese version) score greater than 24 exclusion criteria: * other severe neurological, cardiopulmonary, or orthopedic disorders * having participated in a physiotherapy or rehabilitation program in previous 2 months
aflibercept for diabetic macular edema in real-life practice in greece

Conditions: Diabetic Macular Edema

Summary: admire was a prospective, observational cohort study of patients with diabetic macular edema (dme). efficacy was assessed by change in best-corrected visual acuity (bcva) and central retinal thickness (crt) from baseline to months 12, 24 and 36 after treatment with intravitreal aflibercept in treatment-naïve patients and previously treated patients. safety was evaluated by recording any patients-reported events.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: patients with dm, able to give written informed consent patients with dme\>320 μm, who need treatment exclusion criteria: patients with other retinal diseases than dme intraocular surgery within the last 6 months
development of a multi-sensory rehabilitation program for people with ultra low vision

Conditions: Low Vision Blindness; Visual Impairment; Quality of Life; Functional Visual Loss

Summary: this research is aimed to address one of the big gaps in the current vision rehabilitation protocols for people with profound visual impairment by evaluating a multisensory approach. there are a growing number of clinical trials that recruit people with end-stage eye diseases and the rehabilitation plan following various treatments is not clear. it is important to address this in order to maximize the efficacy of such treatments and to improve the quality of life in people with profound visual impairment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * people with ultra low vision (visual acuity ≤20/1600) exclusion criteria: * \<12 years of age * dependent on sighted guide * cognitive impairment

Keywords: ultra low vision rehabilitation multi sensory functional vision assessment
duloxetine vs. active comparator for the treatment of depression

Conditions: Depression

Summary: how duloxetine compares to a medication currently available for the treatment of depression in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. the safety of duloxetine and any side effects that might be associated with it.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * must be at least 18 years of age * must be diagnosed with depression * must sign informed consent exclusion criteria: * women who can become pregnant must be using birth control * previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder * history of substance abuse or dependence in the last year * patients who are suicidal * frequent or severe allergic reactions with multiple medications
high-flow nasal oxygenation during preoxygenation and atelectasis

Conditions: Anesthesia, General; Pulmonary Atelectasis

Summary: atelectasis after induction of general anesthesia is common even in healthy patients and is clinically problematic, especially in obese patients. we aim to investigate whether preoxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen during anesthesia induction reduces atelectasis in obese patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults patients undergoinig surgery under general anesthesia with a bmi of 30 kg/m2 or greater who have given informed consent exclusion criteria: * surgery time less than 2 hours * nasotracheal intubation * severe cardiac or respiratory disease * history of difficult airway * history of a surgery or anatomical anomaly in the head and neck * history of inability to breathe through nose * gastric reflux disease