Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
modeling the neurological basis and characterizing the neurological phenotype of obesity using human neural stem cells

Conditions: Obesity, Morbid

Summary: this study aims to characterize the neurological basis of obesity and response to surgical and medical treatment by inducing adult pluripotent stem cells into neuronal cells from subjects that have demonstrated extreme response to bariatric surgery or pharmacological treatment for obesity.

the investigators will consent subjects who have achieved extreme response to either bariatric surgery or pharmacologic treatment for obesity and harvest fibroblasts from skin biopsies, which will be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsc). these ipsc's will then be differentiated into neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to identify genetic and epigenetic pathways altered in disease-specific neural progenitor cells of the brain.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * history of obesity * treatment with bariatric surgery * treatment with anti obesity medications * greater than 70% excess weight loss at least 6 months after surgery * greater than 15% weight loss on anti obesity medications exclusion criteria: * active cancer, not including non-melanoma skin cancer * active eating disorder * use of anti obesity medications in subjects with a history of bariatric surgery * active complication of the upper gi tract in patients with a history of bariatric surgery

Keywords: obesity bariatric surgery anti obesity medications weight regulation pluripotent stem cells
safety of endoscopic thyroidectomy via retro-auricular single-site approach, transoral approach and transareola

Conditions: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Summary: the goal of this retrospective study is to compare the safety and efficiacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy via retro-auricular single-site approach, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareola approach.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18-70 years old, no gender restrictions. 2. fine-needle aspiration cytology(fna) confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma(ptc). 3. early stage ptc (stage t1n0m0). 4. preoperative ultrasonography showed unilateral glandular lobe malignant tumor and the largest diameter was not more than 2cm, without cervical lymph node metastasis and extensive metastasis. 5. patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy and central lymph node dissection. 6. patients who have signed an approved informed consent. exclusion criteria: 1. patients who do not accept case data collection for various reasons. 2. the clinical data unfit this study (at the discretion of the investigator). 3. patients who have undergone neck surgery or radiotherapy before this trail. 4. patients who have uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.

Keywords: papillary thyroid carcinoma laparoscopy endoscopic thyroidectomy retroauricular single-site approach transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach transareola endoscopic thyroidectomy
mass spectrometry in single bladder cancer cells

Conditions: Bladder Cancer

Summary: the study is a pilot study in the feasibility of a diagnostic technique. there is no current data on detection of cisplatin in cancer cells derived from human urine. this study will generate preliminary data so that future studies may be done with more definitive end points in mind.

the aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of using a novel mass spectrometry instrument to measure the intracellular concentration of chemotherapeutic drug within an active tumor cell. if successful, this technique could be applied to dosage streamlining in patients and customization of dosage based on individual tumor characteristics. it also opens the door to research on novel chemotherapy agents or agents not typically used in a specific malignancy to determine if therapeutic levels can be obtained in tumor cells. personalized chemotherapy is an evolving field with the underlying goal being minimization of side effects of treatment while maximizing net patient benefit for therapy. a key difficulty in personalized chemotherapy is that the determination of therapeutic benefit comes well after the administration of treatment has been completed. for most forms of chemotherapy there does not exist a laboratory study that can determine the concentration of therapeutic agent within the tumor itself and as such, real time dose adjustments are based only on toxicity, not on tumor penetrance.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. patients must have a diagnosis of bladder cancer 2. patients must be undergoing their first cycle of cisplatin based chemotherapy due to metastatic disease or as pre-operative treatment before cystectomy 3. patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer who will not be undergoing chemotherapy 4. patients must have demonstrated positive urinary cytology prior to inclusion in the study exclusion criteria: 1. patients who do not have bladder cancer.

Keywords: chemotherapy, mass spectrometry
effect of fasting with two meals on insulin resistance indices of metabolic syndrome

Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome

Summary: this study was conducted to assess the insulin resistance indices in the subjects undergoing ramadan fasting (diet which consisted of two meals at 12 hours intervals)for a thirty days period.

insulin resistance is a feature of a number of clinical disorders, including type 2 diabetes/glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension clustering in the so-called metabolic syndrome.the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the 2001 atp iii criteria, was 22 percent, with an age-dependent increase.data demonstrates that the prevalence has continued to increase, particularly in women.hyperinsulinemia occurring in response to insulin resistance may play an important role in the genesis of metabolic syndrome. prevention or reduction of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is the main therapeutic goal in patients with the metabolic syndrome .weight reduction is optimally achieved with a multimodality approach including diet, exercise, and possible pharmacologic therapy, as with orlistat .it has been shown that many different diets such as mediterranean diet, dash diet, foods with low glycemic index and low saturated fat diet, independent of weight loss, by reducing insulin resistance may be effective in improving the metabolic syndrome .during the month of ramadan (the ninth month of the islamic calendar), muslims fast every day from dawn to sunset. they refrain from drinking and eating for about 12h intervals. there are currently no reports on the effect of ramadan fasting (only two meals per day) on metabolic syndrome. therefore, this study was conducted to assess the insulin resistance indices in the subjects undergoing this type of fasting for a thirty days period.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * males with metabolic syndrome exclusion criteria: conditions with insulin resistance including: * type 2 diabetes mellitus * infections * stresses * uremia * acromegaly * glucocorticoid excess * hypertension * cirrhosis and; * any addiction or drug therapy

Keywords: metabolic syndrome ramadan fasting insulin sensitivity iran
a study in teenagers and adults with hereditary angioedema (hae) type i or type ii who use lanadelumab as long-term prophylaxis

Conditions: Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)

Summary: the main aims of this study are to learn how many people with hae type i or type ii are attack-free when treated with lanadelumab in real life. this includes the number of people that are attack-free when lanadelumab is given every 2 and every 4 weeks. this study is about collecting existing data only; participants will not receive lanadelumab as part of this study. no new information will be collected during this study. only data already available at the participant's doctor's office will be reviewed and collected for this study. participants do not need to visit their doctor in addition to their normal visits.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participant is aged \>= 12 years at the time of the last documented hae attack in the eligibility period. * participant has a physician-confirmed diagnosis (or confirmation in medical records) of hae type i or type ii. * participant had initiated ltp with lanadelumab during the eligibility period. * participant provides informed consent or assent prior to the initiation of any study procedures (where required by local regulations). exclusion criteria: * participant was enrolled in a therapeutic investigational drug or device trial during the observation period. * participant without documented hae attacks in the pre-index period and/or without available participant diary or systematic documentation of hae attacks in the medical records during the post index period.
ds-8201a in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)-expressing gastric cancer [destiny-gastric01]

Conditions: Neoplasm, Gastrointestinal

Summary: the primary purpose of this trial is to compare the efficacy and safety of ds-8201a and physician's choice treatment in her2-overexpressing advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma patients who have progressed on two prior treatment regimens including fluoropyrimidine agent, platinum agent, and trastuzumab.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. has a pathologically documented locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of gastric or gastroesophageal junction 2. progression on and after at least 2 prior regimens 3. has an adequate tumor sample 4. has measurable disease based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (recist) version 1.1 exclusion criteria: 1. has a medical history of myocardial infarction, symptomatic congestive heart failure (chf) (nyha classes ii-iv), unstable angina or serious cardiac arrhythmia 2. has a qtc prolongation to \> 450 millisecond (ms) in males and \> 470 ms in females 3. has a medical history of clinically significant lung disease 4. is suspected to have certain other protocol-defined diseases based on imaging at screening period 5. has history of any disease, metastatic condition, drug/medication use or other condition that might, per protocol or in the opinion of the investigator, compromise: 1. safety or well-being of the participant or offspring 2. safety of study staff 3. analysis of results

Keywords: adenocarcinoma metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction her2 overexpression adenocarcinoma, locally advanced destiny - gastric 01
temocillin versus carbapenems for urinary tract infection due to esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae

Conditions: Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial

Summary: to assess the efficacy of temocillin compared to carbapenems for the management of esbl-e uti.

adults with a definite diagnosis of esbl-e uti between january-2015 and october-2019 were enrolled in a multicenter retrospective case-control study. cases were treated with temocillin ≥50% of the effective antibiotic therapy duration. control exclusively received carbapenem over the effective antibiotic therapy duration.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults * diagnosis of uti defined by at least two of the following symptoms :chills,temperature \>38°c (fever), flank or pelvic pain, nausea or vomiting, dysuria, urinary frequency, or urinary urgency, costovertebral angle tenderness on physical examination * positive urine culture with ≥ 103 cfu/ml of a single strain of esbl-e * confirmed esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) susceptible to carbapenems exclusion criteria: * multibacterial infection * opposition to data collection according to gdpr
newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (nipe) for guiding intraoperative fentanyl in children under 2 years

Conditions: Post Operative Pain; Analgesia; Children, Only; Narcotic Use

Summary: during general anesthesia, objective monitoring for analgesia is still lacking. the administration of opioids relies on the experience of the anesthesiologist. there are some monitors, e.g., analgesia nociception index (ani), showing that they can evaluate analgesia in adults. recently, a newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (nipe) monitor was released for assessing analgesia in children with age less than 2 years. the investigators aim to assess the efficacy of nipe as a guide for intraoperative fentanyl administration in children under 2 years.

during balanced anesthesia, hypnosis can be monitored with bis, muscle relaxation can be monitored with a train-of-four, however, analgesia lacks precise monitoring. the anesthesiologist administers narcotics according to clinical signs and experience. analgesia nociception index (ani) has been introduced as an objective monitor for analgesia in adults. recently, a newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (nipe) monitor has been introduced to assess analgesia in children under 2 years, however, clinical studies regarding its clinical efficacy are scarce. the objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of nipe as a guide for intraoperative fentanyl administration in children under 2 years.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * newborn up to 2 years old * asa status 1-2 * undergoing elective surgery of upper part of body exclusion criteria: * premature * arrhythmia * concomitant use of regional anesthesia * plan for icu admission
the influence of magnification and clinical experience on the outcome of pulpotomy in mature adult teeth

Conditions: Irreversible Pulpitis

Summary: the goal of this interventional randomized clinical trial is to test the effect of magnification and clinical experience of the operator on the success rate of full pulpotomy in mature adult molar teeth. the main questions it aims to answer are: * does the use of magnification raise the success rate of full pulpotomy of mature adult molars? * does the clinical experience of the operator dentist raise the success rate of full pulpotomy of mature adult molars? participants will be asked to do the following: * receive the pulpotomy treatment of their target molar tooth. * record the pain score in the pain assessment chart. * attend the follow-up visits. they'll receive a full pulpotomy treatment of their target molar tooth. researchers will evaluate the usage of magnification in performing the pulpotomy procedure of adult molar teeth by postgraduate or undergraduate operators in comparison to performing the same pulpotomy procedure without magnification to see if it raises the overall success rate of pulpotomy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy patients diagnosed with acute irreversible pulpitis related to maxillary or mandibular permanent molar teeth without apical periodontitis. exclusion criteria: * non-vital teeth. * immature teeth. * presence of swelling or sinus tract. * teeth with mobility grade ii or iii. * immunocompromised patients. * non-restorable teeth. * teeth with apical periodontitis seen in periapical radiograph. * periodontally affected teeth. * teeth with reversible pulpitis * extensive non-stoppable bleeding more than 6 minutes * teeth with partial necrosis

Keywords: pulpotomy magnification clinical experience irreversible pulpitis
barriers to masld management in europe: findings from a multidisciplinary hcp-survey

Conditions: Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (MASH); Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD)

Summary: the purpose of this study is to better understand the main barriers to earlier diagnosis and better management of masld/mash patients and to understand the key barriers to adoption of guidelines. this study is a cross-sectional design, conducted across 5 countries in europe- france, germany, spain, united kingdom (uk), italy. study participants, hepatologists and other metabolically focused healthcare providers (hcps), will be recruited to complete a 15 minute self-administered online survey.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: for hepatologists: 1. informed consent obtained before any study-related activities (study-related activities are any procedure related to recording of data according to the protocol). 2. male or female, age above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. 3. is a physician 4. lives in uk, france, germany, italy or spain 5. primary medical specialty is: 5.a. hepatology or 5.b. gastroenterology or internal medicine with a subspecialty in hepatology 6. in practice at least 3 years 7. spends at least 50 percent of their time in an office/clinic setting 8. spends at least 60 percent of their time in direct patient care 9. sees at least 15 patients/month with mash/masld for metabolically-focused hcps (endocrinologist/general physician/family physician/internal medicine): 1. informed consent obtained before any study-related activities (study-related activities are any procedure related to recording of data according to the protocol). 2. male or female, age above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. 3. is a physician 4. lives in uk, france, germany, italy or spain 5. primary medical specialty is: 5.a. general physician/family practitioner or endocrinology or 5.b. internal medicine without subspecialty in hepatology 6. in practice at least 3 years 7. spends less than 50 percent of their time in an office/clinic setting 8. spends less than 60 percent of their time in direct patient care 9. sees at least 15 patients/month with suspected/diagnosed mash/masld 10. sees and actively treats at least 30 patients/month with type 2 diabetes (t2d) and/or obesity exclusion criteria: 1. previous participation in this study. participation is defined as having given informed consent in this study 2. mental incapacity, unwillingness or language barriers precluding adequate understanding or cooperation 3. does not meet inclusion criteria requirements
acute hemodynamic and biological effects of ecp and exercise

Conditions: Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Summary: the purpose of this study in humans with stable coronary artery disease (cad) treatable by percutaneous intervention (pci) is to evaluate the efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation (eecp) with regard to coronary collateral growth.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \> 18 years, written informed consent to participate in the study exclusion criteria: * 1. pregnancy (serum β-hcg\<2 iu/l for all female volunteers) baseline history: 1. endurance exercise 5 days before and the days between the exams 2. history of cardiovascular disease or surgery, including arterial hypertension, raynaud phenomenon, recurrent migraine, or any cardiac rhythm disorder 3. history of metabolic disorder, particularly diabetes mellitus 4. history of respiratory, renal, hepatic or cerebral disease 5. allergic reactions to luminity or its components 6. cardiovascular medication 7. illness characterized by acute phase response 8. anaemia with haemoglobin levels \< 110 g/l baseline physical examination: 1. peripheral artery disease baseline echocardiogram: 1. valvular heart disease 2. aortic aneurysm (any abnormality of ascending aorta, aortic arch or descending aorta) 3. intra- or extracardiac shunt 4. systolic or diastolic left ventricular (lv) dysfunction 5. lv-hypertrophy 6. pulmonary arterial hypertension

Keywords: ecp endurance exercise myocardial perfusion
diagnostic access to self-care and health services in low and middle income countries (dash) - phase ii

Conditions: Malaria Infection; Pregnancy; HIV; Diabetes; Hypertension

Summary: our primary goal is to determine if on-demand, home-based rapid testing, or rapid testing done by a community health worker (chw) results in people testing for diseases more frequently and getting care more quickly. these two testing approaches will be compared to how individuals would normally test if they were concerned about certain diseases. the main questions the study aims to answer are: * do either of the testing approaches result in more people testing themselves for certain diseases when needed? * does self-testing at home or testing done by a community health worker increase the number of individuals receiving test results and getting care/treatment more quickly? * does at-home screening for high blood pressure and diabetes result in lower blood pressure and hemoglobin a1c levels (an indicator for diabetes)?

our long-term objective is to evaluate the best use case scenarios and implementation of community-based rapid testing to enhance testing adoption and case detection, accelerate linkage to care and treatment, and improve overall health outcomes. in this study, our primary objective is to determine if on-demand, home-based rapid diagnostic testing or community health worker (chw)-facilitated rapid diagnostic testing may improve testing adoption and access to care for select infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases in kenya, zambia, and south africa. this will be completed by conducting a randomized controlled trial to evaluate two testing strategies using rdts, as compared to the standard of care. the specific aims of this study are the following: * aim #1 (primary) - to evaluate whether on-demand, home-based rapid diagnostic testing or community health worker (chw)-facilitated rapid diagnostic testing improve testing adoption per event (or indication) for malaria or hiv in kenya, zambia, and south africa. * aim #2 - to evaluate whether on-demand, home-based rapid testing or community health worker (chw)-facilitated rapid testing improves the percentage of people or households receiving a test result, improving access to care, or accelerating time to diagnosis/treatment for malaria or hiv in kenya, zambia, and south africa. * aim #3 - to evaluate whether household screening for hypertension and diabetes with appropriate referral for confirmatory testing and treatment may decrease the median blood pressure (hypertension) or hemoglobin a1c level (diabetes) during a 6-month observational period in kenya, zambia, and south africa.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * resides in the household and has spent ≥1 night at the house in the prior four weeks * plans to reside in the house for duration of the study * willing and able to provide informed consent, assent, or parental consent (where needed)

Keywords: rapid diagnostic testing rapid testing self-testing hiv malaria pregnancy home-based testing community-based testing community health worker blood pressure hypertension diabetes rdt
black resilient caregivers

Conditions: Obesity, Childhood

Summary: to determine the feasibility of an intervention to promote the physical and socioemotional health of african american (aa) families.

aa parents face unique racialized stressors which negatively impact their health and the health of their children. this heavy burden of chronic stress contributes to a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in aa parents. parent stress negatively impacts child development and family health behaviors including diet and physical activity. a culturally-tailored intervention that addresses both aa parent stress and early childhood health and development has the potential to be more effective in promoting healthy family behaviors and aa parent mental health than traditional early childhood preventive care. guided by aa parents and community members, the investigators propose to systematically co-develop a novel intervention using two frameworks: centering and superwoman schema. the novel intervention will include group parent support, training in stress management and links to relevant community resources. the investigators will then determine the feasibility, acceptability, and limited efficacy of the adapted intervention in a pilot study.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * identify as african american/black * expecting a child due september, october or november 2024 * feel comfortable discussing personal experiences and asking questions in front of a group of peers * access to zoom, preferably with video * live in north carolina * infant and mom home within 96 hours of birth