Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
role of carnosine as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic nephropathy in pediatrics with type 1 diabetes

Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes; Oxidative Stress; Carnosine; Diabetic Nephropathy

Summary: carnosine, a naturally-occurring dipeptide (β-alanyl-l-histidine) first described in 1900 by gulewitsch and amiradzibi, is found predominantly in post-mitotic tissues (e.g. brain and innervated muscle) of vertebrates . carnosine is claimed to decrease oxygen free-radical mediated damage to cellular macromolecules either by chelating divalent cations or scavenging hydroxy radicals with its imidazole moiety. free-radical damage is not the only process to affect the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. to the best of our knowledge, no previous study assessed the role of carnosine in diabetes associated complications in particular diabetic nephropathy and there is insufficient evidence to recommend its supplementation in those patients. therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of carnosine as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and assess its relation to microalbuminuria, tubulointerstitial damage marker, glycemic control and oxidative stress.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with type 1 diabetes. * have diabetic nephropathy (≤18 years with at least 5 years disease duration ) exclusion criteria: * any clinical evidence of infection, renal impairment due to causes other than diabetes, elevated liver enzymes, hypertension, neoplasm, hypersensitivity to carnosine, and taking any vitamins or food supplements one month before study or participation in a previous investigational drug study within the 30 days preceding screening.
leptin, igf1 and the refeeding index

Conditions: Refeeding Syndrome

Summary: background and study hypothesis: refeeding syndrome is a dangerous condition which could arise if patients who have had little or no food for many days, are started on any form of feeding. the metabolic consequences of this condition could affect the heart, lungs and nervous system of the patient and cause serious imbalance in the level of salts in the body. the available guidelines for predicting that refeeding syndrome may occur are very subjective since they depend mainly on a history which is sometimes difficult to obtain from the patient. the main biochemical landmark that refeeding syndrome has occurred is a fall in the phosphate levels once feeding has been started. there are currently no biochemical markers that can identify patients at risk of developing refeeding syndrome. leptin and igf1 are hormones which have been observed to go down if someone has had little or no food for a while. the investigators therefore hypothesized that using a combination of leptin and igf1 values in a 'refeeding index' would make the latter a useful biochemical marker to predict that refeeding may occur, hence take the precautionary measures to avoid its occurrence before starting feeding. design: thirty five consecutive patients referred for commencement of parenteral nutrition (pn) were included. serum leptin and igf1 were measured prior to starting pn. electrolytes, liver and renal function tests were measured before and daily for one week after initiating pn. the primary outcome was a decrease in phosphate on day two or three after initiating pn. a 'refeeding index' (ri) was defined as leptin x igf1 divided by 2800 to produce a ratio of 1.0 in patients who are well nourished.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients referred for parenteral nutrition at king's college hospital between january and april 2009. exclusion criteria: * non adult patients (less than 18 years of age).

Keywords: leptin igf1 refeeding index hypophosphataemia primary focus of the study was to detemine whether the 'refeeding index', could reliably predict,that the refeeding syndrome would occur
feasibility study of tai chi for cognitively impaired older adults

Conditions: Cognitive Impairment

Summary: the goal of this clinical trial is to determine the feasibility of a 12-week program of tai chi for memory (tcm) among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (mci) or dementia and to determine the effects of tcm on physical functioning, depression, and health-related qol. two experimental groups will be recruited for inclusion criteria of community-residing older adults with a diagnosis of either mci or dementia.

the purpose of the study are to determine the acceptability of a 12-week program of tai chi for memory (tcm) among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (mci) or dementia; and to determine the effects of tcm on physical functioning, depression, and health-related qol. a quasi-experimental design was used with two groups classified according to the level of their cognitive impairment (mci vs. dementia). depression, health-related qol, and physical functioning including grip strength, balance, flexibility, and mobility were measured before and after the 12-week tcm program. depression was measured using the korean version of the geriatric depression scale. health-related qol was measured using the 12-item short form survey (sf-12). grip strength was assessed using a digital hand dynamometer. flexibility was assessed using the standard sit-and-reach test. balance was measured using the one-leg-standing balance test. mobility was assessed using the timed up and go test. paired and independent t-tests will be used to compare the effects of tcm within and between groups.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * community-residing older adults aged 75 years or older, * registered at the public dementia prevention centers for dementia screening by health professionals with the diagnosis of either mci or dementia, * korean version of the montreal cognitive assessment (moca-k) score of 22 or lower, * agreed to participate in the tai chi program twice a week for 12 weeks. exclusion criteria: * participated in any formal regular exercise program during the previous 6 months, and

Keywords: tai chi cognitive impairment dementia
nutritional risk and nutritional care practices in the hospitalized elderly

Conditions: Undernutrition; Malnutrition

Summary: the purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of nutritional risk and examine nutritional care practices in the hospitalized elderly at one large university hospital in norway.

a cross-sectional study was designed and carried out at a university hospital in norway. the study was developed by a collegium at a nursing bachelor education program in a multidisciplinary collaboration with representatives from the university hospital and other experts. data on nutritional risk and nutritional care practices of elderly patients were collected by 173 second year nursing students at the university college in question who were undergoing their acute and clinical care practice studies on 20 wards at the university hospital. nine nutritional screening days were conducted in the academic years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. on the screening days the students filled in the questionnaire for each patient, including questions about age, gender, length of hospital stay, normal weight in recent months, weight, height, bmi, nutritional risk and nutritional care practices. the students measured weight and height whenever possible, and screened the patients for nutritional risk. data were collected by using a stratified sampling technique along with adequate power calculations to improve the representativeness of the sample. the researchers received anonymously completed questionnaires and screening forms from the students and never met the patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all elderly (≥70 yrs) patients admitted on the included wards at 08.00 am on the screening days were asked to participate. exclusion criteria: * terminal patients (assumed short-lived, \<1 month), patients diagnosed with dementia and patients whom the ward staff found unfit to participate were excluded.

Keywords: undernutrition, nutritional risk, nrs2002, nutritional care practices, hospital, elderly patients, nursing students
covid-19 antibody and reinfection study

Conditions: COVID-19 Testing

Summary: the goal of this study is to establish a cohort of kaiser permanente colorado (kpco) members who have and have not had covid-19 infection for serial antibody testing and pcr testing to: 1. quantify antibody titers among participants over 9 months. 2. determine the rates of asymptomatic, mild, and severe recurrent infection among participants with prior covid-19. 3. examine association between antibody titer levels and risk of recurrent infection using a case control analysis nested in the cohort.

in this study, the kaiser permanente colorado (kpco) institute for health research (ihr) will evaluate sars-cov-2 igg antibody titers over time among individuals with evidence of prior infection, and correlate antibody titers with risk of recurrent infection. the investigators will identify kpco members who have and have not had prior infection, enroll them into a cohort study, conduct serial surveys for new covid-19 symptoms, and facilitate serial viral and antibody testing. all laboratory testing procedures and clinical management of participants will be conducted by kpco operations. the research team will identify participants, obtain consent, administer surveys to assess covid-19 symptoms, and direct patients to the appropriate testing. health outcomes on cohort participants will be tracked with survey data on symptoms, clinical and utilization data from the kpco electronic health record (e.g., hospitalization), and laboratory data (e.g., viral test results). this research-operations partnership strategy will generate data to better understand the implications of positive antibody titers to this novel pathogen.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria are: * kpco health plan members, * 18 years and older, * have a valid email address or phone number in the electronic health record. exclusion criterion: • being on the do not call list for research.

Keywords: sars-cov-2
causes of end stage renal disease in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis

Conditions: End Stage Renal Disease Patients

Summary: ckd is defined as kidney damage for ≥3 months, as defined by structural and or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased gfr or gfr \<60 ml/min/1.73m2 for ≥3 months, with or without kidney damage. ckd is classified based on cause, gfr category, and albuminuria category (cga). esrd has become a public health problem worldwide, with recent reports showing that the total number of esrd patients has been growing dramatically.

the prevalence esrd undergoing maintenance dialysis in 2010 was 284 individuals per million population (pmp) worldwide, which has increased 1.7 times from 165 pmp patients in 1990. in egypt, the prevalence of dialysis patients has increased from 225 pmp in 1996 to 483 pmp in 2008(according to last egyptian renal registry) and the main causes of eskd in egypt, other than diabetic nephropathy, included hypertensive kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, unknown etiology, chronic pyelonephritis, schistosomal obstructive uropathy, and schistosomal nephropathy . it is well established that diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause or in combination with hypertensive nephropathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (esrd) in developed and developing countries. patient survival in diabetics on maintenance renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis (hd), peritoneal dialysis (pd) and kidney transplantation is significantly lower than that seen in nondiabetics with esrd. the poor prognosis of diabetic patients with esrd is partly due to presence of significant cardiovascular disease, problems with vascular access, more susceptible to infections, foot ulcer, and hemodynamic instability during hd. hemodialysis (hd) is the first line of renal replacement therapy in the investigator's country. it is well known that patients on rrt are of greater risk for complications and worse prognosis in comparison to patients with the same co-morbidities but not on rrt. the most common complicatons of hemodialysis are hypotensive episodes, muscular cramps, itching, arrhythmias,and anaphylactic responses during the sessions.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all esrd patients \>18years old in assuit university hospital dialysis unit . * patients on regular haemodialysis for more than six months. exclusion criteria: * esrd patients\<18years old . * patients with acute kidney injury . * patients on haemodialysis for less than six months.
endometrial scratch injury in women with unexplained infertility undergoing iui

Conditions: Unexplained Infertility

Summary: the study included 154 infertile women patients received 100 mg of oral clomiphene citrate for five days starting on day 3 of the menstrual cycle, followed by daily injection of 150 iu of hmg and when more than two dominant follicles reached a diameter of 17 mm 5,000 iu of hcg was injected intramuscularly. patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: group c received iui without esi and group s had esi using no.8 neonatal feeding tube and after 24 to 36 hours, iui was performed. successful pregnancy was con-firmed by ultrasound and patients had failed trial underwent another trial of iui for a maximum of three trials.

the study included 154 infertile women with mean duration of infertility of 3.9±0.4 years. patients received 100 mg of oral clomiphene citrate for five days starting on day 3 of the menstrual cycle, followed by daily injection of 150 iu of hmg and when more than two dominant follicles reached a diameter of 17 mm 5,000 iu of hcg was injected intramuscularly. patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: group c received iui without esi and group s had esi using no.8 neonatal feeding tube and after 24 to 36 hours, iui was performed. successful pregnancy was con-firmed by ultrasound and patients had failed trial underwent another trial of iui for a maximum of three trials.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. couple with unexplained infertility and assigned for iui exclusion criteria: 1. woman's age of more than 40 years 2. ovarian cyst detected in the ultrasound examination 3. uterine lesions such as submucosal leiomyoma 4. a previous diagnosis of moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis 5. women with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 o 6. women with signs of hyperandrogenemia dy

Keywords: endometrial scratch injury unexplained infertility intrauterine insemenation ovulation induction
optimization and clinical study of early prediction model for neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome

Conditions: Neonatology

Summary: the goal of this observational study is to learn about neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in describe participant population. the main question it aims to answer is: using perinatal factors to predict early neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome and reduce its mortality. participants' umbilical cord blood will be collected for testing, but will not receive any intervention.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a newborn born alive exclusion criteria: * stillborn newborn * respiratory distress syndrome(rds), transient tachypnoea of the neonate (ttn), or congenital anomalies as a primary current acute respiratory condition * hereditary endocrine and metabolic diseases * incomplete records

Keywords: neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome model of prediction perinatal factors
fluorescein angiography in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Conditions: Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4; Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3B; Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5; Diabetes Mellitus; Fluorescein Angiography; Acute Kidney Injury

Summary: our study hypothesizes that fluorescein exposure in diabetic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease results in deterioration of kidney function. it will therefore aim to evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury induced by fluorescein in diabetic patients with ckd. the objective is to determine the incidence, severity and risk factors associated with this deterioration to improve the care of this specific population.

this study will assess the change in serum creatinine in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease, after a fluorescein angiography. this is a before and after study that will include 35 patients from the department of ophtalmology over 6 months with a total follow-up for 3 months.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * \>18 years old with type 2 or type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3b to 5 (egfr\<45 ml/min/1.73 m2) exclusion criteria: * patients who do not give their consent * patients who are allergic to fluorescein * patients who are on dialysis * patients who had fever, vomiting, diarrhea or any dehydration 48 hours before the intervention * patients who had a treatment modification one week before the intervention

Keywords: fluorescein angiography acute kidney injury chronic kidney disease diabetes
a study to evaluate the effect of asp1941 in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Summary: evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of multiple doses of asp1941 compared to placebo over 12 weeks of therapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subject has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes * subject has a hba1c value between 6.8 and 9.5% * subject has never, is not currently taking anti-diabetic medication or is receiving a single anti- diabetic agent or low-doses two anti-diabetic medications and is willing to discontinue them during the study * subject is on a stable diet and exercise program * female subject is not pregnant and agrees to use an acceptable form of contraception throughout the duration of the study exclusion criteria: * subject has type 1 diabetes mellitus * subject is using insulin therapy * subject has a serum creatinine higher than upper limit of normal * subject has an alt and/or ast value higher than 3 times upper limit of normal or a total bilirubin value more than 2 times upper limit of normal * subject has persistent, uncontrolled severe hypertension as indicated by a systolic blood pressure \>180 mmhg or a diastolic blood pressure of \>110mmhg * subject has had significant cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction or a vascular intervention (e.g., angioplasty or stent) in the last 3 months * subject is known to have hepatitis or be a carrier of hepatitis b surface antigen, hepatitis c virus antibody or is known positive for hiv1 and/or hiv2 * subject has a history of lactic acidosis * subject has a history of drug and alcohol abuse/dependency within last 12 months * subject has had a malignancy in the last 5 years, except for successfully treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or of the cervix * subject has a symptomatic urinary tract infection or genital infection * female subject is lactating * subject has an unstable medical or psychiatric illness

Keywords: asp1941 metformin type 2 diabetes diabetes
targeting cognition in early alzheimer's disease by improving sleep with trazodone

Conditions: AMCI - Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment; Sleep Disturbance

Summary: to investigate the effect of trazodone on sleep, hippocampal-dependent memory and hippocampal excitability. the investigators hypothesize that trazodone will improve total sleep time and proportion of time in slow wave sleep (sws).

the rest trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of trazodone (50 mg at bedtime) in participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amci) and sleep complaints. the investigators will randomize 100 subjects and administer trazodone and placebo for 4 weeks each with a 4-week washout period in between. a 4-week washout period is more than sufficient due to trazodone's elimination half-life of 10-12 hours. the crossover design will facilitate recruitment and enable the use of the subjects as a control without requiring a parallel placebo arm.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. mild cognitive impairment (mci) as defined by albert et al.2 including subjective memory complaint and/or objective evidence of memory problems; 2. clinical dementia rating (cdr) of 0.5 with a memory box score of \>=0.5; 3. evidence of sleep complaints with pittsburgh sleep quality index score of \>5 (a well-validated cutoff observed in \>40% of older persons); 4. memory performance \> 1.5 standard deviation (sd) below age-and education-matched control subjects on the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (rbans) list recall; 5. visual and auditory acuity adequate for neuropsychological testing; 6. good general health with no disease expected to interfere with the study; 7. able to have magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scan; 8. availability of knowledgeable informant (ki) exclusion criteria: 1. less than 55 years of age to reduce likelihood of including individuals with frontotemporal dementia or non-dementia mci; 2. too frail or medically unstable to undergo study procedures; 3. prior diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (osa) or evidence of moderate-to-severe osa on baseline home sleep test (hst) as evidenced by an apnea/hypopnea index of \>15; 4. dementia; 5. cognitive complaints and deficits better explained by other medical/neurologic conditions; 6. delirium; 7. allergic to trazodone; 8. taking sleep medications including trazodone; 9. current substance abuse; 10. current major depressive, manic, or acute psychotic episode; 11. prior diagnosis of significant systemic illness or unstable medical condition which could lead to difficulty complying with the study protocol or represent alternate primary cause of memory problems beyond alzheimer's disease (ad) pathology: 12. lack of available ki; 13. prior diagnosis of q wave t wave corrected for heart rate (qtc) \> 470 msec (females) or \> 450 msec (males); 14. inability to provide informed consent

Keywords: amci slow wave sleep trazodone cognition