Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
predicting oxycodone dose from oral fluid drug levels

Conditions: Chronic Pain

Summary: this study will develop and test an algorithm that will estimate drug dosage from drug levels measured in oral fluid (saliva). traditionally, urine has been used as the principle medium to monitor drug compliance in patients receiving opioids for chronic pain as well as those being treated for substance abuse. recently, the use of saliva as an alternative to urine drug testing has been gaining in popularity. oral fluid has several advantages over urine as a medium for drug screening. in this study, oral fluid, urine and blood specimens will be collected from volunteer patient donors with chronic pain taking opioid medications. samples from the anonymous donor will be analyzed for opiate class drugs, using new york state department of health approved and validated laboratory methods. analytical results and other information collected will assist in evaluating the use of oral fluid as a specimen to detect opiate drug levels. the measurement of drug concentrations in blood and oral fluid simultaneously will allow for the determination of the amount of oral fluid that will be needed for successful drug testing. it is proposed that by measuring oral fluid drug levels an estimate of the amount of drug taken will be possible.

each potential subject will be requested to verify their willingness to participate in the study by signing and dating an informed consent form and the health insurance portability and accountability act (hipaa) authorization for use of protected health information in research. the donor will produce a sample by placing a collection swab under his or her tongue until the indicator window turns blue. to ensure the validity of the sample, the donor may not eat, drink, or consume candy for ten minutes prior to the collection time. a second oral fluid sample will be obtained for the purpose of determining salivary ph at the time of collection. the donors will expel oral fluid into a small collection cup or spoon, and the collector will determine ph using specialized ph strips. urine samples will be collected from donors in approved specimen cups according to protocols indicated by the new york state department of health guidelines. blood samples will be collected by trained and certified medical professionals using appropriate collection tubes. participating donors will also be requested to complete a questionnaire regarding information including age, weight, and medication information (including type of medication, dosage, dosing pattern, and time of last dose), and medical history (concerning known health issues).

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults between 18 and 72 years of age * chronic pain patient at weill cornell medical college pain medicine center exclusion criteria: * taking any medications that can alter the metabolism of oxycodone or oxymorphone in the body * not a chronic pain patient at weill cornell medical college pain medicine center

Keywords: opioids chronic pain oxycodone oxymorphone patients using opioid pain medication
artemisinin with risperidone for first-episode and drug-naive schizophrenia

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: this study will determine the effectiveness of artemisinin plus risperidone in improving symptoms and cognitive disturbances and in chinese people with schizophrenia. the study addresses the toxoplasma infection hypothesis of schizophrenia.

evidences of high levels of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of individuals with schizophrenia have suggested that this organism might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. the investigators hypothesize that antimicrobial therapy by using an add-on agent together with a well-proven neuroleptic may have favorable effects on a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * currently resides in beijing, china * diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder * duration of symptoms is no longer than 60 months * no history of treatment with antipsychotic medication or, if previously treated, a total lifetime usage of less than 14 days * current psychotic symptoms are of moderate severity or greater as measured by one of the five psychotic items in the brief psychiatric rating scale (bprs) exclusion criteria: * dsm-iv axis i diagnosis other than schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis * documented disease of the central nervous system that might interfere with the trial assessments (e.g., stroke, tumor, parkinson's disease, huntington's disease, seizure disorder, history of brain trauma resulting in significant impairment, chronic infection) * acute, unstable, and/or significant and untreated medical illness (e.g., infection, unstable diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension) * a clinically significant echocardiogram (ecg) abnormality in the opinion of the investigator * pregnant or breastfeeding * use of prohibited concomitant therapy * history of severe allergy or hypersensitivity * dependence on alcohol or illegal drugs * use of any of the following medications during the trial: antipsychotic medications other than risperidone; psychostimulants; or antidepressants

Keywords: schizophrenia risperidone artemisinin toxoplasma immune
periapical lesions and immediate implants

Conditions: Dental Implant Failure Nos; Periapical Granuloma; Osseointegration Failure of Dental Implant

Summary: the aim of this case-control study is to evaluate the success and survival rates of dental implants immediately placed into extraction sites in the presence of periapical pathology. the main questions it aims to answer are: what were the survival and success rates of implants immediately placed into extraction sockets of teeth with chronic periodical lesions. a retrospective analysis was performed based on the evaluation of certain clinical and radiographic parameters 12 months after prosthetic function of these implants.

in 25 patients (13 men, 12 women), certain clinical and radiological parameters were retrospectively evaluated with particular interest in survival and success rates of the implants (total of 30 implants, 21 in the maxilla, 9 in the mandible) placed immediately to extraction sites of teeth with chronic periapical lesions. these parameters included mobility and the presence or absence of chronic pain, probing depth, gingival index, radiographic measurements of crestal bone loss on mesial and distal aspects of the implants.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * to have 1 or more teeth with a chronic periapical lesion that requiring extraction. * the chronic periapical lesion should be determined as an asymptomatic periapical radiolucency with a diameter ranging between 4 and 8 mm. * the patients undergoing tooth extraction must have been treated with an immediate implant placement procedure. * at the time of extraction and implant placement, the neighboring teeth must have had healthy periodontal and periapical status. exclusion criteria: * age younger than 18 years * any systemic disease or medication that might compromise osseointegration, bone or soft tissue healing * smoking * purulent exudate during the extraction * severe deficiency of soft and/or hard tissue in implant region * pregnancy * lactation * history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy * severe parafunctional habits

Keywords: dental implant immediate dental implant osseointegrated implants osseointegration periapical granuloma tooth extraction
noninvasive examination of the work of breathing in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als).

Conditions: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative Disease; Motor Neuron Disease

Summary: the literature to date indicates that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (nippv) provides effective noninvasive ventilator support, prolongs survival, and improves quality of life (qol) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) patients. it is generally recommended to patients when their pulmonary function testing demonstrates a drop to 50% forced vital capacity (fvc). one result of using nippv may be a reduction in the work of the breathing which would lead to decreased caloric needs. however, the work of breathing and the effects of noninvasive ventilation on caloric use have not been studied in patients with als. this is extremely important since there may be a reduction in the caloric needs when als patients are placed on nippv and if the caloric intake is not adjusted, overfeeding can occur. overfeeding with too many calories can lead to an increase in carbon dioxide which would actually worsen the respiratory failure. the overall aim of this project is to evaluate how many calories are used by als patients while at rest, when placed on nippv, and when breathing against a resistance. this will be accomplished using a metabolic cart during these activities. at present, the metabolic cart is routinely used in als patients at the time of feeding tube placement to calculate caloric needs. using the cart to calculate the caloric expenditure on and off the ventilator will aid in calculating the work of breathing and the effects of nippv on work of breathing.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with probable or definite als by el escorial criteria between ages 20-85 will be included for evaluation. they must have progression of disease over the preceding 6 months and duration of disease less then 5 years. exclusion criteria: * patients who do not meet clinical criteria of the diagnosis including those with pure upper motor neuron syndromes (pls) or pure lower motor syndromes (sma, multifocal conduction block, motor neuropathies).

Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid neurodegenerative disease motor neuron disease autonomic nervous system neurodegenerative diseases movement disorders
nutritional needs and intake on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients

Conditions: Critical Illness; Mechanical Ventilation; Elderly

Summary: the purposes of this study were to investigate the caloric requirement and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients and identify those at high nutritional risk who require high protein formula intervention.

the elderly population is rapidly increasing, but studies on calorie requirement in critically ill elderly patients are few, and indirect calorimetry (ic) is not available in every intensive care unit (icu). the aim of this study was to compare ic and harris-benedict (hb) predictive equation in different bmi (body mass index) groups. and to investigate whether the nutrition intake from en (enteral nutrition) and pn (parenteral nutrition) created a better clinical outcome than en alone in hnr (high nutritional risk) mechanically ventilated critically ill elderly patients.inclusion criteria were: age ≧65 years old, apache π score ≧15, mechanical ventilation ≧48 hours and on ng tube feeding. nutritional risk was screened by mnutric and gnri. indirect calorimetry and hb equation were used to assess energy requirements. patients were randomized 1:1 to two tube feeding regimens: general formula and high protein formula (1.5\~2.0 gm/kg bw). nutritional intake from en, the type and amount of intravenous nutrition within 7 days, tolerance to feeding, mvd (mechanical ventilation day), newly diagnosed vap (ventilator associated pneumonia), icu and hospital los (length of stay) and date of death were recorded. we used sas version 9.4 for statistical analysis. statistically significance was set at α=0.05.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * apache π score ≧ 15 * ≧ 65 years * on mechanical ventilation ≧48 hours * received en exclusion criteria: * use of total parenteral nutrition * fasting \>5 days * brain death * terminal cancer

Keywords: indirect calorimetry harris-benedict equation critical elderly mnutric score high nutritional risk
determinants of decisional autonomy in chronic pain patients and assessment of treatment effectiveness

Conditions: Chronic Pain

Summary: chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists for three months or more, affecting 20-30% of the global adult population. it can arise from primary conditions or as a consequence of diseases and is a significant source of disability. chronic pain is no longer merely a symptom but often a disease itself, with neurological and psychosocial mechanisms. the biopsychosocial model introduced by george engel in 1977 helps to consider the biological, psychological, social, and societal dimensions of chronic pain. patients with chronic pain must adapt to new circumstances, acquiring new knowledge and coping skills to reach a new homeostasis. the goal is not necessarily pain elimination but enabling patients to manage their pain and continue daily activities effectively. international guidelines suggest a patient-centered, interdisciplinary approach to managing chronic pain, with an emphasis on empowering patients, motivating them, and involving them in decision-making. autonomy in decision-making is crucial in this context, encompassing both negative freedom (absence of external constraints) and positive freedom (the ability to make choices and realize one's potential). however, chronic pain can limit cognitive and functional abilities, potentially impeding a patient's autonomy. research indicates that a significant proportion of chronic pain patients experience a deficit in decision-making autonomy. this mixed-methods study aims to explore the determinants of decision-making autonomy in chronic pain patients and its impact on their treatment. using the maccat-t assessment tool, which evaluates understanding, reasoning, appreciation, and choice expression, the study will examine the relationship between patients' autonomy levels and their health outcomes. the study will also assess how clinicians perceive patients' autonomy compared to the tool's findings.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient aged 18 years or older patient attending their first consultation for chronic pain between 01/01/2025 and 31/12/2025 francophone patient patient capable of expressing their non-opposition to participation exclusion criteria: * patient with significant visual or hearing impairment patient under guardianship or curatorship patient deprived of liberty patient under judicial protection patient who opposes the use of their data for this research
extra wide field of view lens study

Conditions: Colonic Polyp

Summary: the goal of this observation study is to learn about the feasibility of a new colonoscope which provides the physician an extra-wide field of view during a screening colonoscopy. the main question this study aims to answer is can this new type of colonoscope locate polyps during clinical use in patients. patients will undergo a routine colonoscopy for colorectal cancer or polyp surveillance and have one follow-up phone call up to 2 weeks of the colonoscopy.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * screening for colorectal cancer at the age greater than or equal to 50 years, or evaluation of a positive stool test (i-fobt) or polyp surveillance. * signed informed consent. exclusion criteria: * asa classification ≥3. * age \<18 years. * known or suspicion of inflammatory bowel disease. * known polyp(s) for polypectomy. * high risk for colorectal cancer, history of extensive polyposis, patients with known genetic disease. * prior colorectal surgery. * vulnerable subjects or subjects unable to follow the procedures of the investigation, e.g., due to language problems. * unable or unwilling to undergo bowel cleansing for colonoscopy. * female patients who are pregnant or nursing. * participation in another clinical trial within 30 days prior to the screening visit or during this study.
brain tissue specimen collection

Conditions: Brain Diseases

Summary: the molecular neurosurgical tissue bank will function as a tissue or specimen repository for biopsy specimens from patients (both adult and pediatric) undergoing brain surgery and brain procedures.

the molecular neurosurgical tissue bank will function as a tissue or specimen repository for biopsy specimens from patients (both adult and pediatric) undergoing brain surgery and brain procedures. leftover tissue removed during the course of brain surgery will be collected and stored in neurosurgical laboratories for use in medical research that might be currently ongoing or for future research. in addition, blood and cerebral spinal fluid samples will also be collected and stored. leftover cerebral spinal fluid (csf) will be collected during standard of care procedures (lumbar punctures or ventricular drains) that take place at time of diagnosis, completion of therapy and relapse of disease or during neurosurgery. blood will be drawn at time of routine lab draws required during the surgery or procedure.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * subjects having any type of brain surgery, where a specimen will be collected. exclusion criteria: * none
pain, muscle strength, motor imagery, body awareness on function and individuals with chronic lateral epicondylitis

Conditions: Lateral Epicondylitis

Summary: the aim of this study was to examine the effect of muscle strength, pain, motor imagery and body awareness on function in individuals with lateral epicondylitis. the main question it aims to answer is: do pain, motor imagery, muscle strength and body awareness have an impact on function in individuals with lateral epicondylitis?


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a diagnosis of chronic let by a physician and * a pain score \> 3 on a visual analog scale (vas). exclusion criteria: * concomitant disorders of the wrist and forearm, such as elbow fracture or dislocation, and treatment with corticosteroid injections within the previous 6 months
respiratory proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease patients.

Conditions: COPD

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of pnf technique combined with aerobic exercises among copd patients in a clinical setting. previous literature has evaluated this technique in ventilated patients but in clinical setting specifically in pakistan, this invention therapy has not been implied in copd patients.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder manifested as breathlessness, respiratory difficulties and persistent cough is one of the biggest causes of mortality around the world. 2.1% of pakistani population has copd. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is used as management technique in which muscle stretching promotes chest wall mobility and restores regular breathing rhythm. in previous studies, pnf technique combined with aerobic exercises has been utilized to improve pulmonary functions in copd patients. but the sample size of these studies was small and participants were ventilated patients, hence not targeting the diaphragm. our study shall evaluate the impact of pnf technique combined with aerobic training on the pulmonary function of copd patients in the clinical setting.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * both male \& female participants. * diagnosed copd patients * age 35-60years * ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second \& forced vital capacity(fev1/fvc \<0.7,30%\<fev1\<80% * stable clinical condition. exclusion criteria: * serious conditions with require supplementary oxygen or ventilator/support devices. * copd exacerbation within last 4weeks * patients with recent chest wall trauma, surgery or deformity. * patient with neurological, psychological, musculoskeletal, or cardiac medical history. * pulmonary disease with physical impairment. * inability to follow the pulmonary rehabilitation program.

Keywords: peak expiratory flow rate (pefr) pulmonary function pnf techniques
tracking optical coherence tomography

Conditions: Macular Degeneration; Glaucoma; Diabetic Retinopathy; Choroidal Disease

Summary: the purpose of this research study is to evaluate an investigational system that may allow doctors to show images of the different parts inside the eye that show greater detail than current equipment can produce.

the purpose of this research study is to evaluate an investigational system that may allow doctors to make images of the parts inside the eye that show greater detail than current equipment can produce.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy individuals (this includes women of child-bearing potential) who are familiar with vision experiments and ophthalmic equipment, all over 18 years. * subjects will have a retinal screening if they are over 50 years old or have a known risk factor for eye disease, such as family history of age related macular degeneration or cardiovascular disease. * patients with retinal and choroidal disease: age related maculopathy or age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma. exclusion criteria: * over 85 years old

Keywords: maculopathy
is it effective to treat patients with blastocystis hominis infection?

Conditions: Blastocystis Hominis Infections

Summary: the objective of this study is to determine whether in the setting of primary health care it is effective to treat with metronidazole returning travellers with gastrointestinal symptoms and b. hominis in the stool or not.

prevalence of b. hominis is between 30-50% in developing countries. many travellers visit developing countries and are therefore at risk to be infected by this parasite. it's frequent that travellers return from developing countries with gastro-intestinal symptoms and approximately 10% of them have b. hominis as the sole parasite identified in the stools. some anti-infective drugs, including metronidazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nitazoxanide, have shown to have activity against b. hominis, but there is still controversy about the pathogenic potential of b. hominis and there is no consensus about the indications for treatment. it is hypothesised that metronidazole is more effective than placebo in returning travellers with gastrointestinal symptoms and b. hominis as the sole intestinal parasite identified in the stool.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥ 18 years * gastrointestinal symptoms for more than 10 days * b. hominis in any quantity in at least one stool specimen out of 3 examined * no other pathogenic micro-organism identified exclusion criteria: * fever \> 37.5° * bloody diarrhoea * weight loss \> 10% of usual body weight * significant decrease of general condition * oncological diseases * immune deficiencies * known chronic intestinal diseases * use of anti-protozoan drugs in the last 2 weeks * use of anti-coagulant treatment or antabuse * pregnant and lactating women

Keywords: blastocystis hominis metronidazole
development of ai model for uveitis progression and prognosis

Conditions: Uveitis

Summary: uveitis is a recurrent inflammation of the eye that can lead to vision loss with various and complicated etiologies. there are many difficulties in uveitis management due to the requirement of long-term monitoring and treatment. this study intends to establish a longitudinal cohort of uveitis patients to colloect multimodal clinical data including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment photography, fundus photography, fluoroscopy and other ophthalmic examinations, and final diagnosis in order to use artificial intelligence and deep learning technology to extract ocular features, explore the association with the progression and prognosis of uveitis and finally establish a disease management model for uveitis.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants who were diagnosed as uveitis, including the initial stage or relapse, or remission of uveitis. exclusion criteria: * participants who cannnot cooperate with ocualr examination.