Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
mild valvar pulmonary stenosis

Conditions: Congenital Disorders

Summary: mild valvar pulmonary stenosis can be detected in 1/10,000 live births. historical data suggested that most of these patients do well. nonetheless, the majority of these patients is followed periodically by a pediatric cardiologist and may undergo repeated echocardiographic studies to follow the gradient. such follow-up can be costly and it is not know if there is any benefit to periodic evaluation.

young children (less than or equal to 2 years of age) with mild valvar pulmonary stenosis are unlikely to develop worsening stenosis with age and periodic cardiac evaluation is not warranted. to describe the clinical course of children with mild valvar pulmonary stenosis diagnosed in early childhood. to examine the clinical practice patterns of cardiologists caring for these patients. retrospective chart review of all children diagnosed with mild valvar pulmonary stenosis born between 1984 and 2003 and followed by sibley heart center cardiology. patient variables will include: pulmonary valve gradient, need for catheterization, exercise intolerance and endocarditis. practice variables will include: frequency of follow-up, number of echocardiographic studies, exercise limitations.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children's healthcare of atlanta medical charts 1984 to 2003 diagnosed with mild valvar pulmonary stenosis patients less than or equal to two years of age exclusion criteria: * those who do no meet inclusion criteria

Keywords: pediatric cardiac valvar pulmonary stenosis
bitter taste receptors in oropharynx cancer

Conditions: Oropharynx Cancer

Summary: the aim of this work is to investigate the expression of the bitter taste receptors in p16-positive and negative oropharyngeal carcinomas (in comparison to healthy, local tissue).

goal setting the aim of this work is to investigate the expression of the bitter taste receptors in p16-positive and negative oropharyngeal carcinomas (in comparison to healthy, local tissue). the hypothesis is that oropharyngeal carcinomas express tas2rs and that their stimulation can induce apoptosis. the lower expression of certain tas2rs in the tumor cells could represent protection from apoptosis by stimulation with the bitter ligands. alternatively, it could polymorphisms of the bitter taste receptors, which can influence their function independently of the expression. in order to address the question of general bitter sensitivity in more detail, the investigators are planning to carry out a bitter taste test on the test subjects. methodology as this is a pilot study, the investigators limit the number of subjects to 10 patients with p-16 positive and negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 10 patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis or other benign pathology in pharynx. the expression analysis is carried out using qpcr and possibly immunohistochemical methods. taste strips are used for the taste tests. cognitive interest the results of this study will provide important insight into the pathophysiology of oropharyngeal cancers and possibly all tas2r-expressing cancers. in addition, this and further studies can create a theoretical basis for new therapeutic methods for this group of diseases.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * oropharynx scc for the patient group * signed informed consent for all exclusion criteria: -
an expanded access study of oral liquid efavirenz in the treatment of children with hiv infection

Conditions: HIV Infection

Summary: this study is being conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of an oral liquid solution of sustiva for antiretroviral therapy-naive or therapy-experienced hiv-1 infected children between the ages 3-16 who are failing or intolerant of current antiretroviral regimen and who are unable to swallow sustiva capsules.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children 3-16 years of age * anti-retroviral naive or experienced * failing or intolerant to current anti-retroviral regimen * limited available viable therapeutic options * inability to take capsules/tablets exclusion criteria: * less than 10kg * failure on or concomitant use of other nnrtis * an active aids-defining opportunistic infection or disease * more than two episodes of moderate to severe diarrhea or vomiting lasting more than four days within the past three months
quality of life, aesthetic result and health economy in breast reconstruction

Conditions: Breast Cancer Female; Surgery--Complications

Summary: a randomized clinical trial with two arms: irradiated women and non-irradiated women. irradiated women are randomized to reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi flap and an implant or a deep inferior epigastria perforator flap. non-irradiated women are randomized to reconstruction with a thoracodorsal flap with an implant or with an expander and later a permanent implant in two stages.


Eligibility criteria:
irradiated patients: inclusion criteria: * age 18-60 * diep is technically possible * unilateral mastectomy * bmi\<30 exclusion criteria: * scars on abdomen or back * bilateral mastectomy * previous liposuction abdomen * 61 years of age or older non-irradiated patients inclusion criteria: -\>18 years of age * unilateral mastectomy * bmi\<30 exclusion criteria: * bilateral mastectomy * extensive scars on thorax

Keywords: breast reconstruction plastic surgery microsurgery
effects of live music on the perception of noise in the sicu: a patient, caregiver, and medical staff environmental study

Conditions: Pain; Anxiety; Stress

Summary: the use of live music in sicu might affect the perception of noise, which may reduce staff's stress level and further decrease the possibility of clinical errors, reduce patient's anxiety and perception of pain as well as increase compliance from patient and family. live music might also enhance the quality of stay and promote a holistic healing process for the patient.

in this study, the research team is looking at the effect of the live music provided by a trained music therapist, created through incorporating the noises in the sicu - such as the beeping of the machines as part of the elements in the music, to organize the sound environment as well as introducing familiar songs, chosen according to the cultures and ages of the patients, caregivers and staff, to increase a sense of familiarity and comfort. through the intervention, the research team hope to ameliorate the effects of a noxious sound environment, which may reduce the stress level of the staff and increase their acuity level while decrease patients and caregivers' anxiety level and improve their mood state and the quality of hospitalization

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * sicu patients, caregivers, and physicians/nursing staff exclusion criteria: * non-medical staff
the effect of oxytocin on fear memory consolidation novel intervention to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd)

Conditions: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Summary: the purpose of the study is to learn how differences in learning under mildly-stressful circumstances may be changed by taking oxytocin. oxytocin is a hormone made naturally in the body. the investigators will also examine the impact of any anxiety, depression, and stress related symptoms on learning processes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * men or women 18 to 65 years of age * score in study range on the neuroticism-extraversion-openness-five factor inventory (neo-ffi) * no current axis i diagnostic and statistical manual-iv (dsm) excluded diagnoses as determined by the structured clinical interview dsm (scid) completed within the past 4 months. * must be able and willing to understand study procedures and return to the clinic on two separate consecutive days for the fear-conditioning procedures. * subjects must be able to give informed consent and be willing and able to comply with study procedures. exclusion criteria: * presence of a current dsm-iv axis i diagnosis as measured by the scid. * a serious medical condition or other condition deemed likely to result in surgery or hospitalization, or which would make participation in the study difficult. * patients with a history of trauma resulting in head injury related seizures or with epilepsy (except a prior history of febrile seizures of infancy which are not exclusionary). * use of supplemental hormones (birth control, estrogen, testosterone, prednisone, etc) or narcotics. * pregnant or lactating women. * women of childbearing potential not using medically accepted forms of contraception. * current use of the excluded psychiatric medications. * known hypersensitivity to oxytocin * known hyponatremia.

Keywords: effect of oxytocin on learning
hiv adherence bottle intervention trial

Conditions: HIV-1-infection; Adherence, Medication

Summary: this is a randomized study for participants treated with tenofovir-based antiretroviral drug regimens with a history of suboptimal adherence (detectable hiv rna twice over the last year). eligible participants are enrolled, receive routine adherence counseling and are randomized to receive an adheretech "smart pill bottle" or not (open label). the "smart pill bottle" quantitates the number of tenofovir-containing pills taken and sends this to a centralized server; if a dose is missed, the participant is contacted by either phone or text. participants are assessed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12 for tenofovir diphosphate (tfv-dp) levels (by plasma and dried red blood cell spots), hiv rna level, and adherence using a standardized questionnaire. primary outcome is change in tfv-dp levels from baseline in the 2 groups.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * hiv-infected * taking a tenofovir-containing antiretroviral regimen for hiv treatment * documented suboptimal adherence (2 hiv rna levels documented above the level of detection, i.e. not suppressed, on 2 occasions over the prior 52 weeks exclusion criteria: * plans to change the current hiv drug regimen
the use of liposomal bupivacaine for pain control

Conditions: Pain, Breast

Summary: the purpose of this research study is to determine how well the local anesthetic, liposomal bupivacaine, controls postoperative pain after mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

eligible subjects will be identified prior to surgery. on the day of surgery, each patient will be randomized to be in either local infiltration of bupivacaine or liposomal bupivacaine. study will be double blinded to patients and investigators. patients assigned to the local infiltration with bupivacaine group will receive a total 60 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 30 ml delivered to each breast. patients assigned to the local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine will receive a total of 20 ml liposomal bupivacaine (266 mg) with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 30 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. these injections will occur at the end of the mastectomy and prior to the insertion of the tissue expander implant. after this intraoperative injection, patients will not receive any more doses of local anesthetics.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients who receive a bilateral mastectomy with immediate sub-pectoral implant based breast reconstruction * age ≥ 18 years * ability to understand and the willingness to sign an (institutional review board) irb-approved informed consent document. * patients who receive tissue expander placement or direct permanent implant placement will be included in the study. exclusion criteria: * patients who receive an autologous tissue reconstruction. * patients who receive a unilateral reconstruction. * patients who are expected to undergo axillary lymph node dissection * patients who have undergone breast irradiation * patients who abuse narcotics or have chronic pain (using greater than 40 mg equivalents of oxycodone per day) * patients who are wards of the state * history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to bupivacaine or liposomal bupivacaine. * pregnant women are excluded from this study because pregnancy precluded immediate breast reconstruction in our patient population. * patients who weigh less than 50 kg, as there can be dose related toxicities of the bupivacaine dosing used n this study. * patients with moderate-severe hepatic or renal impairment because of the increased risk of toxicity. * patients receiving bilateral mastectomy with immediate pre-pectoral implant based reconstruction

Keywords: bupivacaine liposomal bupivacaine mastectomy breast reconstruction pain control
incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (pjk) in long posterior spinal fusion: a study comparing traditional open surgery to minimally invasive percutaneous technique at the proximal fusion levels

Conditions: Scoliosis; Kyphosis

Summary: this research is being done to compare two methods of surgery to treat scoliosis and/or kyphosis of the spine.

currently, there are two different surgical methods used in the treatment of these problems. one method includes an all open posterior spinal fusion (large incision with opening of the muscles); this is also known as a traditional technique. the second method involves an open surgery for the portion of the spine requiring a fusion except the very top area, where minimally invasive technique (smaller incision and without opening of the muscles) is used. one possible side effect of either method for surgical repair is a condition called proximal junctional kyphosis (pjk). pjk occurs in the form of fracture at the top vertebra involved in the surgery or as a loss of correction of spinal alignment achieved, through gradual bending forward of the spine over time. in this study we want to compare the rate of pjk between two groups of patients undergoing long posterior spinal instrumentation fusion. people undergoing long posterior spinal instrumented fusion may join. about 68 people will join.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * individuals presenting for surgical correction of scoliosis and/or kyphosis of the thoracolumbar spine are the primary target for enrollment. * men and women ages 18 years or older will be eligible for participation in the current study. * in addition, individuals must be able to provide informed consent (mini-mental state examination score of at least 18/30).

Keywords: scoliosis kyphosis surgical treatment
assessment of the effects of a 24-hour cold and heat exposure on the factors influencing food intake

Conditions: Eating Habit; Cold Exposure; Heat

Summary: military personnel and athletes have a very high energy expenditure which is increased during certain key periods (intense training, competition and mission). compensating for this expenditure through food can be complicated by physiological ingestive limits and logistical and organizational constraints (number of meals, availability of food), which leads these populations to regularly experience energy deficit situations (intake below requirements), which could alter physical and cognitive performance and major physiological functions. among the many constraints to which military personnel and athletes are exposed to (stress, sleep deprivation, travel, etc.) that can increase the risk of energy deficits, the impact of thermal environmental constraints is not well known. the seasonal impact and travel to countries with very different thermal environments can lead these populations to experience cold and hot conditions for long periods. understanding how heat and cold exposure modifies appetite and energy intake therefore appears to be of great importance. the hypothesis of this study is that a 24 h heat exposure would produce a rapid and long-lasting anorexigenic action impacting energy intake, while a cold exposure would produce the opposite effect (orexigenic action).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male * aged 18 to 40 years old * active (≥ 3 hours of physical activity per week) * healthy (no metabolic pathology) * affiliated to the social security system * having given written consent to participate. exclusion criteria: * unusual eating pattern (\< 3 meals per day) or irregular eating pattern * pattern of dietary restriction (determined by the three-factor eating questionnaire-21) * unusual sleep pattern (epworth score \> 10, insomnia severity score \> 14, pittsburgh sleep quality index \> 5), sleep duration \< 6 h per night or difficulty falling asleep) * metabolic pathology * on medication * previously exposed to unusual levels of heat or cold (vacation, missions) in the 4 months prior to inclusion * refusal to participate.

Keywords: heat exposure food intake
deep learning of retinal photographs and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease

Summary: the research team has developed a deep learning algorithm that predicts anthropometric factors from fundus photographs and an algorithm that predicts cardiovascular disease risk. fundus photographs are taken for various cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension with target organ damage, high-risk dyslipidemia, diabetic patients, and low-risk hypertension patients), and a deep learning algorithm for predicting developed anthropometric factors will be validated. fundus photographs will also be taken twice in the first year, and additional fundus photographs will be taken two years later. major cardiovascular events will be followed up for 5 years to verify the deep learning algorithm predicting cardiovascular disease risk prospectively.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. myocardial infarction (patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction within 5 years and confirmed significant coronary artery stenosis by cardiovascular angiography) 2. heart failure with reduced ef (\<40% of lvef on echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging) 3. heart failure with preserved ef (≥40% of lvef on echocardiography and nt-probnp ≥200 pg/ml and lavi ≥ 34 ml/m2 or lvmi ≥115 g/m2 (men) or lvmi ≥95 g/m2 (women)) 4. high risk subclinical atherosclerosis (no symptom and ≥50% stenosis of coronary artery on coronary angio ct or asymptomatic paod or cerebral aneurysm or ≥50% stenosis of cerebral artery or abi \<0.9 or ≥2mm of atherosclerotic plaque or hypoechogenic plaque on carotid ultrasound) 5. hypertension with target organ damage (proteinuria \[urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g or protein/creatinine ratio ≥ 150 mg/g or 24 hour urine albumin ≥30mg/day or 24 hour urine protein ≥ 150mg/day\] or lv hypertrophy \[on ekg or echocardiography\] or cfpwv \> 10 m/sec or bapwv \> 1800 cm/sec or egfr \< 60 ml/min/1.72 m2 or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or white matter hyperintensity on brain mri) 6. high risk dyslipidemia (ldl-cholesterol \>190 mg/dl or \> 160 mg/dl inspire of use of moderate or high intensity statin) 7. diabetes (type 2 diabetes with more than 5 years of diagnosis or type 1 diabetes with more than 10 years of diagnosis) 8. low risk (hypertension that does not meet the above criteria and is controlled by 3 drugs or less 2) dyslipidemia that does not meet the above criteria and is controlled below the target ldl) exclusion criteria: 1. serious eye diseases that make it impossible to take adequate quality fundus photography 2. if the subject cannot read and sign the consent form in person
multicenter study on suprapubic catheterization versus transurethral catheterization in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer

Conditions: Rectal Cancer; Surgery

Summary: compared with traditional open proctectomy, laparoscopic surgery is associated with less pain, earlier recovery, and better cosmetic outcome, and its long-term oncologic outcomes have been demonstrated. however, the rate of urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery was about 19-38% because of mesorectal excision. the type of drainage is unclear. some studies show that the rates of urinary tract infection, second catheterization, and urinary symptom are lower with suprapubic catheterization (spc) than with transurethral catheterization (tuc). moreover，spc allows for testing the bladder voiding without drainage removal. furthermore，spc using central venous catheter(cvc) is less invasive. currently, there is lack of randomized controlled trial(rct) to compare spc with tuc. therefore, investigators perform this prospective randomized trial to compare spc using cvc with tuc in laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age over 18 years * pathological rectal carcinoma * male patients * performance status of 0 or 1 on ecog (eastern cooperative oncology group) scale * asa (american society of anesthesiology) score class i, ii, or iii * laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer * written informed consent exclusion criteria: * emergency surgery due to complication (obstruction or perforation) caused by rectal cancer * preoperative t4b according to the 7th edition of ajcc cancer staging manual * basic diseases of urinary system (urinary bladder stones and tumors, prostate cancer, neurogenic bladder, urethral stricture) that affect voiding function * history of previous pelvic surgery * severe mental disease

Keywords: suprapubic catheterization transurethral catheterization rectal cancer laparoscopic surgery
vildagliptin in older adults with diabetes and mild cognitive impairment

Conditions: Mild Cognitive Impairment

Summary: this study investigates the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dpp-4, on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (mci) documented at mini mental state examination (mmse). in this prospective study, 60 diabetic elderly people were enrolled and divided according to their glycated hemoglobin (hba1c) values in 2 groups: group a, (hba1c \ 7.5%, n=30) treated with metformin plus vildagliptin. we evaluated mmse, fasting plasma glucose (fpg) and hba1c at baseline and after 24 weeks treatment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age \>65 years * mmse score ≥18 and ≤23 * diagnosis of diabetes mellitus exclusion criteria: * heart failure * coronary heart disease * stroke * chronic kidney disease (g3 grade kdoqi) * liver cirrhosis * chronic respiratory failure * depression evaluated by geriatric depression (gds, gds \>15) * diagnosis of dementia based on dsm 5 criteria * anticholinesterase or memantine therapy