Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
effect of smoking on ventilation-perfusion ratio

Conditions: Lung Disease

Summary: smoking is one of the world's leading health hazards. besides being a major risk factor in the etiology of copd and lung cancer, cigarette smoke is also a causative agent lung diseases characterized by bronchiolar and interstitial inflammation. however, the associated lung pathology of smoking is not only a risk in the development of lung diseases, but also widely recognized as a major risk factor associated with perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications. apart from the long term effects of cigarette smoke, acute effects of the inhalation of cigarettes smoke may influence the course of lung pathology. the inhalation of smoke causes inflammation in the lung by inducing chemotaxis and activation of neutrophils and macrophages and induces oxidative stress. as the acute inflammatory response to smoke inhalation seems to be the underlying mechanism for chronic diseases of smokers, exploring the field of the acute pulmonary changes after exposure to cigarette smoke is highly relevant. one reason for acute hypoxia and injury during smoking might be a severe mismatch of ventilation and perfusion of the lung. using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (miget), a distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung can be calculated by analyzing data on the retention and excretion of six infused inert gases. a saline solution containing the gases is infused intravenously. when passing through the lung the gases are either eliminated from the blood or retained depending on their partition coefficient and local v/q ratio. the concentrations of the gases are measured in the mixed venous blood or the mixed expired gas and the arterial blood allowing for the calculation of retention and excretion and the derivation of v/q distribution. miget is the experimental gold standard to determine the ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung. the aim of this study is to show the acute effect of smoking on ventilation/perfusion ratio distribution in the lung in otherwise healthy smokers.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * normal body mass index (bmi) exclusion criteria: * medical history of pulmonary or cardiovascular disease * family history of malignant hyperthermia, neuro-muscular disorders * known hypersensitivity to any of the inert gases or substances administered * history of post operative nausea and vomiting * pregnancy (pregnancy test will be performed on study day)

Keywords: multiple inert gas elimination technique smoking pulmonary disorder
a study of glaucoma or ocular hypertension in patients within the united states

Conditions: Ocular Hypertension; Glaucoma

Summary: safety and efficacy study comparing between fixed combination latanoprost-timolol and its component parts.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * unilateral or bilateral primary open angle glaucoma, capsular glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma or ocular hypertension. * patients currently on iop reducing therapy: iop greater than or equal to 25mmhg (ltwo iop determinations at pre-study separated by at least one hour) or patients without iop reducing therapy: iop greater than or equal to 30mmhg (two iop determinations at pre-study separated by at least one hour). exclusion criteria: * history of acute angle closure or closed/barely open anterior chamber angle. * current use of contact lenses. * ocular surgery or argon laser trabeculoplasty (alt) within three months prior to pre-study visit. * ocular inflammation/infection occurring within three months prior to pre-study visit. * hypersensitivity to benzalkonium chloride or to any other component of the study drug solutions. * other abnormal ocular condition or symptom preventing the patient from entering the study, according to the investigator's judgement. * patients with conditions in which treatment with b-blocking agents are contraindicated: cardiac failure, sinus bradycardia, second and third degree atrio-ventricular block. * patients with conditions in which treatment with b-blocking agents are contraindicated: bronchial asthma, history of bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. * inability to adhere to treatment/visit plan. * have participated in any other clinical study within one month prior to pre-study visit.

Keywords: glaucoma ocular hypertension fixed combination latanoprost-timolol latanoprost timolol
study of the effect of testosterone treatment on metabolic parameters and urinary symptoms in bariatric patients

Conditions: Obesity; Hypogonadism; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Insulin Resistance

Summary: the primary purpose of the study is to evaluate, in obese and hypogonadal patients eligible for bariatric surgery, the effect of testosterone replacement therapy in improving lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) assessed using the ipss (international prostate symptom score) questionnaire, compared to hypogonadal untreated subjects and eugonadal subjects.

primary objective: - evaluation in obese and hypogonadal patients candidates for bariatric surgery of the effect of testosterone replacement therapy in improving the symptoms of luts (assessed using the ipss questionnaire) compared to hypogonadal untreated subjects and eugonadal subjects. secondary objectives: * evaluation of the effect of testosterone in obese and hypogonadal patients candidates for bariatric surgery in improving metabolic parameters (glycaemia, oral glucose tolerance test, hba1c, total cholesterol, hdl cholesterol, triglycerides, arterial pressure, bmi, waist circumference) compared to hypogonadal untreated subjects and eugonadal subjects * evaluation of the effect of testosterone in obese and hypogonadal patients candidates for bariatric surgery in improving uroflowmetric parameters compared to hypogonadal untreated subjects and eugonadal subjects * evaluation of the effect of testosterone in obese and hypogonadal patients candidates for bariatric surgery on the ultrasound characteristics of the prostate (macro-calcifications, intraprostatic arterial velocity, volume of the prostate gland). * evaluation of the effect of testosterone in obese and hypogonadal patients candidates for bariatric surgery on pre-adipocytes isolated from visceral adipose tissue samples collected during surgical procedures, as compared to hypogonadal untreated subjects and eugonadal subjects.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * male subjects * age between 25 and 65 years * obese men, candidate to a bariatric surgery (body mass index (bmi) is ≥40 kg/m2, or if their bmi is \>35 kg/m2 and they suffer from other life-threatening co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease) * men with luts defined by: ipss ≥ 8. * evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent exclusion criteria: * bladder failure or neurogenic bladder * lut disease (urethral stenosis, diverticula) * lut surgery (prostatectomy, bladder neck surgery, turp) * severe systemic disease * previous or concomitant neoplasm * unable to consistently and accurately complete the protocol * abuse alcohol or drugs * psychiatric disease

Keywords: testosterone replacement therapy
qatar diabetes mobile application trial

Conditions: Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: diabetes mobile technology is an emerging and rapidly expanding field that seeks to combine cutting edge behavioral insights with best practice in diabetes self management education to improve patient empowerment and deliver better patient outcomes.the question that arises is whether or not, diabetes mobile applications are effective in improving glycemic control, clinical outcomes, quality of life and overall patient satisfaction, in diabetic patients in qatar. to answer this, we plan to enroll 90 diabetic patients into a custom-made diabetes app for qatar (droobi) (as intervention group) in comparison with 90 diabetic patients followed in the current standard care, matched in characteristics (as control group). we have the hypothesis that with utilization of the mobile application, patients will have improved glycemic control, improved self management and patient empowerment; together with improved patient-educator/doctor interaction.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * • adults with t2dm (more than 18 yrs of age and younger than 60) who are able to provide consent * arabic speaking and non-arabic speaking t2dm patients, who can communicate in arabic and or english language. * uncontrolled diabetes with hba1c more than or equal to 8.5% * t2dm on insulin with or without any other oral medication * subject must have a smart phone (must be an ios (apple) phone user) and must be interested in using a smart phone app. * subject must have no visual impairment. * minimal level of literacy (able to read and write in english or arabic). * to be able to communicate via chat with the mobile app team through the app as evidenced by at least weekly use of any of the social media such as whatsapp, viber, facebook messenger etc * subject must be willing to utilize a mobile application for diabetes control exclusion criteria: * • recent history (3 months) of stroke or myocardial infarction. * patients with proliferating retinopathy * patients with an acute illness during the past 2 weeks. * patients who plan to be away for more than 3 months. * patients with ckd requiring dialysis. * hypoglycemia unawareness. * more than one episode of severe hypoglycemia in the previous 6 months. * female patients who are planning for pregnancy in the coming 6 months.

Keywords: mobile health m-health
neat! technology to increase breaks in sedentary behavior in adults with diabetes

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus

Summary: sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of mortality and many health conditions including type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome, independent of the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (mvpa). furthermore, independent of total sedentary time and mvpa, healy et al. observed that individuals who had more breaks in sedentary time had lower 2-h plasma glucose. recent experimental findings also suggests that breaking up prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior (≥ 20 minutes) with either light or moderate intensity activity for 2 minutes reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses.10 replacing sedentary time with light-intensity activity or nonexercise activity thermogenesis (neat) may help to reduce the health consequences of sedentary behavior. the purpose of this study is to develop a smartphone application (neat!) to encourage sedentary adults with diabetes to increase breaks in prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior objectively measured by an accelerometer. neat! will be refined by modifying technology created for the engaged trial (rc1dk087126) and will work in conjunction with a bluetooth enabled accelerometer that can detect bouts of sedentary behavior. when a sedentary bout (≥ 20 minutes) is detected, the smartphone application will trigger a reminder prompt to the user encouraging him/her to participate in neat for at least 2 minutes. following the development, testing, and refining of the application, a sample of 10 sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes will be recruited to participate in a one month trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of neat!. to our knowledge, this is the first study to design and examine the acceptability of a smartphone application that will target interrupting sedentary behavior with neat using objectively measured sedentary time in a diabetic population.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 21-70 years of age * have physician diagnosed type 2 diabetes that is currently being treated by dietary modification, oral agents, or insulin * currently and plan on having an android smartphone for the next 2 months * be willing to wear an accelerometer and use the neat! application * spend the majority of the day sitting. exclusion criteria: * unable to ambulate without assistance
comparing anticoagulation strategies using ufh, argatroban and lmwh for ecmo support

Conditions: Respiratory Insufficiency; Circulatory Failure; Thromboembolism; Bleeding

Summary: a three-arm randomized controlled non-inferiority pilot study comparing anticoagulation strategies using unfractionated heparin, argatroban and enoxaparin for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support conducted as an investigator-initiated, prospective, parallel group, open-label, active comparator controlled, single center, phase iv study to evaluate the non-inferiority of enoxaparin or argatroban for anticoagulation during ecmo therapy in comparison to the current standard, unfractionated heparin, as measured by the incidence of thromboembolic events during the duration of ecmo therapy


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * either * require ecmo support or * have been started on ecmo therapy within the last 12 hours exclusion criteria: * patients exhibiting contraindications to anticoagulation in general or any of the three investigated substances * patients who are pregnant * patients suffering from a clinically relevant pre-existing coagulopathy * patients, for whom screening, randomization and implementation of study protocol cannot be initiated within 12 hours after cannulation * patients receiving ongoing therapeutic systemic anticoagulation prior to ecmo implantation, or exhibiting an indication for therapeutic anticoagulation (e.g., pulmonary embolism) * patients whose total duration of ecmo support lasts less than 24 hours * patients with start of ecmo support during cpr (ecpr) * patients with passive decarboxylation, without an active pumping system * patients, who have been weaned off ecmo support within the last 30 days * patients with central ecmo cannulation and/or after cardiopulmonary bypass

Keywords: ecmo anticoagulation thromboembolic event bleeding extracorporeal life support anticoagulant heparin
clinical pharmacology study of mp-424

Conditions: Chronic Hepatitis C

Summary: to conduct the following evaluations in korean healthy male adult volunteers receiving a single and multiple doses of mp-424 tablets: * pharmacokinetics of mp-424 after a single and multiple doses. * safety and tolerability of single and multiple doses of mp-424.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * korean healthy male volunteers aged 20 to 55 years exclusion criteria: * subjects with a bmi of \ 25.0, or body weight of \<50kg at prior examination * subjects who have had surgery that is known to affect gastrointestinal absorption of drugs (except for appendectomy and hernia surgery) * subjects who have had any evidence of cardiac disease at prior examination or who have a previous history of cardiac disease * subjects who are positive for hbs antigen, serologic tests for syphilis, hcv antibody, or hiv antibody at prior examination * subjects who have experienced symptoms of alcohol abuse or excessive alcohol ingestion * subjects who test positive on urinalysis for drug use (amphetamine, benzodiazepine, barbiturates, cannabinoid, cocaine, opiates, and methadone) at prior examination * subjects who do not agree to use a physical contraceptive method during the study period * subjects who do not agree to use contraceptive methods for 90 days after final administration of the study drug * subjects who have consumed grapefruit, seville orange, star fruit, cranberry, or any processed food containing these fruits within 7 days before the commencement of study drug administration * subjects who have consumed health foods containing st john's wort within 2 weeks before study drug administration

Keywords: genotype 2
study of safety and efficacy of ertugliflozin (pf-04971729, mk-8835) in participants with type 2 diabetes and hypertension (mk-8835-042)

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypertension

Summary: mk-8835-042 (b1521004) is designed to assess the safety and efficacy of an investigational drug, ertugliflozin (mk-8835, pf-04971729), in participants with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. participants in the study will receive 1 of 5 treatments for 28 days (either placebo, 1 of 3 doses of ertugliflozin \[1, 5, or 25 mg\], or the approved drug hydrochlorothiazide \[hctz\]). the primary hypothesis of the study was that ertugliflozin was superior to placebo on the change from baseline in average, 24-hour systolic blood pressure (sbp) on day 28.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants with type 2 diabetes and hypertension * medically stable * on at least 1 (and up to 2) oral diabetes drugs * and up to 2 medicines for blood pressure control exclusion criteria: * participants with type 1 diabetes * heart attack * stroke * uncontrolled blood pressure * significant kidney disease

Keywords: type 2 diabetes hypertension ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
identification of new genetic markers of risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence by analyzing whole genome

Conditions: Venous Thromboembolism

Summary: venous thromboembolism (vte) is a common and potentially fatal disease. it is considered a chronic disease with a recurrence rate of 30% at 10 years. reduce the risk of recurrence is a serious public health issue. for this it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of recurrence. however, until now, only 50% of recurrences are in the presence of known risk factors, suggesting that there are still yet unidentified risk factors. the assumption behind this project is that there are specifically associated genetic polymorphisms to the risk of vte recurrence. the aim of our project is to identify these polymorphisms from genome-wide data martha cohort. this cohort is composed of 1542 subjects from the marseille region with at least one episode of vte documented. patients in the cohort martha have all been genotyped for approximately 500,000 polymorphisms. the investigators want to achieve a case-control study nested in the cohort martha. subjects with recurrent vte (the case) will be compared to subjects with only one episode of vte (the controls). the allelic frequencies of polymorphisms previously genotyped 500,000 will be compared between cases and controls. the identification of these new genetic variants associated with vte recurrence should allow us to improve the pathophysiological knowledge of the disease, reduce the frequency of episodes and focus research on new therapeutic approaches.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * caucasian topic * personal history of vte confirmed by the reference diagnostic tests exclusion criteria: * pregnant or breastfeeding women
blood flow restriction and high-intense resistance training in aging: interactions between neuroplasticity and muscle

Conditions: Aging; Cognitive Decline; Sarcopenia; Frailty; Muscle Degeneration; Physical Disability

Summary: brain-m is a randomized controlled trial designed to examine the effects of a single bout or 12 weeks of blood-flow restriction training or high-intensity resistance training on cognitive function, brain health, muscular properties and physical performance in healthy older men 60-75 years old.

the brain-m project is driven by the idea that understanding the mechanisms through which muscle and brain interact could offer new approaches to magnifying the beneficial and detrimental effects of exercise training on health at older age. specifically, the investigators aim at identifying brain, blood, and muscle biomarkers that could serve as predictors of response to exercise training at either cognitive, brain, muscle or physical performance levels and study the associations between biomarkers in order to suggest a physiological model of brain-muscle and muscle-brain crosstalk in ageing. 60 male older adults (60-75y old) will be included in either 12 weeks of high-intense blood-flow restriction training (n = 20), muscle damaging resistance training (n = 20) or no exercise (n = 20). the control group will be asked to maintain their usual lifestyle.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy male older adults * able to speak and read fluent lithuanian * living in community during the study exclusion criteria: * cognitive and neurological disorders (e.g. dementia, stroke, parkinson, multiple sclerosis) * previous lower extremity injury * diabetes mellitus type i or ii * no oncologic disease * no bone fractures in the previous year * deep vein thrombosis * cardiovascular disorders (e.g. congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, uncontrolled arrhythmia, history of myocardial infarction or coronary bypass grafting in the past year) * obesity (bmi \>30kg/m²) * chronic fatigue, chronic headache, or chronic dizziness * ineligibility to mri scanning (e.g. due to claustrofobia or metal implants) * the participants should not be engaged in any regular exercise programme during the previous 6 months (according to ipaq), but able to perform 10 sit-ups * any other consideration that interferes with the study aims and/or risk to the participant, at the discretion of the researcher

Keywords: aging motor control cognitive function neuroplasticity brain health muscular fitness exerkines myokines (neuro)inflammation
biological and functional markers for precision astronautical biomedicine

Conditions: Muscular Atrophy

Summary: in the current study the investigators will study early biomarkers of human degradation. in 10-day horizontal bed rest the investigators will enroll 10 healthy male subjects (18-30years, bmi 20-28kg/m2). pre-, mid- and post-bed rest the investigators will perform various measurements, some of them will be invasive (blood samples and muscle biopsies), which will be carefully taken by the medical staff. the subjects will be placed in hospital rooms and have 24-hour medical supervision, adequate hygiene, nutrition, passive exercise, entertainment and visits.

ten young male participants will undergo 10 days of horizontal bed rest. before, during and after the investigators will monitor many biomechanical, metabolic, cardiovascular, biochemical responses. during the bed rest period there will be no interventions. subjects will be allowed to rotate freely, with no vertical stimulus of any-kind.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * body mass index between 20 - 28 kg/m2 * male participants * a healthy individual who is able to complete all the tests planned in the research protocol exclusion criteria: * smoking; * regular alcohol consumption; * ferromagnetic implants; * history of deep vein thrombosis with d-dimer \> 500 μg·l-1; * acute or chronic skeletal, neuromuscular, psychological, metabolic and cardiovascular disease conditions.
rely-able long term multi-center extension of dabigatran treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation who completed re-ly trial

Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: the purposes of this study are: 1. to evaluate the long-term safety of dabigatran etexilate 2. to assess the effect of a knowledge translation intervention on patient outcomes


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: participation in re-ly, requires long term anticoagulation, provides written informed consent exclusion criteria: permanent discontinuation of dabigatran during re-ly
the effect of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on biomarkers of concussion over the course of a year in canadian national rugby players

Conditions: Head Trauma

Summary: nutrition interventions may present a safe and relatively risk free intervention for protection against subconcussive impacts. docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6n-3) is the principal omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, playing an integral role in the brain's development and structural integrity. the goal of this study is to determine if supplementation with dha attenuates blood biomarkers of repetitive head trauma linked to sub-concussive impacts sustained in rugby participation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * canadian national rugby athletes on 7s and 15s teams exclusion criteria: * none