Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
comparison of a demand oxygen delivery

Conditions: Obstructive Apnea

Summary: conducting a randomized control trial of oxygen in children with down syndrome to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. the aim of the study is to conduct a comparison between the 2 methods of oxygen delivery during sleep in 15 children from cincinnati children's hospital and children's hospital of los angeles. 2 polysomnographies will be performed, one with continuous flow and the second with pulse flow.

cincinnati children's hospital received nih funding to conduct a randomized control trial of oxygen in children with down syndrome to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. oxygen may be delivered through continuous flow for the duration of the respiratory cycle or pulse flow during inspiration only. pulse flow oxygen concentrators have been used clinically in adults. however, there is limited experience with this technology in children. the advantages of pulse flow oxygen concentrator are its portability and its ability in providing compliance data. this is a pilot research study to compare the 2 methods of oxygen delivery during sleep in 15 children from cincinnati children's hospital and children's hospital of los angeles. 2 polysomnographies will be performed, one with continuous flow and the second with pulse flow. the pilot study is conducted in preparation for a larger project which will include 7 sites aiming at determining the effect of oxygen treatment on the frequency of obstructive apnea, neurocognitive and cardiac outcomes. a separate institutional review board (irb) protocol of the larger study will be submitted later once approved by the nih data and safety monitoring board.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 5-17 years with or without down syndrome (ds). 2. children with obstructive sleep apnea (osa) and obstructive apnea hypopnea index (oahi) 5-40 / hour: the rationale for selecting this range of oahi is that a large number of children with ds with this range of osa severity are untreated for months to years. it is important to understand the response to oxygen across the spectrum of disease severity. notably, children with severe disease are left with few options (e.g., tracheostomy). 3. absence of clinically significant hypoxia defined as oxygen saturation \< 88% for 5 minutes or episodic desaturation to 60% as these levels would otherwise identify children eligible to routinely receive oxygen. exclusion criteria: 1. current cpap use with documented compliance (\> 4 hrs/ night; \> 70% of nights). 2. oxygen saturation \< 90% at rest during wakefulness 3. chronic daytime or nighttime use of supplemental oxygen. 4. unable to participate in a polysomnogram (psg). 5. enrolled or planning to enroll in another study that may conflict with protocol requirements or confound results in this trial.

Keywords: sleep apnea down syndrome continuous positive airway pressure (cpap)
peers using peer mentors to deliver depression care

Conditions: Depression

Summary: fifteen to twenty percent of older americans (6 to 8 million people) suffer from depression but more than one-half do not receive any services, a burden disproportionately shared by low-income and minority older adults who receive few or no services. the investigators propose to test a community-based peer model of depression care called peers (a peer support program) that provides self-care support for minority and low-income older adults.

depression is a major burden for minority and low-income older adults who are less likely to use mental health services, and development of new service delivery models is needed to improve the quality of life and address disparities to access for this group. the investigators propose to test the effectiveness of a peer-delivered depression care program that is embedded in the community and linked to the patient's primary care clinic. the investigators will carry out a randomized controlled trial of the peers program in which peer mentors who have personal experience of depression meet individually with older adults recruited in the community for 8 weekly meetings focused on relief of depressive symptoms through self-care support and linkages to community resources. this group of low-income and minority older adults in the intervention will be compared to a group that receives non-peer visits that provide social interaction. the peers program takes a chronic disease self-management approach and is guided by the conceptual frameworks of social support, peer support, and social learning. the investigators will conduct an analysis of mediation to understand the mechanism of peer support, by measuring factors such as self-efficacy and loneliness that may be responsible for the intervention effect. the investigators' goal is to use peer-delivered depression care to decrease the mental health morbidity of at-risk low-income and minority adults. the potential public health impact is high because the investigators' project seeks to increase access to depression for a vulnerable group of older adults who often do not get care and leverages an existing workforce of peer workers whose services are reimbursed in many states.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 50 years and older * depressive symptoms with patient health questionnaire-9 scores ≥ 5 * belong to an underserved population, defined as annual income less than 200% of the federal poverty level ($24,120) and/or self-identified ethnic minority * able to communicate in english * willing to give informed consent. exclusion criteria: * meet diagnostic criteria for mania or hypomania * meet diagnostic criteria for psychotic syndrome * meet diagnostic criteria for substance abuse or dependence * acutely suicidal * a score on the mini-mental state examination (mmse) ≤ 24 * currently taking an antidepressant medication with dosage change in the past 3 months * receiving active psychotherapy
dextromethorphan for treatment of postoperative pain

Conditions: Post-operative Pain

Summary: a randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative dextromethorphan compared to placebo for the treatment of postoperative pain

there is extensive preclinical evidence that dextromethorphan has an analgesic effect in patients with pain of traumatic origin. the primary objective is to of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative dextromethorphan compared to placebo for postoperative pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (tka). this is a single-institution, multi-dose, randomized, placebo-controlled, trial to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative dextromethorphan compared to placebo for postoperative pain in patients undergoing tka. male and/or female patients will be randomized to either dextromethorphan treatment group (n = 80) or placebo group (n= 80). patients will receive 60 mg oral dextromethorphan (or matching placebo) preoperatively, as well as 30 mg 8- and 16-hours postoperatively.

Eligibility criteria:
main inclusion criteria: * patients age ≥18 planning to undergo total knee arthroplasty * asa classes i - iii main exclusion criteria: * bmi ≥ 35 * history opioid abuse * history of intractable vomiting after previous surgery
prognosis study of renal transplantation in children

Conditions: Kidney Failure

Summary: kidney transplantation is the worldwide recognized best renal replacement treatment for children with end-stage renal disease. successful kidney transplantation can not only alleviate uremia symptoms, improve survival and quality of life, but also achieve optimal growth and cognitive development in children. clarifying the cause of end-stage renal disease before transplantation is of vital importance to the comprehensive assessment and follow-up of the extra renal organs, reducing the risk of recurrence of the primary disease, the choice of the timing and the mode of transplantation, the scheme of immunosuppressive agents, as well as providing accurate genetic counseling for families. timely molecular diagnosis and correct data analysis play a positive role in promoting the etiological diagnosis of uremic children before renal transplantation. we hypothesized that identifying the molecular diagnosis can improve prognosis of kidney transplantation. 300 cases of end-stage renal disease children were included and whole exome sequencing are performed to identify the molecular diagnosis. the cohort was divided into 2 groups according to whether the molecular diagnosis was clear. clinical information before and after renal transplantation of each group are collected, and the decision tree analysis model and logistic regression model are used to study the effect of clear molecular diagnosis on the 3 year survival rate of renal transplantation.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * donors and recipients who accepted kidney transplantation at centers included in this study exclusion criteria: * older than 18 years old. * there are severe systemic diseases and/or local and/or spiritual system diseases. * there are systemic acute or chronic infections, infectious diseases. * the donated organ dysfunction, or other causes that are damage to donors and recipients.

Keywords: prognosis pathogenic gene decision tree study
studies of mothers with postnatal depression

Conditions: Postnatal Depression

Summary: this study investigates the effects of a single dose of oxytocin (ot) delivered via a nasal spray in women with and without traits of postnatal depression (pnd).

a double-blind, placebo-controlled, case-controlled, randomised controlled-trial, within-subjects, cross-over design will be conducted. participants will include mothers and their infant in the postnatal period. all participants will be screened for symptoms of low mood on the edinburgh postnatal depression scale (epds) and then assigned into 2 groups comprising probable pnd cases and controls. all participants will take part in 3 conditions at baseline (before nasal spray administration), condition 1 (after first ot/placebo administration) and condition 2 (after second ot/placebo administration), and will complete the same order of tasks.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all mothers will be aged ≥18 years old. * mothers in the clinical group will score above the clinical cut-off point on the epds. * mothers in the control group will score below the clinical cut-off point on the epds. * mothers must be able to read and write english at a level sufficient to complete study related assessments. exclusion criteria: * if the mother is younger than 18 or post-menopausal * if the pregnancy was a result of fertility treatment * if the mother is pregnant * if the mother has history of psychotic illness * if the mother is at risk of self-harm * if the mother is involved in other active drug trials

Keywords: oxytocin
attitudes about smoking: a telephone survey

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: this study involves telephone surveys of parents of young urban children with and without asthma to assess attitudes about smoking including personal smoking bans in their homes and cars, and beliefs about public policies regarding smoking.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * child with asthma or a matched child without asthma from the rochester city school district exclusion criteria: * non-english speaking family / parent
a study of acute kidney injury in care transitions

Conditions: Acute Kidney Injury

Summary: this research is being done to develop materials and processes that will help facilitate education and kidney care coordination for aki survivors.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - participants will be recruited from those identified by a developed electronic health record list of patients with stage iii aki (severe) during a hospitalization based on serum creatinine rise or urine output decline from olmsted county. exclusion criteria: * dementia. * non-english speaking. * expected to be dismissed to a skilled nursing facility or hospice at discharge. * expected to need dialysis at discharge. * primary care transitions program enrollment. * transplant recipients within 100 days of transplant. * can only have one time enrollment.
rosuvastatin treatment for intracranial arterial stenosis based on magnetic resonance angiography

Conditions: Intracranial Arterial Diseases

Summary: the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rosuvastatin treatment on degree of intracranial arterial stenosis.

the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rosuvastatin treatment on degree of intracranial arterial stenosis in two years. dyslipidemia patients with intracranial arterial stenosis will be enrolled under informed consent in this study. rosuvastatin (5mg) will be orally administered once daily. dose of rosuvastatin will be adjusted to control serum ldl-c level under 1.8mmol/l. primary outcome is the progression of intracranial stenosis on magnetic resonance angiography (mra) after two years.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. male or female patients between 30 and 80 years of age. 2. patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke 3. patients with intracranial arterial stenosis ≥50% in supraclinoid internal carotid artery, m1 portion of middle cerebral artery, a1 portion of anterior cerebral artery, p1 portion of posterior cerebral artery, or basilar artery. 4. ldl-c level is more than 100 mg/dl (2.6 mmol/l) or under treatment of dyslipidemia 5. patients taking clopidogrel as antiplatelet therapy when providing informed consent 6. patients considered to be able to visit the study site 7. patients who provided written informed consent exclusion criteria: 1. any haemorrhagic stroke or haemorrhagic infarction 2. familial hypercholesterolemia 3. patients with uncontrolled angina pectoris or congestive heart failure 4. patients with severe liver or renal dysfunction 5. patients with a malignant tumor requiring treatment 6. patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 7. patients with secondary dyslipidemia (due to corticosteroid etc) 8. patients with a history of myopathy 9. patients considered by the investigator to be unsuitable for participating in this study

Keywords: intracranial arterial disease dyslipidemia rosuvastatin
the effect of vitamin d and calcium supplementation on the prevention of stress fractures.

Conditions: Stress Fracture; Vitamin d

Summary: the main objective of this study is to find whether supplemental vitamin d and calcium can reduce the incidence of stress fractures in recruits. these high-risk recruits undergo intensive training which elevated bone turnover, which requires adequate level of vitamin d and calcium in order to support bone health. it is hypothesized that supplemental vitamin d and calcium will decrease the occurrence of stress fractures.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * recruits newly enlisted at a training base in september 2021. * agree to accept relevant inspections and serological research, and sign an informed consent form. exclusion criteria: * suffer from diabetes, osteomyelitis and other diseases. * suffer from claustrophobia and other mri examination contraindications. * long-term use of glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or calcium, vitamin d. * a history of kidney disease. * allergic to any ingredient of the medicine.
endoscopic ultrasound guided liver biopsy and portal pressure registry

Conditions: Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Dysfunction; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Fibrosis; Liver Inflammation

Summary: patient registry aiming to provide regional evidence documenting the clinical merit of eus (endoscopic_ ultrasound) guided liver biopsy, per local standard of practice, in patients with suspected liver disease indicated for an endoscopic intervention and a liver biopsy.

the finding of this patient registry may lead to recommendations towards optimizing liver biopsy procedures. if the study demonstrates the optimization of the number of interventions needed to reach diagnostic and therapeutic goals in the setting of suspected liver disease thanks to the utilization of acquire compared to other liver biopsy procedures, this data can be used as part of economic messaging of the bsc acquire fine needle biopsy. this registry will document all relevant diagnostic and therapeutic radiologic - trans jugular or percutaneous - and endoscopic/endosonographic interventions which enrolled patients undergo when they are suspected to have liver disease and are indicated for an endoscopic procedure and liver biopsy. the study will help illustrate that an eus guided approach for liver biopsy in patients with suspected liver disease that is indicated for: upper endoscopy and liver biopsy will benefit both the patients and the hospitals from completing both procedures in one setting. where possible, the proposed registry will also allow for the dynamic assessment of the severity of liver disease and for monitoring of changes to therapy for liver fibrosis and/ or portal hypertension. it is anticipated that the ability to monitor changes in liver status over time will become increasingly important as new therapies emerge in the field.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult (per local age threshold) * suspected liver disease based on abnormal liver function tests, standard ultrasound, transient elastography (fibro scan) or ct or mri of the liver * planned upper endoscopy to evaluate for varices * planned liver biopsy based on suspected hepatitis or cirrhosis exclusion criteria: * severe coagulation/bleeding disorder as defined by inr \> 2 iu which cannot be corrected with ffp or platelets \< 50,000 per microliter which cannot be corrected with platelet transfusion. * severe organ failure considered unsafe to undergo sedation (asa class 4 or 5) * inability to provide informed consent

Keywords: liver endoscopy biopsy ultrasound eus liver biopsy
multimodal training with immersive virtual reality to improve the cognitive health and emotional well-being of older women living alone

Conditions: Social Isolation in Older Adults; Poverty

Summary: this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality-based multimodal intervention (virtualdona) to improve cognitive health and emotional well-being in older women living alone and at risk of poverty. the intervention combines mindfulness, cognitive, and physical training in a group format over 8 weeks.

the virtualdona project aims to promote the health of older women living alone and at risk of poverty, as they are considered a highly vulnerable population. women's longer life expectancy compared to men leads to a greater proportion of women living alone. in catalonia, there are 786,000 people living alone, and 42.2% are aged 65 or older. the combination of being a woman, of advanced age, and living alone is associated with a high rate of poverty. these social and economic determinants significantly increase the likelihood of developing dementia and/or mental health disorders in affected individuals. research has established a connection between social isolation, aging, and a higher probability of experiencing dementia, stress, depression, and anxiety. economic uncertainty is also known to contribute to stress and anxiety, while social stigma-particularly affecting older women-can negatively impact their cognitive and mental health. all of these factors highlight the need for preventive interventions targeting women over the age of 65 who live alone and have incomes below the minimum income threshold. virtualdona proposes a preventive intervention for this population using immersive virtual reality technology (without headsets) to improve cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and quality of life. the intervention will be delivered in a group format over 8 weeks (16 sessions). the combination of mindfulness, cognitive, and physical exercises within a virtual environment offers a suitable multimodal platform for a comprehensive and innovative intervention aimed at vulnerable women. the project aims to demonstrate the benefits of this approach and to develop a sustainable, scalable, and long-term viable business model.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female * age 65 years or older * living alone * registered with the elderly care services of suara cooperativa * annual income below the guaranteed minimum income threshold (below €20,353.62/year) * global cognitive functioning not suggestive of dementia, defined as mmse score ≥ 24 * able to read and write * good command of catalan and/or spanish * signed informed consent to participate in the study exclusion criteria: * history of severe neurological, psychiatric disorders, or intellectual disability * uncorrected sensory deficits (e.g., vision or hearing) * physical or motor impairments that may interfere with participation or bias outcome measures

Keywords: social isolation cognitive dysfunction aging poverty virtual immersive reality
virtual reality training in occupational rehabilitation

Conditions: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Mental Health Disorder; Back Pain, Low; Anxiety Disorders; Depression

Summary: work-related attention bias modification training and virtual reality training in occupational rehabilitation is a multisite pilot study. the quantitative aim of this pilot study is to compared virtual reality (vr) training and attention bias modication (abm) training to investigate whether the different training forms result in different results measured with work-related outcomes and cognitive outcomes. the qualitative aim of this pilot study is to investigate the patients' experiences with the usage of vr. three rehabilitation insitutions will be recruiting patients participating in occupational rehabilitation, and the study will compare the outcomes of work-related interventions with and without the addition of abm or vr training. the study seeks to determine if these interventions can improve work ability, reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and change attentional bias from negative to positive stimuli.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age between 18 - 67 years * must be on sick leave, work assessment allowance or on disability pension * receiving work-related rehabilitation or treatment at clinics with either an international classification of primary care, second edition (icpc-2) within the musculoskeletal (l), psychiatric (p) or unspecific disorders (a) categories or international classification disorders-10 diagnosis within the mental and behavioral disorders (f), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (m) or other diagnoses. exclusion criteria: * applying for a full disability pension; * unable to complete the measures and receive instructions in norwegian.

Keywords: virtual reality gaming occupational rehabilitation patient experience quanitative study qualitative study