select2: a randomized controlled trial to optimize patient's selection for endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke

Conditions: Acute Ischemic Stroke

Summary: select 2 evaluates the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy compared to medical management alone in acute ischemic stroke patients due to a large vessel occlusion in the distal ica and mca m1 who have large core on either ct (aspects: 3-5) or advanced perfusion imaging (\[rcbf\<30%\] on ctp or \[adc\<620\] on mri: ≥50cc) or both and are treated within 0-24 hours from last known well.

select 2 is a prospective, phase iii randomized, international, multicenter, assessor-blinded controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy in patients with large core on either ct or advanced perfusion imaging treated within 0-24 hours from last known well. patients with the final diagnosis of an acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion in the distal ica and mca m1 who have large core on either ct (aspects: 3-5) or advanced perfusion imaging (\[rcbf\<30%\] on ctp or \[adc\<620\] on mri: ≥50cc) or both within 0-24 hrs from last known well will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio into thrombectomy plus medical management vs medical management alone. patient outcomes will be measured at baseline, 24 hours post, discharge, 30 days and 90 days. the primary endpoint is the modified rankin scale (mrs) at 90 (+/- 15) days. the primary outcome is a shift on 90-day mrs. secondary outcomes are favorable clinical outcomes: mrs score of 0-2, safety outcomes such the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sich per sits-most) and imaging endpoints such as infarct volume on mri diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi) sequence (or ct if mri not feasible) 24 to 72 hours after randomization. ct images will be read by ischemaview automated aspects as well as by a physician. in cases where there is disagreement, the physician reading will override the automated software reading. ct/mr perfusion images with mismatch determination will be read by ischemaview automated rapid software. all the images will be adjudicated by a blinded core lab at the university of texas-medical school at houston. a maximum of 560 patients will be randomized across the study sites. covariate adaptive randomization will be used to balance the distribution of important variables. interim analyses will be conducted at 200 and 380 patients, at which time the study may stop for efficacy or futility.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. adults (18-85 years) with the final diagnosis of an acute ischemic stroke 2. nih stroke scale score (nihss) ≥ 6 3. last known well to groin puncture or medical management between 0 to 24 hours 4. pre-stroke modified rankin scale score (mrs) of 0-1 5. eligible for thrombectomy or medical management 6. signed informed consent obtained 7. subject willing to comply with the protocol follow-up requirements 8. anticipated life expectancy of at least 3 months specific neuroimaging inclusion criteria: 1. proven large vessel occlusion in ica or mca-m1 occlusion (carotid occlusions can be cervical or intracranial, with or without tandem mca lesions) determined by mra or cta 2. large infarct-core lesion on at least one of the following: * 2.1. non-contrast ct (aspects of 3-5), * 2.2. ct perfusion (rcbf\<30% ≥50cc), * 2.3. mri-dwi (adc\<620 ≥50cc) exclusion criteria: 1. inability to undergo ct angiography and/or ct perfusion imaging (e.g., renal insufficiency, iodine/contrast allergy) 2. co-morbid psychiatric or medical illnesses that would confound the neurological assessments 3. treatment with thrombolytic agent beyond 4.5 hours from last known well 4. treated with thrombolytic agent 3-4.5 hours after last known well and any of the following: * 1) age \>80, * 2) current anticoagulant use, * 3) history of diabetes and prior stroke, * 4) nihss \>25, * 5) ischemic involvement of \> 1/3 mca territory 5. current participation in another investigational drug or device study. neuroimaging exclusion criteria 1. patients who have both aspects of 6-10 on non-contrast ct and core volume \<50 cc on perfusion imaging 2. patients with very large core on non-contrast ct i.e. aspects ≤ 2 3. evidence of intracranial tumor (except small meningioma), acute intracranial hemorrhage, neoplasm, or arteriovenous malformation 4. a significant mass effect with midline shift 5. evidence of internal carotid artery dissection that is flow limiting or aortic dissection 6. intracranial stent implanted in the same vascular territory that precludes the safe deployment/removal of the neurothrombectomy device 7. acute symptomatic arterial occlusions in more than one vascular territory confirmed on cta/mra (e.g., bilateral mca occlusions, or an mca and a basilar artery occlusion). 8. signs of established infarct and large area of cerebral edema on non-contrast ct

Keywords: ischemic stroke large vessel occlusion endovascular thrombectomy