evaluating the safety and effectiveness in adult korean patients treated with tolvaptan for management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Conditions: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Summary: to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of tolvaptan when administered to slow the progression of cyst development and renal function insufficiency in adult korean patients diagnosed with rapidly progressive adpkd who have chronic kidney disease (ckd) stages 1-3 at initiation of treatment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. subjects who voluntarily participate by giving written informed consent on this trial 2. male and female patients aged ≥ 19 to ≤ 50 years 3. subjects diagnosed with adpkd based on the unified criteria for ultrasonographic diagnosis of adpkd (pei-ravine criteria) 4. subjects with confirmed ckd stages 1-3 at the screening visit 5. subjects with confirmed rapidly progressive typical adpkd 'typical adpkd' * refers to bilateral and diffuse distribution, with mild, moderate or severe replacement of kidney tissue by cysts, where all cysts contribute similarly to tkv. 'rapidly progressive adpkd' * patients will be defined as 'rapidly progressive adpkd' if they meet any of the following criteria: * mayo class 1c, 1d or 1e * truncating pkd1 mutation confirmed by genetic testing before participating this trial ③ pro-pkd score \> 6 ④ patients with adpkd with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate(egfr) ≥ 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 within 1 year from the screening visit or with an average annual decline in egfr ≥ 2.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 over a period of 5 years (excluding patients with an egfr decline due to factors other than adpkd, such as uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, early diabetic glomerular disease or immune-mediated glomerulonephritis) exclusion criteria: 1. patients with hyponatremia or hypernatremia 2. patients with anuria 3. patients with volume depletion 4. patients who are unable to sense or appropriately respond to thirst 5. patients with contraindications to mri assessment \[e.g., ferromagnetic metal prosthesis, aneurysm clips, severe claustrophobia, large tattoo on the abdomen or back, etc.\] 6. patients with severe renal impairment \[e.g., patients with currently active glomerulonephritis, kidney cancer, having a single kidney, history of renal surgery within the last 3 years, etc.\] 7. patients with severe hepatic impairment \[e.g., cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, unspecified liver function test abnormalities (alt or aspartate aminotransferase(ast)) \> 3 x uln or total bilirubin \> 2 x uln), etc.\] 8. patients with egfr decline due to factors other than adpkd (e.g., uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, early diabetic glomerular disease or immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, etc.) 9. patients with a history of hypersensitivity and/or specific reactions to benzazepine or benzazepine derivatives (such as benazepril), or tolvaptan 10. patients with hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the lapp lactose deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption, etc. 11. patients who need chronic diuretic use 12. patients who are receiving any experimental (not marketed) or approved therapies that may affect the treatment of adpkd within 6 months from the screening visit \[e.g., anti-sense rna therapy, rapamycin, sirolimus, everolimus and somatostatin analogs (octreotide, sandostatin), vasopressin antagonist (mozavaptan, conivaptan), vasopressin agonist (desmopressin)\] 13. patients who have received cyst decompression or sclerotherapy within 3 years from the screening visit 14. patients with a history of taking tolvaptan within 6 months from the screening visit 15. patients who received any investigational medicinal product in another trial within 30 days from the screening visit 16. fertile women who are currently pregnant or breat feeding, or not willing to use or capable of using acceptable contraceptive methods (abstinence, oral, implanted or injected hormonal methods of contraception, intrauterine device or barrier methods of contraception, such as condom, contraceptive diaphragm and spermicidal agents) to avoid pregnancy until completion of the trial 17. patients who are, in the opinion of the investigator, unable to comply with the administration of the investigational medicinal product(imp) or the trial procedures