Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
a research study looking at blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes previously treated with premix insulin and initiating treatment with insulin degludec/liraglutide (ideglira) in local clinical practice in croatia

Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Summary: the purpose of this study is to look at the blood sugar control in participants with type 2 diabetes previously treated with premix insulins and initiating treatment with ideglira. participants will get ideglira as prescribed by study doctor regardless of participant's decision to participate in the study. decision to initiate treatment with ideglira will be made by study doctor independent from the study. the study will last for about 36 weeks. participants will be asked questions about their health and diabetes treatment and lab tests as part of their normal doctor's appointment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * signed consent obtained before any study-related activities (study-related activities are any procedure related to recording of data according to the protocol). * male or female patients aged greater than or equal to (\>=) 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. * patients diagnosed with t2d and receiving treatment with premix insulin for at least 12 weeks (3 months) based on local clinical guidelines. * switched to treatment with ideglira from previous treatment of premix insulins. the decision to initiate treatment with ideglira must be independently from the decision to enrol in the study. * available and documented hba1c collected within 12 weeks prior to initiation of ideglira. exclusion criteria: * previous participation in this study. participation is defined as having given informed consent in this study. * participation in any other t2d clinical trial of an approved or non-approved investigational medicinal product within 30 days prior to initiation of ideglira. * previous treatment with ideglira. * patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. * female who is known to be pregnant, breastfeeding or intends to become pregnant during the conduct of the study. * mental incapacity, unwillingness or language barriers precluding adequate understanding or cooperation. * known or suspected hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients as specified in the ideglira label in croatia.
the effect of tdcs on schizophrenia with negative symptoms

Conditions: Schizophrenia

Summary: the investigators conducted a randomized controlled trial to reveal the effect of tdcs on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and its underlying mechanism using the neuroimaging and electrophysiology.

the project will investigate the use of a novel technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. tdcs permit the application of an extremely weak continuous electrical current to the brain through an anode and a cathode applied on the scalp. anodal stimulation appears to increase brain activity whereas cathodal stimulation has the opposite effect. using anodal and cathodal tdcs the investigators aimed to treat negative symptoms of schizophrenia. the investigators plan to apply tdcs such that it can simultaneously increased activity in the frontal brain areas and reduce activity over temporoparietal cortex, 2 areas involved in the physiopathology of the disease. real active stimulation will be compare to a sham condition in 44 patients (22 in each group). 44 patients will be included in seoul national university hospital

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * dsm-iv schizophrenia * 1 or more items of negative symptom score in panss \> 5 exclusion criteria: * presences of neurological disorder or history * iq \< 70 * presence of severe personality disorders * presence of substance use disorder (except nicotin) * pregnancy * presence of severe medical condition or disorders

Keywords: schizophrenia tdcs negative symptoms
pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics of acamprosate treatment outcome

Conditions: Alcohol Use Disorder

Summary: auds are difficult to treat, and relapse rates are high, with an estimated 80% of individuals with auds returning to alcohol use after completing addictions treatment. novel treatment approaches are needed to enhance long term sobriety. the investigator's research team has been investigating the use of acamprosate to prevent relapse to alcohol use. unfortunately despite being fda approved and endorsed by the american psychiatric association only 10% of patients treated for aud are prescribed acamprosate or other antidipsotropic medications. the number is higher for patients treated in programs affiliated with mayo clinic addiction services (approximately 20%) but is way less than expected. the most common reasons behind these low numbers are the understanding that not every patient benefits from the use of specific medication and the lack of biomarkers predictive of response. the purpose of this project is to identify such biomarkers by discovery of genomic and metabolomic markers associated with response to acamprosate treatment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 to85; dsm-5 diagnosis of aud determined by prism; 2. completion of alcohol detoxification (ciwa score \< 5) and no alcohol for at least 7 days (but no more than 35 days); 3. ability to provide informed consent 4. ability to speak english 5. willingness to use the study medications for 3 months and attend follow-up visits. 6. no chronic/daily use of benzodiazepines, opioids, or stimulants for a period of time which is determined by 3 x the medication half-life value (see addendum a) to be completed before the initiation of study medication (acamprosate or placebo). 7. willingness to discontinue previously prescribed acamprosate for a period of at least 3 days before randomization to study medication (acamprosate or placebo). exclusion criteria: 1. hypersensitivity or allergy to acamprosate 2. current use of wellbutrin and not willing to switch to an acceptable antidepressant medication 3. renal impairment (creatinine level \>1.5 mg/dl); 4. diagnosis of advanced liver disease indicated in the medical record or by a meld score of above 10; 5. women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the next year; 6. primary diagnosis of substance use disorder other than alcohol as determined by prism or in medical record review or secondary diagnosis of active (within the past year) benzo/sedative dependence, opioid dependence, stimulant dependence, heroin dependence, and/or cocaine dependence 7. refusal to abstain from any chronic/daily use of prescribed benzodiazepines, opioids, stimulants, cannabis related medication such as cbd or medical marijuana, during the course of participation. 8. current use of naltrexone and not willing to stop and switch to acamprosate/placebo 9. current use of antabuse. 10. active suicidal ideation or any unstable medical or psychiatric condition as determined by responses to prism or by the investigator. 11. status of involuntary or court-ordered admission at time of consent.
clinical decision support system to define 30 day adverse clinical events for emergency department acute coronary syndromes

Conditions: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Clinical Decision Support System

Summary: acute coronary syndromes are among main complains for patients presenting to emergency department. risk classification systems are used to classify patients to appropriate risks and help physicians manage diagnosis strategies and treatments. purpose of this study is to develop a clinical decision support system for patients presenting to emergency department with the help of statistical machine learning.

acute coronary syndromes are among main complains for patients presenting to emergency department and create a burden to emergency departments and hospitals. risk classification systems were developed and used to classify patients to appropriate risk groups. according to risk classification, different diagnosis and treatment modalities can be used and help physicians manage diagnosis strategies and treatments. purpose of this study is to develop a clinical decision support system for patients presenting to emergency department with the help of statistical machine learning.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * presenting to emergency department with acute chest pain consistent with acute coronary syndrome exclusion criteria: * patients with less than 18 years old * patients presenting with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction * patients presenting with other causes of acute chest pain (pneumothorax, pulmonary -embolism, aortic dissection * decline to participate in study

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, risk classification, 30 day adverse event, clinical decision support system
noninvasive positive airway pressure in the pediatric emergency department for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations

Conditions: Asthma

Summary: previous investigations and anecdotal experience have shown safety and utility of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation/bilevel positive airway pressure (nippv/bipap) for the treatment of asthma in children. if nippv/bipap can be shown to have a beneficial effect in children with respiratory insufficiency, emergency department and icu stays may be shortened, and the need for more invasive and dangerous airway procedures may be decreased. this would result in a change in the standard of care for asthma treatment in emergency departments. the investigators hypothesis is that the use of this new nippv, in conjunction with current standard of care therapies, in acute moderate to severe asthma exacerbations will lead to a more rapid improvement in patient ventilation, faster resolution of respiratory distress, and overall improved secondary outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 2-18 years old * for subjects 3 years and older, a known history of asthma as diagnosed by the pcp or per the vanderbilt problem list * for children ages 2-3 years, four or more episodes of wheezing in the past year that lasted more than 1 day and affected sleep and one of the following: parental history of asthma, a physician diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, or evidence of sensitization to aeroallergens * acute asthma exacerbation * pediatric asthma score (pas) ≥ 8 * parents willing and able to sign consent * children over the age of 6 willing to provide assent exclusion criteria: * history of congenital heart disease, chronic respiratory disease including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension or any chronic lung disease other than asthma * history of sickle cell disease * recently diagnosed pneumonia * current tracheostomy, on home ventilator or home oxygen requirement * recent diabetic ketoacidosis * requiring immediate intubation * weight less than 5 kilograms * any contraindication to bipap use including altered mental status, recent bowel surgery, intractable vomiting, inability to protect airway * a history of prematurity of ≤ 30 weeks gestation

Keywords: asthma pediatrics bipap noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
uphs weight loss study

Conditions: Obesity

Summary: the goal of this study is to compare a novel approach using financial incentives to changes in health benefit design and their impact on employee weight loss.

employers are increasingly looking for opportunities to encourage weight loss among employees. while studies have shown that financial incentives can effectively encourage weight loss, little is known about their use in health benefits design. the goal of this study is to determine whether a financial incentive program delivered to obese university of pennsylvania health system employees can effectively encourage weight loss when compared to changes in health benefit design. this is a randomized controlled trial involving financial incentives with four study arms: control, delayed gratification, immediate gratification, and financial incentive with frequent feedback. participation in this study will last about 12 months. the primary goal of the study is to test the effects of a novel financial incentive program using a lottery with frequent feedback to normal benefit design structures.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adults age 18-70 * bmi of 30 or above exclusion criteria: * inability to consent * illiteracy and/or inability to speak, read, and write english * participation in another research study conditions that would make participation unsafe: * current treatment for drug or alcohol use * consumption of at least 5 alcoholic drinks per day * myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 6 months * current addiction to prescription medicines or street drugs * serious psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., severe major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) * pregnant or currently breastfeeding * diabetic and using any medicine besides metformin to control blood glucose * metastatic cancer * unstable medical conditions that would likely prevent the subject from completing the study * previous diagnosis of an eating disorder * history of unsafe weight loss behaviors such as binging or the use of laxatives
radical mastoidectomy versus mastoid oblitration in pediatric population

Conditions: Paediatric Cholesteatoma

Summary: chronic otitis media (com) has a significant impact on health issues since prehistoric time. it is a global disease, seen in all the continents of world having different environmental and socioeconomic background. com is characterized as a permanent abnormality of the pars tensa or flaccida, most likely a result of earlier acute otitis media, negative middle ear pressure or otitis media with effusion. com squamous active (cholesteatoma) is a type of com, which is a mass formed by keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid, subepithelial connective tissue and by the progressive accumulation of keratin debris with/without surrounding inflammatory reaction.

paediatric cholesteatoma spread more extensively through the temporal bone than in adult as the temporal bone in children is well pneumatized. the disease in children is frequently more extensive and expanding, with more involvement of the peri-labyrinthine cells and petrous apex. it is a commonly encountered disease entity which requires prompt surgical management as early as possible. the management of cholesteatoma is solely surgical. comparatively the pediatric population has higher rates of recurrent and residual disease, possibly due to anatomic and physiologic differences. eustachian tube anatomy and dysfunction predisposes children to more frequent infections and retraction pockets. thus posing a greater challenge than in adults in treating cholesteatom. the goals of surgery are to eliminate epithelial and bone disease thoroughly and prevent the recurrence, produce a dry and safe ear and to restore serviceable hearing

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - 1. patient suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media, attico-antral (squamous) disease. 2. age less than or equal to 18 years. exclusion criteria: - 1. patient having an intracranial complication of chronic suppurative otitis media. 2. bony erosion of sinus plate or dural plate or bone covering the trautmann's triangle with granulations over the erosion in patients undergoing mastoid obliteration operation.
phase ii/iii study comparing chemoradiotherapy with radiotherapy in elderly patients with esophageal or esophagogastric cancer - 3jecrog p-01

Conditions: Esophagus Cancer; Esophagogastric Junction Cancer; Radiotherapy; Complications; Chemoradiation

Summary: ratiotherapy alone is the current standard treatment for elderly esophageal or esophagogastric cancer in china. and little is known about chemoradiotherapy (crt) in elderly patients. this study aimed to assess the efficiency and safety of simultaneous integrated boost (sib) intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) with s1 based sib-imrt followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with s1 in in elderly (age ≥70 years) esophageal or esophagogastric cancer patients


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * ≥70 years * esophageal or esophagogastric cancer * histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma in patients staged as iia-ivb (uicc 2002, ivb only with supraclavicular or celiac trunk lymph nodes metastasis) * karnofsky performance status(kps)≥ 70 and charlson score ≤3 * no distant metastasis other than supraclavicular lymph nodes * no prior history of thoracic radiation * patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below: leukocytes: greater than or equal to 3,500 g/l; platelets: greater than or equal to 100,000/mm3 .hemoglobin:greater than or equal to 10g/l .total bilirubin: within normal institutional limits; ast/alt: less than or equal to 1.5 times the upper limit; creatinine within normal upper limits * informed consent exclusion criteria: * patients with other cancer history except cervical carcinoma in situ and non-malignant melanoma skin cancer * with any distant metastasis out of regional lymphatic drainage or in liver,lung,bone,cns,etc * history of allergic reactions attributed to similar chemical or biologic complex to s-1 * with esophageal fistula, perforation, cachexia prior to treatment * uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, active infection, symptomatic heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness * history of myocardial infarction within the past 6 months or history of ventricular arrhythmia * pregnant or lactating females
pathological characteristics of basal cell carcinoma

Conditions: Dermatological Tumors

Summary: a hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to february 2021. clinical history, examination and histopathological variants were collected from medical files and pathology reports. confirmation of pathology was done in all the patients visiting skin and plastic surgery department with suspected lesions.

some cases may be tested for immunohistochemistry on the tissue block

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * excised lesion * confirmed basal cell carcinoma pathologically exclusion criteria: * incision biopsy * incomplete follow up
use of the cardioprotectant dexrazoxane during congenital heart surgery

Conditions: Heart Defects, Congenital

Summary: cardiopulmonary bypass and arrest of the heart during cardiac surgery are necessary to allow the surgeon to perform heart operations. however, these processes can cause injury to the heart which may worsen post-operative outcomes. in fact, the effects of these injuries may continue after surgery, and lead to a long-term decrease in heart function. neonates and young infants are at particular risk for this occurrence. while much research has been done in adults looking for medicines that might protect the heart during surgery, few studies have been conducted in neonates and young infants. the investigators are testing dexrazoxane, which has proven to be cardio-protective in pediatric cancer patients, in the hope that it may lessen cardiac injury during and after congenital heart surgery, and thereby improve outcomes in the neonatal and young infant population. in order to accomplish this, the investigators must first determine how dexrazoxane can be safely administered to young children with congenital heart disease.

neonates and infants undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest experience both inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion \[ir\] injury. these processes provoke myocardial apoptosis and oxygen free radical formation which result in cardiac injury and dysfunction. dexrazoxane \[drz\] is a derivative of edta that is approved for prevention of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. it provides cardioprotection through reduction of toxic reactive oxygen species \[ros\], and suppression of apoptosis. the investigators propose a 12-patient pilot to determine drz pharmacokinetics, and to collect additional safety data in the neonatal and infant population. efficacy of cardioprotection will not be evaluated in this preliminary investigation, though the investigators will determine postoperative time to resolution of organ failure, development of low cardiac output syndrome, length of cardiac icu and hospital stays, laboratory indices of myocardial injury and systemic inflammation, and echocardiographic cardiac dysfunction for safety purposes, and as a run-in to the larger, randomized, placebo controlled trial. conducting this pilot could optimize team execution of the study protocol. in addition, results could further establish the safety of drz in the neonatal and infant populations.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age ≤ 1 year * open heart surgery requiring cpb and use of cardioplegia * parent/guardian consent for study obtained * surgery planned monday-friday exclusion criteria: * gestational age \<36 weeks at time of enrollment * known syndrome or genetic abnormality, except trisomy 21 * single ventricle physiology * concurrent enrollment in another research protocol
study 1 replication and extension of prior work

Conditions: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Summary: the goal of this research is to explore abilities to learn word meanings from overheard conversations in children with asd (and, as a control, typically developing children). specific aim 1 (experiment 1): subaim 1a: identify child characteristics associated with learning from overhearing. in a prior study, the investigators found that 13 children with asd were able to learn the meanings of novel words that they heard used in a conversation involving two adults. in the current study, the investigators aim to study a larger sample to identify what child characteristics are associated with good learning in an overhearing situation as compared to a situation in which the child is directly taught the new word. subaim 1b: assess retention and generalization of words learned from overhearing. the investigators will re-test children on their knowledge of the word meanings after a 10-minute delay to see if they both retain the word meanings and can generalize the new words to new situations.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children with or without a diagnosis of asd between 18 to 71 months of age exclusion criteria: * native language is not english * born premature (\< 36 weeks) * has uncorrected hearing or vision impairments * has developmental disorders or medical conditions other than asd that affect language or cognition (excepting psychiatric conditions often comorbid with asd such as adhd) * has a history of photosensitive epileptic seizures