Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
health education by buddhist monks to promote malaria knowledge and preventive practices in rural myanmar

Conditions: Buddhist Monks; Health Education; Malaria; Monastery-based; Myanmar; Preventive Practice

Summary: malaria is still a leading public health concern in myanmar. however, people living in rural areas usually showed poor prevention practice despite residing in malaria hotspots. the majority in myanmar are buddhists who frequently visit the monastery and receive the speech delivered by the monks. in a malaria high burden township of the sagaing region from northern myanmar, current study will first explore the difference in malaria preventive practices among people residing in different malaria-endemic villages through a mixed-methods approach. next, this research will address the knowledge gaps by a monastery-based health education delivered by trained buddhist monks using standardized health messages instruction for six consecutive months between august 2022 to january 2023. to test whether the intervention could balance those gaps among different groups, quantitative data of baseline, 3-month, and 6-month will be compared using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test or repeated anova, and the difference-in-differences (did) analysis, as applicable.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: for educational intervention; - voluntary participation for questionnaire surveys; * male or female household leaders or immediate family members * aged \>18 years who had resided in the study villages for more than one year exclusion criteria: for questionnaire surveys; - individuals who were unable to communicate effectively or were under the influence of narcotics, including alcohol
an observational cross-sectional study evaluating the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with nvaf with a risk of stroke or systemic embolism, who are on treatment to adequately control their coagulation and treated in primary care centres

Conditions: Stroke; Prevention and Control; Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (nvaf) at risk of stroke or systemic embolism on anticoagulant therapy who have changed their therapeutic regimen, due to any clinical situation, based on the doctor's routine clinical practice and are currently on treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant (doac)


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with nvaf with a risk of stroke or systemic embolism treated in primary care centres. * patients on regular treatment with anticoagulants who have changed their ther-apeutic regimen due to any clinical situation and have been on treatment with a doac for at least three months before being recruited (date of signing the in-formed consent). * patients whose doac has been indicated by the primary care physician. * patients who have given their informed consent in writing. exclusion criteria: * patients who changed their anticoagulant therapy within a period of less than three months before signing the informed consent. * patients with cognitive impairment preventing them from understanding what is written in the patient information sheet or the informed consent, or from per-forming the self-administered questionnaires. * patients who started anticoagulant therapy for nvaf with a doac.
brief intervention for heavy drinkers

Conditions: Alcohol Abuse

Summary: the purpose of the study is to determine whether a brief intervention (a short conversation build on the principles of motivational interviewing) is effective in lowering self reported alcohol use in heavy drinkers.

background and purpose: the danish national board of health has awarded 5.6 million dkr to two studies that will test methods that can be used for effective and early detection of heavy drinkers. the study will be carried out in 9 danish municipalities in 2008. the study is part of the 'diet, smoking, alcohol and exercise' nationwide health study of the danish population. it takes place in 13 municipalities in 2007 and 2008. the study will determine whether a brief intervention is effective in lowering self reported alcohol use in heavy drinkers. design: the experiment is designed as a randomized controlled trial, where heavy drinkers will be allocated to either: a) a intervention group receiving a short (about 10 minutes) motivational conversation (build on the principles of motivational interviewing) and two leaflets about alcohol ('good advice about drinking less' and 'learn more about alcohol') and a sheet about local alcohol treatment possibilities. the intervention group is also offered a brief telephone follow up call 4 weeks later. the purpose of this is to maintain the participant's motivation to reduce drinking. b) a control group receiving two leaflets about alcohol ('good advice about drinking less' and 'learn more about alcohol') and a sheet about local alcohol treatment possibilities. the study will take place in premises linked to the 'diet, smoking, alcohol and exercise' nationwide health study. after 6 and 12 months there will be follow-up and the participants will receive a questionnaire with questions about their alcohol consumption.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * participants must be invited to the danish 'diet, smoking, alcohol and exercise' nationwide health study. * participants must have responded to an internet questionnaire. * participants must have a weekly alcohol consumption above the recommended danish limits (168 grams of alcohol for women, 252 grams of alcohol for men). exclusion criteria: * weekly alcohol consumption less than 168 grams of alcohol for women and 252 grams of alcohol for men.

Keywords: heavy drinking brief intervention alcohol prevention randomized trial motivational interviewing intervention studies prevention & control
predictive value of dna mismatch repair system in colorectal cancers

Conditions: MSI-H Colorectal Cancer

Summary: * microsatellite instable (msi) tumors represent almost the 15% of all sporadic colorectal cancers (crcs). * literature data show that this unique tumor population appears to be poorly responsive to conventional chemotherapy and conversely reveals excellent results to immunotherapy. * our data, as demonstrated by propensity score-matched and win ratio analysis, show that there are no substantial differences between msi and mss tumors in early crc stages treated with surgery alone. * on the contrary, stable tumors (mss) did much better than msi tumors in advanced crc stages undergoing conventional adjuvant treatment. * determination of status of dna mismatch repair system is crucial in high-risk crcs to optimize treatment.

colorectal cancers (crcs) with deficient dna mismatch repair (mmr) system (so called dmmr or msi tumors) represent a no-negligible part of sporadic crcs. prognostic value of this unique cell population remains controversial, but undoubtedly these tumors are characterized by poor response to conventional chemotherapy, an high tumor mutational burden resulting in a brisk immuno response, and, as recently observed, excellent results to the immunotherapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate, by using sophisticated statistical analyses, the predictive value of msi status and its optimal treatment. a series of 403 consecutive crc patients treated by the same oncological team from 2014 to 2021 entered the study. no patients underwent immunotherapy. immunohistochemistry, integrated by polymerase chain reaction if appropriate, was used to categorize specimens in microsatellite stable (mss) and instable (msi) tumors. the win ratio (wr) approach was utilized to compare composite outcomes of mss and msi tumors while controlling for radical versus no radical resection, propensity score-matched analysis, and reversing primary endpoint.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all consecutive crc patients observed from january 2014 to december 2021 exclusion criteria: * patients with suspected or confirmed lynch's syndrome (12 patients) and rectal cancers (98 patients) undergoing neoadjuvant treatment

Keywords: colorectal cancers; dna mismatch repair; win ratio
the safety and efficacy of deferoxamine for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Conditions: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Non-resectable

Summary: to investigate the safety and efficacy of deferoxamine (dfo) combined with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (tace) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).

dfo, an iron chelator, is considered as a potential drug to the treatment of hcc. ferrum is an important transition metal for organisms and the liver plays a major role in its storage. however, in pathologic conditions, it will lead to hepatocyte injury through the free radicals generated by excess iron. in addition, excess iron accumulation in the liver increases toxic free iron, which is closely associated with hepatic inflammation, as well as the development and progression of hcc. reduction of iron is likely an important therapeutic targets for treating hcc. iron reduction therapy has been efficacious in both in animal hcc models and results of clinical studies also suggest potential efficacy for hcc. dfo chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents the iron from entering into further chemical reactions. the investigators assume that dfo, combined with tace, may provide additional efficacy in patients with unresectable hcc.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * adult patients, ≥ 18 years of age. * the participant must have histologically-confirmed, unresectable hcc * at least 1 measurable lesion, and overall tumor lesions occupying \< 50% of liver volume * the participant has provided signed informed consent * no known allergy to contrast media * not pregnant * no vascular anatomy or bleeding that would preclude catheter placement or emboli injection exclusion criteria: * patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy or immunotherapy. * patients who have received previous chemotherapy, biological agents, or radiotherapy. * prior transarterial chemoembolisation (tace) or transarterial embolisation (tae). * prior liver transplantation or liver resection. * current or recent (within 10 days of study start) use of full-dose anticoagulants for therapeutic purposes. * patients with high risk esophageal/gastric varices. * the participant has central nervous system (cns) metastases or carcinomatous meningitis * the participant has poorly-controlled hypertension \[in other words (ie), blood pressure in abnormal range despite medical management\]

Keywords: deferoxamine transarterial chemoembolization unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
glycemic response to six meal replacements in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Conditions: Diabetes

Summary: this will be a randomized, cross-over design. subjects will be randomized to one of six interventions on six separate study days, 1 week apart.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 20-75 yrs * type 2 diabetes controlled with diet or diet and oral agent, with the exception of sulfonylureas such as glimepiride (amaryl), glipizide (glucotrol/glucotrol xl) and glyburide (diabeta, micronase, glynase prestabs); meglitinides such as reaglinide (prandin) and nateglinide (starlix); and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose (precose) and miglitol (glyset) * hemoglobin a1c less than 9.0% * fasting blood glucose less than 180 mg * hematocrit levels within normal limits exclusion criteria: * abnormal thyroid function * creatinine \>2.0 mg/dl * potassium \<3.5 meq/l * gastrointestinal disease: ulcer, gastritis, diarrhea, gastroparesis, vomiting * currently unstable diabetes or under treatment for cancer, heart disease, renal disease * unable to give informed consent or follow instructions * current insulin therapy or insulin therapy within the past month * patient who are pregnant * allergies to milk, soy or any component of the test product * patient who in the investigators assessment cannot be expected to comply with treatment * currently participating or having participated in another clinical trial. * patients with anemia
a study in subjects with retinal detachment

Conditions: Retinal Detachment

Summary: the purpose of this trial is to access the tolerability of ins37217 intravitreal injection when administered intravitreally in subjects with macula-on or macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (rrd).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * have macula-on or macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment * are eligible for pneumatic retinopexy, with identifiable retinal breaks * are phakic or pseudo-phakic exclusion criteria: * have detachments not of a rhegmatogenous nature * currently have blood in the vitreous, corneal opacity, or other conditions which limit the view of peripheral retina * have evidence of intraocular inflammation (uveitis) * have a history of current condition of uncontrollable, elevated iop or open-angle glaucoma * have breaks not conducive to a single procedure of pneumatic retinopexy treatment * have proliferative vitreoretinopathy of type c or d * have previously had a vitrectomy or require one * have previously had a scleral buckle procedure
impact on xerostomia for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with or without superficial parotid lobe-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Conditions: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Radiation-induced Xerostomia

Summary: this is a prospective phase ii clinical randomized controlled study, the purpose of this study is to assess whether superficial parotid lobe-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (spls-imrt) can decrease the incidence of xerostomia versus conventional imrt (c-imrt) in npc patients.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria:1) newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed world health organization (who) type ii-iii npc; 2) stage i-iva (t1-4 n0-3m0) according to the staging system of the 8th american joint committee on cancer/union for international cancer control (ajcc/uicc); 3) no prior antitumor therapy; 4) no tumor involvement in salivary gland; 5) no parotid glands disorder and no history of parotid glands surgery; 6) ages between 18 and 70 years; 7) eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) performance status of 0 to 1, and 8) adequate organ function exclusion criteria: 1) used salivary stimulating or protecting agent; 2) metachronous or synchronous malignancy; 3) pregnancy or lactation; or 4) severe comorbidities. the pretreatment evaluation included a complete history and physical examination, nasopharyngoscopy, chest x-ray, complete blood count, liver and renal biochemistry, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the head and neck.
a randomized controlled trial of inhaled tranexamic acid for the treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage in cancer patients

Conditions: Pulmonary Hemorrhage; Cancer

Summary: this is a drug study that will examine if inhaled tranexamic acid can improve mortality in patients with cancer-related pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory failure as compared to usual care.

primary objective: to assess the benefit of using nebulized tranexamic acid versus the standard of care on 30 day mortality. secondary objectives: to assess the following outcomes when using nebulized tranexamic acid versus the standard of care: 1. 100 day, icu and hospital mortality rate 2. ventilator days at day 30 3. icu and hospital length of stay 4. pao2:fio2 ratio (or spo2:fio2 ratio) changes over the first 14 days 5. time to resolution of pulmonary hemorrhage 6. rate of recurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage 7. rate of invasive procedures required to control pulmonary hemorrhage

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. age \> 18 years old 2. have a diagnosed hematological malignancy 3. are actively receiving mechanical ventilation 4. have evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage as defined by either 1. persistently bloody secretions upon endotracheal tube suctioning, or 2. evidence of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage by bronchoscopic examination 5. signed informed consent by patient or if the subject lacks decision-making capacity, the subject's legally authorized representative 2.3.2 exclusion criteria patients excluded from participation in the study if any of the following criteria are met: 1. presence of a do not resuscitate (dnr), no escalation of care or comfort care order at the time of screening 2. expected survival \< 48 hours 3. evidence of nasal or oral spillage likely to be the cause of bloody secretions 4. patients requiring 100% fio2 5. known hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid 6. treatment with inhaled tranexamic acid prior to screening 7. acquired defective color vision 8. subarachnoid hemorrhage 9. deep venous or arterial thrombus diagnosed within the previous 3 months 10. seizure disorder on active anti-epileptic therapies 11. hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of the ingredients 12. pregnant women will not be eligible and have a negative pregnancy test prior to entering study 13. patient receiving concurrent anti-fibrinolytic therapy 14. confirmed active covid-19 infection
expression of epk in recurrent miscarriage

Conditions: Recurrent Miscarriage

Summary: the present study is based on hypotheses that some as yet unknown genetic factors may result in recurrent miscarriage (rm). consequently, the main aim of this study was to gain new information about the underlying genetic causes of rm in the egyptian population and to investigate the expression of erk and p-erk protein in human placenta and their corresponding tissue, to assess the significance of mapk signal pathway in progression of recurrent miscarriage and pi3k-akt pathway.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. gestational age less than 12 weeks. 2. no uterine abnormalities (examined by ultrasonography or hysterosonogram) 3. previous history of rm, defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages exclusion criteria: 1. gestational age 12 weeks or more. 2. endocrine etiology like (thyroid dysfunction, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus). 3. antiphospholipid syndrome, inherited thrombophilias, alloimmune causes. 4. uterine anatomic anomalies

Keywords: genetic basis
transobturator repair by vaginal plastron

Conditions: Anterior Prolapse Surgery Using the Transobturator Repair by Vaginal Plastron

Summary: the autologous vaginal route consists of repairing the genital prolapse through the vagina using the patient's tissues without a prosthesis. vaginal prostheses are actually currently prohibited in france \[1, 2\]. the autologous vaginal route is the quickest surgery and it can be done under spinal anesthesia, which constitutes arguments for offering it to elderly and fragile patients. the autologous vaginal approach gives functional and subjective results similar to promontofixation \[2\]. there are many surgical techniques that make it difficult to assess the recurrence rate in the literature. autologous vaginal surgery provides a good degree of satisfaction for patients despite the risk of recurrence \[3\]. we propose to describe the results of the transobturator cystocele repair by vaginal plastron, a technique which seems reproducible and effective to us.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * women over 18 * patient who underwent surgery using the transobturator repair by vaginal plastron for correction of anterior prolapse requiring surgical correction of stage equal to or greater than ii in the pop-q classification * intervention between september 2020 and october 2022 * person having expressed his non-opposition exclusion criteria: * inability to understand the information given * person deprived of liberty * person under guardianship

Keywords: anterior prolapse transobturator repair vaginal plastron
axs-05 phase ii trial on smoking behavior

Conditions: Smoking Cessation; Smoking, Cigarette; Nicotine Dependence

Summary: this research study is designed with the purpose of evaluating a new drug, combination dextromethorphan-bupropion (axs-05), for its effects on smoking behavior.

this study aims to investigate the potential efficacy of a combination of two fda-approved agents, sustained release (sr) bupropion (bup) and immediate release (ir) dextromethorphan (dxm), for the purpose of smoking cessation treatment. dxm, a widely used over-the-counter cough suppressant, is a nicotine receptor antagonist. in fact, studies by duke's center for smoking cessation (csc) have shown that administration of dxm leads to a decrease in self-administration of nicotine in nicotine-dependent rats. dxm, however, has not been studied in humans. dxm, when taken alone, is not expected to be useful for treating nicotine dependence in humans given dxm rapidly metabolizes in humans via cyp2d6. as a result, therapeutic concentrations needed to bind to nicotine receptors are not obtained. therapeutic concentrations of dxm are required, therefore, to allow dxm to bind to nicotine receptors and act as a nicotine antagonist. in order to attain therapeutic concentrations of dxm a metabolism inhibitor must be introduced. bup is a well-known fda approved smoking cessation medication that has been shown to inhibit the metabolism of dxm. when bup is co-administered with dxm to healthy volunteers, a significant increase in dxm plasma levels is observed. currently, axsome therapeutics inc. (axsome) is developing and testing an oral fixed-dose combination of ir dxm with sr bup to achieve therapeutic concentrations of dxm. this investigational drug has been named axs-05. axsome has found axs-05 to be generally safe and well-tolerated in three phase 1 studies. the adverse event profile of axs-05 was similar to that of bup alone. given the distinct mechanisms by which bup and dxm interact, it is hoped that combining dxm and bup will prove more efficacious than either drug administered alone for the purpose of tobacco use treatment in humans.

Eligibility criteria:
key inclusion criteria: 1. age 18 years or above 2. daily smoker using 10 or more cigarettes per day 3. willing to be smoke-free for 7 days 4. is able to provide written informed consent (in english) to participate in the study and able to understand the procedures and study requirements. 5. is willing to voluntarily sign and date an informed consent form that is approved by an institutional review board before the conduct of any study procedure. key exclusion criteria: 1. current use of a smoking cessation medication (e.g. nicotine replacement, varenicline, bupropion) 2. current use of tobacco product other than cigarettes (e.g. e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco) 3. not pregnant or breastfeeding 4. contraindication to the use of bupropion. 5. additional criteria may apply.

Keywords: smoking cessation nicotine dependence bupropion dxm nicotine addiction cigarette smoking dextromethorphan