Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
the influence of plaquenil/hydroxychloroquine (hcq) on insulin secretion

Conditions: Diabetes Type Two

Summary: antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (hcq), are among the oldest prescribed drugs still used in clinical practice. relatively inexpensive and well tolerated, these drugs have been recognized to be effective in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). interestingly, there is growing evidence of their beneficial impact on cardiovascular risk, particularly diabetes. hcq therapy can improve balance in patients with unbalanced diabetes. this drug therapy may be a new therapeutic approach for diabetes. there is need for a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the improvement of the metabolic response to drug treatment. the investigators hypothesize that treatment with a drug improves the function of the beta cell and its ability to secrete insulin in response to glucose. the investigators will examine the impact of short-term therapy for hcq in beta cell function in healthy volunteers and in patients with type 2 diabetes.


Eligibility criteria:
two groups will participate in this study: healthy volunteers and diabetes patients a. healthy volunteers * inclusion criteria: * age: 18-40 * without acute disease at the day of the experiment. * signed informed consent * exclusion criteria: * malignancy * steroids or nsaid on a daily basis b. diabetes patients * inclusion criteria: * age: 20-60 * diabetes type two * untreated or on metformin treatment * exclusion criteria: * hypoglycemic medications
decision making in hypothetical carpal tunnel syndrome

Conditions: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Summary: participants will be presented with a hypothetical scenario of carpal tunnel and asked to make a decision for that case.

participants will be randomized into 1 of 2 groups and receive a hypothetical scenario of carpal tunnel, with or without cost information, and asked to decide if that hypothetical patient should undergo a carpal tunnel release.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients presenting to hand clinic or mturk workers * age 18 or older exclusion criteria: * traumatic mechanism of injury
intermittent theta burst stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with robotic rehabilitation on ambulation in spinal cord injury patients

Conditions: Spinal Cord Injuries

Summary: comparison of different types of transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques which are intermittent theta burst stimulation (itbs) and high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) in patients with spinal cord injury

itbs lasts shorter than rtms so that this technique comfortable than rtms for both patients and also physicians. aim of this study is to compare effectiveness of this techniques. if results are same, itbs can be used instead of rtms.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * incomplete spinal cord injury (asia c and d) * 12 months after spinal cord injury * at least 10 meters walking independent or with canadian, walker or walking stick * put signature to approved form exclusion criteria: * epileptic seizure * pacemaker * pregnancy * neurological disease different from spinal cord injury * metalic implant in brain or scalp * brain surgery * orthopedic problem in lower extremity * malignity

Keywords: spinal cord injury rtms itbs ambulation lower extremity motor function
connecting caregivers with community services: the care buddy platform

Conditions: Dementia

Summary: the study aims to develop a mobile-app (care buddy) which will be a one-stop integrated source of information and technology-based solutions for caregivers of people with dementia (pwds). study aims to bring caregivers into closer partnerships with the wider ecosystem (e.g., healthcare practitioners, community services, peer support, and care service providers) which will ultimately improve outcomes for both pwds and their caregivers.

this is a 5-year study with various stages: 1) proof-of-concept stage to design and develop the care buddy intervention, 2) proof-of-value stage to assess the feasibility, acceptability and satisfaction with the care buddy intervention among informal caregivers of pwds, 3) test-bedding stage to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the care buddy intervention versus usual care among informal caregivers of pwds with help of a multi-centre 2-arm rct and 4) deployment stage to scale up the intervention at multiple centres across singapore, monitor its adoption and outcomes and assess any organizational and individual barriers to adoption. by the end of the proposed five-year project, investigators aim to develop and evaluate the technology as well as achieve widespread adoption among caregivers of pwds. investigators want to enable easy access to information, provide decisional and social support, improve the reach and uptake of existing community service providers, and assist with coordination among multiple informal and professional caregivers through the journey of dementia caregiving and into the bereavement phase.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the inclusion criteria for patients are 1. singaporean/permanent residents 2. age 21 years of age or older 3. main person or one of the main persons involved in making decisions regarding treatment patient receives or responsible for ensuring the well-being of the patient 4. an active primary caregiver for at least 6 months, and planning to remain the primary caregiver for the next 2 years 5. is a family member of the patient with dementia 6. can read and write in english 7. accessible by telephone to schedule interviews 8. has familiarity with use of technology (e.g., computers, tablets, or internet) and is able to complete surveys, forms using digital technology 9. intact cognition determined through the abbreviated mental test (amt) for those who are ≥ 65 years old. 10. caregivers who score \>=9 on the 6-item zarit burden scale exclusion criteria: * caregivers of patients staying in nursing home or other long-term care facility with no intention of being discharged will not be eligible however, if the patient is admitted to respite care for short/long term duration after being recruited, caregivers can continue to participate.
ph iwell study to compare an online interactive technology to self-directed care in overweight or obese individuals

Conditions: Overweight; Obesity

Summary: this is a six month lifestyle management study to compare the effects of iwell; a dynamic online interactive technology to a self-directed program in overweight or obese individuals. the primary aim is to test the hypothesis that dynamic online interactive technology intervention is more effective than self-directed program in obtaining and maintaining weight loss and other biometric improvements.

optimal health behavior is difficult to sustain over extended periods. this study seeks to demonstrate that technology can be a low cost scaleable solution that will provide the user with sufficient customization and personalization through social networking approaches such that sustainability of optimal health behavior is realized.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18-70 years old * overweight or obese men and women with bmi between 24 and 38, inclusive * concerned about weight/health (and motivated in losing weight) * stable medications for past 3 months * willing/able to use web-based services * willingness not to use weight loss medications for the duration of the trial * able and willing to give informed consent and participate in the interventions * willing to come to three sessions and visits * willingness to be randomized to intervention or control group exclusion criteria: * contraindication to weight loss (e.g., malignancy or other serious illness) * type 1 dm and type 2 dm with other end organ compromise (renal, retinal or other) * recent (within 6 months) cardiovascular event (mi or stroke) * current symptoms of angina * heart, renal, or liver disease (excluding kidney stone) * cancer or active neoplasm (excluding skin cancers) * hyperthyroidism * mental conditions that would preclude full participation * prior weight-loss (bariatric) surgery or plan for these procedures * liposuction surgery in past 12 months or plan for these procedures * recent weight loss in the past 3 months (\>20 lbs) * use of prescription weight loss medication in 3 months prior to screening * current use of medications for treatment of psychosis or manic-depressive illness

Keywords: overweight obesity
meningitis encephalitis: a metagenomics-based etiology & epidemiology research

Conditions: Central Nervous System Infections and Inflammations

Summary: autoimmune encephalitis (ae) is caused by abnormal immune response mediated by autoimmune antibodies of patients, which can be detected by a serial of autoimmune antibodies\[4,5,6,7\]. at present, the traditional infection diagnosis mainly relies on microbial culture method, which has the characteristics of long cycle, high cost, low detection rate and complex detection process. about 30-60% of encephalitis have unknown etiology\[2,3\]. on the other hand, the diagnosis and classification of noninfectious encephalitis mainly depend on the detection of autoimmune antibodies, the scope of diagnosis and differential diagnosis is limited, and the relationship between autoimmune encephalitis and infection factors is still unclear. metagenomics sequencing (mngs) is a new method that does not rely on microbial culture and can directly detect pathogenic nucleic acids. it has the characteristics of fast, accurate, high throughput, no preference for different pathogen detection, and can detect known and unknown pathogens at the same time. nowadays, mngs is widely used in the field of pathogen detection.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * either meet the items of 1, 2 or 1, 3 1. the patient's age \>14 years old, acute or subacute onset (less than 3 months), (first onset, treatment with anti-infection drugs and/or immunotherapy ≤5 days); 2. the patient has the following symptoms: 1. dysmnesia, 2. seizures, 3. mental disorders, 4. abnormal behavior, 5. unconsciousness or coma, 6. dyskinesia or involuntary movement, 7. lalopathy or be reticent, 8. dysphagia, sleep disorders, or autonomic nervous dysfunction, 9. ataxia. 3. patients with meningeal irritation sign, intracranial hypertension and other manifestations, satisfy at least 3 of the following symptoms: 1. headache, 2. fever, 3. stiff neck, 4. disturbance of consciousness, 5. kernig sign or brudzinski sign was positive. exclusion criteria: * 1. patients with suspected metabolic encephalopathy and toxic encephalopathy have the above manifestations, * 2. patients with central nervous system tumor (primary or metastatic) have the above manifestations, * 3. the patient with non-organic mental illness, * 4. patients who had undergone brain surgery within 6 months have the above symptoms after operation, * 5. patients with traumatic brain injury have the above manifestations, * 6. febrile convulsions caused by non-cerebral causes, * 7. patients with above manifestations due to other reasons such as cerebrovascular disease, genetic disease, etc; * 8. patients who refuse lumbar puncture or have contraindications to lumbar puncture; * 9. patients who withdraw informed consent.
emergency agitation in t&a

Conditions: Healthy

Summary: sevoflurane has been used commonly in pediatric anesthesia since 1990. however, it has caused more emergency agitation (ea) that other inhalation agents and the incidence is up to 80%. therefore, lower minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane will reduce the ea when it is used with remifentanil in pediatric general anesthesia.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * american society of anesthesiologist physical status i or ii * 2-6 year-old children * patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy exclusion criteria: * upper respiratory disease * mental retardation

Keywords: healthy pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
a study of fluzoparib in combination with mfolfirinox in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer

Conditions: Pancreatic Cancer

Summary: the study is being conducted to: a) evaluate the tolerability and safety of the co-administration of fluzoparib and folfirinox in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, and establish a maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase ii dose of the combination and b) assess the efficacy of the co-administration of fluzoparib and folfirinox in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged 18-79 years. * eastern cooperative oncology group (ecog) performance status (ps) of 0 or 1 * expected survival ≥ 6 months. * histologically or cytologically confirmed pancreas adenocarcinoma. * resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. * adequate organ performance based on laboratory blood tests. * presence of at least of one measurable lesion in agreement to recist criteria. * ability to understand and the willingness to receive a needle biopsy. * women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. * ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. exclusion criteria: * patients who have had any chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to entering the study. * patients with metastasis disease. * previous treatment with a poly adp-ribose polymerase (parp) inhibitor. * history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil or other agents used in the study. * previous treatment using cyp3a4 inducers within 3 weeks or inhibitors within 2 weeks. * significant cardiovascular disease such as new york heart associate class iii/iv, cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, unstable arrhythmia, or evidence of ischemia on ecg within 6 months prior to enrolment. * patients unable to swallow orally administered medication and patients with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication. * patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia. * patients with second primary cancer except curatively treated in-situ cancer or slowly progressing malignancy. * known active hepatitis b or c infection. * history of immunodeficiency (including hiv infection) or organ transplantation. * other serious accompanying illnesses, which, in the researcher's opinion, could seriously adversely affect the safety of the treatment.
evaluating skin barrier dysfunction in infants at high risk of atopy

Conditions: Atopic Dermatitis; Eczema; Food Allergy

Summary: it is hypothesized that food allergy is preceded by atopic dermatitis (ad), due to a disruption of skin barrier which can predispose one to food sensitization through the skin. the central hypothesis is that increased transepidermal water loss (tewl) assessment and skin tape strip analysis (sts) of lipid and filaggrin breakdown products will be predictive markers for the development of ad. additionally, the associated changes in tewl and sts will further improve the identification of infants at risk of early food sensitization, compared to family history alone.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * women with physician confirmed pregnancy at a gestational age of ≥ 34 weeks. infants at high risk for atopy will have one or both parents affected by an allergic disease. infants at low risk for atopy will have no parent or sibling affected by allergic disease. biologic parent(s) of infants at high risk of atopy will also be enrolled in the study. exclusion criteria: * pregnancy loss or delivery prior to a gestational age of ≥ 34 weeks, a history of substance or alcohol abuse, psychiatric and developmental co-morbidities that would render a subject unable to provide informed consent or perform study-related procedures, aids and hiv infection, or a fetus with chromosomal or congenital abnormalities.

Keywords: prevention predictors
comparison of the efficacy of flexible ureteroscope and percutaneous nephroscopic surgery in the treatment of 2-4cm kidney stones

Conditions: Kidney Stone

Summary: urolithiasis is a common disease in urology. with the continuous progress of science and technology, the treatment of kidney lithiasis has undergone revolutionary changes, and the previously commonly used open surgical lithotomy method has been gradually eliminated, and replaced with less traumatic treatment methods. percutaneous nephroscopy can theoretically treat the vast majority of kidney stones, especially in the treatment of kidney stones \> 2 cm, it is widely used. with the development of ureteroscopy technology, the adaptation of ureteroscopy for the treatment of kidney stones has been expanding, and people have gradually paid attention to it with less damage and higher safety. this study aims to evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of soft ureteral lithotomy in the treatment of 2-4cm kidney stones is equal to that of percutaneous nephrolithotomy through prospective randomized controlled clinical trials, so as to provide more choices for physicians and patients, and provide theoretical basis for the standardization of clinical practice and the rationality of treatment.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. the patient agrees to participate in the experiment and signs the informed consent, including compliance with the requirements of the experiment 2. american society of anesthesiologists (asa) score of 1-2, tolerate surgery 3. age 18-70 years old 4. diagnosed with renal stones via ct scan, with the largest diameter of the stone being 2-4 cm. exclusion criteria: 1. excessive obesity, bmi \> 28 2. severe urinary tract infection not corrected 3. previous history of kidney transplantation or urinary tract diversion surgery 4. uncorrected bleeding or patients with coagulation dysfunction 5. urinary system congenital malformations, such as polycystic kidney, horseshoe kidney, pelvic ectopic kidney, etc 6. combined with serious heart and lung dysfunction and failure of important organs and cannot tolerate anesthesia or surgery

Keywords: kidney stone flexible ureteroscope percutaneous nephroscopic surgery
cue-reward learning and weight gain in youth

Conditions: Overweight; Obesity

Summary: the objective of the study is to compare children at low risk for obesity (two healthy weight parents) to children at high risk for obesity (two overweight parents) in their response rate to food taste and in their rate of learning using fmri.

the primary aim of this project is to conduct an adequately powered study that compares children at low risk for obesity to children at high risk for obesity on their brain responses to food tastes during a pavlovian learning task. seven assessment visits will be conducted at three separate time points; baseline, 1-year follow up, and 2-year follow up. assessments will include anthropometry, interviews, computer tasks, questionnaires, and an fmri scan. this program of research tests a novel hypothesis regarding overeating and the development of obesity in children, and could provide critical data on individual vulnerabilities to overeating for further research. furthermore, this study could provide mechanisms for intervention with regards to cue-reward learning in children, to ultimately prevent obesity in youth.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * healthy weight children between the ages of 8 and 11 years * bmi 5-75th percentile * child must be right-handed * child must be willing to participate in an fmri scan * either two biological parents who are overweight/obese or no biological parents that are overweight/obese * one biological parent willing to bring child to assessment visits * child and participating parent fluent in english for speaking, reading, and writing * child must like cheese pizza and chocolate milkshake exclusion criteria: * child overweight (bmi≥85th percentile) * child diagnoses of a serious chronic physical disease (e.g., diabetes) for which physician supervision of diet and exercise prescription are needed * child who is taking medications that may impact brain responses (can take kids who are stable on meds) * child with mri contraindications (presence of metallic foreign object or device in body, piercings that cannot be removed, tattooed permanent makeup that contain metal, braces, head trauma, claustrophobia, use of bigen permanent hair dye) * child with an active eating disorder (reported on ede interview) or with first degree relative with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa * cognitive impairment or disability determined through parent and child self-report measures, and parent reported child individual education plan * vision problems uncorrectable with lenses * food allergies related to cheese pizza, chocolate milkshake, or the snack foods used in the study * menarche in female participants at time of enrollment * children scoring within the midpubertal range or higher based on the pubertal development scale

Keywords: overweight obesity body mass index weight brain imaging child learning
an open-label phase-1 study of opb-31121 in patients with advanced solid tumors

Conditions: Solid Tumor

Summary: this is an open-label, non-randomized, single-center, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. six dose levels (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/day) are planned for the study. in this study, opb-31121's potential for toxic effects will be evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors to evaluate the recommended dose for use in subsequent studies. the pharmacokinetics and antitumor effect of the compound will also be investigated.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria 1. histologically confirmed solid tumor refractory to standard therapy or for which there is no standard therapy 2. age: more than 19 years 3. ecog performance status: less than 2 4. life expectancy of longer than 3 months 5. adequate vital organ function as follows: * bone marrow function * neutrophils: more than 1,500 per microliter * platelets: more than 75,000 per microliter * hemoglobin: more than 10.0g per deciliter * hepatic function * ast and alt: less than 2.5 x institutional upper limit normal * serum total bilirubin: less than 2.5 x institutional uln * renal function * serum creatinine: less than 1.5 x institutional uln 6. capable of swallowing opb-31121 tablets 7. ability to understand and willingness to sign written informed consent document for participation in the trial and for analysis of genotypes cyp2c9 and nat2 8. no chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or immunotherapy within 4 weeks prior to study entry and recovered from any prior toxicity exclusion criteria: 1. symptomatic cns metastasis 2. uncontrolled concurrent illness, including active infection, heart failure, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmia 3. psychiatric illness that would limit compliance with study requirements 4. pregnant or breast-feeding women and women of childbearing potential who cannot or will not use effective contraceptive measures 5. administration of another investigational agent within 6 months prior to study entry 6. use of cyp3a4 and cyp2c9 inducers, inhibitors, or substrates, and cyp2b6, cyp2c8 and cyp2d6 substrates 7. hyperlipidemia: total cholesterol:more than 300 milligram per deciliter or triglycerides: more than 2.5 x institutional uln 8. abnormal thyroid function: hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism of grade 2 or higher (graded according to the nci-ctcae)