Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
melatonin and sleep in preventing delirium in the hospital

Conditions: Delirium

Summary: recent data suggests that melatonin, a supplement available over the counter, may help prevent delirium in hospitalized patients. the investigators are hypothesizing that melatonin may help in delirium prevention by improving sleep quality and possibly circadian rhythm cycling in patients who are given the supplement. this pilot study involves a randomized placebo-controlled design in which participants will be randomized to receive either melatonin 3mg orally or placebo orally. participants in both groups will be fitted with wireless actigraphy devices to obtain objective sleep quality, and will also receive a sleep questionnaire each morning to obtain subjective data on their sleep quality overnight. delirium will be assessed by floor nurses twice daily using the confusion assessment method (cam).


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 65-100 years old * admitted to scripps green hospital * admitted to an internal medicine or medicine consult service * expected to have a hospital stay of greater than or equal to 48 hours (patients admitted to "inpatient," not "observation," under medicare guidelines) exclusion criteria: * cirrhosis of any etiology * admitted for alcohol withdrawal * currently taking a 1st or 2nd generation anti-psychotic * active delirium (i.e., delirium prior to 1st dose of melatonin) * diagnosis of encephalitis * history of seizure

Keywords: delirium melatonin
coparime: pilot study of a target detection of malignant melanoma

Conditions: Patients at Risk for Melanoma

Summary: melanoma is nowadays an important public health problem because its growing incidence. mass screening for melanoma is not recommended worldwide because of its low cost-effectiveness. nevertheless targeted screening for patients at high risk for melanoma is promoted. this study is designed to assess the effectiveness and the acceptability of a melanoma targeted screening of melanoma, to estimate the risk function to develop a melanoma among patients at high risk according to the samscore and to estimate the ratio cost/ efficacy of the melanoma targeted screening. a cohort of 7700 patients is carried out in 2 departments covered by a registry of cancers. the recruitment had began in april 2011. patients assessed at high risk according to the samscore were proposed a skin examination by their gp every year.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients more than 18 years old, * consulting their gp, * assessed at risk for melanoma according to the samscore * signed the consent.

Keywords: cohort melanoma targeted screening risks function cost effectiveness
remdesivir in covid-19 lahore general hospital

Conditions: SARS-CoV Infection

Summary: remdesivir is a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue and it has a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against paramyxoviruses, falviviruses and coronaviruses. it showed in vitro activity on human airway epithelial cells against sars-cov-2. it is an investigational drug and granted an emergency use authorization by food and drug administration fda, so it is under clinical trial. the potent mechanism of action of this drug is still unclear but it effects through several processes. it can interfere with nsp12 polymerase even when exoribonuclease proofreading is intact. it can also produce nucleoside triphosphate ntp that acts pharmacologically active alternate substrate of rna-chain terminator, as a result ntp can constrain active triphosphates into viral rna of coronaviruses. there is evidence of high genetic barrier to develop resistance against remdesivir in coronavirus as a result of which is maintains its effectiveness in antiviral therapies against these viruses. effectiveness of remdesivir has been reported against different groups of coronaviruses including alphacoronavirus nl63 and several sars/mers-cov coronaviruses.

this is interventional single-center study, that will be done at lahore general hospital in which 95 beds are allocated for covid-19 patients including icus and hdus. ethical approval will be obtained from research ethical committee of lahore general hospital, lahore. informed consent will be obtained from all patients who will agree to publish their data in this research. patient's privacy protection will be obeyed with the helsinki declaration. the aim of this study is to evaluate clinical effectiveness of this investigational drug, started a clinical trial of this drug on laboratory-confirmed covid-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital of lahore, pakistan.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all patients of all ages, males, and females who will be diagnosed covid-19 positive by rt-pcr with moderate illness. * patients having classical radiological lesions of covid-19 on x-ray chest or hrct chest. * respiratory rate \> 22/ min and \>50% of radiological involvement of lung with typical lesions. * fio2 remain static or improving along with \> 30% deranged ≥ 2 biochemical markers crp \> 20 mg/l, ldh \> 600 u/l, d.dimer \> 0.5mg/l or 500 ng/ml, serum ferritin \< 500 ng/ml or mcg/l will be included in clinical trial. exclusion criteria: * patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (imv). * patients with respiratory rate \ 20%. * presences of chronic renal failure \> 4 stage, gfr \< 30ml/min/1.73m2. * alt/ast \> 5 times than normal values. * pregnant women.

Keywords: covid-19 remdesivir
use of large field of view during image acquisition for coronary angiography

Conditions: Exposure to Ionizing Radiation; Occupational Exposure to Radiation; Radiation Injury

Summary: coronary angiography exposes patients and physicians to ionizing radiation. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the routine use of large field of view during image acquisition for coronary angiography. patients with indication of diagnostic coronary angiography will be randomized for the use of either large field of view during image acquisition or medium field of view. patients, physician and nurse radiation exposure will be measured by digital dosimeter.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * indication of diagnostic coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease * sign written consent form exclusion criteria: * therapeutics procedures * urgency/emergency procedures * previous cabg * severe valvular disease

Keywords: exposure to ionizing radiation occupational exposure to radiation
vitrification versus slow cooling of human cleavage stage embryos

Conditions: Infertility

Summary: human embryos can be preserved for later transfers by freezing. traditionally the slow cooling method has been used. about 70% of the embryos remain fully intact after thawing. however, the remaining 30% of the embryos become (partially) damaged, and this freezing damage reduces their chance to implant. recently an ultra rapid freezing method, called vitrification has been developed. during vitrification no damaging ice crystals are formed and the embryo freezes in a glass like state. it appears that the freezing damage is reduced when embryos are vitrified. observational studies in humans indicate that embryos are successfully preserved by vitrification, as indicated by promising pregnancy rates following thawing. however, the effectiveness of vitrification in relation to slow cooling with respect to pregnancy rates has so far not been evaluated by a randomised, controlled trial. the aim of this study is to investigate whether vitrification significantly improves embryo survival and ongoing pregnancy rates when compared to embryos frozen by slow cooling.

time of allocation: following embryo selection type of embryos: cleavage stage -, morula stage or early blastocyst stage embryo (day3 - day4 after oocyte collection) cryoprotectants: sucrose, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyleneglycol vitrification storage device: high security vitrification straws

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * female patient age 35 years or less * embryos are obtained by in vitro fertilization (ivf) or intra cytoplasmatic spermatozoon injection (icsi) * single embryo transfer * 1rst ivf/icsi treatment with an embryo transfer * availability of cryopreservable embryos exclusion criteria: * female patient age is 36 years or older * participants of oocyte donation program * participants of percutaneous spermatozoon aspiration (pesa) program * couples with a finite source of spermatozoa * absence of cryopreservable embryos

Keywords: ivf embryo cryopreservation vitrification slow cooling slow freezing surplus embryos human reproduction
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises in temporomandibular dysfunction

Conditions: Temporomandibular Disorder; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Pain

Summary: individuals who were diagnosed with reduction disc displacement by research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (tmd / rdc) were included in the study. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises were performed for 30 minutes using neck jaw and tongue patterns with rhythmic stabilization (rs) and combination of isotonics (ci) techniques by physiotherapist. maximal mouth openings were measured with caliper, pain intensities were measured with visual analogue scale and pressure pain thresholds with hand algometer.

tmd patients who are diagnosed by tmd/rdc are firstly assessed by physiotherapist for maximal mouth opening(mmo), pain intensity and pressure pain threshold. then they will taught exercises with rhythmic initiation which includes repetation of the patern and 15 repetitions are applied as warm-up period. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (pnf) exercises are performed in the neck and jaw patterns with rhythmic stabilization (rs) and combination of isotonics (ci) techniques. in the neck, right rotation-right lateral flexion, left rotation-left lateral flexion pattern, and the opening and closing pattern according to the working mechanics of the masseter and temporal muscle in the chin, rs and ci techniques are used. by providing maximum resistance in accordance with the needs of each individual, the rs protocol consist of isometric contractions that would not involve changing movements for 10 seconds. the combination of isotonics technique include combined concentric, isometric, and eccentric contraction of the agonist muscle for 5 seconds of each contraction without rest. ci exercises consist of 15 repetitions per set. a 30-second rest given between sets to include recovery. after exercises immediate mmo, pain intensity and pain treshold assessment will be applied.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * volunteers between 18-25 years female, admitted to the study with clenching, grinding, clicking, jaw pain when eating hard foods, and limited and painful mouth movements. exclusion criteria: * having orthopedic, neurological or rheumatological cervical disorders which affect the jaw motions; receiving occlusal therapy as a companion to treatment, those who have an operation in the area of jaw, head and neck and those with vertigo that prevents head movements during exercises.

Keywords: orofacial pain proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation therapeutic management threshold pressure temporomandibular joint disorders pressure pain
personalized patient data and behavioral nudges to improve adherence to chronic cardiovascular medications

Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Adherence, Medication; Medication Adherence; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Hyperlipidemias; Coronary Artery Disease; Atrial Fibrillation

Summary: the study plans to learn if sending different text messages, serving as reminders or encouragement, may help patients take their medication more often if they have had trouble keeping up with their medicines.

background: up to fifty percent of patients do not take their cardiovascular medications as prescribed resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. mobile and digital technologies for health promotion and disease self-management offer an intriguing and as of yet untested opportunity to adapt behavioral 'nudges' using ubiquitous cell phone technology to facilitate medication adherence. objectives: aim 1: conduct a pragmatic patient-level randomized intervention across three health care systems (hcs) to improve adherence to chronic cv medications. the primary outcome will be medication adherence defined by the proportion of days covered (pdc) using pharmacy refill data. secondary outcomes include clinical events (e.g., event times for stroke, mi, mortality), utilization of care (e.g., hospitalizations or clinic visits for cv-related reasons), and costs of healthcare utilization. aim 2: evaluate the intervention using a mixed methods approach and applying the re-aim (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework. in addition, assess the context and implementation processes to inform local tailoring, adaptations and modifications, and eventual expansion of the intervention within the 3 hcs more broadly and nationally. setting: the study will be conducted within three hcs in metro denver: va eastern colorado health care system (va), denver health and hospital authority, and uchealth.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with the following cardiovascular conditions and respective medication classes: * hypertension (beta-blockers \[b-blockers)\], calcium channel blocker \[ccb\], angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei), angiotensin receptor blockers \[arb\], or thiazide diuretic) * hyperlipidemia (hmg coa reductase inhibitor \[statins\]) * diabetes (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, dpp-4 inhibitors, sodium glucose transport inhibitor, meglitinides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, or statins coronary artery disease p2y12 inhibitor \[clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, ticlopidine\], b-blockers, acei or arb or statins) * atrial fibrillation (direct oral anticoagulants, b-blockers, ccb) exclusion criteria: * patients who do not have a mailing address listed in ehr; * patients who do not have a landline or cellphone listed in ehr; * currently pregnant if denoted in the ehr at the time of the data pull; * patients with a mailing address outside of the state of colorado; * patients that do not speak either english or spanish.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease telemedicine medication adherence behavioral health
improving the nutrition status of infants in south-western uganda

Conditions: Infant Malnutrition; Nutrition Knowledge; Growth; Cognitive Development

Summary: undernutrition and growth restriction due to poor diet and inadequate nutrient intake continues to be a global challenge, particularly in the developing countries including uganda. the etiology of inadequate nutrient supply to infants may relate to lack of resources or knowledge or a combination of both. poor nutrient intake and impaired growth may affect brain and cognitive development. this study aims to evaluate nutrient intake, growth and cognitive function among children between 6 and 36 months living in the fertile kabale and kisoro region in south-western uganda. the investigators hypothesize that nutrition education to mothers can bring about improved dietary intake and nutritional status among children aged 6-36 months. a follow-up study was conducted during the period january - july 2022.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * a lead caretaker with a 6-8 months infant (child/lead caretaker pair) who will have given consent to participate in the study. if there is more than one child of the age in the household, the younger one will be taken as the index/study child. exclusion criteria: * is older than 8 months at baseline * congenital malformations or physical handicap that may influence growth or interfere with taking of anthropometric measurements * disability that will influence nutrient intake * been diagnosed with mental or brain illness as evidenced by mother or health worker. * if the family that is likely to emigrate during the study period

Keywords: child nutrition sciences growth and development developing countries
vouchers to increase uptake of already free eye care

Conditions: Glaucoma; Eye Diseases

Summary: this study was intended to test if reframing an offer for a free follow-up eye examination could increase uptake within ongoing community-based screening program for low-income and minority populations in baltimore city. this study evaluated the effect of offering participants a physical voucher they were told was redeemable for free follow-up, relative to simply telling participants that the follow-up appointment would be free of charge. the investigators assessed two forms of vouchers, one with estimated value information, and one without. the underlying hypothesis was that reframing these already free offers would increase uptake by increasing perceived offer value and increasing a sense of regret from not taking advantage of a "good deal."


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * referred for follow-up at a screening to prevent glaucoma (stop) study screening event (overarching observational study from which trial sample was drawn). stop participants were referred for follow-up for any of the following conditions: (1) va worse than 20/40 in at least 1 eye despite autorefraction; (2) signs of retinal abnormalities on fundus photography; (3) uninterpretable fundus photography; (4) cup-to-disc ratio (cdr) greater than or equal to 0.9, and/or cdr between 0.7 and 0.9 with visual field defects or history of glaucoma; and (5) iop of 23 mm hg or greater. exclusion criteria: * stop participants who were not referred at the time of screening but later contacted after review of fundus photography * stop participants who were referred for follow-up but stated at the time of counseling that they were already under the care of an eye doctor

Keywords: voucher information health behavior
a study to learn how the body processes the study medicine called pf-07923568 in people with loss of kidney function

Conditions: Renal Impairment

Summary: the purpose of this study is to understand how the loss of kidney function affects study medicine (pf-07923568) in the body. people with some level of loss of kidney function may process pf-07923568 differently from healthy people. pf-07923568 is developed as a possible treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv is a common virus that affects the lungs and usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. rsv can cause severe lung infections in infants, elderly, and adults with other serious medical conditions. this study is seeking participants who: * have less than 25% difference in kidney function between 2 screening visits. * meet the egfr criteria for being assigned to groups. egfr tells how well the kidney is filtering. * are not on hemodialysis. hemodialysis is a type of treatment that helps the body remove extra fluid and waste products from the blood when the kidneys are not able to. participants will take the study medicine as capsules by mouth once at the study clinic. the participants will stay at the study clinic for about 5 days. during that time, the study team will monitor the participants. the study team will take some blood samples to test the level of pf-07923568. this will help us understand if some level of loss of kidney function will have an effect on the study medicine pf-07923568.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. stable renal function defined as ≤25% difference between 2 measurements of absolute estimated glomerular filtration rate (egfr) during screening. 2. meet the egfr criteria for cohort placement during the screening period. 3. body mass index (bmi) of 16-40 kg/m2; and a total body weight \>45 kg (99 lb.). 4. for cohort 2 normal renal function group only: at screening, meet the demographic-matching criteria, including body weight within ±15 kg and age within ±10 years, of the average of the pooled renal impairment cohort. exclusion criteria: 1. participants with acute renal disease. 2. participants who are clinically nephrotic. 3. participants requiring hemodialysis. 4. renal allograft recipients. 5. participants who have previously received a kidney, liver, or heart transplant. 6. urinary incontinence without catheterization. 7. history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, hepatitis b, or hepatitis c; positive testing for hiv, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), or hepatitis c antibody (hcvab). 8. history of alcohol abuse or binge drinking and/or any other illicit drug use or dependence within 6 months of screening. 9. participation in studies of other investigational products (drug or vaccine) at any time during their participation in this study.
antiaggregation in primary prevention of vascular access for hemodialysis

Conditions: Thrombosis

Summary: this is a prospective study consisting in testing whether systematic use of aspirin is beneficial for primary prevention of vascular access for hemodialysis attested by doppler ultrasound exam. the investigators will study aspirin resistance in the population of patients undergoing hemodialysis. the investigators will test sensibility of resistant patients to aspirin dose escalation. pfa-100 is the biologic test used in this study to define aspirin resistance.

three groups of dialysed patients will be included in this study. the first is the placebo group, the second is the aspirin group fixed dose and the last group includes patients receiving a dose of aspirin titrated by the result of pfa-100. at the end of this study the investigators will be able to identify whether systematic antiaggregation is suitable for a vascular access for hemodialysis. the investigators will also conclude which is better for patients fixed dose or aspirin dose escalation determined by the result of pfa-100. the study will analyse the prevalence of aspirin resistant patients in this particular population of dialysed patients.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * dialysed patients * vascular access aged less than one year * no serious complication of the vascular access previously such as hemorrhagic complication and tight stenosis exclusion criteria: * pregnant and breastfeeding women * patients receiving at baseline other antiaggregant or anticoagulant * patient not allowed to be treated by aspirin * systolic blood pressure\> 200 mmhg * diastolic blood pressure\>115 mmhg * liver failure

Keywords: vascular access hemodialysis aspirin resistance pfa-100
behaviours and emotions in preschoolers

Conditions: Mental Health Wellness; Emotional Problem; Behavioural Problem; Post Partum Depression

Summary: in this target kids! study, we want to find out whether a short questionnaire can be used to help find out about mental health problems in preschool age children.

research indicates that more than 1 in 10 preschoolers have significant social, emotional and behavioural problems also known as mental health problems. unfortunately, parents and doctors rarely identify mental health problems in young children in order to begin treatment. we are testing a short five-minute questionnaire completed by parents to see if this may help a doctor notice if a child has social, emotional and behavioural problems. in addition, we also hope to find out if the presence of feelings of stress and depression in on or both parents may be associated with mental health problems in their preschool child. this study is being conducted by researchers at sickkids and st. michael's hospital.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. child is between age 2 to 4 years. 2. parent is the primary caretaker for the child and is able to speak, read and understand english well enough to complete the forms and the papa interview. 3. either one or both parents (primary caretakers) are available to participate in the study. exclusion criteria: 1. children with associated health conditions affecting growth (e.g. failure to thrive, cystic fibrosis); 2. children with any acute or chronic conditions except for asthma and high functioning autism; 3. children with severe developmental delay; 4. children with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks; 5. families who are not fluent in english.

Keywords: mental health preschool sdq parental depression