Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
preschool supplement to clonidine in adhd (kiddie-cat)

Conditions: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two medications--clonidine and methylphenidate--alone or in combination to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children ages 4 through 6.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a disease characterized by one or more symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, or inattention that interfere with school, home, work, or social settings. adhd does not have clear physical signs that can be seen in an x-ray or a lab test. the disorder only can be identified by looking for certain behaviors, which vary from person to person. this trial will compare the benefits and side effects of two medications--clonidine and methylphenidate (mph)--used alone or in combination to treat adhd in children. mph is approved by the food and drug administration (fda) for the treatment of adhd symptoms in children, and clonidine is fda-approved for the treatment of hypertension in adults. stimulant medications such as mph are known to safely and effectively treat many adhd symptoms. such medicines, however, do not cure the condition or improve all adhd symptoms, and the long-term effectiveness of these medications is not well-known. in this study, participants will be randomly selected to receive one of four treatments: 1) clonidine; 2) mph; 3) clonidine and mph; or 4) a placebo (an inactive substance). participation in the study is about 16 weeks, and includes a baseline screening and 5 evaluation visits to assess attention, hyperactivity, overall improvement and general functioning, medication side effects, blood pressure, pulse, and weight.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * child with adhd * child ages 4 through 6 * child attending a structured preschool or daycare exclusion criteria: * presence of a tic disorder of any kind or a known active heart disease for which it would be unsafe to use the study drugs * presence of pervasive developmental disorder, autism, mental retardation, or serious psychiatric illness * child not attending a structured preschool or daycare

Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd clonidine methylphenidate mph
efficacy of lactoferrin as an adjunct therapy in patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Conditions: Hepatic Encephalopathy

Summary: the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of lactoferrin as an adjunct therapy in improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indices in individuals with hepatic encephalopathy.

nonabsorbable disaccharides, such as lactulose or lactitol, decrease the absorption of ammonia and are considered a first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy. antimicrobial therapy also is a part of treatment regimen to alter the gut microbiota to create a more favorable microbiome that results in lower endogenous bacterial production of ammonia and rifaximin is now the preferred antimicrobial agent for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. many researchers have focused on identifying promising therapeutics and prebiotics in the hope of improving the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, therefore there is a need to add an adjuvant therapy to decrease oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years and older. * grade i and ii hepatic encephalopathy. exclusion criteria: * pregnant and breastfeeding women. * grade iii and iv hepatic encephalopathy. * individuals confirmed to be allergic to milk protein
active versus non active drainage for the treatment of infected intra-abdominal collection

Conditions: Surgery; Pancreatitis; Diverticulitis; Appendicitis

Summary: the percutaneous drainage of symptomatic intra-abdominal collection (primary or secondary to surgery)is the treatment of choice in the absence of peritonitis signs. in critically ill patients, this procedure allows to avoid or postpone surgery. in these settings, the percutaneous drain can be either in active vacuum pressure or in free drainage. however, no prospective trials has assessed the efficiency of these two modalities of drainage in cases of infected intra-abdominal collections. the investigators aimed then to prospectively analyzed the efficiency (in term of infectious control) of drainage under active vacuum pressure vs. free drainage for the treatment of infected intra-abdominal collections.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * infected intra-abdominal collection requiring a percutaneous drainage after surgery or due to a primary intra-abdominal infectious disease (e.g. diverticulitis, appendicitis) * age over 18 years old * intra-abdominal collections \>5 cm in diameter with signs of infections on imaging exclusion criteria: * pregnancy * age\< 18 years * signs of peritonitis * intensive care unit patients

Keywords: infected intra-abdominal collection drainage percutaneous
weight loss and gastrostomy tube care outcomes in head and neck cancer patients with gastrostomy tube placement

Conditions: Malnutrition; Gastrostomy

Summary: poor nutritional status and malnutrition are prevalent for patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer. inadequate dietary intake is multi factorial, with patients experiencing dysphagia and or anorexia caused by various cancer treatments. current standard practice utilizes gastrostomy tube placement to manage adverse nutritional effects related to head and neck cancer treatment.

the purpose of this study is to assess the quality of life and educational intervention outcomes of head and neck cancer patients who have a gastrostomy tube placed per standard of care. a high incident of gastrostomy tube replacement occurs related to clogged, dislodged, and/or pulled out tubes. in addition, patients not eating or drinking after gastrostomy tube placement, compounded by complications related to radiation treatment, results in decreased swallowing function. inadequate swallow function, especially when combined with inadequate use of gastrostomy tube, due to non-functional tube or insufficient patient knowledge in use of tube, results in poor nutritional status and excessive weight loss.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18 years and older * head and neck cancer diagnosis * esophageal cancer diagnosis * receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy * gastrostomy tube placed within the last 30days or scheduled to have a gastrostomy tube placed within the next 30 days exclusion criteria: * not eligible for chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy * unwilling or unable to sign informed consent * any cognitive or mental deficits that would prevent patient from completing questionnaires or understanding educational interventions * current pre-existing gastrostomy tube complications if a current gastrostomy tube is in place prior to informed consent (i.e., skin breakdown, tube breakdown, other tube complications). * no gastrostomy tube placement * non-english speaking

Keywords: nursing education weight loss gastrostomy tube care
intraligamentary injections and post-endodontic pain

Conditions: Pulpitis

Summary: this study will aim to evaluate postoperative pain after intraligamentary injections of dexamethasone (4mg/ml), diclofenac sodium (25mg/ml), 0.5% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine given to the patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis after completion of the first appointment. objectives: 1. to evaluate postoperative pain in patients receiving intraligamentary injections of either dexamethasone (4mg/ml), diclofenac sodium (25mg/ml), 0.5% bupivacaine or 2% lidocaine. 2. to compare the postoperative pain in different groups.

the patients will receive a primary inferior alveolar nerve block injection using 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1: 80 000 epinephrine using a direct halsted approach. the needle will be inserted until bony resistance is felt. after reaching the target area, aspiration will be performed, and the solution will be deposited over 60 seconds. after 10 minutes, the patients will be asked about the lip numbness. patients without profound lip numbness will be excluded from the study since the block will be considered as 'missed'. a conventional access opening will be initiated after isolation with a rubber dam. after endodontic instrumentation and placement of temporary restoration, the patients shall receive intraligamentary injections of dexamethasone (4mg/ml), diclofenac sodium (25mg/ml), 0.5% bupivacaine, and 2% lidocaine. the patients will be randomly allocated to treatment groups with the help of an online random generator. the presence of postoperative pain (using heft parker visual analog pain scale) will be assessed at 2 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after treatment. the pain score proforma shall be collected at the subsequent visit.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * symptomatic carious exposed mandibular first or second molars. * positive and prolonged response to thermal sensitivity tests and electric pulp tests. * vital coronal pulp on access cavity preparation. * american society of anesthesiologists class i or ii medical history. * ability to understand the use of pain scales. exclusion criteria: * active pain in more than 1 tooth * teeth with fused roots. * radiographic evidence of an extra root. * large restorations with overhanging margins. * full crowns or deep periodontal pockets. * known allergy or contraindications to any content of the local anesthetic solution or nsaids * history of known or suspected drug abuse. * taking any drugs which could affect the pain perception, e.g, opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, anxiolytics, sedatives, nsaids. * pregnant or breastfeeding patients. * patients with asthma, gastric ulcers, and bleeding disorders.
evaluation of arch dimensions of children with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate

Conditions: Surgically Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Summary: the aim of the study is to assess arch dimensions among children with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate.

measurements of arch widths will be performed in the maxillary and mandibular arches after performing a study cast. alginate impression of the upper and lower arch of all participating children will be performed and poured immediately to prevent dimensional changes. the inter-deciduous canine, inter-permanent molar, and the distances between the first and second deciduous molars will be measured using a digital caliper directly on dental casts by a single examiner. distance measurements will be obtained between cusp tips of canines, cusp tips of first deciduous molars, mesiobuccal cusp tips of second deciduous molars, and mesiobuccal cusp tips of first permanent molars. estimated cusp tips will be used in cases of wear facets. rationale: children with cleft lip and/or palate suffer from problems in growth of the jaws, particularly the maxilla (upper jaw), as a result of surgical repairs of the cleft lip and palate. it is important to know the arch dimensions of them to enable the identification of specific surgical alterations related to maxillofacial growth concerning the common treatment protocol for patients with cleft lip and palate. benefits to the practitioner: -increase the awareness of pediatric dentists about changes of arch dimensions of surgically repaired cleft lip and palate patients in egypt. benefits to the patient: * inform parents about any disturbances that might be associated with cleft lip and palate. * guide them to the orthodontic care if needed. benefits to the community: * provide the egyptian community with data concerning patients with cleft lip and palate. * increase awareness of problems related to cleft lip and palate.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * children with cleft lip and palate from the age group: 8-10 years. * unilateral cleft lip and palate children. * children who had been operated with lip and palate closure exclusion criteria: * cleft lip and palate patients with systemic diseases, autoimmune conditions, syndromes. * children with any arch expansion or orthodontic procedure or previous history of orthodontic treatment. * the presence of early loss of deciduous molars. * parents refusing participation in the study

Keywords: cleft lip and palate unilateral cleft lip and palate surgically repaired cleft lip and palate arch dimensions arch discrepancies dental arch dimensions arch parameter arch circumference intercanine width first deciduous molar width second deciduous molar width permanent first molar width
solifenacin, levofloxacin or lornoxicam, which is ideal for management of intravesical instillation bcg side effects?

Conditions: Non-Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC); Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Cystitis; Intra-vesical Instillation

Summary: compare the different supposed clinical treatment of side effects associated with intravesical bcg by levofloxacin (quinolones) vs solifenacin (selective anti-muscarinic) vs lornoxicam (nsaid)

for urothelial carcinoma (uc), which accounts for over 90% of bladder cancers, more than 70% of bladder cancer patients present with non-muscle-invasive disease. approximately 40-80% of these tumors will recur within the first year, of which 10-25% will progress to muscle-invasive disease. intravesical treatments with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy have become the mainstay following transurethral resection (tur). increasing knowledge of bcg use allows for effective management of these once debilitating side effects. the majority of patients will still experience cystitis-like symptoms to some degree, including urinary frequency (71%), cystitis (67%), fever (25%), and hematuria (23%). oxybutynin increases in fever, flu-like symptoms, dry mouth and constipation. however, in this study oxybutynin started the night before treatment causing an element of incomplete bladder emptying and allowing an increased bcg dwell time. we think that these effect can be reversed by use anticholinergic 6 hours post bcg instillation anti-inflammatory drugs significantly reduced bcg-induced granulocyte activation and did not impair bcg-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity against bladder tumor cells in mice. the committee of international bladder cancer group (ibcg) recommend use of anti-inflammatory agents (nsaids) for treatment of non-bacterial or chemical cystitis and other systemic bcg side effect. fluoroquinolone with tuberculostatic properties, has been shown to significantly prolong survival in mice with bcg systemic infection and did not affect the antitumor efficacy of bcg. ofloxacin significantly decreased by 18.5% the incidence of class ii or higher moderate and severe adverse events of bcg. because of sparse published studies on bcg side effect management, the 2016 european association of urology (eau) guidelines management options for side effects associated with intravesical bcg modify the ibcg committee clinical practice without any degree of recommendation. so, in this study the investigators will try to fill the gap in the literature.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: • patients classified as intermediate or high risk of the bladder tumour exclusion criteria: * patient over 80 years (natural decline in immune system function) * refuse to complete study requirements * contraindication to bcg therapy * high post-void residual (pvr) above 85 ml * american urological association (aua) symptoms score above 20 * sensitivity to previously mentioned 3 drugs * high serum creatinine

Keywords: bcg cystitis bladder cancer levofloxacin solifenacin lornoxicam
lidocaine and ketamine levels in plasma after simultaneous lidocaine/ketamine infusions

Conditions: Chronic Pain

Summary: the aim of this monocentric observational pilot study is to measure the lidocaine plasma level in a limited number of patients to generate explorative data on inter- and intrapersonal stability and safety of drug plasma levels and to investigate whether higher plasma levels of ketamine can be correlated with a better analgesic effect.

there are different treatment strategies for chronic pain. one possible treatment strategy, especially for therapy-resistant pain, is intravenous infusions with certain pharmacological agents, such as lidocaine and ketamine. this study is to measure the concentration of lidocaine in the plasma of patients at the university hospital of basel (usb) after an intravenous infusion with 4mg/kg lidocaine over 30 minutes in order to generate explorative data on inter- and intrapersonal stability and safety of drug plasma levels. the prospective side effects of lidocaine and ketamine is assessed and the plasma levels are correlated with the analgesic efficacy and change in possible depressive symptoms.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patient is a new recipient of lidocaine-ketamine infusions * patient is able to provide informed consent exclusion criteria: * contraindication to blood sampling (on arm not used for infusion) * insufficient knowledge of german language * inability to give consent * patient is under 18 years of age * contraindication to treatment with lidocaine and/or ketamine

Keywords: lidocaine ketamine lidocaine/ketamine infusions short form - mcgill pain questionnaire (sf - mpq) beck depression questionnaire (bdi-ii)
olfactory training in covid-19 associated loss of smell

Conditions: COVID-19; Hyposmia

Summary: olfactory dysfunction (od) like hyposmia or anosmia has been realized as a common symptom or even cardinal sign of the disease and can be persisting after recovering. there are two different hypotheses on the pathogenesis of od in past covid-19: the central hypothesis, which speculates on neurotrophic abilities on olfactory receptors in the neuroepithelium, and the peripheral hypothesis, which speculates on damage of the sensory olfactory epithelium. potential treatment strategies aim for the unique neural plasticity of the olfactory system and its potential for recovery. clinical studies and case reports have shown a promising effect of olfactory training (ot) by frequent sniffing and/or exposure to odors 2-4 times a day for several weeks. the main objective of the study is to assess the effects of olfactory training in patients with covid-19 related od on: 1. objective olfactory testing with the sniffin' sticks test (identification and discrimination), 2. subjective od and its impact on the daily life, 3. other clinical scales and questionnaires referring to od-related mood and quality of life, 4. gender differences in covid-19 related od. approach / methods ot will be performed twice a day with a 4-odor training set for 12 weeks. effects of ot on covid-19 related od will be measured with objective and subjective efficacy variables. the sense of smell is an important function for social relationships and is therefore a challenging clinical problem with few proven therapeutic options. with this new approach, we want to investigate a possible simple treatment for an impedimental symptom of covid-19, but also learn more about the pathomechanism of post-infectious od. to our knowledge, this will be the first study comparing patients with covid-19 associated od with and without ot in clinical outcomes.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * the subject is aged over 18 years; * confirmed diagnosis of covid-19 at least three months ago (history of positive pcr-testing required) or positive serum nucleocapsid antibody titer against sars-cov2; * post-infectious covid-19 related olfactory dysfunction persisting for at least three months with abnormal sniffin' sticks test (\<13/16 items correct in the identification part); * the patient is willing to undergo odor training over 12 weeks; * written icf is obtained. exclusion criteria: * history of olfactory dysfunction prior to covid-19 infection due to other conditions e.g. status post traumatic brain injury, parkinson's disease, allergic rhinitis, etc.; * nasal pathology not related to covid-19 in the systematic otorhinolaryngological examination including endoscopy. * the participant is pregnant
fecobionics in biofeedback therapy in dyssynergia patients

Conditions: Dyssynergia; Constipation

Summary: constipation affects 12-19% of americans. pelvic floor dyssynergia is considered to play an important role in constipation but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood in individual patients. the investigators have developed a novel device named fecobionics that provide detailed mapping of physiological parameters during defecation. the aim of the study is to use fecobionics to assess anorectal function in dyssynergia patients and monitor and predict the outcome of the biofeedback therapy.

this study aims to monitor and predict biofeedback therapy based on mechanism-based and highly integrated data using a new medical device. this study is specifically for patients with dyssynergia before, during, and after biofeedback therapy. the balloon-like fecobionics device (10 cm long and 1 cm in diameter) will be inserted into the participant's rectum and will record data before and during the expulsion of the device. the participant will be asked to do different motions like cough, squeeze, or push during the procedure. the novel data obtained in this study may help the investigators to identify the patients who will benefit or not benefit from biofeedback therapy before the therapy is done. this will determine the effectiveness of treatments for anorectal disorders.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. subject must provide written informed consent. 2. age between 21-75 years. 3. subjects must fulfill the criteria for obstructed defecation/dyssynergia and enter the bft at ucsd or scripps. exclusion criteria: 1. female who is pregnant or lactating. 2. prior abdominal or anorectal surgery or bowel resection. 3. diagnosis of fecal incontinence, any anorectal symptoms and drug use that affect anorectal function. 4. confirmed or suspected covid-19 infection. 5. severe cardiovascular disease. 6. subjects not willing to consent and undergo the specified tests in this study. 7. other exclusions, that in the opinion of the investigator, the volunteer is not a suitable subject for the study.

Keywords: fecobionics biofeedback therapy defecation