short foot exercises and anti-pronation taping on low back pain associated with hyper pronation

Conditions: Low Back Pain

Summary: the aim of this randomized clinical trial is to find the comparison of short foot exercises and anti-pronation taping on low back pain associated with hyper pronation on reducing back pain improving range of motion of foot, back and foot posture.

low back pain is a musculoskeletal symptom which occur in all ages during life time with acute episode or chronic condition. total of 619 million people are living with low back pain worldwide. low back pain is the musculoskeletal condition that involves pain in region below costal margin and above inferior gluteal fold, along with pain there is also stiffness, limitation of range of motion, aggravated by movement and affected ability to perform daily life activities. frequency and severity of low back pain are related to spinal loading that increase the strain on lumbar spine, these loads shift from foot (during heel strike) to leg and ultimately to the back. abnormal mechanical loading of lumbar spine due to poor postural control or muscular weakness is considered as risk factor for low back pain. the ability of ankle complex to provide stabilization and mobilization depends upon plantar pressure distribution. in particular, pronated foot causes internal rotation of tibia along with internal rotation of hip that cause femoral ante-version and increase in lumbar lordosis and deteriorate lumbopelvic alignment resulting in low back pain short foot exercise (sfe) is considered more effective in terms of postural balance and excessive pronation. sfe is a widely used intervention that has been developed recently to improve ankle proprioception and global movement pattern, so as to elevate and support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and to improve dynamic standing balance anti-pronation taping is a technique that stimulate underlying sensory receptor either through the surface contact or stretch of skin that causes the sensory input to central nervous system to be altered hence it ultimately influences the execution and perception of movement. low dye taping is effective in correcting over-pronated foot and also increase navicular height along with increase in reactive strength index. low dye taping not only improve arch height but also improves muscular activity the rationale for the use of these techniques is to compare the effect of short foot exercises and anti-pronation taping on low back pain associated with hyper-pronated foot and also on range of motion of foot and back along with the foot posture.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria * both gender * age 25 to 45 years * foot hyper pronation (fpi ≥ +6) * low back pain \> 3months (pain, muscle stiffness, and muscle tension between lower costal margin and inferior gluteal fold) * low back pain with nprs ≥ 3 exclusion criteria: * acute trauma or fracture of foot/ back (last 3 months) * leg length discrepancy \>5mm * diagnosed with spondylolisthesis, spondylitis * diagnosed with lumbar radiculopathy, stenosis, fibromyalgia, plantar fasciitis * recent history of fall \< 3months * congenital hyper-pronation of foot * pregnancy

Keywords: short foot exercises foot hyper-pronation low back pain anti-pronation taping