Kornimate/medical-research-clean huggingface dataset:
effect of hyperoxia and hypergravity on lung ventilation and perfusion

Conditions: Atelectasis

Summary: the primary aim of this project is to get further knowledge on the effects of + gz accelerations and hyperoxia on lung ventilation in humans. the secondary aim is to study lung perfusion and cardiovascular function in these conditions.

experiments were conducted in a human centrifuge. the protocol aimed at mimicking a routine peacetime flight in combat aircraft, and included 10-min exposure to +1.4 - +3.5 gz. subjects were exposed three times to this sequence, breathing air, 44.5% o2 or 100% o2. ten volunteers wearing anti-g trousers participated in the study. the ethics committee ile-de-france iii and the french national agency for drug safety (ansm) approved the protocol (number 2009-a01092-55). three different imaging techniques, electrical impedance tomography (eit), pulmonary ultrasound and chest spect/ct were used and compared. eit enabled ventilation monitoring in the human centrifuge, whereas pulmonary ultrasound and spect/ct gave functional and topographical information before and after exposure to +gz accelerations. eit analysis focused on regional ventilation, spect on global lung ventilation and perfusion, ct on the presence of atelectasis, and pulmonary ultrasound analysis looked for comet tails in 64 chest areas. arterial blood pressure was recorded continuously by finger photoplethysmography. cardiac output and stroke volume were computed from these recordings, using three different algorithms. echocardiography was used as reference non-invasive technique for stroke volume determination and performed before and after exposure to +gz accelerations.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * normal lung function checked by pulmonary function tests part 1 exclusion criteria: * past medical history of heart or lung disease * current medical treatment for heart or lung disease * smoking * bad tolerance to +gz accelerations (g-induced loss of consciousness, motion sickness) part 2 exclusion criteria: * past medical history of heart or lung disease * current medical treatment for heart or lung disease * smoking * the use of medication for hypertension * asymmetric values of left/right humeral arterial blood pressure * significant echocardiographic abnormalities or bad echogenicity * bad tolerance to +gz accelerations (g-induced loss of consciousness, motion sickness)

Keywords: human centrifuge, oxygen, imaging, stroke volume, lung
a combined exercise programme involving strengthening, flexibility and aerobic exercise for lower back pain: a randomised-controlled study

Conditions: Low Back Pain, Chronic

Summary: this study will recruit from the community otherwise healthy participants with low back pain to take part in an 8 week intervention. there are 3 arms - a control arm of usual exercise; a running intervention group; and a swim/cycle intervention group. the intervention groups undertake 8 weeks of a combined exercise programme including aerobic elements (running or swim/cycle), a schedule of gradually intensifying strengthening exercises and flexibility exercises. there are baseline, 8 week and 1 year questionnaires including validated proms to determine pain and function.

this study will recruit from the community otherwise healthy participants with low back pain to take part in an 8 week intervention. there are 3 arms - a control arm of usual exercise; a running intervention group; and a swim/cycle intervention group. the intervention groups undertake 8 weeks of a combined exercise programme including aerobic elements (running or swim/cycle), a schedule of gradually intensifying strengthening exercises and flexibility exercises. there are baseline, 8 week and 1 year questionnaires including validated proms to determine pain and function.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * aged 18-45 years * participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study * suffering from chronic nslbp (more than 3 months, localised below the costal margin and above the gluteal folds) * suffers from pain or functional limitations as a result of their lbp (minimum vas (back) score of 3/10 or odi score of at least 5/50 or rmd score of at least 5/24 (note, unlike odi, rmd does not describe specific cuts offs for different levels of disability) * able to exercise exclusion criteria: * radiating pain to leg / sciatica / acute radiculopathy * specific diagnosis/condition for lbp (e.g. herniated disk, degenerative disk disease, spondylolysis, spinal stenosis, spinal tumour, facet joint damage) * history of osteoporosis , arthritis, scoliosis, or kyphosis. * current spinal infection, cancer or a current fracture (any bone). * history of spinal/back surgery * unable to participate in physical activity and exercise * pregnant or breast feeding * history of substance abuse * history of psychiatric illness (eg. depression, dementia, schizophrenia) for which currently taking medication * history or current neurological condition (e.g. epilepsy) * not in possession or have access to adapted equipment (phone, computer, functioning wifi) * unable to understand and communicate in english * having taken part in a research study in the last 3 months involving invasive procedures or an inconvenience allowance

Keywords: chronic non specific low back pain exercise intervention
prospective biomarkers of bone metabolism in hemophilia a

Conditions: Hemophilia; Bone Disease

Summary: one of the major shortcomings in studying bone disease in hemophilia is the lack of fracture outcome data demonstrating the clinical significance of decreased bmd and altered bone biomarkers in the hemophilia population. this study demonstrates that pwh have an increased risk of fracture compared to the general population and that the issue of bone health will increase in importance as the pwh population ages.

this is a pilot study to determine the impact of factor replacement on bone biomarkers in up to 20 hemophilia a subjects. subjects will be recruited over 1 year for the 5-day protocol. following a 72-hour washout period, factor levels and bone biomarkers will be followed before and after 50 units/kg replacement on day 1 and 20 units/kg replacement on day 3. each subject can serve as their figure 4. fracture rates in pwh compared to historic controls.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: 1. males with a diagnosis of hemophilia a with a historic baseline fviii level ≤ 2%. 2. age \> 16 years old 3. currently using advate as fviii replacement therapy exclusion criteria: 1. subject or guardian is unwilling or unable to give written informed consent and/or assent 2. joint or muscle bleeding within 2 weeks of study day 1 3. presence of a current factor inhibitor (\>0.6 bu/ml via nijmegan-modified bethesda assay) 4. known collagen vascular bone disease.

Keywords: hemophilia bone disease clinical study biomarkers
study of high-flow oxygen therapy against standard therapy in bronchiolitis

Conditions: Bronchiolitis

Summary: bronchiolitis is a common illness of the respiratory tract caused by infection of the tiny airways within the lungs called bronchioles. at present the standard care of hospitalized children with bronchiolitis is oxygen via nasal prongs. in this study the investigators would like to compare standard ward management with a new method of delivering oxygen called high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (hfnot). hfnot involves breathing warmed, moistened oxygen through nasal cannulae at a flow rate of 8 liters/minute. accumulated experience suggests that hfnot eases the child's work of breathing and reduces need for icu admission and invasive respiratory support.

we propose a prospective open randomised controlled trial to compare high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (hfnot) with standard oxygen therapy for infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis. this study will be the first of its kind, as currently there is no evidence in the published literature. all children will be cared for by the same medical team on two wards. all aspects of care other than oxygen delivery will not be specified, and be at the discretion of the physicians. hfnot will not be used as an escalation of care on the wards. randomisation will be performed by redcap, in blocks of 6 patients. patients will be identified in emergency, informed consent obtained, and treatment started prior to transfer to the ward. for patients randomised to hfnot, the flow rate will be fixed at 8 liters/minute, and the inspired oxygen concentration titrated to maintain saturations above 92%. interim statistical analysis will be conducted to determine any positive or negative effect of hfnot therapy. the first interval analysis will be performed after 50 subjects, the second after 100 subjects. if an effect is found, the study will be terminated following discussion with the hospital statistician and ethics board. whichever treatment arm is found to be beneficial will be instituted as standard care for children with bronchiolitis.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * all children under 18 months of age with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis requiring admission to hospital for observation and oxygen. exclusion criteria: * infants admitted directly to icu from emergency. * prior positive pressure home ventilation. * tracheostomy. * nasogastric tubes in situ on admission. * upper airway abnormality. * congenital heart disease.

Keywords: bronchiolitis high flow oxygen therapy nasal cannulae prongs
immature plateletes in the etiopathology of deep venous thrombosis

Conditions: Immature Platelets; Deep Venous Thrombosis

Summary: the study is designed to evaluate the role of platelets and immature platelets in the ethiopathology of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients with a newly diagnosed deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. the thrombembolism is idiopathic or caused by immobilisation. * control: patients that present with a suspicion of deep venous thrombosis which is excluded by duplex sonography. exclusion criteria: * therapy with glycoprotein iib/iiia-antagonists within the last 10 days * therapy with antiplatelet drugs (asa, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, dipyridamol) * preexisting anticoagulation * number of platelets \< 100.000/µl * anemia (hematocrit \< 35%, hb \< 10 g/dl) * age \> 80 y or \< 18 y * renal insufficiency gfr \< 30 ml/min * hepatic impairment with an increased risk for bleeding or coagulopathy, or liver cirrhosis (≥ child pugh b) * intracranial or intracerebral bleeding within the last six months * intraspinal or intracerebral vascular anomalies * clinically relevant acute bleedings * malign disease * infections within the last 7 d * hematological, rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases * operations within the last six months * transfusion of rec celll concentrates within the last six months * transfusion of fresh frozen plasma or platelet concentrates within the last month * preexisting medication with cyp 3a4 inhibitors and inductors, p-glycoprotein inhibitors (azol-antimycotis, hiv protease-inhibitors) * hypersensitivity/contraindications for rivaroxaban * pregnancy or lactation * thrombophilia * thrombocytopathy
sleep apnea video education for cpap (save-cpap)

Conditions: Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Summary: the purpose of this study is to determine how satisfied patients are when undergoing an overnight polysomnogram (sleep study), what their knowledge about sleep apnea is, and what factors affect obstructive sleep apnea (osa) treatment use.

the effects of educational interventions on subject compliance, satisfaction, and knowledge of their condition will be examined through the use of video vs pamphlet and md vs staff contact for follow-up visit reminder.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * patients aged \> 18 years of age who are referred to the university of chicago sleep laboratory for split-night polysomnography by a non-sleep physician and who have a consultation appointment with a sleep physician following the appointment * have not had prior contact with a sleep physician or prior exposure to cpap therapy. exclusion criteria: subjects will be excluded for any of the following characteristics: -non-english speaking * illiterate * sleep study is negative for sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index \< 5 events/hr) * subject does not undergo cpap titration during the in-laboratory polysomnogram * subject does not have a working telephone number * poor eyesight or hearing * dementia

Keywords: osa, apnea
efficacy of clarithromycin-naproxen-oseltamivir combination therapy vs. oseltamivir alone for hospitalised paediatric influenza patients

Conditions: Efficacy of Clarithromycin-Naproxen-Oseltamivir Combination Therapy vs. Oseltamivir Alone for Hospitalised Paediatric Influenza Patients

Summary: efficacy of clarithromycin-naproxen-oseltamivir combination therapy vs. oseltamivir alone for hospitalised paediatric influenza patients

this study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of clarithromycin-naproxen-oseltamivir combination therapy to that of oseltamivir treatment alone for hospitalised paediatric influenza patients. this prospective, single-blinded study included patients hospitalised for influenza infection aged 1 year to 18 years, at mackay children's hospital, taiwan, between december 2017 and december 2019. the primary outcomes were respiratory symptom severity and the signs that presented within hospitalisation. the durations of fever and hospital stay were also documented. the secondary outcome measures were serial changes in the virus titres, as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. totally 54 patients were enrolled (28 in the control group and 26 in the combination group). there were no differences in the patients' baseline characteristics between the groups. the time to defervescence was significantly shorter in the combination group than the oseltamivir group (13.2 hours vs 32.1 hours, p=0.002). the decrease in the virus titre was more pronounced from days 1 to 3 (log δ13) in the combination group than the oseltamivir group.(log δ13: 39% vs 19%, p=0.001). in paediatric settings, combination therapy may be used selectively among patients with a history of febrile convulsion or families anxious about the discomforts associated with the fever itself.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: - age 1 year to 18 years; body temperature higher than 38 °c; presence of one of the following symptoms-cough, sputum production, sore throat, rhinorrhoea, myalgia, headache, or fatigue presenting within 72 hours from symptom onset; laboratory-confirmed influenza infection (including rapid test or pcr-confirmed influenza a or b); and clinical requirement for hospitalisation. antiviral treatment was initiated within 48 hours after admission. exclusion criteria: - a history of allergy or contraindication to the study medications; the administration of medications with macrolides (ex: azithromycin, erythromycin), naproxen or neuraminidase inhibitor use within 72 hours; current use of any antibiotic; and the presence of an immunocompromised state due to steroid use, human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic kidney disease, renal failure, chemotherapy or radiotherapy in half year, or innate immunodeficiency.
heating pad for in office cystoscopy and urodynamic testing

Conditions: Anxiety; Pain; Distress, Emotional

Summary: patient frequently report experiencing discomfort associated with cystoscopy or urodynamic studies (uds), and a small percentage of patients refuse these important procedures due to discomfort or fear of discomfort. heating pads are an inexpensive and low-risk way to reduce patient discomfort during these procedures, which to our knowledge has not been investigated in the united states.

invasive office procedures such as cystoscopy and urodynamic studies (uds) are commonly performed for many urologic and urogynecologic conditions including, but not limited to, incontinence, voiding dysfunction, urinary retention, hematuria, and other lower urinary tract symptoms. cystoscopy involves the insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra and into the bladder. urodynamic studies involve the placement of urethral and rectal catheters. both cystoscopy and uds involve filling the bladder with fluid, and these procedures are essential to the diagnosis and management of many of the conditions listed above. while both procedures are office procedures that are generally well tolerated, some patients can experience significant discomfort, pain, or anxiety. some nonpharmacologic therapies have been investigated to relieve anxiety, pain, and distress, such as music and aromatherapy. heating treatments are also known to reduce muscle pain by increasing local blood flow and decreasing distress. the use of a heating pad has become an established complementary modality in some invasive procedures. a previous study from south korea has shown benefit of heating pad use for anxiety, pain, and distress during cystoscopy and uds; however to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the effect of heating pad use on patients in the united states, who may have inherent demographical differences compared to patients from south korea.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * 18 years or older * able to give informed consent * able to read and write english or spanish exclusion criteria: * refusal to participate * contraindications to cystoscopy or urodynamic testing * patients who receive other procedures or treatment at the time of cystoscopy, such as bladder biopsy or botox injection * patients with spinal cord injury or lack of sensation

Keywords: cystoscopy urodynamic study
effect of dexamethasone on sleep related breathing disturbances in patients with copd at altitude

Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Summary: randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing sleep related breathing disturbances in lowlanders with chronic obstructive lung disease travelling from 700 m to 3200 m.

this is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial evaluating the efficacy of dexamethasone prophylaxis in sleep related breathing disturbances in lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease travelling to altitude. participants living in the bishkek area, kyrgyzstan (700m), will be transferred by car within 4h to the tuja ashu high altitude clinic (3200 m), and stay there for 2 days. dexamethasone 2x4mg/day (or placebo), will be administered before departure at 700 m and during the stay at altitude. outcomes will be assessed during the stay at 3200 m

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), gold grade 1-2 * living at low altitude (\<800m) exclusion criteria: * copd exacerbation * severe copd, gold grade 3 or 4 * arterial oxygen saturation \<92% at low altitude (\<800 m) * diabetes, uncontrolled cardiovascular disease such as systemic arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease; previous stroke; pneumothorax in the last 2 months, untreated or symptomatic peptic ulcer disease, glaucoma, obstructive sleep apnea. * internal, neurologic or psychiatric disease that interfere with protocol compliance including current heavy smoking (\>20 cigarettes per day). * pregnant or nursing patients

Keywords: airway disease bronchitis emphysema lung treatment sleep
an observational post-authorization safety specialist cohort event monitoring study (scem) to monitor the safety and utilization of rivaroxaban (xarelto®).

Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation; Deep Vein Thrombosis; Pulmonary Embolism

Summary: this study aims to evaluate the use of rivaroxaban and its short term safety when used by patients for the new indications of prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, treatment of deep vein thrombosis (dvt) and pulmonary embolism (pe) and prevention of recurrent dvt and pe. any adult patient started by their care team on rivaroxaban or an alternative anticoagulant for the specified indications during the study period will be eligible to take part. a questionnaire will be completed by the care team of each patient at the start of treatment and again 12 weeks later. the care team will complete the questionnaires using information from the patient's medical notes, not by asking the patient directly. if a participant has an adverse event during the 12 week period, we may ask the patient's care team to fill out a further follow up questionnaire. no other examinations or tests will be performed. patients will only be recruited to the study after the clinical decision to prescribe rivaroxaban or an alternative anticoagulant has been made, so that prescribing behaviour is not altered by the study. it is an observational, non-interventional study covering the whole of england and wales.


Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * age 18 years or above after study start * index date on or after study start * signed, informed consent * patients treated for dvt or pe * patients with non-valvular af (with one or more risk factors) treated for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism exclusion criteria: * any use of univalent direct thrombin inhibitor or direct factor xa inhibitors * use of anticoagulant therapy or other vitamin k antagonists recorded within one year prior to index date
supplementation of dual probiotic strains reduced fasting triglyceride and enhanced apolipoprotein a-v levels

Conditions: Hypertriglyceridemia

Summary: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of dual probiotic strains containing lactobacillus curvatus hy7601 and lactobacillus plantarum ky1032 on triglyceride and apolipoprotein a-v.

a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 128 nondiabetic and hypertriglyceridemic (plasma triglyceride, 150-500 mg/dl) subjects. over a 12 week test period, the probiotic group consumed 2g of powder daily containing dual probiotic strains, while the placebo group consumed the same without probiotics.

Eligibility criteria:
inclusion criteria: * nondiabetic (plasma fasting glucose, \<126mg/dl; 2-hour plasma glucose, \<200mg/dl) * borderline to moderate hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride, 150-500 mg/dl) exclusion criteria: * lipid-lowering medications use * any medications or supplement use * any probiotics products use for the past 1 months * dyslipidemia * diabetes mellitus * hypertension * liver disease * renal disease * cardiovascular disease * cerebrovascular disease * pancreatitis * cancer * medication or alcohol abuse * pregnant or breast feeding

Keywords: apolipoprotein a-v ldl particle size probiotic triglyceride