Issue: [Errno 13] Permission denied: on `.incomplete` file
State: closed

### Describe the bug

When downloading a dataset, we frequently hit the below Permission Denied error. This looks to happen (at least) across datasets in HF, S3, and GCS.

It looks like the `temp_file` being passed [here](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/src/datasets/utils/file_utils.py#L412) can sometimes be created with `000` permissions leading to the permission denied error (the user running the code is still the owner of the file). Deleting that particular file and re-running the code with 0 changes will usually succeed.

Is there some race condition happening with the [umask](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/src/datasets/utils/file_utils.py#L416), which is process global, and the [file creation](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/main/src/datasets/utils/file_utils.py#L404)?

```
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/load.py:2084: in load_dataset
    builder_instance.download_and_prepare(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py:925: in download_and_prepare
    self._download_and_prepare(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py:1649: in _download_and_prepare
    super()._download_and_prepare(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py:979: in _download_and_prepare
    split_generators = self._split_generators(dl_manager, **split_generators_kwargs)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/folder_based_builder/folder_based_builder.py:120: in _split_generators
    downloaded_files = dl_manager.download(files)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/download/download_manager.py:159: in download
    downloaded_path_or_paths = map_nested(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/py_utils.py:514: in map_nested
    _single_map_nested((function, obj, batched, batch_size, types, None, True, None))
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/py_utils.py:382: in _single_map_nested
    return [mapped_item for batch in iter_batched(data_struct, batch_size) for mapped_item in function(batch)]
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/download/download_manager.py:206: in _download_batched
    return thread_map(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm/contrib/concurrent.py:69: in thread_map
    return _executor_map(ThreadPoolExecutor, fn, *iterables, **tqdm_kwargs)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm/contrib/concurrent.py:51: in _executor_map
    return list(tqdm_class(ex.map(fn, *iterables, chunksize=chunksize), **kwargs))
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/tqdm/std.py:1181: in __iter__
    for obj in iterable:
../../../_tool/Python/3.12.10/x64/lib/python3.12/concurrent/futures/_base.py:619: in result_iterator
    yield _result_or_cancel(fs.pop())
../../../_tool/Python/3.12.10/x64/lib/python3.12/concurrent/futures/_base.py:317: in _result_or_cancel
    return fut.result(timeout)
../../../_tool/Python/3.12.10/x64/lib/python3.12/concurrent/futures/_base.py:449: in result
    return self.__get_result()
../../../_tool/Python/3.12.10/x64/lib/python3.12/concurrent/futures/_base.py:401: in __get_result
    raise self._exception
../../../_tool/Python/3.12.10/x64/lib/python3.12/concurrent/futures/thread.py:59: in run
    result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/download/download_manager.py:229: in _download_single
    out = cached_path(url_or_filename, download_config=download_config)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py:206: in cached_path
    output_path = get_from_cache(
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py:412: in get_from_cache
    fsspec_get(url, temp_file, storage_options=storage_options, desc=download_desc, disable_tqdm=disable_tqdm)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py:331: in fsspec_get
    fs.get_file(path, temp_file.name, callback=callback)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py:118: in wrapper
    return sync(self.loop, func, *args, **kwargs)
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py:103: in sync
    raise return_result
.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/asyn.py:56: in _runner
    result[0] = await coro
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <s3fs.core.S3FileSystem object at 0x7f27c18b2e70>
rpath = '<my-bucket>/<my-prefix>/img_1.jpg'
lpath = '/home/runner/_work/_temp/hf_cache/downloads/6c97983efa4e24e534557724655df8247a0bd04326cdfc4a95b638c11e78222d.incomplete'
callback = <datasets.utils.file_utils.TqdmCallback object at 0x7f27c00cdbe0>
version_id = None, kwargs = {}
_open_file = <function S3FileSystem._get_file.<locals>._open_file at 0x7f27628d1120>
body = <StreamingBody at 0x7f276344fa80 for ClientResponse at 0x7f27c015fce0>
content_length = 521923, failed_reads = 0, bytes_read = 0

    async def _get_file(
        self, rpath, lpath, callback=_DEFAULT_CALLBACK, version_id=None, **kwargs
    ):
        if os.path.isdir(lpath):
            return
        bucket, key, vers = self.split_path(rpath)
    
        async def _open_file(range: int):
            kw = self.req_kw.copy()
            if range:
                kw["Range"] = f"bytes={range}-"
            resp = await self._call_s3(
                "get_object",
                Bucket=bucket,
                Key=key,
                **version_id_kw(version_id or vers),
                **kw,
            )
            return resp["Body"], resp.get("ContentLength", None)
    
        body, content_length = await _open_file(range=0)
        callback.set_size(content_length)
    
        failed_reads = 0
        bytes_read = 0
    
        try:
>           with open(lpath, "wb") as f0:
E           PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/runner/_work/_temp/hf_cache/downloads/6c97983efa4e24e534557724655df8247a0bd04326cdfc4a95b638c11e78222d.incomplete'

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/s3fs/core.py:1355: PermissionError
```

### Steps to reproduce the bug

I believe this is a race condition and cannot reliably re-produce it, but it happens fairly frequently in our GitHub Actions tests and can also be re-produced (with lesser frequency) on cloud VMs.

### Expected behavior

The dataset loads properly with no permission denied error.

### Environment info

- `datasets` version: 3.5.0
- Platform: Linux-5.10.0-34-cloud-amd64-x86_64-with-glibc2.31
- Python version: 3.12.10
- `huggingface_hub` version: 0.30.2
- PyArrow version: 19.0.1
- Pandas version: 2.2.3
- `fsspec` version: 2024.12.0

It must be an issue with umask being used by multiple threads indeed. Maybe we can try to make a thread safe function to apply the umask (using filelock for example)

> It must be an issue with umask being used by multiple threads indeed. Maybe we can try to make a thread safe function to apply the umask (using filelock for example)

@lhoestq is this something which can go in a 3.5.1 release?

Yes for sure

@lhoestq - can you take a look at https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/pull/7547/?