DENIED: October 4, 2022
CBCA 7065
FINMARC MANAGEMENT, INC.,
Appellant,
v.
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,
Respondent.
Gordon Griffin and Hillary J. Freund of Holland & Knight LLP, Washington, DC,
counsel for Appellant.
Jay Bernstein and Michael P. Klein, Office of General Counsel, General Services
Administration, Washington, DC, counsel for Respondent.
Before Board Judges GOODMAN, DRUMMOND, and KULLBERG.
KULLBERG, Board Judge.
Appellant, Finmarc Management, Inc. (FMI), claims the costs, $1,198,862.12, of
removing tenant improvements in a property leased by the General Services Administration
(GSA).  FMI seeks the costs related to tenant improvements to the leased property which
included raised flooring and related wiring and equipment that a different lessor installed
during a previous lease.  Only entitlement is at issue.
The parties have elected, pursuant to Rule 19 (48 CFR 6101.19 (2021)), to submit
their respective cases on the record without a hearing.  On April 1, 2022, the parties
submitted a joint stipulation of undisputed material facts (Board Exhibit 1).  Subsequently,
the Board set a schedule for submission of briefs and reply briefs.  For the reasons stated
below, the Board denies the appeal.


CBCA 7065 2
Background
In May 1988, GSA entered into lease number GS-11B-80222 (preceding lease) with
Ceridian Corporation (Ceridian) for office and data center space in a building located in
Rockville, Maryland (Rockville property).  Board Exhibit 1 at 1.  Under the terms of the
preceding lease, the lessor made tenant improvements according to government plans.  Those
improvements “includ[ed] . . . all of the equipment at issue in this appeal.”  Id.  Those
improvements remained at the end of the preceding lease.  Id.  The equipment and
improvements included raised flooring for the data center and related wiring and equipment. 
The record does not include a copy of the preceding lease.
The preceding lease expired on July 15, 2005.  On July 18, 2005, GSA executed lease
number GS-11B-LMD01855 (current lease) with Marsol Fortune Terrace, LLC c/o Finmarc
Management, Inc. for the same space that GSA had leased under the preceding lease.  Board
Exhibit 1 at 2.  The current lease contained an Alterations clause, which stated the following:
The Government shall have the right during the existence of this lease to make
alterations, attach fixtures, and erect structures or signs in or upon the premises
hereby leased, which fixtures, additions or structures so placed in, on, upon,
or attached to the said premises shall be and remain the property of the
Government and may be removed or otherwise disposed of by the
Government.  If the lease contemplates that the Government is the sole
occupant of the building, for purposes of this clause, the leased premises
include the land on which the building is sited and the building itself. 
Otherwise, the Government shall have the right to tie into or make any
physical connection with any structure located on the property as is reasonably
necessary for appropriate utilization of the leased space.
Respondent’s Exhibit 5 at 61 (clause 19).  The record does not include any documentary
evidence as to when Marsol purchased the Rockville property or the terms of that purchase.
The current lease term ran from July 16, 2005, to July 15, 2015.  Id.  GSA accepted
the Rockville property under the current lease in an “as-is” condition, which included tenant
improvements from the preceding lease and only a small allowance for tenant improvements
under the current lease.  Board Exhibit 1 at 2.  Through a series of amendments to the lease,
the lease period was extended to September 30, 2019.  Id.  
On January 11, 2017, the agency occupying the leased space informed GSA that it
intended to vacate the premises and would remove equipment and furnishings but that it
would leave the raised flooring and the related wiring and equipment.  Board Exhibit 1
at 2.  Various exchanges of emails and correspondence ensued in which GSA and FMI

CBCA 7065 3
discussed whether the tenant was responsible for removing any of the previously installed
improvements.  Id. at 3-4.  Upon the departure of the tenant on October 10, 2019, tenant
improvements installed during the preceding lease that remained included the raised flooring
and related wiring and equipment.  Id. at 4.
On August 14, 2020, FMI submitted to the contracting officer (CO) its claim in the
amount of $1,416,915.70.  Respondent’s Exhibit 47 at 2.  The claim consisted of four items:
(1) unpaid utilities, $214,081.62; (2) prompt payment interest on the utilities, $3971.96;
(3) holdover rent, $909,394.56, due to the Government’s failure to remove the raised flooring
and related equipment; and (4) cost of removal of the raised flooring and related equipment,
$289,467.56.  Id.  The CO’s final decision (COFD) granted the first and second parts of
FMI’s claim and denied the third and fourth parts of its claim.  Respondent’s Exhibit 66.  The
COFD noted the following:
Because the raised floors, installed cabling, and built-in filing cabinet system
are fixtures, the Alterations Clause of the lease applies, and they can be
abandoned in place even if they were installed as Alterations after the
Government accepted the space.  As noted above, the Alterations Clause
explicitly provides the Government the option to either remove or dispose of
fixtures.  This is exactly the same as any other tenant improvement paid for by
the Government and installed by the lessor.
Id.  FMI filed a timely appeal for the denied portion of its claim in the amount of
$1,198,862.12.1
Discussion
The parties elected to have the Board decide this appeal under Rule 19.  It is well
established that when a party elects to proceed without a hearing, it “acts at its peril . . .
where it fails to provide the Board sufficient factual information.”  Sefco Constructors,
VABCA 2747, et al., 93-1 BCA ¶ 25,458, at 126,802 (1992).  At issue in this appeal is
whether the record shows that GSA was obligated to remove the raised floors and related
wiring and equipment that were installed under the preceding lease.  FMI argues that the
raised flooring and related wiring and equipment were government property that GSA was
obligated to remove.  GSA contends that those tenant improvements were installed under the
preceding lease, and the current lease imposed no such requirement.
1 FMI’s notice of appeal, which was dated March 10, 2021, claimed the amount
$1,127,448.14.  

CBCA 7065 4
FMI’s claim relates to tenant improvements that were made during the preceding
lease.  However, FMI was not a party to that lease.  FMI can only assert the rights of
Ceridian, the lessor under the preceding lease, if those rights were assigned.  In the absence
of a valid assignment, FMI has no standing to bring a claim related to the preceding lease. 
See Summit Commerce Pointe, LLC v. General Services Administration, CBCA 2652, et al.,
13 BCA ¶ 35,370, at 173,570.  The preceding lease is not in the record.  The Board has no
way of determining what, if any, obligations GSA had under that lease with regard to tenant
improvements.  In any case, FMI has not shown that it had any right to bring a claim
regarding the preceding lease between Ceridian and GSA.  
FMI errs in its assertion that GSA had an obligation under the current lease to remove
the raised floors and other equipment related to the operation of the data center.  Clause 19,
the Alterations clause of the lease, stated that fixtures “may be removed or otherwise
disposed of.”  Such language, which used the word “may,” was permissive as opposed to
mandatory, regarding the removal of fixtures.  That clause would only be relevant to tenant
improvements installed under the current lease.  As discussed above, the previous lessor
installed the raised flooring and related wiring and equipment, and the current lease is silent
as to any obligation to remove those improvements. 
The Board also does not find any implied duty under the current lease that would
obligate GSA to remove the raised flooring and related wiring and equipment.  The Board
has recognized the following:
“[E]very lease contains a provision, implied if not expressed, that a tenant will
not commit waste by damaging the property, and therefore, will, when it
vacates leased space, return the space to the landlord in the same condition in
which it received that space, reasonable wear and tear excepted.”  A&B
Limited Partnership v. General Services Administration, GSBCA 15208, 04-1
BCA ¶ 32,439, at 160,504-05 (2003) (citing United States v. Bostwick, 94 U.S.
53, 65-66 (1876)).  Thus, respondent had an obligation to repair the tenant
improvements to the extent that any damage exceeded reasonable wear and
tear, even though the payment for the tenant improvements was included in the
rent.
Commerce Plaza Office Partners, LLC v. Department of Veterans Affairs, CBCA 5220, et
al., 17-1 BCA ¶ 36,803, at 179,381.  FMI’s claim does not seek repairs for damage beyond
normal wear and tear but, rather, the removal of tenant improvements.  FMI includes with 
its brief photographs of the Rockville property after the end of the lease.  However, the Board
finds that even if those photographs, which are not in the appeal file, were deemed
admissible in the record, they do not show damage that exceeded normal wear and tear. 
Moreover, FMI is seeking the cost of removing tenant improvements, and nothing in the

CBCA 7065 5
record provides any evidence as to the extent of damage or the cost of repairing such
damage.  Finally, FMI contends that the Rockville property in its current state is not suitable
for leasing, but FMI offers no support for that assertion.
Citing the Latin phrase and rule of construction, “expressio unius est exclusio
alterius,” FMI argues that because the current lease only provided for the transfer of title of
supplemental air conditioning equipment to FMI, the Board should find that the raised floors
and related wiring and equipment were government property that GSA was obligated to
remove.  Appellant’s Brief at 28.  FMI improperly relies on “[a] canon of construction
holding that to express or include one thing implies the exclusion of the other, or of the
alternative.”  Black’s Law Dictionary 701 (10th ed. 2014).  Such a rule is to be applied with
“great caution” and not to reach a meaning that is “absurd or unreasonable” or “involve[s]
a contradiction or injustice.”  Sutherland Statutory Construction § 47:25 (7th ed. 2021). 
Furthermore, it is only to be applied “when the items expressed are members of an
‘associated group or series,’ justifying the inference that items not mentioned were excluded
by deliberate choice, not inadvertence.”  Barnhart v. Peabody Coal Co., 537 U.S. 149, 168
(2003).  FMI’s use of that rule of construction is unreasonable and contrary to its purpose
because it attempts to use a reference to a totally unrelated type of equipment, supplemental
air conditioning, to reach a selective result that requires GSA to remove the raised floors and
related wiring and equipment.  FMI offers no evidence to support the meaning it wishes to
give the current lease.
Decision
The appeal is DENIED.
    H. Chuck Kullberg         
H. CHUCK KULLBERG
Board Judge
We concur:
    Allan H. Goodman          Jerome M. Drummond    
ALLAN H. GOODMAN JEROME M. DRUMMOND
Board Judge Board Judge