ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS 
 
Appeal of - )  
 )  
Direct Steel, LLC ) ASBCA No. 63837 
 )  
Under Contract No. W9126G-21-C-0003 )  
   
APPEARANCES FOR THE APPELLANT: Mr. Matthew D. Nagel 
  Vice President 
 
Kendall Woods, Esq. 
Mark Noth, Esq. 
  Laurie & Brennan, LLP 
  Chicago, IL 
 
APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT: Michael P. Goodman, Esq. 
    Engineer Chief Trial Attorney 
 R. Stephen Cheak, Esq. 
    Trial Attorney 
    U.S. Army Engineer District, Fort Worth 
 
OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE MCLISH ON THE GOVERNMENT’S 
MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS 
 
This appeal involves a contract between Direct Steel LLC (Direct Steel) and the 
Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) for construction work at Fort Hood (now Fort Cavazos), 
Texas.  The contract required Direct Steel to connect the project’s infrastructure to the 
utilities at the site.  It also specifically required Direct Steel to engage the utility provider, 
Dominion Privatization Texas, LLC (Dominion), to perform that work.  Direct Steel seeks 
an equitable adjustment to the contract price to account for a substantial increase in 
Dominion’s pricing it learned of only after contract award.  The Corps denies that Direct 
Steel is entitled to an equitable adjustment. 
 
The government filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings seeking dismissal 
of the complaint on the grounds that Direct Steel has failed to allege facts sufficient to 
state a claim upon which relief can be granted.  Direct Steel filed an opposition to the 
motion.  The government did not file a reply. 
 
We deny the motion. 
  

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STATEMENT OF FACTS (SOF) FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION 
 
Direct Steel has alleged the following in the complaint. 
 
1. On August 20, 2019, the Corps issued Solicitation No. W9126G19B0029, 
requesting bids for the construction of a project located at Fort Hood and known as the 
Supply Support Activity (SSA) Warehouse project (the Project) (Compl. ¶ 4). 
 
2. On September 19, 2019, Direct Steel submitted the lowest responsive and 
responsible bid for the Project (id. ¶ 5). 
 
3. On or around December 10, 2020, the Corps issued the award and entered 
into a contract with Direct Steel for the Project (Contract) (id. ¶ 7). 
 
4. Certain utilities at Fort Cavazos (formerly Fort Hood) are privately owned 
and operated.  Dominion Privatization Texas, LLC (“Dominion”), owns, operates, and 
maintains the natural gas, electrical, and site lighting utilities at Fort Cavazos.  (Id. ¶ 10) 
 
5. The Contract scope included the utility connection work necessary to link 
the Project’s utility infrastructure to Dominion’s utilities, as shown on the Contract 
drawings and specifications (id. ¶ 12). 
 
6. Direct Steel was required to engage Dominion for the performance of the 
work (id. ¶ 13). 
 
7. The solicitation instructed bidders to solicit cost proposals from Dominion 
and identify the costs on a separate Contract Line Item Number (“CLIN”), CLIN 006, 
in the bid form (id. ¶ 15). 
 
8. Direct Steel engaged Dominion during the bid phase and obtained price 
proposals for the work required to connect the Project’s infrastructure to Dominion’s 
natural gas and electrical utility infrastructure.  Dominion provided a price proposal, 
dated September 12, 2019, for the natural gas tie-in in the amount of $23,803.43, and a 
price proposal for the electrical utility infrastructure work, dated September 13, 2019, 
in the amount of $279,630.23.  (Id. ¶ 16) 
 
9. In accordance with the solicitation, Direct Steel relied on Dominion’s 
proposals when it submitted its bid, which stated the amount of $341,475 on CLIN 006 
for all of Dominion’s work required by the Contract.  The amount represented the 
subtotal of Dominion’s proposals plus proper markup.  (Id. ¶ 17) 
 

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10. Prior to contract award, the Corps twice asked Direct Steel to extend its 
bid beyond the 120-day bid acceptance period specified in the solicitation.  Direct 
Steel ultimately agreed to hold its bid through December 2020.  (Id. ¶ 6) 
 
11. Each time the Corps asked Direct Steel to extend its bid, Direct Steel 
contacted its subcontractors and suppliers, including Dominion, to confirm if they 
could also extend their bids as requested by the Corps.  Despite Direct Steel’s diligent 
efforts to contact Dominion, Dominion never responded to Direct Steel.  (Id. ¶¶ 18-19) 
 
12. Dominion did not revise its price proposal before the Corps awarded the 
Contract to Direct Steel.  Thus, when the Corps awarded the Contract to Direct Steel 
on December 10, 2020 the Contract price was based on the proposal pricing Direct 
Steel received from Dominion in September 2019.  (Id. ¶¶ 19-20) 
 
13. After the parties entered into the Contract, Direct Steel learned of a 
significant, unanticipated increase in Dominion’s proposal pricing.  When Direct Steel 
met with the Corps for the initial preconstruction conference on March 2, 2021:  (a) 
the Corps informed Direct Steel that Dominion had recently “completed their design” 
for the utility connection work; (b) the Corps represented that Dominion had 
committed to providing its cost estimate, which it had already provided to the Corps, 
to Direct Steel; and (c) the Corps’ administrative contracting officer acknowledged 
that the circumstances required an equitable adjustment to account for Direct Steel’s 
increased costs to accomplish the Dominion work.  (Id. ¶ 21) 
 
14. On or around March 2, 2021, Direct Steel received Dominion’s proposals 
for the natural gas and the electrical utility infrastructure work.  While Dominion’s price 
for the natural gas work did not change, its price for the electrical utility infrastructure 
work increased substantially, from $279,630.23 to $440,464.91.  (Id. ¶ 22) 
 
15. As required by the Contract and as instructed by the Corps during the 
preconstruction conference, on March 10, 2021, Direct Steel executed the utility 
connection charge agreement with Dominion (“CCA”) based on Dominion’s revised 
pricing, which Dominion Steel countersigned on March 24, 2021 (id. ¶ 24). 
 
16. Direct Steel:  (a) could not have reasonably foreseen the Dominion cost 
increase when it submitted its bid for the Project and when it agreed to extend its bid 
at the request of the Corps; (b) had no control over the cost increase; and (c) had no 
means of mitigating the cost increase, as Dominion owns, operates, and maintains its 
utilities and is the sole-source provider of the work (id. ¶ 37). 
 
17. Before the Corps awarded the Contract to Direct Steel, the Corps knew or 
reasonably should have known that Dominion had been unresponsive to Direct Steel’s 
solicitations, as the Corps had encountered similar difficulties with Dominion on other 

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construction projects at Fort Hood and/or as the Corps had notice as to the status of 
Dominion’s design work (id. ¶ 47). 
 
18. Direct Steel submitted a request for equitable adjustment to the 
Contracting Officer, which it later converted into a certified claim, requesting 
$181,399.34 (id. ¶¶ 27, 29). 
 
19. The Contracting Officer did not issue a final decision within 60 days of the 
claim (id. ¶ 31), and this appeal followed. 
 
DECISION 
 
I. Standard of Review 
 
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c) provides that “[a]fter the pleadings are 
closed—but early enough not to delay trial—a party may move for judgment on the 
pleadings.”  Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c).  “The Board has considered Rule 12(c) motions 
even though [its] Rules do not specifically provide for such a motion.”  Honeywell 
Int’l, Inc., ASBCA No. 63286, 23-1 BCA ¶ 38,370 at 186,359. 
 
A “court should only grant a defendant’s motion for judgment on the pleadings 
if the defendant is clearly entitled to judgment on the basis of the facts as the plaintiff 
has presented them.”  Agility Pub. Warehousing Co. K.S.C.P. v. United States, 969 
F.3d 1355, 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2020) (quoting Owen v. United States, 851 F.2d 1404, 
1407 (Fed. Cir. 1988)).  We apply the same standard to a motion for judgment on the 
pleadings that we apply to a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim.  See Cary v. 
United States, 552 F.3d 1373, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2009); Supreme Foodservice GMBH, 
ASBCA No. 57884 et al., 16-1 BCA ¶ 36,426 at 177,581.  Dismissal for failure to 
state a claim is appropriate only where the non-conclusory facts asserted by the 
claimant do not plausibly suggest a showing of entitlement to a legal remedy.  Cary, 
552 F.3d at 1376; Kandahar Mahali Transit & Forwarding Ltd., ASBCA No. 62319, 
20-1 BCA ¶ 37,635 at 182,725.  The alleged facts “must be enough to raise a right to 
relief above the speculative level.”  Cary, 552 F.3d at 1376 (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. 
v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556 (2007)).  We decide “only whether the claimant is 
entitled to offer evidence in support of its claims, not whether the claimant will 
ultimately prevail.”  Parsons Gov’t Servs., Inc., ASBCA No. 60663, 17-1 BCA 
¶ 36,743 at 179,101 (quoting Matcon Diamond, Inc., ASBCA No. 59637, 15-1 BCA 
¶ 36,144 at 176,407).* 
 
* To the extent the parties rely on materials outside the pleadings, we disregard them 
for purposes of this motion rather than convert the motion to one for summary 
judgment, which would be premature because discovery is ongoing and 

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II. Appellant has Adequately Pleaded a Claim Under at Least one Legal Theory 
 
Direct Steel’s complaint asserts three theories of recovery, all essentially based 
upon the same operative facts outlined above:  constructive change, superior 
knowledge and breach of the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing.  The 
government argues that, as to each of these theories, Direct Steel has failed to plead 
facts sufficient to meet the necessary elements and therefore failed to state a claim for 
relief.  We hold that Direct Steel has adequately pleaded a claim under its superior 
knowledge theory and therefore the government is not entitled to judgment on the 
pleadings.  We defer ruling on the government’s arguments for judgment on the other 
two theories, because dismissal of either of those theories based on the same facts does 
not appear likely to affect the scope of discovery.  See Board Rule 7(a). 
 
In order to prevail on a claim of superior knowledge, the contractor must 
demonstrate that:   
 
(1)  a contractor undertakes to perform without vital 
knowledge of a fact that affects performance costs or 
duration, (2) the government was aware the contractor had 
no knowledge of and had no reason to obtain such 
information, (3) any contract specification supplied misled 
the contractor or did not put it on notice to inquire, and 
(4) the government failed to provide the relevant 
information. 
 
Scott Timber Co. v. United States, 692 F.3d 1365, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting 
Hercules, Inc. v. United States, 24 F.3d 188, 196 (Fed. Cir. 1994)). 
 
Direct Steel’s factual allegations, when considered in the light most favorable to 
it, can be read to suggest the presence of each of these elements.  The complaint 
clearly alleges the first and fourth elements:  Direct Steel did not know at the time of 
bid that Dominion would raise its pricing and the government did not reveal that 
information in time for Direct Steel to account for it in its proposal (compl. ¶¶ 17-21). 
 
Drawing all reasonable inferences in Direct Steel’s favor, the allegations also 
support the third and fourth elements.  The alleged facts, if proved, indicate that the 
government was in regular communication with Dominion about the project, was 
aware that Dominion was uncommunicative with the government’s contractors who 
were charged with working with it on utility work, and knew that Dominion was 
changing its design for the utility work at issue.  A plausible inference from these 
 
appellant is entitled to a reasonable opportunity to present all material that is 
pertinent to the motion.  See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). 

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allegations is that the government knew that Dominion was going to raise its price, 
knew that Direct Steel did not know this and was unable to obtain this information 
from Dominion, and that Direct Steel was effectively misled into relying on 
Dominion’s original price.  Further, the allegation that the Corps’ administrative 
contracting officer acknowledged at the pre-construction conference that Direct Steel 
was entitled to an equitable adjustment supports an inference that he recognized that 
the circumstances were such that it would be unfair to require Direct Steel to absorb 
Dominion’s cost increase. 
 
While Direct Steel makes no specific factual allegation to support its conclusory 
allegation that “before the Corps awarded the Contract to Direct Steel, the Corps knew 
or reasonably should have known that Dominion’s price had increased,” (compl. ¶ 48), 
its specific factual allegations are sufficient to make that conclusion plausible.  The 
same is true of the allegations that the Corps was aware or should have been aware that 
Direct Steel did not know of the price increase and had no reason to obtain that 
information beyond the steps it had taken to verify Dominion’s price (id. ¶ 49). 
 
Accordingly, the complaint’s factual allegations are enough to state a claim for 
relief on its superior knowledge claim and survive the government’s motion for 
judgment on the pleadings. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
The government’s motion for judgment on the pleadings is denied with respect 
to superior knowledge.  The Board defers ruling on appellant’s other legal theories. 
 
Dated:  March 10, 2025 
 
 
 
THOMAS P. MCLISH 
Administrative Judge 
Armed Services Board 
of Contract Appeals 
 
 
 
 
 
(Signatures continued) 

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I concur 
 
 
 
 I concur 
 
 
 
OWEN C. WILSON 
Administrative Judge 
Acting Chairman 
Armed Services Board 
of Contract Appeals 
 MICHAEL N. O’CONNELL 
Administrative Judge 
Vice Chairman 
Armed Services Board 
of Contract Appeals 
 
 
I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the 
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA No. 63837, Appeal of Direct 
Steel, LLC, rendered in conformance with the Board’s Charter. 
 
Dated:  March 10, 2025 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PAULLA K. GATES-LEWIS 
Recorder, Armed Services 
Board of Contract Appeals