Inclusion Criteria:  Cochlear implant subjects  must be older than the age of 18 implanted unilaterally with CI with at least 1 year of experience no diagnosis of any other communicative or cognitive disorder. English-speaking willingness and ability to provide informed consent  Normal hearing subjects  must be older than age of 18 no diagnosis of any other communicative or cognitive disorder. English-speaking willingness and ability to provide informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  not meeting the inclusion criteria above