Inclusion Criteria:  GDM (diagnosis criteria of the Latin American Society of Diabetes (ALAD) and Argentine Society of Diabetes (SAD): Fasting plasma glucosa > 100 mg/dl, p75 oral glucose tolerance test-2 h plasma glucose > 140 mg/dl)  Exclusion Criteria:  Multiple pregnancy Pregestational diabetes (type 1 or type 2) Bariatric surgery Infectious diseases