Inclusion Criteria:  Patient listed for intermediate or high-risk surgery (Appendix 2) [20] at the Kantonsspital of Lucerne Patient undergoing surgery in one of the following departments: Abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, urology, gynaecology, vascular surgery or head and neck surgery Date of surgery >4 weeks after date of listing for surgery or discussion by tumor board Current smokers, defined as daily smoking of at least one cigarette, cigar or pipe Age over 18 years Able to give signed written informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Plastic surgery Consumption of illegal drugs Alcohol dependency defined as preexisting alcohol related disorders (eg. alcoholic psychosis, Alcohol abuse, Alcohol polyneuropathy, degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol, Alcoholic myopathy, Alcoholic liver disease) Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g., due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia