Inclusion Criteria:  Can provide informed consent. Age between 18 and 85 years old Body Mass Index: 25 ≤ BMI ≤ 40 Hemoglobin A1c level: 7.5 ≤ HbA1c ≤ 9.5 Individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes Type II for at least 1 year (diagnosed by ADA criteria) and up to 20 years Advanced diabetic complications including neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and other related complications Stable dose of medications for the previous 3 months Stable diet and lifestyle for the previous 3 months Stable medical status (Ex: no myocardial infarction, stroke, major surgery,  Exclusion Criteria:  Unable to provide informed consent Chronic disease (e.g. HIV, Cushing syndrome, CKD, acromegaly, active hyperthyroidism etc.) Cancer and anticancer treatment in the last 5 years Psychiatric disorders (that in the eyes of the investigator should exclude the participant) Any disorder, which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardize subject's safety or compliance with the protocol Organ (kidney, pancreas, liver) transplant recipients Pregnancy or lactation Positive drug screen (opiates, methadone, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol) Alcoholics or Smokers Positive screen on HBsAg, anti-HCV or anti-HIV ½ History of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma Subjects with known coronary artery disease or coronary revascularisation Subjects with previous history of cerebrovascular accident Subjects with known proliferative retinopathy or previous laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy Subjects with life-threatening conditions including malignancy Subjects with known psychiatric conditions including depression Subjects with significant renal impairment (eGFR<60ml/min at baseline) or non-diabetic renal disease (e.g. biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis or obstructive uropathy) Subjects with major physical disability