Inclusion Criteria:  All pediatrics ASA I&II aged 1-8 years undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries.  Exclusion Criteria:  ASA ≥ III. Parents refusal of caudal block. Patients with coagulation disorders (Platelets ≤ 50,000 and/or INR> 1.5). Patients with suspected or proved allergic to local anesthetics. Rash or signs of infection at the injection site. Patients requiring emergency or laparoscopic procedures.