Inclusion Criteria:  Sampled in the NSQIP Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted Dataset from January 2017 through December 2020 undergoing surgical fixation of hip fractures using either general and/or spinal anesthesia. In case of reduced Procedure-Targeted data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigators will also create a total open hip fracture cohort using relevant Current Procedural Terminology codes (27244, 27245, 27269, 27236, or 27248)  Exclusion Criteria:  Primary or secondary anesthetic technique listed as local anesthesia alone, local anesthesia with intravenous sedation, epidural, and those with no reported anesthesia technique American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status (PS) V (defined as "5-Moribund"), and Ventilator-dependence preoperatively. Platelet counts less than 80,000/mm3 within 90 days before surgery, International normalized ratio (INR) greater than or equal to 1.5, or Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) greater than 35 seconds (likelihood of being ineligible for SA)