Inclusion Criteria:  intention to undergo gastroscopy during health checkup examination 25-75 years of age.  Exclusion Criteria:  a history of gastric ulcer, gastric polyp, or GC a history of gastrectomy treatment with a proton pump inhibitor in the last month contraindications to gastroscopy a history of Hp eradication a history of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, belching, acid reflux, nausea and other digestive tract symptoms within 1 month incomplete data.