Inclusion Criteria:  Participants born at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford or the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Devon Neonates born at or after 35+0 weeks gestation Neonates with a postnatal age of 7 days or less Neonates who clinically require a heel lance Neonates for whom parents/guardians have given written informed consent for inclusion in the trial  Exclusion Criteria:  Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) > grade II Received any analgesics or sedatives in the last 24 hours Congenital malformation or genetic condition known to affect neurological development Born to mothers who have a history of substance abuse.