Inclusion Criteria:  Residual specimens of CSF obtained by lumbar puncture from subjects with signs and symptoms of meningitis and/or encephalitis following completion of routine testing Specimen that had not been centrifuged Adequate residual volume (≥400 μl)  Exclusion Criteria:  Specimens not fitting criteria outlined above CSF obtained from an external ventricular drain or shunt source Lack of clear subject identification or label on residual banked CSF specimen Obvious physical damage of banked residual specimen Repeat specimens from the same subject