Inclusion Criteria:  65+ years of age Comfortable with experiencing exercise-induced fatigue Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits and study procedures Able to provide consent on their own behalf Type 2 Diabetics accepted  Exclusion Criteria:  Competitive athlete (Recreationally active is okay but no more than 3 days/week of structured exercise) VO2max below 18 ml/kg/min in men, 15ml/kg/min in women (minimum thresholds for independent living seniors) Inability of study staff to acquire signal from the MCA using TCD Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, multiple sclerosis, or psychiatric illness (unless mild depression or anxiety) History of brain damage/stroke/concussions Cardiovascular Disease, Pulmonary Disease, or dependence of supplemental O2 Type 2 Diabetics who aren't cleared by the study physician during the first screening visit (HbA1C > 8.5%) Neuromuscular or musculoskeletal dysfunctions impairing one from cycling Changes in vasoactive medication dose or quantity, recently prior to or during the study time course, or inability to maintain regular timed ingestion of vasoactive medication Currently involved in Estrogen or Testosterone Replacement Therapy Unable to abstain from food consumption (3hrs), caffeine/alcohol consumption (12hrs), and vigorous exercise (24hrs) prior to experimental procedures