Inclusion Criteria:  Maxillofacial reconstruction with CAS, including virtual surgical planning, CAD-CAM surgical guides/templates and pre-bent plates on 3D printed models. Reasons for reconstruction were oncologic, osteoradionecrosis, trauma and osteoporosis.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients undergoing computer-assisted implant surgery were excluded. Patients undergoing computer-assisted orthognathic surgery were excluded.