Inclusion Criteria:  Participants at increased risk for severe RSV infection recommended to receive palivizumab in accordance with national or local guidelines or professional society recommendations. Is available to complete the follow-up period.  Exclusion Criteria:  Requires mechanical ventilation at time of enrollment. Has a life expectancy <6 months. Has known hepatic or renal dysfunction, or chronic seizure disorder. Is hospitalized at the time of randomization unless discharge is expected within 7 days after randomization. Has severe immunodeficiency or is severely immunocompromised. Has known hypersensitivity to any component of MK-1654 or palivizumab.