Inclusion Criteria:  (1) senior residents aged over 60 years, those who were not diagnosed with any cognitive impairment; (2) capable of communicating in Mandarin or Taiwanese; and (3) capable of using smartphones.  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) participants who could not fully complete the 8-week intervention (or participate in the course for at least three days per week); and (2) those who were incapable of understanding the content of the questionnaire.