Inclusion Criteria:  The patients will be of ASA physical status II-III, neonates aged less than 28 days and undergoing open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula with right thoracotomy. All patients' will be full term with gestational age ≥ 36 weeks and weigh ≥ 2.5 kilograms.  Exclusion Criteria:  Significant congenital heart disease including cyanotic heart disease, single ventricle pathology, large intracardiac defect with significant left to right shunt, and severe pulmonary hypertension more than 50 mmHg. Other exclusion criteria included prematurity, pneumonia or severe chest infection prior to the surgery, and parent or guardian refusal.