Inclusion Criteria:  - Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, as defined by ADA criteria  Exclusion Criteria:  Renal transplantation or renal replacement therapy; prior diagnosis of macrovascular disease (CHD, cerebrovascular disease, carotid disease, PAD, or atherosclerotic aortic aneurism); ongoing pregnancy; diagnosis of types of diabetes mellitus other than type 1; diagnosis of types of neuropathy other than diabetic neuropathy.