Inclusion Criteria:  males between 18 and 25  Exclusion Criteria:  recruitment will be limited to male participants between 18 and 25 years who have no current conditions that would preclude the use of testosterone. Specific exclusion criteria are: women of all ages males younger than 18 years and older than 25 years self-report discomfort with ingestion of testosterone for the purpose of this study body mass index lower than 18 or higher than 27 prior diagnosis of major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, phobia, anxiety disorder, or other psychiatric conditions first-degree relatives diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder presence of a medical condition that would preclude the use of testosterone use of medications that would preclude the use of testosterone consumption of more than 5 cigarettes a day current use of testosterone enhancing products, such as gels, creams, and injections