Inclusion Criteria:  Aged 18 or above Patients with histopathology confirmed untreated metastatic NSCLC scheduled for systemic anti-cancer therapy ECOG status ≤ 1 Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled study visits and tests  Exclusion Criteria:  Pregnant or breast-feeding women Concomitant uncontrolled medical conditions as per Investigator assessment > 3 months between IHC PD-L1 and study recruitment Significant abnormality of haematology (one or more of: Hb ≤ 90g/L, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤1.5 x109/L, platelet count ≤75 x109/L) Significant abnormality of renal function (defined as Cockcroft-Gault calculated creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min) Significant abnormality of liver function (one or more of: AST or ALT ≥2.5x ULN or ≥ 5x ULN if patient has liver metastases; total bilirubin ≥1.5xULN. In the case of patients with Gilbert's syndrome then direct bilirubin must be confirmed as ≤ ULN) Significant cardiovascular disease, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure ≥Class III, myocardial infarction within 3 months of enrolment, unstable arrhythmia or unstable angina History of uncontrolled allergic reactions and/or have hypersensitivity to anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, kanamycin A or aminoglycoside therapies, or other excipients that may induce hypersensitivity