Inclusion Criteria:  Pregnant or women of childbearing age (15-49 years)  Resident within the defined catchment area. Residency status will be defined as having resided in the area for at least four months. Willingness to attend antenatal care and deliver in the study area. Willingness to give informed consent (and assent for non-pregnant WOCBAs under 18 years of age).  Exclusion Criteria:  Refusal to participate or be followed up to the end of pregnancy. • Any medical, psychiatric, or social condition that would interfere with the ability to provide an accurate medical or drug history or the volunteer's ability to give informed consent (e.g. mentally disabled patients).