Inclusion Criteria:  a diagnosis of T2DM； a body mass index (BMI) of 20-35 kg/m2； an HbA1c of 7.0%-12%, an age of 25-70 years； required data available at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after GLP-1 RA therapy.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with serious diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident, trauma, kidney or liver diseases, severe gastrointestinal dysfunction, and history of pancreatitis； patients receiving GLP-1 analogues, weight loss drugs, glucocorticoids, drugs affecting gastrointestinal peristalsis in the past 3 months； those with missing data at the time points of baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after GLP-1 RA therapy.