Known food allergies or intolerances specifically to gluten, milk, lactose or any grains Known drug allergies specifically paracetamol Known sensitivity or has had an adverse reaction to paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in the past Individuals with regular prescriptions or regularly consume medication (at least once a month), including alternative medicine (e.g. traditional Chinese medicine) Had been diagnosed or with a history of any metabolic disease or disorders, including diabetes, gestational diabetes and hypertension Had been diagnosed or with a history of gastrointestinal disorders e.g. irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diverticulitis Had been hospitalised in the 3 months prior to the study. Pregnant or lactating women, or planning to conceive in the next 3 months Consumes more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day i.e. one drink is defined as either 150ml of wine, 340ml of beer/cider or 45ml of distilled spirit. Smokers Poor peripheral venous access based on past experiences with blood draw Significant change in weight (≥ 3 kg body weight) in the past 3 months Significant exercise pattern over the past 3 months defined as high-intensity exercise of more than 3 hours per week Currently on a specialised diet e.g. vegetarian, vegan, weight loss plan, high protein diet Unwilling to refrain from consuming fibre or prebiotic supplements, high fibre ingredients and more than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day over the length of the study. Has donated blood in the past one month Hierarchical link with the research team members Participating in another clinical study