Inclusion Criteria:  All patients undergoing foot and ankle surgeries under the care of Dr. Steven Raikin with continuous popliteal blocks at Riverview Surgical Center will be considered for enrollment.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients who present with a) known hypersensitivity to ropivacaine or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide type, Existing use of narcotics, Pregnant women, Individuals under the age of 18 Procedures involving any other forms of anesthesia other than general anesthesia with a continuous popliteal nerve block.