Inclusion Criteria:  aged between 20 and 40 years old a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 30 being sedentary  Exclusion Criteria:  Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities (e.g., arrhythmia, atrioventricular blocks) history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or renal disease contraindications for exercise (e.g., orthopedic problems) involvement in any yoga practice being pregnant or nursing use of tobacco products or medications that may affect cardiovascular function