Inclusion Criteria:  patients who are scheduled for uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score is 1 or 2.  Exclusion Criteria:  moderate to severe hepatic or renal insufficiency active peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding allergy to salicylates pregnancy or lactation period inflammatory bowel disease congestive heart failure accepted coronary artery bypass surgery ischemic heart disease peripheral vascular disease cerebrovascular disease