Inclusion Criteria:  Premature infant at corrected age between 28 weeks to 36+6 weeks gestation. Both mothers and premature infants were medically and surgically stable. Mothers were willing to perform KC and admitted to the NICU.  Exclusion Criteria:  Surgical infant i.e cleft lip, cleft palate, spina bifida, exomphalos, and omphalocele. Infant required medical treatment eg. prolonged phototherapy treatment. Trisomy 21.