Inclusion Criteria:  Endometrial cancer group:  Established histopathological diagnosis of cancer of the endometrium (any stage and subtype) Patients must be eligible for primary staging surgery (any route, e.g. laparoscopy and laparotomy)  Endometrial hyperplasia group:  Established histopathological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (with or without atypia) Treatment with hysterectomy deemed necessary  Control group  Healthy with benign disease, non-malignancy Undergoing hysterectomy (any route, e.g. laparoscopy and laparotomy)  Exclusion Criteria:  Patient's refusal / inability to consent Synchronous gynaecological cancer (ovary, cervix, fallopian tubes) Previous pelvic radiotherapy Previous hysterectomy Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Previous endometrial ablation