Inclusion Criteria:  Study population who satisfied following criteria were included in the study:  Patients above age of 20 years irrespective of sex, race, socioeconomic status having partially edentulism in either or both the arches Individuals who are willing and cooperative for study  Exclusion Criteria:  Completely edentulous patients, patients with teeth extracted for orthodontic purpose Patients with an only missing third molar, un erupted or congenitally missing teeth, root tips,and loose teeth that were indicated for extraction were not included in the study.