Inclusion Criteria:  Healthy Premenopausal women 18-48 years old Signed informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Pregnancy and lactation Past and present thyroid conditions/dysfunction Allergy to gluten, wheat, or dairy Iodine supplement consumption Currently taking medication (other than contraceptive) Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract Current smoker Current vegan (pizza contains dairy cheese) Having a habitual diet very low in iodine (<1 portion of dairy per day, or <1 portion of fish per week) Having a habitual diet very high in iodine (>4 portions of dairy per day, or >4 portions of fish per week)