Inclusion criteria:  ● Patients undergoing transurethral surgical treatment of confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder  Exclusion criteria  Radiologically suspected muscle invasive bladder cancer pre-operatively Surgery not performed with curative intent: a. Diagnostic purposes only b. Symptomatic or palliative purposes only c. diffuse lesions that cannot cured by TURBT surgery Emergency TURBT Records lacking pre-defined minimum data set All records from sites where the study minimum requirements are not met