Inclusion:  6-17 years old inclusively Children for whom a NPS was ordered  Exclusion:  Children presenting with the following acute conditions, which could either prevent the lidocaine from being properly administered, or pose a risk for the patient as increased absorption of the medication might occur:  Nasal or airway burns, trauma or major anomaly Cardiorespiratory compromise  Children for whom an informed consent could not be obtained  Any other life-threatening condition or priority one patient requiring emergency support Language barrier  Children presenting with conditions that could prevent their ability to reliably report their pain:  Severe intellectual disability Severe pain upon presentation Administration of opiates prior to the NPS  Children presenting with the following chronic conditions, which could either prevent the lidocaine from being properly administered, or pose a risk for the patient:  Hypersensitivity/allergy to the medication or a known component Methemoglobinemia G6PD deficiency Familial malignant hyperthermia Pseudocholinesterase deficiency Severe hepatic impairment Severe cardiac condition or use of antiarrhythmic medication Risk of airway aspiration