Inclusion Criteria:  Pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years old between 20*- and 32**-weeks' gestational age. Baseline (enrollment) laboratory-confirmed moderate or severe anemia (Hb < 10g/dl).  Exclusion Criteria:  Medically-confirmed significant bleeding, major surgery or received blood transfusion within the last 3 months. Severe symptomatic anemia needing urgent correction with blood transfusion. Anemia of other cause besides IDA e.g., Sickle cell anemia. Clinically-confirmed malabsorption syndrome Hypersensitivity to any form of iron treatment. History of any immune related illness e.g., SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis Preexisting maternal depression or other psychiatric illness