Inclusion Criteria  patient ages 3-9 (chosen due to high incidence of emergence delirium and presence of musical memory seen in this age group) unilateral or bilateral myringotomy procedure, laser treatment for skin lesions, adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy  Exclusion Criteria  Chronic intake of any sedative or analgesic medication Combined surgical procedure not otherwise listed in inclusion criteria Surgical or anesthetic complications (including use of invasive airway device for myringotomy) History of significant hearing loss impeding the ability to hear music Lack of interest in music reported by parents or inability to identify personally meaningful music