Inclusion Criteria:  Adults aged 18 years and older who were designated as a smoker in the EHR who had at least one face-to-face visit with their PCP in the prior 12 months and had a patient portal account To ensure equal representation across the 10 physicians, we randomly selected 20 patients under each physician to serve in the sample.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients were excluded if they no longer see the PCP, had a diagnosis for which the outreach program would be insensitive (e.g., lung cancer), previously expressed not wanting smoking cessation counseling, or were no longer a smoker. (Patients were post-hoc excluded if EHR indicated that they had received smoking cessation treatment 60 days prior to portal message intervention.)