Inclusion Criteria:  patients with one of the criteria stated by grade II (moderate) Tokyo guidelines for acute cholecystitis who were managed either by early LC or by a bridging PC followed by delayed LC.  Exclusion Criteria:  grade I or III acute cholecystitis common bile duct stones or jaundice, Liver cirrhosis, severe upper abdominal adhesions, acalculous cholecystitis major comorbidities in which laparoscopic surgery is contraindicated. those who followed a conservative treatment for acute cholecystitis