Inclusion Criteria:  For Cohort 1 and 3 (CKD/ESRD): Participants that are on statins, ACEi/ARB, beta-blocker, diuretic or on any other cardio-renal relevant treatment, the dose should be stable at least 4 weeks prior to Screening (Visit 1) (no dose adjustments within 4 weeks prior to Screening [Visit 1]). For Cohort 2 (HV): Participants who are overtly healthy as determined by medical evaluation including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and cardiac monitoring. (a) Have an eGFR of ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m^2 as determined at Screening (Visit 1) via the CKD-EPI formula.  For Cohort 1 (CKD): Participants who are severely renally impaired.  (a) Have an eGFR of ≥15 to < 30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 as determined at Screening (Visit 1) via the CKD-EPI formula.  For Cohort 3 (ESRD): Participants with ESRD on dialysis.  Have an eGFR of < 15 mL/min/1.73 m^2. Have been on stable intermittent haemodialysis for at least 3 months prior to Screening (Visit 1). Body weight of at least 50 kg and BMI within the range ≥ 18 to ≤ 35 kg/m^2 (inclusive). Female of non-childbearing potential or male. Contraceptive use by men should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.  Exclusion Criteria:  Participant has a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test result within 2 weeks before screening (Visit 1) or between screening and admission to study centre (Visit 2). Clinical signs and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (eg, fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, sore throat, fatigue) 2 weeks before screening (Visit 1) or between screening and admission to study centre (Visit 2). Participant has been previously hospitalised with COVID-19 infection within the last 3 months prior to Screening (Visit 1). Known or suspected history of substance dependence or a positive screen for drugs or alcohol abuse at the Screening Visit.  Any laboratory values with the following deviations at the Screening Visit (Visit 1); test may be repeated at the discretion of the Investigator if abnormal:  (a) Any positive result on screening for serum hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, and HIV. (b) Alanine aminotransferase > 1.5 × ULN (c) Aspartate aminotransferase > 1.5 × ULN (d) Total bilirubin > ULN (e) Haemoglobin < 12 g/dL in males or < 11 g/dL in females (f) Platelet count ≤ LLN  Previous allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Non-leukocyte depleted whole blood transfusion within 120 days of genetic sample collection.  9. Participants with a known hypersensitivity to AZD8233 or any of the excipients of the product.  10. For Cohort 2: Any clinically significant disease or disorder (eg, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, liver, renal, neurological, musculoskeletal including bone fractures, endocrine including adrenal insufficiency, metabolic, malignant, psychiatric, major physical impairment,), skin disorder, history of, or ongoing clinically significant allergy/hypersensitivity.  11. Cohort 1 & 3: Presence of unstable medical (e.g., diabetes) or psychological conditions and renal transplant patients.  12. Previous administration of AZD8233/AZD6615 or inclisiran (LEQVIO®, Novartis).  13. Current or previous treatment with drugs for reduction of PCSK9 (for example evolocumab, alirocumab or inclisiran).