Inclusion Criteria:  body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-25.0 normal diet not under any medication not having any history of metabolic diseases not having abnormalities such as systemic hypertension (resting blood pressure more than 140/90 mmHg), impaired glucose tolerance (fasting blood glucose concentration between 100-126 mg/dL and oral glucose tolerance test or OGTT more than 140 mg/dL), and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD).  Exclusion Criteria:  - Subjects were excluded if they had an acute infection pregnant, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, pancreatic disease, and take any medication during or 1 week before trial.