Inclusion Criteria:  The participants having a transmucosal implant system (Straumann TL RN/WN, Institut Straumann, AG, Basel, Switzerland) were placed in a single-tooth gap in the area of premolar or molar regions in the maxilla and mandible with existing interproximal and antagonist contacts. general medical health is healthy or has a well-controlled systemic disease. general oral health has shown no sign of infection or unsuccessfully treated diseases such as chronic periodontitis.  Exclusion Criteria:  smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day. pregnancy. psychiatric disorder history of radiation therapy at the head and neck area. history of chemotherapy. history of bony pathologies such as osseous dysplasia, odontogenic cyst or tumor, etc.