Inclusion criteria  Infants that were born at 22 0/7 to 31 6/7 weeks gestation and admitted to the NICU at Mount Sinai Health System. Infants that are on NIPPV or NIV-NAVA respiratory support for at least 24 hours at the time of enrolment.  Exclusion Criteria:  Infants with congenital anomalies. Infants with known genetic disorder. Infants with known lung malformation or diaphragm dysfunction. Infants of whom parents declined consent.