Inclusion Criteria:  This cross-sectional study included 30 right hemiplegic and 30 left hemiplegic patients with a history of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the last 1 year and 30 healthy volunteers as a control group. All patients and healthy volunteers were right hand dominant.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with a history of CVA in the last 1 month, bilateral hemispheric ischemic lesion, moderate/severe cognitive impairment, aphasia, neglect, and patients/healthy volunteers with severe systemic, inflammatory, degenerative and neurological diseases that may lead to loss of hand functions, a history of surgery or trauma in the upper extremity in the last 3 months, and younger than 18 years of age were excluded.