Inclusion Criteria:  2.1.1 Age 18 years or older.  2.1.2 A diagnosis of cancer, cancer remission, benign disease (benign tumor, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.) or apparently healthy volunteers. .  Exclusion Criteria:  2.2.1 Patients that are unwilling or unable to sign the Informed Consent Form will be excluded.  2.2.2 Approximately 50 mL of blood will be drawn from participants within an 8-week period under this protocol. Patients that have already given 50 mL of blood within this time frame will be excluded.