Inclusion Criteria:  Patients who are less than 12 years of age with presenting to the Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center with the diagnosis of PUV will be s creended for eligibility  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with other conditions that can potentially affect lower and upper urinary tract functions Patients who were treated with urinary diversion as vesicostomy or cutaneous ureterostomy. Patients who had primary treatment of posterior urethral valve ablation at other hospitals.