Inclusion Criteria:  previous medical identification of Down Syndrome chronological age 6-14 years regular use of 3-word utterances (ascertained via parent report during screening and confirmed during assessments) pass a hearing screening at the time of enrollment in the project. All will pass a hearing screening (25 dB @1000, 2000, 4000 Hz).  Exclusion Criteria:  A history of or parent report of  seizures, diagnosed ADHD, apraxia secondary to a diagnosed neurological disorder stuttering, Autism Spectrum Disorder (Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2nd Edition score above the ASD cut-off) or severe disruptive behavior that would prevent participation in testing or treatment.