Inclusion Criteria:  Pregnant patients 18 years of age or older Patients undergoing both scheduled and unscheduled cesarean deliveries at CFCC  Exclusion Criteria:  Active substance abuse (ex methamphetamines) determined by patient report, toxin screen, or screening physician's determination Current treatment for chronic pain involving opiate receptor agonism or antagonism (i.e. suboxone, methadone, naltrexone, oxycodone) Contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia Known allergies to common anesthetic medications Inability to consent to study procedures Patient receiving general anesthesia