Inclusion Criteria:  enrollment in treatment at the CHAS Perry St or partnering clinic; age greater than 18 years; ability to read, speak, and write English; diagnosed with a chronic, non-cancer-based painful medical condition; ability to provide informed consent.  Exclusion Criteria:  pregnancy; diagnosis of a cancer-based painful medical condition; any other medical or psychiatric condition that the PI or Co-PI physician of record determine might compromise safe study participation (including but not limited to active psychosis, history of frequent psychiatric hospitalizations, severe anxiety with claustrophobia, aggression)