Inclusion Criteria:  Individuals 45-75 years old Who had a first-ever ischemic (cortical or subcortical) stroke confirmed by MRI/CT Who had stroke 2 to 6 weeks prior to participation With recordable motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the affected hemisphere With no serious musculoskeletal or neurological conditions other than stroke With sufficient cognitive/communicative capacity to safely perform the protocols.  Exclusion Criteria:  Hemorrhagic stroke Cognitive impairment/dysphasia affecting informed consent Concurrently enrolled in another exercise program Major psychiatric or previous neurological disease Absolute contraindications to TMS or exercise