Inclusion Criteria:  At least 18 years old. Good oral hygiene defined as full-mouth plaque score ≤ 25% (O'Leary et al.1972 Presence of a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla (15 - 25) with both neighbouring teeth present Failing tooth at least 3 months earlier removed Class I defect at the single tooth gap as clinically assessed (buccopalatal loss of tissue with a normal apicocoronal ridge height) (Seibert, 1983) Signed informed consent Buccopalatal bone dimension of at least 6 mm at the central and crestal aspect of the single tooth gap to ensure complete embedding of an implant by bone  Exclusion Criteria:  Systemic diseases Smoking (History of) periodontal disease Untreated caries lesions Need for horizontal bone augmentation at the time of implant placement