Intervention I (Maternal Safety Bundles) AIM Bundle Structure, Process and SMM 21 Outcome Measures • Inclusion criteria: Births at the five participating hospital sites for Intervention 1, collecting data one year prior to, during and one year after the study period.  PREM PROM (Patient Reported Experience Measure ( PREM) Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) Surveys for Intervention I  • Inclusion criteria for Pre- and post- surveys for Maternal Safety Bundles Implementation: Birthing individuals who have delivered six weeks to one year prior to the interview at the five participating sites in Intervention 1  Focus groups for Intervention I  • Inclusion criteria: Obstetrical care providers including nurses, midwives, family practitioners, attending obstetricians and trainee obstetricians employed at the five participating hospital sites will be invited to participate in focus groups.  Intervention II (Community doula support) Severe Maternal Mortality (SMM) 21 Outcome Measures • Inclusion criteria: Live births among birthing individuals who identify as Black or African American and who are offered community doula-support at one of the participating four hospitals, either through a hospital-based program or a payer navigation program. The study will include in the intervention arm 340 pregnant women who (1) live in the state of MA, (2) identify as Black or African American, (3) are offered doula care by either their provider or their payer-based navigation program and (4) deliver at one of the four delivering hospitals (Beth Israel Lahey, Boston Medical Center, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, and Baystate Medical Center). Concurrently, the 340 birthing individuals who were offered doula care in the intervention arm will be matched with birthing individuals who identify as Black or African American, have a live birth, and deliver at one of four hospitals and have similar demographics such as age, comorbidities, payer status, etc.  Focus groups for Intervention II • Inclusion criteria: Persons who practice or identify as community doulas and work with clients who deliver in the state of Massachusetts and have assisted a client in pregnancy, birth, or postpartum within the past 12 months prior to the focus group discussion; obstetrical care provider including nurses, midwives, family medicine practitioners, attending obstetricians, and obstetricians employed at the four participating hospital sites as well as community doula programmatic staff who are employed at participating hospitals sites, or participating community doula organizations, or payers  PREM PROM (Patient Reported Experience Measure Patient Reported Outcome Measure) Surveys for Intervention II  • Inclusion criteria: Live births among birthing individuals who identify as Black or African American and who are offered community doula-support at one of the participating four hospitals, either through a hospital-based program or a payer navigation program.  Intervention I (Maternal Safety Bundles) AIM Bundle Structure, Process and SMM 21 Outcome Measures  • Exclusion criteria: Pregnancies ending prior to 20 weeks and due to ectopic pregnancy not occurring on labor and delivery units of the five participating hospitals  PREM PROM (Patient Reported Experience Measure Patient Reported Outcome Measure) Surveys for Intervention I  • Exclusion criteria: Pregnancies ending prior to 20 weeks and due to ectopic pregnancy not occurring on labor and delivery units of the five participating hospitals  Focus groups for Intervention I  • Exclusion criteria: Staff who have contact with patients but do not identify in the provider types listed in the inclusion criteria  Intervention II (Community doula support) SMM 21 Outcome Measures • Exclusion criteria: Pregnancies ending prior to 20 weeks and due to ectopic pregnancy not occurring on labor and delivery units of the five participating hospitals  Focus groups for Intervention II • Exclusion criteria: Staff who have contact with clients but do not identify in the provider types listed in the inclusion criteria  PREM PROM (Patient Reported Experience Measure Patient Reported Outcome Measure) Surveys for Intervention II  • Exclusion criteria: Pregnancies ending prior to 20 weeks and due to ectopic pregnancy not occurring on labor and delivery units of the four participating hospitals