Inclusion Criteria:  Age ≥ 18 years Males and females ASA III classification Written informed consent obtained by the patient Elective hospital admission for major vascular surgery procedures (CEA, open AAA, EVAR, TEVAR, FEVAR)  Exclusion Criteria:  Age < 18 years Presence of permanent cardiac arrythmias Weight < 55kg and > 140kg Pregnancy Emergency surgery Minor vascular procedures Refusal or inability to provide written informed consent (language barrier, mental retardation, dementia)