Inclusion Criteria:  -  For HD centers:  ≥ 100 patients under MHD within 3 years prior the study initiation Willing to participate in the study Have routine blood collection after LIDI Have death records  For HD patients:  • On chronic HD for ≥ 3 months  Exclusion Criteria:  Blood test on other days than those after LIDI Unable to provide detailed data required by study protocol Being unable to comply with study-specified procedure