Inclusion Criteria:  patients who were diagnosed as having chronic refractory migraine and were refractory to conventional treatments, such as oral medications, GONB,and botulinum toxin injection were evaluated.  Exclusion Criteria:  patients who were highly likely to have a chronic systemic disease that might be the cause of headache, such as hypertension, were excluded from the study. Additionally, patients who already had other primary headache conditions were also excluded.  -