Inclusion Criteria:  Patients between 18- and 80 years old Patients undergoing elective Major hepatic resection for the treatment of malignant disease. Patients with all tumor Stages (TNM classification). Only patients undergoing Major hepatic resection.  Exclusion Criteria:  American Anesthesiology Association (ASA)-classification IV or higher Liver cirrhosis Child grade B or higher End stage renal disease requiring dialysis Severe heart disease New York Heart Association class IV  Pulmonary condition:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Asthma History of pulmonary surgery History of pulmonary embolism Smoking Pleural effusion occupying more than 1/3 of the pleural space Neurological disorders leading to paraparesis of the upper or lower limbs Known muscular dystrophic disorders