Inclusion Criteria:  Age between 65-85 years Normal hearing (pure tone thresholds <= 25 dB HL from 250-8000 Hz) Normal or corrected-to-normal vision Dominant language: American English Education: a high school diploma or higher educational level  Exclusion Criteria:  Middle-ear or inner-ear pathology Non-native speaker of English Inability to complete all training sessions within a pre-specified time window (e.g., due to unexpected schedule restrictions) Learning disorders