Inclusion Criteria:  Patients enrolled in the SMART Clinic at University of Kentucky 18-60 years of age Preferably right hand dominant Currently self-report smoking 10 of more cigarettes per day or a score of > 5 on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Willing and able to abstain from all drug use Exhaled breath on day of study CO < 10 ppm Stabilized on maintenance buprenorphine if having comorbid opioid use disorder Able to read and speak English Able to provide informed consent to participate.  Exclusion Criteria:  Pregnant, nursing, or becoming pregnant during the study. History of traumatic brain injury or seizures which are contraindications for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Increased risk of seizure for any reason, including prior diagnosis of epilepsy, seizure disorder, increased intracranial pressure, or history of significant head trauma with loss of consciousness for ≥ 5 minutes which are all contraindications for TMS. Presence of intracranial implants (e.g. aneurysms clips, shunts, stimulators, cochlear implants, or electrodes), cardiac pacemakers, or vagus nerve stimulation device which are all contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological disorder including, but not limited to: space occupying brain lesion; any history of seizures, history of cerebrovascular accident; fainting, cerebral aneurysm, major neurocognitive disorder, Huntington chorea; multiple sclerosis which are all contraindications for TMS.