Inclusion Criteria:  Males and Females Presenting for comprehensive orthodontic treatment at the Postgraduate orthodontic clinic at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine Unilateral or bilateral ½-cusp to full-cusp Class II molar and canine relationship Growing Patients (~12-17y 11m) Subjects who do not require extractions as part of treatment mechanics Mild to moderate crowding  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients in mixed dentition Any missing teeth up to and including permanent first molars Bilateral molar relationship of less than ½ cusp Class II prior to appliance cementation