Inclusion Criteria:  Adult patients (age ≥18 years), Suspected infection (based on the opinion of the emergency physician), Planned for hospitalization, Willing to give oral informed consent (if required by recruiting center's IRB).  Exclusion Criteria:  Presentation to ED is not due to infection (e.g., autoimmune diseases, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, trauma, intoxication … etc.), Pregnancy, Transferred from another hospitals, Code status is "Do-Not-Resuscitate" (DNR) Initial diagnosis of infection in the ED was not confirmed after finishing of the recruitment and follow-up phase.