Inclusion Criteria  Signed informed consent Ability to understand and follow study procedures and understand informed consent age 18 - 90 years  Exclusion Criteria  Antibiotic treatment within the last month Immuno-/chemotherapy within the past 6 months Immunosuppressive therapy Major medical, neoplastic (with the exception of skin cancer), surgical or psychiatric condition requiring ongoing management. Minor, well-controlled conditions, such as medically controlled arterial hypertension or occupational asthma, may be present. Additional major diagnosis known to affect the gut or bladder microbiota (e. g. liver cirrhosis, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, celiac disease, neuropathic bladder) Major past intestinal surgery, especially in small intestine or colon. Cholecystectomy, appendectomy, past perianal surgery or past hernia repair may be present. Major gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool) Bladder augmentation surgery. Indwelling urinary catheter