Inclusion Criteria:  Preterm infants born less than 37 weeks of gestation Treating physician in charge of admission decides to administer intratracheal surfactant via standardized institution- LISA protocol (regardless of this study) (see Supplement file 1) Written informed consent signed by caregivers or legal representative to participate  Exclusion Criteria:  Refusal to participate in study or not providing written informed consent by caregivers/parents Treating physician decides to use different route of surfactant administration or does not adhere to LISA protocol. Rupture of membranes (ROM) at less than 22 weeks of gestation or more than 6 weeks before birth Estimated birth weight < 3rd percentile using 2013 Fenton growth trajectories Twins with feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) and FFTS being the cause of premature delivery Contraindications listed in the LISAcath® or Nasogastric Tube manual (esophageal/pharyngeal varices or other vascular lesions, esophageal/pharyngeal tumor, nasal fracture, skull fracture, known allergy to material)