Inclusion Criteria:  -COVID positive or suspected/confirmed bacterial infection (lower UTI, pneumonia, septecemia, etc). -Adults 18 years of age and older. -Meet SIRS criteria anytime during the ED presentation.  Exclusion Criteria:  Subjects who are unable to give informed consent will be excluded Subjects with the following conditions will also be excluded: Known white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte disorders Active cancer patients; For solid tumors, subject will be excluded if he/she has received chemotherapy in the last 3 months. Subjects who are pregnant