Inclusion Criteria:  maximum score of 7 on the Wiker seasickness questionnaire in moderate sea conditions, with wave height of 0 - 1.5 m All had been sailing regularly for at least six months before enrolling in the study  Exclusion Criteria:  history of hearing loss otoscopic findings of ear pathology an implanted electrode a finding of vestibulopathy on otoneurologic examination withdrawal by any subject of his informed consent.