Inclusion Criteria:  having reported a fall in the past 5 years, or a near fall in the past year, or a score ≥ 9 on the Short Version of the Falls Efficacy Scale - International Version age ≥ 60 years both sexes spirometrically-confirmed COPD of all disease severity stages being independently ambulatory with or without a gait aid medical clearance by a physician to participate in pulmonary rehabilitation provision of informed consent.  Exclusion Criteria:  having suffered a recent, severe COPD exacerbation (recent is 30 days or less prior to the study baseline) participation in a formal exercise program in the three months prior to the study baseline an inability by the patient to complete all study testing due to physical, psychological, communication-barrier, or other unanticipated reasons.