Inclusion Criteria:  Low back pain ≥ 3 months. Age between 30 and 67 years old. Score ≥ 4 points on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Not being receiving physical therapy.  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) patients with sensory and/or coagulation disorders; (2) a history of spinal surgery; (3) heart complications; (4) concurrent severe central or peripheral nervous system disease; (5) epilepsy; (6) needle phobia; (7) serious pathologies that can be the main cause of chronic LBP (for example, presence of lumbar stenosis, spondylolisthesis, tumours, etc.); (8) or patients contraindicated for radiofrequency (diathermy).