Inclusion Criteria:  The inclusion criteria were being 20-40 years of age; Having a foetus in vertex presentation Having a foetus weighing 2.5-4 kg, as determined through ultrasonography Being primiparous Being between 37 and 42 gestational weeks with a single foetus Having planned to have a spontaneous vaginal delivery Not having used nonpharmacological pain control methods previously Having a cervical dilation less than 5 cm (Dabiri et al., 2014) Not having received analgesia or anaesthesia.  Exclusion Criteria:  Were having a systemic disease during pregnancy (gestational diabetes, hypertension) Taking medication regularly Having a problem that prevented the woman from communicating Undergoing psychiatric treatment (pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy) Requiring an operative vaginal delivery (forceps, vacuum) Receiving pharmacological interventions for labour pain.