Inclusion Criteria:  Adult SLE Patients who fulfilled the 2012 systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) criteria  Exclusion Criteria:  SLE patient aged less than 18 yeares old. Individuals with other autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis dermatomyositis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease). Congestive cardic failure and presence of clupping. Coexisting diabetes mellitus. history of smoking. Patients unable to co-operate for nailfold capillaroscopic examination