Inclusion criteria:  The indications for endoscopic optic nerve decompression surgery included no improvement after intravenous treatment for 24 hours, no evidence of injury in the intracranial portion of the optic nerve, and the presence of bony fragments or hematoma compressing the optic nerve.  TON with best-corrected visual acuity equal to or more than 1.85 logMAR after surgery was considered as severe TON, and those patients managed with endoscopic optic nerve decompression surgery were recruited in this study.  Eligible criteria for the participants were as follows: (1) not receiving other physical therapy regimens aside from this intervention; (2) age 3 to 60 years old; (3) ability to execute simple verbal instructions; (4) not being delirious; (5) having stable vital signs and medical conditions.  Exclusion criteria:  The exclusion criteria included severe diffuse brain damage, and/or severe cardiac and pulmonary disease, which were contraindicated in rehabilitation procedure.