Inclusion Criteria:  Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (based on Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guideline diagnostic criteria) in the previous 12 months. Age 8 years and above (as per our pilot trial and able to complete the required tests).  Exclusion Criteria:  Regular use of medications or supplements that could affect gut microbiota (examples: antibiotics, probiotic or prebiotic supplements, laxatives) within 3 months prior to enrollment. Previous intestinal surgery. Another chronic medical condition that could affect gut microbiota or intestinal permeability (examples: Crohn's disease, Celiac disease, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome) Presence of active infection, pregnancy or lactation.