Inclusion Criteria:  ≥ 6 months of back pain on a daily basis; male or female with no racial or ethnic restrictions; 18 to 75 years old; average back pain intensity > 4/10 at study entry; must be able to read, understand, and sign consent form; generally healthy.  Exclusion Criteria:  back pain with fever, chills, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute vertebral fractures, history of tumor in the back; back surgery within the past 6 months; Chronic neurologic conditions, e.g., Parkinson's involvement in litigation regarding back pain; other severe medical diseases; pregnancy; positive urinary screen for any recreational drugs, opioids use; use of anticoagulants (low dose ASA allowed); history of gastric ulcer; renal insufficiency or congestive heart failure, contraindication to MRI, contraindication to TMS; including history of seizure/epilepsy* Any medical condition that in the investigator's judgment may prevent the individual from completing the study or put the individual at undue risk; In the judgment of the investigator, unable or unwilling to follow protocol and instructions; Diagnosis of major depression; Intra-axial implants (e.g. spinal cord stimulators or pumps)