Inclusion Criteria:  aged ≥30 years clinically diagnosed with mild to moderate periodontitis self-reported type-2 DM for ≥2 years confirmed by a physician with HbA1c levels ≥6.5% patients who complied with the treatment protocol.  Exclusion Criteria:  (i) pregnancy and lactation (ii) who had taken antibiotics in the previous 3 months (iii) who had undergone periodontal therapy or any decontamination treatment in their oral cavity in the previous 6 months (iv) former/current smokers (v) failure to provide a signed informed consent.