Inclusion Criteria:  Diagnosis of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Diagnosis of non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of greater than (>) 10 and less than (<) 60 milliliters/minute/1.73 meters^2 (mL/min/1.73 m^2) or diagnosis of dialysis dependent (DD) CKD Mean hemoglobin (Hb) between 9.0 and 12.0 grams/deciliters (g/dL) (inclusive) Transferrin Saturation ≥ 20%  Exclusion Criteria:  Anemia due to a cause other than CKD Active bleeding or recent clinically significant blood loss History of sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, bone marrow fibrosis, hematologic malignancy, myeloma, hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, or pure red cell aplasia Red Blood Cells transfusion within 4 weeks Serum albumin level less than 2.5 g/dL Uncontrolled hypertension Active malignancy or treatment for malignancy within the past 2 years prior to Screening Evidence of iron overload or diagnosis of hemochromatosis Known hypersensitivity to vadadustat or any excipients in vadadustat tablet