For participation in pneumococcal carriage surveys:  Inclusion criteria:  Aged 1-9 years Residing in the villages included in the study Parent or caretaker provides informed consent for the child to participate in the study  Exclusion criteria:  Head or facial injuries that contraindicate nasopharyngeal swabbing Any condition or criteria, including acute or chronic clinically significant abnormality that in the opinion of the investigator might compromise the wellbeing of the participant or interfere with the outcome of the study  For participation in mass vaccination campaigns (with full or fractional dose PCV10)  Inclusion criteria:  Aged 1-9 years Residing in the villages included in the study and allocated to vaccination Head of the household or main caretaker provides consent for the child to be vaccinated  Exclusion criteria:  Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, including diphtheria toxoid Vaccination with a PCV vaccine within the previous 4 weeks, as there should be a minimum of 4 weeks between doses Moderate or severe febrile illness (temperature ≥39°C) is a temporal contraindication and the child should not be vaccinated until improvement Any condition or criteria, including acute or chronic clinically significant abnormality that in the opinion of the clinical staff might compromise the wellbeing of the volunteer