Inclusion Criteria:  age: 45-85 years primary unilateral THA for hip osteoarthritis signed informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  people with clinically unstable serious diseases (e.g., heart or lung disease) secondary THA replacement on the same side hip replacement for neoplasm, proximal femoral fracture, or other causes out of osteoarthritis contemporary bilateral replacement cancer presence of neurological diseases previous or following surgery congenital abnormalities patients with THA infection diabetes psychotropic drugs assumption for pain management