Inclusion Criteria:  Patient is scheduled to undergo mini-PCNL and/or RIRS surgery at the University of Rochester Medical Center for the management of upper urinary tract calculi (i.e. kidney and proximal ureter) Stones located in the kidney and proximal ureter Stones measuring 10-30mm Ability to give informed consent Any racial or ethnic origin Age 18 years and older  Exclusion Criteria:  Active kidney infection Patients with prior stenting Pregnant patients Patients with solitary kidney Patients with ureteral tumor or stricture Inability to give informed consent Not age 18 and older