Inclusion Criteria:  Age 18-75 Undergoing one of 3 procedure types: 1) 2 or more levels of MIS decompression (e.g., discectomy, foraminotomy, laminectomy); 2) 1-3 levels of MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) (with or without additional levels of MIS decompression for no greater than 3 total operative levels); 3) 1-3 levels of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) or MIS lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) accompanied by posterior percutaneous instrumentation at the same levels Willing and able to give consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Opioid tolerant at the time of the surgical procedure--defined as consuming greater than 30mg of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) daily (https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/prescribing/guideline.html) Presence of an indwelling pain device (e.g., intrathecal opioid pump, spinal cord stimulator, dorsal root ganglion stimulator) Known allergy to bupivacaine, clonidine or similar local anesthetics Indication for surgery other than degenerative disease (e.g., neoplasm, infection, trauma) Chronic kidney disease (stage 3 or greater), or hepatic failure Active pregnancy Disease process or mental illness that would preclude accurate evaluation of pain in the perioperative period Active Worker's Compensation litigation