Inclusion Criteria:  - Women aged 60 years or older living in the community.  Exclusion Criteria:  Any recent upper body (hand, wrist, shoulder, trunk, neck) injury or painful joint problem that limited day to day activities or resulted in pain on a daily basis, A prior distal radius fracture in the past 2 years, Any fracture in the past year, or multiple fractures of the wrist or forearm, Any history of UE neurological problems (i.e. Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Reflex Neuropathy), Any cardio-vascular problems that would contradict UE strength testing or training, Any signs of severe cognitive impairment or Unable to safely ambulate independently (with or without a walking aid) in the community.  A medical and demographic screening questionnaire as well as the Mini-Cog (Borson et al, 2000) were used to determine eligibility.