Inclusion Criteria:  At least two consecutive eGFR laboratory tests with values ≥30 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (Stage 3A or 3B) that are >90 and ≤730 days apart. The index date is the date of the second eGFR measure meeting the criteria for stage 3 CKD At least 12 months of continuous presence in the database or registration in the data prior to the first qualifying eGFR (for data sources with information on enrolment) Age ≥18 years at index date  Exclusion Criteria:  Solid organ transplant before the study index date Any evidence of advanced CKD (stage 4, 5) based on CKD diagnostic codes, or renal replacement therapy before the index date