Inclusion Criteria:  Diagnosis of T2DM Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥8.0% A previous inactive lifestyle Not receiving insulin or diabetic medications except for metformin Metformin dosage of 1000-1500 mg daily.  Exclusion Criteria:  Cancer Pregnancy Corticosteroid medications Uncontrolled systemic diseases Any physical limits that affect exercise training