Inclusion Criteria:  Patients and normal volunteers with ages between 18 and 80 years old. Clinical radiological neurological stability in acute CNS diseases (≥ 3 months after ACD). Best distant binocular visual acuity, equal or greater than 0.5 (Decimal Scale). Best close binocular visual acuity, equal or greater than 20/40.Glasses or soft contact lenses users.  Exclusion Criteria:  Presence of visual heminegligence evaluated with clock drawing test and line bisection test. Presence of visual agnosia: Poppelreuter-Ghent © test. Presence of cognitive deficit: mini mental state examination (MMSE), with sufficient residual hearing capacity. Medical history, or presence after ophthalmic examination of: maculopathy, advanced cataracts, ophthalmological diseases affecting central visual acuity or macular fixation. Healthy control subjects should have normal monocular perimetry using standard Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) Central 30-2 Humphrey® Perimeter Test .