Inclusion Criteria:  (1) age ranges from 20 to 90 years old, (2) history of unilateral ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke for more than 6 months, (3) without severe weakness on affected side and able to catch things with affected hand, (4) have neuropathic pain and/or sensory deficits occurring in the hemiplegic extremity (Visual Analog Scale ≥ 3), and (5) do not have cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 24).  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) pain caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy, peripheral neuropathy, structural lesions or due to psychological issues, (2) a personal history of seizure or family history of epilepsy, (3) metal implanted in the brain, (4) implanted pacemaker, (5) history of neurological or psychological diseases other than stroke, (6) a history of head surgery or brain injury, (7) unstable migraine or tinnitus that is not under medication control, (8) aphasia, (9) pregnancy or breastfeeding, (10) poor response to present medication, (11) under medication that may influence central nerve system (e.g. reducing threshold of seizure), (12) skin sensitive to the application of electrical current, (13) sleep deprivation, or (14) severe or recent heart diseases.