Inclusion Criteria:  Women underwent a total laparoscopic hysterectomy with or without additional surgery, such as salpingo-oophorectomy, salpingectomy, or pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy  Exclusion Criteria:  those who refused to give consent inability to understand the research questionnaire severe psychiatric or mental disorders American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification > III conversion to laparotomy.