Inclusion Criteria:  Patients admitted to emergency department with a ICD-9-CM diagnosis of traumatic liver or spleen injury (codes 8640x, 8641x, 8650x, 8651x) Abdominal AIS ≥ 2 CT scan or operating theatre admission performed within 180 minutes from ED admission  Exclusion Criteria:  Death before CT scan or OR/Angio suite admission (missing primary outcome measure) Transferred to other hospitals before CT scan or operating room admission Missing data