Inclusion Criteria:  The patient is male or female patients, 21 to 90 years of age at the time of signature of the informed consent form. The patient has clinically AND histologically proven HCC. The patient has R0 or R1 resection on histology. The patient has Child-Pugh <= 7 points without clinical ascites before surgery. The patient has ECOG performance status 0-1 before surgery. The patient is scheduled for liver resection within 6 weeks of signing screening informed consent form. The patient has received no anti-cancer specific treatment for HCC before the surgery (eg. previous liver resection, loco-regional therapy such as RFA, TACE, SIRT, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy), other than the planned surgery. However, patient who has received previous HCC resection more than 5 years ago is deemed to have a de-novo liver tumour and therefore can be included. The patient is able to comply with scheduled visits, assessments and other study procedures. The patient is willing to provide informed consent before enrolment in the study.  Exclusion Criteria:  The patient has previous or concomitant malignancies at other sites, except effectively treated non-melanoma skin cancers or carcinoma in situ of the cervix or effectively treated malignancy that has been in remission for over 5 years and highly likely to have been cured. The patient has active hepatic encephalopathy at time of enrolment. The patient has received a major organ allograft. The patient is known to be positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The patient has an uncontrolled bleeding disorder. The patient has uncontrolled congestive heart failure or hypertension, unstable heart disease (coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction) or uncontrolled arrhythmia at the time of enrolment. The patient has psychiatric or addictive disorders that may compromise his/her ability to give informed consent, or to comply with the study procedures. The patient has other concurrent severe medical problems, unrelated to the malignancy, that would significantly limit full compliance with the study or expose the patient to unacceptable risk. The patient has received any investigational or non-registered medicinal product (drug or vaccine) within the 30 days preceding the date of enrolment, or plans to receive such a drug during the study period. For female patients: the patient is pregnant or lactating. The patient is unable to provide informed consent or refuse blood taking. The patient has any other condition which, in the opinion of the Investigators, would make the patient unsuitable for enrolment or could interfere with completion of the study.