Inclusion Criteria:  The inclusion criteria :  implant recipient sites free from any pathological conditions. Patients who were cooperative, motivated and hygiene conscious were selected. non smoker patients  exclusion criteria :  Patients unable to undergo minor oral surgical procedures patients with a history of drug abuse or catabolic drugs were not included. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorder and those with unrealistic expectations about the aesthetic outcome of implant therapy were also excluded. Patients with insufficient vertical inter-arch space, on centric occlusion, to accommodate the available restorative components . Uncontrolled diabetic patients Patient who had any systemic condition that may contraindicate implant therapy (impaired wound healing - bleeding disorders patients who had any habits that might jeopardise the osseointegration process, such as heavy smoking and alcoholism. Patients with para-functional habits that produce overload on the implant, such as bruxism and clenching were excluded.