Inclusion Criteria:  At least six months post-onset of a single left-hemisphere stroke Chronic aphasia Anomia (word-retrieval deficits) Native English Speaker.  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe motor speech disorders Severe auditory comprehension deficits Severe depression. Diffuse injury or disease of the brain Uncorrected vision or hearing difficulties Contraindications for MRI (e.g. cardiac pacemaker, ferrous metal implants, claustrophobia, pregnancy).