Inclusion Criteria:  Mothers, whose children underwent first elective cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease Mothers should have been the primary caregivers Mothers able to communicate effectively, either orally or in writing  Exclusion Criteria:  Mothers of children with genetic disorders Mothers of children with non-cardiac congenital anomalies Mothers of children with diseases such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, and * * Mothers of children with chronic lung diseases