Inclusion Criteria:  Has an eligible vascular access device with needle-free connectors in situ or will have one placed Note: This covers all needle-free devices, including central venous catheters, peripheral IV catheters and arterial VADs Is expected to receive VAD therapy for a minimum of 7 days Is expected to be available for regular observation from consent until end of study Able and willing to provide informed consent or legal authorized representative (LAR) authorized to give consent on behalf of the participant  Exclusion Criteria:  BD PureHub™ Disinfecting Cap or any other disinfecting cap placed prior to study participation Presence of any infection, bacteremia, or septicemia is known or suspected Any condition which, in the opinion of the Investigator, precludes the participant from participation in this study