Inclusion Criteria:  patients undergoing elective VATS lobectomy early stage NSCLC (up to T3N1M0)  Exclusion Criteria:  Immunocompromised patients previous lung surgery preoperative corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drug use uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus cardiac failure (NYHA 3 and 4) preoperative infection (CRP >5mg/ml, WBC >10x10^9/L) preoperative anemia (Hb<12g/dl) chronic inflammatory diseases inflammatory bowel disease  Group-specific exclusion criteria:  OFA-Α: perioperative opioid administration, within the study period OBA-Α: perioperative dexmedetomidine or lidocaine infusion, ketamine, gabapentinoid or corticosteroid administration within the study period