Inclusion Criteria:  unilateral transtibial or transfemoral amputation due to traumatic, dysvascular, or oncologic causes, 18 years of age or older, one or more years of using a prosthesis (i.e., established users), could walk independently for a minimum of 10 m).  Exclusion Criteria:  ambulate at least 10 m without an upper extremity assistive device (e.g., cane), have an orthopedic or neurological disease that might influence balance, with complications to their contralateral leg (e.g., joint replacement, arthritis, or wounds), have severe vision and hearing impairment, amputation of a second limb and individuals with stump wounds and gait problems