Inclusion Criteria:  routine living donor liver transplantation recipients needing pulmonary artery catheterization who have been informed and given consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with atrial fibrillation Contraindications to pulmonary artery catheterization or needing attention to insertion of pulmonary artery catheter: right-sided endocarditis, tumors, right sided valvular disease, left bundle branch block Patients with obstructive vascular disease in the upper extremities, anatomical deformities in the upper extremities, Raynaud syndrome, etc.