Inclusion Criteria:  Gestational ages (GA) ≤ 32 weeks Current age between 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and 2 years corrected age Severe BPD [as per National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus definition] diagnosed at 36 weeks postmenstrual age Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for ongoing lung disease Not expected to be ready for extubation within 11 days following enrollment Parental consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe congenital anomalies Known diaphragmatic defect Current treatment with high frequency mechanical ventilation Do not resuscitate (DNR) Status or Futility of Care >10% leak around the artificial airway, Treatment with neuromuscular blockade within 72 hours prior to enrollment Acute respiratory instability defined as a ventilator rate increase > 15 beats per minute (bpm), Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increase > 2 cm/water (H2O), sustained FiO2 increase > 20%, and/or prescribed increase in tidal volume > 2 mL/kg within 24 hours prior to enrollment will be excluded.