Inclusion Criteria:  - Chronic specific or nonspecific musculoskeletal pain for at least 3 months  Exclusion Criteria:  New diagnosis within the last 3 months of:  Degenerative diseases (e.g., herniated disc, spinal stenosis) Neurological diseases (e.g., neuropathies, multiple sclerosis) Injuries of the spinal column (e.g. due to whiplash, vertebral body fractures, operations)  Or severe concurrent diagnosis of:  Severe comorbid mental illness (e.g. addiction, severe depression) Severe comorbid physical illness (e.g. cancer diagnosis within the last 5 years, severe preexisting disease of the cardiovascular system, insufficiency of other organs (kidney, liver, etc.), acute febrile infection, other severe neurological diseases such as epilepsy) Pregnancy Current pension application (for work incapacity, occupational disability, reduction in earning capacity, severe disability) Simultaneous participation in other clinical trials