Inclusion Criteria:  Persistent AF Rate controlled (resting ventricular rate <110 bpm) Able to do a symptom limited exercise test At least 40 years of age Self-reports being symptomatic in the past 4 weeks If female, self-reports being post-menopausal Able to read and understand English or French Agrees to sign informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Currently participating in routine exercise training Unstable angina or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; or established diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe mitral or aortic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with significant obstruction Unable to access the Internet or a phone (iPhone and iPad require iOS version 10.0 and up, Android requires version 6.0 and up) during the study period Has an automated external defibrillator, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or other types of pacemaker Unwilling or unable to complete the three conditions Unable to provide written, informed consent