Inclusion Criteria:  patients waiting for a surgical intervention in the Departments of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery and Neurosurgery; age ≥ 18 years.  Exclusion Criteria:  having a poor knowledge of the Italian language; having a cognitive impairment; having a certified psychiatric diagnosis; having a certified diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease (i.e., Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, etc.) having been in psychiatric or psychological therapy in the last 6 months