Inclusion Criteria:  Aged ≥15 years Be newly diagnosed with HIV Ability to speak and understand English or Kinyarwanda Consented to be part of both case-based surveillance (CBS) (which includes PNS) and recency surveillance under the separate, approved CBS protocol. Give voluntary written informed consent for data collection via semi-structured interview and survey instruments Give voluntary written informed consent for use of routinely collected data Be female if they are received at the facility at the same time as their partner (for intimate partner violence objective only).  Exclusion Criteria:  Opt out or do not consent, or are unable to consent to participate in semi-structured interviews and completion of survey instruments Have a history of testing HIV positive (i.e., not newly diagnosed with HIV) Report antiretroviral drug (ARV) use for HIV management at any point during the HIV testing service (HTS) visit