Inclusion Criteria:  possessing a recent (i.e., performed within 24 months) bidimensional radiograph (orthopantomography or periapical status) or programmed to perform the radiographic exam; speaking Italian fluently.  Exclusion Criteria:  history of a previous periodontal diagnosis; conditions (es. psychiatric diseases, alcohol abuse) or drug exposures (e.g., antidepressants) that may influence the results of psychological questionnaires; lack of a recent (i.e., performed within 24 months) bidimensional radiograph and not able/willing to provide the exam (e..g., due to pregnancy); not presenting at two programmed study visits consecutively; pre-treatment HADS score indicative of clinical depression.