Inclusion Criteria:  Control group I: Participants with clinically normal oral mucosa and no evidence of any cancer risk factor as smoking and alcohol consumption. Compare group II: Participants with potentially malignant (leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, smoker keratosis and erythroplakia) Compare group III: Participants diagnosed with malignant disorders. All age range will be included irrespective of their sex.  Exclusion Criteria:  • Individuals who had a recent viral infection or had undergone radiation therapy.  Those patients were excluded from the control group who had any history of tobacco intake or alcohol consumption and under medications.