Inclusion Criteria:  18 or more years old agree to take part in the study and provide formal online consent after having been assessed as capable of providing informed consent by the osteopath Being fluent enough in English to be able to understand content of consent forms (and participate in osteopathic treatment without an interpreter) Presenting with non-specific low back pain of a duration of a minimum of 12 weeks) NRS score between 5 and 9 on a 11-point scale PSFS score between 2 and 7 at baseline Who can be contacted by email Available for an appointment within two days around the randomisation date  Exclusion Criteria:  Under 18 Lacking capacity to give consent Presenting with low back pain with a known or suspected pathological cause (e.g. infection, cancer or fracture) People for whom osteopathic treatment may be contra-indicated (as assessed by the osteopath in the initial consultation) or who disclose information during their course of treatment which requires referral for other medical investigations or care LBP of less than 12 weeks NRS score below 5 or above 9 PSFS score above below 2 or above 7 Patients providing less than 3 data points during baseline