Training and Validation cohort.  Inclusion Criteria:  (1) age above or equal to 18-year-old, (2) fulfilled diagnosis of cACLD based on radiological, histological features of severe fibrosis or cirrhosis according to the Baveno VI consensus.  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) prior hepatic decompensation, (2) hepatocellular carcinoma, (3) prior liver transplantation, (4) portal vein thrombosis, (5) antiplatelet or anticoagulation, (6) without screening endoscopy within six months of transient elastography, (7) alcoholic cirrhosis with significant ongoing alcohol intake, (8) presence of gastric varix, (9) incomplete follow-up data.  HVPG cohort.  Inclusion Criteria:  (1) age above or equal to 18-year-old, (2) fulfilled diagnosis of cACLD based on radiological, histological features of severe fibrosis or cirrhosis according to the Baveno VI consensus.  Exclusion Criteria:  (1) prior hepatic decompensation, (2) hepatocellular carcinoma, (3) prior liver transplantation, (4) portal vein thrombosis, (5) antiplatelet or anticoagulation, (6) without screening endoscopy within six months of transient elastography, (7) alcoholic cirrhosis with significant ongoing alcohol intake, (8) presence of gastric varix, (9) non-sinusoidal portal hypertension.