Inclusion Criteria:  • Patients within age range 20-40 years.  Male/Female Mature permanent first and second molar teeth (maxillary and mandibular) Non-vital teeth (As defined in operational definitions)  Exclusion Criteria:  • Any contraindication to local anesthesia, e.g. known allergy  Pregnancy. endodontic re-treatment cases Any physical or mental condition that would prevent jaw opening for the time required to complete the treatment. Local acute infection/periapical radiolucency (diagnosed clinically, radio graphically )