Inclusion Criteria:  Age 18 years and above Both genders. Teeth selection: Mandibular first and second molars needing extraction under local anaesthesia. Healthy patients or those with well controlled systemic disease. Patients consenting to participate in the study.  Exclusion criteria:  Patients younger than 18 years. Mandibular third molars, acutely inflamed or infected first and second molars. Pregnant patients and those with poorly controlled systemic disease. Mentally handicapped patients. Patients not consenting to participate in the study.