Inclusion Criteria:  Ischemic stroke due to large-artery atherosclerosis has been proved by clinical symptoms and imaging examinations. Symptomatic superior arch stenosis >50% Asymptomatic superior arch stenosis was >70% written informed consent was obtained from patients or their surrogates before enrollment.  Exclusion Criteria:  Brain CT or MRI showing cerebral hemorrhage (excluded ischemic stroke with hemorrhage transformation) With severe systemic disease, are expected to survive < 3 months Patients will not able to provide continuous follow-up information