Inclusion Criteria:  Cooperative pediatric patients aged 5-10 years, Deep carious lesion in mandibular primary second molars, The subjects did not receive any antiinflammatory medication 3 months prior to the study, Feasible restorative treatment, Positive parental informed consent.  Exclusion Criteria:  Uncooperative children, Children with medically compromised disease, Presence of pathological root resorption and/or bone defect, Physiological root resorption more than one-third of the root, Unrestorable teeth, Negative parental informed consent.