Inclusion Criteria:  Age: ≥18 but ≤45 years premenopausal/eumenorrheic and not pregnant or breastfeeding non-obese (body mass index ≥18.5<30.0 kg/m2) Fasting triglyceride 100-150 mg/dL Cholesterol <220 mg/dL LDL-cholesterol <120 mg/dL HDL-cholesterol >40 mg/dL in men and >50 mg/dL in women  Additional inclusion criteria for control subjects:  Fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL Plasma glucose 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose challenge <140 mg/dL HbA1c <5.6%.  Additional inclusion criteria for subjects with T1DM:  stable insulin regimen (multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin) for at least 8 weeks before screening no use of diabetes medications other than insulin HbA1c <6.5%, basal (overnight fasted) and peak post-meal challenge C-peptide in plasma <0.2 nM no severe symptomatic hypoglycemic event associated with a seizure or requiring help from other people or a medical facility in the 6 months prior to screening or metabolic testing  Exclusion Criteria:  more than 1.5 h of structured exercise/week use of tobacco products, excessive amounts of alcohol, or dietary supplements and/or medications known to affect lipid metabolism hypothyroidism or other disorders known to affect lipid metabolism conditions that would make it impossible to complete the study protocol