Inclusion Criteria:  Six healthy, ambulant, community-dwelling men and women aged between 18 to 55 years old and with no history of major chronic disease will be recruited from the Perth general population.  Exclusion Criteria:  Individuals volunteering to participate in the study will be excluded according to the following criteria:  current or recent (<12 months) smoking body mass index (BMI) <18 or > 35 kg/m2 systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg any major illness such as cancer, psychiatric illness, diagnosed diabetes use of any of the following medications: statins, antihypertensives, nitric oxide donors, antithrombotic medication, anti-coagulant medication, anti-arrhythmic drugs, beta-blockers, regular aspirin use, regular proton pump inhibitor use alcohol consumption > 30g/day who are pregnant, lactating, or wishing to become pregnant during the study use of antibiotics within the previous 12 weeks of the study regular use of mouthwash and not willing to cease mouthwash use for the duration of the study participation on other research studies major gastrointestinal tract condition e.g. Crohns disease and inflammatory bowel disease and inability or unwillingness to follow the study protocol.