Inclusion Criteria:  Age greater than or equal to 18 Capable of giving informed consent. Scheduled for laparoscopic urologic surgery: Partial nephrectomy, Nephrectomy  Exclusion Criteria:  Unfit for surgery: concomitant disorders incompatible with the study or surgery (at the discretion of the investigator) Patients with contraindications to undergo laparoscopic surgery. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class* >3 Advanced cirrhosis with failure of hepatic function Patients who have participated in another interventional clinical study in the last month. Pregnancy Unable to consent (due to cultural, language or neurological barriers)