Inclusion Criteria:  Age between 18-80 years old. After clinical diagnosis of CRC (stage I-III), the doctor has recommended and arranged for CRC surgery  Exclusion Criteria:  Clinical diagnosis of stage IV CRC. Current gastrointestinal illness other than gastroesophageal reflux disease or hemorrhoids (such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorptive bariatric procedures, etc.). Chronic liver or kidney disease. History of cardiac disease. Positive genetic test for inherited polyposis syndromes (such as familial adenomatous polyps, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndromes, etc). Alcoholism or illicit drug use. Antibiotic use within the past 2 months. Dietary supplement use including pre- or probiotics within the past month. History of intestinal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, or malabsorptive bariatric surgery. Inflammatory or connective tissue disease (such as lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.).