Inclusion criteria:  We used all eligible Marketscan beneficiaries with an asthma diagnosis and omalizumab use between 07/07/2016 - 12/31/2018 (index period). Continuous enrollment in the Marketscan database was required to ensure the availability of claims data to capture study outcomes and covariates.  Omalizumab cohort was defined as ≥1 prescription claims within the index period, with the date of first dispensing deemed the index date. Asthma was defined by ≥1 diagnosis code in any available diagnosis field on or prior to index date.  ICD-9-CM: 493.xx OR ICD-10-CM: J45.x  6-11 years of age at the time of index ≥12-months pre-index and ≥12-months post-index continuous eligibility in medical and pharmacy benefits Enrollment gap of ≤30 days will be considered continuous enrollment  Exclusion criteria:  Patients were excluded from the study if they had one or more of the following:  Bronchial Thermoplasty at any time during data capture. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT): 31660, 31661 Prior asthma-indicated biologic use during the 12 months pre or post-index  Omalizumab:  NDC: 50242004062; 50242004201 or HCPCS: J2357; S0107; C9217  Mepolizumab:  NDC: 00173088101, 00173088185 or HCPCS: J2182  Reslizumab:  NDC: 5931061031 or HCPCS: J2786  Benralizumab:  NDC: 0310173030 or HCPCS: C9466  Dupilumab:  NDC: 0024591400 or 0024591800