Inclusion Criteria:  Controls: male between the ages of 18 and 70 gave oral consent to undergo visceral surgery  Non-diabetic obese subjects:  male 18 to 70 years of age BMI > 30 gave oral consent to undergo visceral surgery  Obese diabetic subjects:  male aged 18 to 70 years type 2 diabetic not treated with Insulin or GLP-1 agonist BMI > 30 gave oral consent to undergo visceral surgery  Exclusion Criteria:  Controls: Person not covered by national health insurance. BMI > 30 diabetes associated condition: cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases protected adult  Non-diabetic obese subjects:  Person not covered by national health insurance diabetes associated condition: cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, protected adult  Obese diabetic subjects:  Person not covered by national health insurance associated condition: cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, type 1 diabetes secondary diabetes protected adult