Inclusion Criteria:  age of onset between 3- and 18-year-old typical clinical manifestation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical manifestation confirmed by specific biochemical analysis or by genetic testing who presented to pediatric department and neurology outpatient clinic during the period of study.  Exclusion Criteria:  children with another congenital muscular dystrophy children with other types of myopathies presence of CNS disorders such as brain insult & spinal muscular atrophy female gender