Inclusion Criteria:  Case group:  1.Any male or female patient aged 18 or older. 2.Able to provide urine specimen (100ml for both first void and non-first-void urine) before treatments. 3.Diagnosed with incident upper tract urothelial carcinoma (including renal pelvis carcinoma and ureteral carcinoma) by surgery. 4.Able to provide legally effective informed consent.  Control group:  1.Any male or female patient aged 18 or older. 2.Able to provide urine specimen (100ml for both first void and non-first-void urine) before treatments. 3.Diagnosed with urinary disease such as ureteral/renal calculi, ureteral stricture, upper urinary tract polyps, pyelonephritis, urinary tuberculosis. 4.Able to provide legally effective informed consent.  Exclusion Criteria:  1.Patients had been diagnosed with cancer history. 2.Patients diagnosed with cancers unmatched with inclusion criteria cancers.