Inclusion Criteria:  • Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study  Not currently taking any medications Males between the ages of 18 - 60 BMI ≥ 30 kg·m2 FBG ≥ 6 mmol/L ≤ 7mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol 48 ≤ mmol/mol  Exclusion Criteria:  • Specify any diseases/disorders/ conditions that would preclude entry into the study  Females History or current psychiatric illness History or current neurological condition (e.g. epilepsy) Having taken part in a research study in the last 3 months involving invasive procedures or an inconvenience allowance (this must remain for ALL UoN FMHS UREC approved studies) A BMI < 30kg·m2 FBG >7mmol/L/ or HbA1c >48mmol/mol Metabolic disease; Active inflammatory bowel disease Chronic kidney disease Malignancy Recent (6 mo) steroid/ hormone therapy Clotting dysfunction Musculoskeletal/ neurological disorders Active cardiovascular disease or recent cardiac event Respiratory disease (not including well-controlled asthma)