Inclusion Criteria:  stage 3 chronic unilateral secondary leg lymphedema aged 20-70 years underwent 1-2 cycle of treatment of decongestive phase with current inter-limb volume difference of more than 10% stable limb-volume change (within 10%) during the preceding 3 months capacity for self-maintenance care for lymphedema (multilayer limb bandaging, compression garments, and MLD)  Exclusion Criteria:  bilateral leg lymphedema current cancer metastasis ongoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy acute inflammation venous thrombosis, or chronic venous insufficiency systemic etiologies of edema congestive heart failure patients taking medication that influenced body fluid or electrolytes