Inclusion Criteria:  age 18-75 years at time of recruitment. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9-15 at the time of informed consent. non-penetrating TBI resulting from an external force. diagnosed within 1 week after onset of TBI. provision of informed written consent.  Exclusion Criteria:  acute suspected stroke, neurosurgery, stroke or TIA within the last 30 days. neurodegenerative disease or other neurological disorder including dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, seizure disorder, brain tumors. a history of a previous brain injury, or a history of concurrent substance or alcohol abuse; the manifestation of TBI caused by medications, alcohol, drugs for other injuries (such as systemic injuries, facial injuries, or intubation). pregnancy or breastfeeding. Patients with contraindications to MRI scanning (such as patients with metal implants in their bodies, cardiac pacemakers, dentures, etc.) participation in a clinical research study with potential to affect the results of this study