Inclusion Criteria: Degenerative pathologies (one or multiple of the following: spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disease, recurrent disc herniation, failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), radiculopathy, pseudarthrosis). Patients are required to give informed consent. Only patients aged 18 or older are considered for inclusion.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients undergoing surgery for - as the primary indication - infections, vertebral tumors, as well as traumatic and osteoporotic fractures or deformity surgery for scoliosis or kyphosis are not eligible. Patients with moderate or severe scoliosis (Coronal Cobb's >30 degrees / Schwab classification sagittal modifier + or ++) are not eligible. Patients undergoing surgery at more than 6 vertebral levels are also not eligible. Patients with missing endpoint data at 12 months will be excluded.