Inclusion Criteria:  Participants who underwent thoracotomy in our clinic in 2019-2020 Participants signing an informed consent form  Exclusion Criteria:  Thoracic wall tumor Invasion of the thoracic wall by extrathoracic malignancy Pleural pathology History of previous rib fracture History of previous thoracotomy History of thoracic radiotherapy Emergency surgery Simultaneous incisions other than thoracotomy