Inclusion Criteria:  patients with left-sided active infective endocarditis (IE) satisfying modified Duke Criteria, patients who underwent both digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and brainMRI (as part of routine care) DSA protocol with 3D rotational for both carotids and one vertebral artery MRI/MRA standardized protocol including at least: Diffusion, FLAIR, 3D SWI, 3DT1SE and post gadolinium 3DT1SE and 3D TOF (large field: from the vertex to the magnum foramen).  Exclusion Criteria:  uncertain diagnosis of IE by infectious disease consultants patients with chronic IE MRI performed after the completion of Infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIA) treatment MRI performed without contrast injection or complete protocol More than 48-hours delay between performing MRI and DSA