Inclusion Criteria:  individuals 20 Years and older Patients requiring single implants to replace missing teeth to restore masticatory function and esthetics. ASA1 or ASA2 (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Healthy individuals with good oral hygiene and motivation No systemic uncontrolled diseases Not taking drugs known to modify bone metabolism  Exclusion Criteria:  Individuals with untreated & generalized severe periodontitis Smokers (>5 cigarettes/day) Poor oral hygiene Diabetes (HbA1C >6.5% as cutoff value) Uncontrolled cardiovascular disease Poor overall health (ASA IV)