Inclusion Criteria:  Individuals with COPD as defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) guidelines,2 40-80 years old, were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Moewardi and Mohammad Rabain hospitals. All subjects had to be in stable conditions as assessed by absence of worsening in symptoms, i.e. no change in cough, and/or sputum beyond day-to-day variability which would have been sufficient to warrant a change in the management prescribed at discharge from hospitals or prescribed at home by their GP, and stability in blood gas values (e.g. no respiratory acidosis).  Exclusion Criteria:  Individuals refusing to participate, participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program during the previous 6 months, or with active malignancy, previous lung surgery, unstable cardiovascular diseases, orthopaedic and/or neuromuscular diseases interfering with their ability to walk, or inability to connect with internet and operate WhatsApp video call applications were excluded.