Inclusion Criteria:  Patients who met all of the following criteria were included in the case group:  At least 14 years old. Sepsis onset at least 5 hours after ICU admission. Sepsis onset is the first instance since admission to the hospital.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients meeting all of the following criteria were included in the control group:  At least 14 years old. Patients staying in ICU for at least 5 hours and have not had sepsis in this time. Patients without ICD-9 codes for sepsis (785·52, 995·91, 995·92). SOFA score change is not more than 1 point in an arbitrary continuous 72 hours in the ICU stay.