Inclusion Criteria:  Infants with corrected gestational age between term age and 24 months of age at study enrollment Radiologically-confirmed acute unilateral or bilateral brain lesions, including perinatal stroke, neonatal hemorrhagic or thrombotic stroke, involving the motor cortex and/or subcortical structures, and intracranial hemorrhage, involving the motor cortex and/or subcortical white matter, or periventricular leukomalacia English-speaking parent/legal guardian (able to provide consent)  Exclusion Criteria:  Other neurologic disorders unrelated to perinatal stroke Metabolic disorders Neoplasm Disorders of Cellular Migration and Proliferation Acquired Traumatic Brain Injury Received surgeries that may constrain current spontaneous movements Indwelling metal or incompatible medical devices, or other contraindications for MRI or TMS assessment Apneic episodes and syncope (known heart defects) for the safety of participants in the study Supplemental ventilation Uncontrolled seizure