Inclusion Criteria:  Subjects in this study were males and female between the ages of 20 to 65 years with chronic lower back pain (> 3 months). Exclusion Criteria:  Exclusion Criteria:  were not meeting the age requirement having pain less than three months having conditions that would be a contraindication for the grade I-II PA spinal oscillations Those with known neurological conditions making EEG measures unreliable.