Inclusion Criteria:  Female children aged 6 months to 12 years who had rectovestibular fistulae that had been treated by a single-stage repair were included in this study.  Exclusion Criteria:  Exclusion criteria were patients with recurrence, previous anorectal surgery. Patients with anovestibular fistulae. Patients with rectoperineal fistulas. Patients with cognitive impairment.