Inclusion Criteria:  ages between 18 and 65 years a diagnosis of low back pain with onset > 12 weeks based on the evaluation by physician average pain intensity score of ≥ 3 on NPRS.  Exclusion Criteria:  they have acute disc prolapse or protusion with neurological sign and symptoms in the past 3-months; bacterial spondylitis; Rheumatoid arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; back pain secondary to bone malignancy spinal fracture; osteoporotic collapse; cauda equina compression prior spinal surgery; psychiatric disorder (e.g. psychosis / delusion); current pregnancy previous experience with Bowen therapy.