Inclusion Criteria:  ASA 1-3. Age above 18 years old. Preoperative pulmonary stability criteria (defined as a respiratory rate 12-24 breaths per minute, SpO2 ≥ 94% on room air) -  Exclusion Criteria:  Age < 18 years. Morbid obesity BMI ≥ 40 Kg/ m2. Pregnancy. Fasting ≤ 6 hours for solid food and ≤ 2 hours for clear liquids. 4 A pre-existing lung condition in patients requiring supplemental oxygen, inhalational bronchodilator, or systemic bronchodilator or steroid. Patients in the intensive care unit and/or requiring mechanical ventilation prior to the procedure. Previously intubated patients during the same hospitalization. Tracheostomized patients. Patients with swallowing disorders. Bowel obstruction. Anticipated difficult intubation.