Inclusion Criteria:  At least 12 years old; Diagnosed as type 1 diabetes according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in 1999; Be able to use smart mobile phones; Informed consent and voluntary participation.  Exclusion Criteria:  Secondary diabetes; Complicated with malignant diseases, such as cancer, hepatic and renal failure; Complicated with cognitive impairment or mental illness; Be pregnant or lactating at the time of enrollment.