Inclusion Criteria:  a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke in acute, subacute or chronic phase; no history of previous stroke; lower limb post-stroke spasticity and spasticity grade ≥1 on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); pain intensity measured on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ≥1; ability to stand unassisted in upright position for 30 seconds; no change in anti-spastic drug dose or treatment and no changes in analgesic medication, as it could affect the results on the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Visual Analogue Scale adult patients (>18 years old)  Exclusion Criteria:  other neurological and orthopaedic disorders or lower limb deformities that could in-terfere with motor performance and balance; myopathies; severe cognitive impairment, severe aphasia or inability to understand instructions; severe spasticity; visual field conditions or hemineglect; patients unable to undergo follow-up evaluation and excluded from the final analysis; anticoagulant medication or any contraindication to receive radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT), or any contraindication to physical therapy.