Inclusion Criteria:  age 18 or older able to speak English or Spanish enrolled in IDEA Miami or IDEA Tampa SSPs injection drug use in past 12 months by self-report willing and able to sign informed consent, provide locator information and medical records release testing reactive for HIV by rapid test HIV RNA>200 copies/ml as determined by on-site labs or abstracted medical records (result within 3 months of randomization date)  Exclusion Criteria:  testing HIV negative via rapid test receipt of THR intervention in the past 6 months inability to provide informed consent planning to leave the area within 12 months Principal or site investigator discretion currently in prison or jail Enrollment in Clinical Trials Network 121