Inclusion Criteria:  - All patients with sepsis or septic shock who conform to Sepsis 3.0 diagnostic criteria  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with preexisting chronic heart disease such as cardiomyopathy, chronic pulmonary heart disease, severe cardiac valve disease, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, etc. and with cardiac function ≥ grade III (NYHA classification) prior to sepsis. End-stage malignancies. Severe trauma. Pregnancy. Patients for whom transthoracic echocardiography data are not available.