Inclusion Criteria:  Men or women aged over 18 years- . Must be competent to give written informed consent. Scheduled to undergo clinical indicated surgery to remove lung tissue.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patient unable to give informed consent Significant long term condition or lung pathology (infection, asthma, fibrotic lung diseases) other than that for which they have been referred for surgery.  Post Surgery  • Insufficient tissue removed to supply the laboratory study after consultation with the Consultant histopathologist.