Inclusion Criteria:  men aged 18 to 30 years more than 3 years of weightlifting experience have been training at least 4 hours per week engage in recreational weightlifting  Exclusion Criteria:  musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., leg length discrepancies and severe flat feet) neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy) spinal problems (e.g., scoliosis) upper limb problems (e.g., history of shoulder dislocation, tennis or golf elbow) recent injuries that could affect performance train regularly for other sports.