Inclusion Criteria:  Adult patients (age > 18 years), admitted to intensive care for more than 72 hours and less than 7 days who have received invasive ventilatory support and/or treatment with a vasoactive agent for at least one day since admission with an Hb level < 12 g/dl, with consent from the patient or patient's relative (or emergency inclusion procedure).  Exclusion Criteria:  Moribund patient, Current hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, Recent history of thromboembolic event (< 3 months), Uncontrolled hypertension despite adequate antihypertensive therapy, Myelodysplasia or chronic pathology requiring iterative transfusions, EPO treatment within the last 30 days, Participation in another interventional trial of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent or anemia treatment, Expected discharge from the intensive care unit within 24 hours, Known hypersensitivity to EPO or any of its components, A history of erythroblastopenia following erythropoietin therapy Pregnant, breast-feeding or parturient woman Person deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision Person under forced psychiatric care Person under a legal protection measure.