Inclusion Criteria:  Having at least one vital primary molar with deep carious lesion indicated for pulpotomy or pulpectomy. The anticipated exfoliation date of the selected primary teeth has to be more than 12 months from the date of the study start.  Exclusion criteria:  Children who are uncooperative needing sedatin or general anasthesia. Children who are physically or mentally disabled or having any medical condition that will complicate the treatment.  e) Teeth of poor prognosis due to th e presence of an abscess or a sinus, mobility, advanced bone or root resorption.