Inclusion Criteria for obstructive azoospermia group:  infertility diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia ICSI-TESE cycles  Inclusion Criteria for non-obstructive azoospermia group:  infertility diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia ICSI-TESE cycles  Exclusion Criteria:  Sperm donation Use of ejaculated sperm Couples who underwent pre-implantation genetic testing