Inclusion Criteria:  Adult (≥18 years) patients Solitary HCC ≤ 3cm Receipt of either radiofrequency ablation, liver resection, or listing for a liver transplant Treatment received between Feb-2000 and Nov-2018  Exclusion Criteria:  Pathology other than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Receipt of prior treatment (i.e., not treatment naive) Not eligible for all of the three treatments (ablation, liver resection, or liver transplant listing) Platelet count <100,000 before treatment Alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP) level > 1000 before treatment Age > 70 years Child-Pugh score C Esophageal varices grade greater than 2 Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score before treatment exceeding 15 Presence of ascites pretreatment Presence of encephalopathy pretreatment Spleen size greater than 12 cm