Inclusion Criteria:  Cooperative children (rating 4 or 3 based on Frankl behavior scale) aging from 7 to 8. Medically free child ASA I or ASA II according to the American Society of anesthesiologist. Restorable bilateral deep carious lower primary second molars. Normal radiographic findings.  Exclusion Criteria:  1- Uncooperative child (rating 1 or 2 on the Frankl behavior scale). 2- Signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, spontaneous pain, necrosis or any signs and symptoms of abscess.  3- Radiographic signs of abscess, bone loss, internal or external root resorption was evident.  4- Parents or guardians refused participating in the study.