This study includes 9 disease-specific cohorts. The specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are as following:  Refractory and secondary hypertension  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as refractory hypertension and/or secondary hypertension Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients  Coronary heart disease  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients undergoing coronary angiography and interventional therapy in the cath lab Patients undergoing coronary angiography and functional assessment in the cath lab Patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients Regular return visits not available  Atrial fibrillation  Inclusion Criteria:  PAtrial fibrillation diagnosed by electrocardiogram or holter (duration >30 seconds) Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients New-onset atrial fibrillation during the perioperative period of major surgery  Ventricular arrhythmias  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular premature beat Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients A transient cause of ventricular arrhythmia was determined by the doctor, and long-term follow-up was not required  Cardiac pacemaker implantation  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients with permanent pacemaker implantations due to various causes (including bradycardia pacing, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy, leadless cardiac pacemaker, etc.) Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients  Structural heart disease  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as structural heart disease, including congenital heart disease and severe valvular disease (moderate and above valvular stenosis or incomplete closure) Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients  Pulmonary hypertension  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients  Heart failure  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as heart failure Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients Rare diseases of the cardiovascular system  Inclusion Criteria:  Patients diagnosed as rare diseases in the catalog published by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China Patients willing to accept long-term follow-up and regular return visits  Exclusion Criteria:  Severe diseases of other systems may affecting the life span of patients