Inclusion Criteria:  Adults (age greater than or equal to18 years) who meet clinical criteria for implantation of a neuromodulation device Able to speak, write, and understand English  Exclusion Criteria:  Evidence of monetary gain related to the outcome of the procedure (example worker's compensation, ongoing litigation, pending disability claim) Pain greater than 4/10 on pain scale at a bodily site not being treated by the neuromodulation procedure