Inclusion Criteria:  20-45 years old Normal weight or overweight (18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2) Not taking any probiotics for 4 weeks prior to and throughout the entire study Willing to refrain from smoking, vaping, chewing tobacco, and dietary supplement use throughout the study Willing to consume a controlled diet for 9 consecutive days on 2 different occasions (18 days total) and collect all urine and fecal output for 3-5 days during each occasion Pass the blue dye gastrointestinal tracer (given at screening) within 72 hours of administration  Exclusion Criteria:  Metabolic or cardiovascular abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, prior bariatric surgery, malabsorption, or any condition that interferes with metabolism (e.g., kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.) Suspected or known strictures, fistulas, or physiological/mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction Present condition of alcoholism, anabolic steroids, or other substance abuse issues Women who are pregnant, lactating, planning to become pregnant, or who have an irregular menstrual cycle in the past 6 months Weight fluctuations ± 5% of body weight in the last 6 months Allergies or intolerance to foods included in the controlled diet Any use of antibiotics, except topical antibiotics, within 3 months of study participation Colonoscopy within 3 months of study participation Use of laxatives, stool softeners, or anti-diarrheal medications more than once a week within 4-weeks of study enrollment