Inclusion Criteria:  All groups: age between 18 and 65 years old Participants with low back pain: non-specific LBP (defined as pain between the costal margins and the inferior gluteal folds, which is usually accompanied by painful limitation of movement and may be associated with pain referred down to the leg)  Exclusion Criteria:  All groups: presence of pathology of the nervous system, cardiovascular or carcinogenic, rheumatic diseases (for example, rheumatoid arthritis), fibromyalgia, previous history of lumbar surgery, medication that affects or alters heart rate, any contraindication to exercise and pregnancy.