Inclusion Criteria:  Non-pregnant or (first trimester) pregnant women Women of reproductive age (18-49 years old) Without a previous diagnosis of type 1 diabetes or T2DM (confirmed by a random glucose test)  Exclusion Criteria:  Pregnant women with active gestational diabetes Adult males, and children and adolescents <18 years old of both sexes Pre-existent severe chronic conditions (e.g. chronic liver or kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Living outside of the surrounding catchment areas of the 6 healthcare centers. Women internationally displaced, without a permanent home or identified physical address. Women planning to move elsewhere in the following 2 years Women that do not provide a written Informed Consent.