Inclusion Criteria:  Age ≥ 18 years old Women undergoing cesarean delivery at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center under spinal anesthesia American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I-III Body mass index during pregnancy ≥ 35 kg/m2 Able to consent in English language Singleton pregnancy  Exclusion Criteria:  Women undergoing elective cesarean delivery at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center under anesthesia other than spinal anesthesia (i.e. general and/or epidural anesthesia) Prisoners