Inclusion Criteria:  having the ability to communicate, being within 28-36 weeks of pregnancy, being aged 18 or above, having a live singleton fetus, having no pregnancy-related risk (pre-eclampsia, diabetes, cardiac disease, placenta previa, oligohydramnios, and so on), having no problem about the fetus's health (fetal anomaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and so on), having a medium or a higher level of traumatic childbirth perception according to the Traumatic Childbirth Perception Scale (≥53 points).  Exclusion Criteria:  The criterion for being excluded from the research was to have a condition that would prevent the woman from having a normal birth