Inclusion Criteria:  . histologically diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix; . International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (2014) IB2 - IIIB, without rectum invasion; or FIGO stage IA - IB1, who refused surgery or were contraindication for surgery due to comorbidity diseases; . received proton and carbon ion radiotherapy (PCRT) with or without chemotherapy for curative intention; . Follow-up data available.  Exclusion Criteria:  a previous history of other malignancy; squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix patients who had received surgery; rectum was invaded.