Inclusion Criteria:  Diagnosed as having Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative Colitis Aged 18-70 years. Understands the language and signs an informed consent form. Any disease location, except isolated upper GI Crohn's disease only Any CD or UC disease activity. Outpatients and inpatients Patients will be recruited, and samples obtained at least one day, and no more than one week, prior to out/inpatient colonoscopy preparation to allow objective assessment of disease activity.  Exclusion Criteria:  Status post colectomy Status post diverting loop ileostomy or end ileostomy or colostomy On antibiotics in the past 3 months or currently Women (pregnant or breast feeding) Subjects with concurrent chronic liver, renal, lung or metabolic disorders Active malignancy Bowel preparation at day of sample procurement Isolated upper GI Crohn's disease only Active disease on colonoscopy, but normal fecal calprotectin at inclusion C diff. positive at time of inclusion (test to be obtained in routine clinical care).