Inclusion Criteria:  Sexually active women in the reproductive age group between 20 and 40 years  History of primary or secondary infertility ( either unexplained or suspected tubal factor by history taking ) Tubal factor has not been investigated before or has been investigated with inconclusive results  Exclusion Criteria:  Age less than 20 or above 40 years. Using contraception. Undiagnosed pregnancy. known allergy to lidocaine. active pelvic inflammatory disease or genital tract bleeding. Patent both tubes as assessed previously ( no need for exposure to further Investigation.