Inclusion Criteria:  Having total knee arthroplasty at UC San Diego Plan to receive single shot adductor canal injection preoperatively Plan to receive spinal anesthetic with or without sedation for TKA surgery  Exclusion Criteria:  Pregnancy Inability to communicate with anesthesia provider and/or investigators Severe renal, hepatic, cardiac disease Chronic high-dose opioid use (defined as daily use for more than 4 weeks prior to surgery of at least the equivalent of 20 mg oxycodone) BMI > 45 kg/m2 Allergy to study medications (lidocaine, bupivacaine) Incarceration