Inclusion Criteria:  The study included individuals who  had a cesarean section, were at the 6th to 24th hour postpartum, agreed to participate in the study, had a cesarean section for the first time, did not use patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), did not have an additional health problem that may cause pain in the postpartum period, other than cesarean incision pain, and could speak and understand Turkish.  Exclusion Criteria:  Mothers who wanted to quit on their own will at any stage after being included in the study, had verbal communication problems, had hearing or vision problems, or had previously been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness were excluded from the sample.