Inclusion Criteria:  being aged >18 years old; being literate; having a baby of weight between 2500-4000 g, with 5th minute APGAR score of ≥7, and without congenital diseases and sucking and swallowing problems; not having a disease that prevents breastfeeding; having a full-term (37-42 weeks) VD or CS, agreeing to participate in the study  Exclusion Criteria:  a history of psychological or mental health problems any condition in the mother or infant that was a barrier to breastfeeding baby's admission into the neonatal unit baby's separation from the mother for any reason