Inclusion Criteria:  pregnant woman women from sub-Saharan Africa aged from 18 to 35 years old nullipares at the time of the obstetrical consultation up to 12 weeks pregnant acceptance of the terms and conditions of the study signature of the informed consent form,  Exclusion Criteria:  fetal distress congenital uterine and vaginal abnormalities infectious or systemic diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, candidiasis, cancers, hemopathies premature termination of pregnancy for medical reasons periodontal lesions of stage II, III (i.e., PD ≥ 4 mm, and/or CAL ≥ 4 mm), generalized (>30% of sites) history or treatment of PD a course of dental or orthodontic treatment less than 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars medication affecting the gum and/or oral mucosa regularly using interdental brushes and/or dental floss and/or mouthwash unable to answer questions or non-cooperative.