Inclusion Criteria:  Be ≥18 years of age at the time of anticoagulation initiation Have active cancer and acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) Treated with rivaroxaban (or any DOAC) or LMWH as their first recorded anticoagulant prescription 7 to 30 days post-acute CAT event diagnosis Have been active in the data set for at least 12-months prior to the index event and had at least one provider visit in the 12-months prior to the acute VTE event  Exclusion Criteria:  Evidence of atrial fibrillation, recent hip/knee replacement (with 90 days of CAT), ongoing VTE treatment, valvular heart disease defined as any rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis or mitral valve repair/replacement History of inferior vena cava filter before cohort entry vitamin K antagonist (VKA) use between cohort entry and index day (initiation of DOAC or LMWH) Evidence of any type of therapeutic anticoagulation use during all available look-back period per written prescription or patient self-report Initiation of rivaroxaban or other DOACs or LMWH during the study period at non-therapeutic doses (e.g., enoxaparin at a dose other than 1 mg/kg twice daily or 1.5 mg/kg once daily; dalteparin at a dose other than 200 IU/kg of total body weight) Pregnancy Recording indicative of palliative care before cohort entry Any clinically-relevant bleeding-related d hospitalization or VTE recurrence between the initial CAT and the start of observation