Inclusion Criteria:  Men and women aged 20 to 65 years old with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 DM  Exclusion Criteria:  T2DM patients who are pregnant/lactating women, newly diagnosed with T2DM (< 3 months), who receive vitamin B12 supplementation or proton-pump inhibitors over the last 6 months, alcoholics , known cases of malabsorption (gastrointestinal surgery, inflammatory bowel diseases and gluten allergy), chronic kidney disease, pernicious anemia