Inclusion Criteria:  Respiratory insufficiency of infants in the neonatal unit who require respiratory support and supplemental oxygen in one of 4 the therapeutic categories (Intubated HFO, Intubated CMV, Non-Invasive nasal mask, nasal cannula). <30 kg at study entry Informed Consent Form obtained as per EC requirement  Exclusion Criteria:  Not expected to complete 48 hours of the current respiratory support therapeutic category Congenital anomalies Uncontrolled hemodynamics Severe airflow obstruction Intracranial hypertension Start of caffeine therapy within 12 hours Attending physician does not believe participation of the patient is in their best interest.