Inclusion Criteria:  Age > 18 years Healthy volunteer (with no previous or current chronic cardiorespiratory diagnoses)  One of the following cardiorespiratory diagnoses:  COPD (GOLD 1, 2, 3 / A, B, C)* Asthma (mild to moderate, not labelled as severe)* Congestive cardiac failure* Anaemia (with at least 50% of participants recruited having no history of chronic cardiorespiratory conditions)* Bronchiectasis (acquired or genetic, e.g. cystic fibrosis or other primary ciliary dyskinesias)* Lung cancer (including rare types e.g. mesothelioma)* Interstitial Lung Disease (including pulmonary fibrosis pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis)* Long COVID* Upper airway obstruction disorder* [Active pulmonary hypertension] [Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis] [Active pulmonary embolism]  Exclusion Criteria:  Participants who, in the opinion of the chief investigator, or their delegate, are unlikely to comply with the requirements of the study; Diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders; Concurrent diagnosis of cardiorespiratory conditions (other than those listed in the inclusion criteria above) that, in the opinion of the chief investigator, would impact the conduct of the study Participants who are acutely unwell, e.g. active exacerbation, very short of breath e.g. severe COPD (GOLD 4 / D) or end-stage IPF. Inability to give written informed consent