Inclusion Criteria:  Malocclusion requires at least the extraction of maxillary first premolars, followed by canine retraction into the extraction site. Normal shape and structure of the maxillary canines, with no history of root canal treatment. Patients with good oral hygiene, and a healthy periodontal condition.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients who underwent previous orthodontic treatment. Patients currently receiving drug therapy that may affect orthodontic tooth movement, e.g. hormonal therapy and corticosteroids. Patients with chronic diseases that may affect the rate of tooth movement. Pregnancy and lactation