Inclusion Criteria:  Males aged 18-35 years Recreationally active; currently performing structured exercise (e.g., running, weight lifting, team-sport activity) at least 2 days per week  Exclusion Criteria:  Body Mass Index: >29.9kg/m^2 Inability to perform physical activity as determined by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Inability to adhere to protocol guidelines (e.g., alcohol, habitual diet) Regular tobacco use Illicit drug use (e.g., growth hormone, testosterone) Diagnosed medical condition under the care of a physician Inability to abstain from supplements (e.g., protein, creatine, HMB, BCAA, phosphatidic acid) at least three weeks before and during trials Individuals on any medications known to affect protein metabolism (e.g., corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or prescription-strength acne medications) Female: hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle have been reported to alter protein metabolism during exercise.