Inclusion Criteria:  to be male to be 18-55 years old to be sedentary (<20 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on <3 days/week) to be non-smoker not to be under medication to have a stable body weight over the preceding three months (<3 kg change)  Exclusion Criteria:  having been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, or any medical condition(s) that can interfere with or be aggravated by exercise using medication that could affect energy metabolism present a family history of CVD to have an abnormal electrocardiogram, regular and high consumption of spicy foods being frequently exposed to cold temperatures (e.g., indoors/outdoors workspace with low-temperatures, such as cold-storage works, ski/snow monitors, fieldworks during the winter sessions or low-temperatures areas)