Inclusion:  Mobile and migrant individuals aged 18 years and over in selected villages including:  Traditional slash-and-burn and paddy field farming communities visiting their forest farms (commonly ethnic minority groups) Seasonal agricultural laborers Forest workers in the informal sector (hunters, small-scale gem/gold miners, people gathering forest products (precious timber, construction timber, rattan/bamboo) Transient or mobile camp residents associated with commercial projects (road/pipeline construction, large-scale logging, deep seaport projects, etc.) Formal and informal cross-border migrant workers  For qualitative research component, local health stakeholders meeting the following criteria will be eligible:  Aged 18 years and over The local health stakeholders such as health centre staff, Operational District Malaria Supervisor (ODMS), and Provincial Malaria Supervisor (PMS), and basic health staff such as malaria unit staff in health centres, midwives, health assistants, district health officers and district focal person from CMPE and CNM Health staff members from HPA and Lao malaria community service organisations  Exclusion:  A village will be excluded from the study if:  The village has an VHV/VMW program operated by any organizations other than CMPE, CNM, HPA, malaria CSOs in Lao PDR The village has no malaria cases or API less than 1 in any of the past three years (2018 - 2020) The village has no MMPs The village has no VHV/VMW The village has a government health facility for provision of malaria services