Inclusion Criteria:  Age >= 18 y/o Biopsy-confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma Tumor Stage T3+ or N+ M0 Adequate liver function (total bilirubin < = 4.0) Adequate kidney function (calculate creatinine-clearance >=30ml/m2/min) Adequate bone marrow function (Platelet counts >=90.000, hemoglobin >=8mg/dl, neutrophile count >= 1.500/cm3) Completed chemo-radiation with at least 54Gy and capecitabine 1650mg/m2/d  Exclusion Criteria:  Prior tumor resection Prior radiation to the pelvis Prior chemotherapy for rectal cancer Life expectancy < 6 months Unfit for surgery Need for urgent/ immediate surgery