Inclusion Criteria:  Healthy, uncomplicated pregnant subjects in the third trimester ((≥ 28 ≤ 41 weeks' gestation) Healthy non-pregnant adult female volunteers between the ages of 18 - 45 years. Between 18-45 years old Able to provide consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients in labor Critically ill patients needing intubation and mechanical ventilation Patients with fever or influenza-like illness H/o epistaxis or rhinosinusitis Nasal polyposis and deviated nasal septum Preeclampsia and chronic hypertension Use of anti-hypertensives Ongoing seasonal allergy H/o asthma Recent recovery from SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A infection (≤ 4 weeks) Recent receipt of either COVID-19 or influenza A vaccine (≤ 4 weeks) Use of immunosuppressive medications Use of inhaled corticosteroids Use of hormonal contraceptives in non-pregnant population Allergy to local anesthetic