Inclusion Criteria:  ASA: class II or III Sex: male and female Age: from 20 to 70 years. Type of operation: patient will undergo spinal surgery with a diagnosis of in place spinal trauma, thoracic or lumbar degenerative disease, such as spinal canal stenosis, disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, and/or degenerative scoliosis under general anesthesia.  Exclusion Criteria:  Patients with history of thromboembolic disease or coagulopathy or hereditary bleeding disorders such as factor VIII deficiency, factor IX deficiency, and Von-Willebrand disease. Patients who were taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Allergy or hypersensitivity to TXA. A dural tear accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid leakage detected intraoperatively. Spinal cord tumors, head trauma and penetrating spinal cord trauma. The use of intravenous TXA during the perioperative period . Infection at the operative site e.g T.B.