Inclusion Criteria:  Ischemic unilateral stroke lesion (confirmed by the most recent clinical or radiological reports) at least 3 months prior to participation in this project. Paresis confined to one side, with moderate to severe motor impairment of the upper limb (Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scores of 10-40) Capacity to provide informed consent  Exclusion Criteria:  Muscle tone abnormalities and motor or sensory impairment in the unimpaired limb Severe wasting or contracture or significant sensory deficits in the paretic upper limb Severe cognitive or affective dysfunction that prevents normal communication and understanding of consent or instruction Severe concurrent medical problems (e.g. cardiorespiratory impairment) Using a pacemaker Metal implants in the head Known adverse reaction to TMS and tDCS Pregnant