Inclusion Criteria:  Preoperative examination showed patients with clinical T1 peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); The lesion is located in a single lung segment or between two adjacent lung segments; Perform radical lobectomy; The preoperative examination did not reveal unresectable lymph nodes; Have not received any other tumor-related treatments (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc.) before surgery; No malignant tumor history; No contraindications to surgery (ECOG score 0-1 points);  Exclusion Criteria:  Pathology revealed patients with non-T1 stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); Radical lobectomy is not performed; Acception of any anti-tumor treatment before surgery (excluding Chinese medicine treatment); Refused to enter the group or asked to leave the group.