Inclusion Criteria:  ⑴Patients diagnosed as heart failure by specialists (NYHA Ⅰ-III); ⑵20 years of age or older; ⑶Patients with clear consciousness and no cognitive impairment and major diseases (such as cancer); ⑷Can communicate in Mandarin and Taiwanese; ⑸ Those who can answer the questionnaire by themselves or with the assistance of a research assistant.  Exclusion Criteria:  NIL