Inclusion Criteria:  Diagnosis of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Diagnosis of non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) CKD with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of greater than (>) 10 and less than (<) 60 milliliters/minute/1.73 meters^2 (mL/min/1.73 m^2 ) or diagnosis of dialysis dependent (DD) CKD Mean screening hemoglobin (Hb) <10.0 grams/deciliters (g/dL) Transferrin Saturation ≥ 20%  Exclusion Criteria:  Anemia due to a cause other than CKD Active bleeding or recent clinically significant blood loss Treatment with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) within 8 weeks prior to Screening History of sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, bone marrow fibrosis, hematologic malignancy, myeloma, hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, or pure red cell aplasia Red Blood Cells transfusion within 4 weeks Serum albumin level <2.5 g/dL Uncontrolled hypertension Active malignancy or treatment for malignancy within the past 2 years prior to Screening Evidence of iron overload or diagnosis of hemochromatosis Known hypersensitivity to vadadustat or any excipients in vadadustat tablet