Inclusion Criteria:  male and females between the age of 18 to 65years participants attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching Hospital, Sokoto State Specialist Hospital and Orthopedic Hospital participants with chronic non-specific low back pain  Exclusion Criteria:  participants with current low back pain for less than 12 weeks participants with cognitive and visual impairment participants with other co-morbidities ( systemic disease, carcinomas, organ disease) Participants with other neurological findings such as loss of sensation, radiculopathy, parenthesis Body mass index of more than 30 Kilogram per meter square participants who are pregnant participants who had spinal surgery