William Ewart Gladstone

William Ewart Gladstone (/ˈɡlædˌstən/; 29 tháng 12 năm 1809 – 19 tháng 5 năm 1898), là một chính trị gia thuộc đảng Tự do người Anh. Trong sự nghiệp kéo dài hơn sáu mươi năm, ông làm Thủ tướng Anh 4 giai đoạn tách biệt nhau (1868–74, 1880–85,tháng 2 đến tháng 7 năm 1886 và 1892–94), nhiều hơn bất cứ ai, và nắm quyền Bộ trưởng Tài chính bốn lần. Gladstone cũng là Thủ tướng Anh lâu đời nhất; ông từ chức lần cuối cùng khi ông 84 tuổi.

Tác phẩm 
William Ewart Gladstone, Baron Arthur Hamilton-Gordon Stanmore (1961).Gladstone-Gordon correspondence, 1851–1896: selections from the private correspondence of a British Prime Minister and a colonial Governor, Volume 51. American Philosophical Society. p. 116.Retrieved 28 June 2010. (Volume 51, Issue 4 of new series, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society) (Original from the University of California)
 William Ewart Gladstone (1898).On books and the housing of them. M. F. Mansfield, NY.Retrieved 15 June 2012.  A treatise on the storing of books and the design of bookshelves as employed in his personal library.
 William Ewart Gladstone (1838).The State in its relations with the Church.London: John Murray Albermarle Street and Hatchard and Son. 
 William Ewart Gladstone (1903).The impregnable rock of Holy Scripture (Revised Edition).London: Isbister and Company. 
 William Ewart Gladstone (1858).Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age (3 vols).The University Press. 
 William Ewart Gladstone (1870).Juventus Mundi – The gods and men of 'the heroic' age (2nd edition, revised).Macmillan and Co.

Chú thích

Sách tham khảo 

 Michael Barker, Gladstone and Radicalism. The Reconstruction of Liberal Policy in Britain. 1885–1894 (The Harvester Press, 1975).
 David Bebbington and Roger Swift (eds.), Gladstone Centenary Essays (Liverpool University Press, 2000).
 E. F. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880 (Cambridge University Press, 1992).
 Eugenio Biagini and Alastair Reid (eds.), Currents of Radicalism. Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914 (Cambridge University Press, 1991).
 Sydney Buxton, Finance and Politics. An Historical Study. 1783–1885. Volume I (John Murray, 1888)
 F. W. Hirst, Gladstone as Financier and Economist (1931).
 F. W. Hirst, In the Golden Days (Frederick Muller, 1947).
 Philip Magnus, Gladstone: A Biography (1954).
 H. C. G. Matthew, Gladstone. 1809–1874 (Oxford University Press, 1988); Gladstone. 1875–1898 (Oxford University Press, 1995).
 John Morley, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (Three volumes, 1903).
 Sir Wemyss Reid (ed.), The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1899).
 Joseph A. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1954).
 Richard Shannon, Gladstone: Peel's Inheritor, 1809–1865 (1985), ISBN 0-8078-1591-8; Gladstone: Heroic Minister, 1865–1898 (1999), ISBN 0-8078-2486-0.

Nguồn chính 
 W. E. Gladstone, Midlothian Speeches. 1879 (Leicester University Press, 1971).
 Viscount Gladstone, After Thirty Years (1928).
 Lord Kilbracken, Reminiscences of Lord Kilbracken (Macmillan, 1931).
 Herbert Paul (ed.), Letters of Lord Acton to Mary Gladstone (George Allen, 1904).
 G. W. E. Russell, One Look Back (Wells Gardner, Darton and Co., 1911).
 Lionel A. Tollemache, Talks with Mr. Gladstone (London: Edward Arnold, 1898).

Đọc thêm

Biographies
 Bebbington, D. W. William Ewart Gladstone (1993).
 Biagini, Eugenio F. Gladstone (2000).
 Brand, Eric. William Gladstone (1986) ISBN 0-87754-528-6.
 Jagger, Peter J., ed. Gladstone (2007), 256pp.
 Jenkins, Roy. Gladstone: A Biography (2002) excerpt and text search.
 Magnus, Philip M. Gladstone: A biography (1954) excerpt and text search.
 Matthew, H. C. G. "Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (2004; online edition, May 2006.
 Matthew, H. C. G. Gladstone, 1809–1874 (1988); Gladstone, 1875–1898 (1995) excerpt & text search vol 1
 Morley, J. The life of William Ewart Gladstone, 3 vols. (1903) vol 2 online
 Partridge, M. Gladstone (2003) excerpt and text search.
 Russell, George W. E. The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (1891).
 Russell, Michael. Gladstone: A Bicentenary Portrait (2009). ISBN 978-0-85955-317-9
 Shannon, Richard. Gladstone (2 vols, 1984–2000).

Special studies
 Aldous, Richard. The Lion and the Unicorn: Gladstone vs Disraeli (2007).
 Bebbington, D. W. The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer and Politics (2004).
 Boyce, D. George and Alan O'Day, eds. Gladstone and Ireland: Politics, Religion, and Nationality in the Victorian Age (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011), 307 pages.
 Butler, P. Gladstone, church, state, and Tractarianism: a study of his religious ideas and attitudes, 1809–1859 (1982).
 Derek Beales, Gladstone on the italian question. January 1860  in Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento, a. XL – fasc. IV, pp. 96–104, (1953).
 Guedalla, Philip. Queen and Mr. Gladstone (2 vols, 1933) online edition 
 Isba, Anne. Gladstone and Women (2006), London: Hambledon Continuum, ISBN 1-85285-471-5.
 Hammond, J. L. Gladstone and the Irish nation (1938) online edition .
 Jenkins, T. A. Gladstone, whiggery and the liberal party, 1874–1886 (1988).
 Loughlin, J. Gladstone, home rule and the Ulster question, 1882–1893 (1986).
 Parry, J. P. Democracy and religion: Gladstone and the liberal party, 1867–1875 (1986).
 Schreuder, D. M. Gladstone and Kruger: Liberal government and colonial 'home rule', 1880–85 (1969).
 Schreuder, D. M. Gladstone and Italian unification, 1848–70: the making of a Liberal?, The English historical review, vol. 85 (n. 336), pp. 475–501 (July 1970).
 Seton-Watson, R. W. Disraeli, Gladstone and the eastern question: a study in diplomacy and party politics (1935).
 Shannon, Richard. Gladstone: God and Politics (2007).
 Vincent, J. Gladstone and Ireland (1978).
 Vincent, J. The Formation of the Liberal Party, 1857–1868 (1966).

Liên kết ngoài 
 Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by William Gladstone 
 Mr. Gladstone (character sketch by W.T. Stead, in the Review of Reviews, 1892).
 William Ewart Gladstone Article at Encyclopædia Britannica
 William Ewart Gladstone Chronology World History Database. 
 Works by William Ewart Gladstone at Project Gutenberg
 Works by William Ewart Gladstone at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) 
 More about William Ewart Gladstone  on the Downing Street website.
 William Ewart Gladstone 1809–98  biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group.
 BBC Radio – Programme Two contains a recording of Gladstone's voice.
 Archival material relating to William Ewart Gladstone listed at the UK National Archives
 Portraits of William Ewart Gladstone at the National Portrait Gallery, London

Sinh năm 1809
Mất năm 1898
Nhà thần học Anh
Hội viên Hội Vương thất
Thủ tướng Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh
Cựu học sinh Eton College
Chôn cất tại tu viện Westminster
Chủ nghĩa tự do cổ điển
Người Anh gốc Scotland
Thành viên Cơ mật viện Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh
Người thời Victoria
Tách biệt giữa giáo hội và nhà nước