text: While there are many factors driving offshoring, lower wages give countries like China and Mexico a competitive advantage. Energy costs, however, give the U.S. an advantage as "manufacturers need a lot of energy to make their processes work," stated Gary Marmo, director of sales for New Jersey's Elizabethtown Gas. He says: "A typical office building will use 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 therms a year. A good sized manufacturing plant will probably use that same amount in just a couple of days." Electricity frequently represents one of the top operating costs for energy intensive industries such as plastics, metals, chemicals, and pharmaceuticalsand, according to a recent study comparing costs in the U.S. and China, electricity is about 50 percent higher in China.