^ Enseignement de l'indonésien ^ | « Leçon 5: Nombres | Lesson 6: Prépositions | Leçon 7: Se présenter »
Di "(In/on/at [place])".
To indicate a place, we use the particle "di". It can mean "in", "on", or "at".
Contoh "(Examples)":
Note the word "ada", which means "to exist". It is placed right before the "di" particle to indicate existence.
Note also that the particle "di" doesn't convey any further detail on how the object is being placed, whether it's in front, inside, etc. To put additional detail, we put a location word after the particle "di".
Contoh "(Examples)":
The word "atas" means "top" or "above" and "dalam" means "inside". Below is the list of location words you may use:
Be careful to differentiate between "di" as prefix ("awalan") and "di" as showing the place ("kata depan"). Most Indonesian natives forget about this and mistakes are common. If the word "di" is followed by a verb, it is a prefix.
Example
Pada "(at [person])".
Although in spoken Indonesian it is acceptable to use "di" to indicate the existence of a noun at someone, this is unusual. For example, it is not correct to say: "Bukumu ada di Budi" to mean "Your book is at Budi". Rather, you should use the particle "pada":
"Bukumu ada pada Budi" "(Your book is at Budi)
This sounds awkward to translate literally. Usually in English, people would say "Budi has your book".
Ke "(to [a place])".
The particle "ke" is to indicate the notion of "to a place". It is often coupled with the word "pergi", which means "to go".
Contoh "(Example)":
In spoken Indonesian, people often omit "pergi" when the context is clear. So, you'll often hear "Ibu ke pasar" to mean "Mother [goes] to [the] market".
Kepada "(to [a person])".
Some verbs in English like "to send", "to give" and so on need the particle "to", followed by a person. For example: "I give the book to you". In Indonesian, for this notion of "to", you cannot use the particle "ke". Rather, you'll use the particle "kepada".
Contoh "(Example)":
Memberikan = to give
Mengirimkan = to send
Surat = letter
Certainly, in spoken Indonesian, people may violate this rule and use "ke" instead of the proper "kepada".
Dari "(From)".
The particle "dari" is almost synonymous with "from" in English. It is to indicate the origin of something.
Contoh "(Example)":
Not only that "dari" explains the place origin, but also explains the origin of things. For example:
Cincin = ring
Terbuat = is made
Emas = gold
Untuk "(For)".
The particle "untuk" is almost synonymous with "for". For example:
It is also to explain the usage of a thing:
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 ^ Enseignement de l'indonésien ^ | « Leçon 5: Nombres | Lesson 6: Particles | Leçon 7: Se présenter »

Enseignement de l'indonésien/Leçons/Se présenter

^ Enseignement de l'indonésien ^ | « Leçon 6: Préposition | Leçon 7: Se présenter | Leçon 8: Ma Famille »
Dialog Pertama "(1er Dialogue)".
Dialog "(Dialogue)".
Budi: Hai! Nama saya Budi. Siapa namamu?
Andi: Hai Budi! Nama saya Andi. Salam kenal.
Budi: Salam kenal juga.
Terjemahannya "(Traduction)":
Budi: Bonjour ! Je m'appelle Budi. Comment t'appelle-tu ?
Andi: Hi, Budi! Je m'appelle Andi. Ravi de faire ta connaissance.
Budi: Ravi de faire ta connaissance aussi.
Catatan "(Note)".
This dialog illustrates typical informal introductions. Note here that the dialog use "nama saya" to mean to "my name" and "namamu" to mean to "your name". You can use the phrase "namaku" as well to mean to "my name".
To refresh our memory, note that the informal possessive pronouns are "-ku", "-mu", and "-nya", for first, second, and third singular person. For more review, you can click here. The noun "nama" is the root of "namaku" and "namamu"; and the suffixes "-ku" and "-mu" adding the possessive information.
Certainly, you can substitute "namamu" with "nama anda" for more formal situations.
The phrase "salam kenal" roughly means "nice to meet you". Note that unlike English, normally Indonesians don't say anything after the introduction and then carry on with the conversation. So, this phrase is not often used in introductions. It's up to you.
The word "juga" means "too".
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Dialog Kedua "(2ème Dialogue)".
Dialog "(Dialogue)".
Budi: Selamat pagi, Pak! Perkenalkan, nama saya Budi.
Pak Anto: Oh! Selamat pagi, Budi! Nama saya Anto. Apa kabar?
Budi: Baik-baik. Terima kasih.
Terjemahannya (Traduction):
Budi: Bonjour, Monsieur! Je me présente mon nom est Budi.
Mr. Anto: Oh! Bonjour, Budi! Mon nom est Anto. Comment vas-tu?
Budi: Bien. Merci.
Catatan "(Note)".
This is a formal introduction, in casual situation.
The word "kenal" means "to know someone". In this dialog, we use the inflected form "perkenalkan", which in this dialog context means "let me introduce myself". It is actually the command form of "memperkenalkan", which means "to introduce". Don't worry about how the words are composed. This time, you can just consider it as a single word.
The phrase "apa kabar" means "how are you". As we've already read from lesson 1, it literally means "what news".
The phrase "terima kasih" means "thank you". Actually, it literally means "receive love".
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Dialog Ketiga "(3ème Dialogue)".
Dialog "(Dialogue)".
Budi: Andi, perkenalkan, ini Pak Sastro.
Andi: Pak Sastro, nama saya Andi.
Pak Sastro: Halo, Andi! Salam kenal.
Terjemahannya "(traduction)":
Budi: Andi, let me introduce you, this is Mr. Sastro.
Andi: Mr. Sastro, my name is Andi.
Mr. Sastro: Hello, Andi! Nice to meet you.
Catatan "(Note)".
This dialog is to introduce someone to someone else. You should introduce the older person to the younger one as a rule of courtesy, as demonstrated in the dialog. The dialog assumes that Mr. Sastro is older than Andi. The younger person must then respond by addressing the older one also for courtesy. You can follow it by stating your name again, like the example above. Or, you can just say "Hai, Pak Sastro!" instead.
If both people are roughly of the same age, you can choose either one.
Note the usage of the word "perkenalkan". It is appropriate for both introducing yourself and introducing someone else.
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 ^ Enseignement de l'indonésien ^ | « Leçon 6: Préposition | Leçon 6: Se présenter | Leçon 8: Ma Famille »

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