Antacids – Components, Uses and Side Effects

An Overview of Antacids
When the extra secretion of acid takes place in the stomach, it causes on-off pain, bloating sensation, low appetite and many other health-related problems. Overproduction of acids can even lead to critical diseases like the formation of stomach ulcers. So, how to control the acids?
Antacids are prescribed to people who suffer from acidity problems. In the year 1970, acidity treatment was started using antacids. In the following content, you will get more familiar with: what are antacids, what do antacids do, antacid medicines, etc.
What is Antacid Medicine?
The category of medicines that neutralizes stomach acids are known as antacids. These tablets contain certain ingredients like calcium, sodium bicarbonate, aluminium and magnesium which act like alkalis or bases to oppose acid in the stomach and make pH neutral.
pH refers to the evaluation of hydrogen ion concentration in any solution, and it shows how alkaline or acidic those solutions are. The pH scale has a lower limit of one and an upper limit of 14. If the pH of a solution is seven, it is neutral, if more than seven it is alkaline and less than seven is acidic. Typically, the pH of gastric acid is between the range of 1.5 and 3.5.
The Following Table depicts the Commonly used Antacids
Antacid Ingredient
Formula
Neutralising Power
Sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO₃
Low
Magnesium hydroxide
Mg(OH)₂
High
Aluminium hydroxide
Al(OH)₃
Moderate
Calcium carbonate
CaCO₃
Very high
Now that you have understood what an antacid tablet is, let us move further with antacid components.
Components of Antacid Medicines
Sodium Bicarbonate
NaHCO₃: It is a short-acting and weak antacid. Though it u's a harmless household remedy, the content of sodium present in it is disadvantageous. Doctors generally do not recommend "baking soda" or "bicarb", but it is a commonly used ingredient of several patent medicines. Bicarbonate holds an effervescent trait that illustrates the commercial existence of pain-killer/antacid blends like Bromo-SeltzerTM and Alka-SeltzerTM. This component reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) of the stomach to yield carbon dioxide (CO2) that gets absorbed fast but occasionally evokes a satisfying burp.
Systemic alkalosis (imbalance of the human body's pH level) may be a result of bicarbonate overuse. People, who have high blood pressure and are prescribed not to have much sodium, should avoid bicarbonate.
Magnesium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 : It is popularly called as milk of magnesia. Similar to magnesium sulphate and magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide is also a good laxative. Manufacturers mix this component with the aluminium hydroxide to control the diarrhoea effect it causes. However, the price of medicine increases and aluminium hydroxide decreases the benefit of antacid.
Magnesium hydroxide itself does not get absorbed in the intestine. Instead, when it interacts with the stomach acid; it releases magnesium chloride which is absorbed. Mg (magnesium) holds a lot of functions in cells of the human body. However, it has a harmful effect if levels of Mg increase in blood. Also, people with renal failure must avoid magnesium.
Aluminium Hydroxide
Al(OH)3: In comparison to the previous component, this one is weak and has slow action on the human body. Moreover, neutralizing power varies among commercial medicines.
Aluminium may safeguard the lining of the stomach from the harmful effects of irritants like alcohol. Al(OH)3 has other applications as well. It helps in binding phosphate in gut lumen to yield insoluble aluminium phosphate. This product is useful for kidney failure when serum phosphate goes high abnormally and for people who tend to form kidney stones that contain phosphate.
Prolonged use of this component may cause brain damage, metabolic bone conditions like osteoporosis and osteomalacia, and risk of causing fractures, particularly in malnourished people.
Calcium Carbonate
CaCO3 : Chalk is the common name for calcium carbonate and is the most abundantly available antacid. It can neutralize acid entirely in the stomach. However, it may not be the right choice for daily use.
One major side effect of antacids is that gastric acid secretion may rebound after taking this medicine. Commercial antacid tablets that contain calcium have Titralac TM and TumsTM, and their dosage should not go above 3 g each day.
Besides the primary components, there are some extra components, such as:
Peppermint flavouring
Antiflatulent
Alginic acid
How do Antacids work?
All antacid tablets can work in two manners.
Antacids cover the esophagus surface with a preventive layer against acids of the stomach.
They release a gel on the surface of the stomach that helps to stop the leakage of acid to the food pipe. This way, it can prevent heartburn symptoms.
Next, let us discuss what are antacids used for?
Use of Antacids
Apart from heartburn, the primary uses of antacids are to provide relief from Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), indigestion or dyspepsia, belching, bloating, and feeling of discomfort in the gut or stomach. By counteracting stomach acids, these medicines can help to cure the feeling of burning in the throat or chest due to acid reflux, bitter taste in the mouth, a sensation of pain while lying down, regurgitation and continuing dry cough. These acid medicines can be merged with other tablets well to provide relief from heartburn symptoms.
What is GERD and Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux takes place when stomach contents reach up in the oesophagus. It is also termed gastroesophageal reflux or acid regurgitation. If you experience acid reflux symptoms more than two times a week, you may be suffering from GERD.
Moreover, GERD can sometimes lead to difficulty in swallowing food and also breathing conditions like asthma.
Did You know?
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) suggest that 20% of US citizens are affected with GERD, and if it is not treated, can cause serious issues.
When a person is diagnosed with GERD, medical practitioners usually advise making changes in eating habits and lifestyle. Besides antacids, doctors also prescribe two different classes of medicines like H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors.
Some Widely used H2 Receptor Blockers are:
Nizatidine (Axid)
Cimetidine (Tagamet HB and Tagamet)
Famotidine (Pepcid AC and Pepcid)
Note: The selling of Tagamet across the world was most massive until ranitidine (Zantac) was introduced.
Some Commonly used Proton Pump Inhibitors are:
Lansoprazole (Prevacid 24 HR)
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Pantoprazole sodium (Protonix)
Rabeprazole sodium (Aciphex)
Other Than the Earlier mentioned Disorders, a Few Antacids can help to cure unrelated Health Problems Like:
Deficiency of calcium.
High blood phosphate levels.
Formation of stones in the kidney.
Deficiency of magnesium.
By now, you must have got familiar with the use of antacids. However, you must keep in mind that all medicines come with side effects. The following section is related to the side effects of antacids.
Antacids Side Effects
The ingredients present in antacid tablets are responsible for the unwanted side effects. However, few product combinations show side effects that invalidate each other. For example, magnesium can cause diarrhea and aluminium can cause constipation, so a tablet containing these two components has a more neutral effect on the bowel.
Generally, if you take antacids as directed by a physician or the way mentioned on the tablet strip, you will experience comparatively fewer effects. Over usage of the medicines along with prolonged usage without prescription, they may have side effects.
Common Side Effects of Antacids
Constipation
Aluminium toxicity
Low levels of blood phosphate
Osteomalacia
Kidney stones
Nausea
Alkalosis
High magnesium level in blood
Increase in blood pressure, etc.
Furthermore, if high doses of antacids are taken for an extended period, it can cause a problem termed as an acid rebound. This condition occurs when the stomach releases more acids after the consumption of drinks and food.
Sometimes people take medicines for acidity issues on their own. However, you must always take drugs after consultation with a doctor as only they will understand which is the antacid medicine that can cure your problem.
Precautions
Most people are not adversely affected by antacids. People with specific medical issues, on the other hand, should see their doctors before using antacids containing aluminium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate. People with heart failure, for example, may be subjected to sodium limitations to reduce fluid accumulation. However, antacids are frequently high in salt. Before using antacids, these persons should consult with their doctor. After using antacids, those with kidney failure may experience an aluminium accumulation. Aluminium poisoning may result as a result of this. Electrolyte balance issues are common in people with renal failure. All antacids include electrolytes, which may exacerbate electrolyte balance issues. Before giving your child antacids, consult with their doctor. Because children seldom have symptoms of high stomach acid, their symptoms might be due to another issue.
How and When to take Antacids
Check the package or leaflet for directions on how much and how often to take the antacid. This depends on the medication you're taking. Antacids should be taken when you have symptoms or suspect you may have them soon - for most people, the ideal time to take them is with or shortly after meals, and immediately before going to bed. Keep in mind that children's dosages may be lower than those of adults. Antacids should be taken with meals or shortly after eating because this is when you are most likely to experience indigestion or heartburn. If taken with meals, the medicine's impact may last longer. Antacids can affect the effectiveness of other medications, so avoid taking them within 2 to 4 hours of having an antacid.
Hyperacidity
To improve digestion, the stomach secretes Hydrochloric Acid, a digestive liquid that breaks down food particles into their simplest form. Hyperacidity is a condition that occurs when there is an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Our stomach consists of acid or HCL- Hydrochloric acid, the amount of acid in our stomach is pH 4. This means that there is a highly acidic environment within, which is also required for humans because any germs that reach our stomach, die in the acidic environment, therefore acidity is important. However, in certain circumstances, this acidic nature exceeds the required amount, and the acidity begins to pain. Following are some of the signs and symptoms of Hyperacidity:
Heart & chest burn
Throat burn
A constant sour taste in your mouth or bitter-tasting acid backing up into your throat and tongue.
Chest pain.
Dry Cough
Asthma
Chronic Sinusitis
Ear pain
Hyperacidity Cure
Avoid meals that are very salty, fatty, sour, or spicy. Maintain a balanced, healthful diet.
It is also essential to exercise for at least half an hour since it promotes digestion and bowel motility, hence reducing hyperacidity. Walking is the greatest option.
Workouts that stimulate the abdominal muscles, such as crunches, should be avoided.
Heavy lifting should be avoided by people who have hyperacidity.
Treatment of Acidity with the use of Histamine
Histamine is a significant advancement in the treatment of hyperacidity. In the stomach, histamine acts as a stimulant for the release of pepsin and hydrochloric acid. Cimetidine is a medication that works by limiting the effects of histamine. It inhibited the interaction between histamine and receptors, resulting in a reduction in acid release.
FAQs on Antacids
On Vedantu's website, students will be able to download any Chemistry chapter or topic. The concepts are well discussed, with specific examples that students may use to practise and gain confidence. It is also assured that the content supplied by our staff adheres to the curriculums provided by the different boards as well as the suggested literature. As a consequence, students do not need to be concerned about whether or not the study material is proper and written following the standards of each board. Students can also use a smartphone app to access Vedantu's online learning services, which can be downloaded for free. Vedantu's mobile app was created to provide students with the aid and comfort they require when studying, as books and computers cannot be transported everywhere. The mobile programme may be downloaded at any time, allowing students to study or review anytime they have free time.
Generally, medicines should be taken after food, but it is always recommended to ask the physician for the correct dosage and time.
4. What is the Meaning of Antacid?
Antacids are medicines that counteract the acids in the stomach to relieve the symptoms like sour stomach, heartburn, stomach upset, pain, etc. Few antacids also consist of simethicone that helps in releasing gas from the body.
5. What is Anti Acid?
Anti acids are similar to antacids, which have the same property to fight acidity.
Revision Notes
Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. We provide you year-long structured coaching classes for CBSE and ICSE Board & JEE and NEET entrance exam preparation at affordable tuition fees, with an exclusive session for clearing doubts, ensuring that neither you nor the topics remain unattended.
WAVE platform encourages your Online engagement with the Master Teachers. Revision notes and formula sheets are shared with you, for grasping the toughest concepts. Assignments, Regular Homeworks, Subjective & Objective Tests promote your regular practice of the topics. Your academic progress report is shared during the Parents Teachers Meeting. Sessions get recorded for you to access for quick revision later, just by a quick login to your account. Interactive approach establishes a well-deserved academic connect between you and Master Teachers.
Vedantu is the first choice of students aspiring to score full marks in their ICSE and CBSE Board exams or to crack any competitive exam like IIT JEE (Mains & Advanced), Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY), National Talent Search Exam (NTSE), International Math Olympiad (IMO), International English Olympiad (IEO). Hours and Hours of Study with no fun, is a bad idea for you, foreseeing the long run. To ensure that motivation is stirred in the best proportion for your clear understanding, a good number of quizzes and Objective tests like V-Brainer, V-Maths, Turbo Maths are organized to impart knowledge and reward the best performers with surprise gifts.
Master Teachers cater to teaching Maths, Physics, Chemistry and Biology (Science) for 6th to 12th grades across CBSE and ICSE Boards. To promote talent and potential, the Prices for Master Classes are very affordable. FREE Sample Papers and Important questions are extracted, solved and discussed, ensuring that you are 100% prepared before any exam. Vedantu Classes rank as the best LIVE and Online Tutoring Website in top ten cities of India- Bangalore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Mumbai, Patna, Kolkata, Pune, Chandigarh and Jaipur. In Middle-East and Singapore, we are the among the most recommended educational sites for an online home tutor at very lowest tuition fees.
We know the value of your time and strive hard to deliver the best and invest in it with precision. Pdfs and soft copies of exhaustive subject material for preparation of the target exams like JEE Main, NEET, KVPY, NTSE, Olympiads, CBSE & ICSE Board exams & School exams, are provided to you post your registration with us, to download and keep learning on the go. Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is cemented by rigorous hard work of Master Teachers, complemented by the best study material along with FREE Books Solutions of NCERT, RD Sharma, RS Agarwal and HC Verma.