A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Zoey, Alexander, Aurora, and Isabella. In David's words: "Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knight". Zoey expressed that Alexander is not a knight. Alexander said, "If David is a knave then Aurora is a knight." Aurora commented, "If Zoey is a knave then Isabella is a knave". According to Isabella, "David is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Alexander is a knight, Aurora is a knave, and Isabella is a knight.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Alexander is a knight
(4) Aurora is a knave
(5) Isabella is a knight

Let's think step by step, by considering whether each person is lying and if that leads to contradiction.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Alexander is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Alexander is not a knight.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If David is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Alexander is not a knight.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Aurora is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that If Zoey is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Isabella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Isabella, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Alexander is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Aurora that If Zoey is a knave then Isabella is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Isabella, William, Elizabeth, and Mason. Henry commented, "Elizabeth is not a knave". Isabella said, "Isabella is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave." In William's words: "Elizabeth is a knave or Henry is a knight". In Elizabeth's words: "William is a knight or Isabella is a knave". According to Mason, "Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knight, Isabella is a knave, William is a knight, Elizabeth is a knight, and Mason is a knave.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Isabella is a knave
(3) William is a knight
(4) Elizabeth is a knight
(5) Mason is a knave

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight or Isabella is a knave.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is a knight if and only if Henry is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: James, Grace, Scarlett, Zoey, and Jackson. As James put it, "Zoey is a knave and Jackson is a knight". Grace remarked, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight". As Scarlett put it, "Jackson is a knight". Zoey noted, "James is a knight". Jackson said, "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

James is a knave, Grace is a knave, Scarlett is a knave, Zoey is a knave, and Jackson is a knave.

(1) James is a knave
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Scarlett is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Jackson is a knave

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Zoey is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that James is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that James is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Zoey is a knave and Jackson is a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jackson is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Jackson is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ava, Zoey, Jack, Luke, and Elizabeth. "Elizabeth is not a knave," Ava declared. Zoey said that Ava is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave. Jack expressed that Ava is not a knight. "Jack is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave," Luke declared. In Elizabeth's words: "Jack is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ava is a knave, Zoey is a knight, Jack is a knight, Luke is a knight, and Elizabeth is a knave.

(1) Ava is a knave
(2) Zoey is a knight
(3) Jack is a knight
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Elizabeth is a knave

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is not a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that Jack is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Elizabeth cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ava that Elizabeth is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Elizabeth, so let us go back and reconsider Ava.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Elizabeth cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Ava that Elizabeth is not a knave.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is not a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and Elizabeth is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ava is a knight if and only if Jack is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Logan, Lily, Ethan, and Liam. William stated, "Ethan is not a knight". "Liam is not a knave" - Logan. "Liam is a knight if and only if William is a knave," Lily declared. Ethan remarked, "If Liam is a knight then Lily is a knave". Liam was heard saying, "Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, Logan is a knave, Lily is a knave, Ethan is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Logan is a knave
(3) Lily is a knave
(4) Ethan is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of William that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Liam is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ethan that If Liam is a knight then Lily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Liam and Ethan, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is not a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Lily is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knight if and only if Ethan is a knave.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is a knight if and only if William is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Liam is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Liam is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Logan, Victoria, Zoey, and Ella. In a statement by Elizabeth: "If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight". Logan was heard saying, "Zoey is not a knight". Victoria said that Ella is a knight or Victoria is a knight. Zoey was heard saying, "Victoria is a knave". Ella was heard saying, "Zoey is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, Logan is a knight, Victoria is a knight, Zoey is a knave, and Ella is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) Logan is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Zoey is a knave
(5) Ella is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight or Victoria is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Ella is a knight or Victoria is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella and Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Victoria is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ella, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Zoey that Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Elizabeth that If Zoey is a knave then Ella is a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Olivia, David, Amelia, Sophia, and James. Olivia was heard saying, "James is a knight and David is a knight". David was heard saying, "Amelia is a knight". "If David is a knight then Olivia is a knave" - Amelia. Sophia stated, "Amelia is a knave or David is a knight". James stated, "Amelia is a knave and David is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Olivia is a knave, David is a knight, Amelia is a knight, Sophia is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Olivia is a knave
(2) David is a knight
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Sophia is a knight
(5) James is a knave

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and David is a knight.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave and David is a knave.

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Amelia is a knave and David is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If David is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knight.

David cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that James is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for David and Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider James.

James cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that James is a knight and David is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for James, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and David is a knight.

Amelia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If David is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Amelia, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and David is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knight then Olivia is a knave.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or David is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, Aurora, Chloe, David, and Aiden. "Aurora is a knight or Chloe is a knight" - Elizabeth. Aurora said that Elizabeth is a knight or David is a knight. "Aurora is not a knight," Chloe declared. David said, "Aurora is a knight." "Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave," Aiden mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Chloe is a knave, David is a knight, and Aiden is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Chloe is a knave
(4) David is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight or Chloe is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Elizabeth is a knight or David is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight.

Chloe cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aurora is not a knight.

Assume Chloe is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knight and Chloe is a knave.

(('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('telling-truth', 1), ('and', ('telling-truth', 2), ('lying', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Lucas, Avery, William, and Emily. Mia said, "Mia is a knight or Lucas is a knave." Lucas said, "William is a knight and Emily is a knight." In a statement by Avery: "Avery is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave". "Lucas is a knave or William is a knight," William mentioned. As Emily put it, "Avery is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knight, Lucas is a knave, Avery is a knight, William is a knight, and Emily is a knave.

(1) Mia is a knight
(2) Lucas is a knave
(3) Avery is a knight
(4) William is a knight
(5) Emily is a knave

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that William is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or William is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Avery is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Emily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that William is a knight and Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emily, so let us go back and reconsider William.

William cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that William is a knight and Emily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for William, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Emily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Lucas that William is a knight and Emily is a knight.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Mia is a knave.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight if and only if Emily is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Sophia, Mia, Ella, and James. Jackson was heard saying, "Ella is not a knight". Sophia told you that Jackson is not a knave. Mia asserted: "Ella is not a knave". Ella was heard saying, "James is a knight and James is a knave". In James's words: "Ella is a knight or Sophia is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Sophia is a knight, Mia is a knave, Ella is a knave, and James is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knight
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) James is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knight.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Ella is not a knight.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that Ella is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Sophia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Jackson is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Sophia, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is a knight or Sophia is a knave.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Amelia, Matthew, Daniel, Lucas, and Mia. Amelia commented, "If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knave". Matthew remarked, "Amelia is a knave and Daniel is a knight". In Daniel's words: "Lucas is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight". "Matthew is a knight and Daniel is a knight" - Lucas. "Lucas is a knave or Matthew is a knight," Mia claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knight, Matthew is a knave, Daniel is a knight, Lucas is a knave, and Mia is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knight
(2) Matthew is a knave
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Lucas is a knave
(5) Mia is a knight

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Amelia is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Matthew cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Lucas is a knight if and only if Matthew is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Amelia is a knave and Daniel is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knave or Matthew is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Samuel, Daniel, Joseph, and Oliver. In Aurora's words: "Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave". In a statement by Samuel: "Oliver is a knave or Daniel is a knave". Daniel expressed that Samuel is a knight or Oliver is a knave. Joseph commented, "If Joseph is a knight then Daniel is a knight". Oliver stated, "Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Samuel is a knight, Daniel is a knight, Joseph is a knight, and Oliver is a knave.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Samuel is a knight
(3) Daniel is a knight
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Oliver is a knave

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Samuel is a knight or Oliver is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Oliver and Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that If Joseph is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Joseph cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Joseph is a knight then Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Joseph, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Samuel is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Oliver is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Samuel that Oliver is a knave or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Amelia, Samuel, Mia, and Logan. Jackson expressed that Samuel is a knight and Logan is a knight. Amelia stated, "Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave". According to Samuel, "Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave". Mia expressed that If Jackson is a knave then Logan is a knight. "Mia is a knave or Mia is a knight," Logan declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Mia is a knight, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Jackson is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knight
(3) Samuel is a knave
(4) Mia is a knight
(5) Logan is a knight

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Jackson that Samuel is a knight and Logan is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel, so let us go back and reconsider Jackson.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight and Logan is a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight if and only if Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave or Mia is a knight.

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jackson is a knave then Logan is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knight or Mia is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Avery, Riley, Henry, Charlotte, and James. Avery noted, "James is a knave". Riley noted, "Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight". "James is a knight or Riley is a knave," Henry mentioned. Charlotte said that Avery is a knight and James is a knave. James said that Riley is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Avery is a knight, Riley is a knave, Henry is a knight, Charlotte is a knight, and James is a knave.

(1) Avery is a knight
(2) Riley is a knave
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knight
(5) James is a knave

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Avery that James is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of James that Riley is a knave if and only if Charlotte is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight if and only if Riley is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and James is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight or Riley is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mason, Sebastian, Aria, Ella, and Jack. "Sebastian is a knave or Mason is a knight" - Mason. Sebastian said that Jack is a knight and Ella is a knave. Aria noted, "Jack is a knight or Sebastian is a knight". "Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave" - Ella. Jack told you that Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mason is a knight, Sebastian is a knave, Aria is a knave, Ella is a knave, and Jack is a knave.

(1) Mason is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knave
(3) Aria is a knave
(4) Ella is a knave
(5) Jack is a knave

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knave or Mason is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Jack is a knight and Ella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack, so let us go back and reconsider Sebastian.

Assume Sebastian is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight and Ella is a knave.

Assume Jack is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sebastian is a knight and Mason is a knave.

Aria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Aria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight or Sebastian is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('lying', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 1)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)), ('and', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Oliver, Penelope, Emma, and Aiden. Lucas told you that Emma is a knight or Penelope is a knight. Oliver expressed that Aiden is a knight and Aiden is a knave. In a statement by Penelope: "Oliver is not a knave". Emma said that If Lucas is a knight then Aiden is a knight. "Penelope is a knave" - Aiden. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Emma is a knight, and Aiden is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Emma is a knight
(5) Aiden is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knight or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Lucas is a knight then Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aiden that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Oliver is not a knave.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Aiden is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aiden is a knight and Aiden is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Scarlett, Zoey, David, and Logan. "Penelope is a knight or Logan is a knight" - Penelope. In Scarlett's words: "David is not a knave". Zoey remarked, "Scarlett is a knight or Logan is a knave". David was heard saying, "If Penelope is a knave then Zoey is a knight". "If David is a knave then Zoey is a knight," Logan mentioned. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Scarlett is a knight, Zoey is a knight, David is a knight, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Scarlett is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knight
(4) David is a knight
(5) Logan is a knight

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Logan is a knight.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If David is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Penelope is a knave then Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight or Logan is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jack, Oliver, Amelia, Charlotte, and Zoey. As Jack put it, "Zoey is a knave or Zoey is a knight". Oliver commented, "Zoey is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight". In Amelia's words: "Charlotte is a knight or Zoey is a knight". "Jack is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight," Charlotte claimed. Zoey remarked, "If Jack is a knave then Amelia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jack is a knight, Oliver is a knave, Amelia is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, and Zoey is a knight.

(1) Jack is a knight
(2) Oliver is a knave
(3) Amelia is a knight
(4) Charlotte is a knave
(5) Zoey is a knight

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Jack is a knave then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Zoey is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Jack is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Oliver cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.

Assume Oliver is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Zoey is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, Luke, Henry, Sebastian, and Liam. Penelope asserted: "Luke is a knave or Penelope is a knight". "Sebastian is not a knave," Luke declared. "Penelope is a knight" - Henry. As Sebastian put it, "Liam is not a knight". Liam told you that Penelope is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, Luke is a knight, Henry is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) Luke is a knight
(3) Henry is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Penelope is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is not a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Liam is not a knight.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sebastian that Liam is not a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: David, Grace, Charlotte, Joseph, and Lucas. In a statement by David: "Joseph is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave". According to Grace, "David is a knave and Joseph is a knave". Charlotte told you that Charlotte is a knight and Grace is a knave. Joseph expressed that Lucas is a knight or Charlotte is a knave. In Lucas's words: "Joseph is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

David is a knight, Grace is a knave, Charlotte is a knave, Joseph is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) David is a knight
(2) Grace is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume David is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Joseph is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Lucas is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of David that Joseph is a knight if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Lucas is a knight or Charlotte is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight and Grace is a knave.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that David is a knave and Joseph is a knave.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that David is a knave and Joseph is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jacob, Riley, Benjamin, Emily, and Aurora. In Jacob's words: "Riley is a knave". Riley told you that Emily is a knight or Emily is a knave. In a statement by Benjamin: "Jacob is a knave". Emily noted, "Aurora is a knight and Benjamin is a knight". Aurora told you that Jacob is not a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jacob is a knave, Riley is a knight, Benjamin is a knight, Emily is a knight, and Aurora is a knight.

(1) Jacob is a knave
(2) Riley is a knight
(3) Benjamin is a knight
(4) Emily is a knight
(5) Aurora is a knight

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Jacob that Riley is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emily is a knight or Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emily is a knight or Emily is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knight and Benjamin is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is not a knight.

Assume Benjamin is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knave.

(('lying', 1), ('or', ('telling-truth', 3), ('lying', 3)), ('lying', 0), ('and', ('telling-truth', 4), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Olivia, Jackson, Sebastian, and Jacob. Daniel asserted: "Jackson is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knave". As Olivia put it, "If Sebastian is a knave then Jackson is a knight". "Olivia is a knight or Jacob is a knight," Jackson mentioned. Sebastian said, "Olivia is a knight." "Jackson is a knight or Jackson is a knave" - Jacob. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Olivia is a knight, Jackson is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Jacob is a knight.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Olivia is a knight
(3) Jackson is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Jacob is a knight

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knave if and only if Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight or Jacob is a knight.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sebastian is a knave then Jackson is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knight.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is a knight or Jackson is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Zoey, Sophia, Emily, Michael, and Lucas. As Zoey put it, "Sophia is a knight or Emily is a knight". Sophia said, "If Emily is a knight then Lucas is a knave." Emily said that Zoey is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave. Michael told you that Sophia is a knight and Lucas is a knave. Lucas said that If Sophia is a knight then Zoey is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Zoey is a knight, Sophia is a knave, Emily is a knight, Michael is a knave, and Lucas is a knight.

(1) Zoey is a knight
(2) Sophia is a knave
(3) Emily is a knight
(4) Michael is a knave
(5) Lucas is a knight

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sophia is a knight or Emily is a knight.

Assume Sophia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emily is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Sophia that If Emily is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Zoey is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas, so let us go back and reconsider Emily.

Assume Emily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Emily that Zoey is a knave if and only if Lucas is a knave.

Lucas cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Sophia is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lucas and Emily, so let us go back and reconsider Sophia.

Assume Sophia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Emily is a knight then Lucas is a knave.

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Sophia is a knight then Zoey is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Sophia is a knight and Lucas is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Sophia is a knight and Lucas is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: William, Michael, Penelope, Ava, and Liam. William noted, "Michael is a knight". Michael commented, "Penelope is not a knave". Penelope noted, "William is a knight and Michael is a knave". "Penelope is a knight or Penelope is a knave" - Ava. "Ava is a knave and Liam is a knight," Liam claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

William is a knave, Michael is a knave, Penelope is a knave, Ava is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) William is a knave
(2) Michael is a knave
(3) Penelope is a knave
(4) Ava is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave

Assume William is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that William is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Michael that Penelope is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Penelope, so let us go back and reconsider Michael.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of William that Michael is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider William.

Assume William is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knight.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of William that Michael is a knight.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is not a knave.

Penelope cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Penelope is not a knave.

Assume Penelope is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that William is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Ava is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Penelope is a knight or Penelope is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Ava is a knave and Liam is a knight.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ava is a knave and Liam is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Ethan, Charlotte, Grace, and Lucas. "Charlotte is a knight," Emma mentioned. Ethan told you that Emma is a knave and Grace is a knight. Charlotte said that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave. Grace commented, "If Emma is a knight then Charlotte is a knight". According to Lucas, "Charlotte is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knight, Ethan is a knave, Charlotte is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Lucas is a knave.

(1) Emma is a knight
(2) Ethan is a knave
(3) Charlotte is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Lucas is a knave

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knight or Ethan is a knave.

Ethan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave and Grace is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Emma is a knight then Charlotte is a knight.

Lucas cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Charlotte is not a knight.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is not a knight.

(('telling-truth', 2), ('and', ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 3)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 1), ('lying', 1)), ('->', ('telling-truth', 0), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 2)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Jackson, Samuel, Abigail, Sebastian, and Emma. Jackson said that Abigail is not a knave. Samuel was heard saying, "Emma is not a knave". Abigail told you that Samuel is not a knight. Sebastian noted, "Samuel is a knave". In Emma's words: "Jackson is a knight and Emma is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Jackson is a knight, Samuel is a knave, Abigail is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, and Emma is a knave.

(1) Jackson is a knight
(2) Samuel is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knight
(4) Sebastian is a knight
(5) Emma is a knave

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is not a knight.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Abigail that Samuel is not a knight.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is not a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Samuel that Emma is not a knave.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jackson is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Victoria, Emma, Michael, Jackson, and Liam. As Victoria put it, "Michael is a knave". Emma expressed that If Liam is a knight then Liam is a knave. Michael commented, "Victoria is a knight or Victoria is a knave". "Victoria is a knave," Jackson declared. "Michael is a knave," Liam claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Victoria is a knave, Emma is a knight, Michael is a knight, Jackson is a knight, and Liam is a knave.

(1) Victoria is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Michael is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knight
(5) Liam is a knave

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Victoria is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Liam is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Liam cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that If Liam is a knight then Liam is a knave.

Assume Liam is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave.

Assume Jackson is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Amelia, Harper, Victoria, Zoey, and Lily. Amelia said that Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave. Harper told you that Zoey is not a knave. According to Victoria, "If Amelia is a knave then Amelia is a knight". Zoey stated, "Amelia is a knave or Harper is a knight". Lily stated, "If Harper is a knave then Victoria is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Amelia is a knave, Harper is a knight, Victoria is a knave, Zoey is a knight, and Lily is a knight.

(1) Amelia is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Zoey is a knight
(5) Lily is a knight

Amelia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Amelia is a knave or Harper is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Amelia is a knave then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Amelia is a knave then Amelia is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Harper is a knave then Victoria is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lily, Aurora, Mason, Daniel, and Owen. As Lily put it, "Owen is a knight and Aurora is a knight". In Aurora's words: "Mason is a knave and Lily is a knight". Mason commented, "Daniel is a knave". Daniel remarked, "Lily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave". Owen said that Mason is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lily is a knave, Aurora is a knave, Mason is a knight, Daniel is a knave, and Owen is a knave.

(1) Lily is a knave
(2) Aurora is a knave
(3) Mason is a knight
(4) Daniel is a knave
(5) Owen is a knave

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Owen is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mason that Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Mason is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Mason.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Mason that Daniel is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Daniel and Mason, so let us go back and reconsider Owen.

Owen cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Owen is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Owen, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Owen is a knight and Aurora is a knight.

Daniel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Lily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Owen that Mason is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Owen is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lily is a knight if and only if Owen is a knave.

Aurora cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Mason is a knave and Lily is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mason is a knave and Lily is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Logan, Harper, Matthew, Samuel, and Daniel. "Harper is a knight and Matthew is a knave," Logan declared. Harper remarked, "Matthew is a knight or Daniel is a knave". Matthew told you that Samuel is a knight or Daniel is a knave. Samuel remarked, "Logan is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave". "Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave," Daniel claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Logan is a knave, Harper is a knight, Matthew is a knight, Samuel is a knave, and Daniel is a knave.

(1) Logan is a knave
(2) Harper is a knight
(3) Matthew is a knight
(4) Samuel is a knave
(5) Daniel is a knave

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Harper is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Harper is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Samuel is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Samuel is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Logan is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Samuel and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Harper.

Harper cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Harper is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Harper, so let us go back and reconsider Logan.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Harper is a knight and Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Samuel is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Samuel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Logan is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Samuel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave if and only if Harper is a knave.

Daniel cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Matthew that Samuel is a knight or Daniel is a knave.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knight and Matthew is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Penelope, David, Zoey, Luke, and Isabella. "David is a knave or Zoey is a knave," Penelope declared. According to David, "Zoey is a knight and Zoey is a knave". "Luke is a knave and Isabella is a knight," Zoey claimed. "David is not a knight," Luke declared. As Isabella put it, "Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Penelope is a knight, David is a knave, Zoey is a knave, Luke is a knight, and Isabella is a knave.

(1) Penelope is a knight
(2) David is a knave
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Luke is a knight
(5) Isabella is a knave

Assume Penelope is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is a knave or Zoey is a knave.

David cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume David is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knight and Zoey is a knave.

Assume Zoey is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Zoey that Luke is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that David is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Zoey.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave and Isabella is a knight.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that David is not a knight.

Isabella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Penelope is a knave if and only if Penelope is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Harper, Abigail, Isabella, and Olivia. Emily asserted: "Isabella is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight". Harper asserted: "If Isabella is a knight then Harper is a knight". Abigail was heard saying, "Abigail is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave". Isabella stated, "Olivia is a knave". Olivia said, "Emily is not a knight." So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Harper is a knave, Abigail is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and Olivia is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Harper is a knave
(3) Abigail is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Olivia is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Olivia is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is not a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Isabella is a knave if and only if Abigail is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Harper cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Abigail that Abigail is a knight if and only if Harper is a knave.

Assume Harper is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Isabella is a knight then Harper is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Ella, Benjamin, Aiden, Grace, and Riley. Ella was heard saying, "Grace is not a knight". Benjamin asserted: "Benjamin is a knight and Aiden is a knave". Aiden told you that Ella is a knight or Ella is a knave. As Grace put it, "If Riley is a knave then Aiden is a knave". According to Riley, "If Grace is a knight then Benjamin is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Ella is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Riley is a knight.

(1) Ella is a knave
(2) Benjamin is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Riley is a knight

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Ella that Grace is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Riley is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Grace that If Riley is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Riley cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Grace is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Riley and Grace, so let us go back and reconsider Ella.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Riley is a knave then Aiden is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that If Grace is a knight then Benjamin is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Benjamin is a knight and Aiden is a knave.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is a knight or Ella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emma, Olivia, Victoria, Alexander, and Avery. "Olivia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave" - Emma. Olivia told you that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight. In a statement by Victoria: "Victoria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave". According to Alexander, "Emma is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight". Avery expressed that Emma is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emma is a knave, Olivia is a knave, Victoria is a knight, Alexander is a knave, and Avery is a knight.

(1) Emma is a knave
(2) Olivia is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knight
(4) Alexander is a knave
(5) Avery is a knight

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Olivia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Emma is a knave.

Avery cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Olivia that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Avery, so let us go back and reconsider Olivia.

Assume Olivia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Avery cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Olivia that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emma that Olivia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Victoria that Victoria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Emma is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Alexander, Victoria, Avery, and Olivia, so let us go back and reconsider Emma.

Assume Emma is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Olivia is a knave if and only if Victoria is a knave.

Olivia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Avery is a knight and Emma is a knight.

Assume Avery is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Alexander cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Victoria is a knight if and only if Alexander is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Olivia is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Isabella, Amelia, Victoria, Lily, and Scarlett. Isabella stated, "Victoria is a knight". Amelia said, "Victoria is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight." Victoria told you that Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave. Lily asserted: "Scarlett is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight". Scarlett expressed that Isabella is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Isabella is a knave, Amelia is a knave, Victoria is a knave, Lily is a knave, and Scarlett is a knight.

(1) Isabella is a knave
(2) Amelia is a knave
(3) Victoria is a knave
(4) Lily is a knave
(5) Scarlett is a knight

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Victoria cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Isabella that Victoria is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Victoria, so let us go back and reconsider Isabella.

Assume Isabella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight.

Victoria cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Isabella that Victoria is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knave.

Assume Amelia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lily that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Isabella is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Lily.

Lily cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Amelia that Victoria is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Lily, so let us go back and reconsider Amelia.

Assume Amelia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Victoria is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Lily cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Amelia that Victoria is a knave if and only if Lily is a knight.

Assume Lily is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knight if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Isabella is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Emily, Charlotte, Luke, Joseph, and Alexander. In Emily's words: "Alexander is a knave or Luke is a knave". Charlotte noted, "Luke is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave". In Luke's words: "Emily is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave". Joseph expressed that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight. According to Alexander, "Charlotte is a knight or Luke is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Emily is a knight, Charlotte is a knave, Luke is a knave, Joseph is a knave, and Alexander is a knave.

(1) Emily is a knight
(2) Charlotte is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Joseph is a knave
(5) Alexander is a knave

Assume Emily is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Alexander is a knave or Luke is a knave.

Assume Alexander is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Emily that Alexander is a knave or Luke is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Charlotte that Luke is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke, so let us go back and reconsider Charlotte.

Assume Charlotte is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Luke is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Alexander that Charlotte is a knight or Luke is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Luke and Charlotte, so let us go back and reconsider Alexander.

Assume Alexander is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Charlotte is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Charlotte cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Alexander that Charlotte is a knight or Luke is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Charlotte that Luke is a knave if and only if Emily is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emily is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Joseph cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Emily is a knave if and only if Joseph is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Alexander is a knave then Alexander is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Luke, Abigail, Noah, Isabella, and Matthew. "Matthew is a knight," Luke declared. Abigail was heard saying, "Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight". Noah remarked, "Abigail is not a knave". Isabella commented, "Abigail is not a knight". Matthew expressed that If Luke is a knave then Isabella is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Luke is a knight, Abigail is a knave, Noah is a knave, Isabella is a knight, and Matthew is a knight.

(1) Luke is a knight
(2) Abigail is a knave
(3) Noah is a knave
(4) Isabella is a knight
(5) Matthew is a knight

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knight.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Luke is a knave then Isabella is a knight.

Assume Isabella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Abigail is not a knight.

Abigail cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Assume Abigail is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Isabella is a knave if and only if Isabella is a knight.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Chloe, Ella, Logan, Henry, and Joseph. Chloe expressed that If Joseph is a knave then Logan is a knave. Ella asserted: "Logan is a knave or Henry is a knight". Logan said, "Henry is a knight and Joseph is a knight." According to Henry, "Ella is not a knave". "Chloe is a knave or Henry is a knave," Joseph declared. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Chloe is a knight, Ella is a knight, Logan is a knave, Henry is a knight, and Joseph is a knave.

(1) Chloe is a knight
(2) Ella is a knight
(3) Logan is a knave
(4) Henry is a knight
(5) Joseph is a knave

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Joseph is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Henry cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Chloe is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ella is not a knave.

Ella cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Henry that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Henry is a knight and Joseph is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Ella that Logan is a knave or Henry is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Logan, Ella, and Henry, so let us go back and reconsider Joseph.

Assume Joseph is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Chloe is a knave or Henry is a knave.

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ella is not a knave.

Assume Ella is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave or Henry is a knight.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Chloe that If Joseph is a knave then Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Henry is a knight and Joseph is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Lucas, Elizabeth, Zoey, Aiden, and Daniel. Lucas said, "Daniel is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight." Elizabeth said, "If Daniel is a knight then Aiden is a knight." Zoey was heard saying, "Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight". Aiden expressed that Zoey is not a knight. Daniel told you that Zoey is a knave. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Lucas is a knave, Elizabeth is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Aiden is a knight, and Daniel is a knight.

(1) Lucas is a knave
(2) Elizabeth is a knight
(3) Zoey is a knave
(4) Aiden is a knight
(5) Daniel is a knight

Assume Lucas is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Lucas is a knave and Lucas is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Lucas that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Aiden cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Zoey is not a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Aiden and Zoey, so let us go back and reconsider Daniel.

Assume Daniel is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Daniel that Zoey is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Zoey and Daniel, so let us go back and reconsider Lucas.

Assume Lucas is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Daniel is a knave if and only if Aiden is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Zoey is not a knight.

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knight then Aiden is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Mia, Mason, Aiden, Matthew, and Jack. "Matthew is a knave," Mia mentioned. Mason stated, "Matthew is a knight and Mia is a knight". Aiden stated, "Mia is a knave". Matthew noted, "Jack is a knight". In a statement by Jack: "If Matthew is a knave then Mia is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Mia is a knave, Mason is a knave, Aiden is a knight, Matthew is a knight, and Jack is a knight.

(1) Mia is a knave
(2) Mason is a knave
(3) Aiden is a knight
(4) Matthew is a knight
(5) Jack is a knight

Assume Mia is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Matthew is a knave.

Matthew cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Mia that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Matthew that Jack is a knight.

Jack cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that If Matthew is a knave then Mia is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Jack and Matthew, so let us go back and reconsider Mia.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knave.

Assume Matthew is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jack is a knight.

Assume Jack is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Matthew is a knave then Mia is a knight.

Mason cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Matthew is a knight and Mia is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Matthew is a knight and Mia is a knight.

Assume Aiden is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is a knave.

(('lying', 3), ('and', ('telling-truth', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)), ('lying', 0), ('telling-truth', 4), ('->', ('lying', 3), ('telling-truth', 0)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Elizabeth, James, Mia, Michael, and Ethan. According to Elizabeth, "James is a knave and Michael is a knave". James was heard saying, "James is a knight and Michael is a knave". Mia stated, "Michael is a knave and James is a knave". In Michael's words: "Ethan is a knave or James is a knave". According to Ethan, "Mia is not a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Elizabeth is a knave, James is a knave, Mia is a knave, Michael is a knight, and Ethan is a knave.

(1) Elizabeth is a knave
(2) James is a knave
(3) Mia is a knave
(4) Michael is a knight
(5) Ethan is a knave

Assume Elizabeth is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knave and Michael is a knave.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that James is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Elizabeth that James is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Ethan is a knave or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Michael and James, so let us go back and reconsider Elizabeth.

Assume Elizabeth is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that James is a knave and Michael is a knave.

Assume James is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Michael cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of James that James is a knight and Michael is a knave.

Assume Michael is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Ethan is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Mia is not a knave.

Mia cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Michael is a knave and James is a knave.

Mia cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Ethan that Mia is not a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Mia, so let us go back and reconsider Ethan.

Ethan cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Michael that Ethan is a knave or James is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Ethan and Michael, so let us go back and reconsider James.

Assume Michael is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is a knave or James is a knave.

Assume Ethan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Mia is not a knave.

Assume Mia is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Michael is a knave and James is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Henry, Aurora, Joseph, Jackson, and Ava. In a statement by Henry: "Aurora is a knave or Joseph is a knight". Aurora told you that Henry is a knight or Henry is a knave. In Joseph's words: "Jackson is not a knight". Jackson noted, "Aurora is not a knight". Ava told you that Joseph is a knave or Jackson is a knight. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Henry is a knight, Aurora is a knight, Joseph is a knight, Jackson is a knave, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Henry is a knight
(2) Aurora is a knight
(3) Joseph is a knight
(4) Jackson is a knave
(5) Ava is a knave

Assume Henry is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Aurora is a knave or Joseph is a knight.

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Henry is a knight or Henry is a knave.

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jackson is not a knight.

Jackson cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Joseph that Jackson is not a knight.

Assume Jackson is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Aurora is not a knight.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Joseph is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Joseph is a knave or Jackson is a knight.

(('or', ('lying', 1), ('telling-truth', 2)), ('or', ('telling-truth', 0), ('lying', 0)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 3)), ('not', ('telling-truth', 1)), ('or', ('lying', 2), ('telling-truth', 3)))


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Daniel, Mason, Grace, Abigail, and Ava. In Daniel's words: "Grace is not a knight". Mason told you that Grace is a knave. In a statement by Grace: "Grace is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight". Abigail stated, "If Daniel is a knave then Ava is a knave". Ava was heard saying, "Abigail is not a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Daniel is a knight, Mason is a knight, Grace is a knave, Abigail is a knight, and Ava is a knave.

(1) Daniel is a knight
(2) Mason is a knight
(3) Grace is a knave
(4) Abigail is a knight
(5) Ava is a knave

Assume Daniel is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is not a knight.

Grace cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Daniel that Grace is not a knight.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Daniel is a knight.

Assume Mason is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knave.

Assume Abigail is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Daniel is a knave then Ava is a knave.

Ava cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Abigail is not a knight.

Assume Ava is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Abigail is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, James, Evelyn, Victoria, and Charlotte. Grace commented, "Victoria is a knave or Evelyn is a knight". James stated, "Evelyn is not a knight". In a statement by Evelyn: "Charlotte is a knave or Victoria is a knave". In Victoria's words: "Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knave". Charlotte commented, "If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knight, James is a knave, Evelyn is a knight, Victoria is a knave, and Charlotte is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knight
(2) James is a knave
(3) Evelyn is a knight
(4) Victoria is a knave
(5) Charlotte is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Victoria is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

Assume Victoria is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Victoria that Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Evelyn cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Victoria is a knave or Evelyn is a knight.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Evelyn, so let us go back and reconsider Victoria.

Assume Victoria is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight and Evelyn is a knave.

Assume Evelyn is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Charlotte is a knave or Victoria is a knave.

Assume Charlotte is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Evelyn is a knave then Evelyn is a knight.

James cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Evelyn is not a knight.

Assume James is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Evelyn is not a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Aurora, Emma, Jacob, Scarlett, and Logan. Aurora told you that Logan is a knave. "Scarlett is a knave" - Emma. Jacob commented, "Scarlett is a knave or Emma is a knave". In a statement by Scarlett: "Emma is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave". Logan asserted: "Jacob is a knight and Scarlett is a knave". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Aurora is a knave, Emma is a knight, Jacob is a knight, Scarlett is a knave, and Logan is a knight.

(1) Aurora is a knave
(2) Emma is a knight
(3) Jacob is a knight
(4) Scarlett is a knave
(5) Logan is a knight

Assume Aurora is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Logan is a knave.

Logan cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Aurora that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Jacob is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Jacob is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Scarlett that Emma is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Emma, so let us go back and reconsider Scarlett.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Logan that Jacob is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, so let us go back and reconsider Jacob.

Assume Jacob is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Emma cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Scarlett is a knave or Emma is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of Jacob that Scarlett is a knave or Emma is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Scarlett, Jacob, and Logan, so let us go back and reconsider Aurora.

Assume Aurora is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Logan is a knave.

Assume Logan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Jacob is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Scarlett cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Logan that Jacob is a knight and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Scarlett is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Emma is a knave if and only if Aurora is a knave.

Assume Emma is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Joseph, Sebastian, Ethan, Grace, and Luke. "If Grace is a knave then Sebastian is a knight," Joseph claimed. In a statement by Sebastian: "Ethan is not a knave". Ethan asserted: "Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave". "If Ethan is a knight then Joseph is a knight," Grace mentioned. Luke remarked, "If Grace is a knight then Ethan is a knight". So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Joseph is a knight, Sebastian is a knight, Ethan is a knight, Grace is a knight, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Joseph is a knight
(2) Sebastian is a knight
(3) Ethan is a knight
(4) Grace is a knight
(5) Luke is a knight

Assume Joseph is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knave then Sebastian is a knight.

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Ethan is a knight then Joseph is a knight.

Assume Ethan is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Sebastian is a knight or Sebastian is a knave.

Assume Sebastian is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Ethan is not a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that If Grace is a knight then Ethan is a knight.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Scarlett, Zoey, Luke, Riley, and Chloe. In Scarlett's words: "Chloe is not a knave". Zoey asserted: "If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight". Luke commented, "Zoey is a knave and Scarlett is a knave". Riley said that Scarlett is a knave. "Luke is a knave or Zoey is a knight," Chloe claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Scarlett is a knight, Zoey is a knave, Luke is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Chloe is a knight.

(1) Scarlett is a knight
(2) Zoey is a knave
(3) Luke is a knave
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) Chloe is a knight

Assume Scarlett is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Chloe is not a knave.

Assume Chloe is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Luke is a knave or Zoey is a knight.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Zoey is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Zoey is a knave and Scarlett is a knave.

Zoey cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Assume Zoey is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that If Luke is a knave then Luke is a knight.

Riley cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Scarlett is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Scarlett is a knave.


A very special island is inhabited only by knights and knaves. Knights always tell the truth, and knaves always lie. You meet 5 inhabitants: Grace, Noah, Benjamin, Riley, and Luke. Grace expressed that Riley is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave. Noah asserted: "Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave". Benjamin expressed that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave. Riley expressed that Noah is a knight and Luke is a knave. "Grace is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight," Luke claimed. So who is a knight and who is a knave?

Grace is a knave, Noah is a knave, Benjamin is a knave, Riley is a knave, and Luke is a knight.

(1) Grace is a knave
(2) Noah is a knave
(3) Benjamin is a knave
(4) Riley is a knave
(5) Luke is a knight

Assume Grace is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Riley is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Noah is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Noah cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the claim of Riley that Noah is a knight and Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Noah, so let us go back and reconsider Riley.

Assume Riley is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Noah is a knight and Luke is a knave.

Assume Noah is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knight if and only if Riley is a knave.

Luke cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of Grace that Riley is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the false claim of Luke that Grace is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knave, because this would contradict the false claim of their own that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.

We have exhausted all possibilities for Benjamin, Luke, Noah, and Riley, so let us go back and reconsider Grace.

Assume Grace is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave if and only if Luke is a knave.

Assume Luke is a knight. No contradiction is found in their claim that Grace is a knight if and only if Benjamin is a knight.

Benjamin cannot be a knight, because this would contradict the claim of their own that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.

Assume Benjamin is a knave. No contradiction is found in their false claim that Riley is a knave and Luke is a knave.